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Economic News Release
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Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                    USDL-25-0657
8:30 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, April 30, 2025

Technical information: (202) 691-6199  •  ncsinfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/eci
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  •  pressoffice@bls.gov

                                  EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – MARCH 2025

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.9 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month period
ending in March 2025, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries increased 0.8
percent and benefit costs increased 1.2 percent from December 2024. (See tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 3.6 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2025
and increased 4.2 percent in March 2024. Wages and salaries increased 3.5 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in March 2025 and increased 4.4 percent in March 2024. Benefit costs increased 3.8 for the 12-month
period ending in March 2025. The prior year’s increase was 3.7 percent. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 3.4 percent over the year. In March 2024, the 
increase was 4.1 percent. Wages and salaries increased 3.4 percent for the 12-month period ending in March
2025 and increased 4.3 percent in March 2024. The cost of benefits increased 3.5 percent for the 12-month 
period ending in March 2025 and increased 3.6 percent in March 2024. Inflation-adjusted (constant dollar) 
wages and salaries increased 1.0 percent for the 12 months ending March 2025. 
(See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Within private industry by bargaining status, compensation costs increased 4.6 percent for union workers
and 3.3 percent for non-union workers for the 12-month period ending in March 2025. Wages and salaries 
increased 4.5 percent for union workers and 3.2 percent for non-union workers for the 12-month period 
ending in March 2025. Benefit costs increased 4.6 percent for union workers and 3.4 percent for non-union
workers for the period ending in March 2025. (See tables 6, 10, and 12.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 4.3 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in March 2025 and increased 4.8 percent in March 2024. Wages and salaries increased 4.1 percent 
for the 12-month period ending in March 2025 and 5.0 percent in March 2024. Benefit costs increased 4.8 
percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2025. The prior year’s increase was 4.5 percent. 
(See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Rounding Changes to Employment Cost Index (ECI) Estimates

Effective with the release of June 2025 ECI data on July 31, 2025, BLS will publish index levels to three
decimal places. Percent changes based on these more precise indexes will continue to be published to one 
decimal place. For more information, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2024/changes-to-index-rounding.htm.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted		 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, current dollar 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, constant dollar
Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

 0.9 0.9 4.2 3.8 3.6 0.8 0.8 1.2

Wages and salaries

 1.0 0.8 4.4 3.8 3.5 0.9 0.9 1.1

Benefits

 0.8 1.2 3.7 3.6 3.8 0.3 0.8 1.4

Private industry

Compensation(2)

 0.9 0.8 4.1 3.6 3.4 0.6 0.7 1.1

Wages and salaries

 0.9 0.8 4.3 3.7 3.4 0.8 0.8 1.0

Benefits

 0.7 1.2 3.6 3.3 3.5 0.1 0.4 1.1

Health benefits

 - - 2.8 3.4 5.4 - - -

State and local government

Compensation(2)

 1.1 0.9 4.8 4.7 4.3 1.3 1.7 1.9

Wages and salaries

 1.1 0.8 5.0 4.5 4.1 1.5 1.6 1.6

Benefits

 1.1 1.1 4.5 4.9 4.8 0.9 1.9 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

Note: All estimates in the table can be found in the public database at www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Dashes indicate data not available.

 


					   TECHNICAL NOTE
					   
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of
employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage, 
methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation, see National Compensation Measures Handbook of Methods
at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size: Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 
26,600 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,200 private industry establishments
and approximately 7,400 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors: To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all
current quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see 
www.bls.gov/eci/factsheets/eci-standard-errors.htm and the database query tool at www.bls.gov/eci/
data.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is
within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings: Historical ECI data are available in (xlsx) format at www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm.
The continuous occupational and industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification 
(SIC) Manual and Occupational Classification System (OCS) series from 1975 through 2005 and the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) from 
2006 to the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in 
classification systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see 
the article published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf. 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data: The costs per hour worked of compensation components are 
published as part of the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release 
dates are available at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in
xlsx format at www.bls.gov/ecec/tables.htm. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights
rather than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually
differ from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights: For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing
the ECI, see www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-
employment-cost-index.htm. Beginning with the December 2022 release, the ECI introduced new employment 
weights, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2022/eci-2021-fixed-weights-and-2018-soc-update.htm.

Seasonal factors: Detailed information on seasonal factors for the 2025 reference year and the revisions
of historical seasonally adjusted data for the most recent five years can be found at www.bls.gov/eci/
factsheets/annual-seasonal-adjustment.htm. More information on seasonal adjustment can be found at 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2024/article/seasonality-in-the-employment-cost-index.htm. 

Additional information: Historical tables are available in (xlsx) format for constant dollar, current 
dollar, and continuous series, see www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. ECI release dates are available on the
release calendar at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/eci.htm. Subscribe to receive the BLS Economic 
News Release email at public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. If you are deaf, hard 
of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Jun.
2024		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

 168.3 169.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 161.8 163.4 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.0

Manufacturing

 161.9 163.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7

Service-providing industries(4)

 169.7 171.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9

Education and health services

 167.8 169.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.1

Educational services

 166.2 167.6 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools

 166.3 167.7 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 165.1 166.5 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.8

Health care and social assistance

 169.3 171.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.3

Hospitals

 170.0 171.8 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

 169.0 171.0 1.2 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.2

Public administration

 176.0 178.0 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.1

Private industry workers

All workers

 167.8 169.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 162.7 164.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial

 163.1 164.4 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8

Professional and related

 162.5 164.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.0

Sales and office

 170.3 171.6 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8

Sales and related

 167.2 168.2 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.0 -0.1 0.5 0.9 0.6

Office and administrative support

 172.4 174.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 165.8 167.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 164.1 165.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 167.7 168.6 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 173.2 174.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.8

Production

 168.4 169.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.6

Transportation and material moving

 178.8 180.6 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.6 0.8 0.6 1.0

Service occupations

 181.0 182.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 161.7 163.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.7 1.0

Construction

 161.7 163.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.1 1.1 0.6 1.3

Manufacturing

 161.9 163.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7

Aircraft manufacturing

 140.5 141.3 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.9 -0.1 1.0 2.1 0.6

Service-providing industries(5)

 169.4 170.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 173.5 174.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7

Wholesale trade

 164.5 165.0 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.3

Retail trade

 176.8 177.8 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.2 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.6

Transportation and warehousing

 177.8 179.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 3.3 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.5 1.1

Utilities

 178.3 180.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0

Information

 162.0 162.4 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.9 -0.1 1.3 0.4 0.2

Financial activities

 165.1 167.5 0.4 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.5

Finance and insurance

 165.6 168.1 0.3 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.3 1.5 1.5

Credit intermediation and related activities

 168.1 171.8 1.2 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.2 1.9 2.2

Insurance carriers and related activities

 165.6 168.2 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.2 -0.1 1.0 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

 162.6 164.5 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.3 0.6 1.2

Professional and business services

 167.5 168.5 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.6

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 168.2 169.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.2 1.3 0.8

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 168.5 168.9 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.2

Education and health services

 167.7 169.8 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.3

Educational services

 163.9 165.1 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 163.2 164.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 168.5 170.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.3

Hospitals

 169.7 171.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

 167.4 169.4 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.2

Leisure and hospitality

 180.1 181.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.7

Accommodation and food services

 183.9 185.4 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.8

Other services, except public administration

 173.0 173.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.1

State and local government workers

All workers

 170.9 172.5 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9

Industry

Education and health services

 167.8 169.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8

Educational services

 166.8 168.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8

Schools

 166.7 168.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools

 166.8 168.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8

Health care and social assistance

 175.7 177.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9

Hospitals

 171.5 172.9 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8

Public administration

 176.0 178.0 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Jun.
2024		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 168.3 169.6 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 165.8 167.5 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.0

Manufacturing

 166.2 167.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8

Service-providing industries(3)

 168.8 170.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.7

Education and health services

 163.4 165.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0

Educational services

 156.2 157.3 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 154.5 155.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 157.6 159.0 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.9

Health care and social assistance

 170.7 172.8 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.2

Hospitals

 170.9 172.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1

Public administration

 163.9 165.7 0.8 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1

Private industry workers

All workers

 170.5 171.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 164.1 165.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9

Professional and related

 164.5 166.2 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0

Management, business, and financial

 163.9 165.0 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7

Sales and office

 172.8 173.8 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6

Sales and related

 170.9 171.7 0.4 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.1 -0.1 0.5 0.9 0.5

Office and administrative support

 174.2 175.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 168.5 169.6 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 166.7 168.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 170.7 171.4 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 177.8 179.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.8

Production

 172.6 173.5 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.5

Transportation and material moving

 183.5 185.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.5 1.0

Service occupations

 186.5 188.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.8

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 165.9 167.6 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.0

Construction

 164.6 166.9 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 -0.5 1.4 0.5 1.4

Manufacturing

 166.2 167.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8

Aircraft manufacturing

 167.0 169.4 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.6 1.5

Service-providing industries(4)

 171.7 172.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 175.1 176.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Wholesale trade

 161.5 162.4 0.7 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.5 -0.3 0.7 0.8 0.6

Retail trade

 180.3 181.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.2 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.8

Transportation and warehousing

 182.5 183.9 0.8 1.3 0.9 4.0 2.0 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.7

Utilities

 172.7 174.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9

Information

 161.4 161.1 1.1 0.9 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.3 1.6 0.4 -0.2

Financial activities

 166.0 167.2 0.1 1.8 1.1 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.3 1.4 0.7

Finance and insurance

 166.5 167.6 -0.1 2.0 1.1 0.5 -0.1 1.3 0.1 1.6 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities

 166.2 167.8 1.0 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.4 -0.2 1.7 1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities

 165.1 167.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.6 1.7 -0.2 1.2 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

 164.3 165.8 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.8 1.6 0.5 0.9

Professional and business services

 170.0 170.7 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.0 0.2 1.3 0.4

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 169.8 171.3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.1 1.4 0.9

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 173.7 173.8 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.1

Education and health services

 169.6 171.5 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.1

Educational services

 163.1 163.8 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 160.0 161.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.1 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 171.0 173.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.2

Hospitals

 171.7 173.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2

Leisure and hospitality

 186.9 188.3 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.0 0.7

Accommodation and food services

 190.8 192.5 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.5 0.7 1.1 0.9

Other services, except public administration

 176.3 175.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.5 -0.2

State and local government workers

All workers

 159.0 160.3 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8

Industry

Education and health services

 156.2 157.4 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8

Educational services

 154.8 155.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7

Schools

 154.8 155.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 154.1 155.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.6

Health care and social assistance

 168.1 169.4 1.1 0.9 1.8 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.8

Hospitals

 166.8 167.9 1.2 1.0 1.8 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.7

Public administration

 163.9 165.7 0.8 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Jun.
2024		 Sep.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 168.6 170.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.2

Private industry workers

All workers

 161.3 163.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 159.4 161.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1

Sales and office

 163.7 165.7 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 160.0 161.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 163.9 165.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.8 2.0 0.7 0.7 1.0

Service occupations

 163.0 165.3 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.4

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 153.4 154.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.8

Manufacturing

 153.5 154.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.6

Service-providing industries(3)

 164.0 166.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.2

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

 194.2 196.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

All workers(2)

 164.0 168.0 169.9 1.3 0.6 1.1 4.2 3.8 3.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

 163.9 168.0 169.9 1.4 0.6 1.1 4.2 3.9 3.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 159.7 163.5 165.4 1.3 0.6 1.2 4.1 3.7 3.6

Management, business, and financial

 160.0 163.3 165.1 1.3 0.5 1.1 3.9 3.4 3.2

Professional and related

 159.6 163.7 165.7 1.3 0.5 1.2 4.2 3.9 3.8

Sales and office

 168.0 170.7 172.9 1.6 0.7 1.3 4.2 3.2 2.9

Sales and related

 165.8 166.9 169.1 1.7 1.1 1.3 4.2 2.4 2.0

Office and administrative support

 169.0 173.0 175.2 1.4 0.5 1.3 4.1 3.8 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 161.8 166.3 167.8 1.1 0.8 0.9 4.3 3.9 3.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 160.3 164.6 166.4 1.1 0.7 1.1 3.7 3.8 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 163.6 168.1 169.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 4.9 3.9 3.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 168.2 172.9 174.8 1.4 0.6 1.1 4.7 4.3 3.9

Production

 163.7 168.0 169.7 1.4 0.7 1.0 4.2 4.1 3.7

Transportation and material moving

 174.3 179.2 181.4 1.5 0.4 1.2 5.1 4.3 4.1

Service occupations

 175.3 180.6 182.8 1.4 0.8 1.2 4.3 4.5 4.3

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

 158.4 161.5 163.4 1.3 0.6 1.2 3.9 3.3 3.2

Manufacturing

 158.1 161.4 163.1 1.5 0.6 1.1 3.8 3.6 3.2

Service-providing industries(5)

 165.1 169.1 171.1 1.4 0.6 1.2 4.3 3.8 3.6

Education and health services

 162.7 167.7 169.5 1.1 0.6 1.1 4.4 4.2 4.2

Educational services

 160.8 166.0 167.0 0.8 0.4 0.6 4.3 4.1 3.9

Elementary and secondary schools

 160.9 166.1 167.0 0.6 0.4 0.5 4.2 3.9 3.8

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 159.5 165.0 166.3 1.0 0.7 0.8 4.3 4.5 4.3

Health care and social assistance

 164.6 169.3 171.8 1.3 0.8 1.5 4.6 4.2 4.4

Hospitals

 165.4 169.8 172.2 1.6 0.8 1.4 4.7 4.3 4.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

 164.9 168.8 170.8 1.2 0.7 1.2 4.5 3.6 3.6

Public administration

 169.4 175.6 177.8 1.6 0.9 1.3 5.8 5.3 5.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

All workers

 163.8 167.4 169.4 1.4 0.6 1.2 4.1 3.6 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 163.7 167.3 169.4 1.4 0.5 1.3 4.1 3.7 3.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 158.9 162.2 164.3 1.3 0.5 1.3 3.9 3.4 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 158.1 161.3 163.5 1.4 0.4 1.4 3.9 3.5 3.4

Management, business, and financial

 159.5 162.6 164.4 1.3 0.4 1.1 3.7 3.2 3.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 158.5 161.3 163.4 1.5 0.4 1.3 3.8 3.3 3.1

Professional and related

 158.6 162.1 164.4 1.4 0.5 1.4 4.1 3.6 3.7

Sales and office

 167.9 170.2 172.4 1.6 0.7 1.3 4.1 3.0 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 169.3 172.7 174.9 1.4 0.4 1.3 3.9 3.5 3.3

Sales and related

 165.7 166.8 168.9 1.7 1.1 1.3 4.2 2.4 1.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 169.8 173.0 175.0 1.3 0.5 1.2 3.7 3.2 3.1

Office and administrative support

 168.3 171.9 174.1 1.5 0.4 1.3 4.0 3.7 3.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 161.3 165.6 167.1 1.0 0.8 0.9 4.2 3.7 3.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 159.7 163.9 165.7 1.0 0.7 1.1 3.6 3.7 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 163.2 167.5 168.6 1.1 0.8 0.7 4.9 3.7 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 167.9 172.4 174.4 1.5 0.5 1.2 4.7 4.2 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 167.6 172.2 174.0 1.4 0.6 1.0 4.7 4.2 3.8

Production

 163.7 168.0 169.6 1.5 0.7 1.0 4.2 4.2 3.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 163.9 168.2 169.9 1.3 0.7 1.0 4.1 4.0 3.7

Transportation and material moving

 173.9 178.7 181.0 1.4 0.4 1.3 5.1 4.2 4.1

Service occupations

 175.6 180.5 182.8 1.4 0.7 1.3 3.9 4.2 4.1

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

 158.3 161.4 163.3 1.3 0.6 1.2 3.8 3.3 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 157.9 161.5 163.4 1.3 0.6 1.2 3.7 3.6 3.5

Management, professional, and related

 151.3 153.7 155.8 1.6 0.3 1.4 3.3 3.2 3.0

Sales and office

 169.5 167.2 169.9 1.4 0.5 1.6 5.7 0.1 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 159.0 163.2 164.9 1.0 0.6 1.0 3.6 3.6 3.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 161.2 165.6 167.5 1.3 0.7 1.1 3.9 4.0 3.9

Construction

 159.2 161.5 163.8 1.0 0.5 1.4 3.8 2.4 2.9

Manufacturing

 158.1 161.4 163.1 1.5 0.6 1.1 3.8 3.6 3.2

Management, professional, and related

 152.5 155.0 156.7 1.6 0.3 1.1 3.3 3.3 2.8

Sales and office occupations

 163.8 165.4 166.7 2.1 0.4 0.8 4.5 3.1 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 157.9 162.7 163.7 1.2 1.1 0.6 3.9 4.3 3.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 161.2 165.4 167.3 1.4 0.7 1.1 4.1 4.0 3.8

Aircraft manufacturing

 137.2 139.8 141.8 1.9 2.0 1.4 2.7 3.8 3.4

Service-providing industries(4)

 165.4 169.0 171.1 1.4 0.5 1.2 4.2 3.6 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 165.3 169.0 171.2 1.4 0.5 1.3 4.1 3.7 3.6

Management, professional, and related

 160.2 163.6 165.7 1.3 0.5 1.3 4.0 3.5 3.4

Sales and office

 167.7 170.5 172.7 1.7 0.7 1.3 3.9 3.4 3.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 164.8 169.2 170.3 1.1 1.0 0.7 5.1 3.8 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 174.8 179.5 181.5 1.6 0.4 1.1 5.2 4.3 3.8

Service occupations

 175.7 180.7 183.0 1.4 0.7 1.3 4.0 4.3 4.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 169.4 173.1 174.8 1.1 0.4 1.0 4.4 3.3 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 170.0 174.3 175.6 1.1 0.4 0.7 4.5 3.7 3.3

Wholesale trade

 162.1 163.7 165.2 1.9 0.4 0.9 4.4 2.9 1.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 164.2 168.0 168.8 1.2 0.4 0.5 3.7 3.6 2.8

Retail trade

 172.0 176.4 177.7 0.3 0.5 0.7 2.7 2.9 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 171.4 175.5 176.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 3.3 3.2 3.0

Transportation and warehousing

 172.8 177.6 179.9 1.8 0.3 1.3 7.2 4.6 4.1

Utilities

 173.6 177.6 180.3 1.0 0.6 1.5 4.1 3.3 3.9

Information

 159.5 161.6 162.7 1.3 0.2 0.7 3.2 2.6 2.0

Financial activities

 160.4 164.4 167.4 0.9 0.8 1.8 3.4 3.4 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 161.9 164.7 168.7 1.6 0.4 2.4 3.2 3.4 4.2

Finance and insurance

 160.8 164.9 168.1 0.8 1.0 1.9 3.5 3.4 4.5

Credit intermediation and related activities

 163.2 167.4 171.5 1.7 1.2 2.4 4.4 4.3 5.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 166.8 170.4 175.9 2.0 0.7 3.2 3.5 4.2 5.5

Insurance carriers and related activities

 162.1 164.6 168.3 1.4 0.4 2.2 2.7 2.9 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 160.9 162.9 165.7 1.7 0.2 1.7 3.3 3.0 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

 158.4 162.2 164.6 1.0 -0.1 1.5 2.9 3.4 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 162.7 165.9 168.2 1.2 0.3 1.4 2.9 3.2 3.4

Professional and business services

 164.2 166.9 168.9 2.0 0.7 1.2 4.0 3.7 2.9

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 165.0 167.4 170.0 1.9 0.6 1.6 3.8 3.4 3.0

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 164.1 167.8 169.3 1.5 0.7 0.9 3.7 3.8 3.2

Education and health services

 163.1 167.6 170.0 1.2 0.5 1.4 4.5 4.0 4.2

Educational services

 159.6 163.8 164.9 1.2 -0.1 0.7 4.5 3.9 3.3

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 158.0 163.3 164.2 1.0 0.6 0.6 4.0 4.3 3.9

Health care and social assistance

 163.8 168.4 171.0 1.2 0.7 1.5 4.5 4.1 4.4

Hospitals

 165.2 169.4 171.9 1.7 0.8 1.5 4.7 4.2 4.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

 163.4 167.2 169.3 1.1 0.6 1.3 4.3 3.5 3.6

Nursing care facilities(2)

 163.1 166.1 168.2 0.9 0.7 1.3 4.6 2.8 3.1

Leisure and hospitality

 174.7 179.2 181.3 1.0 0.4 1.2 3.2 3.6 3.8

Accommodation and food service

 178.3 183.0 185.3 0.9 0.5 1.3 3.1 3.6 3.9

Other services, except public administration

 168.2 172.0 173.9 2.4 0.8 1.1 5.3 4.7 3.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

Bargaining status

Union

 166.5 172.1 174.1 1.7 1.1 1.2 5.3 5.1 4.6

Goods-producing industries(2)

 156.8 161.9 163.5 1.2 0.9 1.0 4.1 4.5 4.3

Manufacturing

 151.1 156.2 157.8 1.6 1.4 1.0 4.6 5.0 4.4

Service-providing industries(3)

 173.1 179.0 181.3 1.9 1.1 1.3 5.9 5.4 4.7

Nonunion

 163.4 166.7 168.8 1.4 0.5 1.3 3.9 3.4 3.3

Goods-producing industries(2)

 158.5 161.1 163.1 1.3 0.5 1.2 3.8 2.9 2.9

Manufacturing

 159.8 162.9 164.6 1.5 0.5 1.0 3.7 3.4 3.0

Service-providing industries(3)

 164.6 168.0 170.1 1.4 0.5 1.3 4.0 3.4 3.3

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

 165.0 168.4 170.5 1.2 0.6 1.2 3.8 3.3 3.3

New England

 168.9 171.9 174.0 1.1 0.6 1.2 3.6 2.9 3.0

Middle Atlantic

 163.6 167.2 169.3 1.3 0.6 1.3 3.9 3.5 3.5

South

 161.8 165.0 167.1 1.3 0.6 1.3 4.3 3.3 3.3

South Atlantic

 165.3 168.6 170.3 1.5 0.6 1.0 4.6 3.5 3.0

East South Central

 160.2 164.0 166.4 0.5 0.6 1.5 3.5 2.9 3.9

West South Central

 156.7 159.5 162.3 1.6 0.7 1.8 4.3 3.4 3.6

Midwest

 160.7 163.7 166.0 1.4 0.3 1.4 3.9 3.3 3.3

East North Central

 159.5 162.4 164.4 1.3 0.2 1.2 4.1 3.2 3.1

West North Central

 163.4 167.0 169.7 1.4 0.6 1.6 3.5 3.7 3.9

West

 168.7 173.2 175.0 1.6 0.6 1.0 4.1 4.3 3.7

Mountain

 166.5 170.7 172.6 1.0 0.5 1.1 4.0 3.6 3.7

Pacific

 169.8 174.5 176.1 1.7 0.8 0.9 4.1 4.6 3.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

All workers

 164.9 170.6 172.0 1.2 0.7 0.8 4.8 4.7 4.3

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 161.7 167.2 168.4 0.9 0.6 0.7 4.6 4.4 4.1

Professional and related

 161.4 166.9 167.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 4.5 4.4 4.0

Sales and office

 169.2 175.3 177.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 5.2 5.0 4.8

Office and administrative support

 169.3 175.3 177.3 1.4 0.9 1.1 5.3 5.0 4.7

Service occupations

 174.1 180.4 182.4 1.6 1.0 1.1 5.5 5.3 4.8

Industry

Education and health services

 162.2 167.6 168.7 0.9 0.6 0.7 4.4 4.2 4.0

Educational services

 161.1 166.6 167.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 4.3 4.2 4.0

Schools

 161.1 166.5 167.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 4.3 4.1 4.0

Elementary and secondary schools

 161.3 166.6 167.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 4.2 4.0 3.8

Health care and social assistance

 170.1 175.6 177.2 1.6 1.1 0.9 4.9 4.9 4.2

Hospitals

 166.2 171.6 173.1 1.6 1.1 0.9 4.8 4.9 4.2

Public administration

 169.4 175.6 177.8 1.6 0.9 1.3 5.8 5.3 5.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

All workers(1)

 164.0 168.1 169.7 1.3 0.7 1.0 4.4 3.8 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 163.4 167.6 169.2 1.3 0.6 1.0 4.4 3.9 3.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 157.6 161.6 163.0 1.1 0.6 0.9 4.2 3.7 3.4

Management, business, and financial

 159.3 162.9 164.2 1.1 0.4 0.8 4.0 3.4 3.1

Professional and related

 156.8 161.0 162.7 1.1 0.6 1.1 4.3 3.8 3.8

Sales and office

 169.5 172.2 174.0 1.6 0.9 1.0 4.5 3.2 2.7

Sales and related

 169.4 170.5 172.5 1.8 1.3 1.2 4.5 2.5 1.8

Office and administrative support

 169.1 173.2 174.9 1.4 0.5 1.0 4.4 3.9 3.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 162.7 168.0 169.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 4.5 4.3 4.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 161.2 166.2 167.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 3.9 4.2 4.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 164.4 170.1 170.9 1.0 1.0 0.5 5.2 4.5 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 172.2 176.7 178.5 1.6 0.6 1.0 5.2 4.2 3.7

Production

 167.9 172.1 173.7 1.6 0.8 0.9 4.5 4.2 3.5

Transportation and material moving

 177.8 182.6 184.5 1.5 0.4 1.0 5.6 4.3 3.8

Service occupations

 176.8 182.2 184.2 1.4 0.8 1.1 4.5 4.5 4.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 162.3 165.5 167.6 1.4 0.6 1.3 4.1 3.4 3.3

Manufacturing

 162.3 165.8 167.6 1.6 0.6 1.1 4.0 3.8 3.3

Service-providing industries(4)

 164.3 168.5 170.1 1.3 0.7 0.9 4.5 3.9 3.5

Education and health services

 158.6 163.5 165.0 1.0 0.6 0.9 4.7 4.1 4.0

Educational services

 151.5 156.5 157.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 4.6 4.2 3.6

Elementary and secondary schools

 149.9 154.8 155.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 4.6 4.0 3.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

 152.6 158.0 158.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 4.3 4.4 4.1

Health care and social assistance

 165.9 170.8 173.0 1.1 0.8 1.3 4.7 4.1 4.3

Hospitals

 166.0 170.9 173.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 4.8 4.3 4.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 168.7 173.1 175.1 1.1 0.7 1.2 4.8 3.7 3.8

Public administration

 158.6 164.1 165.8 1.4 0.9 1.0 5.9 4.9 4.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

All workers

 166.3 170.2 171.9 1.3 0.7 1.0 4.3 3.7 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 165.7 169.7 171.6 1.3 0.5 1.1 4.2 3.8 3.6

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 160.1 163.7 165.4 1.2 0.5 1.0 4.0 3.5 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 158.8 162.2 164.1 1.3 0.4 1.2 4.1 3.5 3.3

Management, business, and financial

 160.1 163.5 164.8 1.1 0.4 0.8 3.9 3.3 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 158.0 161.1 162.6 1.4 0.4 0.9 3.9 3.4 2.9

Professional and related

 160.3 164.2 166.3 1.2 0.6 1.3 4.1 3.7 3.7

Sales and office

 170.6 173.1 175.0 1.7 0.8 1.1 4.3 3.2 2.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 171.6 175.5 177.3 1.4 0.5 1.0 4.1 3.7 3.3

Sales and related

 169.6 170.6 172.6 1.9 1.2 1.2 4.5 2.5 1.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 173.1 176.9 178.7 1.3 0.5 1.0 3.8 3.6 3.2

Office and administrative support

 169.9 173.8 175.5 1.5 0.4 1.0 4.2 3.8 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 163.2 168.3 169.6 1.1 0.9 0.8 4.5 4.2 3.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 161.6 166.4 168.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 3.8 4.1 4.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 165.0 170.6 171.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 5.2 4.4 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 172.6 177.0 178.8 1.6 0.6 1.0 5.2 4.2 3.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 172.4 176.9 178.4 1.5 0.6 0.8 5.1 4.2 3.5

Production

 168.0 172.2 173.8 1.6 0.8 0.9 4.5 4.2 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 168.1 172.3 174.1 1.4 0.8 1.0 4.3 4.0 3.6

Transportation and material moving

 178.8 183.4 185.4 1.6 0.4 1.1 5.7 4.2 3.7

Service occupations

 180.7 186.0 188.1 1.4 0.8 1.1 4.2 4.4 4.1

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

 162.4 165.6 167.7 1.4 0.7 1.3 4.1 3.4 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 161.6 165.7 167.7 1.4 0.7 1.2 3.9 4.0 3.8

Management, professional, and related

 155.6 158.6 161.1 1.8 0.4 1.6 3.5 3.7 3.5

Sales and office

 177.1 173.0 175.9 1.5 0.6 1.7 6.8 -0.9 -0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 161.3 166.0 167.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 3.8 3.9 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 165.6 170.0 172.0 1.3 0.7 1.2 4.1 4.0 3.9

Construction

 162.1 164.4 166.8 1.0 0.6 1.5 4.2 2.4 2.9

Manufacturing

 162.3 165.8 167.6 1.6 0.6 1.1 4.0 3.8 3.3

Management, professional, and related

 156.5 159.5 161.6 1.8 0.4 1.3 3.5 3.7 3.3

Sales and office

 167.9 169.2 170.2 2.4 0.5 0.6 5.0 3.2 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 162.9 168.2 169.2 1.1 1.1 0.6 4.0 4.4 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 165.8 170.0 172.0 1.5 0.8 1.2 4.2 4.0 3.7

Aircraft manufacturing

 163.3 166.1 170.2 2.1 1.2 2.5 3.2 3.9 4.2

Service-providing industries(3)

 167.4 171.3 173.0 1.3 0.6 1.0 4.4 3.7 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 166.8 170.8 172.6 1.3 0.5 1.1 4.3 3.8 3.5

Management, professional, and related

 160.8 164.5 166.1 1.1 0.5 1.0 4.1 3.5 3.3

Sales and office

 169.9 173.1 174.9 1.7 0.9 1.0 4.1 3.6 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 166.0 171.7 172.5 1.1 1.1 0.5 5.6 4.6 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 179.0 183.6 185.2 1.7 0.5 0.9 5.9 4.3 3.5

Service occupations

 180.8 186.1 188.2 1.4 0.8 1.1 4.3 4.4 4.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 171.1 174.6 176.3 1.2 0.5 1.0 4.8 3.3 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 171.4 175.6 176.9 1.2 0.5 0.7 4.9 3.7 3.2

Wholesale trade

 159.7 160.8 162.6 2.0 0.5 1.1 4.7 2.7 1.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 160.9 164.7 165.7 1.1 0.4 0.6 3.7 3.5 3.0

Retail trade

 175.4 180.1 181.5 0.2 0.5 0.8 3.1 2.9 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 174.6 178.8 180.0 0.9 0.5 0.7 3.7 3.3 3.1

Transportation and warehousing

 177.6 182.1 183.9 2.1 0.3 1.0 8.3 4.7 3.5

Utilities

 168.3 172.2 174.7 1.0 0.6 1.5 4.5 3.3 3.8

Information

 158.1 161.1 161.3 1.0 0.3 0.1 2.9 2.9 2.0

Financial activities

 161.1 165.5 167.1 0.2 0.9 1.0 3.5 3.0 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 161.5 164.1 166.8 1.4 0.3 1.6 3.3 3.1 3.3

Finance and insurance

 161.6 166.0 167.4 0.2 1.0 0.8 3.6 2.9 3.6

Credit intermediation and related activities

 162.5 165.6 167.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 4.7 3.1 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 164.7 166.7 169.9 1.7 0.1 1.9 3.3 2.9 3.2

Insurance carriers and related activities

 160.8 164.1 167.6 1.1 0.5 2.1 2.7 3.2 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 158.2 160.8 163.2 1.6 0.3 1.5 3.5 3.3 3.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

 159.6 163.8 165.8 1.0 0.0 1.2 3.3 3.7 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 164.5 167.8 169.8 1.3 0.4 1.2 3.3 3.3 3.2

Professional and business services

 166.2 169.4 171.1 2.1 0.7 1.0 4.2 4.1 2.9

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 166.1 169.0 171.5 1.8 0.7 1.5 3.9 3.6 3.3

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 169.0 173.1 174.2 1.7 0.9 0.6 4.0 4.2 3.1

Education and health services

 164.8 169.6 171.6 1.1 0.7 1.2 4.7 4.0 4.1

Educational services

 158.5 163.0 163.6 1.2 0.1 0.4 4.6 4.1 3.2

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 154.9 160.2 160.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 4.0 4.3 3.8

Health care and social assistance

 166.1 171.1 173.3 1.0 0.8 1.3 4.7 4.1 4.3

Hospitals

 167.0 171.7 174.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 4.8 4.1 4.3

Nursing and residential care facilities

 169.7 174.1 176.2 1.1 0.7 1.2 4.9 3.8 3.8

Nursing care facilities(1)

 168.7 172.7 174.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 4.8 3.2 3.7

Leisure and hospitality

 181.3 186.2 188.4 1.1 0.5 1.2 3.4 3.8 3.9

Accommodation and food service

 184.9 190.1 192.6 1.0 0.6 1.3 3.3 3.8 4.2

Other services, except public administration

 170.9 175.3 176.5 2.3 1.0 0.7 5.6 5.0 3.3

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

Bargaining status

Union

 165.9 171.6 173.4 2.0 1.2 1.0 6.3 5.5 4.5

Goods-producing industries(1)

 155.2 160.3 161.9 1.4 1.1 1.0 4.4 4.8 4.3

Manufacturing

 155.0 159.6 161.3 2.0 1.4 1.1 5.2 5.0 4.1

Service-providing industries(2)

 172.5 178.4 180.5 2.3 1.3 1.2 7.3 5.7 4.6

Nonunion

 166.4 170.1 171.8 1.3 0.6 1.0 4.1 3.5 3.2

Goods-producing industries(1)

 163.9 166.8 169.0 1.4 0.6 1.3 4.0 3.2 3.1

Manufacturing

 163.9 167.3 169.1 1.5 0.5 1.1 3.9 3.7 3.2

Service-providing industries(2)

 167.0 170.8 172.5 1.3 0.6 1.0 4.1 3.6 3.3

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

 166.1 170.0 172.0 1.1 0.7 1.2 3.9 3.5 3.6

New England

 172.3 175.6 177.5 1.0 0.7 1.1 4.0 2.9 3.0

Middle Atlantic

 163.8 167.9 169.9 1.1 0.8 1.2 3.9 3.6 3.7

South

 165.2 168.7 170.6 1.3 0.7 1.1 4.6 3.4 3.3

South Atlantic

 169.3 172.9 174.5 1.4 0.7 0.9 4.9 3.6 3.1

East South Central

 162.2 166.7 168.8 0.5 0.8 1.3 3.5 3.3 4.1

West South Central

 159.8 162.6 164.9 1.4 0.6 1.4 4.4 3.2 3.2

Midwest

 162.3 165.4 167.5 1.4 0.4 1.3 4.2 3.3 3.2

East North Central

 160.8 163.7 165.5 1.3 0.2 1.1 4.2 3.1 2.9

West North Central

 165.7 169.4 172.2 1.6 0.7 1.7 3.9 3.9 3.9

West

 172.2 177.0 178.2 1.6 0.7 0.7 4.3 4.4 3.5

Mountain

 170.3 174.8 176.5 1.1 0.5 1.0 4.4 3.8 3.6

Pacific

 173.2 178.2 179.1 1.8 0.8 0.5 4.3 4.7 3.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

All workers

 153.9 159.2 160.2 1.0 0.7 0.6 5.0 4.5 4.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 151.1 156.2 157.0 0.9 0.6 0.5 4.9 4.3 3.9

Professional and related

 150.6 155.7 156.4 0.9 0.6 0.4 4.6 4.3 3.9

Sales and office

 156.0 161.4 162.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 5.8 4.7 4.4

Office and administrative support

 156.5 161.9 163.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 5.7 4.6 4.3

Service occupations

 163.9 169.6 171.1 1.5 1.0 0.9 5.6 5.1 4.4

Industry

Education and health services

 151.4 156.5 157.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 4.6 4.3 3.8

Educational services

 150.0 155.1 155.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 4.6 4.2 3.8

Schools

 150.0 155.2 155.7 0.8 0.5 0.3 4.6 4.3 3.8

Elementary and secondary schools

 149.4 154.5 154.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 4.6 4.2 3.6

Health care and social assistance

 163.0 168.4 169.5 1.3 1.1 0.7 4.9 4.7 4.0

Hospitals

 161.5 167.0 168.0 1.3 1.1 0.6 4.9 4.7 4.0

Public administration

 158.6 164.1 165.8 1.4 0.9 1.0 5.9 4.9 4.5

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 164.2 167.8 170.5 1.4 0.5 1.6 3.7 3.6 3.8

Private industry workers

All workers

 157.9 160.7 163.5 1.5 0.4 1.7 3.6 3.3 3.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 156.1 158.6 161.6 1.7 0.4 1.9 3.7 3.3 3.5

Sales and office

 160.7 162.7 165.8 1.5 0.2 1.9 3.3 2.8 3.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 157.3 159.7 161.5 1.0 0.4 1.1 3.6 2.6 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 158.3 163.1 165.4 1.1 0.4 1.4 3.7 4.2 4.5

Service occupations

 158.7 162.6 165.4 1.1 0.4 1.7 2.7 3.6 4.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 150.3 153.0 154.7 1.1 0.4 1.1 3.4 3.0 2.9

Manufacturing

 150.1 153.1 154.5 1.2 0.5 0.9 3.4 3.2 2.9

Aircraft manufacturing

 109.4 111.8 111.5 1.6 3.3 -0.3 2.1 3.8 1.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 160.4 163.3 166.4 1.6 0.4 1.9 3.6 3.4 3.7

Bargaining status

Union

 167.7 173.2 175.4 1.3 0.8 1.3 3.8 4.6 4.6

Nonunion

 155.8 158.2 161.1 1.6 0.3 1.8 3.6 3.1 3.4

State and local government workers

All workers

 187.6 194.2 196.6 1.4 0.8 1.2 4.5 4.9 4.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) Percent changes for 12-months ended-
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025		 Mar.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Mar.
2025

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

 3.2 2.6 3.6 3.5 2.6 3.7

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

 4.1 2.8 3.0 4.2 3.0 3.2

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

 2.8 3.6 3.3 3.0 4.0 3.4

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

 4.4 4.8 3.6 5.1 5.4 3.7

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

 3.5 3.6 4.4 3.8 3.4 4.5

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

 5.7 6.0 7.5 5.3 5.2 4.8

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

 6.7 2.5 1.1 7.1 2.9 1.2

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

 4.5 3.7 2.6 5.1 3.9 2.5

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

 4.3 2.7 3.2 4.4 2.7 3.1

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

 3.4 4.5 4.6 3.6 3.8 3.8

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

 3.8 3.7 5.7 4.2 3.7 5.7

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.3 4.4

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

 2.7 2.8 3.4 2.8 2.8 3.2

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

 4.4 6.3 3.8 4.7 6.6 3.5

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

 3.5 5.7 5.8 3.9 5.7 5.6

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: April 30, 2025