Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
ECT XYZ Program Links

Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                    USDL-25-0107
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 31, 2025

Technical information: (202) 691-6199  •  ncsinfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/eci
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  •  pressoffice@bls.gov

                                  EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – DECEMBER 2024

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.9 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month period
ending in December 2024, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries increased 
0.9 percent and benefit costs increased 0.8 percent from September 2024. 
(See tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 3.8 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 
2024 and increased 4.2 percent in December 2023. Wages and salaries increased 3.8 percent for the 12-month
period ending in December 2024 and increased 4.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2023. 
Benefit costs increased 3.6 percent over the year and increased 3.8 percent for the 12-month period ending
in December 2023. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 3.6 percent over the year. In December 2023, the
increase was 4.1 percent. Wages and salaries increased 3.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
December 2024 and increased 4.3 percent in December 2023. The cost of benefits increased 3.3 percent for 
the 12-month period ending in December 2024 and increased 3.6 percent in December 2023. Inflation-adjusted
(constant dollar) wages and salaries increased 0.8 percent for the 12 months ending December 2024. 
(See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Within private industry by bargaining status, compensation costs increased 5.1 percent for union workers 
and 3.4 percent for non-union workers for the 12-month period ending in December 2024. Wages and salaries
increased 5.5 percent for union workers and 3.5 percent for non-union workers for the 12-month period 
ending in December 2024. Benefit costs increased 4.6 percent for union workers and 3.1 percent for non-
union workers for the period ending in December 2024.(See tables 6, 10, and 12.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 4.7 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in December 2024 and increased 4.6 percent in December 2023. Wages and salaries increased 4.5 
percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2024 and 4.7 percent in December 2023. Benefit costs 
increased 4.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2024. The prior year’s increase was 4.6
percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Rounding Changes to Employment Cost Index (ECI) Estimates

Effective with the release of June 2025 ECI data on July 31, 2025, BLS will publish index levels to three
decimal places. Percent changes based on these more precise indexes will continue to be published to one 
decimal place. For more information, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2024/changes-to-index-rounding.htm.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted
12-month, not seasonally adjusted, current dollar 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, constant dollar
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

0.8 0.9 4.2 3.9 3.8 0.9 1.4 0.8

Wages and salaries

0.8 0.9 4.3 3.9 3.8 1.0 1.4 0.9

Benefits

0.8 0.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 0.4 1.2 0.8

Private industry

Compensation(2)

0.7 0.8 4.1 3.6 3.6 0.7 1.2 0.7

Wages and salaries

0.8 0.9 4.3 3.8 3.7 0.9 1.2 0.8

Benefits

0.7 0.7 3.6 3.3 3.3 0.2 0.8 0.4

Health benefits

- - 1.8 3.4 3.4 - - -

State and local government

Compensation(2)

1.1 0.9 4.6 4.7 4.7 1.3 2.2 1.7

Wages and salaries

1.0 1.0 4.7 4.6 4.5 1.1 2.1 1.6

Benefits

1.2 1.0 4.6 4.8 4.9 1.3 2.3 1.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

Note: All estimates in the table can be found in the public database at www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Dashes indicate data not available.



					   TECHNICAL NOTE
					   
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of 
employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage, 
methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation, see National Compensation Measures Handbook of Methods
at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size: Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 
26,700 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,300 private industry establishments
and approximately 7,400 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors: To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all 
current quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see 
www.bls.gov/eci/factsheets/eci-standard-errors.htm and the database query tool at 
www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to 
ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings: Historical ECI data are available in xlsx format at www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm.
The continuous occupational and industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification 
(SIC) Manual and Occupational Classification System (OCS) series from 1975 through 2005 and the North 
American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) from 2006
to the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in classification 
systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article 
published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data: The costs per hour worked of compensation components are
published as part of the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release
dates are available at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in
xlsx format at www.bls.gov/ecec/tables.htm. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights
rather than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually
differ from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights: For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing
the ECI, see www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-
employment-cost-index.htm. Beginning with the December 2022 release, the ECI introduced new employment 
weights, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2022/eci-2021-fixed-weights-and-2018-soc-update.htm.

Seasonal factors: Detailed information on seasonal factors for the 2024 reference year and the revisions
of historical seasonally adjusted data for the most recent five years can be found at www.bls.gov/eci/
factsheets/annual-seasonal-adjustment.htm. More information on seasonal adjustment can be found at 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2024/article/seasonality-in-the-employment-cost-index.htm. 

Additional information: Historical tables are available in xlsx format for constant dollar, current
dollar, and continuous series, see www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. ECI release dates are available on the
release calendar at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/eci.htm. Subscribe to receive the BLS Economic 
News Release email at public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. If you are deaf, hard of
hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. 

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2022
Mar.
2023
Jun.
2023
Sep.
2023
Dec.
2023
Mar.
2024
Jun.
2024
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

166.8 168.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

160.6 161.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.7

Manufacturing

160.6 161.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7

Service-providing industries(4)

168.1 169.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9

Education and health services

166.4 167.7 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8

Educational services

164.9 166.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

165.0 166.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

163.5 164.9 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.3 0.9

Health care and social assistance

168.0 169.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.8

Hospitals

168.4 169.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.9

Nursing and residential care facilities

167.8 169.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.7

Public administration

173.6 175.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.3

Private industry workers

All workers

166.3 167.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

161.3 162.6 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8

Management, business, and financial

161.6 163.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.9

Professional and related

161.2 162.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7

Sales and office

168.6 170.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.9

Sales and related

165.0 167.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.4 1.1 1.6 -0.4 -0.1 1.2

Office and administrative support

171.2 172.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

164.2 165.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

162.5 164.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

166.1 167.7 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

172.0 173.0 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.6

Production

166.9 168.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8

Transportation and material moving

177.9 178.6 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.3 1.7 0.8 0.4

Service occupations

179.2 180.8 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

160.6 161.7 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.7

Construction

160.7 161.6 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.9 -0.3 1.1 0.6

Manufacturing

160.6 161.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7

Aircraft manufacturing

137.2 140.7 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.7 1.0 -0.6 0.8 2.6

Service-providing industries(5)

167.8 169.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

172.4 173.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.6

Wholesale trade

162.9 164.5 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.4 -0.1 0.6 1.0

Retail trade

175.7 176.9 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.8 -0.1 1.4 0.9 0.7

Transportation and warehousing

177.1 177.1 0.6 1.0 1.4 0.7 3.0 1.9 1.9 0.7 0.0

Utilities

176.7 178.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.9

Information

161.3 162.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.9 -0.2 1.4 0.5

Financial activities

162.8 165.1 1.2 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.4 1.4

Finance and insurance

163.0 165.7 1.3 0.3 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.2 1.7

Credit intermediation and related activities

164.5 168.2 1.3 1.4 0.4 1.3 1.1 1.6 0.4 0.0 2.2

Insurance carriers and related activities

163.9 165.6 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.7 1.2 -0.1 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

161.9 162.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.6 0.8 1.4 0.4

Professional and business services

165.5 167.3 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.2 1.1

Professional, scientific, and technical services

166.0 168.0 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.0 1.2

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

166.5 168.4 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1

Education and health services

166.5 167.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.7

Educational services

163.3 163.7 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.2

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

161.8 163.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.7 1.5 0.9

Health care and social assistance

167.2 168.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.7

Hospitals

168.2 169.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.8

Nursing and residential care facilities

166.2 167.4 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

178.2 180.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.4 0.6 1.1

Accommodation and food services

182.0 184.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.4 1.5 0.6 1.1

Other services, except public administration

170.5 172.6 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.0 0.6 1.2

State and local government workers

All workers

169.1 170.7 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9

Industry

Education and health services

166.3 167.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.8

Educational services

165.3 166.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8

Schools

165.3 166.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools

165.5 166.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.7

Health care and social assistance

173.6 175.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.7 1.1 0.9 1.2

Hospitals

169.5 171.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.6 1.7 1.2 0.8 1.1

Public administration

173.6 175.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2022
Mar.
2023
Jun.
2023
Sep.
2023
Dec.
2023
Mar.
2024
Jun.
2024
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

166.7 168.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

164.5 165.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.3 1.0 0.8

Manufacturing

164.9 166.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.8

Service-providing industries(3)

167.1 168.7 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.0

Education and health services

162.0 163.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8

Educational services

154.9 156.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

153.1 154.3 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

156.1 157.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.2 0.9

Health care and social assistance

169.3 170.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.8

Hospitals

169.2 170.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0

Public administration

161.9 163.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.7 1.1

Private industry workers

All workers

168.9 170.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

162.7 164.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9

Professional and related

163.1 164.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9

Management, business, and financial

162.4 163.8 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.9

Sales and office

171.0 172.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.9

Office and administrative support

173.0 174.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

166.7 168.5 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

164.8 166.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair

168.9 170.7 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

176.6 177.6 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6

Production

171.0 172.4 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.8

Transportation and material moving

182.6 183.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.9 1.6 1.3 0.8 0.4

Service occupations

184.5 186.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

164.6 165.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.2 1.1 0.7

Construction

163.6 164.6 1.2 1.5 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 -0.8 1.5 0.6

Manufacturing

164.9 166.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.8

Aircraft manufacturing

164.2 167.2 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.6 1.8

Service-providing industries(4)

170.0 171.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

173.9 175.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6

Wholesale trade

159.9 161.5 1.2 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.6 -0.3 0.4 1.0

Retail trade

179.2 180.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.0 1.4 0.8 0.7

Transportation and warehousing

181.7 181.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 0.8 3.5 2.3 1.5 0.9 0.0

Utilities

171.2 172.8 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.9

Information

160.7 161.5 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.6 0.1 1.7 0.5

Financial activities

163.6 166.1 1.4 0.1 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.1 1.1 0.3 1.5

Finance and insurance

163.8 166.6 1.4 -0.1 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.0 1.2 0.0 1.7

Credit intermediation and related activities

162.9 166.3 1.4 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.1 -0.4 2.1

Insurance carriers and related activities

163.2 165.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.5 1.7 -0.2 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

163.6 164.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.7 0.5

Professional and business services

167.8 169.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.7 1.0 0.1 1.2

Professional, scientific, and technical services

167.4 169.5 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.0 -0.2 1.3

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

171.5 173.6 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.2

Education and health services

168.3 169.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.7

Educational services

162.2 162.8 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

158.4 160.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.0

Health care and social assistance

169.6 171.0 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.8

Hospitals

170.1 171.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0

Leisure and hospitality

184.9 187.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.1

Accommodation and food services

188.7 190.9 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.6 1.2

Other services, except public administration

173.5 175.9 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.0 0.6 1.4

State and local government workers

All workers

157.3 158.8 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0

Industry

Education and health services

154.7 156.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.8

Educational services

153.3 154.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8

Schools

153.3 154.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools

152.7 154.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8

Health care and social assistance

166.2 168.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.1

Hospitals

164.8 166.6 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.1

Public administration

161.9 163.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.7 1.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2022
Mar.
2023
Jun.
2023
Sep.
2023
Dec.
2023
Mar.
2024
Jun.
2024
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

167.2 168.5 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8

Private industry workers

All workers

160.1 161.2 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

158.0 159.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.8

Sales and office

162.5 163.6 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

158.8 160.0 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

162.9 163.7 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.8 2.1 0.7 0.5

Service occupations

162.0 162.9 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.4 0.8 0.6

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

152.4 153.3 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.6

Manufacturing

152.5 153.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6

Service-providing industries(3)

162.6 163.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.8

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

192.2 194.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

All workers(2)

161.9 167.0 168.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 4.2 3.9 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

161.7 167.0 168.0 0.6 1.0 0.6 4.2 3.9 3.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

157.7 162.6 163.5 0.4 0.9 0.6 4.1 3.6 3.7

Management, business, and financial

158.0 162.5 163.3 0.3 0.7 0.5 3.9 3.1 3.4

Professional and related

157.6 162.9 163.7 0.6 1.2 0.5 4.2 4.0 3.9

Sales and office

165.4 169.5 170.7 0.7 0.4 0.7 4.0 3.2 3.2

Sales and related

163.0 165.1 166.9 1.1 -0.1 1.1 3.8 2.4 2.4

Office and administrative support

166.6 172.2 173.0 0.5 0.8 0.5 4.1 3.9 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

160.1 164.9 166.3 0.9 1.0 0.8 4.4 4.0 3.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

158.6 163.4 164.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 3.7 3.6 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

161.8 166.7 168.1 1.3 1.2 0.8 5.3 4.4 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

165.8 171.9 172.9 1.4 0.8 0.6 4.6 5.1 4.3

Production

161.4 166.8 168.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 4.2 4.4 4.1

Transportation and material moving

171.8 178.4 179.2 1.7 0.8 0.4 4.9 5.6 4.3

Service occupations

172.9 179.2 180.6 0.6 1.1 0.8 4.3 4.3 4.5

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

156.4 160.6 161.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 3.9 3.5 3.3

Manufacturing

155.8 160.4 161.4 0.8 0.5 0.6 3.7 3.8 3.6

Service-providing industries(5)

162.9 168.1 169.1 0.6 0.9 0.6 4.2 3.8 3.8

Education and health services

161.0 166.7 167.7 0.8 1.7 0.6 4.5 4.4 4.2

Educational services

159.5 165.3 166.0 0.7 2.3 0.4 4.4 4.4 4.1

Elementary and secondary schools

159.9 165.5 166.1 0.6 2.4 0.4 4.4 4.2 3.9

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

157.9 163.9 165.0 0.8 2.2 0.7 4.2 4.6 4.5

Health care and social assistance

162.5 168.0 169.3 0.9 1.1 0.8 4.6 4.3 4.2

Hospitals

162.8 168.4 169.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 4.6 4.4 4.3

Nursing and residential care facilities

163.0 167.7 168.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 4.6 3.7 3.6

Public administration

166.7 174.0 175.6 1.0 1.8 0.9 5.1 5.4 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

All workers

161.6 166.4 167.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.1 3.6 3.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

161.4 166.5 167.3 0.6 0.7 0.5 4.1 3.8 3.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

156.8 161.4 162.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 4.0 3.3 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

155.9 160.6 161.3 0.5 0.7 0.4 4.1 3.5 3.5

Management, business, and financial

157.5 161.9 162.6 0.2 0.5 0.4 3.8 3.0 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

156.2 160.6 161.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 3.9 3.1 3.3

Professional and related

156.4 161.3 162.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 4.2 3.7 3.6

Sales and office

165.2 169.1 170.2 0.7 0.4 0.7 3.8 3.1 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

166.9 172.0 172.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 4.1 3.6 3.5

Sales and related

162.9 165.0 166.8 1.1 -0.1 1.1 3.8 2.4 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

167.6 172.1 173.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 4.4 3.4 3.2

Office and administrative support

165.8 171.3 171.9 0.4 0.7 0.4 3.9 3.8 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

159.7 164.3 165.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 4.4 3.9 3.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

158.1 162.7 163.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 3.7 3.4 3.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair

161.5 166.1 167.5 1.4 1.0 0.8 5.3 4.3 3.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

165.5 171.5 172.4 1.4 0.8 0.5 4.6 5.1 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

165.3 171.2 172.2 1.5 0.8 0.6 4.7 5.1 4.2

Production

161.3 166.8 168.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 4.1 4.4 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

161.8 167.0 168.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 4.2 4.2 4.0

Transportation and material moving

171.5 178.0 178.7 1.8 0.7 0.4 5.0 5.6 4.2

Service occupations

173.2 179.3 180.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 4.0 4.1 4.2

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

156.3 160.5 161.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 3.8 3.5 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

155.9 160.6 161.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 3.7 3.7 3.6

Management, professional, and related

148.9 153.2 153.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 3.2 3.2 3.2

Sales and office

167.1 166.4 167.2 2.5 0.7 0.5 5.8 2.1 0.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

157.5 162.2 163.2 0.6 0.9 0.6 3.8 3.6 3.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

159.2 164.4 165.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 3.9 4.2 4.0

Construction

157.7 160.7 161.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 4.2 2.8 2.4

Manufacturing

155.8 160.4 161.4 0.8 0.5 0.6 3.7 3.8 3.6

Management, professional, and related

150.1 154.5 155.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.2 3.3 3.3

Sales and office occupations

160.4 164.7 165.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 3.5 3.3 3.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

156.0 161.0 162.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 3.9 4.3 4.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

159.0 164.2 165.4 1.0 0.7 0.7 3.9 4.3 4.0

Aircraft manufacturing

134.7 137.1 139.8 0.1 0.1 2.0 2.6 1.9 3.8

Service-providing industries(4)

163.1 168.1 169.0 0.6 0.7 0.5 4.2 3.7 3.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

163.0 168.2 169.0 0.6 0.8 0.5 4.2 3.8 3.7

Management, professional, and related

158.1 162.8 163.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 4.1 3.4 3.5

Sales and office

164.9 169.3 170.5 0.5 0.2 0.7 3.6 3.2 3.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

163.0 167.6 169.2 1.5 1.0 1.0 5.5 4.4 3.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

172.1 178.8 179.5 1.7 0.8 0.4 5.1 5.7 4.3

Service occupations

173.3 179.4 180.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 4.0 4.1 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

167.5 172.4 173.1 1.1 0.5 0.4 4.6 4.1 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

168.1 173.6 174.3 1.3 0.7 0.4 5.0 4.6 3.7

Wholesale trade

159.1 163.0 163.7 0.4 0.2 0.4 3.9 2.8 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

162.2 167.4 168.0 0.2 0.6 0.4 4.0 3.5 3.6

Retail trade

171.5 175.6 176.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 4.1 2.9 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

170.1 174.7 175.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 4.5 3.3 3.2

Transportation and warehousing

169.8 177.1 177.6 3.2 0.8 0.3 6.3 7.7 4.6

Utilities

171.9 176.6 177.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 4.7 3.3 3.3

Information

157.5 161.3 161.6 0.7 1.2 0.2 3.4 3.1 2.6

Financial activities

159.0 163.1 164.4 -0.1 0.2 0.8 3.4 2.5 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

159.3 164.0 164.7 0.1 0.4 0.4 3.4 3.0 3.4

Finance and insurance

159.5 163.3 164.9 0.0 -0.1 1.0 3.4 2.4 3.4

Credit intermediation and related activities

160.5 165.4 167.4 0.1 0.1 1.2 4.2 3.1 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

163.5 169.2 170.4 0.1 0.5 0.7 3.7 3.5 4.2

Insurance carriers and related activities

159.9 164.0 164.6 -0.4 -0.6 0.4 3.1 2.1 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

158.2 162.5 162.9 0.2 0.0 0.2 3.5 2.9 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

156.9 162.3 162.2 -0.3 1.4 -0.1 3.3 3.1 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

160.8 165.4 165.9 -0.2 0.7 0.3 3.1 2.6 3.2

Professional and business services

161.0 165.8 166.9 0.2 0.2 0.7 3.7 3.2 3.7

Professional, scientific, and technical services

161.9 166.4 167.4 0.1 0.2 0.6 3.7 2.9 3.4

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

161.6 166.6 167.8 0.4 0.7 0.7 3.9 3.5 3.8

Education and health services

161.1 166.7 167.6 0.9 1.3 0.5 4.5 4.4 4.0

Educational services

157.7 163.9 163.8 0.8 2.1 -0.1 4.2 4.7 3.9

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

156.5 162.4 163.3 0.6 2.3 0.6 3.8 4.4 4.3

Health care and social assistance

161.8 167.3 168.4 0.9 1.1 0.7 4.6 4.3 4.1

Hospitals

162.5 168.0 169.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 4.6 4.4 4.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

161.6 166.2 167.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 4.6 3.6 3.5

Nursing care facilities(2)

161.6 165.0 166.1 0.9 0.2 0.7 4.8 3.0 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

173.0 178.4 179.2 0.3 0.7 0.4 4.0 3.4 3.6

Accommodation and food service

176.7 182.1 183.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 4.1 3.4 3.6

Other services, except public administration

164.3 170.7 172.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 5.1 4.5 4.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

Bargaining status

Union

163.7 170.3 172.1 1.7 0.7 1.1 4.5 5.8 5.1

Goods-producing industries(2)

154.9 160.4 161.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 3.3 4.7 4.5

Manufacturing

148.7 154.1 156.2 1.8 0.5 1.4 3.3 5.5 5.0

Service-providing industries(3)

169.8 177.1 179.0 2.0 0.6 1.1 5.3 6.4 5.4

Nonunion

161.2 165.8 166.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 4.0 3.4 3.4

Goods-producing industries(2)

156.5 160.3 161.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 4.0 3.2 2.9

Manufacturing

157.5 162.1 162.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 3.8 3.5 3.4

Service-providing industries(3)

162.4 167.2 168.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 4.0 3.5 3.4

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

163.0 167.4 168.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 3.8 3.2 3.3

New England

167.1 170.9 171.9 0.2 0.3 0.6 3.1 2.5 2.9

Middle Atlantic

161.5 166.2 167.2 0.6 0.7 0.6 4.1 3.6 3.5

South

159.7 164.0 165.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 4.4 3.3 3.3

South Atlantic

162.9 167.6 168.6 0.4 0.7 0.6 4.6 3.3 3.5

East South Central

159.4 163.0 164.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 4.7 3.1 2.9

West South Central

154.3 158.4 159.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 4.1 3.3 3.4

Midwest

158.5 163.2 163.7 0.6 0.7 0.3 3.7 3.6 3.3

East North Central

157.4 162.0 162.4 0.7 0.6 0.2 4.0 3.6 3.2

West North Central

161.1 166.0 167.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 3.1 3.6 3.7

West

166.1 172.1 173.2 0.8 0.6 0.6 4.1 4.4 4.3

Mountain

164.8 169.9 170.7 1.2 0.8 0.5 5.0 4.3 3.6

Pacific

166.9 173.2 174.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 3.9 4.5 4.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

All workers

163.0 169.4 170.6 0.7 2.1 0.7 4.6 4.7 4.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

160.2 166.2 167.2 0.7 2.2 0.6 4.5 4.5 4.4

Professional and related

159.8 165.9 166.9 0.6 2.2 0.6 4.3 4.5 4.4

Sales and office

167.0 173.7 175.3 0.9 1.8 0.9 5.0 5.0 5.0

Office and administrative support

167.0 173.7 175.3 0.9 1.8 0.9 5.0 5.0 5.0

Service occupations

171.4 178.6 180.4 1.1 1.7 1.0 5.0 5.3 5.3

Industry

Education and health services

160.8 166.6 167.6 0.7 2.3 0.6 4.4 4.3 4.2

Educational services

159.9 165.7 166.6 0.6 2.3 0.5 4.4 4.3 4.2

Schools

159.9 165.6 166.5 0.7 2.3 0.5 4.4 4.3 4.1

Elementary and secondary schools

160.2 165.9 166.6 0.6 2.4 0.4 4.3 4.1 4.0

Health care and social assistance

167.4 173.7 175.6 0.7 1.5 1.1 4.4 4.4 4.9

Hospitals

163.6 169.8 171.6 0.6 1.4 1.1 4.3 4.4 4.9

Public administration

166.7 174.0 175.6 1.0 1.8 0.9 5.1 5.4 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

All workers(1)

161.9 167.0 168.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 4.3 3.9 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

161.3 166.6 167.6 0.7 1.1 0.6 4.5 4.1 3.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

155.9 160.7 161.6 0.5 1.1 0.6 4.2 3.6 3.7

Management, business, and financial

157.6 162.2 162.9 0.3 0.8 0.4 3.8 3.2 3.4

Professional and related

155.1 160.1 161.0 0.6 1.3 0.6 4.4 3.9 3.8

Sales and office

166.8 170.7 172.2 1.0 0.4 0.9 4.2 3.3 3.2

Sales and related

166.4 168.3 170.5 1.3 -0.2 1.3 3.9 2.4 2.5

Office and administrative support

166.7 172.4 173.2 0.7 0.9 0.5 4.4 4.1 3.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

161.0 166.4 168.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 4.9 4.5 4.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

159.5 164.7 166.2 0.6 1.0 0.9 4.0 3.9 4.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair

162.8 168.4 170.1 1.7 1.3 1.0 5.9 5.2 4.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

169.5 175.7 176.7 1.6 1.0 0.6 4.9 5.3 4.2

Production

165.2 170.8 172.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 4.4 4.5 4.2

Transportation and material moving

175.1 181.8 182.6 1.9 1.0 0.4 5.2 5.8 4.3

Service occupations

174.3 180.7 182.2 0.7 1.1 0.8 4.5 4.4 4.5

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

160.1 164.5 165.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 4.1 3.8 3.4

Manufacturing

159.7 164.8 165.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 3.8 4.0 3.8

Service-providing industries(4)

162.2 167.4 168.5 0.7 1.0 0.7 4.4 3.9 3.9

Education and health services

157.0 162.5 163.5 0.8 1.8 0.6 4.7 4.4 4.1

Educational services

150.2 155.8 156.5 0.7 2.4 0.4 4.3 4.4 4.2

Elementary and secondary schools

148.8 154.3 154.8 0.5 2.5 0.3 4.3 4.3 4.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

151.3 156.8 158.0 0.8 2.3 0.8 4.1 4.5 4.4

Health care and social assistance

164.1 169.4 170.8 1.0 1.3 0.8 5.0 4.3 4.1

Hospitals

163.9 169.1 170.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 5.1 4.3 4.3

Nursing and residential care facilities

166.9 171.9 173.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 5.2 3.9 3.7

Public administration

156.4 162.7 164.1 1.0 1.9 0.9 5.3 5.1 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

All workers

164.1 169.1 170.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 4.3 3.8 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

163.5 168.8 169.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 4.3 4.0 3.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

158.2 162.9 163.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 4.1 3.4 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

156.7 161.5 162.2 0.5 0.8 0.4 4.1 3.6 3.5

Management, business, and financial

158.3 162.8 163.5 0.2 0.6 0.4 3.6 3.0 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

155.8 160.4 161.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 3.7 3.3 3.4

Professional and related

158.4 163.2 164.2 0.7 0.8 0.6 4.6 3.8 3.7

Sales and office

167.8 171.7 173.1 0.9 0.3 0.8 4.0 3.2 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

169.2 174.7 175.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 4.4 3.9 3.7

Sales and related

166.5 168.5 170.6 1.2 -0.2 1.2 3.9 2.4 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

170.8 176.0 176.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 4.5 3.8 3.6

Office and administrative support

167.4 173.1 173.8 0.6 0.8 0.4 4.2 4.0 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

161.5 166.8 168.3 1.1 1.1 0.9 4.9 4.4 4.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

159.9 164.9 166.4 0.6 1.0 0.9 4.0 3.7 4.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair

163.4 168.9 170.6 1.7 1.2 1.0 6.0 5.2 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

169.9 176.0 177.0 1.6 0.9 0.6 4.9 5.3 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

169.8 175.8 176.9 1.7 1.0 0.6 5.1 5.3 4.2

Production

165.3 170.9 172.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 4.4 4.5 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

165.7 171.0 172.3 1.0 0.9 0.8 4.4 4.3 4.0

Transportation and material moving

176.0 182.6 183.4 2.0 0.9 0.4 5.3 5.8 4.2

Service occupations

178.2 184.6 186.0 0.6 0.9 0.8 4.4 4.2 4.4

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

160.2 164.5 165.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 4.1 3.7 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

159.4 164.6 165.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 3.8 4.0 4.0

Management, professional, and related

152.9 158.0 158.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 3.2 3.7 3.7

Sales and office

174.5 172.0 173.0 3.5 0.8 0.6 6.9 2.0 -0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

159.7 164.7 166.0 0.6 1.0 0.8 4.1 3.8 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

163.4 168.8 170.0 1.1 0.9 0.7 4.1 4.4 4.0

Construction

160.5 163.5 164.4 1.1 1.1 0.6 4.5 3.0 2.4

Manufacturing

159.7 164.8 165.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 3.8 4.0 3.8

Management, professional, and related

153.8 158.9 159.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 3.3 3.9 3.7

Sales and office

164.0 168.3 169.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 3.8 3.4 3.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

161.1 166.4 168.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 4.5 4.4 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

163.4 168.7 170.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 4.1 4.3 4.0

Aircraft manufacturing

159.9 164.1 166.1 0.0 0.2 1.2 2.6 2.6 3.9

Service-providing industries(3)

165.2 170.2 171.3 0.7 0.7 0.6 4.4 3.8 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

164.6 169.9 170.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 4.5 4.0 3.8

Management, professional, and related

159.0 163.7 164.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 4.2 3.4 3.5

Sales and office

167.1 171.6 173.1 0.7 0.2 0.9 3.7 3.4 3.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

164.2 169.8 171.7 1.9 1.2 1.1 6.3 5.3 4.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

176.0 182.7 183.6 2.0 0.9 0.5 5.5 5.9 4.3

Service occupations

178.3 184.7 186.1 0.6 0.9 0.8 4.5 4.2 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

169.0 173.8 174.6 1.3 0.6 0.5 4.8 4.2 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

169.4 174.8 175.6 1.5 0.7 0.5 5.3 4.7 3.7

Wholesale trade

156.5 160.0 160.8 0.4 0.1 0.5 3.8 2.6 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

159.1 164.0 164.7 0.4 0.6 0.4 4.1 3.5 3.5

Retail trade

175.0 179.2 180.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 4.3 3.0 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

173.1 177.9 178.8 0.6 0.7 0.5 4.8 3.4 3.3

Transportation and warehousing

174.0 181.6 182.1 3.8 1.0 0.3 7.1 8.4 4.7

Utilities

166.7 171.1 172.2 1.2 0.9 0.6 5.1 3.8 3.3

Information

156.5 160.6 161.1 0.9 1.5 0.3 3.4 3.5 2.9

Financial activities

160.7 164.1 165.5 -0.1 0.2 0.9 3.5 2.1 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

159.2 163.6 164.1 0.1 0.5 0.3 3.7 2.9 3.1

Finance and insurance

161.3 164.3 166.0 0.0 -0.1 1.0 3.5 1.9 2.9

Credit intermediation and related activities

160.6 163.9 165.6 0.2 -0.3 1.0 4.4 2.2 3.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

162.0 166.5 166.7 0.1 0.4 0.1 3.7 2.9 2.9

Insurance carriers and related activities

159.0 163.3 164.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.5 3.4 2.1 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

155.7 160.3 160.8 0.2 0.4 0.3 4.0 3.2 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

158.0 163.8 163.8 -0.3 1.7 0.0 3.8 3.3 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

162.4 167.1 167.8 -0.2 0.7 0.4 3.4 2.6 3.3

Professional and business services

162.8 168.2 169.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 3.7 3.6 4.1

Professional, scientific, and technical services

163.2 167.9 169.0 0.2 0.2 0.7 3.6 3.1 3.6

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

166.2 171.6 173.1 0.4 0.7 0.9 4.0 3.7 4.2

Education and health services

163.0 168.5 169.6 1.0 1.4 0.7 4.9 4.4 4.0

Educational services

156.6 162.9 163.0 0.7 2.1 0.1 4.2 4.8 4.1

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

153.6 159.2 160.2 0.6 2.4 0.6 3.8 4.3 4.3

Health care and social assistance

164.4 169.7 171.1 1.0 1.3 0.8 5.0 4.3 4.1

Hospitals

164.9 169.9 171.7 1.3 1.0 1.1 5.2 4.4 4.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

167.8 172.9 174.1 0.8 0.9 0.7 5.1 3.9 3.8

Nursing care facilities(1)

167.4 171.4 172.7 0.9 0.5 0.8 5.3 3.3 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

179.4 185.2 186.2 0.3 0.7 0.5 4.1 3.6 3.8

Accommodation and food service

183.1 189.0 190.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 4.2 3.6 3.8

Other services, except public administration

167.0 173.6 175.3 0.7 0.6 1.0 5.4 4.7 5.0

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

Bargaining status

Union

162.7 169.5 171.6 2.1 0.8 1.2 5.4 6.4 5.5

Goods-producing industries(1)

153.0 158.6 160.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 3.9 5.1 4.8

Manufacturing

152.0 157.4 159.6 2.0 0.8 1.4 4.0 5.6 5.0

Service-providing industries(2)

168.7 176.1 178.4 2.6 0.7 1.3 6.2 7.1 5.7

Nonunion

164.3 169.1 170.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 4.2 3.6 3.5

Goods-producing industries(1)

161.7 165.8 166.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 4.1 3.4 3.2

Manufacturing

161.4 166.4 167.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 3.9 3.8 3.7

Service-providing industries(2)

164.9 169.8 170.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 4.2 3.5 3.6

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

164.3 168.8 170.0 0.6 0.7 0.7 3.9 3.4 3.5

New England

170.6 174.4 175.6 0.3 0.3 0.7 3.1 2.5 2.9

Middle Atlantic

162.0 166.6 167.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 4.2 3.7 3.6

South

163.1 167.6 168.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 4.6 3.4 3.4

South Atlantic

166.9 171.7 172.9 0.5 0.6 0.7 4.9 3.4 3.6

East South Central

161.4 165.3 166.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 4.7 3.2 3.3

West South Central

157.6 161.7 162.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 4.1 3.3 3.2

Midwest

160.1 164.8 165.4 0.8 0.8 0.4 4.0 3.7 3.3

East North Central

158.8 163.3 163.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 4.2 3.6 3.1

West North Central

163.1 168.3 169.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 3.4 3.9 3.9

West

169.5 175.7 177.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 4.4 4.6 4.4

Mountain

168.4 173.9 174.8 1.3 0.9 0.5 5.2 4.6 3.8

Pacific

170.2 176.7 178.2 0.8 0.6 0.8 4.2 4.7 4.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

All workers

152.4 158.1 159.2 0.8 2.2 0.7 4.7 4.6 4.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

149.8 155.3 156.2 0.7 2.3 0.6 4.5 4.4 4.3

Professional and related

149.3 154.8 155.7 0.6 2.2 0.6 4.3 4.3 4.3

Sales and office

154.2 160.0 161.4 1.0 1.9 0.9 5.5 4.8 4.7

Office and administrative support

154.8 160.5 161.9 1.0 1.8 0.9 5.6 4.8 4.6

Service occupations

161.4 167.9 169.6 0.9 1.9 1.0 4.9 5.0 5.1

Industry

Education and health services

150.1 155.6 156.5 0.7 2.4 0.6 4.3 4.4 4.3

Educational services

148.9 154.4 155.1 0.7 2.5 0.5 4.3 4.4 4.2

Schools

148.8 154.4 155.2 0.6 2.5 0.5 4.2 4.4 4.3

Elementary and secondary schools

148.3 153.9 154.5 0.5 2.6 0.4 4.3 4.3 4.2

Health care and social assistance

160.9 166.5 168.4 0.8 1.6 1.1 4.5 4.3 4.7

Hospitals

159.5 165.2 167.0 0.7 1.7 1.1 4.7 4.3 4.7

Public administration

156.4 162.7 164.1 1.0 1.9 0.9 5.3 5.1 4.9

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

161.9 167.0 167.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 3.8 3.7 3.6

Private industry workers

All workers

155.5 160.1 160.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 3.6 3.3 3.3

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

153.5 158.0 158.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 3.8 3.2 3.3

Sales and office

158.3 162.3 162.7 0.2 0.4 0.2 3.3 2.7 2.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

155.7 159.0 159.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 3.4 2.6 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

156.6 162.4 163.1 1.1 0.4 0.4 4.0 4.8 4.2

Service occupations

156.9 162.0 162.6 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.8 3.5 3.6

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

148.6 152.4 153.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 3.3 3.0 3.0

Manufacturing

148.3 152.3 153.1 0.6 0.3 0.5 3.3 3.3 3.2

Aircraft manufacturing

107.7 108.2 111.8 0.0 -0.2 3.3 2.6 0.5 3.8

Service-providing industries(3)

157.9 162.7 163.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 3.7 3.4 3.4

Bargaining status

Union

165.6 171.9 173.2 1.1 0.5 0.8 3.4 4.9 4.6

Nonunion

153.4 157.7 158.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.6 3.1 3.1

State and local government workers

All workers

185.1 192.6 194.2 0.8 1.8 0.8 4.6 4.8 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) Percent changes for 12-months ended-
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024
Dec.
2023
Sep.
2024
Dec.
2024

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

3.1 1.7 2.6 3.4 1.6 2.6

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

4.2 3.0 2.8 4.3 3.0 3.0

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

4.4 3.2 3.6 4.7 3.4 4.0

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

3.8 4.8 4.8 4.4 5.6 5.4

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

3.5 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

5.2 4.6 6.0 4.9 4.4 5.2

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

5.5 2.2 2.5 5.1 2.4 2.9

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

4.4 3.6 3.7 4.9 4.0 3.9

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

4.1 3.1 2.7 4.1 3.1 2.7

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

3.8 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.3 3.8

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

3.6 4.1 3.7 3.7 4.2 3.7

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

4.5 4.6 4.2 5.0 4.8 4.3

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

4.1 3.3 2.8 4.4 3.4 2.8

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

2.7 5.3 6.3 2.8 5.4 6.6

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

3.8 4.4 5.7 4.3 4.7 5.7

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Last Modified Date: January 31, 2025