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Economic News Release
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Employer Costs for Employee Compensation News Release


FOR RELEASE 10:00 A.M. (EDT) FRIDAY, JUNE 9, 2017				USDL-17-0770

Technical information:	(202) 691-6199  ncsinfo@bls.gov  www.bls.gov/ect 
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  pressoffice@bls.gov

			EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION – MARCH 2017

Employer costs for employee compensation averaged $35.28 per hour worked in March 2017, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries averaged $24.10 per hour worked and
accounted for 68.3 percent of these costs, while benefits averaged $11.18 and accounted for the
remaining 31.7 percent. Total employer compensation costs for private industry workers averaged
$33.11 per hour worked. Total employer compensation costs for state and local government workers
averaged $48.24 per hour worked.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation(ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey,
measures employer costs for wages, salaries, and employee benefits for nonfarm private and state
and local government workers.

Metropolitan area costs in private industry

Total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs in private industry are included in this
release for 15 combined and metropolitan statistical areas (CSAs and MSAs). In March 2017, total
compensation costs for the 15 areas ranged from $28.20 per hour worked in the Miami-Fort
Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA to $53.61 per hour worked in the San Jose-San Francisco- Oakland,
CA CSA. (See chart 2 and table 15.)

Health insurance costs in private industry

The average cost for health insurance benefits was $2.50 per hour worked in private industry (7.6
percent of total compensation) in March 2017. Among occupational groups, employer costs for health
insurance benefits ranged from 90 cents per hour worked and 5.8 percent of total compensation for
service occupations, to $3.94 and 6.7 percent of total compensation for management, professional,
and related occupations. (See table 5.)

Employer costs for health insurance benefits were significantly higher for union workers,
averaging $6.09 per hour worked (12.5 percent of total compensation), than for nonunion workers,
averaging $2.16 (6.8 percent of total compensation). (See table 5.)

In goods-producing industries, health insurance benefit costs were higher, at $3.49 per hour
worked (8.8 percent of total compensation), than in service-providing industries, at $2.30 (7.2
percent). In goods-producing industries, health insurance benefit costs were $3.77 (9.5 percent of
total compensation) for manufacturing and $2.91 (7.5 percent) for construction. In service-
providing industries, health insurance benefit costs ranged from $4.87 (9.0 percent) for
information to 71 cents (5.0 percent) for leisure and hospitality. (See table 6.)

Among the four regions, costs for health insurance benefits were $2.17 per hour worked (7.3
percent of total compensation) in the South, $3.14 (7.6 percent) in the Northeast, $2.51 (8.2
percent) in the Midwest, and $2.49 (7.3 percent) in the West. (See table 7.)

Establishments with fewer than 50 workers averaged $1.65 per hour worked for healthcare benefits
(6.1 percent of total compensation); those with 50-99 workers averaged $2.21 (7.2 percent); those
with 100-499 employees averaged $2.70 (8.3 percent); and those with 500 or more employees averaged
$4.35 (8.9 percent). (See table 8.)

Benefit costs in private industry

Private industry employer costs for paid leave averaged $2.30 per hour worked or 6.9 percent of
total compensation, supplemental pay averaged $1.17 or 3.5 percent, insurance benefits averaged
$2.65 or 8.0 percent, retirement and savings averaged $1.34 or 4.0 percent, and legally required
benefits averaged $2.60 per hour worked or 7.8 percent. (See table A and table 5.)

Table A.  Relative importance of employer costs for employee compensation, March 2017

Compensation                            Civilian       Private      State and local
  component                             workers(1)     industry       government
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Wages and salaries                       68.3%          69.6%            62.9%
Benefits                                 31.7           30.4             37.1
   Paid leave                             7.1            6.9              7.5
   Supplemental pay                       3.0            3.5              1.0
   Insurance                              8.8            8.0             11.9
     Health benefits                      8.3            7.6             11.6
   Retirement and savings                 5.4            4.0             11.2
     Defined benefit                      3.5            1.8             10.4
     Defined contribution                 2.0            2.3              0.8
   Legally required                       7.4            7.8              5.6
____________________________________________________________________________________________
   1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and 
     workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
__________________ 
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for June 2017 is scheduled to be released on Friday,
September 8, 2017, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data on total compensation, wages and salaries, and
benefits in private industry are produced annually in the March reference period for 15
metropolitan areas. For further information about metropolitan area ECEC estimates see the
September 2009 article, BLS Introduces New Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Data for
Private Industry Workers in 15 Metropolitan Areas, at
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/cwc/bls-introduces-new-employer-costs-for-employee-compensation-data-for-
private-industry-workers-in-15-metropolitan-areas.pdf.

Supplemental tables with occupational, establishment size, and bargaining status series by
industry group are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuptc41.pdf and
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuphst.pdf.

Relative standard errors for all cost estimates in the most recent news release are available at
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ececrse.pdf and www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuprse.pdf.

Historical ECEC data are available in three listings, all available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables.
The earliest historical listing covers data for the March reference periods from 1986 to 2001.
These data use the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and Census of Population occupational
classification systems. A second listing contains data for the March, June, September, and
December reference periods from March 2002 to December 2003. These data are also based on the SIC
and Census of Population occupational classification systems. The most recent listing includes
data from March 2004 to the current reference period. These are based on the North American
Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) systems.

The Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 2003 area definitions.  For more information on the area
definitions, visit www.census.gov/population/metro/data/pastmetro.html.

For information on health insurance provisions, see National Compensation Survey: Employee
Benefits in the United States, March 2016, at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefits/2016/benefits.htm and
National Compensation Survey: Health and Retirement Plan Provisions in the United States, 2015, at
www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2015/ownership/private/health.htm#medical_care.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request—
Telephone:  (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:  (800) 877-8339.

BLS news releases, including the ECEC, are available through an e-mail subscription service at
www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.



					TECHNICAL NOTE

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost to employers for wages
and salaries and benefits per employee hour worked.

ECEC includes the civilian economy, which includes data from both private industry and state and
local government. Excluded from private industry are the self-employed and farm and private
household workers. Federal government workers are excluded from the public sector. The private
industry series and the state and local government series provide data for the two sectors
separately.

Sample size

Data for the March 2017 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately
27,900 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,700 private industry
establishments and approximately 8,100 occupational observations selected from a sample of about
1,400 state and local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

ECEC benchmarking by establishment size and industry

For information on benchmarking by industry, see The Weighting Process Used in the Employer Costs
for Employee Compensation Series for the National Compensation Survey, at
www.bls.gov/osmr/pdf/st110220.pdf.

Comparing private and public sector data

Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with levels
in private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work
activities and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part
of private industry work activities but are rare in state and local government. Professional and
administrative support occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and
local government workforce, compared with one-half of private industry.

ECEC quarterly publication focus

ECEC news releases are published quarterly, providing civilian, private industry, and state and
local government cost per hour estimates as well as additional detail on a specific compensation
cost topic of interest. This quarter focuses on health insurance benefit costs in private
industry. Topics of news releases for the upcoming reference periods are as follows: 
	* June 2017— Retirement and savings benefit costs in private industry 
	* September 2017— Compensation costs in state and local government

ECEC detailed information and measures For detailed information on Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation, see Chapter 8,”National Compensation Measures,” of the BLS Handbook of Methods at
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.



Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, March 2017
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                             Occupational group                                                        Industry group          
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                     Management,                                             Natural         Production,                                       
                 Compensation                          All          professional,         Sales                             resources,     transportation,        Goods-           Service-    
                   component                        workers(1)           and               and             Service        construction,          and           producing(2)      providing(3)  
                                                                       related            office                               and             material                                        
                                                                                                                           maintenance          moving                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                  Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                               
Total compensation.............................  $35.28    100.0   $58.46    100.0   $25.27    100.0   $18.02    100.0   $35.63    100.0   $28.07    100.0   $39.45    100.0   $34.57    100.0 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
  Wages and salaries...........................   24.10     68.3    39.58     67.7    17.73     70.2    12.90     71.6    23.82     66.9    18.52     66.0    26.19     66.4    23.74     68.7 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
  Total benefits...............................   11.18     31.7    18.87     32.3     7.53     29.8     5.11     28.4    11.81     33.1     9.55     34.0    13.26     33.6    10.83     31.3 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Paid leave.................................    2.49      7.1     4.74      8.1     1.69      6.7     0.90      5.0     1.95      5.5     1.69      6.0     2.59      6.6     2.47      7.1 
      Vacation.................................    1.21      3.4     2.27      3.9     0.84      3.3     0.43      2.4     0.99      2.8     0.85      3.0     1.33      3.4     1.19      3.4 
      Holiday..................................    0.74      2.1     1.37      2.3     0.51      2.0     0.27      1.5     0.63      1.8     0.56      2.0     0.90      2.3     0.72      2.1 
      Sick.....................................    0.38      1.1     0.78      1.3     0.22      0.9     0.14      0.8     0.22      0.6     0.20      0.7     0.26      0.7     0.40      1.1 
      Personal.................................    0.16      0.4     0.31      0.5     0.11      0.5     0.05      0.3     0.10      0.3     0.08      0.3     0.10      0.3     0.17      0.5 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Supplemental pay...........................    1.07      3.0     2.02      3.5     0.60      2.4     0.31      1.7     1.03      2.9     0.99      3.5     1.47      3.7     1.00      2.9 
      Overtime and premium(4)..................    0.26      0.7     0.15      0.3     0.15      0.6     0.15      0.8     0.70      2.0     0.57      2.0     0.58      1.5     0.20      0.6 
      Shift differentials......................    0.06      0.2     0.08      0.1     0.02      0.1     0.05      0.3     0.04      0.1     0.08      0.3     0.08      0.2     0.05      0.2 
      Nonproduction bonuses....................    0.76      2.2     1.79      3.1     0.43      1.7     0.11      0.6     0.29      0.8     0.34      1.2     0.81      2.1     0.75      2.2 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Insurance..................................    3.09      8.8     4.78      8.2     2.42      9.6     1.41      7.8     3.33      9.4     2.98     10.6     3.71      9.4     2.99      8.6 
      Life.....................................    0.05      0.1     0.08      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.02      0.1     0.04      0.1     0.04      0.1     0.06      0.2     0.04      0.1 
      Health...................................    2.94      8.3     4.53      7.7     2.32      9.2     1.36      7.6     3.18      8.9     2.82     10.0     3.51      8.9     2.85      8.2 
      Short-term disability....................    0.06      0.2     0.09      0.2     0.04      0.2     0.02      0.1     0.08      0.2     0.06      0.2     0.08      0.2     0.05      0.2 
      Long-term disability.....................    0.05      0.1     0.08      0.1     0.03      0.1     (5)      (6)      0.03      0.1     0.06      0.2     0.06      0.1     0.05      0.1 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Retirement and savings.....................    1.92      5.4     3.72      6.4     0.93      3.7     0.81      4.5     2.11      5.9     1.30      4.6     2.21      5.6     1.87      5.4 
      Defined benefit..........................    1.22      3.5     2.37      4.1     0.47      1.9     0.65      3.6     1.47      4.1     0.76      2.7     1.22      3.1     1.23      3.5 
      Defined contribution.....................    0.69      2.0     1.34      2.3     0.46      1.8     0.16      0.9     0.64      1.8     0.53      1.9     0.99      2.5     0.64      1.9 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Legally required benefits..................    2.61      7.4     3.61      6.2     1.90      7.5     1.69      9.4     3.39      9.5     2.60      9.3     3.29      8.3     2.49      7.2 
      Social Security and Medicare.............    1.95      5.5     3.09      5.3     1.48      5.8     1.08      6.0     2.01      5.6     1.57      5.6     2.22      5.6     1.90      5.5 
        Social Security(7).....................    1.55      4.4     2.42      4.1     1.19      4.7     0.86      4.8     1.62      4.5     1.26      4.5     1.78      4.5     1.51      4.4 
        Medicare...............................    0.40      1.1     0.67      1.1     0.29      1.1     0.21      1.2     0.39      1.1     0.31      1.1     0.43      1.1     0.39      1.1 
      Federal unemployment insurance...........    0.03      0.1     0.02     (6)      0.03      0.1     0.04      0.2     0.03      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.03      0.1 
      State unemployment insurance.............    0.16      0.5     0.15      0.3     0.15      0.6     0.15      0.8     0.24      0.7     0.18      0.6     0.23      0.6     0.15      0.4 
      Workers' compensation....................    0.47      1.3     0.35      0.6     0.23      0.9     0.43      2.4     1.12      3.1     0.82      2.9     0.81      2.1     0.41      1.2 

  1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government.
  2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
  3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation;
accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
  4 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
  5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  6 Less than .05 percent.
  7 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.


Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2017
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                      Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Wages                                                       
                    Series                       compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                 sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                             leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                       savings         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                                
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Civilian workers(1)............................  $35.28   $24.10   $11.18    $2.49    $1.07    $3.09    $1.92    $2.61 
                                                                                                                       
              Occupational group                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   58.46    39.58    18.87     4.74     2.02     4.78     3.72     3.61 
        Management, business, and financial....   70.33    46.72    23.61     6.34     4.44     4.85     3.73     4.25 
        Professional and related...............   53.64    36.69    16.95     4.08     1.04     4.75     3.71     3.35 
          Teachers(2)..........................   58.40    40.21    18.18     2.93     0.23     5.96     5.99     3.07 
            Primary, secondary, and special                                                                            
             education school teachers.........   58.54    39.39    19.15     2.76     0.21     6.50     6.85     2.83 
          Registered nurses....................   53.18    35.69    17.49     4.75     1.61     4.71     2.77     3.64 
      Sales and office.........................   25.27    17.73     7.53     1.69     0.60     2.42     0.93     1.90 
        Sales and related......................   24.07    18.02     6.05     1.40     0.62     1.54     0.62     1.87 
        Office and administrative support......   25.98    17.56     8.42     1.86     0.58     2.95     1.11     1.91 
      Service..................................   18.02    12.90     5.11     0.90     0.31     1.41     0.81     1.69 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                             
       maintenance.............................   35.63    23.82    11.81     1.95     1.03     3.33     2.11     3.39 
        Construction, extraction, farming,                                                                             
         fishing, and forestry(3)..............   37.05    24.56    12.50     1.61     0.99     3.34     2.67     3.89 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair..   34.30    23.13    11.17     2.26     1.07     3.33     1.58     2.92 
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                         
       moving..................................   28.07    18.52     9.55     1.69     0.99     2.98     1.30     2.60 
        Production.............................   27.14    18.13     9.01     1.65     1.12     2.89     0.97     2.38 
        Transportation and material moving.....   28.93    18.89    10.04     1.72     0.86     3.06     1.60     2.80 
                                                                                                                       
                Industry group                                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
      Education and health services............   40.52    27.53    12.99     2.96     0.53     4.06     2.87     2.57 
        Educational services...................   50.10    33.49    16.62     3.22     0.25     5.52     4.89     2.74 
          Elementary and secondary schools.....   48.70    32.30    16.40     2.61     0.20     5.68     5.41     2.50 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and                                                                               
            universities.......................   55.83    37.26    18.57     4.76     0.34     5.81     4.43     3.24 
        Health care and social assistance......   34.20    23.60    10.60     2.78     0.72     3.10     1.54     2.46 
          Hospitals............................   45.60    29.78    15.82     4.24     1.46     4.73     2.35     3.04 
                                                
                                                                     Percent of total compensation
                                                
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Civilian workers(1)............................   100.0     68.3     31.7      7.1      3.0      8.8      5.4      7.4 
                                                                                                                       
              Occupational group                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     67.7     32.3      8.1      3.5      8.2      6.4      6.2 
        Management, business, and financial....   100.0     66.4     33.6      9.0      6.3      6.9      5.3      6.0 
        Professional and related...............   100.0     68.4     31.6      7.6      1.9      8.9      6.9      6.3 
          Teachers(2)..........................   100.0     68.9     31.1      5.0      0.4     10.2     10.3      5.3 
            Primary, secondary, and special                                                                            
             education school teachers.........   100.0     67.3     32.7      4.7      0.4     11.1     11.7      4.8 
          Registered nurses....................   100.0     67.1     32.9      8.9      3.0      8.9      5.2      6.9 
      Sales and office.........................   100.0     70.2     29.8      6.7      2.4      9.6      3.7      7.5 
        Sales and related......................   100.0     74.9     25.1      5.8      2.6      6.4      2.6      7.8 
        Office and administrative support......   100.0     67.6     32.4      7.2      2.2     11.3      4.3      7.4 
      Service..................................   100.0     71.6     28.4      5.0      1.7      7.8      4.5      9.4 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                             
       maintenance.............................   100.0     66.9     33.1      5.5      2.9      9.4      5.9      9.5 
        Construction, extraction, farming,                                                                             
         fishing, and forestry(3)..............   100.0     66.3     33.7      4.4      2.7      9.0      7.2     10.5 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair..   100.0     67.4     32.6      6.6      3.1      9.7      4.6      8.5 
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                         
       moving..................................   100.0     66.0     34.0      6.0      3.5     10.6      4.6      9.3 
        Production.............................   100.0     66.8     33.2      6.1      4.1     10.6      3.6      8.8 
        Transportation and material moving.....   100.0     65.3     34.7      5.9      3.0     10.6      5.5      9.7 
                                                                                                                       
                Industry group                                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
      Education and health services............   100.0     67.9     32.1      7.3      1.3     10.0      7.1      6.3 
        Educational services...................   100.0     66.8     33.2      6.4      0.5     11.0      9.8      5.5 
          Elementary and secondary schools.....   100.0     66.3     33.7      5.4      0.4     11.7     11.1      5.1 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and                                                                               
            universities.......................   100.0     66.7     33.3      8.5      0.6     10.4      7.9      5.8 
        Health care and social assistance......   100.0     69.0     31.0      8.1      2.1      9.1      4.5      7.2 
          Hospitals............................   100.0     65.3     34.7      9.3      3.2     10.4      5.1      6.7 

  1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal
government.
  2 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and
instructors.
  3 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: state and local
government workers, by major occupational and industry group, March 2017
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                         Occupational group(1)                            Industry group 
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                     Management,          Sales                                          
                 Compensation                          All          professional,          and             Service      Service-providin-
                   component                         workers             and              office                               g(2)      
                                                                       related                                                           
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                  Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
Total compensation.............................  $48.24    100.0   $57.99    100.0   $33.26    100.0   $34.87    100.0   $48.32    100.0 
                                                                                                                                         
  Wages and salaries...........................   30.34     62.9    37.68     65.0    19.44     58.4    20.26     58.1    30.42     62.9 
                                                                                                                                         
  Total benefits...............................   17.90     37.1    20.31     35.0    13.82     41.6    14.61     41.9    17.90     37.1 
                                                                                                                                         
    Paid leave.................................    3.62      7.5     4.09      7.1     2.93      8.8     2.94      8.4     3.62      7.5 
      Vacation.................................    1.36      2.8     1.39      2.4     1.30      3.9     1.30      3.7     1.36      2.8 
      Holiday..................................    1.04      2.1     1.13      1.9     0.90      2.7     0.90      2.6     1.04      2.1 
      Sick.....................................    0.93      1.9     1.18      2.0     0.58      1.7     0.59      1.7     0.93      1.9 
      Personal.................................    0.29      0.6     0.39      0.7     0.15      0.5     0.15      0.4     0.29      0.6 
                                                                                                                                         
    Supplemental pay...........................    0.48      1.0     0.39      0.7     0.29      0.9     0.72      2.1     0.47      1.0 
      Overtime and premium(3)..................    0.20      0.4     0.08      0.1     0.16      0.5     0.43      1.2     0.20      0.4 
      Shift differentials......................    0.04      0.1     0.04      0.1     0.02      0.1     0.08      0.2     0.04      0.1 
      Nonproduction bonuses....................    0.23      0.5     0.27      0.5     0.11      0.3     0.21      0.6     0.23      0.5 
                                                                                                                                         
    Insurance..................................    5.72     11.9     6.34     10.9     5.25     15.8     4.45     12.8     5.72     11.8 
      Life.....................................    0.07      0.1     0.08      0.1     0.06      0.2     0.06      0.2     0.07      0.1 
      Health...................................    5.57     11.6     6.17     10.6     5.14     15.4     4.34     12.4     5.58     11.5 
      Short-term disability....................    0.03      0.1     0.04      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.02      0.1     0.03      0.1 
      Long-term disability.....................    0.04      0.1     0.05      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.04      0.1 
                                                                                                                                         
    Retirement and savings.....................    5.40     11.2     6.47     11.2     3.34     10.0     4.31     12.4     5.40     11.2 
      Defined benefit..........................    5.01     10.4     5.96     10.3     3.11      9.4     4.11     11.8     5.02     10.4 
      Defined contribution.....................    0.39      0.8     0.51      0.9     0.22      0.7     0.21      0.6     0.39      0.8 
                                                                                                                                         
    Legally required benefits..................    2.68      5.6     3.01      5.2     2.02      6.1     2.18      6.3     2.69      5.6 
      Social Security and Medicare.............    2.09      4.3     2.51      4.3     1.50      4.5     1.45      4.2     2.10      4.3 
        Social Security(4).....................    1.60      3.3     1.91      3.3     1.18      3.5     1.11      3.2     1.60      3.3 
        Medicare...............................    0.50      1.0     0.61      1.0     0.33      1.0     0.34      1.0     0.50      1.0 
      Federal unemployment insurance...........    (5)      (6)      (5)      (6)      (5)      (6)      (5)      (6)      (5)      (6)  
      State unemployment insurance.............    0.07      0.2     0.07      0.1     0.06      0.2     0.08      0.2     0.07      0.2 
      Workers' compensation....................    0.52      1.1     0.43      0.7     0.45      1.4     0.64      1.8     0.51      1.1 

  1 This table presents data for the three major occupational groups in State and local government: management, professional, and related
occupations, including teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and service occupations, including police and
firefighters.
  2 Service-providing industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State and local government
workforce.
  3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
  4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
  5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  6 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: state
and local government workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2017
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                      Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Wages                                                       
                    Series                       compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                 sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                             leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                       savings         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                                
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
State and local government workers.............  $48.24   $30.34   $17.90    $3.62    $0.48    $5.72    $5.40    $2.68 
                                                                                                                       
              Occupational group                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   57.99    37.68    20.31     4.09     0.39     6.34     6.47     3.01 
        Professional and related...............   56.43    36.95    19.48     3.64     0.36     6.35     6.23     2.90 
          Teachers(1)..........................   63.80    42.84    20.96     3.25     0.25     7.00     7.38     3.09 
            Primary, secondary, and special                                                                            
             education school teachers.........   63.41    42.14    21.26     2.99     0.23     7.26     7.84     2.95 
      Sales and office.........................   33.26    19.44    13.82     2.93     0.29     5.25     3.34     2.02 
        Office and administrative support......   33.43    19.50    13.93     2.94     0.29     5.32     3.36     2.02 
      Service..................................   34.87    20.26    14.61     2.94     0.72     4.45     4.31     2.18 
                                                                                                                       
                Industry group                                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
      Education and health services............   50.59    32.90    17.68     3.35     0.33     5.96     5.44     2.61 
        Educational services...................   51.84    33.92    17.92     3.23     0.25     6.08     5.73     2.63 
          Elementary and secondary schools.....   50.18    32.94    17.24     2.67     0.21     6.00     5.89     2.48 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and                                                                               
            universities.......................   56.71    36.81    19.91     4.92     0.34     6.34     5.24     3.06 
        Health care and social assistance......   42.64    26.47    16.17     4.08     0.81     5.17     3.58     2.53 
          Hospitals............................   45.15    28.57    16.58     4.33     0.95     5.15     3.48     2.67 
      Public administration....................   46.31    27.09    19.22     4.33     0.73     5.56     5.73     2.88 
                                                
                                                                     Percent of total compensation
                                                
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
State and local government workers.............   100.0     62.9     37.1      7.5      1.0     11.9     11.2      5.6 
                                                                                                                       
              Occupational group                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     65.0     35.0      7.1      0.7     10.9     11.2      5.2 
        Professional and related...............   100.0     65.5     34.5      6.5      0.6     11.3     11.0      5.1 
          Teachers(1)..........................   100.0     67.1     32.9      5.1      0.4     11.0     11.6      4.8 
            Primary, secondary, and special                                                                            
             education school teachers.........   100.0     66.5     33.5      4.7      0.4     11.4     12.4      4.6 
      Sales and office.........................   100.0     58.4     41.6      8.8      0.9     15.8     10.0      6.1 
        Office and administrative support......   100.0     58.3     41.7      8.8      0.9     15.9     10.1      6.0 
      Service..................................   100.0     58.1     41.9      8.4      2.1     12.8     12.4      6.3 
                                                                                                                       
                Industry group                                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
      Education and health services............   100.0     65.0     35.0      6.6      0.6     11.8     10.7      5.2 
        Educational services...................   100.0     65.4     34.6      6.2      0.5     11.7     11.1      5.1 
          Elementary and secondary schools.....   100.0     65.6     34.4      5.3      0.4     11.9     11.7      4.9 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and                                                                               
            universities.......................   100.0     64.9     35.1      8.7      0.6     11.2      9.2      5.4 
        Health care and social assistance......   100.0     62.1     37.9      9.6      1.9     12.1      8.4      5.9 
          Hospitals............................   100.0     63.3     36.7      9.6      2.1     11.4      7.7      5.9 
      Public administration....................   100.0     58.5     41.5      9.3      1.6     12.0     12.4      6.2 

  1 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and
instructors.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, March 2017
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                   Occupational group                                                            Bargaining unit status        
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                        Management,                                                   Natural           Production,                                            
                 Compensation                           All            professional,           Sales                                 resources,       transportation,                                          
                   component                          workers               and                 and               Service          construction,            and                Union              Nonunion     
                                                                          related              office                                   and               material                                             
                                                                                                                                    maintenance            moving                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                   Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
Total compensation.............................   $33.11    100.0     $58.62    100.0     $24.55    100.0     $15.38    100.0     $35.19    100.0     $27.71    100.0     $48.94    100.0     $31.58    100.0  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  Wages and salaries...........................    23.06     69.6      40.26     68.7      17.58     71.6      11.75     76.4      23.81     67.7      18.40     66.4      29.34     60.0      22.44     71.1  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  Total benefits...............................    10.06     30.4      18.36     31.3       6.97     28.4       3.63     23.6      11.37     32.3       9.31     33.6      19.60     40.0       9.13     28.9  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Paid leave.................................     2.30      6.9       4.97      8.5       1.58      6.4       0.58      3.8       1.80      5.1       1.65      5.9       3.51      7.2       2.18      6.9  
      Vacation.................................     1.18      3.6       2.59      4.4       0.80      3.2       0.29      1.9       0.93      2.6       0.84      3.0       1.77      3.6       1.13      3.6  
      Holiday..................................     0.69      2.1       1.45      2.5       0.48      2.0       0.18      1.1       0.59      1.7       0.55      2.0       1.04      2.1       0.66      2.1  
      Sick.....................................     0.28      0.9       0.64      1.1       0.19      0.8       0.07      0.5       0.18      0.5       0.19      0.7       0.52      1.1       0.26      0.8  
      Personal.................................     0.14      0.4       0.29      0.5       0.11      0.5       0.04      0.2       0.10      0.3       0.07      0.3       0.18      0.4       0.13      0.4  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Supplemental pay...........................     1.17      3.5       2.61      4.4       0.62      2.5       0.25      1.6       1.05      3.0       1.00      3.6       1.44      2.9       1.15      3.6  
      Overtime and premium(1)..................     0.26      0.8       0.18      0.3       0.15      0.6       0.11      0.7       0.71      2.0       0.57      2.1       0.85      1.7       0.21      0.7  
      Shift differentials......................     0.06      0.2       0.09      0.2       0.02      0.1       0.05      0.3       0.04      0.1       0.08      0.3       0.19      0.4       0.05      0.1  
      Nonproduction bonuses....................     0.85      2.6       2.34      4.0       0.45      1.8       0.09      0.6       0.30      0.8       0.35      1.2       0.40      0.8       0.89      2.8  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Insurance..................................     2.65      8.0       4.22      7.2       2.17      8.8       0.93      6.1       3.16      9.0       2.88     10.4       6.46     13.2       2.28      7.2  
      Life.....................................     0.04      0.1       0.08      0.1       0.03      0.1      (2)       (3)        0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.08      0.2       0.04      0.1  
      Health...................................     2.50      7.6       3.94      6.7       2.07      8.4       0.90      5.8       3.00      8.5       2.72      9.8       6.09     12.5       2.16      6.8  
      Short-term disability....................     0.06      0.2       0.11      0.2       0.04      0.2      (2)       (3)        0.09      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.17      0.3       0.05      0.2  
      Long-term disability.....................     0.05      0.1       0.09      0.2       0.03      0.1      (2)       (3)        0.03      0.1       0.06      0.2       0.12      0.2       0.04      0.1  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Retirement and savings.....................     1.34      4.0       2.73      4.7       0.71      2.9       0.26      1.7       1.92      5.5       1.19      4.3       4.46      9.1       1.03      3.3  
      Defined benefit..........................     0.59      1.8       1.09      1.9       0.24      1.0       0.11      0.7       1.25      3.5       0.64      2.3       3.18      6.5       0.34      1.1  
      Defined contribution.....................     0.75      2.3       1.64      2.8       0.48      1.9       0.15      1.0       0.67      1.9       0.55      2.0       1.28      2.6       0.69      2.2  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Legally required benefits..................     2.60      7.8       3.83      6.5       1.89      7.7       1.62     10.5       3.44      9.8       2.59      9.4       3.73      7.6       2.49      7.9  
      Social Security and Medicare.............     1.92      5.8       3.29      5.6       1.48      6.0       1.02      6.6       2.02      5.7       1.56      5.6       2.43      5.0       1.87      5.9  
        Social Security(4).....................     1.54      4.6       2.60      4.4       1.19      4.8       0.83      5.4       1.64      4.7       1.26      4.5       1.94      4.0       1.50      4.7  
        Medicare...............................     0.38      1.2       0.69      1.2       0.29      1.2       0.19      1.3       0.38      1.1       0.30      1.1       0.50      1.0       0.37      1.2  
      Federal unemployment insurance...........     0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.3       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1  
      State unemployment insurance.............     0.18      0.5       0.19      0.3       0.16      0.7       0.16      1.0       0.25      0.7       0.18      0.7       0.24      0.5       0.17      0.5  
      Workers' compensation....................     0.46      1.4       0.32      0.6       0.21      0.9       0.39      2.6       1.14      3.2       0.82      3.0       1.03      2.1       0.41      1.3  

  1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.
  4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by major industry group, March 2017
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                     Goods-producing(1)                                                                                           Service-providing(2)                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                    All                Trade,                                                   Professional         Education            Leisure                          
                 Compensation                        All goods-         Construction       Manufacturing          service-        transportation,       Information          Financial              and                 and                 and            Other services  
                   component                        producing(1)                                                providing(2)            and                                  activities           business             health           hospitality                        
                                                                                                                                     utilities                                                    services            services                                             
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                   Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
Total compensation.............................   $39.42    100.0     $38.73    100.0     $39.66    100.0     $31.83    100.0     $27.44    100.0     $54.36    100.0     $46.80    100.0     $40.46    100.0     $35.00    100.0     $14.14    100.0     $26.71    100.0  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  Wages and salaries...........................    26.22     66.5      26.96     69.6      25.87     65.2      22.41     70.4      19.31     70.4      35.71     65.7      30.62     65.4      28.78     71.1      24.59     70.2      11.16     78.9      19.36     72.5  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  Total benefits...............................    13.20     33.5      11.77     30.4      13.79     34.8       9.42     29.6       8.14     29.6      18.64     34.3      16.18     34.6      11.68     28.9      10.42     29.8       2.98     21.1       7.34     27.5  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Paid leave.................................     2.57      6.5       1.70      4.4       3.00      7.6       2.24      7.0       1.73      6.3       5.00      9.2       3.97      8.5       2.91      7.2       2.74      7.8       0.41      2.9       1.62      6.1  
      Vacation.................................     1.32      3.4       0.89      2.3       1.53      3.9       1.16      3.6       0.91      3.3       2.60      4.8       2.05      4.4       1.54      3.8       1.36      3.9       0.22      1.5       0.75      2.8  
      Holiday..................................     0.89      2.3       0.59      1.5       1.04      2.6       0.65      2.1       0.50      1.8       1.28      2.4       1.14      2.4       0.87      2.2       0.80      2.3       0.12      0.8       0.55      2.1  
      Sick.....................................     0.26      0.7       0.13      0.3       0.32      0.8       0.29      0.9       0.22      0.8       0.55      1.0       0.52      1.1       0.32      0.8       0.41      1.2       0.05      0.4       0.20      0.8  
      Personal.................................     0.10      0.3       0.09      0.2       0.11      0.3       0.14      0.4       0.09      0.3       0.56      1.0       0.25      0.5       0.17      0.4       0.17      0.5       0.03      0.2       0.11      0.4  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Supplemental pay...........................     1.48      3.8       1.04      2.7       1.65      4.1       1.11      3.5       0.71      2.6       2.36      4.3       3.51      7.5       2.00      5.0       0.64      1.8       0.14      1.0       0.36      1.4  
      Overtime and premium(3)..................     0.58      1.5       0.62      1.6       0.55      1.4       0.20      0.6       0.28      1.0       0.25      0.5       0.19      0.4       0.22      0.5       0.19      0.5       0.07      0.5       0.15      0.6  
      Shift differentials......................     0.08      0.2       0.02     (4)        0.12      0.3       0.06      0.2       0.02      0.1       0.03      0.1      (5)       (4)       (5)       (4)        0.19      0.5      (5)       (4)        0.02      0.1  
      Nonproduction bonuses....................     0.82      2.1       0.40      1.0       0.98      2.5       0.85      2.7       0.41      1.5       2.07      3.8       3.30      7.1       1.78      4.4       0.27      0.8       0.06      0.4       0.20      0.8  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Insurance..................................     3.68      9.3       3.03      7.8       3.99     10.1       2.45      7.7       2.28      8.3       5.29      9.7       3.90      8.3       2.50      6.2       3.03      8.6       0.74      5.2       2.01      7.5  
      Life.....................................     0.06      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.07      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.07      0.1       0.06      0.1       0.05      0.1       0.04      0.1      (5)       (4)        0.04      0.1  
      Health...................................     3.49      8.8       2.91      7.5       3.77      9.5       2.30      7.2       2.15      7.8       4.87      9.0       3.64      7.8       2.32      5.7       2.88      8.2       0.71      5.0       1.92      7.2  
      Short-term disability....................     0.08      0.2       0.05      0.1       0.09      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.04      0.2       0.25      0.5       0.13      0.3       0.06      0.2       0.05      0.1      (5)       (4)        0.03      0.1  
      Long-term disability.....................     0.06      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.06      0.1       0.05      0.1       0.05      0.2       0.09      0.2       0.06      0.1       0.06      0.1       0.05      0.2      (5)       (4)        0.02      0.1  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Retirement and savings.....................     2.17      5.5       2.09      5.4       2.16      5.5       1.17      3.7       1.09      4.0       2.43      4.5       1.86      4.0       1.28      3.2       1.47      4.2       0.19      1.4       1.11      4.1  
      Defined benefit..........................     1.18      3.0       1.29      3.3       1.09      2.7       0.47      1.5       0.51      1.9       0.91      1.7       0.58      1.2       0.54      1.3       0.52      1.5       0.09      0.7       0.61      2.3  
      Defined contribution.....................     0.99      2.5       0.80      2.1       1.07      2.7       0.70      2.2       0.57      2.1       1.51      2.8       1.27      2.7       0.74      1.8       0.95      2.7       0.10      0.7       0.49      1.8  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Legally required benefits..................     3.30      8.4       3.90     10.1       3.00      7.6       2.45      7.7       2.32      8.5       3.58      6.6       2.95      6.3       2.99      7.4       2.54      7.3       1.50     10.6       2.24      8.4  
      Social Security and Medicare.............     2.22      5.6       2.23      5.8       2.22      5.6       1.86      5.8       1.60      5.8       3.07      5.7       2.53      5.4       2.34      5.8       2.04      5.8       0.99      7.0       1.60      6.0  
        Social Security(6).....................     1.79      4.5       1.80      4.7       1.78      4.5       1.49      4.7       1.28      4.7       2.46      4.5       1.99      4.2       1.85      4.6       1.64      4.7       0.80      5.7       1.29      4.8  
        Medicare...............................     0.43      1.1       0.43      1.1       0.44      1.1       0.37      1.2       0.31      1.1       0.62      1.1       0.55      1.2       0.48      1.2       0.40      1.2       0.19      1.3       0.31      1.2  
      Federal unemployment insurance...........     0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.05      0.4       0.03      0.1  
      State unemployment insurance.............     0.23      0.6       0.33      0.8       0.19      0.5       0.17      0.5       0.15      0.5       0.17      0.3       0.17      0.4       0.21      0.5       0.16      0.5       0.15      1.1       0.16      0.6  
      Workers' compensation....................     0.81      2.1       1.31      3.4       0.56      1.4       0.39      1.2       0.54      2.0       0.30      0.6       0.22      0.5       0.41      1.0       0.31      0.9       0.31      2.2       0.44      1.6  

  1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
  2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste
services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
  3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
  4 Less than .05 percent.
  5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  6 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by Census region and division, March 2017
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                   Census region and division(1)                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                     Northeast                Northeast divisions                  South                              South divisions                             Midwest                  Midwest divisions                    West                     West divisions            
                 Compensation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                   component                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                        New England       Middle Atlantic                          South Atlantic    East South Central  West South Central                      East North Central  West North Central                           Mountain            Pacific      
                                                   Cost    Percent                                             Cost    Percent                                                                 Cost    Percent                                             Cost    Percent                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                       Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent                         Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent                         Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent                         Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
Total compensation.............................   $41.19    100.0     $40.10    100.0     $41.55    100.0     $29.84    100.0     $31.04    100.0     $25.42    100.0     $30.07    100.0      30.51    100.0      30.80    100.0      29.86    100.0      34.35    100.0      29.36    100.0      36.78    100.0  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  Wages and salaries...........................    27.47     66.7      28.23     70.4      27.21     65.5      21.18     71.0      21.88     70.5      18.04     71.0      21.60     71.8      21.26     69.7      21.39     69.4      20.97     70.2      24.27     70.7      21.22     72.3      25.75     70.0  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  Total benefits...............................    13.72     33.3      11.87     29.6      14.34     34.5       8.66     29.0       9.16     29.5       7.38     29.0       8.47     28.2       9.25     30.3       9.41     30.6       8.90     29.8      10.08     29.3       8.13     27.7      11.02     30.0  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Paid leave.................................     3.06      7.4       2.97      7.4       3.10      7.5       2.04      6.8       2.23      7.2       1.66      6.5       1.92      6.4       2.09      6.9       2.12      6.9       2.02      6.8       2.29      6.7       1.83      6.2       2.51      6.8  
      Vacation.................................     1.56      3.8       1.55      3.9       1.56      3.8       1.04      3.5       1.14      3.7       0.84      3.3       0.96      3.2       1.14      3.7       1.16      3.8       1.10      3.7       1.16      3.4       0.95      3.2       1.26      3.4  
      Holiday..................................     0.90      2.2       0.88      2.2       0.91      2.2       0.63      2.1       0.66      2.1       0.55      2.1       0.62      2.0       0.62      2.0       0.63      2.0       0.58      2.0       0.71      2.1       0.54      1.8       0.80      2.2  
      Sick.....................................     0.41      1.0       0.37      0.9       0.43      1.0       0.24      0.8       0.27      0.9       0.19      0.7       0.22      0.7       0.22      0.7       0.22      0.7       0.22      0.8       0.31      0.9       0.23      0.8       0.35      1.0  
      Personal.................................     0.19      0.5       0.18      0.4       0.20      0.5       0.14      0.5       0.16      0.5       0.09      0.3       0.12      0.4       0.11      0.4       0.11      0.4       0.12      0.4       0.11      0.3       0.11      0.4       0.11      0.3  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Supplemental pay...........................     2.51      6.1       1.13      2.8       2.97      7.1       0.87      2.9       0.83      2.7       0.65      2.6       1.05      3.5       0.85      2.8       0.88      2.9       0.78      2.6       0.88      2.5       0.77      2.6       0.93      2.5  
      Overtime and premium(2)..................     0.25      0.6       0.26      0.6       0.25      0.6       0.29      1.0       0.24      0.8       0.30      1.2       0.36      1.2       0.27      0.9       0.29      0.9       0.23      0.8       0.23      0.7       0.22      0.7       0.23      0.6  
      Shift differentials......................     0.08      0.2       0.11      0.3       0.07      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.08      0.3       0.04      0.1       0.05      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.07      0.2       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1  
      Nonproduction bonuses....................     2.18      5.3       0.77      1.9       2.65      6.4       0.52      1.7       0.51      1.7       0.31      1.2       0.64      2.1       0.51      1.7       0.53      1.7       0.48      1.6       0.61      1.8       0.52      1.8       0.66      1.8  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Insurance..................................     3.34      8.1       3.25      8.1       3.37      8.1       2.32      7.8       2.47      8.0       2.24      8.8       2.10      7.0       2.66      8.7       2.75      8.9       2.47      8.3       2.61      7.6       2.14      7.3       2.84      7.7  
      Life.....................................     0.05      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.05      0.1       0.05      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1  
      Health...................................     3.14      7.6       3.06      7.6       3.16      7.6       2.17      7.3       2.31      7.4       2.12      8.4       1.97      6.6       2.51      8.2       2.59      8.4       2.33      7.8       2.49      7.3       2.02      6.9       2.72      7.4  
      Short-term disability....................     0.10      0.2       0.09      0.2       0.10      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.06      0.2       0.07      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1  
      Long-term disability.....................     0.06      0.1       0.06      0.1       0.06      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.05      0.2       0.04      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.05      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Retirement and savings.....................     1.71      4.1       1.55      3.9       1.76      4.2       1.16      3.9       1.29      4.2       0.86      3.4       1.10      3.7       1.22      4.0       1.22      4.0       1.22      4.1       1.43      4.2       1.04      3.6       1.62      4.4  
      Defined benefit..........................     0.77      1.9       0.60      1.5       0.83      2.0       0.52      1.7       0.59      1.9       0.36      1.4       0.48      1.6       0.48      1.6       0.53      1.7       0.35      1.2       0.68      2.0       0.32      1.1       0.86      2.3  
      Defined contribution.....................     0.94      2.3       0.96      2.4       0.93      2.2       0.65      2.2       0.71      2.3       0.50      2.0       0.62      2.1       0.74      2.4       0.68      2.2       0.87      2.9       0.75      2.2       0.72      2.5       0.76      2.1  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Legally required benefits..................     3.10      7.5       2.96      7.4       3.15      7.6       2.27      7.6       2.33      7.5       1.98      7.8       2.31      7.7       2.43      8.0       2.44      7.9       2.40      8.0       2.87      8.4       2.35      8.0       3.13      8.5  
      Social Security and Medicare.............     2.24      5.4       2.28      5.7       2.22      5.4       1.78      6.0       1.84      5.9       1.53      6.0       1.80      6.0       1.82      6.0       1.82      5.9       1.81      6.1       2.00      5.8       1.79      6.1       2.10      5.7  
        Social Security(3).....................     1.76      4.3       1.82      4.5       1.74      4.2       1.43      4.8       1.48      4.8       1.24      4.9       1.45      4.8       1.47      4.8       1.47      4.8       1.46      4.9       1.60      4.7       1.44      4.9       1.68      4.6  
        Medicare...............................     0.48      1.2       0.47      1.2       0.48      1.2       0.35      1.2       0.36      1.2       0.29      1.2       0.35      1.2       0.35      1.2       0.35      1.1       0.35      1.2       0.40      1.2       0.34      1.2       0.42      1.1  
      Federal unemployment insurance...........     0.02      0.1       0.02      0.1       0.02      0.1       0.02      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.02      0.1       0.02      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.07      0.2       0.03      0.1       0.09      0.2  
      State unemployment insurance.............     0.29      0.7       0.26      0.6       0.30      0.7       0.10      0.3       0.11      0.3       0.08      0.3       0.11      0.4       0.17      0.6       0.19      0.6       0.15      0.5       0.21      0.6       0.15      0.5       0.23      0.6  
      Workers' compensation....................     0.55      1.3       0.40      1.0       0.60      1.4       0.36      1.2       0.36      1.1       0.34      1.3       0.37      1.2       0.41      1.4       0.41      1.3       0.42      1.4       0.60      1.8       0.39      1.3       0.70      1.9  

  1 The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
  2 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
  3 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by establishment employment
size, March 2017
                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                        1-99 workers                                            100 workers or more                    
                                                                                                                                                                       
                 Compensation                                                                                                                                          
                   component                        1-99 workers        1-49 workers       50-99 workers    100 workers or more   100-499 workers   500 workers or more
                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                   Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                       
Total compensation.............................   $28.16    100.0     $27.34    100.0     $30.57    100.0     $39.05    100.0     $32.74    100.0     $48.70    100.0  
                                                                                                                                                                       
  Wages and salaries...........................    20.38     72.4      20.07     73.4      21.32     69.7      26.26     67.2      22.66     69.2      31.75     65.2  
                                                                                                                                                                       
  Total benefits...............................     7.77     27.6       7.28     26.6       9.25     30.3      12.79     32.8      10.07     30.8      16.95     34.8  
                                                                                                                                                                       
    Paid leave.................................     1.65      5.9       1.55      5.7       1.96      6.4       3.07      7.9       2.34      7.1       4.20      8.6  
      Vacation.................................     0.84      3.0       0.79      2.9       1.01      3.3       1.60      4.1       1.22      3.7       2.17      4.5  
      Holiday..................................     0.52      1.9       0.50      1.8       0.60      2.0       0.90      2.3       0.71      2.2       1.20      2.5  
      Sick.....................................     0.20      0.7       0.19      0.7       0.25      0.8       0.38      1.0       0.26      0.8       0.57      1.2  
      Personal.................................     0.09      0.3       0.08      0.3       0.10      0.3       0.19      0.5       0.15      0.5       0.26      0.5  
                                                                                                                                                                       
    Supplemental pay...........................     1.03      3.7       0.95      3.5       1.29      4.2       1.34      3.4       0.94      2.9       1.94      4.0  
      Overtime and premium(1)..................     0.20      0.7       0.18      0.7       0.24      0.8       0.35      0.9       0.32      1.0       0.38      0.8  
      Shift differentials......................    (2)       (3)       (2)       (3)        0.03      0.1       0.12      0.3       0.06      0.2       0.19      0.4  
      Nonproduction bonuses....................     0.83      2.9       0.76      2.8       1.01      3.3       0.87      2.2       0.56      1.7       1.36      2.8  
                                                                                                                                                                       
    Insurance..................................     1.89      6.7       1.74      6.4       2.34      7.6       3.57      9.1       2.87      8.8       4.64      9.5  
      Life.....................................     0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.06      0.1       0.05      0.1       0.07      0.1  
      Health...................................     1.80      6.4       1.65      6.1       2.21      7.2       3.35      8.6       2.70      8.3       4.35      8.9  
      Short-term disability....................     0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.09      0.2       0.07      0.2       0.12      0.2  
      Long-term disability.....................     0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.07      0.2       0.05      0.1       0.10      0.2  
                                                                                                                                                                       
    Retirement and savings.....................     0.83      2.9       0.68      2.5       1.26      4.1       1.95      5.0       1.34      4.1       2.87      5.9  
      Defined benefit..........................     0.32      1.1       0.24      0.9       0.56      1.8       0.91      2.3       0.59      1.8       1.40      2.9  
      Defined contribution.....................     0.50      1.8       0.44      1.6       0.70      2.3       1.04      2.7       0.75      2.3       1.47      3.0  
                                                                                                                                                                       
    Legally required benefits..................     2.37      8.4       2.36      8.6       2.41      7.9       2.87      7.3       2.58      7.9       3.31      6.8  
      Social Security and Medicare.............     1.67      5.9       1.65      6.0       1.73      5.7       2.22      5.7       1.91      5.8       2.70      5.5  
        Social Security(4).....................     1.34      4.7       1.32      4.8       1.37      4.5       1.78      4.6       1.53      4.7       2.16      4.4  
        Medicare...............................     0.34      1.2       0.33      1.2       0.36      1.2       0.44      1.1       0.37      1.1       0.54      1.1  
      Federal unemployment insurance...........     0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1  
      State unemployment insurance.............     0.18      0.6       0.18      0.7       0.17      0.6       0.17      0.4       0.19      0.6       0.15      0.3  
      Workers' compensation....................     0.48      1.7       0.48      1.8       0.48      1.6       0.44      1.1       0.45      1.4       0.43      0.9  

  1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.
  4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 9.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private
industry workers, goods-producing and service-providing industries, by occupational group, March 2017
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                            Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                             
                                                        Total    Wages                                                       
                       Series                          compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                       sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                                   leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                             savings         
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                      
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                      
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
All workers in private industry......................  $33.11   $23.06   $10.06    $2.30    $1.17    $2.65    $1.34    $2.60 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   58.62    40.26    18.36     4.97     2.61     4.22     2.73     3.83 
        Management, business, and financial..........   70.84    47.46    23.38     6.29     5.04     4.63     3.09     4.34 
        Professional and related.....................   52.35    36.57    15.78     4.29     1.36     4.02     2.55     3.57 
      Sales and office...............................   24.55    17.58     6.97     1.58     0.62     2.17     0.71     1.89 
        Sales and related............................   24.04    18.02     6.01     1.39     0.63     1.53     0.60     1.87 
        Office and administrative support............   24.90    17.28     7.62     1.71     0.62     2.60     0.79     1.90 
      Service........................................   15.38    11.75     3.63     0.58     0.25     0.93     0.26     1.62 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   35.19    23.81    11.37     1.80     1.05     3.16     1.92     3.44 
        Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,                                                                          
         and forestry(1).............................   36.82    24.73    12.09     1.41     1.02     3.16     2.50     4.00 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair........   33.69    22.98    10.72     2.14     1.09     3.17     1.39     2.92 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   27.71    18.40     9.31     1.65     1.00     2.88     1.19     2.59 
        Production...................................   26.91    18.02     8.89     1.62     1.13     2.85     0.91     2.38 
        Transportation and material moving...........   28.50    18.77     9.72     1.67     0.87     2.92     1.46     2.81 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, goods-producing industries(2).......   39.42    26.22    13.20     2.57     1.48     3.68     2.17     3.30 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   70.55    47.21    23.34     6.10     2.52     5.24     4.88     4.60 
      Sales and office...............................   33.58    23.20    10.38     2.36     1.02     3.20     1.18     2.61 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   37.33    24.86    12.48     1.56     1.21     3.41     2.45     3.85 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   28.70    18.71     9.99     1.74     1.31     3.34     1.04     2.56 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, service-providing industries(3).....   31.83    22.41     9.42     2.24     1.11     2.45     1.17     2.45 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   57.00    39.32    17.68     4.81     2.62     4.08     2.44     3.72 
      Sales and office...............................   23.95    17.21     6.75     1.53     0.60     2.10     0.68     1.84 
      Service........................................   15.35    11.73     3.61     0.57     0.24     0.93     0.25     1.61 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   32.51    22.51     9.99     2.08     0.86     2.85     1.26     2.93 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   26.97    18.17     8.80     1.58     0.76     2.54     1.30     2.62 
                                                      
                                                                           Percent of total compensation
                                                      
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
All workers in private industry......................   100.0     69.6     30.4      6.9      3.5      8.0      4.0      7.8 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   100.0     68.7     31.3      8.5      4.4      7.2      4.7      6.5 
        Management, business, and financial..........   100.0     67.0     33.0      8.9      7.1      6.5      4.4      6.1 
        Professional and related.....................   100.0     69.9     30.1      8.2      2.6      7.7      4.9      6.8 
      Sales and office...............................   100.0     71.6     28.4      6.4      2.5      8.8      2.9      7.7 
        Sales and related............................   100.0     75.0     25.0      5.8      2.6      6.4      2.5      7.8 
        Office and administrative support............   100.0     69.4     30.6      6.8      2.5     10.5      3.2      7.6 
      Service........................................   100.0     76.4     23.6      3.8      1.6      6.1      1.7     10.5 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   100.0     67.7     32.3      5.1      3.0      9.0      5.5      9.8 
        Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,                                                                          
         and forestry(1).............................   100.0     67.2     32.8      3.8      2.8      8.6      6.8     10.9 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair........   100.0     68.2     31.8      6.4      3.2      9.4      4.1      8.7 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   100.0     66.4     33.6      5.9      3.6     10.4      4.3      9.4 
        Production...................................   100.0     67.0     33.0      6.0      4.2     10.6      3.4      8.8 
        Transportation and material moving...........   100.0     65.9     34.1      5.9      3.1     10.2      5.1      9.9 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, goods-producing industries(2).......   100.0     66.5     33.5      6.5      3.8      9.3      5.5      8.4 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   100.0     66.9     33.1      8.6      3.6      7.4      6.9      6.5 
      Sales and office...............................   100.0     69.1     30.9      7.0      3.0      9.5      3.5      7.8 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   100.0     66.6     33.4      4.2      3.2      9.1      6.6     10.3 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   100.0     65.2     34.8      6.1      4.6     11.6      3.6      8.9 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, service-providing industries(3).....   100.0     70.4     29.6      7.0      3.5      7.7      3.7      7.7 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   100.0     69.0     31.0      8.4      4.6      7.2      4.3      6.5 
      Sales and office...............................   100.0     71.8     28.2      6.4      2.5      8.8      2.9      7.7 
      Service........................................   100.0     76.5     23.5      3.7      1.6      6.1      1.7     10.5 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   100.0     69.3     30.7      6.4      2.7      8.8      3.9      9.0 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   100.0     67.4     32.6      5.9      2.8      9.4      4.8      9.7 

  1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
  2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
  3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and
recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 10.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private
industry workers, by industry group, March 2017
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                            Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                             
                                                        Total    Wages                                                       
                       Series                          compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                       sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                                   leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                             savings         
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                      
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                      
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, goods-producing industries(1).......  $39.42   $26.22   $13.20    $2.57    $1.48    $3.68    $2.17    $3.30 
                                                                                                                             
      Construction...................................   38.73    26.96    11.77     1.70     1.04     3.03     2.09     3.90 
      Manufacturing..................................   39.66    25.87    13.79     3.00     1.65     3.99     2.16     3.00 
        Aircraft manufacturing(2)....................   71.69    43.38    28.31     6.44     4.22     7.56     5.62     4.47 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, service-providing industries(3).....   31.83    22.41     9.42     2.24     1.11     2.45     1.17     2.45 
                                                                                                                             
      Trade, transportation, and utilities...........   27.44    19.31     8.14     1.73     0.71     2.28     1.09     2.32 
        Wholesale trade..............................   36.48    25.79    10.69     2.64     1.06     2.97     1.18     2.83 
        Retail trade.................................   18.95    14.35     4.60     0.91     0.37     1.26     0.40     1.65 
        Transportation and warehousing...............   39.87    25.58    14.29     2.86     1.19     4.18     2.47     3.59 
        Utilities....................................   61.76    36.98    24.78     5.34     2.50     6.32     6.28     4.34 
      Information....................................   54.36    35.71    18.64     5.00     2.36     5.29     2.43     3.58 
      Financial activities...........................   46.80    30.62    16.18     3.97     3.51     3.90     1.86     2.95 
        Finance and insurance........................   52.16    33.59    18.57     4.60     4.32     4.32     2.23     3.10 
          Credit intermediation and related                                                                                  
           activities................................   41.65    27.87    13.78     3.70     1.78     3.86     1.76     2.68 
          Insurance carriers and related activities..   47.76    31.65    16.11     4.21     2.18     4.36     2.33     3.03 
        Real estate and rental and leasing...........   30.16    21.40     8.76     2.02     0.98     2.57     0.69     2.50 
      Professional and business services.............   40.46    28.78    11.68     2.91     2.00     2.50     1.28     2.99 
        Professional and technical services..........   51.14    36.74    14.40     4.29     1.34     3.49     1.77     3.51 
        Administrative and waste services............   22.98    17.66     5.32     0.98     0.52     1.18     0.37     2.27 
      Education and health services..................   35.00    24.59    10.42     2.74     0.64     3.03     1.47     2.54 
        Educational services.........................   44.31    32.05    12.26     3.17     0.23     3.64     2.11     3.10 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and universities   54.27    38.08    16.19     4.48     0.33     4.85     2.99     3.55 
        Health care and social assistance............   33.46    23.35    10.11     2.67     0.71     2.93     1.36     2.45 
      Leisure and hospitality........................   14.14    11.16     2.98     0.41     0.14     0.74     0.19     1.50 
        Accommodation and food services..............   12.56    10.05     2.50     0.30     0.12     0.60     0.12     1.36 
      Other services.................................   26.71    19.36     7.34     1.62     0.36     2.01     1.11     2.24 
                                                      
                                                                           Percent of total compensation
                                                      
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, goods-producing industries(1).......   100.0     66.5     33.5      6.5      3.8      9.3      5.5      8.4 
                                                                                                                             
      Construction...................................   100.0     69.6     30.4      4.4      2.7      7.8      5.4     10.1 
      Manufacturing..................................   100.0     65.2     34.8      7.6      4.1     10.1      5.5      7.6 
        Aircraft manufacturing(2)....................   100.0     60.5     39.5      9.0      5.9     10.6      7.8      6.2 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, service-providing industries(3).....   100.0     70.4     29.6      7.0      3.5      7.7      3.7      7.7 
                                                                                                                             
      Trade, transportation, and utilities...........   100.0     70.4     29.6      6.3      2.6      8.3      4.0      8.5 
        Wholesale trade..............................   100.0     70.7     29.3      7.2      2.9      8.2      3.2      7.8 
        Retail trade.................................   100.0     75.7     24.3      4.8      2.0      6.6      2.1      8.7 
        Transportation and warehousing...............   100.0     64.2     35.8      7.2      3.0     10.5      6.2      9.0 
        Utilities....................................   100.0     59.9     40.1      8.6      4.1     10.2     10.2      7.0 
      Information....................................   100.0     65.7     34.3      9.2      4.3      9.7      4.5      6.6 
      Financial activities...........................   100.0     65.4     34.6      8.5      7.5      8.3      4.0      6.3 
        Finance and insurance........................   100.0     64.4     35.6      8.8      8.3      8.3      4.3      5.9 
          Credit intermediation and related                                                                                  
           activities................................   100.0     66.9     33.1      8.9      4.3      9.3      4.2      6.4 
          Insurance carriers and related activities..   100.0     66.3     33.7      8.8      4.6      9.1      4.9      6.3 
        Real estate and rental and leasing...........   100.0     70.9     29.1      6.7      3.3      8.5      2.3      8.3 
      Professional and business services.............   100.0     71.1     28.9      7.2      5.0      6.2      3.2      7.4 
        Professional and technical services..........   100.0     71.8     28.2      8.4      2.6      6.8      3.5      6.9 
        Administrative and waste services............   100.0     76.8     23.2      4.3      2.2      5.1      1.6      9.9 
      Education and health services..................   100.0     70.2     29.8      7.8      1.8      8.6      4.2      7.3 
        Educational services.........................   100.0     72.3     27.7      7.2      0.5      8.2      4.8      7.0 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and universities   100.0     70.2     29.8      8.2      0.6      8.9      5.5      6.5 
        Health care and social assistance............   100.0     69.8     30.2      8.0      2.1      8.7      4.1      7.3 
      Leisure and hospitality........................   100.0     78.9     21.1      2.9      1.0      5.2      1.4     10.6 
        Accommodation and food services..............   100.0     80.1     19.9      2.4      0.9      4.8      0.9     10.9 
      Other services.................................   100.0     72.5     27.5      6.1      1.4      7.5      4.1      8.4 

  1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
  2 Data are available beginning with December 2006.
  3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and
recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private
industry workers, by occupational group and full-time and part-time status, March 2017
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                            Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                             
                                                        Total    Wages                                                       
                       Series                          compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                       sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                                   leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                             savings         
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                      
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                      
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
  All full-time workers in private industry..........  $38.96   $26.50   $12.46    $2.96    $1.52    $3.38    $1.69    $2.90 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   61.17    41.48    19.69     5.39     2.88     4.58     2.94     3.90 
        Management, business, and financial..........   71.37    47.70    23.67     6.37     5.13     4.68     3.14     4.35 
        Professional and related.....................   54.92    37.66    17.25     4.78     1.50     4.52     2.83     3.63 
      Sales and office...............................   29.32    20.40     8.92     2.14     0.83     2.88     0.94     2.13 
        Sales and related............................   34.33    24.89     9.44     2.43     1.05     2.50     1.02     2.44 
        Office and administrative support............   27.10    18.41     8.69     2.01     0.73     3.04     0.91     1.99 
      Service........................................   18.97    13.56     5.40     1.06     0.41     1.70     0.45     1.78 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   36.00    24.19    11.81     1.89     1.11     3.33     2.00     3.49 
        Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,                                                                          
         and forestry(1).............................   37.67    25.12    12.54     1.49     1.08     3.31     2.60     4.06 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair........   34.49    23.34    11.15     2.25     1.13     3.34     1.46     2.97 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   29.86    19.64    10.22     1.89     1.14     3.23     1.26     2.69 
        Production...................................   28.05    18.57     9.48     1.75     1.21     3.10     0.99     2.43 
        Transportation and material moving...........   32.03    20.91    11.11     2.06     1.06     3.40     1.58     3.01 
                                                                                                                             
  All part-time workers in private industry..........   17.23    13.69     3.54     0.50     0.23     0.68     0.37     1.76 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   40.69    31.72     8.97     2.00     0.70     1.71     1.25     3.31 
        Professional and related.....................   40.51    31.52     8.98     2.00     0.70     1.71     1.29     3.29 
      Sales and office...............................   14.29    11.52     2.78     0.37     0.18     0.64     0.22     1.36 
        Sales and related............................   12.89    10.59     2.31     0.26     0.17     0.47     0.15     1.25 
        Office and administrative support............   16.49    12.97     3.52     0.54     0.19     0.91     0.33     1.55 
      Service........................................   12.36    10.23     2.14     0.17     0.11     0.29     0.09     1.47 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   17.52    12.54     4.98     0.49     0.30     1.21     0.84     2.14 
        Transportation and material moving...........   18.37    12.63     5.74     0.56     0.33     1.52     1.09     2.23 
                                                      
                                                                           Percent of total compensation
                                                      
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
  All full-time workers in private industry..........   100.0     68.0     32.0      7.6      3.9      8.7      4.3      7.5 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   100.0     67.8     32.2      8.8      4.7      7.5      4.8      6.4 
        Management, business, and financial..........   100.0     66.8     33.2      8.9      7.2      6.6      4.4      6.1 
        Professional and related.....................   100.0     68.6     31.4      8.7      2.7      8.2      5.1      6.6 
      Sales and office...............................   100.0     69.6     30.4      7.3      2.8      9.8      3.2      7.3 
        Sales and related............................   100.0     72.5     27.5      7.1      3.1      7.3      3.0      7.1 
        Office and administrative support............   100.0     67.9     32.1      7.4      2.7     11.2      3.4      7.3 
      Service........................................   100.0     71.5     28.5      5.6      2.2      9.0      2.4      9.4 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   100.0     67.2     32.8      5.2      3.1      9.2      5.6      9.7 
        Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,                                                                          
         and forestry(1).............................   100.0     66.7     33.3      3.9      2.9      8.8      6.9     10.8 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair........   100.0     67.7     32.3      6.5      3.3      9.7      4.2      8.6 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   100.0     65.8     34.2      6.3      3.8     10.8      4.2      9.0 
        Production...................................   100.0     66.2     33.8      6.2      4.3     11.0      3.5      8.6 
        Transportation and material moving...........   100.0     65.3     34.7      6.4      3.3     10.6      4.9      9.4 
                                                                                                                             
  All part-time workers in private industry..........   100.0     79.5     20.5      2.9      1.3      3.9      2.1     10.2 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   100.0     78.0     22.0      4.9      1.7      4.2      3.1      8.1 
        Professional and related.....................   100.0     77.8     22.2      4.9      1.7      4.2      3.2      8.1 
      Sales and office...............................   100.0     80.6     19.4      2.6      1.2      4.5      1.6      9.5 
        Sales and related............................   100.0     82.1     17.9      2.0      1.3      3.7      1.2      9.7 
        Office and administrative support............   100.0     78.7     21.3      3.3      1.2      5.5      2.0      9.4 
      Service........................................   100.0     82.7     17.3      1.4      0.9      2.3      0.8     11.9 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   100.0     71.6     28.4      2.8      1.7      6.9      4.8     12.2 
        Transportation and material moving...........   100.0     68.8     31.2      3.0      1.8      8.3      5.9     12.1 

  1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
private industry workers, by industry group and full-time and part-time status, March 2017
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                      Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Wages                                                       
                    Series                       compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                 sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                             leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                       savings         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                                
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
  All full-time workers in private industry....  $38.96   $26.50   $12.46    $2.96    $1.52    $3.38    $1.69    $2.90 
                                                                                                                       
    Goods-producing(1).........................   40.01    26.50    13.51     2.65     1.52     3.79     2.23     3.32 
      Construction.............................   39.79    27.50    12.29     1.81     1.09     3.21     2.22     3.95 
      Manufacturing............................   40.04    26.06    13.97     3.04     1.67     4.05     2.20     3.02 
                                                                                                                       
    Service-providing(2).......................   38.65    26.50    12.15     3.05     1.52     3.26     1.54     2.78 
      Trade, transportation, and utilities.....   34.61    23.80    10.81     2.49     1.00     3.09     1.46     2.77 
      Information..............................   56.98    37.25    19.73     5.30     2.50     5.63     2.58     3.72 
      Financial activities.....................   49.53    32.21    17.31     4.29     3.83     4.15     1.99     3.06 
      Professional and business services.......   44.34    30.99    13.34     3.44     2.33     2.93     1.49     3.16 
      Education and health services............   37.80    25.87    11.93     3.22     0.72     3.66     1.73     2.59 
      Leisure and hospitality..................   19.22    14.05     5.17     1.00     0.30     1.70     0.45     1.72 
      Other services...........................   32.03    22.61     9.42     2.31     0.50     2.75     1.32     2.53 
                                                                                                                       
  All part-time workers in private industry....   17.23    13.69     3.54     0.50     0.23     0.68     0.37     1.76 
                                                                                                                       
    Service-providing(2).......................   17.11    13.59     3.52     0.50     0.22     0.68     0.37     1.74 
      Trade, transportation, and utilities.....   14.72    11.33     3.39     0.39     0.21     0.84     0.42     1.53 
      Professional and business services.......   22.05    18.28     3.78     0.39     0.44     0.45     0.29     2.20 
      Education and health services............   27.36    21.08     6.28     1.43     0.42     1.29     0.74     2.41 
      Leisure and hospitality..................   11.14     9.45     1.69     0.06     0.04     0.17     0.04     1.37 
                                                
                                                                     Percent of total compensation
                                                
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
  All full-time workers in private industry....   100.0     68.0     32.0      7.6      3.9      8.7      4.3      7.5 
                                                                                                                       
    Goods-producing(1).........................   100.0     66.2     33.8      6.6      3.8      9.5      5.6      8.3 
      Construction.............................   100.0     69.1     30.9      4.5      2.7      8.1      5.6      9.9 
      Manufacturing............................   100.0     65.1     34.9      7.6      4.2     10.1      5.5      7.5 
                                                                                                                       
    Service-providing(2).......................   100.0     68.6     31.4      7.9      3.9      8.4      4.0      7.2 
      Trade, transportation, and utilities.....   100.0     68.8     31.2      7.2      2.9      8.9      4.2      8.0 
      Information..............................   100.0     65.4     34.6      9.3      4.4      9.9      4.5      6.5 
      Financial activities.....................   100.0     65.0     35.0      8.7      7.7      8.4      4.0      6.2 
      Professional and business services.......   100.0     69.9     30.1      7.8      5.3      6.6      3.4      7.1 
      Education and health services............   100.0     68.4     31.6      8.5      1.9      9.7      4.6      6.9 
      Leisure and hospitality..................   100.0     73.1     26.9      5.2      1.5      8.8      2.4      8.9 
      Other services...........................   100.0     70.6     29.4      7.2      1.6      8.6      4.1      7.9 
                                                                                                                       
  All part-time workers in private industry....   100.0     79.5     20.5      2.9      1.3      3.9      2.1     10.2 
                                                                                                                       
    Service-providing(2).......................   100.0     79.5     20.5      2.9      1.3      4.0      2.2     10.2 
      Trade, transportation, and utilities.....   100.0     77.0     23.0      2.6      1.5      5.7      2.9     10.4 
      Professional and business services.......   100.0     82.9     17.1      1.8      2.0      2.1      1.3     10.0 
      Education and health services............   100.0     77.0     23.0      5.2      1.5      4.7      2.7      8.8 
      Leisure and hospitality..................   100.0     84.8     15.2      0.6      0.4      1.5      0.4     12.3 

  1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is
excluded.
  2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and
enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
private industry workers, by major industry group and establishment employment size and bargaining unit status, March
2017
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                      Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Wages                                                       
                    Series                       compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                 sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                             leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                       savings         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                                
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
    All workers, goods-producing industries(1)   $39.42   $26.22   $13.20    $2.57    $1.48    $3.68    $2.17    $3.30 
                                                                                                                       
    1-99 workers...............................   33.09    23.39     9.70     1.69     0.93     2.62     1.24     3.22 
      1-49 workers.............................   32.15    23.11     9.05     1.54     0.86     2.30     1.14     3.20 
      50-99 workers............................   35.62    24.14    11.48     2.07     1.14     3.49     1.51     3.27 
    100 workers or more........................   44.75    28.60    16.15     3.32     1.94     4.58     2.95     3.37 
      100-499 workers..........................   39.15    25.62    13.53     2.66     1.44     4.14     2.06     3.24 
      500 workers or more......................   53.31    33.15    20.16     4.33     2.70     5.24     4.31     3.57 
                                                                                                                       
    Union......................................   48.76    28.30    20.46     2.57     1.88     6.93     4.94     4.14 
    Nonunion...................................   37.68    25.83    11.85     2.57     1.40     3.08     1.65     3.14 
                                                                                                                       
    All workers, service-providing                                                                                     
     industries(2).............................   31.83    22.41     9.42     2.24     1.11     2.45     1.17     2.45 
                                                                                                                       
    1-99 workers...............................   27.34    19.89     7.46     1.65     1.05     1.77     0.76     2.23 
      1-49 workers.............................   26.57    19.58     6.99     1.55     0.97     1.65     0.61     2.22 
      50-99 workers............................   29.67    20.81     8.86     1.94     1.31     2.13     1.22     2.26 
    100 workers or more........................   37.61    25.67    11.95     3.01     1.18     3.31     1.70     2.74 
      100-499 workers..........................   31.12    21.92     9.20     2.26     0.82     2.55     1.16     2.41 
      500 workers or more......................   47.54    31.40    16.14     4.16     1.74     4.49     2.51     3.24 
                                                                                                                       
    Union......................................   49.02    29.79    19.24     3.91     1.25     6.26     4.26     3.55 
    Nonunion...................................   30.45    21.82     8.63     2.11     1.10     2.14     0.92     2.37 
                                                
                                                                     Percent of total compensation
                                                
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
    All workers, goods-producing industries(1)    100.0     66.5     33.5      6.5      3.8      9.3      5.5      8.4 
                                                                                                                       
    1-99 workers...............................   100.0     70.7     29.3      5.1      2.8      7.9      3.8      9.7 
      1-49 workers.............................   100.0     71.9     28.1      4.8      2.7      7.2      3.6      9.9 
      50-99 workers............................   100.0     67.8     32.2      5.8      3.2      9.8      4.2      9.2 
    100 workers or more........................   100.0     63.9     36.1      7.4      4.3     10.2      6.6      7.5 
      100-499 workers..........................   100.0     65.4     34.6      6.8      3.7     10.6      5.3      8.3 
      500 workers or more......................   100.0     62.2     37.8      8.1      5.1      9.8      8.1      6.7 
                                                                                                                       
    Union......................................   100.0     58.0     42.0      5.3      3.9     14.2     10.1      8.5 
    Nonunion...................................   100.0     68.5     31.5      6.8      3.7      8.2      4.4      8.3 
                                                                                                                       
    All workers, service-providing                                                                                     
     industries(2).............................   100.0     70.4     29.6      7.0      3.5      7.7      3.7      7.7 
                                                                                                                       
    1-99 workers...............................   100.0     72.7     27.3      6.0      3.8      6.5      2.8      8.2 
      1-49 workers.............................   100.0     73.7     26.3      5.8      3.6      6.2      2.3      8.4 
      50-99 workers............................   100.0     70.2     29.8      6.5      4.4      7.2      4.1      7.6 
    100 workers or more........................   100.0     68.2     31.8      8.0      3.1      8.8      4.5      7.3 
      100-499 workers..........................   100.0     70.4     29.6      7.3      2.6      8.2      3.7      7.8 
      500 workers or more......................   100.0     66.0     34.0      8.8      3.7      9.4      5.3      6.8 
                                                                                                                       
    Union......................................   100.0     60.8     39.2      8.0      2.6     12.8      8.7      7.3 
    Nonunion...................................   100.0     71.7     28.3      6.9      3.6      7.0      3.0      7.8 

  1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is
excluded.
  2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and
enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
private industry health care and social assistance workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2017
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                      Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Wages                                                       
                    Series                       compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                 sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                             leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                       savings         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                                
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
  Health care and social assistance............  $33.46   $23.35   $10.11    $2.67    $0.71    $2.93    $1.36    $2.45 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   47.48    32.91    14.56     4.13     1.01     3.87     2.33     3.22 
        Registered nurses......................   53.29    35.85    17.43     4.80     1.74     4.57     2.60     3.72 
      Sales and office.........................   23.32    16.06     7.25     1.70     0.35     2.90     0.59     1.72 
      Service..................................   18.98    13.64     5.34     1.11     0.46     1.67     0.39     1.71 
                                                                                                                       
    Hospitals..................................   45.69    30.03    15.66     4.22     1.57     4.64     2.11     3.12 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   55.02    36.48    18.54     5.28     1.85     5.09     2.62     3.70 
        Registered nurses......................   57.45    37.76    19.69     5.41     2.21     5.27     2.88     3.92 
      Service..................................   24.23    15.36     8.88     1.72     1.13     3.24     0.96     1.83 
                                                                                                                       
    Nursing and residential care facilities....   22.80    16.47     6.34     1.51     0.50     1.98     0.35     2.00 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   34.95    25.61     9.34     2.47     0.71     2.72     0.67     2.78 
      Service..................................   17.30    12.36     4.94     1.04     0.43     1.61     0.22     1.65 
                                                                                                                       
      Nursing care facilities(1)...............   25.52    18.32     7.20     1.74     0.61     2.23     0.50     2.12 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   39.25    28.70    10.55     2.84     0.85     2.95     0.87     3.05 
      Service..................................   18.47    13.00     5.47     1.14     0.51     1.84     0.32     1.65 
                                                
                                                                     Percent of total compensation
                                                
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
  Health care and social assistance............   100.0     69.8     30.2      8.0      2.1      8.7      4.1      7.3 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     69.3     30.7      8.7      2.1      8.1      4.9      6.8 
        Registered nurses......................   100.0     67.3     32.7      9.0      3.3      8.6      4.9      7.0 
      Sales and office.........................   100.0     68.9     31.1      7.3      1.5     12.4      2.5      7.4 
      Service..................................   100.0     71.9     28.1      5.9      2.4      8.8      2.0      9.0 
                                                                                                                       
    Hospitals..................................   100.0     65.7     34.3      9.2      3.4     10.2      4.6      6.8 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     66.3     33.7      9.6      3.4      9.2      4.8      6.7 
        Registered nurses......................   100.0     65.7     34.3      9.4      3.9      9.2      5.0      6.8 
      Service..................................   100.0     63.4     36.6      7.1      4.7     13.4      4.0      7.6 
                                                                                                                       
    Nursing and residential care facilities....   100.0     72.2     27.8      6.6      2.2      8.7      1.5      8.8 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     73.3     26.7      7.1      2.0      7.8      1.9      8.0 
      Service..................................   100.0     71.4     28.6      6.0      2.5      9.3      1.3      9.5 
                                                                                                                       
      Nursing care facilities(1)...............   100.0     71.8     28.2      6.8      2.4      8.7      2.0      8.3 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     73.1     26.9      7.2      2.2      7.5      2.2      7.8 
      Service..................................   100.0     70.4     29.6      6.2      2.8     10.0      1.7      8.9 

  1 Data are available beginning with December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.


Table 15. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total
compensation: private industry workers, by Census region and selected metropolitan area,(1) March
2017
                                                                                                     
                                                                                                     
                                                      Total           Wages and       Total benefits 
                                                   compensation        salaries                      
      Census region and metropolitan area                                                            
                                                                                                     
                                                  Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                     
                                                                                                     
                                                                                                     
Northeast                                                                                            
                                                                                                     
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH CSA.........  $43.94    100.0   $30.83     70.2   $13.11     29.8 
                                                                                                     
New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA....   46.10    100.0    30.48     66.1    15.62     33.9 
                                                                                                     
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA..   35.79    100.0    24.73     69.1    11.06     30.9 
                                                                                                     
South                                                                                                
                                                                                                     
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL CSA...   34.39    100.0    24.13     70.2    10.26     29.8 
                                                                                                     
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CSA......................   30.13    100.0    22.10     73.4     8.02     26.6 
                                                                                                     
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX CSA.............   35.12    100.0    24.63     70.1    10.49     29.9 
                                                                                                     
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA....   28.20    100.0    20.35     72.2     7.85     27.8 
                                                                                                     
Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia,                                                              
 DC-MD-VA-WV CSA...............................   38.83    100.0    27.18     70.0    11.66     30.0 
                                                                                                     
Midwest                                                                                              
                                                                                                     
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI CSA    36.29    100.0    25.17     69.4    11.12     30.6 
                                                                                                     
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI CSA...................   36.75    100.0    25.31     68.9    11.44     31.1 
                                                                                                     
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI CSA......   35.42    100.0    25.15     71.0    10.27     29.0 
                                                                                                     
West                                                                                                 
                                                                                                     
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA.......   35.70    100.0    25.28     70.8    10.42     29.2 
                                                                                                     
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA................   30.78    100.0    22.37     72.7     8.41     27.3 
                                                                                                     
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA.........   53.61    100.0    37.47     69.9    16.13     30.1 
                                                                                                     
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA CSA.................   38.76    100.0    27.26     70.3    11.50     29.7 

  1 The Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are defined
by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 2003 area definitions.  For more information on the area
definitions, visit www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

Last Modified Date: June 09, 2017