Employer Costs for Employee Compensation News Release

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, June 18, 2020 USDL-20-1232

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 * ncsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * pressoffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION - MARCH 2020

Employer costs for employee compensation for civilian workers averaged $37.73 per hour worked in March 2020,
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries cost employers $25.91 while benefit
costs were $11.82. Total compensation costs for civilian workers were $13.15 at the 10th wage percentile,
$28.40 at the 50th (median) wage percentile, and $74.17 at the 90th wage percentile. (See tables A and 1.)

State and local government worker compensation costs for employers averaged $52.45 per hour worked in March
2020. Wages and salaries averaged $32.62 and accounted for 62.2 percent of employer costs, while benefit costs
averaged $19.82 and accounted for 37.8 percent. Total compensation costs at the 50th (median) wage percentile
were $50.06. (See tables A and 1.)

Total employer compensation costs for private industry workers averaged $35.34 per hour worked.
* Wages and salaries averaged $24.82 per hour worked and accounted for 70.2 percent of employer costs.
* Benefit costs averaged $10.53 per hour worked and accounted for the remaining 29.8 percent.
* Median (50th wage percentile) employer costs per employee hour worked were $26.00 for total
compensation, $18.05 for wages and salaries, and $7.95 for benefits. (See tables A and 1.)

Total compensation costs for private industry workers ranged from $12.62 at the 10th wage percentile to $69.32
at the 90th wage percentile.
* Wages and salaries were $10.32 per hour worked at the 10th wage percentile and $47.29 at the 90th wage
percentile.
* Total benefit costs ranged from $2.30 at the 10th wage percentile to $22.04 at the 90th wage percentile.
(See table A.) For more information on average compensation costs within specified wage percentiles, see
www.bls.gov/ect/compensation-percentile-estimates.htm.

Table A. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation by wage percentiles [Mar. 2020]
Compensation component	Civilian workers(1)			Private industry workers			State and local government workers
Compensation component	10th wage percentile	50th (median) wage percentile	90th wage percentile	10th wage percentile	50th (median) wage percentile	90th wage percentile	10th wage percentile	50th (median) wage percentile	90th wage percentile
Total compensation(2)	13.15	28.40	74.17	12.62	26.00	69.32	22.01	50.06	88.33
Wages and salaries	10.61	19.15	49.32	10.32	18.05	47.29	13.75	29.08	56.42
Total benefits	2.54	9.25	24.84	2.30	7.95	22.04	8.26	20.98	31.90
Paid leave	0.35	1.90	6.04	0.32	1.58	5.88	1.35	4.29	6.15
Supplemental pay	0.18	0.85	2.12	0.16	0.85	2.49	0.17	0.73	0.82
Insurance	0.65	3.17	6.28	0.54	2.72	5.23	3.51	6.67	8.58
Health insurance	0.63	3.05	5.93	0.53	2.60	4.85	3.47	6.48	8.34
Retirement and savings	0.09	1.07	5.59	(3)0.04	0.64	3.54	1.68	6.32	12.08
Legally required benefits	1.28	2.26	4.82	1.23	2.16	4.90	1.55	2.98	4.27
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (3) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.

Metropolitan area private industry compensation costs are published each March reference period for the 15 
largest Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSA) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA). Total compensation costs 
in March 2020 for private industry workers ranged from $27.42 per hour worked in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port 
St. Lucie, FL CSA to $57.99 per hour worked in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA. (See table 8.)
* Wages and salaries comprised 72.0 percent of total compensation ($19.73) in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port 
  St. Lucie, FL and 70.4 percent ($40.84) in San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.
* Total benefits costs accounted for 28.0 percent ($7.69) in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL and 
  29.6 percent ($17.15) in San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                                                                                                                |
| Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on March 2020 ECEC Data						 |
| The Employer Cost for Employee Compensation (ECEC) reference date was March 12, 2020. Response rates for March |
| were comparable with prior releases, and no changes in estimation procedures were necessary. Additional 	 |
| information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/home.htm.							 |
|________________________________________________________________________________________________________________|


					TECHNICAL NOTE

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey, provides 
the average employer cost for wages and salaries as well as benefits per employee hour worked. The ECEC 
covers the civilian economy, which includes data from both private industry and state and local government. 
Excluded from private industry are the self-employed, agricultural workers, and private household workers. 
Federal government workers are excluded from the public sector.

All workers are included in the benefit cost estimates including those that do not have plan access or do 
not participate. Costs are also affected by other factors such as cost sharing between employers and 
employees, plan features, and plan generosity. For the latest information on the percentage of workers with 
access to and participating in employer-sponsored benefit plans, including health care and retirement and 
savings plans, see www.bls.gov/ebs.

The National Compensation Measures provides additional details on the sample design, calculation 
methodology, and resources explaining changes over time. (See www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.)
 
Additional ECEC estimates, including historical data, are available in the ECEC database query tool at 
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm.

Sample size
Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 
25,600 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,300 private industry establishments and 
approximately 7,800 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Measures of reliability
Relative standard errors (RSEs) provide users a tool to ascertain the quality of an estimate 
to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. RSEs are available at 
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ecec-rse.htm and database query tool at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm.

Comparisons
Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with 
levels in private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work 
activities and occupational structures.

Area definitions
Metropolitan area definitions have been updated based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 
13-01, dated February 28, 2013. For more information see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html. 

Publication focus
Topics of news releases for the upcoming reference periods are as follows:
* June 2020 - Health benefit costs in private industry
* September 2020 - Compensation costs in state and local government
* December 2020 - Supplemental pay costs in private industry

For 2020 ECEC release dates, see www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm.

Table 1. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation by ownership [Mar. 2020]
Compensation component	Civilian workers(1)		Private industry workers		State and local government workers
Compensation component	Cost ($)	Percent of compensation	Cost ($)	Percent of compensation	Cost ($)	Percent of compensation
Total compensation(2)	37.73	100.0	35.34	100.0	52.45	100.0
Wages and salaries	25.91	68.7	24.82	70.2	32.62	62.2
Total benefits	11.82	31.3	10.53	29.8	19.82	37.8
Paid leave	2.76	7.3	2.58	7.3	3.89	7.4
Vacation	1.34	3.6	1.32	3.7	1.46	2.8
Holiday	0.82	2.2	0.77	2.2	1.11	2.1
Sick	0.45	1.2	0.35	1.0	1.01	1.9
Personal	0.16	0.4	0.13	0.4	0.31	0.6
Supplemental pay	1.10	2.9	1.19	3.4	0.52	1.0
Overtime and premium(3)	0.30	0.8	0.32	0.9	0.22	0.4
Shift differentials	0.08	0.2	0.08	0.2	0.05	0.1
Nonproduction bonuses	0.72	1.9	0.80	2.3	0.25	0.5
Insurance	3.27	8.7	2.80	7.9	6.15	11.7
Life	0.05	0.1	0.04	0.1	0.07	0.1
Health	3.11	8.2	2.64	7.5	6.00	11.4
Short-term disability	0.07	0.2	0.07	0.2	0.03	0.1
Long-term disability	0.05	0.1	0.04	0.1	0.05	0.1
Retirement and savings	1.97	5.2	1.25	3.5	6.39	12.2
Defined benefit	1.20	3.2	0.43	1.2	5.95	11.3
Defined contribution	0.76	2.0	0.82	2.3	0.44	0.8
Legally Required benefits	2.72	7.2	2.70	7.6	2.88	5.5
Social Security and Medicare	2.11	5.6	2.09	5.9	2.25	4.3
Social Security(4)	1.68	4.5	1.67	4.7	1.72	3.3
Medicare	0.43	1.1	0.41	1.2	0.54	1.0
Federal unemployment insurance	0.02	0.1	0.03	0.1	(5)-	(6)-
State unemployment insurance	0.13	0.3	0.14	0.4	0.06	0.1
Workers' compensation	0.46	1.2	0.45	1.3	0.56	1.1
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (3) Includes premium pay for work (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) in addition to the regular work schedule. (4) Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. (5) Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. (6) Less than .05 percent.

Table 2. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for civilian workers by occupational and industry group [Mar. 2020]
Series	Total compensation(1)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Series	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent
Civilian workers(2)	37.73	100.0	25.91	68.7	11.82	31.3	2.76	7.3	1.10	2.9	3.27	8.7	1.97	5.2	2.72	7.2
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	61.82	100.0	42.22	68.3	19.60	31.7	5.29	8.6	1.75	2.8	4.97	8.0	3.77	6.1	3.82	6.2
Management, business and financial	70.69	100.0	48.32	68.4	22.37	31.6	6.74	9.5	2.91	4.1	4.82	6.8	3.51	5.0	4.39	6.2
Professional and related	57.84	100.0	39.49	68.3	18.35	31.7	4.65	8.0	1.23	2.1	5.03	8.7	3.88	6.7	3.57	6.2
Teachers(3)	65.30	100.0	44.37	68.0	20.93	32.0	3.40	5.2	0.25	0.4	6.48	9.9	7.43	11.4	3.35	5.1
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers	65.22	100.0	43.30	66.4	21.92	33.6	3.00	4.6	0.22	0.3	7.20	11.0	8.41	12.9	3.09	4.7
Registered nurses	59.11	100.0	38.37	64.9	20.75	35.1	5.79	9.8	2.25	3.8	5.67	9.6	3.14	5.3	3.90	6.6
Sales and office	27.69	100.0	19.48	70.4	8.21	29.6	1.87	6.8	0.70	2.5	2.63	9.5	0.99	3.6	2.01	7.3
Sales and related	26.05	100.0	19.87	76.3	6.18	23.7	1.45	5.6	0.67	2.6	1.51	5.8	0.56	2.2	1.98	7.6
Office and administrative support	28.68	100.0	19.25	67.1	9.43	32.9	2.12	7.4	0.72	2.5	3.31	11.6	1.24	4.3	2.03	7.1
Service	20.10	100.0	14.30	71.2	5.80	28.8	1.07	5.3	0.44	2.2	1.69	8.4	0.90	4.5	1.71	8.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	37.57	100.0	25.21	67.1	12.36	32.9	2.05	5.5	1.33	3.5	3.35	8.9	2.10	5.6	3.52	9.4
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry	38.49	100.0	25.48	66.2	13.01	33.8	1.65	4.3	1.40	3.6	3.42	8.9	2.66	6.9	3.88	10.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair	36.58	100.0	24.92	68.1	11.66	31.9	2.48	6.8	1.24	3.4	3.28	9.0	1.51	4.1	3.14	8.6
Production, transportation, and material moving	29.74	100.0	19.67	66.1	10.07	33.9	1.81	6.1	1.27	4.3	3.08	10.4	1.26	4.2	2.64	8.9
Production	28.44	100.0	18.85	66.3	9.59	33.7	1.77	6.2	1.41	5.0	3.13	11.0	0.85	3.0	2.43	8.5
Transportation and material moving	30.93	100.0	20.42	66.0	10.51	34.0	1.85	6.0	1.14	3.7	3.04	9.8	1.64	5.3	2.84	9.2
Industry group
Education and health services	43.02	100.0	29.10	67.6	13.92	32.4	3.26	7.6	0.63	1.5	4.32	10.0	3.06	7.1	2.65	6.2
Educational services	54.03	100.0	35.73	66.1	18.30	33.9	3.48	6.4	0.26	0.5	5.86	10.9	5.83	10.8	2.88	5.3
Elementary and secondary schools	53.18	100.0	34.82	65.5	18.36	34.5	2.83	5.3	0.22	0.4	6.17	11.6	6.48	12.2	2.66	5.0
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities	60.40	100.0	40.02	66.3	20.38	33.7	5.28	8.7	0.37	0.6	5.94	9.8	5.34	8.8	3.44	5.7
Health care and social assistance	36.34	100.0	25.08	69.0	11.26	31.0	3.12	8.6	0.86	2.4	3.38	9.3	1.39	3.8	2.51	6.9
Hospitals	50.67	100.0	32.51	64.2	18.16	35.8	4.89	9.7	1.89	3.7	5.44	10.7	2.71	5.4	3.23	6.4
Footnotes (1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (3) Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

Table 3. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for state and local government workers by occupational and industry group [Mar. 2020]
Series	Total compensation(1)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Series	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent
State and local government workers	52.45	100.0	32.62	62.2	19.82	37.8	3.89	7.4	0.52	1.0	6.15	11.7	6.39	12.2	2.88	5.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	62.88	100.0	40.48	64.4	22.40	35.6	4.38	7.0	0.41	0.7	6.72	10.7	7.66	12.2	3.24	5.2
Professional and related	61.06	100.0	39.60	64.9	21.45	35.1	3.89	6.4	0.38	0.6	6.69	10.9	7.38	12.1	3.12	5.1
Teachers(2)	69.06	100.0	46.03	66.6	23.03	33.4	3.42	5.0	0.25	0.4	7.22	10.5	8.82	12.8	3.32	4.8
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers	68.85	100.0	45.29	65.8	23.56	34.2	3.11	4.5	0.24	0.3	7.72	11.2	9.35	13.6	3.15	4.6
Sales and office	36.29	100.0	20.88	57.5	15.42	42.5	3.15	8.7	0.33	0.9	5.77	15.9	4.00	11.0	2.16	6.0
Office and administrative support	36.46	100.0	20.92	57.4	15.54	42.6	3.17	8.7	0.34	0.9	5.85	16.1	4.03	11.0	2.16	5.9
Service	38.25	100.0	21.90	57.3	16.35	42.7	3.20	8.4	0.82	2.2	4.86	12.7	5.12	13.4	2.34	6.1
Industry group
Education and health services	54.79	100.0	35.30	64.4	19.49	35.6	3.57	6.5	0.35	0.6	6.31	11.5	6.46	11.8	2.80	5.1
Educational services	56.15	100.0	36.40	64.8	19.75	35.2	3.42	6.1	0.26	0.5	6.42	11.4	6.84	12.2	2.80	5.0
Elementary and secondary schools	54.59	100.0	35.43	64.9	19.16	35.1	2.83	5.2	0.22	0.4	6.48	11.9	6.97	12.8	2.66	4.9
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities	60.71	100.0	39.25	64.6	21.46	35.4	5.24	8.6	0.35	0.6	6.20	10.2	6.43	10.6	3.24	5.3
Health care and social assistance	46.54	100.0	28.60	61.5	17.94	38.5	4.47	9.6	0.92	2.0	5.63	12.1	4.10	8.8	2.81	6.0
Hospitals	49.15	100.0	30.79	62.6	18.36	37.4	4.74	9.6	1.07	2.2	5.59	11.4	4.00	8.1	2.96	6.0
Public administration	50.58	100.0	29.20	57.7	21.38	42.3	4.67	9.2	0.80	1.6	6.11	12.1	6.74	13.3	3.06	6.0
Footnotes (1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (2) Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

Table 4. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by occupational and industry group [Mar. 2020]
Series	Total compensation(1)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Series	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent
Private industry workers	35.34	100.0	24.82	70.2	10.53	29.8	2.58	7.3	1.19	3.4	2.80	7.9	1.25	3.5	2.70	7.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	61.45	100.0	42.82	69.7	18.63	30.3	5.61	9.1	2.20	3.6	4.37	7.1	2.43	4.0	4.02	6.5
Management, business, and financial	70.29	100.0	48.68	69.3	21.60	30.7	6.66	9.5	3.22	4.6	4.54	6.5	2.73	3.9	4.45	6.3
Professional and related	56.35	100.0	39.43	70.0	16.92	30.0	5.00	8.9	1.62	2.9	4.27	7.6	2.26	4.0	3.77	6.7
Sales and office	26.92	100.0	19.36	71.9	7.56	28.1	1.75	6.5	0.73	2.7	2.35	8.7	0.72	2.7	2.00	7.4
Sales and related	26.02	100.0	19.87	76.4	6.14	23.6	1.44	5.5	0.67	2.6	1.50	5.8	0.55	2.1	1.98	7.6
Office and administrative support	27.53	100.0	19.00	69.0	8.53	31.0	1.97	7.2	0.77	2.8	2.94	10.7	0.83	3.0	2.01	7.3
Service	17.46	100.0	13.20	75.6	4.27	24.4	0.76	4.3	0.38	2.2	1.23	7.0	0.29	1.7	1.61	9.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	36.97	100.0	25.12	67.9	11.86	32.1	1.90	5.1	1.37	3.7	3.13	8.5	1.89	5.1	3.57	9.7
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry	38.01	100.0	25.45	66.9	12.56	33.1	1.47	3.9	1.46	3.8	3.19	8.4	2.48	6.5	3.96	10.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair	35.88	100.0	24.76	69.0	11.11	31.0	2.35	6.6	1.27	3.5	3.07	8.5	1.27	3.5	3.16	8.8
Production, transportation, and material moving	29.30	100.0	19.52	66.6	9.77	33.4	1.77	6.0	1.29	4.4	2.96	10.1	1.12	3.8	2.64	9.0
Production	28.16	100.0	18.72	66.5	9.43	33.5	1.73	6.2	1.42	5.0	3.08	10.9	0.78	2.8	2.42	8.6
Transportation and material moving	30.40	100.0	20.29	66.8	10.10	33.2	1.80	5.9	1.16	3.8	2.85	9.4	1.44	4.7	2.84	9.3
Industry group
Goods-producing(2)	40.22	100.0	27.04	67.2	13.17	32.8	2.60	6.5	1.72	4.3	3.70	9.2	1.79	4.5	3.36	8.4
Construction	40.17	100.0	27.67	68.9	12.49	31.1	1.77	4.4	1.37	3.4	3.27	8.2	2.16	5.4	3.92	9.8
Manufacturing	39.55	100.0	26.27	66.4	13.28	33.6	2.99	7.6	1.88	4.7	3.90	9.9	1.49	3.8	3.02	7.6
Aircraft manufacturing	71.06	100.0	43.94	61.8	27.12	38.2	6.56	9.2	3.76	5.3	7.14	10.0	5.09	7.2	4.57	6.4
Service-providing(3)	34.35	100.0	24.36	70.9	9.98	29.1	2.58	7.5	1.09	3.2	2.62	7.6	1.14	3.3	2.56	7.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.46	100.0	20.77	70.5	8.69	29.5	1.88	6.4	0.88	3.0	2.38	8.1	1.14	3.9	2.41	8.2
Wholesale trade	38.30	100.0	27.06	70.7	11.24	29.3	2.83	7.4	1.26	3.3	2.97	7.7	1.27	3.3	2.91	7.6
Retail trade	20.77	100.0	15.72	75.7	5.05	24.3	1.00	4.8	0.50	2.4	1.36	6.6	0.41	2.0	1.77	8.5
Transportation and warehousing	40.45	100.0	26.25	64.9	14.21	35.1	2.92	7.2	1.41	3.5	4.11	10.2	2.39	5.9	3.38	8.3
Utilities	66.01	100.0	40.71	61.7	25.30	38.3	5.87	8.9	2.17	3.3	6.27	9.5	6.28	9.5	4.71	7.1
Information	56.38	100.0	38.07	67.5	18.31	32.5	5.18	9.2	2.57	4.6	4.84	8.6	2.01	3.6	3.72	6.6
Financial activities	49.85	100.0	33.43	67.1	16.41	32.9	4.39	8.8	2.89	5.8	4.18	8.4	1.77	3.5	3.18	6.4
Financial and insurance	54.87	100.0	36.38	66.3	18.49	33.7	4.99	9.1	3.38	6.2	4.66	8.5	2.12	3.9	3.34	6.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	48.01	100.0	32.05	66.8	15.95	33.2	4.46	9.3	2.43	5.1	4.34	9.0	1.72	3.6	3.00	6.3
Insurance carriers and related activities	51.49	100.0	33.72	65.5	17.77	34.5	4.57	8.9	3.06	5.9	4.66	9.1	2.22	4.3	3.26	6.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	35.49	100.0	25.02	70.5	10.47	29.5	2.67	7.5	(4)1.50	(4)4.2	2.83	8.0	0.75	2.1	2.71	7.6
Professional and business services	43.71	100.0	31.39	71.8	12.32	28.2	3.54	8.1	1.52	3.5	2.78	6.4	1.33	3.0	3.15	7.2
Professional and technical services	57.47	100.0	41.32	71.9	16.16	28.1	5.08	8.8	1.90	3.3	3.57	6.2	1.74	3.0	3.87	6.7
Administrative and waste services	23.98	100.0	18.08	75.4	5.90	24.6	1.20	5.0	0.69	2.9	1.50	6.3	0.35	1.4	2.16	9.0
Education and health services	36.91	100.0	25.88	70.1	11.03	29.9	3.09	8.4	0.78	2.1	3.28	8.9	1.30	3.5	2.57	7.0
Educational services	46.64	100.0	33.38	71.6	13.26	28.4	3.67	7.9	0.26	0.6	3.91	8.4	2.27	4.9	3.14	6.7
Junior colleges, colleges, universities and professional schools	59.82	100.0	41.47	69.3	18.34	30.7	5.36	9.0	0.42	0.7	5.45	9.1	3.28	5.5	3.82	6.4
Health care and social assistance	35.49	100.0	24.79	69.8	10.70	30.2	3.01	8.5	0.86	2.4	3.19	9.0	1.16	3.3	2.49	7.0
Leisure and hospitality	15.87	100.0	12.53	79.0	3.33	21.0	0.51	3.2	0.25	1.5	0.80	5.0	0.23	1.5	1.55	9.8
Accommodation and food services	15.17	100.0	11.99	79.0	3.18	21.0	0.47	3.1	0.25	1.6	0.74	4.9	0.22	1.5	1.50	9.9
Other services	28.44	100.0	21.26	74.8	7.17	25.2	1.73	6.1	0.43	1.5	1.79	6.3	0.87	3.0	2.36	8.3
Footnotes (1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. (3) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. (4) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.

Table 5. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by bargaining and work status [Mar. 2020]
Series	Total compensation(1)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Series	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent
Union
All workers	48.57	100.0	28.91	59.5	19.65	40.5	3.46	7.1	1.75	3.6	6.79	14.0	3.99	8.2	3.66	7.5
Goods-producing(2)	51.98	100.0	29.78	57.3	22.21	42.7	2.86	5.5	2.40	4.6	7.60	14.6	5.06	9.7	4.28	8.2
Service-providing(3)	47.05	100.0	28.53	60.6	18.52	39.4	3.72	7.9	1.46	3.1	6.44	13.7	3.52	7.5	3.39	7.2
Nonunion
All workers	34.16	100.0	24.45	71.6	9.71	28.4	2.50	7.3	1.14	3.3	2.45	7.2	1.00	2.9	2.61	7.6
Goods-producing(2)	38.15	100.0	26.56	69.6	11.59	30.4	2.55	6.7	1.60	4.2	3.02	7.9	1.22	3.2	3.20	8.4
Service-providing(3)	33.41	100.0	24.06	72.0	9.36	28.0	2.49	7.5	1.06	3.2	2.34	7.0	0.96	2.9	2.50	7.5
Full-time
All workers	40.99	100.0	28.24	68.9	12.75	31.1	3.23	7.9	1.48	3.6	3.46	8.4	1.57	3.8	3.01	7.3
Occupational group
Management, professional and related	63.98	100.0	44.24	69.1	19.74	30.9	5.99	9.4	2.36	3.7	4.66	7.3	2.61	4.1	4.12	6.4
Management, business, and financial	71.20	100.0	49.19	69.1	22.02	30.9	6.81	9.6	3.26	4.6	4.66	6.5	2.80	3.9	4.48	6.3
Professional and related	59.19	100.0	40.95	69.2	18.24	30.8	5.45	9.2	1.76	3.0	4.66	7.9	2.48	4.2	3.88	6.6
Sales and office	31.39	100.0	22.02	70.1	9.37	29.9	2.29	7.3	0.94	3.0	3.00	9.6	0.91	2.9	2.22	7.1
Sales and related	35.45	100.0	26.36	74.4	9.09	25.6	2.37	6.7	1.06	3.0	2.33	6.6	0.86	2.4	2.48	7.0
Office and administrative support	29.52	100.0	20.02	67.8	9.50	32.2	2.25	7.6	0.89	3.0	3.32	11.2	0.94	3.2	2.11	7.1
Service	20.94	100.0	14.97	71.5	5.96	28.5	1.20	5.7	0.56	2.7	1.99	9.5	0.45	2.2	1.76	8.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	37.91	100.0	25.59	67.5	12.32	32.5	1.99	5.2	1.43	3.8	3.29	8.7	1.99	5.2	3.62	9.6
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry	38.78	100.0	25.83	66.6	12.96	33.4	1.54	4.0	1.52	3.9	3.31	8.5	2.58	6.7	4.01	10.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair	36.97	100.0	25.34	68.6	11.63	31.4	2.48	6.7	1.33	3.6	3.26	8.8	1.35	3.6	3.21	8.7
Production, transportation, and material moving	31.33	100.0	20.63	65.9	10.70	34.1	2.01	6.4	1.44	4.6	3.28	10.5	1.24	4.0	2.72	8.7
Production	29.29	100.0	19.30	65.9	9.99	34.1	1.85	6.3	1.52	5.2	3.30	11.3	0.85	2.9	2.47	8.5
Transportation and material moving	33.72	100.0	22.20	65.8	11.52	34.2	2.20	6.5	1.36	4.0	3.25	9.6	1.70	5.0	3.01	8.9
Industry group
Goods-producing(2)	40.65	100.0	27.27	67.1	13.39	32.9	2.65	6.5	1.74	4.3	3.78	9.3	1.83	4.5	3.38	8.3
Construction	40.56	100.0	27.82	68.6	12.74	31.4	1.81	4.5	1.40	3.4	3.38	8.3	2.23	5.5	3.93	9.7
Manufacturing	39.99	100.0	26.53	66.3	13.46	33.7	3.04	7.6	1.90	4.8	3.96	9.9	1.52	3.8	3.04	7.6
Service-providing(3)	41.09	100.0	28.52	69.4	12.57	30.6	3.40	8.3	1.41	3.4	3.37	8.2	1.49	3.6	2.90	7.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	35.83	100.0	24.67	68.9	11.15	31.1	2.60	7.3	1.19	3.3	3.05	8.5	1.51	4.2	2.80	7.8
Information	62.07	100.0	41.63	67.1	20.44	32.9	5.84	9.4	2.89	4.6	5.40	8.7	2.29	3.7	4.03	6.5
Financial activities	52.25	100.0	34.84	66.7	17.41	33.3	4.70	9.0	3.08	5.9	4.45	8.5	1.89	3.6	3.29	6.3
Professional and business services	47.96	100.0	34.07	71.0	13.89	29.0	4.07	8.5	1.73	3.6	3.20	6.7	1.55	3.2	3.35	7.0
Education and health services	40.19	100.0	27.69	68.9	12.50	31.1	3.61	9.0	0.85	2.1	3.85	9.6	1.52	3.8	2.68	6.7
Leisure and hospitality	20.83	100.0	15.41	74.0	5.41	26.0	1.08	5.2	0.43	2.1	1.64	7.9	0.47	2.3	1.78	8.5
Other services	33.60	100.0	24.23	72.1	9.37	27.9	2.41	7.2	0.52	1.6	2.58	7.7	1.27	3.8	2.59	7.7
Part-time
All workers	18.50	100.0	14.60	78.9	3.90	21.1	0.64	3.5	0.33	1.8	0.84	4.6	0.31	1.7	1.77	9.6
Occupational group
Management, professional and related	40.67	100.0	31.16	76.6	9.51	23.4	2.44	6.0	0.91	2.2	1.97	4.8	0.99	2.4	3.19	7.8
Professional and related	40.73	100.0	31.06	76.2	9.68	23.8	2.51	6.2	0.83	2.0	2.10	5.2	1.06	2.6	3.18	7.8
Sales and office	16.28	100.0	13.03	80.0	3.25	20.0	0.48	3.0	0.24	1.5	0.81	5.0	0.25	1.5	1.47	9.0
Sales and related	14.69	100.0	12.09	82.3	2.60	17.7	0.33	2.2	0.21	1.4	0.51	3.4	0.18	1.2	1.38	9.4
Office and administrative support	18.91	100.0	14.59	77.1	4.32	22.9	0.75	3.9	0.28	1.5	1.31	6.9	0.38	2.0	1.61	8.5
Service	14.01	100.0	11.43	81.6	2.58	18.4	0.31	2.2	0.20	1.5	0.47	3.3	0.13	0.9	1.47	10.5
Production, transportation, and material moving	19.12	100.0	13.96	73.0	5.16	27.0	0.55	2.9	0.50	2.6	1.38	7.2	0.52	2.7	2.21	11.6
Transportation and material moving	20.28	100.0	14.49	71.5	5.79	28.5	0.59	2.9	0.57	2.8	1.63	8.1	0.66	3.3	2.34	11.5
Industry group
Service-providing(3)	18.40	100.0	14.52	79.0	3.87	21.0	0.64	3.5	0.33	1.8	0.84	4.6	0.31	1.7	1.75	9.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	17.20	100.0	13.26	77.1	3.95	22.9	0.50	2.9	0.29	1.7	1.08	6.3	0.42	2.4	1.65	9.6
Professional and business services	20.54	100.0	16.78	81.7	3.76	18.3	0.70	3.4	0.43	2.1	0.50	2.4	(4)0.10	(4)0.5	2.04	9.9
Education and health services	27.71	100.0	20.82	75.1	6.90	24.9	1.65	6.0	0.60	2.2	1.70	6.1	0.68	2.5	2.26	8.2
Leisure and hospitality	12.48	100.0	10.56	84.6	1.92	15.4	0.12	1.0	0.12	0.9	0.22	1.7	0.06	0.5	1.39	11.2
Footnotes (1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. (3) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. (4) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.

Table 6. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by establishment size and industry group [Mar. 2020]
Series	Total compensation(1)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Series	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent
All workers
1-99 workers	29.18	100.0	21.58	73.9	7.60	26.1	1.80	6.2	0.76	2.6	1.93	6.6	0.71	2.4	2.41	8.3
1-49 workers	28.35	100.0	21.25	75.0	7.10	25.0	1.69	6.0	0.70	2.5	1.72	6.1	0.62	2.2	2.37	8.4
50-99 workers	32.03	100.0	22.71	70.9	9.32	29.1	2.16	6.7	0.96	3.0	2.62	8.2	1.02	3.2	2.56	8.0
100 workers or more	42.66	100.0	28.67	67.2	14.00	32.8	3.51	8.2	1.71	4.0	3.85	9.0	1.89	4.4	3.03	7.1
100-499 workers	36.79	100.0	25.50	69.3	11.29	30.7	2.76	7.5	1.20	3.3	3.17	8.6	1.38	3.7	2.79	7.6
500 workers or more	50.30	100.0	32.79	65.2	17.52	34.8	4.49	8.9	2.38	4.7	4.74	9.4	2.56	5.1	3.35	6.7
Goods-producing(2)
1-99 workers	34.32	100.0	24.28	70.8	10.03	29.2	1.74	5.1	1.20	3.5	2.69	7.8	1.20	3.5	3.20	9.3
1-49 workers	33.07	100.0	23.87	72.2	9.21	27.8	1.54	4.6	1.10	3.3	2.33	7.1	1.03	3.1	3.21	9.7
50-99 workers	37.25	100.0	25.26	67.8	11.99	32.2	2.24	6.0	1.43	3.8	3.53	9.5	1.60	4.3	3.20	8.6
100 workers or more	45.31	100.0	29.43	64.9	15.89	35.1	3.34	7.4	2.17	4.8	4.58	10.1	2.30	5.1	3.50	7.7
100-499 workers	42.76	100.0	28.24	66.0	14.52	34.0	2.96	6.9	1.79	4.2	4.25	9.9	2.08	4.9	3.44	8.1
500 workers or more	49.44	100.0	31.35	63.4	18.09	36.6	3.95	8.0	2.78	5.6	5.12	10.4	2.66	5.4	3.59	7.3
Service-providing(3)
1-99 workers	28.31	100.0	21.12	74.6	7.19	25.4	1.81	6.4	0.68	2.4	1.80	6.3	0.62	2.2	2.28	8.1
1-49 workers	27.63	100.0	20.85	75.5	6.78	24.5	1.72	6.2	0.64	2.3	1.63	5.9	0.55	2.0	2.24	8.1
50-99 workers	30.79	100.0	22.10	71.8	8.69	28.2	2.14	7.0	0.85	2.7	2.40	7.8	0.89	2.9	2.41	7.8
100 workers or more	42.00	100.0	28.48	67.8	13.53	32.2	3.56	8.5	1.60	3.8	3.67	8.7	1.79	4.3	2.92	6.9
100-499 workers	35.13	100.0	24.73	70.4	10.39	29.6	2.71	7.7	1.03	2.9	2.86	8.2	1.18	3.4	2.61	7.4
500 workers or more	50.49	100.0	33.09	65.5	17.40	34.5	4.60	9.1	2.30	4.5	4.65	9.2	2.54	5.0	3.30	6.5
Footnotes (1) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. (3) Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Table 7. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by census region and division [Mar. 2020]
Area(1)	Total compensation(2)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits		Paid leave		Supplemental pay		Insurance		Retirement and savings		Legally required benefits
Area(1)	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent
Northeast	39.76	100.0	27.30	68.7	12.46	31.3	3.14	7.9	1.36	3.4	3.35	8.4	1.52	3.8	3.08	7.8
New England	40.89	100.0	28.17	68.9	12.71	31.1	3.25	8.0	1.30	3.2	3.34	8.2	1.77	4.3	3.05	7.5
Middle Atlantic	39.36	100.0	26.99	68.6	12.37	31.4	3.10	7.9	1.38	3.5	3.35	8.5	1.44	3.6	3.10	7.9
South	31.00	100.0	22.27	71.8	8.73	28.2	2.15	6.9	1.10	3.6	2.17	7.0	0.99	3.2	2.32	7.5
South Atlantic	31.71	100.0	22.77	71.8	8.94	28.2	2.23	7.0	1.05	3.3	2.25	7.1	1.01	3.2	2.40	7.6
East South Central	28.16	100.0	19.93	70.8	8.23	29.2	1.89	6.7	1.13	4.0	2.19	7.8	0.93	3.3	2.09	7.4
West South Central	31.06	100.0	22.47	72.4	8.59	27.6	2.12	6.8	1.18	3.8	2.02	6.5	1.00	3.2	2.27	7.3
Midwest	33.73	100.0	23.37	69.3	10.36	30.7	2.36	7.0	1.26	3.7	2.96	8.8	1.22	3.6	2.56	7.6
East North Central	34.56	100.0	23.86	69.0	10.70	31.0	2.40	7.0	1.35	3.9	3.03	8.8	1.31	3.8	2.60	7.5
West North Central	31.93	100.0	22.31	69.9	9.62	30.1	2.27	7.1	1.06	3.3	2.82	8.8	1.01	3.2	2.46	7.7
West	40.20	100.0	28.28	70.4	11.91	29.6	3.03	7.5	1.12	2.8	3.18	7.9	1.46	3.6	3.12	7.8
Mountain	33.87	100.0	23.88	70.5	9.98	29.5	2.40	7.1	1.14	3.4	2.71	8.0	1.22	3.6	2.52	7.4
Pacific	42.94	100.0	30.19	70.3	12.75	29.7	3.30	7.7	1.12	2.6	3.39	7.9	1.57	3.7	3.38	7.9
Footnotes (1) The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. (2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.

Table 8. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by metropolitan areas [Mar. 2020]
Area(1)	Total compensation(2)		Wages and salaries		Total benefits
Area(1)	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent	Cost ($)	Percent
Northeast Region
Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA	41.80	100.0	28.82	69.0	12.98	31.0
New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA	45.29	100.0	31.21	68.9	14.07	31.1
Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA	33.46	100.0	23.20	69.3	10.26	30.7
South Region
Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA	35.66	100.0	24.97	70.0	10.69	30.0
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA	34.48	100.0	24.60	71.3	9.88	28.7
Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA	39.85	100.0	28.98	72.7	10.87	27.3
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA	27.42	100.0	19.73	72.0	7.69	28.0
Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA	39.45	100.0	28.53	72.3	10.91	27.7
Midwest Region
Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA	39.31	100.0	27.20	69.2	12.11	30.8
Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA	37.37	100.0	24.95	66.8	12.42	33.2
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA	38.47	100.0	27.08	70.4	11.39	29.6
West Region
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA	38.42	100.0	27.18	70.8	11.24	29.2
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA	36.75	100.0	25.48	69.3	11.27	30.7
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA	57.99	100.0	40.84	70.4	17.15	29.6
Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA	42.92	100.0	29.87	69.6	13.05	30.4
Footnotes (1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the March 2019 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html. (2) Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.

Last Modified Date: June 19, 2020