FOR RELEASE 10:00 A.M. (EST) FRIDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2018 USDL-18-1941
Technical information: (202)691-6199 ncsinfo@bls.gov www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact: (202)691-5902 pressoffice@bls.gov
EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION – SEPTEMBER 2018
Employer costs for employee compensation averaged $36.63 per hour worked in September 2018,
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries averaged $25.03 per
hour worked and accounted for 68.3 percent of these costs, while benefit costs averaged
$11.60 and accounted for the remaining 31.7 percent. Total employer compensation costs for
private industry workers averaged $34.53 per hour worked in September 2018. Total employer
compensation costs for state and local government workers averaged $50.03 per hour worked in
September 2018.
Highlights of employer compensation costs per hour worked for state and local government
workers, September 2018:
• Employer costs for wages and salaries averaged $31.23 per hour and accounted for 62.4 percent
of compensation costs. (See table 3.)
• Employer costs for benefits averaged $18.80 per hour worked and accounted for the remaining
37.6 percent. (See table 3.)
• Employer compensation costs by occupational group ranged from $34.72 per hour worked for sales
and office workers to $60.14 per hour worked for management, professional, and related workers.
The management, professional, and related occupational group includes teachers, whose compensation
costs averaged $66.14 per hour worked. (See tables 3 and 4.)
• Employers spent $5.82 per hour worked, or 11.6 percent of total compensation for retirement
and savings benefits. (See table 3.)
• Employer costs for retirement and savings for management, professional, and related workers
averaged $6.99 per hour worked. Employer costs for retirement and savings for sales and office
workers averaged $3.64. (See table 4.)
• Included in retirement and savings benefits were employer costs for defined benefit plans,
which averaged $5.41 per hour (10.8 percent of total compensation), and defined contribution plans,
which averaged 41 cents (0.8 percent). (See table 3.)
• Insurance benefit costs averaged $5.93 per hour, or 11.9 percent of total compensation. Health
insurance averaged $5.78, or 11.6 percent of total compensation. (See table 3.)
• Employer costs for paid leave include vacation, holiday, sick leave, and personal leave. The
average cost for paid leave was $3.76 per hour worked, or 7.5 percent of total compensation.
(See table 3.)
• Employer costs for legally required benefits, including Social Security, Medicare, unemployment
insurance (both state and federal), and workers’ compensation, averaged $2.77 per hour worked, or
5.5 percent of total compensation. (See table 3.)
Benefit costs in private industry
Private industry employer costs for paid leave averaged $2.41 per hour worked or 7.0 percent of total
compensation, supplemental pay averaged $1.32 or 3.8 percent, insurance benefits averaged $2.74 or
7.9 percent, retirement and savings costs averaged $1.35 or 3.9 percent, and legally required benefits
averaged $2.66 per hour worked or 7.7 percent. (See table A and table 5.)
Table A. Relative importance of employer costs for employee compensation, September 2018
Compensation Civilian Private State and local
component workers(1) industry government
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Wages and salaries 68.3% 69.7% 62.4%
Benefits 31.7 30.3 37.6
Paid leave 7.1 7.0 7.5
Supplemental pay 3.3 3.8 1.0
Insurance 8.7 7.9 11.9
Health benefits 8.2 7.5 11.6
Retirement and savings 5.3 3.9 11.6
Defined benefit 3.3 1.6 10.8
Defined contribution 2.0 2.3 0.8
Legally required 7.3 7.7 5.5
____________________________________________________________________________________________
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and
workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
____________
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for December 2018 is scheduled to be released on
Tuesday, March 19, 2019, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
TECHNICAL NOTE
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost to employers for wages
and salaries and benefits per employee hour worked. The ECEC includes the civilian economy, which
includes data from both private industry and state and local government. Excluded from private
industry are the self-employed and farm and private household workers. Federal government workers
are excluded from the public sector. The private industry series and the state and local government
series provide data for the two sectors separately. All workers are included in the benefit cost
estimates including those that do not have plan access or do not participate. Costs are also
affected by other factors such as cost sharing between employers and employees, plan features,
and plan generosity.
Sample size
Data for the September 2018 reference period were collected from a probability sample of
approximately 27,000 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,500 private
industry establishments and approximately 7,900 occupational observations selected from a sample of
about 1,400 state and local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.
Measures of reliability
Relative standard errors for all estimates in the most recent news release are available at
www.bls.gov/web/ecec/ececrse.txt. Footnotes have been added for estimates with relative standard
errors greater than 30 percent. For more information on standard errors, see “Measuring Trends in
the Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,” at
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/cwc/measuring-trends-in-the-structure-and-levels-of-employer-costs-for-
employee-compensation.pdf.
Benchmarking by establishment size and industry
For information on benchmarking by establishment size and industry, see “The Weighting Process Used
in the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Series for the National Compensation Survey,” at
www.bls.gov/osmr/pdf/st110220.pdf.
Comparing private and public sector data
Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with levels
in private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work
activities and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part
of private industry work activities but are rare in state and local government. Professional and
administrative support occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and
local government workforce, compared with one-half of private industry.
Quarterly publication focus
This quarter’s release focuses on compensation costs in state and local government. Topics of news
releases for the upcoming reference periods are as follows:
• December 2018— Private industry supplemental pay costs
• March 2019— Private industry health and metropolitan area costs, and compensation percentiles
Detailed information and measures
For detailed information on ECEC, see “National Compensation Measures,” in the BLS Handbook of Methods
at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm. The National Compensation Survey also produces data on the
percentage of workers with access to and participating in employer-sponsored benefit plans, including
health care and retirement and savings plans. For the latest information, see www.bls.gov/ebs.
Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, September 2018
Occupational group Industry group
Management, Natural Production,
Compensation All professional, Sales resources, transportation, Goods- Service-
component workers(1) and and Service construction, and producing(2) providing(3)
related office and material
maintenance moving
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $36.63 100.0 $61.08 100.0 $26.62 100.0 $18.87 100.0 $36.20 100.0 $29.12 100.0 $39.84 100.0 $36.05 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 25.03 68.3 41.40 67.8 18.70 70.2 13.48 71.4 24.21 66.9 19.19 65.9 26.57 66.7 24.75 68.7
Total benefits............................... 11.60 31.7 19.68 32.2 7.92 29.8 5.39 28.6 11.99 33.1 9.93 34.1 13.27 33.3 11.30 31.3
Paid leave................................. 2.59 7.1 5.02 8.2 1.79 6.7 .95 5.0 1.93 5.3 1.74 6.0 2.57 6.5 2.60 7.2
Vacation................................. 1.27 3.5 2.45 4.0 .90 3.4 .44 2.4 .97 2.7 .87 3.0 1.33 3.3 1.26 3.5
Holiday.................................. .77 2.1 1.44 2.4 .53 2.0 .29 1.5 .63 1.7 .58 2.0 .89 2.2 .75 2.1
Sick..................................... .39 1.1 .81 1.3 .23 .9 .15 .8 .23 .6 .22 .7 .27 .7 .41 1.1
Personal................................. .16 .4 .32 .5 .12 .5 .06 .3 .10 .3 .08 .3 .09 .2 .18 .5
Supplemental pay........................... 1.21 3.3 2.33 3.8 .66 2.5 .36 1.9 1.12 3.1 1.10 3.8 1.62 4.1 1.14 3.2
Overtime and premium(4).................. .28 .8 .16 .3 .16 .6 .17 .9 .75 2.1 .61 2.1 .64 1.6 .22 .6
Shift differentials...................... .07 .2 .10 .2 .03 .1 .06 .3 .04 .1 .09 .3 .09 .2 .06 .2
Nonproduction bonuses.................... .86 2.4 2.07 3.4 .47 1.8 .13 .7 .32 .9 .41 1.4 .88 2.2 .86 2.4
Insurance.................................. 3.17 8.7 4.88 8.0 2.49 9.4 1.57 8.3 3.33 9.2 3.06 10.5 3.75 9.4 3.07 8.5
Life..................................... .05 .1 .08 .1 .03 .1 .02 .1 .05 .1 .04 .1 .06 .2 .05 .1
Health................................... 3.02 8.2 4.61 7.5 2.38 9.0 1.52 8.1 3.16 8.7 2.90 10.0 3.55 8.9 2.92 8.1
Short-term disability.................... .06 .2 .10 .2 .04 .2 .02 .1 .09 .2 .06 .2 .08 .2 .06 .2
Long-term disability..................... .05 .1 .09 .1 .03 .1 (5) (6) .03 .1 .06 .2 .05 .1 .05 .1
Retirement and savings..................... 1.95 5.3 3.69 6.0 1.02 3.8 .85 4.5 2.22 6.1 1.37 4.7 2.00 5.0 1.94 5.4
Defined benefit.......................... 1.22 3.3 2.28 3.7 .52 1.9 .67 3.5 1.56 4.3 .78 2.7 1.01 2.5 1.25 3.5
Defined contribution..................... .73 2.0 1.41 2.3 .50 1.9 .18 1.0 .66 1.8 .59 2.0 .99 2.5 .69 1.9
Legally required benefits.................. 2.67 7.3 3.75 6.1 1.96 7.4 1.66 8.8 3.40 9.4 2.66 9.2 3.33 8.4 2.55 7.1
Social Security and Medicare............. 2.03 5.5 3.23 5.3 1.56 5.8 1.12 5.9 2.04 5.6 1.64 5.6 2.26 5.7 1.98 5.5
Social Security(7)..................... 1.61 4.4 2.53 4.1 1.25 4.7 .89 4.7 1.65 4.6 1.32 4.5 1.82 4.6 1.57 4.4
Medicare............................... .42 1.1 .70 1.1 .31 1.1 .22 1.2 .39 1.1 .32 1.1 .44 1.1 .41 1.1
Federal unemployment insurance........... .03 .1 .02 (6) .04 .1 .04 .2 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1
State unemployment insurance............. .14 .4 .14 .2 .13 .5 .13 .7 .20 .5 .15 .5 .20 .5 .13 .4
Workers' compensation.................... .47 1.3 .35 .6 .24 .9 .38 2.0 1.14 3.1 .85 2.9 .84 2.1 .41 1.1
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation;
accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
4 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
6 Less than .05 percent.
7 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, September 2018
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
Civilian workers(1)............................ $36.63 $25.03 $11.60 $2.59 $1.21 $3.17 $1.95 $2.67
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.. 61.08 41.40 19.68 5.02 2.33 4.88 3.69 3.75
Management, business, and financial.. 70.94 47.06 23.88 6.39 (*)4.81 4.78 3.62 4.29
Professional and related............. 56.68 38.88 17.80 4.40 1.23 4.93 3.73 3.52
Teachers(2)........................ 62.00 42.56 19.45 3.12 .23 6.21 6.65 3.23
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers..... 61.91 41.41 20.50 2.92 .21 6.81 7.58 2.98
Registered nurses.................. 55.23 36.67 18.57 5.04 1.83 5.13 2.85 3.71
Sales and office....................... 26.62 18.70 7.92 1.79 .66 2.49 1.02 1.96
Sales and related.................... 25.22 18.94 6.28 1.46 .68 1.56 .67 1.91
Office and administrative support.... 27.44 18.56 8.88 1.98 .65 3.04 1.22 1.99
Service................................ 18.87 13.48 5.39 .95 .36 1.57 .85 1.66
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance......................... 36.20 24.21 11.99 1.93 1.12 3.33 2.22 3.40
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry(3).......... 37.27 24.71 12.56 1.57 1.08 3.40 2.67 3.84
Installation, maintenance, and repair 35.16 23.72 11.44 2.28 1.15 3.26 1.77 2.98
Production, transportation, and
material moving..................... 29.12 19.19 9.93 1.74 1.10 3.06 1.37 2.66
Production........................... 27.79 18.51 9.29 1.68 1.26 2.99 .94 2.41
Transportation and material moving... 30.30 19.79 10.51 1.79 .96 3.11 1.75 2.89
Industry group
Education and health services.......... 42.41 28.89 13.52 3.16 .60 4.22 2.89 2.66
Educational services................. 52.10 34.72 17.38 3.33 .25 5.69 5.29 2.81
Elementary and secondary schools... 50.77 33.49 17.28 2.73 .20 5.89 5.88 2.58
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities................... 57.94 38.67 19.27 4.97 .36 5.90 4.71 3.32
Health care and social assistance.... 36.66 25.43 11.23 3.06 .81 3.34 1.46 2.56
Hospitals.......................... 47.72 30.99 16.72 4.49 1.64 4.96 2.49 3.13
Percent of total compensation
Civilian workers(1)............................ 100.0 68.3 31.7 7.1 3.3 8.7 5.3 7.3
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.. 100.0 67.8 32.2 8.2 3.8 8.0 6.0 6.1
Management, business, and financial.. 100.0 66.3 33.7 9.0 6.8 6.7 5.1 6.0
Professional and related............. 100.0 68.6 31.4 7.8 2.2 8.7 6.6 6.2
Teachers(2)........................ 100.0 68.6 31.4 5.0 .4 10.0 10.7 5.2
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers..... 100.0 66.9 33.1 4.7 .3 11.0 12.2 4.8
Registered nurses.................. 100.0 66.4 33.6 9.1 3.3 9.3 5.2 6.7
Sales and office....................... 100.0 70.2 29.8 6.7 2.5 9.4 3.8 7.4
Sales and related.................... 100.0 75.1 24.9 5.8 2.7 6.2 2.7 7.6
Office and administrative support.... 100.0 67.6 32.4 7.2 2.4 11.1 4.4 7.3
Service................................ 100.0 71.4 28.6 5.0 1.9 8.3 4.5 8.8
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance......................... 100.0 66.9 33.1 5.3 3.1 9.2 6.1 9.4
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry(3).......... 100.0 66.3 33.7 4.2 2.9 9.1 7.2 10.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair 100.0 67.5 32.5 6.5 3.3 9.3 5.0 8.5
Production, transportation, and
material moving..................... 100.0 65.9 34.1 6.0 3.8 10.5 4.7 9.2
Production........................... 100.0 66.6 33.4 6.1 4.5 10.8 3.4 8.7
Transportation and material moving... 100.0 65.3 34.7 5.9 3.2 10.3 5.8 9.5
Industry group
Education and health services.......... 100.0 68.1 31.9 7.5 1.4 9.9 6.8 6.3
Educational services................. 100.0 66.6 33.4 6.4 .5 10.9 10.2 5.4
Elementary and secondary schools... 100.0 66.0 34.0 5.4 .4 11.6 11.6 5.1
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities................... 100.0 66.7 33.3 8.6 .6 10.2 8.1 5.7
Health care and social assistance.... 100.0 69.4 30.6 8.3 2.2 9.1 4.0 7.0
Hospitals.......................... 100.0 65.0 35.0 9.4 3.4 10.4 5.2 6.6
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal
government.
2 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and
instructors.
3 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
(*) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.
Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: state and local
government workers, by major occupational and industry group, September 2018
Occupational group(1) Industry group
Management, Sales
Compensation All professional, and Service Service-providin-
component workers and office g(2)
related
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $50.03 100.0 $60.14 100.0 $34.72 100.0 $36.72 100.0 $50.12 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 31.23 62.4 38.85 64.6 20.12 57.9 21.18 57.7 31.32 62.5
Total benefits............................... 18.80 37.6 21.29 35.4 14.61 42.1 15.55 42.3 18.80 37.5
Paid leave................................. 3.76 7.5 4.25 7.1 3.04 8.7 3.10 8.5 3.76 7.5
Vacation................................. 1.44 2.9 1.47 2.4 1.35 3.9 1.37 3.7 1.43 2.9
Holiday.................................. 1.07 2.1 1.16 1.9 .93 2.7 .95 2.6 1.07 2.1
Sick..................................... .96 1.9 1.22 2.0 .60 1.7 .62 1.7 .96 1.9
Personal................................. .30 .6 .40 .7 .16 .4 .16 .4 .30 .6
Supplemental pay........................... .51 1.0 .41 .7 .31 .9 .79 2.1 .50 1.0
Overtime and premium(3).................. .22 .4 .09 .2 .16 .5 .46 1.3 .21 .4
Shift differentials...................... .05 .1 .04 .1 .02 .1 .09 .2 .05 .1
Nonproduction bonuses.................... .24 .5 .27 .5 .13 .4 .24 .6 .24 .5
Insurance.................................. 5.93 11.9 6.53 10.9 5.53 15.9 4.68 12.7 5.93 11.8
Life..................................... .07 .1 .08 .1 .06 .2 .05 .1 .07 .1
Health................................... 5.78 11.6 6.36 10.6 5.41 15.6 4.57 12.4 5.78 11.5
Short-term disability.................... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .02 .1 .03 .1
Long-term disability..................... .05 .1 .06 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .05 .1
Retirement and savings..................... 5.82 11.6 6.99 11.6 3.64 10.5 4.71 12.8 5.83 11.6
Defined benefit.......................... 5.41 10.8 6.44 10.7 3.40 9.8 4.48 12.2 5.42 10.8
Defined contribution..................... .41 .8 .55 .9 .24 .7 .23 .6 .41 .8
Legally required benefits.................. 2.77 5.5 3.12 5.2 2.10 6.0 2.27 6.2 2.77 5.5
Social Security and Medicare............. 2.16 4.3 2.59 4.3 1.56 4.5 1.51 4.1 2.16 4.3
Social Security(4)..................... 1.65 3.3 1.97 3.3 1.22 3.5 1.15 3.1 1.65 3.3
Medicare............................... .51 1.0 .63 1.0 .34 1.0 .36 1.0 .51 1.0
Federal unemployment insurance........... (5) (6) (5) (6) (5) (6) (5) (6) (5) (6)
State unemployment insurance............. .07 .1 .07 .1 .06 .2 .06 .2 .06 .1
Workers' compensation.................... .54 1.1 .45 .8 .48 1.4 .69 1.9 .54 1.1
1 This table presents data for the three major occupational groups in State and local government: management, professional, and related
occupations, including teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and service occupations, including police and
firefighters.
2 Service-providing industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State and local government
workforce.
3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
6 Less than .05 percent.
Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: state
and local government workers, by occupational and industry group, September 2018
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
State and local government workers............. $50.03 $31.23 $18.80 $3.76 $0.51 $5.93 $5.82 $2.77
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.. 60.14 38.85 21.29 4.25 .41 6.53 6.99 3.12
Professional and related............. 58.45 38.06 20.39 3.78 .37 6.53 6.72 3.00
Teachers(1)........................ 66.14 44.23 21.91 3.33 .25 7.16 8.00 3.18
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers..... 66.06 43.61 22.46 3.07 .23 7.54 8.58 3.04
Sales and office....................... 34.72 20.12 14.61 3.04 .31 5.53 3.64 2.10
Office and administrative support.... 34.88 20.17 14.71 3.05 .31 5.59 3.67 2.10
Service................................ 36.72 21.18 15.55 3.10 .79 4.68 4.71 2.27
Industry group
Education and health services.......... 52.42 33.93 18.49 3.47 .34 6.13 5.86 2.69
Educational services................. 53.82 35.07 18.76 3.33 .25 6.27 6.20 2.70
Elementary and secondary schools... 52.35 34.13 18.22 2.76 .21 6.26 6.42 2.56
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities................... 58.06 37.79 20.27 5.03 .35 6.28 5.52 3.10
Health care and social assistance.... 44.32 27.39 16.92 4.25 .86 5.31 3.84 2.65
Hospitals.......................... 46.66 29.40 17.25 4.49 1.04 5.21 3.73 2.77
Public administration.................. 48.17 27.97 20.20 4.48 .76 5.85 6.17 2.94
Percent of total compensation
State and local government workers............. 100.0 62.4 37.6 7.5 1.0 11.9 11.6 5.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.. 100.0 64.6 35.4 7.1 .7 10.9 11.6 5.2
Professional and related............. 100.0 65.1 34.9 6.5 .6 11.2 11.5 5.1
Teachers(1)........................ 100.0 66.9 33.1 5.0 .4 10.8 12.1 4.8
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers..... 100.0 66.0 34.0 4.6 .3 11.4 13.0 4.6
Sales and office....................... 100.0 57.9 42.1 8.7 .9 15.9 10.5 6.0
Office and administrative support.... 100.0 57.8 42.2 8.7 .9 16.0 10.5 6.0
Service................................ 100.0 57.7 42.3 8.5 2.1 12.7 12.8 6.2
Industry group
Education and health services.......... 100.0 64.7 35.3 6.6 .6 11.7 11.2 5.1
Educational services................. 100.0 65.1 34.9 6.2 .5 11.7 11.5 5.0
Elementary and secondary schools... 100.0 65.2 34.8 5.3 .4 12.0 12.3 4.9
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities................... 100.0 65.1 34.9 8.7 .6 10.8 9.5 5.3
Health care and social assistance.... 100.0 61.8 38.2 9.6 1.9 12.0 8.7 6.0
Hospitals.......................... 100.0 63.0 37.0 9.6 2.2 11.2 8.0 5.9
Public administration.................. 100.0 58.1 41.9 9.3 1.6 12.1 12.8 6.1
1 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and
instructors.
Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, September
2018
Occupational group Bargaining unit status
Management, Natural Production,
Compensation All professional, Sales resources, transportation,
component workers and and Service construction, and Union Nonunion
related office and material
maintenance moving
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $34.53 100.0 $61.40 100.0 $25.91 100.0 $16.27 100.0 $35.70 100.0 $28.74 100.0 $48.57 100.0 $33.16 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 24.06 69.7 42.25 68.8 18.58 71.7 12.36 76.0 24.16 67.7 19.06 66.3 28.85 59.4 23.59 71.1
Total benefits............................... 10.48 30.3 19.14 31.2 7.34 28.3 3.91 24.0 11.54 32.3 9.68 33.7 19.73 40.6 9.57 28.9
Paid leave................................. 2.41 7.0 5.27 8.6 1.68 6.5 .64 3.9 1.78 5.0 1.70 5.9 3.37 6.9 2.32 7.0
Vacation................................. 1.25 3.6 2.77 4.5 .86 3.3 .31 1.9 .90 2.5 .86 3.0 1.71 3.5 1.20 3.6
Holiday.................................. .72 2.1 1.53 2.5 .50 1.9 .19 1.2 .59 1.6 .57 2.0 .99 2.0 .70 2.1
Sick..................................... .30 .9 .67 1.1 .20 .8 .08 .5 .19 .5 .20 .7 .48 1.0 .28 .8
Personal................................. .14 .4 .30 .5 .12 .5 .05 .3 .10 .3 .07 .2 .19 .4 .14 .4
Supplemental pay........................... 1.32 3.8 2.98 4.8 .69 2.7 .30 1.8 1.14 3.2 1.11 3.9 1.60 3.3 1.29 3.9
Overtime and premium(1).................. .29 .8 .19 .3 .16 .6 .13 .8 .77 2.1 .61 2.1 .87 1.8 .24 .7
Shift differentials...................... .07 .2 .12 .2 .03 .1 .06 .3 .04 .1 .09 .3 .21 .4 .06 .2
Nonproduction bonuses.................... .96 2.8 2.67 4.3 .50 1.9 .12 .7 .33 .9 .41 1.4 .52 1.1 1.00 3.0
Insurance.................................. 2.74 7.9 4.33 7.1 2.23 8.6 1.11 6.9 3.14 8.8 2.96 10.3 6.61 13.6 2.36 7.1
Life..................................... .04 .1 .08 .1 .03 .1 (2) (3) .04 .1 .04 .1 .08 .2 .04 .1
Health................................... 2.58 7.5 4.03 6.6 2.12 8.2 1.08 6.6 2.97 8.3 2.80 9.7 6.23 12.8 2.23 6.7
Short-term disability.................... .07 .2 .12 .2 .05 .2 (2) (3) .09 .3 .06 .2 .19 .4 .05 .2
Long-term disability..................... .05 .1 .10 .2 .03 .1 (2) (3) .03 .1 .06 .2 .11 .2 .04 .1
Retirement and savings..................... 1.35 3.9 2.60 4.2 .79 3.0 .28 1.8 2.04 5.7 1.25 4.4 4.43 9.1 1.05 3.2
Defined benefit.......................... .56 1.6 .90 1.5 .27 1.0 .11 .7 1.35 3.8 .64 2.2 3.30 6.8 .29 .9
Defined contribution..................... .79 2.3 1.70 2.8 .52 2.0 .17 1.1 .69 1.9 .61 2.1 1.13 2.3 .75 2.3
Legally required benefits.................. 2.66 7.7 3.97 6.5 1.95 7.5 1.57 9.7 3.45 9.7 2.66 9.3 3.71 7.6 2.55 7.7
Social Security and Medicare............. 2.00 5.8 3.45 5.6 1.55 6.0 1.06 6.5 2.05 5.8 1.64 5.7 2.49 5.1 1.96 5.9
Social Security(4)..................... 1.60 4.6 2.72 4.4 1.25 4.8 .86 5.3 1.66 4.7 1.32 4.6 2.00 4.1 1.56 4.7
Medicare............................... .40 1.2 .73 1.2 .30 1.2 .20 1.2 .39 1.1 .32 1.1 .49 1.0 .39 1.2
Federal unemployment insurance........... .04 .1 .03 (3) .04 .1 .04 .3 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .04 .1
State unemployment insurance............. .15 .4 .17 .3 .14 .5 .14 .8 .21 .6 .15 .5 .19 .4 .15 .5
Workers' compensation.................... .46 1.3 .32 .5 .22 .9 .34 2.1 1.16 3.2 .85 2.9 1.00 2.1 .41 1.2
1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.
4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by major industry group, September 2018
Goods-producing(1) Service-providing(2)
All Trade, Professional Education Leisure
Compensation All goods- Construction Manufacturing service- transportation, Information Financial and and and Other services
component producing(1) providing(2) and activities business health hospitality
utilities services services
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $39.80 100.0 $39.65 100.0 $39.41 100.0 $33.42 100.0 $28.63 100.0 $59.46 100.0 $49.46 100.0 $41.65 100.0 $37.30 100.0 $15.14 100.0 $26.75 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 26.59 66.8 27.49 69.3 25.87 65.7 23.52 70.4 20.10 70.2 38.62 65.0 32.51 65.7 29.49 70.8 26.32 70.5 11.91 78.7 19.73 73.7
Total benefits............................... 13.21 33.2 12.17 30.7 13.53 34.3 9.90 29.6 8.53 29.8 20.84 35.0 16.95 34.3 12.16 29.2 10.99 29.5 3.22 21.3 7.02 26.3
Paid leave................................. 2.56 6.4 1.73 4.4 2.97 7.5 2.38 7.1 1.78 6.2 5.42 9.1 4.20 8.5 3.06 7.3 3.00 8.1 .45 3.0 1.59 5.9
Vacation................................. 1.32 3.3 .91 2.3 1.53 3.9 1.23 3.7 .94 3.3 2.84 4.8 2.22 4.5 1.60 3.8 1.51 4.0 .24 1.6 .77 2.9
Holiday.................................. .89 2.2 .60 1.5 1.04 2.6 .69 2.1 .51 1.8 1.42 2.4 1.18 2.4 .91 2.2 .89 2.4 .11 .7 .51 1.9
Sick..................................... .26 .7 .15 .4 .31 .8 .31 .9 .23 .8 .61 1.0 .54 1.1 .37 .9 .41 1.1 .06 .4 .20 .8
Personal................................. .09 .2 .07 .2 .09 .2 .15 .5 .11 .4 .55 .9 .26 .5 .18 .4 .20 .5 .03 .2 .11 .4
Supplemental pay........................... 1.63 4.1 1.12 2.8 1.83 4.6 1.26 3.8 .81 2.8 2.83 4.8 (*)3.85 7.8 (*)2.25 5.4 .73 2.0 .17 1.1 .37 1.4
Overtime and premium(3).................. .64 1.6 .69 1.7 .59 1.5 .22 .7 .29 1.0 .25 .4 .20 .4 .27 .6 .20 .5 .08 .5 .14 .5
Shift differentials...................... .09 .2 .02 (4) .14 .4 .06 .2 .03 .1 .03 .1 (5) (4) .02 (4) .22 .6 (5) (4) (5) (4)
Nonproduction bonuses.................... .89 2.2 .41 1.0 1.10 2.8 .97 2.9 .50 1.7 2.55 4.3 (*)3.63 7.3 (*)1.96 4.7 .31 .8 .08 .5 (*).21 .8
Insurance.................................. 3.73 9.4 3.22 8.1 3.97 10.1 2.53 7.6 2.32 8.1 5.25 8.8 3.97 8.0 2.56 6.1 3.24 8.7 .85 5.6 1.90 7.1
Life..................................... .06 .2 .05 .1 .07 .2 .04 .1 .03 .1 .08 .1 .06 .1 .05 .1 .05 .1 (5) (4) .03 .1
Health................................... 3.53 8.9 3.08 7.8 3.75 9.5 2.38 7.1 2.19 7.7 4.83 8.1 3.71 7.5 2.38 5.7 3.06 8.2 .83 5.5 1.82 6.8
Short-term disability.................... .08 .2 .06 .2 .09 .2 .06 .2 .05 .2 .25 .4 .14 .3 .07 .2 .06 .2 (5) (4) .03 .1
Long-term disability..................... .05 .1 .03 .1 .05 .1 .05 .1 .04 .2 .09 .1 .06 .1 .06 .1 .07 .2 (5) (4) .02 .1
Retirement and savings..................... 1.96 4.9 2.16 5.5 1.76 4.5 1.22 3.6 1.22 4.3 3.60 6.1 1.85 3.7 1.31 3.1 1.37 3.7 .24 1.6 .91 3.4
Defined benefit.......................... .97 2.4 1.34 3.4 .71 1.8 .48 1.4 .60 2.1 1.95 3.3 .50 1.0 .52 1.2 .40 1.1 .07 .5 (*).41 1.5
Defined contribution..................... .99 2.5 .83 2.1 1.05 2.7 .74 2.2 .62 2.2 1.66 2.8 1.35 2.7 .79 1.9 .97 2.6 .16 1.1 .50 1.9
Legally required benefits.................. 3.34 8.4 3.93 9.9 3.00 7.6 2.51 7.5 2.39 8.4 3.74 6.3 3.08 6.2 2.99 7.2 2.64 7.1 1.52 10.0 2.26 8.4
Social Security and Medicare............. 2.27 5.7 2.28 5.8 2.25 5.7 1.95 5.8 1.67 5.8 3.24 5.5 2.69 5.4 2.42 5.8 2.16 5.8 1.02 6.8 1.64 6.1
Social Security(6)..................... 1.83 4.6 1.84 4.7 1.81 4.6 1.55 4.7 1.34 4.7 2.57 4.3 2.11 4.3 1.92 4.6 1.73 4.6 .83 5.5 1.32 4.9
Medicare............................... .44 1.1 .44 1.1 .44 1.1 .39 1.2 .33 1.1 .67 1.1 .58 1.2 .50 1.2 .43 1.2 .19 1.3 .32 1.2
Federal unemployment insurance........... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .04 .1 .04 .1 .03 .1 .04 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .05 .3 .03 .1
State unemployment insurance............. .20 .5 .27 .7 .16 .4 .14 .4 .12 .4 .15 .2 .13 .3 .19 .5 .15 .4 .13 .8 .13 .5
Workers' compensation.................... .84 2.1 1.34 3.4 .56 1.4 .38 1.1 .57 2.0 .32 .5 .22 .5 .35 .8 .30 .8 .31 2.1 .45 1.7
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste
services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
4 Less than .05 percent.
5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
6 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
(*) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by Census region and division, September 2018
Census region and division(1)
Northeast Northeast divisions South South divisions Midwest Midwest divisions West West divisions
Compensation
component
New England Middle Atlantic South Atlantic East South Central West South Central East North Central West North Central Mountain Pacific
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $41.98 100.0 $42.06 100.0 $41.95 100.0 $31.13 100.0 $31.27 100.0 $26.87 100.0 $32.94 100.0 31.17 100.0 31.45 100.0 30.52 100.0 37.38 100.0 33.06 100.0 39.42 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 27.90 66.5 28.84 68.6 27.60 65.8 22.14 71.1 22.18 70.9 18.89 70.3 23.65 71.8 21.68 69.5 21.76 69.2 21.48 70.4 26.47 70.8 23.79 72.0 27.74 70.4
Total benefits............................... 14.08 33.5 13.22 31.4 14.35 34.2 8.99 28.9 9.09 29.1 7.98 29.7 9.29 28.2 9.49 30.5 9.69 30.8 9.04 29.6 10.91 29.2 9.27 28.0 11.68 29.6
Paid leave................................. 3.14 7.5 3.25 7.7 3.11 7.4 2.12 6.8 2.17 6.9 1.75 6.5 2.21 6.7 2.10 6.7 2.14 6.8 2.01 6.6 2.61 7.0 2.26 6.8 2.77 7.0
Vacation................................. 1.62 3.9 1.71 4.1 1.59 3.8 1.08 3.5 1.12 3.6 .89 3.3 1.12 3.4 1.14 3.7 1.16 3.7 1.09 3.6 1.32 3.5 1.15 3.5 1.40 3.6
Holiday.................................. .92 2.2 .98 2.3 .90 2.1 .65 2.1 .64 2.0 .58 2.2 .70 2.1 .62 2.0 .64 2.0 .58 1.9 .80 2.1 .67 2.0 .86 2.2
Sick..................................... .41 1.0 .39 .9 .42 1.0 .25 .8 .26 .8 .19 .7 .27 .8 .23 .7 .22 .7 .23 .8 .35 .9 .29 .9 .38 1.0
Personal................................. .20 .5 .18 .4 .20 .5 .14 .4 .15 .5 .09 .4 .14 .4 .11 .4 .11 .4 .11 .4 .13 .4 .14 .4 .12 .3
Supplemental pay........................... (*)2.72 6.5 1.37 3.3 (*)3.16 7.5 1.00 3.2 .94 3.0 .84 3.1 1.19 3.6 1.01 3.2 1.07 3.4 .89 2.9 1.00 2.7 .90 2.7 1.05 2.7
Overtime and premium(2).................. .28 .7 .25 .6 .30 .7 .31 1.0 .25 .8 .27 1.0 .42 1.3 .31 1.0 .32 1.0 .28 .9 .25 .7 .23 .7 .26 .7
Shift differentials...................... .09 .2 .14 .3 .07 .2 .07 .2 .09 .3 .08 .3 .05 .2 .08 .3 .08 .2 .08 .3 .04 .1 .05 .1 .03 .1
Nonproduction bonuses.................... (*)2.35 5.6 .98 2.3 (*)2.79 6.7 .62 2.0 .60 1.9 .49 1.8 .72 2.2 .62 2.0 .67 2.1 .53 1.7 .71 1.9 .62 1.9 .75 1.9
Insurance.................................. 3.41 8.1 3.63 8.6 3.34 8.0 2.35 7.6 2.42 7.7 2.36 8.8 2.24 6.8 2.70 8.7 2.78 8.8 2.53 8.3 2.85 7.6 2.38 7.2 3.07 7.8
Life..................................... .05 .1 .05 .1 .05 .1 .05 .2 .05 .2 .04 .2 .05 .1 .04 .1 .04 .1 .04 .1 .04 .1 .04 .1 .05 .1
Health................................... 3.19 7.6 3.40 8.1 3.13 7.5 2.21 7.1 2.26 7.2 2.23 8.3 2.11 6.4 2.55 8.2 2.62 8.3 2.38 7.8 2.71 7.2 2.23 6.8 2.93 7.4
Short-term disability.................... .11 .3 .10 .2 .11 .3 .05 .2 .06 .2 .05 .2 .04 .1 .07 .2 .07 .2 .06 .2 .05 .1 .05 .2 .04 .1
Long-term disability..................... .05 .1 .08 .2 .05 .1 .04 .1 .05 .1 .04 .2 .04 .1 .05 .2 .05 .2 .05 .2 .05 .1 .05 .2 .05 .1
Retirement and savings..................... 1.70 4.1 1.97 4.7 1.61 3.8 1.18 3.8 1.24 4.0 .99 3.7 1.16 3.5 1.22 3.9 1.24 3.9 1.15 3.8 1.46 3.9 1.19 3.6 1.58 4.0
Defined benefit.......................... .84 2.0 .81 1.9 .86 2.0 .50 1.6 .54 1.7 (*).38 1.4 .48 1.5 .45 1.4 .50 1.6 .34 1.1 .54 1.5 .30 .9 .66 1.7
Defined contribution..................... .86 2.0 1.16 2.8 .76 1.8 .68 2.2 .70 2.2 .61 2.3 .68 2.1 .76 2.5 .74 2.4 .81 2.7 .91 2.4 .89 2.7 .93 2.3
Legally required benefits.................. 3.10 7.4 3.00 7.1 3.14 7.5 2.33 7.5 2.32 7.4 2.04 7.6 2.49 7.6 2.47 7.9 2.47 7.9 2.46 8.0 3.00 8.0 2.55 7.7 3.21 8.1
Social Security and Medicare............. 2.31 5.5 2.35 5.6 2.29 5.5 1.85 5.9 1.84 5.9 1.63 6.0 1.97 6.0 1.86 6.0 1.86 5.9 1.86 6.1 2.16 5.8 2.00 6.0 2.23 5.7
Social Security(3)..................... 1.82 4.3 1.87 4.4 1.81 4.3 1.48 4.8 1.47 4.7 1.31 4.9 1.57 4.8 1.50 4.8 1.50 4.8 1.50 4.9 1.72 4.6 1.61 4.9 1.78 4.5
Medicare............................... .49 1.2 .48 1.1 .49 1.2 .37 1.2 .37 1.2 .31 1.2 .39 1.2 .36 1.2 .36 1.2 .36 1.2 .43 1.2 .39 1.2 .46 1.2
Federal unemployment insurance........... .02 .1 .02 .1 .02 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .02 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .07 .2 .03 .1 .09 .2
State unemployment insurance............. .25 .6 .24 .6 .25 .6 .08 .3 .08 .2 .07 .2 .10 .3 .15 .5 .17 .5 .12 .4 .19 .5 .13 .4 .21 .5
Workers' compensation.................... .53 1.3 .38 .9 .57 1.4 .38 1.2 .38 1.2 .32 1.2 .40 1.2 .43 1.4 .42 1.3 .45 1.5 .58 1.6 .39 1.2 .67 1.7
1 The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
2 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
3 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
(*) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.
Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by establishment employment
size, September 2018
1-99 workers 100 workers or more
Compensation
component 1-99 workers 1-49 workers 50-99 workers 100 workers or more 100-499 workers 500 workers or more
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $29.07 100.0 $28.50 100.0 $30.89 100.0 $40.95 100.0 $35.29 100.0 $49.29 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 21.13 72.7 20.95 73.5 21.69 70.2 27.50 67.1 24.32 68.9 32.17 65.3
Total benefits............................... 7.94 27.3 7.55 26.5 9.20 29.8 13.45 32.9 10.97 31.1 17.11 34.7
Paid leave................................. 1.71 5.9 1.64 5.8 1.90 6.2 3.24 7.9 2.56 7.3 4.24 8.6
Vacation................................. .88 3.0 .84 2.9 1.00 3.2 1.68 4.1 1.33 3.8 2.20 4.5
Holiday.................................. .53 1.8 .53 1.8 .56 1.8 .95 2.3 .76 2.2 1.22 2.5
Sick..................................... .20 .7 .19 .7 .22 .7 .42 1.0 .31 .9 .57 1.2
Personal................................. .10 .3 .09 .3 .12 .4 .19 .5 .16 .4 .25 .5
Supplemental pay........................... (*)1.16 4.0 (*)1.07 3.8 (*)1.46 4.7 1.51 3.7 1.09 3.1 2.12 4.3
Overtime and premium(1).................. .23 .8 .20 .7 .30 1.0 .37 .9 .35 1.0 .39 .8
Shift differentials...................... .02 .1 (2) (3) .04 .1 .13 .3 .08 .2 .22 .4
Nonproduction bonuses.................... (*).92 3.2 (*).86 3.0 (*)1.11 3.6 1.01 2.5 .66 1.9 1.51 3.1
Insurance.................................. 1.89 6.5 1.77 6.2 2.29 7.4 3.74 9.1 3.13 8.9 4.63 9.4
Life..................................... .03 .1 .03 .1 .04 .1 .06 .1 .05 .2 .07 .1
Health................................... 1.79 6.2 1.68 5.9 2.17 7.0 3.51 8.6 2.95 8.4 4.34 8.8
Short-term disability.................... .04 .1 .03 .1 .05 .1 .10 .2 .08 .2 .13 .3
Long-term disability..................... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .07 .2 .05 .1 .10 .2
Retirement and savings..................... .78 2.7 .70 2.5 1.05 3.4 2.01 4.9 1.48 4.2 2.79 5.7
Defined benefit.......................... .29 1.0 .25 .9 .44 1.4 .87 2.1 .62 1.8 1.24 2.5
Defined contribution..................... .49 1.7 .45 1.6 .60 1.9 1.13 2.8 .85 2.4 1.55 3.1
Legally required benefits.................. 2.40 8.2 2.37 8.3 2.50 8.1 2.96 7.2 2.70 7.6 3.34 6.8
Social Security and Medicare............. 1.74 6.0 1.72 6.0 1.81 5.9 2.32 5.7 2.02 5.7 2.75 5.6
Social Security(4)..................... 1.39 4.8 1.37 4.8 1.44 4.7 1.85 4.5 1.62 4.6 2.19 4.4
Medicare............................... .35 1.2 .34 1.2 .36 1.2 .46 1.1 .40 1.1 .55 1.1
Federal unemployment insurance........... .04 .1 .04 .1 .04 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1
State unemployment insurance............. .16 .5 .16 .5 .16 .5 .15 .4 .16 .4 .14 .3
Workers' compensation.................... .46 1.6 .45 1.6 .50 1.6 .46 1.1 .49 1.4 .43 .9
1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.
4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
(*) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.
Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private
industry workers, goods-producing and service-providing industries, by occupational group, September 2018
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All workers in private industry...................... $34.53 $24.06 $10.48 $2.41 $1.32 $2.74 $1.35 $2.66
Management, professional, and related.......... 61.40 42.25 19.14 5.27 2.98 4.33 2.60 3.97
Management, business, and financial.......... 71.11 47.57 23.54 6.32 (*)5.39 4.53 2.94 4.36
Professional and related..................... 55.90 39.24 16.65 4.68 1.61 4.22 2.40 3.75
Sales and office............................... 25.91 18.58 7.34 1.68 .69 2.23 .79 1.95
Sales and related............................ 25.18 18.94 6.25 1.46 .68 1.54 .66 1.91
Office and administrative support............ 26.40 18.33 8.06 1.83 .70 2.68 .87 1.98
Service........................................ 16.27 12.36 3.91 .64 .30 1.11 .28 1.57
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................. 35.70 24.16 11.54 1.78 1.14 3.14 2.04 3.45
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)........................... 36.92 24.80 12.13 1.37 1.12 3.19 2.51 3.93
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 34.54 23.56 10.99 2.16 1.16 3.08 1.58 2.99
Production, transportation, and material moving 28.74 19.06 9.68 1.70 1.11 2.96 1.25 2.66
Production................................... 27.54 18.39 9.15 1.65 1.26 2.95 .88 2.40
Transportation and material moving........... 29.86 19.68 10.18 1.74 .98 2.96 1.60 2.90
All workers, goods-producing industries(2)....... 39.80 26.59 13.21 2.56 1.63 3.73 1.96 3.34
Management, professional, and related.......... 69.77 47.25 22.52 6.05 2.77 5.17 3.91 4.61
Sales and office............................... 32.88 22.79 10.08 2.20 1.07 3.14 1.07 2.60
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................. 37.76 25.28 12.49 1.56 1.29 3.44 2.34 3.85
Production, transportation, and material moving 29.64 19.27 10.37 1.80 1.49 3.45 1.03 2.60
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 33.42 23.52 9.90 2.38 1.26 2.53 1.22 2.51
Management, professional, and related.......... 60.21 41.55 18.66 5.16 3.00 4.21 2.41 3.88
Sales and office............................... 25.44 18.29 7.15 1.65 .67 2.16 .77 1.91
Service........................................ 16.23 12.34 3.89 .63 .29 1.11 .28 1.57
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................. 33.04 22.72 10.32 2.06 .95 2.74 1.64 2.93
Production, transportation, and material moving 28.06 18.90 9.16 1.62 .83 2.58 1.42 2.71
Percent of total compensation
All workers in private industry...................... 100.0 69.7 30.3 7.0 3.8 7.9 3.9 7.7
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 68.8 31.2 8.6 4.8 7.1 4.2 6.5
Management, business, and financial.......... 100.0 66.9 33.1 8.9 7.6 6.4 4.1 6.1
Professional and related..................... 100.0 70.2 29.8 8.4 2.9 7.5 4.3 6.7
Sales and office............................... 100.0 71.7 28.3 6.5 2.7 8.6 3.0 7.5
Sales and related............................ 100.0 75.2 24.8 5.8 2.7 6.1 2.6 7.6
Office and administrative support............ 100.0 69.5 30.5 6.9 2.7 10.1 3.3 7.5
Service........................................ 100.0 76.0 24.0 3.9 1.8 6.9 1.8 9.7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................. 100.0 67.7 32.3 5.0 3.2 8.8 5.7 9.7
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)........................... 100.0 67.2 32.8 3.7 3.0 8.6 6.8 10.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 100.0 68.2 31.8 6.3 3.4 8.9 4.6 8.7
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 66.3 33.7 5.9 3.9 10.3 4.4 9.3
Production................................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 6.0 4.6 10.7 3.2 8.7
Transportation and material moving........... 100.0 65.9 34.1 5.8 3.3 9.9 5.3 9.7
All workers, goods-producing industries(2)....... 100.0 66.8 33.2 6.4 4.1 9.4 4.9 8.4
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 67.7 32.3 8.7 4.0 7.4 5.6 6.6
Sales and office............................... 100.0 69.3 30.7 6.7 3.2 9.6 3.3 7.9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................. 100.0 66.9 33.1 4.1 3.4 9.1 6.2 10.2
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 65.0 35.0 6.1 5.0 11.7 3.5 8.8
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 100.0 70.4 29.6 7.1 3.8 7.6 3.6 7.5
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 69.0 31.0 8.6 5.0 7.0 4.0 6.4
Sales and office............................... 100.0 71.9 28.1 6.5 2.6 8.5 3.0 7.5
Service........................................ 100.0 76.0 24.0 3.9 1.8 6.8 1.7 9.7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................. 100.0 68.8 31.2 6.2 2.9 8.3 5.0 8.9
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 67.4 32.6 5.8 3.0 9.2 5.0 9.6
1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and
recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(*) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.
Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private
industry workers, by industry group, September 2018
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All workers, goods-producing industries(1)....... $39.80 $26.59 $13.21 $2.56 $1.63 $3.73 $1.96 $3.34
Construction................................... 39.65 27.49 12.17 1.73 1.12 3.22 2.16 3.93
Manufacturing.................................. 39.41 25.87 13.53 2.97 1.83 3.97 1.76 3.00
Aircraft manufacturing(2).................... 70.17 42.23 27.94 6.21 5.10 7.04 5.13 4.45
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 33.42 23.52 9.90 2.38 1.26 2.53 1.22 2.51
Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 28.63 20.10 8.53 1.78 .81 2.32 1.22 2.39
Wholesale trade.............................. 37.53 26.58 10.95 2.72 1.24 2.81 1.31 2.87
Retail trade................................. 20.05 15.12 4.93 .96 .43 1.35 .48 1.71
Transportation and warehousing............... 40.39 25.91 14.48 2.79 1.32 4.11 2.65 3.61
Utilities.................................... 62.91 37.81 25.09 5.40 2.34 6.37 6.52 4.46
Information.................................... 59.46 38.62 20.84 5.42 2.83 5.25 3.60 3.74
Financial activities........................... 49.46 32.51 16.95 4.20 (*)3.85 3.97 1.85 3.08
Finance and insurance........................ 55.56 35.75 19.81 4.89 (*)4.92 4.47 2.25 3.28
Credit intermediation and related
activities.............................. 44.83 30.12 14.72 4.04 2.08 4.02 1.72 2.86
Insurance carriers and related activities.. 51.98 34.17 17.80 4.63 2.97 4.51 2.47 3.23
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 32.41 23.47 8.95 2.26 .85 2.57 .73 2.53
Professional and business services............. 41.65 29.49 12.16 3.06 (*)2.25 2.56 1.31 2.99
Professional and technical services.......... 52.43 37.60 14.82 4.53 1.64 3.40 1.68 3.58
Administrative and waste services............ 24.08 18.37 5.72 1.02 .66 1.41 .43 2.19
Education and health services.................. 37.30 26.32 10.99 3.00 .73 3.24 1.37 2.64
Educational services......................... 46.20 33.54 12.67 3.34 .24 3.70 2.19 3.20
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 57.71 40.35 17.36 4.87 .38 5.19 3.18 3.73
Health care and social assistance............ 36.00 25.26 10.74 2.95 .81 3.17 1.25 2.56
Leisure and hospitality........................ 15.14 11.91 3.22 .45 .17 .85 .24 1.52
Accommodation and food services.............. 13.67 10.86 2.81 .36 .15 .72 .18 1.39
Other services................................. 26.75 19.73 7.02 1.59 .37 1.90 .91 2.26
Percent of total compensation
All workers, goods-producing industries(1)....... 100.0 66.8 33.2 6.4 4.1 9.4 4.9 8.4
Construction................................... 100.0 69.3 30.7 4.4 2.8 8.1 5.5 9.9
Manufacturing.................................. 100.0 65.7 34.3 7.5 4.6 10.1 4.5 7.6
Aircraft manufacturing(2).................... 100.0 60.2 39.8 8.9 7.3 10.0 7.3 6.3
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 100.0 70.4 29.6 7.1 3.8 7.6 3.6 7.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 100.0 70.2 29.8 6.2 2.8 8.1 4.3 8.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 100.0 70.8 29.2 7.2 3.3 7.5 3.5 7.6
Retail trade................................. 100.0 75.4 24.6 4.8 2.1 6.7 2.4 8.5
Transportation and warehousing............... 100.0 64.2 35.8 6.9 3.3 10.2 6.6 8.9
Utilities.................................... 100.0 60.1 39.9 8.6 3.7 10.1 10.4 7.1
Information.................................... 100.0 65.0 35.0 9.1 4.8 8.8 6.1 6.3
Financial activities........................... 100.0 65.7 34.3 8.5 7.8 8.0 3.7 6.2
Finance and insurance........................ 100.0 64.3 35.7 8.8 8.9 8.1 4.1 5.9
Credit intermediation and related
activities.............................. 100.0 67.2 32.8 9.0 4.6 9.0 3.8 6.4
Insurance carriers and related activities.. 100.0 65.7 34.3 8.9 5.7 8.7 4.7 6.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 100.0 72.4 27.6 7.0 2.6 7.9 2.3 7.8
Professional and business services............. 100.0 70.8 29.2 7.3 5.4 6.1 3.1 7.2
Professional and technical services.......... 100.0 71.7 28.3 8.6 3.1 6.5 3.2 6.8
Administrative and waste services............ 100.0 76.3 23.7 4.3 2.8 5.8 1.8 9.1
Education and health services.................. 100.0 70.5 29.5 8.1 2.0 8.7 3.7 7.1
Educational services......................... 100.0 72.6 27.4 7.2 .5 8.0 4.7 6.9
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.4 .7 9.0 5.5 6.5
Health care and social assistance............ 100.0 70.2 29.8 8.2 2.2 8.8 3.5 7.1
Leisure and hospitality........................ 100.0 78.7 21.3 3.0 1.1 5.6 1.6 10.0
Accommodation and food services.............. 100.0 79.4 20.6 2.7 1.1 5.3 1.3 10.2
Other services................................. 100.0 73.7 26.3 5.9 1.4 7.1 3.4 8.4
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
2 Data are available beginning with December 2006.
3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and
recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(*) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.
Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private
industry workers, by occupational group and full-time and part-time status, September 2018
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All full-time workers in private industry.......... $40.18 $27.39 $12.79 $3.06 $1.68 $3.41 $1.67 $2.96
Management, professional, and related.......... 63.57 43.25 20.33 5.67 3.24 4.63 2.76 4.02
Management, business, and financial.......... 71.67 47.81 23.86 6.42 (*)5.48 4.60 2.99 4.37
Professional and related..................... 58.21 40.23 17.98 5.17 1.76 4.65 2.61 3.79
Sales and office............................... 30.75 21.46 9.29 2.27 .91 2.90 1.02 2.20
Sales and related............................ 35.41 25.81 9.60 2.52 1.12 2.45 1.06 2.46
Office and administrative support............ 28.71 19.55 9.15 2.16 .82 3.09 1.00 2.08
Service........................................ 19.40 13.84 5.56 1.09 .46 1.87 .46 1.68
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................. 36.75 24.70 12.05 1.88 1.20 3.31 2.14 3.52
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)........................... 37.85 25.29 12.56 1.44 1.18 3.33 2.61 3.99
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 35.69 24.13 11.56 2.30 1.22 3.30 1.69 3.06
Production, transportation, and material moving 30.85 20.30 10.55 1.93 1.26 3.26 1.32 2.77
Production................................... 28.63 18.91 9.72 1.78 1.35 3.18 .95 2.45
Transportation and material moving........... 33.32 21.84 11.47 2.10 1.16 3.35 1.73 3.13
All part-time workers in private industry.......... 18.20 14.41 3.79 .53 .28 .80 .40 1.78
Management, professional, and related.......... 44.31 34.45 9.86 2.18 .89 1.98 1.28 3.53
Professional and related..................... 44.10 34.22 9.88 2.18 .86 2.01 1.34 3.50
Sales and office............................... 15.35 12.27 3.08 .41 .21 .76 .29 1.41
Sales and related............................ 13.88 11.34 2.54 .28 .19 .55 .21 1.30
Office and administrative support............ 17.59 13.69 3.91 .59 .24 1.09 .41 1.58
Service........................................ 13.29 10.95 2.33 .20 .14 .39 .12 1.47
Production, transportation, and material moving 17.80 12.62 5.19 .49 .34 1.38 .89 2.09
Transportation and material moving........... 18.43 12.53 5.90 .54 .36 1.69 1.15 2.15
Percent of total compensation
All full-time workers in private industry.......... 100.0 68.2 31.8 7.6 4.2 8.5 4.2 7.4
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 68.0 32.0 8.9 5.1 7.3 4.3 6.3
Management, business, and financial.......... 100.0 66.7 33.3 9.0 7.7 6.4 4.2 6.1
Professional and related..................... 100.0 69.1 30.9 8.9 3.0 8.0 4.5 6.5
Sales and office............................... 100.0 69.8 30.2 7.4 3.0 9.4 3.3 7.1
Sales and related............................ 100.0 72.9 27.1 7.1 3.2 6.9 3.0 6.9
Office and administrative support............ 100.0 68.1 31.9 7.5 2.9 10.8 3.5 7.3
Service........................................ 100.0 71.3 28.7 5.6 2.4 9.7 2.4 8.6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................. 100.0 67.2 32.8 5.1 3.3 9.0 5.8 9.6
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)........................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 3.8 3.1 8.8 6.9 10.6
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 100.0 67.6 32.4 6.4 3.4 9.2 4.7 8.6
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 65.8 34.2 6.3 4.1 10.6 4.3 9.0
Production................................... 100.0 66.1 33.9 6.2 4.7 11.1 3.3 8.6
Transportation and material moving........... 100.0 65.6 34.4 6.3 3.5 10.1 5.2 9.4
All part-time workers in private industry.......... 100.0 79.2 20.8 2.9 1.5 4.4 2.2 9.8
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 77.8 22.2 4.9 2.0 4.5 2.9 8.0
Professional and related..................... 100.0 77.6 22.4 4.9 1.9 4.6 3.0 7.9
Sales and office............................... 100.0 79.9 20.1 2.6 1.4 5.0 1.9 9.2
Sales and related............................ 100.0 81.7 18.3 2.1 1.4 3.9 1.5 9.4
Office and administrative support............ 100.0 77.8 22.2 3.3 1.4 6.2 2.3 9.0
Service........................................ 100.0 82.4 17.6 1.5 1.1 2.9 .9 11.1
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 70.9 29.1 2.7 1.9 7.7 5.0 11.7
Transportation and material moving........... 100.0 68.0 32.0 2.9 2.0 9.2 6.3 11.7
1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
(*) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
private industry workers, by industry group and full-time and part-time status, September 2018
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All full-time workers in private industry.... $40.18 $27.39 $12.79 $3.06 $1.68 $3.41 $1.67 $2.96
Goods-producing(1)......................... 40.40 26.89 13.51 2.63 1.67 3.83 2.02 3.36
Construction............................. 40.71 28.02 12.69 1.83 1.17 3.41 2.29 3.99
Manufacturing............................ 39.79 26.09 13.70 3.02 1.86 4.03 1.79 3.01
Service-providing(2)....................... 40.12 27.54 12.58 3.19 1.69 3.29 1.57 2.84
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 35.51 24.44 11.08 2.52 1.12 3.02 1.57 2.85
Information.............................. 63.09 40.82 22.27 5.82 3.03 5.61 3.88 3.93
Financial activities..................... 52.40 34.22 18.17 4.55 (*)4.19 4.24 1.98 3.20
Professional and business services....... 45.45 31.62 13.83 3.59 (*)2.61 2.96 1.50 3.16
Education and health services............ 40.26 27.80 12.46 3.54 .81 3.81 1.61 2.70
Leisure and hospitality.................. 19.73 14.49 5.23 .96 .33 1.76 .48 1.70
Other services........................... 32.48 23.15 9.33 2.31 .45 2.81 1.20 2.57
All part-time workers in private industry.... 18.20 14.41 3.79 .53 .28 .80 .40 1.78
Service-providing(2)....................... 18.08 14.32 3.76 .53 .27 .80 .40 1.76
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 15.93 12.10 3.83 .42 .26 1.03 .57 1.56
Professional and business services....... 23.10 19.08 4.02 .49 .48 .56 (*).36 2.13
Education and health services............ 28.77 22.03 6.73 1.47 .52 1.58 .70 2.47
Leisure and hospitality.................. 11.80 10.04 1.76 .08 .04 .20 .06 1.38
Percent of total compensation
All full-time workers in private industry.... 100.0 68.2 31.8 7.6 4.2 8.5 4.2 7.4
Goods-producing(1)......................... 100.0 66.6 33.4 6.5 4.1 9.5 5.0 8.3
Construction............................. 100.0 68.8 31.2 4.5 2.9 8.4 5.6 9.8
Manufacturing............................ 100.0 65.6 34.4 7.6 4.7 10.1 4.5 7.6
Service-providing(2)....................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 7.9 4.2 8.2 3.9 7.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 100.0 68.8 31.2 7.1 3.1 8.5 4.4 8.0
Information.............................. 100.0 64.7 35.3 9.2 4.8 8.9 6.2 6.2
Financial activities..................... 100.0 65.3 34.7 8.7 8.0 8.1 3.8 6.1
Professional and business services....... 100.0 69.6 30.4 7.9 5.7 6.5 3.3 7.0
Education and health services............ 100.0 69.0 31.0 8.8 2.0 9.5 4.0 6.7
Leisure and hospitality.................. 100.0 73.5 26.5 4.9 1.7 8.9 2.4 8.6
Other services........................... 100.0 71.3 28.7 7.1 1.4 8.6 3.7 7.9
All part-time workers in private industry.... 100.0 79.2 20.8 2.9 1.5 4.4 2.2 9.8
Service-providing(2)....................... 100.0 79.2 20.8 2.9 1.5 4.4 2.2 9.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 100.0 75.9 24.1 2.7 1.6 6.5 3.6 9.8
Professional and business services....... 100.0 82.6 17.4 2.1 2.1 2.4 1.6 9.2
Education and health services............ 100.0 76.6 23.4 5.1 1.8 5.5 2.4 8.6
Leisure and hospitality.................. 100.0 85.1 14.9 .6 .4 1.7 .5 11.7
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is
excluded.
2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and
enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(*) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.
Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
private industry workers, by major industry group and establishment employment size and bargaining unit status,
September 2018
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All workers, goods-producing industries(1) $39.80 $26.59 $13.21 $2.56 $1.63 $3.73 $1.96 $3.34
1-99 workers............................... 33.69 23.71 9.98 1.72 1.04 2.72 1.25 3.24
1-49 workers............................. 32.67 23.45 9.22 1.56 .98 2.34 1.08 3.26
50-99 workers............................ 36.06 24.31 11.75 2.10 1.19 3.60 1.67 3.21
100 workers or more........................ 45.12 29.10 16.03 3.29 2.13 4.60 2.57 3.43
100-499 workers.......................... 39.77 26.32 13.45 2.60 1.57 4.08 1.93 3.28
500 workers or more...................... 52.72 33.04 19.68 4.26 2.93 5.35 3.49 3.65
Union...................................... 50.44 29.15 21.29 2.69 2.05 7.34 4.96 4.25
Nonunion................................... 37.83 26.11 11.72 2.53 1.55 3.06 1.40 3.17
All workers, service-providing
industries(2)........................... 33.42 23.52 9.90 2.38 1.26 2.53 1.22 2.51
1-99 workers............................... 28.25 20.67 7.58 1.70 (*)1.18 1.75 .70 2.25
1-49 workers............................. 27.83 20.55 7.28 1.66 (*)1.08 1.68 .64 2.22
50-99 workers............................ 29.67 21.08 8.60 1.86 (*)1.52 1.98 .90 2.34
100 workers or more........................ 39.89 27.09 12.80 3.23 1.35 3.52 1.86 2.84
100-499 workers.......................... 34.18 23.83 10.35 2.55 .97 2.90 1.37 2.56
500 workers or more...................... 48.39 31.95 16.44 4.23 1.91 4.44 2.61 3.26
Union...................................... 47.75 28.71 19.04 3.68 1.40 6.28 4.20 3.48
Nonunion................................... 32.27 23.10 9.16 2.28 1.25 2.23 .98 2.43
Percent of total compensation
All workers, goods-producing industries(1) 100.0 66.8 33.2 6.4 4.1 9.4 4.9 8.4
1-99 workers............................... 100.0 70.4 29.6 5.1 3.1 8.1 3.7 9.6
1-49 workers............................. 100.0 71.8 28.2 4.8 3.0 7.2 3.3 10.0
50-99 workers............................ 100.0 67.4 32.6 5.8 3.3 10.0 4.6 8.9
100 workers or more........................ 100.0 64.5 35.5 7.3 4.7 10.2 5.7 7.6
100-499 workers.......................... 100.0 66.2 33.8 6.5 4.0 10.3 4.8 8.2
500 workers or more...................... 100.0 62.7 37.3 8.1 5.6 10.2 6.6 6.9
Union...................................... 100.0 57.8 42.2 5.3 4.1 14.5 9.8 8.4
Nonunion................................... 100.0 69.0 31.0 6.7 4.1 8.1 3.7 8.4
All workers, service-providing
industries(2)........................... 100.0 70.4 29.6 7.1 3.8 7.6 3.6 7.5
1-99 workers............................... 100.0 73.2 26.8 6.0 4.2 6.2 2.5 8.0
1-49 workers............................. 100.0 73.8 26.2 6.0 3.9 6.0 2.3 8.0
50-99 workers............................ 100.0 71.0 29.0 6.3 5.1 6.7 3.0 7.9
100 workers or more........................ 100.0 67.9 32.1 8.1 3.4 8.8 4.7 7.1
100-499 workers.......................... 100.0 69.7 30.3 7.5 2.8 8.5 4.0 7.5
500 workers or more...................... 100.0 66.0 34.0 8.7 3.9 9.2 5.4 6.7
Union...................................... 100.0 60.1 39.9 7.7 2.9 13.2 8.8 7.3
Nonunion................................... 100.0 71.6 28.4 7.1 3.9 6.9 3.0 7.5
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is
excluded.
2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and
enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(*) The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.
Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
private industry health care and social assistance workers, by industry and occupational group, September 2018
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
Health care and social assistance............ $36.00 $25.26 $10.74 $2.95 $0.81 $3.17 $1.25 $2.56
Management, professional, and related.... 53.98 37.64 16.33 4.88 1.21 4.45 2.25 3.55
Registered nurses...................... 55.57 36.96 18.61 5.15 1.95 5.11 2.61 3.80
Sales and office......................... 25.07 17.51 7.56 1.90 .39 2.83 .61 1.83
Service.................................. 19.97 14.32 5.65 1.19 .52 1.84 .38 1.72
Hospitals.................................. 47.93 31.31 16.62 4.49 1.76 4.91 2.25 3.21
Management, professional, and related.... 57.98 38.20 19.79 5.64 2.06 5.46 2.81 3.82
Registered nurses...................... 59.48 38.61 20.87 5.82 2.37 5.67 3.02 3.98
Service.................................. 25.08 15.81 9.27 1.85 1.30 3.30 .97 1.86
Nursing and residential care facilities.... 23.82 17.14 6.68 1.57 .57 2.16 .38 2.01
Management, professional, and related.... 36.25 26.38 9.86 2.62 .86 2.94 .70 2.75
Service.................................. 18.38 13.10 5.27 1.09 .47 1.78 .24 1.69
Nursing care facilities(1)............... 26.35 18.95 7.40 1.74 .69 2.32 .52 2.12
Management, professional, and related.... 40.38 29.67 10.71 2.77 1.00 3.05 .85 3.04
Service.................................. 19.24 13.54 5.70 1.18 .56 1.93 .36 1.66
Percent of total compensation
Health care and social assistance............ 100.0 70.2 29.8 8.2 2.2 8.8 3.5 7.1
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 69.7 30.3 9.0 2.2 8.3 4.2 6.6
Registered nurses...................... 100.0 66.5 33.5 9.3 3.5 9.2 4.7 6.8
Sales and office......................... 100.0 69.8 30.2 7.6 1.5 11.3 2.4 7.3
Service.................................. 100.0 71.7 28.3 6.0 2.6 9.2 1.9 8.6
Hospitals.................................. 100.0 65.3 34.7 9.4 3.7 10.2 4.7 6.7
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 65.9 34.1 9.7 3.5 9.4 4.8 6.6
Registered nurses...................... 100.0 64.9 35.1 9.8 4.0 9.5 5.1 6.7
Service.................................. 100.0 63.0 37.0 7.4 5.2 13.2 3.9 7.4
Nursing and residential care facilities.... 100.0 71.9 28.1 6.6 2.4 9.1 1.6 8.4
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 72.8 27.2 7.2 2.4 8.1 1.9 7.6
Service.................................. 100.0 71.3 28.7 5.9 2.6 9.7 1.3 9.2
Nursing care facilities(1)............... 100.0 71.9 28.1 6.6 2.6 8.8 2.0 8.0
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 73.5 26.5 6.9 2.5 7.5 2.1 7.5
Service.................................. 100.0 70.4 29.6 6.2 2.9 10.0 1.9 8.6
1 Data are available beginning with December 2006.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
United States Department of Labor
