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Economic News Release
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Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                 USDL-23-1640
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, July 28, 2023

Technical information: (202) 691-6199  *  ncsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/eci
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  pressoffice@bls.gov

				EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – JUNE 2023

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 1.0 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 
period ending in June 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries 
increased 1.0 percent and benefit costs increased 0.9 percent from March 2023. (See tables A, 1,
2, and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 4.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
June 2023 and increased 5.1 percent in June 2022. Wages and salaries increased 4.6 percent for the 
12-month period ending in June 2023 and increased 5.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
June 2022. Benefit costs increased 4.2 percent over the year and increased 4.8 percent for the 
12-month period ending in June 2022. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 4.5 percent over the year. In June 2022, 
the increase was 5.5 percent. Wages and salaries increased 4.6 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in June 2023 and increased 5.7 percent in June 2022. The cost of benefits increased 3.9 
percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2023 and increased 5.3 percent in June 2022. Inflation-
adjusted (constant dollar) compensation costs for private industry increased 1.5 percent for the 
12-month period ending in June 2023. Inflation-adjusted wages and salaries increased 1.7 percent for 
the 12 months ending June 2023. Inflation-adjusted benefit costs in the private sector increased 0.9 
percent over that same period. (See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Among private industry occupational groups, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period ending 
in June 2023 ranged from 4.1 percent for natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations 
to 5.3 percent for service occupations. Within industry supersectors, compensation cost increases 
ranged from 3.5 percent for financial activities to 5.4 percent for leisure and hospitality.
(See table 5.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 4.9 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in June 2023, compared with an increase of 3.4 percent in June 2022. Wages and salaries 
increased 4.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2023 and 3.2 percent a year ago. Benefit 
costs increased 5.2 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2023. The prior year increase 
was 3.6 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted		 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, current dollar 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, constant dollar
Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

 1.2 1.0 5.1 4.8 4.5 -3.6 -0.2 1.6

Wages and salaries

 1.2 1.0 5.3 5.0 4.6 -3.5 0.0 1.7

Benefits

 1.2 0.9 4.8 4.5 4.2 -3.9 -0.5 1.2

Private industry

Compensation(2)

 1.2 1.0 5.5 4.8 4.5 -3.3 -0.2 1.5

Wages and salaries

 1.2 1.0 5.7 5.1 4.6 -3.1 0.1 1.7

Benefits

 1.1 0.9 5.3 4.3 3.9 -3.5 -0.6 0.9

Health benefits

 - - 4.6 3.1 2.1 - - -

State and local government

Compensation(2)

 1.1 1.0 3.4 4.9 4.9 -5.2 -0.1 1.9

Wages and salaries

 0.9 0.8 3.2 4.7 4.7 -5.4 -0.2 1.7

Benefits

 1.5 1.0 3.6 5.0 5.2 -5.0 0.2 2.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

Note: All estimates in the table can be found in the public database at www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Dashes indicate data not available.

 


					   TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence 
of employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, 
coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation, see National Compensation Measures 
Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size
Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 28,100 
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 7,000 private industry establishments and 
approximately 7,600 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. Beginning December 2021, an 
additional (fourth) private industry sample is used in estimation to mitigate the impact of 
decreasing response rates.

Standard errors
To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all current 
quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see 
www.bls.gov/eci/factsheets/eci-standard-errors.htm and the database query tool at 
www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate 
to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings
Historical ECI data are available in xlsx format at www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. The continuous 
occupational and industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual 
and Occupational Classification System (OCS) series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American 
Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) from 2006 to
the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in classification 
systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article 
published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data
The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs 
for Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release dates are available at 
www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in xlsx format at 
www.bls.gov/ecec/tables.htm. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather 
than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually
differ from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights
For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-
employment-cost-index.htm. Beginning with the December 2022 release, the ECI introduced new
employment weights, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2022/eci-2021-fixed-weights-and-2018-soc-update.htm.

Additional information
Historical tables are available in (xlsx) format for constant dollar, current dollar, and continuous
series, see www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. ECI release dates are available on the release calendar at 
www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/eci.htm. Subscribe to receive the BLS Economic News Release email 
at public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or 
have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2021		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

 157.4 159.0 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 152.6 153.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.8

Manufacturing

 152.2 153.6 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9

Service-providing industries(4)

 158.5 160.1 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0

Education and health services

 156.0 157.4 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.9

Educational services

 154.8 155.9 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.2 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 155.1 156.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.7 1.1 1.1 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 153.3 154.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 157.2 159.0 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1

Hospitals

 157.7 159.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

 157.8 159.6 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.1

Public administration

 160.2 162.1 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.2

Private industry workers

All workers

 157.3 158.9 0.7 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 152.8 154.6 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2

Management, business, and financial

 153.7 155.6 0.8 1.5 0.6 1.2 1.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.2

Professional and related

 152.2 153.9 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1

Sales and office

 160.8 162.5 0.3 1.3 1.1 1.6 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

Sales and related

 158.9 160.7 -0.4 1.5 1.0 1.8 2.6 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1

Office and administrative support

 161.8 163.4 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 154.9 156.3 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 154.1 155.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 155.7 157.1 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 160.6 162.3 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1

Production

 157.1 158.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.4 0.9

Transportation and material moving

 165.1 167.0 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2

Service occupations

 168.7 170.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.1

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 152.6 153.7 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.7

Construction

 153.7 154.5 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.5

Manufacturing

 152.2 153.6 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9

Aircraft manufacturing

 132.9 134.1 0.6 7.1 0.4 2.1 0.7 -5.6 0.8 0.9 0.9

Service-providing industries(5)

 158.7 160.3 0.6 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 162.0 164.1 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3

Wholesale trade

 155.0 157.4 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.6 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.5

Retail trade

 167.3 168.9 1.1 1.6 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0

Transportation and warehousing

 160.8 163.1 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4

Utilities

 166.5 169.0 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.5

Information

 154.4 156.0 0.5 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0

Financial activities

 155.2 156.8 -1.9 2.3 -0.4 1.2 1.9 1.0 1.3 0.2 1.0

Finance and insurance

 155.6 157.2 -2.4 2.5 -0.9 1.0 1.9 0.9 1.4 0.1 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities

 157.6 156.8 1.3 5.3 -1.3 0.0 2.0 -0.1 1.6 1.5 -0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities

 157.8 159.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

 153.6 155.3 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1

Professional and business services

 157.7 159.0 0.6 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.8

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 158.8 160.2 0.6 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.5 0.9

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 158.1 159.3 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.5 0.8

Education and health services

 155.9 157.6 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1

Educational services

 153.1 154.0 0.3 1.4 0.5 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 152.1 153.2 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 156.5 158.3 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

Hospitals

 157.5 159.4 0.8 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 156.6 158.3 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.1

Leisure and hospitality

 169.3 171.2 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.1

Accommodation and food services

 173.0 175.1 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.2

Other services, except public administration

 159.5 161.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.7 1.2

State and local government workers

All workers

 157.7 159.2 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.0

Industry

Education and health services

 156.0 157.2 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.7 1.1 1.2 0.8

Educational services

 155.2 156.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.2 0.8

Schools

 155.1 156.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.7 1.1 1.2 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools

 155.5 156.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.7 1.1 1.1 0.8

Health care and social assistance

 162.1 163.8 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.0

Hospitals

 158.5 160.2 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.1

Public administration

 160.2 162.1 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2021		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 157.1 158.6 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 156.2 157.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.6

Manufacturing

 156.0 157.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 157.3 159.0 0.8 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1

Education and health services

 151.6 153.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0

Educational services

 145.1 146.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 143.6 144.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.5 1.9 1.1 0.9 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 146.5 147.5 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 158.3 160.1 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.1

Hospitals

 158.3 160.2 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 160.8 162.8 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.2

Private industry workers

All workers

 159.5 161.1 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 153.9 155.8 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

Professional and related

 153.9 155.6 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1

Management, business, and financial

 154.2 156.1 1.0 1.7 0.4 1.0 1.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.3

Sales and office

 162.8 164.6 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.5 2.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1

Office and administrative support

 162.9 164.6 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 156.3 157.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 155.7 157.3 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 157.0 158.3 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.7 0.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 164.5 166.3 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.1

Production

 160.8 162.3 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.5 0.9

Transportation and material moving

 169.0 171.1 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2

Service occupations

 173.2 175.3 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 156.3 157.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.6

Construction

 156.3 156.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.8 0.4

Manufacturing

 156.0 157.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.9

Aircraft manufacturing

 157.5 159.2 0.7 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.4 1.1

Service-providing industries(4)

 160.3 162.1 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 163.1 165.3 1.3 1.6 2.1 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3

Wholesale trade

 152.4 154.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.8 0.5 1.1 0.7 1.6

Retail trade

 170.2 172.0 1.3 1.8 2.8 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0

Transportation and warehousing

 163.8 166.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.5

Utilities

 160.7 162.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.4

Information

 153.5 155.0 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.4 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.0

Financial activities

 155.7 157.8 -2.4 3.0 -1.1 0.7 1.8 0.9 1.6 -0.4 1.3

Finance and insurance

 156.2 158.3 -3.1 3.4 -1.8 0.5 1.8 1.0 1.6 -0.7 1.3

Credit intermediation and related activities

 157.1 156.0 2.3 7.5 -2.3 -0.9 1.7 -0.6 1.9 1.3 -0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities

 156.4 158.1 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

 154.3 156.2 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.9 2.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2

Professional and business services

 159.4 160.6 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.8

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 159.9 161.2 0.8 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.4 0.8

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 162.4 163.6 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.5 0.8

Education and health services

 157.3 159.1 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1

Educational services

 152.0 152.9 0.4 1.5 0.4 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 149.2 150.2 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 158.5 160.4 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2

Hospitals

 159.2 161.1 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 161.8 163.8 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.3

Leisure and hospitality

 175.3 177.2 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.1

Accommodation and food services

 178.9 181.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3

Other services, except public administration

 161.7 163.9 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.9 1.4

State and local government workers

All workers

 146.7 147.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.8

Industry

Education and health services

 144.9 146.0 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.8

Educational services

 143.7 144.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.7

Schools

 143.7 144.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 143.1 144.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 1.9 1.1 0.8 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 155.4 156.7 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.3 0.8

Hospitals

 154.0 155.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.4 0.9

Public administration

 149.6 151.1 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.7 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2021		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 158.3 159.8 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.9

Private industry workers

All workers

 152.3 153.7 0.4 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 150.3 151.9 0.4 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.1

Sales and office

 155.6 157.1 0.1 1.0 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 151.9 153.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 152.7 154.2 0.4 1.6 0.7 1.9 1.0 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.0

Service occupations

 154.3 155.3 0.5 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 145.2 146.5 0.5 1.4 0.6 1.8 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9

Manufacturing

 144.9 146.3 0.4 1.8 0.4 2.2 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0

Service-providing industries(3)

 154.6 156.2 0.2 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.0

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

 179.4 181.2 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

All workers(2)

 152.1 157.4 159.0 1.3 1.3 1.0 5.1 4.8 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

 151.8 157.3 158.9 1.1 1.4 1.0 5.0 4.8 4.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 148.4 153.4 155.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 4.3 4.4 4.4

Management, business, and financial

 150.1 154.0 155.9 1.4 1.2 1.2 4.7 4.1 3.9

Professional and related

 147.5 153.2 154.5 0.8 1.3 0.8 4.1 4.7 4.7

Sales and office

 155.7 161.3 163.0 2.0 1.4 1.1 6.1 5.6 4.7

Sales and related

 153.8 159.1 160.9 2.5 1.3 1.1 7.0 6.1 4.6

Office and administrative support

 156.5 162.3 163.9 1.5 1.4 1.0 5.4 5.3 4.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 150.6 155.2 156.8 1.2 1.2 1.0 4.3 4.3 4.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 150.3 154.6 156.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 4.0 3.9 3.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 151.0 156.0 157.6 1.5 1.5 1.0 4.6 4.8 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 155.4 160.6 162.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 5.6 4.6 4.4

Production

 151.8 157.1 158.7 1.3 1.4 1.0 5.5 4.8 4.5

Transportation and material moving

 160.5 165.8 167.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 5.9 4.5 4.3

Service occupations

 161.0 168.1 169.7 1.4 1.4 1.0 7.0 5.9 5.4

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

 148.2 152.5 154.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 4.7 4.3 4.0

Manufacturing

 148.0 152.3 153.7 1.2 1.3 0.9 5.1 4.2 3.9

Service-providing industries(5)

 152.8 158.3 159.9 1.3 1.3 1.0 5.2 4.9 4.6

Education and health services

 149.4 155.8 156.9 0.8 1.1 0.7 4.4 5.1 5.0

Educational services

 147.7 154.1 154.7 0.5 0.9 0.4 3.3 4.8 4.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 147.8 154.4 155.0 0.3 0.8 0.4 2.9 4.7 4.9

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 146.7 152.9 153.4 0.6 0.9 0.3 3.6 4.9 4.6

Health care and social assistance

 151.2 157.4 159.0 1.1 1.3 1.0 5.6 5.3 5.2

Hospitals

 151.6 158.0 159.4 1.1 1.5 0.9 5.3 5.3 5.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

 151.0 157.8 159.3 1.5 1.3 1.0 6.8 6.0 5.5

Public administration

 154.0 160.1 161.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 4.1 4.7 4.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

All workers

 152.4 157.4 159.2 1.5 1.4 1.1 5.5 4.8 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 152.1 157.3 159.0 1.3 1.5 1.1 5.4 4.8 4.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 148.5 152.9 154.7 1.3 1.4 1.2 4.8 4.3 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 147.4 152.1 153.8 1.1 1.5 1.1 4.7 4.3 4.3

Management, business, and financial

 150.2 153.8 155.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 4.8 4.0 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 148.4 152.7 154.6 1.1 1.5 1.2 4.7 4.0 4.2

Professional and related

 147.1 152.4 154.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 4.7 4.7 4.7

Sales and office

 155.8 161.3 163.1 2.1 1.4 1.1 6.3 5.7 4.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 156.9 163.0 164.8 1.6 1.7 1.1 6.0 5.6 5.0

Sales and related

 153.8 159.0 160.8 2.6 1.3 1.1 7.0 6.1 4.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 157.0 163.8 165.6 1.5 2.0 1.1 6.7 5.9 5.5

Office and administrative support

 156.3 161.9 163.7 1.6 1.4 1.1 5.5 5.3 4.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 150.4 154.8 156.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 4.3 4.3 4.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 150.1 154.1 155.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 4.0 3.8 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 150.8 155.6 157.3 1.5 1.5 1.1 4.6 4.8 4.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 155.2 160.3 161.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 5.7 4.5 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 154.9 160.1 161.7 1.2 1.4 1.0 5.7 4.6 4.4

Production

 151.8 157.1 158.7 1.3 1.4 1.0 5.6 4.8 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 152.4 157.5 159.1 1.3 1.4 1.0 5.8 4.7 4.4

Transportation and material moving

 160.3 165.5 167.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 5.9 4.4 4.2

Service occupations

 162.1 169.0 170.7 1.7 1.4 1.0 8.0 6.0 5.3

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

 148.2 152.5 154.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 4.7 4.3 4.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 148.1 152.3 153.8 1.2 1.3 1.0 4.7 4.0 3.8

Management, professional, and related

 143.2 146.4 147.8 0.8 1.5 1.0 4.0 3.0 3.2

Sales and office

 153.9 160.4 162.6 4.0 1.5 1.4 5.3 8.4 5.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 149.4 153.5 155.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 4.1 3.9 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 150.2 155.1 156.7 1.3 1.2 1.0 5.7 4.7 4.3

Construction

 149.0 153.3 155.1 2.0 1.3 1.2 4.0 4.9 4.1

Manufacturing

 148.0 152.3 153.7 1.2 1.3 0.9 5.1 4.2 3.9

Management, professional, and related

 144.6 147.6 148.9 0.8 1.4 0.9 4.3 2.9 3.0

Sales and office occupations

 151.1 156.8 158.5 1.5 1.2 1.1 5.3 5.4 4.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 147.5 151.9 153.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 4.2 4.3 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 149.9 154.9 156.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 5.7 4.7 4.4

Aircraft manufacturing

 141.8 133.6 134.6 0.6 1.8 0.7 13.0 -5.2 -5.1

Service-providing industries(4)

 153.7 158.8 160.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 5.8 5.0 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 153.3 158.8 160.6 1.4 1.5 1.1 5.7 5.0 4.8

Management, professional, and related

 149.4 154.1 155.9 1.4 1.4 1.2 4.9 4.5 4.4

Sales and office

 156.0 161.4 163.1 1.9 1.4 1.1 6.4 5.4 4.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 151.9 156.8 158.6 1.5 1.5 1.1 4.6 4.8 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 160.7 166.1 167.7 1.0 1.4 1.0 5.7 4.4 4.4

Service occupations

 162.1 169.0 170.7 1.7 1.4 1.0 8.0 6.0 5.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 157.6 162.2 164.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 6.3 4.4 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 157.2 162.7 164.7 1.3 1.6 1.2 5.9 4.8 4.8

Wholesale trade

 151.5 155.2 157.9 1.8 1.3 1.7 6.5 4.3 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 152.9 158.4 160.7 1.3 1.6 1.5 5.7 5.0 5.1

Retail trade

 161.7 167.4 169.3 1.8 1.6 1.1 7.6 5.4 4.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 159.7 166.0 167.9 1.7 2.0 1.1 7.3 5.7 5.1

Transportation and warehousing

 157.0 161.2 163.1 0.4 0.9 1.2 3.9 3.1 3.9

Utilities

 161.9 166.8 169.2 0.7 1.6 1.4 3.3 3.7 4.5

Information

 149.2 154.5 156.2 1.4 1.4 1.1 4.8 5.0 4.7

Financial activities

 152.5 155.1 157.9 2.7 0.8 1.8 5.2 4.4 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 152.1 156.9 158.6 1.9 1.9 1.1 5.7 5.1 4.3

Finance and insurance

 153.1 155.4 158.4 2.9 0.7 1.9 4.9 4.4 3.5

Credit intermediation and related activities

 154.3 156.3 158.4 3.9 1.4 1.3 6.3 5.3 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 155.1 161.1 162.4 2.0 2.2 0.8 5.9 6.0 4.7

Insurance carriers and related activities

 153.4 157.8 160.0 2.2 1.7 1.4 5.4 5.1 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 151.4 155.8 157.8 1.7 1.9 1.3 5.0 4.7 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

 149.9 153.9 155.6 2.0 1.3 1.1 6.6 4.8 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 154.0 158.1 160.0 2.0 1.3 1.2 6.3 4.7 3.9

Professional and business services

 152.4 157.9 159.2 1.5 1.7 0.8 5.4 5.1 4.5

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 153.5 158.9 160.2 1.6 1.8 0.8 5.2 5.2 4.4

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 152.7 158.2 159.5 1.5 1.7 0.8 6.3 5.2 4.5

Education and health services

 150.1 156.1 157.5 1.2 1.3 0.9 5.6 5.3 4.9

Educational services

 147.4 152.8 153.5 1.4 0.9 0.5 4.8 5.1 4.1

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 147.1 151.9 152.6 0.9 0.7 0.5 3.9 4.2 3.7

Health care and social assistance

 150.6 156.8 158.4 1.1 1.4 1.0 5.7 5.3 5.2

Hospitals

 151.5 157.8 159.4 1.1 1.5 1.0 5.5 5.3 5.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 149.9 156.6 158.1 1.6 1.4 1.0 7.1 6.1 5.5

Nursing care facilities(2)

 149.2 156.0 157.9 1.8 1.2 1.2 7.1 6.4 5.8

Leisure and hospitality

 162.4 169.3 171.1 1.6 1.8 1.1 7.8 5.9 5.4

Accommodation and food service

 166.1 173.0 175.2 1.7 1.9 1.3 8.1 5.9 5.5

Other services, except public administration

 154.1 159.7 161.6 1.0 2.2 1.2 5.3 4.7 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

Bargaining status

Union

 154.0 158.1 159.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 3.8 3.6 3.6

Goods-producing industries(2)

 148.9 150.6 152.1 0.9 0.4 1.0 4.1 2.1 2.1

Manufacturing

 143.5 144.4 145.6 0.8 0.3 0.8 5.4 1.5 1.5

Service-providing industries(3)

 157.9 163.4 164.9 0.9 1.3 0.9 3.6 4.4 4.4

Nonunion

 152.1 157.2 159.0 1.6 1.4 1.1 5.8 5.0 4.5

Goods-producing industries(2)

 147.9 152.7 154.4 1.5 1.5 1.1 4.9 4.8 4.4

Manufacturing

 149.2 154.1 155.7 1.3 1.5 1.0 5.1 4.6 4.4

Service-providing industries(3)

 153.2 158.3 160.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 5.9 5.0 4.5

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

 153.9 159.0 160.7 1.1 1.3 1.1 5.1 4.5 4.4

New England

 158.6 163.0 165.1 1.3 0.6 1.3 5.5 4.2 4.1

Middle Atlantic

 152.2 157.5 159.2 1.0 1.5 1.1 4.9 4.5 4.6

South

 150.5 155.1 157.1 2.0 1.4 1.3 5.8 5.2 4.4

South Atlantic

 152.2 158.1 160.2 1.9 1.5 1.3 5.3 5.8 5.3

East South Central

 149.8 154.8 156.6 1.1 1.6 1.2 6.4 4.5 4.5

West South Central

 147.8 150.2 152.2 2.6 1.3 1.3 6.4 4.3 3.0

Midwest

 149.9 154.6 156.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 5.7 4.5 4.3

East North Central

 148.1 153.2 155.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 5.7 4.7 4.7

West North Central

 154.5 157.9 159.8 1.7 1.1 1.2 6.0 3.9 3.4

West

 156.4 162.1 163.5 1.4 1.6 0.9 5.5 5.1 4.5

Mountain

 154.4 160.1 161.2 1.4 2.0 0.7 5.8 5.2 4.4

Pacific

 157.4 163.1 164.6 1.4 1.6 0.9 5.3 5.0 4.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

All workers

 150.7 157.3 158.1 0.5 1.0 0.5 3.4 4.9 4.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 148.2 154.6 155.2 0.3 0.8 0.4 3.0 4.7 4.7

Professional and related

 148.0 154.5 155.2 0.3 0.8 0.5 2.8 4.7 4.9

Sales and office

 154.3 160.8 161.9 0.7 1.1 0.7 3.6 4.9 4.9

Office and administrative support

 154.3 160.8 162.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 3.5 4.8 5.0

Service occupations

 157.6 165.1 166.3 0.9 1.1 0.7 4.7 5.7 5.5

Industry

Education and health services

 148.6 155.4 156.0 0.3 0.9 0.4 3.1 4.9 5.0

Educational services

 147.8 154.5 155.0 0.3 0.8 0.3 2.9 4.8 4.9

Schools

 147.8 154.5 155.0 0.3 0.8 0.3 3.0 4.9 4.9

Elementary and secondary schools

 148.2 154.8 155.4 0.3 0.8 0.4 2.8 4.7 4.9

Health care and social assistance

 154.9 162.1 163.0 0.8 1.1 0.6 4.3 5.5 5.2

Hospitals

 151.9 158.6 159.6 0.7 1.1 0.6 4.2 5.2 5.1

Public administration

 154.0 160.1 161.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 4.1 4.7 4.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

All workers(1)

 151.7 157.1 158.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 5.3 5.0 4.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 150.8 156.5 158.1 1.1 1.4 1.0 5.1 5.0 4.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 146.5 151.3 152.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 4.2 4.4 4.4

Management, business, and financial

 149.9 153.1 155.1 1.6 0.9 1.3 4.6 3.7 3.5

Professional and related

 144.6 150.4 151.7 0.8 1.3 0.9 4.0 4.8 4.9

Sales and office

 156.4 162.2 163.9 2.1 1.3 1.0 6.2 5.9 4.8

Sales and related

 156.8 162.1 163.9 2.9 1.2 1.1 7.1 6.4 4.5

Office and administrative support

 155.7 161.9 163.5 1.5 1.4 1.0 5.5 5.5 5.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 150.4 155.7 157.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 4.6 4.8 4.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 150.2 155.2 157.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 4.4 4.4 4.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 150.7 156.3 157.8 1.3 1.6 1.0 4.8 5.1 4.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 157.7 163.7 165.4 1.2 1.3 1.0 5.8 5.1 4.9

Production

 154.2 160.6 162.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 5.4 5.6 5.3

Transportation and material moving

 162.6 168.3 170.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 6.3 4.7 4.6

Service occupations

 161.8 169.2 170.9 1.6 1.4 1.0 7.9 6.3 5.6

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 150.7 155.9 157.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 4.7 5.1 4.6

Manufacturing

 150.7 156.0 157.5 1.3 1.4 1.0 4.9 4.9 4.5

Service-providing industries(4)

 151.8 157.3 158.9 1.3 1.2 1.0 5.3 4.9 4.7

Education and health services

 145.2 151.5 152.7 0.8 1.0 0.8 4.5 5.2 5.2

Educational services

 139.2 144.8 145.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 3.0 4.5 4.5

Elementary and secondary schools

 137.5 143.3 143.9 0.2 0.5 0.4 2.4 4.4 4.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

 140.8 146.3 146.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 3.4 4.5 4.2

Health care and social assistance

 151.6 158.4 160.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 5.9 5.7 5.6

Hospitals

 151.3 158.4 160.0 1.1 1.6 1.0 5.6 5.9 5.8

Nursing and residential care facilities

 153.2 160.9 162.6 1.5 1.4 1.1 7.4 6.6 6.1

Public administration

 143.8 149.7 150.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 4.6 4.9 4.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

All workers

 154.2 159.5 161.3 1.6 1.3 1.1 5.7 5.1 4.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 153.4 159.0 160.8 1.3 1.5 1.1 5.6 5.0 4.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 149.5 154.0 155.8 1.3 1.3 1.2 4.7 4.3 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 147.8 152.6 154.4 1.1 1.4 1.2 4.6 4.4 4.5

Management, business, and financial

 151.1 154.1 156.3 1.7 0.9 1.4 4.7 3.7 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 148.0 152.1 154.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 4.4 3.9 4.1

Professional and related

 148.3 154.0 155.6 1.0 1.7 1.0 4.7 4.9 4.9

Sales and office

 157.7 163.5 165.3 2.2 1.4 1.1 6.4 6.0 4.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 158.2 164.9 166.7 1.6 1.8 1.1 6.2 5.9 5.4

Sales and related

 156.9 162.3 164.1 2.8 1.2 1.1 7.1 6.4 4.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 159.3 166.8 168.5 1.5 2.1 1.0 6.7 6.2 5.8

Office and administrative support

 156.8 163.0 164.7 1.6 1.5 1.0 5.5 5.6 5.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 151.0 156.2 157.9 1.3 1.5 1.1 4.6 4.8 4.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 150.7 155.7 157.5 1.1 1.3 1.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 151.3 156.8 158.5 1.5 1.7 1.1 4.9 5.2 4.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 158.2 164.1 165.8 1.3 1.4 1.0 5.9 5.1 4.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 157.8 164.0 165.6 1.3 1.5 1.0 5.9 5.3 4.9

Production

 154.3 160.8 162.4 1.4 1.6 1.0 5.5 5.7 5.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 154.9 161.2 162.8 1.4 1.6 1.0 5.6 5.6 5.1

Transportation and material moving

 163.6 169.2 170.9 1.2 1.2 1.0 6.4 4.6 4.5

Service occupations

 165.9 173.4 175.3 1.8 1.6 1.1 8.5 6.4 5.7

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

 150.8 156.0 157.7 1.7 1.4 1.1 4.7 5.2 4.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 150.5 155.6 157.2 1.3 1.4 1.0 4.6 4.7 4.5

Management, professional, and related

 146.5 150.4 151.9 1.0 1.5 1.0 3.7 3.7 3.7

Sales and office

 158.4 165.8 168.2 5.2 1.6 1.4 5.5 10.2 6.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 150.5 155.4 157.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 4.4 4.5 4.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 153.1 159.1 160.7 1.5 1.3 1.0 5.7 5.5 5.0

Construction

 150.7 155.6 157.6 2.4 1.3 1.3 4.4 5.7 4.6

Manufacturing

 150.7 156.0 157.5 1.3 1.4 1.0 4.9 4.9 4.5

Management, professional, and related

 147.2 151.2 152.5 0.9 1.5 0.9 3.7 3.6 3.6

Sales and office

 153.5 159.9 161.8 1.9 1.2 1.2 5.5 6.1 5.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 150.7 156.6 157.9 1.4 1.6 0.8 4.0 5.4 4.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 153.0 159.1 160.7 1.6 1.3 1.0 5.8 5.6 5.0

Aircraft manufacturing

 154.5 158.2 159.7 0.7 1.5 0.9 2.5 3.1 3.4

Service-providing industries(3)

 155.1 160.4 162.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 5.9 5.0 4.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 154.2 159.9 161.7 1.3 1.5 1.1 5.8 5.1 4.9

Management, professional, and related

 150.0 154.5 156.5 1.4 1.2 1.3 4.8 4.4 4.3

Sales and office

 157.6 163.2 164.9 1.9 1.3 1.0 6.5 5.5 4.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 151.7 157.2 158.9 1.4 1.7 1.1 5.0 5.1 4.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 163.3 169.1 170.9 1.1 1.3 1.1 6.0 4.7 4.7

Service occupations

 165.9 173.4 175.3 1.8 1.6 1.1 8.5 6.4 5.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 158.5 163.2 165.5 1.6 1.2 1.4 6.6 4.6 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 157.5 163.4 165.4 1.4 1.6 1.2 6.1 5.1 5.0

Wholesale trade

 149.4 152.6 155.2 2.0 1.2 1.7 6.9 4.2 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 149.6 155.2 157.2 1.3 1.6 1.3 5.8 5.1 5.1

Retail trade

 164.4 170.2 172.3 1.9 1.4 1.2 7.8 5.5 4.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 161.8 168.3 170.4 1.8 1.9 1.2 7.4 5.8 5.3

Transportation and warehousing

 159.3 164.0 166.0 0.6 0.9 1.2 4.3 3.6 4.2

Utilities

 156.6 161.1 163.1 0.6 1.6 1.2 3.4 3.5 4.2

Information

 147.8 153.7 155.1 0.7 1.5 0.9 4.3 4.8 4.9

Financial activities

 153.9 155.7 159.1 2.7 0.3 2.2 4.6 3.9 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 151.3 156.4 158.2 1.4 1.9 1.2 5.4 4.8 4.6

Finance and insurance

 154.8 156.0 159.8 2.9 0.1 2.4 4.0 3.7 3.2

Credit intermediation and related activities

 154.8 155.2 157.8 4.2 0.8 1.7 6.1 4.4 1.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 153.2 159.4 160.8 1.5 2.0 0.9 5.4 5.6 5.0

Insurance carriers and related activities

 151.8 156.5 158.8 1.9 1.8 1.5 4.8 5.1 4.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 148.2 152.8 154.8 1.4 2.1 1.3 4.3 4.5 4.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

 150.0 154.5 156.3 1.9 1.5 1.2 7.1 5.0 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 154.7 159.3 161.2 1.8 1.4 1.2 6.8 4.9 4.2

Professional and business services

 153.9 159.5 160.6 1.5 1.6 0.7 5.4 5.2 4.4

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 154.7 159.9 161.1 1.6 1.5 0.8 5.2 5.0 4.1

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 156.5 162.5 163.8 1.6 1.7 0.8 6.8 5.5 4.7

Education and health services

 150.9 157.4 159.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 5.7 5.6 5.4

Educational services

 146.3 151.6 152.3 1.5 0.9 0.5 4.7 5.2 4.1

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 144.3 148.9 149.7 0.9 0.6 0.5 3.6 4.1 3.7

Health care and social assistance

 151.9 158.7 160.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 6.0 5.7 5.6

Hospitals

 152.2 159.3 161.0 1.2 1.7 1.1 5.8 5.9 5.8

Nursing and residential care facilities

 154.1 161.8 163.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 7.7 6.7 6.2

Nursing care facilities(1)

 152.9 160.9 163.0 1.8 1.3 1.3 7.4 7.1 6.6

Leisure and hospitality

 168.1 175.3 177.3 1.7 1.7 1.1 8.2 6.0 5.5

Accommodation and food service

 171.8 179.0 181.3 1.7 1.8 1.3 8.5 6.0 5.5

Other services, except public administration

 156.0 161.8 164.0 1.0 2.1 1.4 5.6 4.7 5.1

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

Bargaining status

Union

 150.8 156.1 157.8 0.7 1.1 1.1 3.4 4.2 4.6

Goods-producing industries(1)

 144.7 148.6 149.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 3.1 3.6 3.6

Manufacturing

 143.3 147.3 148.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 3.5 3.5 3.6

Service-providing industries(2)

 154.7 160.8 162.7 0.6 1.2 1.2 3.5 4.6 5.2

Nonunion

 154.6 159.8 161.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 6.0 5.1 4.6

Goods-producing industries(1)

 152.1 157.6 159.4 1.8 1.5 1.1 5.0 5.5 4.8

Manufacturing

 152.2 157.8 159.4 1.5 1.5 1.0 5.1 5.2 4.7

Service-providing industries(2)

 155.1 160.4 162.2 1.6 1.3 1.1 6.1 5.1 4.6

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

 154.7 159.8 161.6 1.0 1.1 1.1 5.1 4.4 4.5

New England

 161.6 165.6 168.1 1.4 0.1 1.5 5.4 3.9 4.0

Middle Atlantic

 152.2 157.6 159.2 0.9 1.4 1.0 5.0 4.5 4.6

South

 153.2 158.0 160.2 2.2 1.3 1.4 5.9 5.4 4.6

South Atlantic

 155.1 161.4 163.7 2.1 1.4 1.4 5.2 6.3 5.5

East South Central

 150.8 156.7 158.6 1.0 1.6 1.2 6.1 5.0 5.2

West South Central

 151.2 153.0 155.0 3.0 1.1 1.3 7.1 4.2 2.5

Midwest

 151.0 155.8 157.7 1.3 1.2 1.2 6.0 4.6 4.4

East North Central

 148.9 154.3 156.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 5.8 4.8 4.8

West North Central

 156.0 159.5 161.6 1.9 1.1 1.3 6.2 4.2 3.6

West

 158.6 165.1 166.4 1.5 1.7 0.8 5.6 5.6 4.9

Mountain

 157.0 163.2 164.4 1.6 1.9 0.7 6.4 5.6 4.7

Pacific

 159.4 166.0 167.5 1.4 1.6 0.9 5.2 5.6 5.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

All workers

 140.6 146.6 147.2 0.4 0.7 0.4 3.2 4.7 4.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 138.5 144.1 144.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.7 4.4 4.5

Professional and related

 138.2 144.0 144.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 2.6 4.5 4.6

Sales and office

 141.6 147.5 148.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 3.4 4.9 4.9

Office and administrative support

 142.0 148.0 149.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 3.3 5.0 5.0

Service occupations

 148.1 155.2 156.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 5.4 5.8 5.5

Industry

Education and health services

 138.8 144.7 145.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.7 4.6 4.6

Educational services

 137.7 143.4 143.9 0.3 0.4 0.3 2.5 4.4 4.5

Schools

 137.7 143.4 143.9 0.3 0.4 0.3 2.5 4.4 4.5

Elementary and secondary schools

 137.1 142.8 143.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 2.2 4.4 4.6

Health care and social assistance

 148.1 155.4 156.1 1.0 1.0 0.5 4.9 5.9 5.4

Hospitals

 147.1 154.0 154.8 1.0 1.0 0.5 4.8 5.7 5.2

Public administration

 143.8 149.7 150.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 4.6 4.9 4.7

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 153.2 158.3 159.7 1.1 1.5 0.9 4.8 4.5 4.2

Private industry workers

All workers

 148.2 152.4 154.0 1.4 1.5 1.0 5.3 4.3 3.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 146.0 150.5 152.2 1.2 1.8 1.1 5.0 4.4 4.2

Sales and office

 151.0 155.5 157.4 1.8 1.5 1.2 6.0 4.9 4.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 149.1 151.8 153.5 1.4 0.8 1.1 3.7 3.2 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 149.1 152.6 154.0 1.0 1.3 0.9 5.3 3.4 3.3

Service occupations

 149.6 154.5 155.5 1.6 1.2 0.6 6.2 4.9 3.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 143.0 145.4 146.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 4.8 2.5 2.7

Manufacturing

 142.8 145.1 146.6 0.8 1.1 1.0 5.4 2.4 2.7

Aircraft manufacturing

 127.8 107.2 107.8 0.4 2.1 0.6 29.5 -15.8 -15.6

Service-providing industries(3)

 150.0 154.8 156.5 1.5 1.6 1.1 5.3 4.7 4.3

Bargaining status

Union

 159.3 161.6 162.7 1.3 0.9 0.7 4.4 2.8 2.1

Nonunion

 145.9 150.4 152.1 1.4 1.6 1.1 5.3 4.5 4.2

State and local government workers

All workers

 171.6 179.5 180.5 0.4 1.5 0.6 3.6 5.0 5.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) Percent changes for 12-months ended-
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Jun.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

 5.8 3.9 3.8 5.8 4.0 4.2

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

 5.2 4.6 4.6 5.3 4.3 4.6

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

 4.0 5.7 5.8 3.9 6.5 6.6

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

 4.3 5.1 4.3 4.4 5.6 4.6

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

 5.4 5.2 4.1 5.9 5.1 4.3

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

 5.5 3.5 3.3 6.1 3.4 2.6

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

 6.3 6.1 5.8 6.8 6.0 5.5

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

 4.2 5.5 5.2 3.8 5.7 5.7

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

 5.3 3.8 4.1 5.1 3.5 4.2

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

 4.8 4.1 4.3 4.9 3.8 4.1

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

 5.6 4.0 4.0 5.8 4.3 4.1

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

 5.6 4.7 5.0 5.7 4.9 5.3

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

 5.5 4.6 3.9 6.5 5.2 4.3

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.4

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

 8.7 2.6 1.9 5.4 5.9 5.4

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: July 28, 2023