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Economic News Release
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Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                    USDL-25-0107
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 31, 2025

Technical information: (202) 691-6199  •  ncsinfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/eci
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  •  pressoffice@bls.gov

                                  EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – DECEMBER 2024

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.9 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month period
ending in December 2024, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries increased 
0.9 percent and benefit costs increased 0.8 percent from September 2024. 
(See tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 3.8 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 
2024 and increased 4.2 percent in December 2023. Wages and salaries increased 3.8 percent for the 12-month
period ending in December 2024 and increased 4.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2023. 
Benefit costs increased 3.6 percent over the year and increased 3.8 percent for the 12-month period ending
in December 2023. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 3.6 percent over the year. In December 2023, the
increase was 4.1 percent. Wages and salaries increased 3.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
December 2024 and increased 4.3 percent in December 2023. The cost of benefits increased 3.3 percent for 
the 12-month period ending in December 2024 and increased 3.6 percent in December 2023. Inflation-adjusted
(constant dollar) wages and salaries increased 0.8 percent for the 12 months ending December 2024. 
(See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Within private industry by bargaining status, compensation costs increased 5.1 percent for union workers 
and 3.4 percent for non-union workers for the 12-month period ending in December 2024. Wages and salaries
increased 5.5 percent for union workers and 3.5 percent for non-union workers for the 12-month period 
ending in December 2024. Benefit costs increased 4.6 percent for union workers and 3.1 percent for non-
union workers for the period ending in December 2024.(See tables 6, 10, and 12.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 4.7 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in December 2024 and increased 4.6 percent in December 2023. Wages and salaries increased 4.5 
percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2024 and 4.7 percent in December 2023. Benefit costs 
increased 4.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2024. The prior year’s increase was 4.6
percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Rounding Changes to Employment Cost Index (ECI) Estimates

Effective with the release of June 2025 ECI data on July 31, 2025, BLS will publish index levels to three
decimal places. Percent changes based on these more precise indexes will continue to be published to one 
decimal place. For more information, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2024/changes-to-index-rounding.htm.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted		 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, current dollar 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, constant dollar
Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

 0.8 0.9 4.2 3.9 3.8 0.9 1.4 0.8

Wages and salaries

 0.8 0.9 4.3 3.9 3.8 1.0 1.4 0.9

Benefits

 0.8 0.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 0.4 1.2 0.8

Private industry

Compensation(2)

 0.7 0.8 4.1 3.6 3.6 0.7 1.2 0.7

Wages and salaries

 0.8 0.9 4.3 3.8 3.7 0.9 1.2 0.8

Benefits

 0.7 0.7 3.6 3.3 3.3 0.2 0.8 0.4

Health benefits

 - - 1.8 3.4 3.4 - - -

State and local government

Compensation(2)

 1.1 0.9 4.6 4.7 4.7 1.3 2.2 1.7

Wages and salaries

 1.0 1.0 4.7 4.6 4.5 1.1 2.1 1.6

Benefits

 1.2 1.0 4.6 4.8 4.9 1.3 2.3 1.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

Note: All estimates in the table can be found in the public database at www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Dashes indicate data not available.

 


					   TECHNICAL NOTE
					   
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of 
employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage, 
methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation, see National Compensation Measures Handbook of Methods
at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size: Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 
26,700 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,300 private industry establishments
and approximately 7,400 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors: To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all 
current quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see 
www.bls.gov/eci/factsheets/eci-standard-errors.htm and the database query tool at 
www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to 
ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings: Historical ECI data are available in xlsx format at www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm.
The continuous occupational and industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification 
(SIC) Manual and Occupational Classification System (OCS) series from 1975 through 2005 and the North 
American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) from 2006
to the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in classification 
systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article 
published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data: The costs per hour worked of compensation components are
published as part of the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release
dates are available at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in
xlsx format at www.bls.gov/ecec/tables.htm. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights
rather than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually
differ from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights: For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing
the ECI, see www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-
employment-cost-index.htm. Beginning with the December 2022 release, the ECI introduced new employment 
weights, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2022/eci-2021-fixed-weights-and-2018-soc-update.htm.

Seasonal factors: Detailed information on seasonal factors for the 2024 reference year and the revisions
of historical seasonally adjusted data for the most recent five years can be found at www.bls.gov/eci/
factsheets/annual-seasonal-adjustment.htm. More information on seasonal adjustment can be found at 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2024/article/seasonality-in-the-employment-cost-index.htm. 

Additional information: Historical tables are available in xlsx format for constant dollar, current
dollar, and continuous series, see www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. ECI release dates are available on the
release calendar at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/eci.htm. Subscribe to receive the BLS Economic 
News Release email at public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. If you are deaf, hard of
hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Jun.
2024		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

 166.8 168.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 160.6 161.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.7

Manufacturing

 160.6 161.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7

Service-providing industries(4)

 168.1 169.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9

Education and health services

 166.4 167.7 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8

Educational services

 164.9 166.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 165.0 166.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 163.5 164.9 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.3 0.9

Health care and social assistance

 168.0 169.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.8

Hospitals

 168.4 169.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.9

Nursing and residential care facilities

 167.8 169.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.7

Public administration

 173.6 175.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.3

Private industry workers

All workers

 166.3 167.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 161.3 162.6 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8

Management, business, and financial

 161.6 163.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.9

Professional and related

 161.2 162.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7

Sales and office

 168.6 170.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.9

Sales and related

 165.0 167.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.4 1.1 1.6 -0.4 -0.1 1.2

Office and administrative support

 171.2 172.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 164.2 165.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 162.5 164.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 166.1 167.7 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 172.0 173.0 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.6

Production

 166.9 168.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8

Transportation and material moving

 177.9 178.6 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.3 1.7 0.8 0.4

Service occupations

 179.2 180.8 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 160.6 161.7 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.7

Construction

 160.7 161.6 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.9 -0.3 1.1 0.6

Manufacturing

 160.6 161.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7

Aircraft manufacturing

 137.2 140.7 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.7 1.0 -0.6 0.8 2.6

Service-providing industries(5)

 167.8 169.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 172.4 173.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.6

Wholesale trade

 162.9 164.5 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.4 -0.1 0.6 1.0

Retail trade

 175.7 176.9 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.8 -0.1 1.4 0.9 0.7

Transportation and warehousing

 177.1 177.1 0.6 1.0 1.4 0.7 3.0 1.9 1.9 0.7 0.0

Utilities

 176.7 178.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.9

Information

 161.3 162.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.9 -0.2 1.4 0.5

Financial activities

 162.8 165.1 1.2 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.4 1.4

Finance and insurance

 163.0 165.7 1.3 0.3 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.2 1.7

Credit intermediation and related activities

 164.5 168.2 1.3 1.4 0.4 1.3 1.1 1.6 0.4 0.0 2.2

Insurance carriers and related activities

 163.9 165.6 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.7 1.2 -0.1 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

 161.9 162.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.6 0.8 1.4 0.4

Professional and business services

 165.5 167.3 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.2 1.1

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 166.0 168.0 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.0 1.2

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 166.5 168.4 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1

Education and health services

 166.5 167.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.7

Educational services

 163.3 163.7 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.2

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 161.8 163.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.7 1.5 0.9

Health care and social assistance

 167.2 168.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.7

Hospitals

 168.2 169.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.8

Nursing and residential care facilities

 166.2 167.4 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

 178.2 180.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.4 0.6 1.1

Accommodation and food services

 182.0 184.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.4 1.5 0.6 1.1

Other services, except public administration

 170.5 172.6 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.0 0.6 1.2

State and local government workers

All workers

 169.1 170.7 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9

Industry

Education and health services

 166.3 167.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.8

Educational services

 165.3 166.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8

Schools

 165.3 166.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools

 165.5 166.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 173.6 175.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.7 1.1 0.9 1.2

Hospitals

 169.5 171.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.6 1.7 1.2 0.8 1.1

Public administration

 173.6 175.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Jun.
2024		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 166.7 168.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 164.5 165.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.3 1.0 0.8

Manufacturing

 164.9 166.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.8

Service-providing industries(3)

 167.1 168.7 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.0

Education and health services

 162.0 163.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8

Educational services

 154.9 156.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 153.1 154.3 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 156.1 157.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.2 0.9

Health care and social assistance

 169.3 170.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.8

Hospitals

 169.2 170.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0

Public administration

 161.9 163.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.7 1.1

Private industry workers

All workers

 168.9 170.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 162.7 164.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9

Professional and related

 163.1 164.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9

Management, business, and financial

 162.4 163.8 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.9

Sales and office

 171.0 172.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.9

Office and administrative support

 173.0 174.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 166.7 168.5 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 164.8 166.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 168.9 170.7 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

 176.6 177.6 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6

Production

 171.0 172.4 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.8

Transportation and material moving

 182.6 183.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.9 1.6 1.3 0.8 0.4

Service occupations

 184.5 186.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 164.6 165.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.2 1.1 0.7

Construction

 163.6 164.6 1.2 1.5 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 -0.8 1.5 0.6

Manufacturing

 164.9 166.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.8

Aircraft manufacturing

 164.2 167.2 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.6 1.8

Service-providing industries(4)

 170.0 171.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 173.9 175.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6

Wholesale trade

 159.9 161.5 1.2 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.6 -0.3 0.4 1.0

Retail trade

 179.2 180.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.0 1.4 0.8 0.7

Transportation and warehousing

 181.7 181.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 0.8 3.5 2.3 1.5 0.9 0.0

Utilities

 171.2 172.8 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.9

Information

 160.7 161.5 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.6 0.1 1.7 0.5

Financial activities

 163.6 166.1 1.4 0.1 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.1 1.1 0.3 1.5

Finance and insurance

 163.8 166.6 1.4 -0.1 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.0 1.2 0.0 1.7

Credit intermediation and related activities

 162.9 166.3 1.4 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.1 -0.4 2.1

Insurance carriers and related activities

 163.2 165.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.5 1.7 -0.2 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

 163.6 164.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.7 0.5

Professional and business services

 167.8 169.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.7 1.0 0.1 1.2

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 167.4 169.5 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.0 -0.2 1.3

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 171.5 173.6 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.2

Education and health services

 168.3 169.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.7

Educational services

 162.2 162.8 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 158.4 160.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.0

Health care and social assistance

 169.6 171.0 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.8

Hospitals

 170.1 171.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0

Leisure and hospitality

 184.9 187.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.1

Accommodation and food services

 188.7 190.9 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.6 1.2

Other services, except public administration

 173.5 175.9 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.0 0.6 1.4

State and local government workers

All workers

 157.3 158.8 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0

Industry

Education and health services

 154.7 156.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.8

Educational services

 153.3 154.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8

Schools

 153.3 154.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools

 152.7 154.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8

Health care and social assistance

 166.2 168.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.1

Hospitals

 164.8 166.6 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.1

Public administration

 161.9 163.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.7 1.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Jun.
2024		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 167.2 168.5 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8

Private industry workers

All workers

 160.1 161.2 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 158.0 159.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.8

Sales and office

 162.5 163.6 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 158.8 160.0 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 162.9 163.7 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.8 2.1 0.7 0.5

Service occupations

 162.0 162.9 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.4 0.8 0.6

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 152.4 153.3 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.6

Manufacturing

 152.5 153.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6

Service-providing industries(3)

 162.6 163.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.8

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

 192.2 194.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

All workers(2)

 161.9 167.0 168.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 4.2 3.9 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

 161.7 167.0 168.0 0.6 1.0 0.6 4.2 3.9 3.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 157.7 162.6 163.5 0.4 0.9 0.6 4.1 3.6 3.7

Management, business, and financial

 158.0 162.5 163.3 0.3 0.7 0.5 3.9 3.1 3.4

Professional and related

 157.6 162.9 163.7 0.6 1.2 0.5 4.2 4.0 3.9

Sales and office

 165.4 169.5 170.7 0.7 0.4 0.7 4.0 3.2 3.2

Sales and related

 163.0 165.1 166.9 1.1 -0.1 1.1 3.8 2.4 2.4

Office and administrative support

 166.6 172.2 173.0 0.5 0.8 0.5 4.1 3.9 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 160.1 164.9 166.3 0.9 1.0 0.8 4.4 4.0 3.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 158.6 163.4 164.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 3.7 3.6 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 161.8 166.7 168.1 1.3 1.2 0.8 5.3 4.4 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 165.8 171.9 172.9 1.4 0.8 0.6 4.6 5.1 4.3

Production

 161.4 166.8 168.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 4.2 4.4 4.1

Transportation and material moving

 171.8 178.4 179.2 1.7 0.8 0.4 4.9 5.6 4.3

Service occupations

 172.9 179.2 180.6 0.6 1.1 0.8 4.3 4.3 4.5

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

 156.4 160.6 161.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 3.9 3.5 3.3

Manufacturing

 155.8 160.4 161.4 0.8 0.5 0.6 3.7 3.8 3.6

Service-providing industries(5)

 162.9 168.1 169.1 0.6 0.9 0.6 4.2 3.8 3.8

Education and health services

 161.0 166.7 167.7 0.8 1.7 0.6 4.5 4.4 4.2

Educational services

 159.5 165.3 166.0 0.7 2.3 0.4 4.4 4.4 4.1

Elementary and secondary schools

 159.9 165.5 166.1 0.6 2.4 0.4 4.4 4.2 3.9

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 157.9 163.9 165.0 0.8 2.2 0.7 4.2 4.6 4.5

Health care and social assistance

 162.5 168.0 169.3 0.9 1.1 0.8 4.6 4.3 4.2

Hospitals

 162.8 168.4 169.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 4.6 4.4 4.3

Nursing and residential care facilities

 163.0 167.7 168.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 4.6 3.7 3.6

Public administration

 166.7 174.0 175.6 1.0 1.8 0.9 5.1 5.4 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

All workers

 161.6 166.4 167.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.1 3.6 3.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 161.4 166.5 167.3 0.6 0.7 0.5 4.1 3.8 3.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 156.8 161.4 162.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 4.0 3.3 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 155.9 160.6 161.3 0.5 0.7 0.4 4.1 3.5 3.5

Management, business, and financial

 157.5 161.9 162.6 0.2 0.5 0.4 3.8 3.0 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 156.2 160.6 161.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 3.9 3.1 3.3

Professional and related

 156.4 161.3 162.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 4.2 3.7 3.6

Sales and office

 165.2 169.1 170.2 0.7 0.4 0.7 3.8 3.1 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 166.9 172.0 172.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 4.1 3.6 3.5

Sales and related

 162.9 165.0 166.8 1.1 -0.1 1.1 3.8 2.4 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 167.6 172.1 173.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 4.4 3.4 3.2

Office and administrative support

 165.8 171.3 171.9 0.4 0.7 0.4 3.9 3.8 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 159.7 164.3 165.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 4.4 3.9 3.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 158.1 162.7 163.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 3.7 3.4 3.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 161.5 166.1 167.5 1.4 1.0 0.8 5.3 4.3 3.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 165.5 171.5 172.4 1.4 0.8 0.5 4.6 5.1 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 165.3 171.2 172.2 1.5 0.8 0.6 4.7 5.1 4.2

Production

 161.3 166.8 168.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 4.1 4.4 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 161.8 167.0 168.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 4.2 4.2 4.0

Transportation and material moving

 171.5 178.0 178.7 1.8 0.7 0.4 5.0 5.6 4.2

Service occupations

 173.2 179.3 180.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 4.0 4.1 4.2

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

 156.3 160.5 161.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 3.8 3.5 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 155.9 160.6 161.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 3.7 3.7 3.6

Management, professional, and related

 148.9 153.2 153.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 3.2 3.2 3.2

Sales and office

 167.1 166.4 167.2 2.5 0.7 0.5 5.8 2.1 0.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 157.5 162.2 163.2 0.6 0.9 0.6 3.8 3.6 3.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

 159.2 164.4 165.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 3.9 4.2 4.0

Construction

 157.7 160.7 161.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 4.2 2.8 2.4

Manufacturing

 155.8 160.4 161.4 0.8 0.5 0.6 3.7 3.8 3.6

Management, professional, and related

 150.1 154.5 155.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.2 3.3 3.3

Sales and office occupations

 160.4 164.7 165.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 3.5 3.3 3.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 156.0 161.0 162.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 3.9 4.3 4.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 159.0 164.2 165.4 1.0 0.7 0.7 3.9 4.3 4.0

Aircraft manufacturing

 134.7 137.1 139.8 0.1 0.1 2.0 2.6 1.9 3.8

Service-providing industries(4)

 163.1 168.1 169.0 0.6 0.7 0.5 4.2 3.7 3.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 163.0 168.2 169.0 0.6 0.8 0.5 4.2 3.8 3.7

Management, professional, and related

 158.1 162.8 163.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 4.1 3.4 3.5

Sales and office

 164.9 169.3 170.5 0.5 0.2 0.7 3.6 3.2 3.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 163.0 167.6 169.2 1.5 1.0 1.0 5.5 4.4 3.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 172.1 178.8 179.5 1.7 0.8 0.4 5.1 5.7 4.3

Service occupations

 173.3 179.4 180.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 4.0 4.1 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 167.5 172.4 173.1 1.1 0.5 0.4 4.6 4.1 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 168.1 173.6 174.3 1.3 0.7 0.4 5.0 4.6 3.7

Wholesale trade

 159.1 163.0 163.7 0.4 0.2 0.4 3.9 2.8 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 162.2 167.4 168.0 0.2 0.6 0.4 4.0 3.5 3.6

Retail trade

 171.5 175.6 176.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 4.1 2.9 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 170.1 174.7 175.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 4.5 3.3 3.2

Transportation and warehousing

 169.8 177.1 177.6 3.2 0.8 0.3 6.3 7.7 4.6

Utilities

 171.9 176.6 177.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 4.7 3.3 3.3

Information

 157.5 161.3 161.6 0.7 1.2 0.2 3.4 3.1 2.6

Financial activities

 159.0 163.1 164.4 -0.1 0.2 0.8 3.4 2.5 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 159.3 164.0 164.7 0.1 0.4 0.4 3.4 3.0 3.4

Finance and insurance

 159.5 163.3 164.9 0.0 -0.1 1.0 3.4 2.4 3.4

Credit intermediation and related activities

 160.5 165.4 167.4 0.1 0.1 1.2 4.2 3.1 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 163.5 169.2 170.4 0.1 0.5 0.7 3.7 3.5 4.2

Insurance carriers and related activities

 159.9 164.0 164.6 -0.4 -0.6 0.4 3.1 2.1 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 158.2 162.5 162.9 0.2 0.0 0.2 3.5 2.9 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

 156.9 162.3 162.2 -0.3 1.4 -0.1 3.3 3.1 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 160.8 165.4 165.9 -0.2 0.7 0.3 3.1 2.6 3.2

Professional and business services

 161.0 165.8 166.9 0.2 0.2 0.7 3.7 3.2 3.7

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 161.9 166.4 167.4 0.1 0.2 0.6 3.7 2.9 3.4

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 161.6 166.6 167.8 0.4 0.7 0.7 3.9 3.5 3.8

Education and health services

 161.1 166.7 167.6 0.9 1.3 0.5 4.5 4.4 4.0

Educational services

 157.7 163.9 163.8 0.8 2.1 -0.1 4.2 4.7 3.9

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 156.5 162.4 163.3 0.6 2.3 0.6 3.8 4.4 4.3

Health care and social assistance

 161.8 167.3 168.4 0.9 1.1 0.7 4.6 4.3 4.1

Hospitals

 162.5 168.0 169.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 4.6 4.4 4.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 161.6 166.2 167.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 4.6 3.6 3.5

Nursing care facilities(2)

 161.6 165.0 166.1 0.9 0.2 0.7 4.8 3.0 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

 173.0 178.4 179.2 0.3 0.7 0.4 4.0 3.4 3.6

Accommodation and food service

 176.7 182.1 183.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 4.1 3.4 3.6

Other services, except public administration

 164.3 170.7 172.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 5.1 4.5 4.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

Bargaining status

Union

 163.7 170.3 172.1 1.7 0.7 1.1 4.5 5.8 5.1

Goods-producing industries(2)

 154.9 160.4 161.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 3.3 4.7 4.5

Manufacturing

 148.7 154.1 156.2 1.8 0.5 1.4 3.3 5.5 5.0

Service-providing industries(3)

 169.8 177.1 179.0 2.0 0.6 1.1 5.3 6.4 5.4

Nonunion

 161.2 165.8 166.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 4.0 3.4 3.4

Goods-producing industries(2)

 156.5 160.3 161.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 4.0 3.2 2.9

Manufacturing

 157.5 162.1 162.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 3.8 3.5 3.4

Service-providing industries(3)

 162.4 167.2 168.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 4.0 3.5 3.4

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

 163.0 167.4 168.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 3.8 3.2 3.3

New England

 167.1 170.9 171.9 0.2 0.3 0.6 3.1 2.5 2.9

Middle Atlantic

 161.5 166.2 167.2 0.6 0.7 0.6 4.1 3.6 3.5

South

 159.7 164.0 165.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 4.4 3.3 3.3

South Atlantic

 162.9 167.6 168.6 0.4 0.7 0.6 4.6 3.3 3.5

East South Central

 159.4 163.0 164.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 4.7 3.1 2.9

West South Central

 154.3 158.4 159.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 4.1 3.3 3.4

Midwest

 158.5 163.2 163.7 0.6 0.7 0.3 3.7 3.6 3.3

East North Central

 157.4 162.0 162.4 0.7 0.6 0.2 4.0 3.6 3.2

West North Central

 161.1 166.0 167.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 3.1 3.6 3.7

West

 166.1 172.1 173.2 0.8 0.6 0.6 4.1 4.4 4.3

Mountain

 164.8 169.9 170.7 1.2 0.8 0.5 5.0 4.3 3.6

Pacific

 166.9 173.2 174.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 3.9 4.5 4.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

All workers

 163.0 169.4 170.6 0.7 2.1 0.7 4.6 4.7 4.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 160.2 166.2 167.2 0.7 2.2 0.6 4.5 4.5 4.4

Professional and related

 159.8 165.9 166.9 0.6 2.2 0.6 4.3 4.5 4.4

Sales and office

 167.0 173.7 175.3 0.9 1.8 0.9 5.0 5.0 5.0

Office and administrative support

 167.0 173.7 175.3 0.9 1.8 0.9 5.0 5.0 5.0

Service occupations

 171.4 178.6 180.4 1.1 1.7 1.0 5.0 5.3 5.3

Industry

Education and health services

 160.8 166.6 167.6 0.7 2.3 0.6 4.4 4.3 4.2

Educational services

 159.9 165.7 166.6 0.6 2.3 0.5 4.4 4.3 4.2

Schools

 159.9 165.6 166.5 0.7 2.3 0.5 4.4 4.3 4.1

Elementary and secondary schools

 160.2 165.9 166.6 0.6 2.4 0.4 4.3 4.1 4.0

Health care and social assistance

 167.4 173.7 175.6 0.7 1.5 1.1 4.4 4.4 4.9

Hospitals

 163.6 169.8 171.6 0.6 1.4 1.1 4.3 4.4 4.9

Public administration

 166.7 174.0 175.6 1.0 1.8 0.9 5.1 5.4 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

All workers(1)

 161.9 167.0 168.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 4.3 3.9 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 161.3 166.6 167.6 0.7 1.1 0.6 4.5 4.1 3.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 155.9 160.7 161.6 0.5 1.1 0.6 4.2 3.6 3.7

Management, business, and financial

 157.6 162.2 162.9 0.3 0.8 0.4 3.8 3.2 3.4

Professional and related

 155.1 160.1 161.0 0.6 1.3 0.6 4.4 3.9 3.8

Sales and office

 166.8 170.7 172.2 1.0 0.4 0.9 4.2 3.3 3.2

Sales and related

 166.4 168.3 170.5 1.3 -0.2 1.3 3.9 2.4 2.5

Office and administrative support

 166.7 172.4 173.2 0.7 0.9 0.5 4.4 4.1 3.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 161.0 166.4 168.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 4.9 4.5 4.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 159.5 164.7 166.2 0.6 1.0 0.9 4.0 3.9 4.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 162.8 168.4 170.1 1.7 1.3 1.0 5.9 5.2 4.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 169.5 175.7 176.7 1.6 1.0 0.6 4.9 5.3 4.2

Production

 165.2 170.8 172.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 4.4 4.5 4.2

Transportation and material moving

 175.1 181.8 182.6 1.9 1.0 0.4 5.2 5.8 4.3

Service occupations

 174.3 180.7 182.2 0.7 1.1 0.8 4.5 4.4 4.5

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 160.1 164.5 165.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 4.1 3.8 3.4

Manufacturing

 159.7 164.8 165.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 3.8 4.0 3.8

Service-providing industries(4)

 162.2 167.4 168.5 0.7 1.0 0.7 4.4 3.9 3.9

Education and health services

 157.0 162.5 163.5 0.8 1.8 0.6 4.7 4.4 4.1

Educational services

 150.2 155.8 156.5 0.7 2.4 0.4 4.3 4.4 4.2

Elementary and secondary schools

 148.8 154.3 154.8 0.5 2.5 0.3 4.3 4.3 4.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

 151.3 156.8 158.0 0.8 2.3 0.8 4.1 4.5 4.4

Health care and social assistance

 164.1 169.4 170.8 1.0 1.3 0.8 5.0 4.3 4.1

Hospitals

 163.9 169.1 170.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 5.1 4.3 4.3

Nursing and residential care facilities

 166.9 171.9 173.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 5.2 3.9 3.7

Public administration

 156.4 162.7 164.1 1.0 1.9 0.9 5.3 5.1 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

All workers

 164.1 169.1 170.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 4.3 3.8 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 163.5 168.8 169.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 4.3 4.0 3.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 158.2 162.9 163.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 4.1 3.4 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 156.7 161.5 162.2 0.5 0.8 0.4 4.1 3.6 3.5

Management, business, and financial

 158.3 162.8 163.5 0.2 0.6 0.4 3.6 3.0 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 155.8 160.4 161.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 3.7 3.3 3.4

Professional and related

 158.4 163.2 164.2 0.7 0.8 0.6 4.6 3.8 3.7

Sales and office

 167.8 171.7 173.1 0.9 0.3 0.8 4.0 3.2 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 169.2 174.7 175.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 4.4 3.9 3.7

Sales and related

 166.5 168.5 170.6 1.2 -0.2 1.2 3.9 2.4 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 170.8 176.0 176.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 4.5 3.8 3.6

Office and administrative support

 167.4 173.1 173.8 0.6 0.8 0.4 4.2 4.0 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 161.5 166.8 168.3 1.1 1.1 0.9 4.9 4.4 4.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 159.9 164.9 166.4 0.6 1.0 0.9 4.0 3.7 4.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 163.4 168.9 170.6 1.7 1.2 1.0 6.0 5.2 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 169.9 176.0 177.0 1.6 0.9 0.6 4.9 5.3 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 169.8 175.8 176.9 1.7 1.0 0.6 5.1 5.3 4.2

Production

 165.3 170.9 172.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 4.4 4.5 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 165.7 171.0 172.3 1.0 0.9 0.8 4.4 4.3 4.0

Transportation and material moving

 176.0 182.6 183.4 2.0 0.9 0.4 5.3 5.8 4.2

Service occupations

 178.2 184.6 186.0 0.6 0.9 0.8 4.4 4.2 4.4

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

 160.2 164.5 165.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 4.1 3.7 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 159.4 164.6 165.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 3.8 4.0 4.0

Management, professional, and related

 152.9 158.0 158.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 3.2 3.7 3.7

Sales and office

 174.5 172.0 173.0 3.5 0.8 0.6 6.9 2.0 -0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 159.7 164.7 166.0 0.6 1.0 0.8 4.1 3.8 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 163.4 168.8 170.0 1.1 0.9 0.7 4.1 4.4 4.0

Construction

 160.5 163.5 164.4 1.1 1.1 0.6 4.5 3.0 2.4

Manufacturing

 159.7 164.8 165.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 3.8 4.0 3.8

Management, professional, and related

 153.8 158.9 159.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 3.3 3.9 3.7

Sales and office

 164.0 168.3 169.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 3.8 3.4 3.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 161.1 166.4 168.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 4.5 4.4 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 163.4 168.7 170.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 4.1 4.3 4.0

Aircraft manufacturing

 159.9 164.1 166.1 0.0 0.2 1.2 2.6 2.6 3.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 165.2 170.2 171.3 0.7 0.7 0.6 4.4 3.8 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 164.6 169.9 170.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 4.5 4.0 3.8

Management, professional, and related

 159.0 163.7 164.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 4.2 3.4 3.5

Sales and office

 167.1 171.6 173.1 0.7 0.2 0.9 3.7 3.4 3.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 164.2 169.8 171.7 1.9 1.2 1.1 6.3 5.3 4.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

 176.0 182.7 183.6 2.0 0.9 0.5 5.5 5.9 4.3

Service occupations

 178.3 184.7 186.1 0.6 0.9 0.8 4.5 4.2 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 169.0 173.8 174.6 1.3 0.6 0.5 4.8 4.2 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 169.4 174.8 175.6 1.5 0.7 0.5 5.3 4.7 3.7

Wholesale trade

 156.5 160.0 160.8 0.4 0.1 0.5 3.8 2.6 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 159.1 164.0 164.7 0.4 0.6 0.4 4.1 3.5 3.5

Retail trade

 175.0 179.2 180.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 4.3 3.0 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 173.1 177.9 178.8 0.6 0.7 0.5 4.8 3.4 3.3

Transportation and warehousing

 174.0 181.6 182.1 3.8 1.0 0.3 7.1 8.4 4.7

Utilities

 166.7 171.1 172.2 1.2 0.9 0.6 5.1 3.8 3.3

Information

 156.5 160.6 161.1 0.9 1.5 0.3 3.4 3.5 2.9

Financial activities

 160.7 164.1 165.5 -0.1 0.2 0.9 3.5 2.1 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 159.2 163.6 164.1 0.1 0.5 0.3 3.7 2.9 3.1

Finance and insurance

 161.3 164.3 166.0 0.0 -0.1 1.0 3.5 1.9 2.9

Credit intermediation and related activities

 160.6 163.9 165.6 0.2 -0.3 1.0 4.4 2.2 3.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 162.0 166.5 166.7 0.1 0.4 0.1 3.7 2.9 2.9

Insurance carriers and related activities

 159.0 163.3 164.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.5 3.4 2.1 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 155.7 160.3 160.8 0.2 0.4 0.3 4.0 3.2 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

 158.0 163.8 163.8 -0.3 1.7 0.0 3.8 3.3 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 162.4 167.1 167.8 -0.2 0.7 0.4 3.4 2.6 3.3

Professional and business services

 162.8 168.2 169.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 3.7 3.6 4.1

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 163.2 167.9 169.0 0.2 0.2 0.7 3.6 3.1 3.6

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 166.2 171.6 173.1 0.4 0.7 0.9 4.0 3.7 4.2

Education and health services

 163.0 168.5 169.6 1.0 1.4 0.7 4.9 4.4 4.0

Educational services

 156.6 162.9 163.0 0.7 2.1 0.1 4.2 4.8 4.1

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 153.6 159.2 160.2 0.6 2.4 0.6 3.8 4.3 4.3

Health care and social assistance

 164.4 169.7 171.1 1.0 1.3 0.8 5.0 4.3 4.1

Hospitals

 164.9 169.9 171.7 1.3 1.0 1.1 5.2 4.4 4.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

 167.8 172.9 174.1 0.8 0.9 0.7 5.1 3.9 3.8

Nursing care facilities(1)

 167.4 171.4 172.7 0.9 0.5 0.8 5.3 3.3 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

 179.4 185.2 186.2 0.3 0.7 0.5 4.1 3.6 3.8

Accommodation and food service

 183.1 189.0 190.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 4.2 3.6 3.8

Other services, except public administration

 167.0 173.6 175.3 0.7 0.6 1.0 5.4 4.7 5.0

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

Bargaining status

Union

 162.7 169.5 171.6 2.1 0.8 1.2 5.4 6.4 5.5

Goods-producing industries(1)

 153.0 158.6 160.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 3.9 5.1 4.8

Manufacturing

 152.0 157.4 159.6 2.0 0.8 1.4 4.0 5.6 5.0

Service-providing industries(2)

 168.7 176.1 178.4 2.6 0.7 1.3 6.2 7.1 5.7

Nonunion

 164.3 169.1 170.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 4.2 3.6 3.5

Goods-producing industries(1)

 161.7 165.8 166.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 4.1 3.4 3.2

Manufacturing

 161.4 166.4 167.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 3.9 3.8 3.7

Service-providing industries(2)

 164.9 169.8 170.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 4.2 3.5 3.6

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

 164.3 168.8 170.0 0.6 0.7 0.7 3.9 3.4 3.5

New England

 170.6 174.4 175.6 0.3 0.3 0.7 3.1 2.5 2.9

Middle Atlantic

 162.0 166.6 167.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 4.2 3.7 3.6

South

 163.1 167.6 168.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 4.6 3.4 3.4

South Atlantic

 166.9 171.7 172.9 0.5 0.6 0.7 4.9 3.4 3.6

East South Central

 161.4 165.3 166.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 4.7 3.2 3.3

West South Central

 157.6 161.7 162.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 4.1 3.3 3.2

Midwest

 160.1 164.8 165.4 0.8 0.8 0.4 4.0 3.7 3.3

East North Central

 158.8 163.3 163.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 4.2 3.6 3.1

West North Central

 163.1 168.3 169.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 3.4 3.9 3.9

West

 169.5 175.7 177.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 4.4 4.6 4.4

Mountain

 168.4 173.9 174.8 1.3 0.9 0.5 5.2 4.6 3.8

Pacific

 170.2 176.7 178.2 0.8 0.6 0.8 4.2 4.7 4.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

All workers

 152.4 158.1 159.2 0.8 2.2 0.7 4.7 4.6 4.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 149.8 155.3 156.2 0.7 2.3 0.6 4.5 4.4 4.3

Professional and related

 149.3 154.8 155.7 0.6 2.2 0.6 4.3 4.3 4.3

Sales and office

 154.2 160.0 161.4 1.0 1.9 0.9 5.5 4.8 4.7

Office and administrative support

 154.8 160.5 161.9 1.0 1.8 0.9 5.6 4.8 4.6

Service occupations

 161.4 167.9 169.6 0.9 1.9 1.0 4.9 5.0 5.1

Industry

Education and health services

 150.1 155.6 156.5 0.7 2.4 0.6 4.3 4.4 4.3

Educational services

 148.9 154.4 155.1 0.7 2.5 0.5 4.3 4.4 4.2

Schools

 148.8 154.4 155.2 0.6 2.5 0.5 4.2 4.4 4.3

Elementary and secondary schools

 148.3 153.9 154.5 0.5 2.6 0.4 4.3 4.3 4.2

Health care and social assistance

 160.9 166.5 168.4 0.8 1.6 1.1 4.5 4.3 4.7

Hospitals

 159.5 165.2 167.0 0.7 1.7 1.1 4.7 4.3 4.7

Public administration

 156.4 162.7 164.1 1.0 1.9 0.9 5.3 5.1 4.9

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 161.9 167.0 167.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 3.8 3.7 3.6

Private industry workers

All workers

 155.5 160.1 160.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 3.6 3.3 3.3

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 153.5 158.0 158.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 3.8 3.2 3.3

Sales and office

 158.3 162.3 162.7 0.2 0.4 0.2 3.3 2.7 2.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 155.7 159.0 159.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 3.4 2.6 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

 156.6 162.4 163.1 1.1 0.4 0.4 4.0 4.8 4.2

Service occupations

 156.9 162.0 162.6 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.8 3.5 3.6

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 148.6 152.4 153.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 3.3 3.0 3.0

Manufacturing

 148.3 152.3 153.1 0.6 0.3 0.5 3.3 3.3 3.2

Aircraft manufacturing

 107.7 108.2 111.8 0.0 -0.2 3.3 2.6 0.5 3.8

Service-providing industries(3)

 157.9 162.7 163.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 3.7 3.4 3.4

Bargaining status

Union

 165.6 171.9 173.2 1.1 0.5 0.8 3.4 4.9 4.6

Nonunion

 153.4 157.7 158.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.6 3.1 3.1

State and local government workers

All workers

 185.1 192.6 194.2 0.8 1.8 0.8 4.6 4.8 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) Percent changes for 12-months ended-
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

 3.1 1.7 2.6 3.4 1.6 2.6

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

 4.2 3.0 2.8 4.3 3.0 3.0

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

 4.4 3.2 3.6 4.7 3.4 4.0

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

 3.8 4.8 4.8 4.4 5.6 5.4

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

 5.2 4.6 6.0 4.9 4.4 5.2

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

 5.5 2.2 2.5 5.1 2.4 2.9

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

 4.4 3.6 3.7 4.9 4.0 3.9

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

 4.1 3.1 2.7 4.1 3.1 2.7

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

 3.8 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.3 3.8

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

 3.6 4.1 3.7 3.7 4.2 3.7

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

 4.5 4.6 4.2 5.0 4.8 4.3

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

 4.1 3.3 2.8 4.4 3.4 2.8

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

 2.7 5.3 6.3 2.8 5.4 6.6

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

 3.8 4.4 5.7 4.3 4.7 5.7

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: January 31, 2025