For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, December 8, 2015 USDL-15-2327
Technical information: (202) 691-5700 • ep-info@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/emp
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS -- 2014-24
Healthcare occupations and industries are expected to have the fastest employment growth
and to add the most jobs between 2014 and 2024, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. With the increase in the proportion of the population in older age
groups, more people in the labor force will be entering prime retirement age. As a result,
the labor force participation rate is projected to decrease and labor force growth to
slow. This slowdown of labor force growth is expected, in turn, to lead to Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) growth of 2.2 percent annually over the decade. This economic growth is
projected to generate 9.8 million new jobs--a 6.5-percent increase between 2014 and 2024.
The projections are predicated on assumptions including a 5.2 percent unemployment rate
in 2024 and labor productivity growth of 1.8 percent annually over the projected period.
Highlights of the BLS projections for the labor force and macroeconomy, industry
employment, and occupational employment are included below.
Labor Force and the Macroeconomy
--The civilian labor force is projected to reach 163.8 million in 2024, growing at
an annual rate of 0.5 percent. (See table 1.)
--The labor force continues to age. The median age of the labor force was 37.7 in
1994, 40.3 in 2004, 41.9 in 2014, and is projected to be 42.4 in 2024. At the
same time, the overall labor force participation rate is projected to decrease
from 62.9 percent in 2014 to 60.9 percent in 2024.
--The labor force participation rate for youth (ages 16 to 24) is projected to
decrease from 55.0 percent in 2014 to 49.7 percent in 2024. The youth age
group is projected to make up 11.3 percent of the civilian labor force in
2024 as compared with 13.7 percent in 2014. In contrast, the labor force
participation rate for the 65-and-older age group is projected to increase
from 18.6 percent in 2014 to 21.7 percent in 2024. This older age group is
projected to represent 8.2 percent of the civilian labor force in 2024 as
compared with 5.4 percent in 2014.
--Labor force diversity is projected to increase, with white non-Hispanics making
up 59.6 percent of the civilian labor force in 2024, compared with 64.6 percent
in 2014.
--Real GDP (2009 chained dollars) is projected to grow at an annual rate of 2.2
percent, from $16.1 trillion in 2014 to $19.9 trillion in 2024.
--Within GDP, medical services will continue to grow as a share of nominal
personal consumption expenditures. This category is projected to account for
18.0 percent of consumption in 2024--higher than its 16.7-percent share in
2014 and 15.0-percent share in 2004.
Industry Employment
--Service-providing sectors are projected to capture 94.6 percent of all the
jobs added between 2014 and 2024. Of these 9.3 million new service sector
jobs, 3.8 million will be added to the healthcare and social assistance
major sector.
--The healthcare and social assistance major sector is expected to become the
largest employing major sector during the projections decade, overtaking the
state and local government major sector and the professional and business
services major sector. Healthcare and social assistance is projected to
increase its employment share from 12.0 percent in 2014 to 13.6 percent
in 2024.
--Construction is projected to add 790,400 jobs by 2024. Even with these
additional jobs, employment in the construction major sector is not
projected to return to the 2006 peak.
--Manufacturing employment, between 2014 and 2024, is projected to decline at
a 0.7 percent rate annually, a more moderate decline than the 1.6 percent
rate experienced in the prior decade.
Occupational Employment
--Healthcare support occupations and healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations are projected to be the two fastest growing occupational
groups during the 2014 to 2024 projections decade. These groups are
projected to contribute the most new jobs, with a combined increase of
2.3 million in employment, representing about 1 in 4 new jobs.
--Of the 819 detailed occupations, employment in 602 occupations is projected
to grow, while employment in 217 occupations is projected to decline.
--Two major groups are projected to have declining employment. Together,
production occupations and farming, fishing, and forestry occupations are
projected to shed 339,300 jobs during the projections decade.
--For 11 of the 15 fastest growing occupations, some level of postsecondary
education is typically required for entry. (See table 5.)
Table 1. Civilian labor force, by age, gender, race, and ethnicity, 1994, 2004, 2014, and projected 2024
(Numbers in thousands)
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| | | | | Annual growth
| Level | Change | Percent change | Percent distribution | rate (percent)
Group |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | 1994- | | | 1994-| | | | | | | 1994-| |
| 1994 | 2004 | 2014 | 2024 | 2004 |2004-14|2014-24| 2004 |2004-14|2014-24| 1994 | 2004 | 2014 | 2024 | 2004 |2004-14|2014-24
-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total, 16 years and older|131,056 |147,401 |155,922 |163,770 |16,345 | 8,521 | 7,848 | 12.5 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Age, years: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
16 to 24 | 21,612 | 22,268 | 21,295 | 18,498 | 656 | -973 |-2,797 | 3.0 | -4.4 | -13.1 | 16.5 | 15.1 | 13.7 | 11.3 | 0.3 | -0.4 | -1.4
25 to 54 | 93,898 |102,122 |100,767 |104,697 | 8,224 |-1,355 | 3,930 | 8.8 | -1.3 | 3.9 | 71.6 | 69.3 | 64.6 | 63.9 | 0.8 | -0.1 | 0.4
55 and older | 15,547 | 23,011 | 33,860 | 40,575 | 7,464 |10,849 | 6,715 | 48.0 | 47.1 | 19.8 | 11.9 | 15.6 | 21.7 | 24.8 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 1.8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gender: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Men | 70,817 | 78,980 | 82,882 | 86,524 | 8,163 | 3,902 | 3,642 | 11.5 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 54.0 | 53.6 | 53.2 | 52.8 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.4
Women | 60,239 | 68,421 | 73,039 | 77,246 | 8,182 | 4,618 | 4,207 | 13.6 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 46.0 | 46.4 | 46.8 | 47.2 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Race: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
White |111,082 |121,086 |123,327 |126,143 |10,004 | 2,241 | 2,816 | 9.0 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 84.8 | 82.1 | 79.1 | 77.0 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.2
Black | 14,502 | 16,638 | 18,873 | 20,772 | 2,136 | 2,235 | 1,899 | 14.7 | 13.4 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.0
Asian | 5,473 | 6,271 | 8,760 | 10,792 | 798 | 2,489 | 2,032 | 14.6 | 39.7 | 23.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 1.4 | 3.4 | 2.1
All other groups(1) | _ | 3,406 | 4,961 | 6,063 | _ | 1,555 | 1,102 | _ | 45.7 | 22.2 | _ | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.7 | _ | 3.8 | 2.0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ethnicity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hispanic origin | 11,975 | 19,272 | 25,370 | 32,486 | 7,297 | 6,098 | 7,116 | 60.9 | 31.6 | 28.0 | 9.1 | 13.1 | 16.3 | 19.8 | 4.9 | 2.8 | 2.5
Other than Hispanic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
origin |119,081 |128,129 |130,552 |131,284 | 9,048 | 2,423 | 732 | 7.6 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 90.9 | 86.9 | 83.7 | 80.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.1
White non-Hispanic |100,462 |103,202 |100,661 | 97,622 | 2,740 |-2,541 |-3,039 | 2.7 | -2.5 | -3.0 | 76.7 | 70.0 | 64.6 | 59.6 | 0.3 | -0.2 | -0.3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Age of baby boomers |30 to 48|40 to 58|50 to 68|60 to 78| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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1 The "all other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of multiple racial origin and (2) the racial categories of American Indian and
Alaska Native; and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders.
Note: Dash indicates no data collected for category. Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Employment by major industry sector
(Numbers in thousands)
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| | | | Compound annual
| Employment | Change | Percent distribution | rate of change
Industry sector |----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|----------------
| | | | | | | | | |
| 2004 | 2014 | 2024 | 2004-14| 2014-24| 2004 | 2014 | 2024 |2004-14|2014-24
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | | | |
Total(1) |144,047.0 |150,539.9 |160,328.8 | 6,492.9 | 9,788.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.4 | 0.6
| | | | | | | | | |
Nonagriculture wage and salary(2) |132,462.2 |139,811.5 |149,131.6 | 7,349.3 | 9,320.1 | 92.0 | 92.9 | 93.0 | 0.5 | 0.6
| | | | | | | | | |
Goods-producing, excluding agriculture | 21,815.3 | 19,170.5 | 19,227.0 |-2,644.8 | 56.5 | 15.1 | 12.7 | 12.0 | -1.3 | 0.0
Mining | 523.2 | 843.8 | 924.0 | 320.6 | 80.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 4.9 | 0.9
Construction | 6,976.2 | 6,138.4 | 6,928.8 | -837.8 | 790.4 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 4.3 | -1.3 | 1.2
Manufacturing | 14,315.9 | 12,188.3 | 11,374.2 |-2,127.6 | -814.1 | 9.9 | 8.1 | 7.1 | -1.6 | -0.7
| | | | | | | | | |
Services-providing |110,646.9 |120,641.0 |129,904.6 | 9,994.1 | 9,263.6 | 76.8 | 80.1 | 81.0 | 0.9 | 0.7
Utilities | 563.8 | 553.0 | 505.1 | -10.8 | -47.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | -0.2 | -0.9
Wholesale trade | 5,663.0 | 5,826.0 | 6,151.4 | 163.0 | 325.4 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 0.5
Retail trade | 15,058.2 | 15,364.5 | 16,129.1 | 306.3 | 764.6 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 0.2 | 0.5
Transportation and warehousing | 4,248.6 | 4,640.3 | 4,776.9 | 391.7 | 136.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 0.3
Information | 3,118.3 | 2,739.7 | 2,712.6 | -378.6 | -27.1 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.7 | -1.3 | -0.1
Financial activities | 8,105.1 | 7,979.5 | 8,486.7 | -125.6 | 507.2 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.3 | -0.2 | 0.6
Professional and business services | 16,394.9 | 19,096.2 | 20,985.5 | 2,701.3 | 1,889.3 | 11.4 | 12.7 | 13.1 | 1.5 | 0.9
Educational services; private | 2,762.5 | 3,417.4 | 3,756.1 | 654.9 | 338.7 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 0.9
Health care and social assistance | 14,429.8 | 18,057.4 | 21,852.2 | 3,627.6 | 3,794.8 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 13.6 | 2.3 | 1.9
Leisure and hospitality | 12,493.1 | 14,710.0 | 15,651.2 | 2,216.9 | 941.2 | 8.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 1.6 | 0.6
Other services | 6,188.3 | 6,394.0 | 6,662.0 | 205.7 | 268.0 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 0.4
Federal government | 2,730.0 | 2,729.0 | 2,345.6 | -1.0 | -383.4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.0 | -1.5
State and local government | 18,891.3 | 19,134.0 | 19,890.1 | 242.7 | 756.1 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 0.1 | 0.4
| | | | | | | | | |
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting(3) | 2,111.3 | 2,138.3 | 2,027.7 | 26.9 | -110.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | -0.5
Agricultural wage and salary | 1,149.0 | 1,384.0 | 1,307.3 | 235.0 | -76.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.9 | -0.6
Agricultural self-employed workers | 962.3 | 754.3 | 720.4 | -208.1 | -33.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | -2.4 | -0.5
| | | | | | | | | |
Nonagricultural self-employed workers | 9,473.6 | 8,590.2 | 9,169.5 | -883.4 | 579.3 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | -1.0 | 0.7
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1 Employment data for wage and salary workers are from the BLS Current Employment Statistics survey, which counts jobs, whereas
self-employed, and agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting are from the Current Population Survey (household survey), which counts workers.
2 Includes wage and salary data from the Current Employment Statistics survey, except private households, which is from the Current
Population Survey. Logging workers are excluded.
3 Includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting data from the Current Population Survey, except logging, which is from the Current
Employment Statistics survey. Government wage and salary workers are excluded.
Table 3. Industries with the largest wage and salary employment growth and declines
(Numbers in thousands)
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| | | | Compound annual
| | Employment | Change | rate of change
Industry | Major sector |---------------------|------------|----------------
| | 2014 | 2024 | 2014-24 | 2014-24
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Largest Growth
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Construction |Construction | 6,138.4 | 6,928.8 | 790.4 | 1.2
Home health care services |Health care and social assistance | 1,262.2 | 2,022.6 | 760.4 | 4.8
Nursing and residential care facilities |Health care and social assistance | 3,261.0 | 3,996.7 | 735.7 | 2.1
Food services and drinking places |Leisure and hospitality | 10,717.0 | 11,375.0 | 658.0 | 0.6
Offices of physicians |Health care and social assistance | 2,470.2 | 2,992.9 | 522.7 | 1.9
Local government educational services compensation |State and local government | 7,791.2 | 8,217.6 | 426.4 | 0.5
Employment services |Professional and business services | 3,421.0 | 3,845.8 | 424.8 | 1.2
Computer systems design and related services |Professional and business services | 1,777.7 | 2,186.6 | 408.9 | 2.1
Hospitals; private |Health care and social assistance | 4,784.3 | 5,179.2 | 394.9 | 0.8
Offices of other health practitioners |Health care and social assistance | 784.2 | 1,136.5 | 352.3 | 3.8
Outpatient care centers |Health care and social assistance | 711.1 | 1,059.2 | 348.1 | 4.1
Management, scientific, and technical consulting | | | | |
services |Professional and business services | 1,244.4 | 1,573.7 | 329.3 | 2.4
Wholesale trade |Wholesale trade | 5,826.0 | 6,151.4 | 325.4 | 0.5
Individual and family services |Health care and social assistance | 2,032.5 | 2,318.8 | 286.3 | 1.3
General Merchandise stores |Retail trade | 3,113.6 | 3,376.8 | 263.2 | 0.8
Retail, except motor vehicle and parts dealers, | | | | |
food and beverage stores, and general | | | | |
merchandise stores |Retail trade | 7,395.6 | 7,646.6 | 251.0 | 0.3
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and | | | | |
professional schools; private |Educational services; private | 1,777.2 | 1,997.2 | 220.0 | 1.2
Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial| | | | |
investments and related activities |Financial activities | 877.6 | 1,074.2 | 196.6 | 2.0
Offices of dentists |Health care and social assistance | 891.1 | 1,050.9 | 159.8 | 1.7
Motor vehicle and parts dealers |Retail trade | 1,861.3 | 2,017.2 | 155.9 | 0.8
| | | | |
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Largest Declines
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Postal Service |Federal government | 593.0 | 427.9 | -165.1 | -3.2
Federal non-defense government compensation |Federal government | 1,514.8 | 1,404.3 | -110.5 | -0.8
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory | | | | |
publishers |Information | 412.3 | 309.0 | -103.3 | -2.8
Wired telecommunications carriers |Information | 607.0 | 509.2 | -97.8 | -1.7
Federal defense government compensation |Federal government | 522.2 | 440.0 | -82.2 | -1.7
Printing and related support activities |Manufacturing | 452.7 | 371.3 | -81.4 | -2.0
Apparel, leather, and allied manufacturing |Manufacturing | 168.5 | 91.7 | -76.8 | -5.9
Crop production |Agriculture | 765.6 | 699.9 | -65.7 | -0.9
Plastics product manufacturing |Manufacturing | 541.6 | 478.5 | -63.1 | -1.2
Textile mills and textile product mills |Manufacturing | 232.1 | 174.2 | -57.9 | -2.8
Other miscellaneous manufacturing |Manufacturing | 275.2 | 219.3 | -55.9 | -2.2
Electric power generation, transmission and | | | | |
distribution |Utilities | 392.1 | 351.3 | -40.8 | -1.1
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control| | | | |
instruments manufacturing |Manufacturing | 388.3 | 353.1 | -35.2 | -0.9
Semiconductor and other electronic component | | | | |
manufacturing |Manufacturing | 367.8 | 332.7 | -35.1 | -1.0
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing |Manufacturing | 162.8 | 135.5 | -27.3 | -1.8
Travel arrangement and reservation services |Professional business services | 195.7 | 168.9 | -26.8 | -1.5
Aerospace product and parts manufacturing |Manufacturing | 488.4 | 464.1 | -24.3 | -0.5
Communications equipment manufacturing |Manufacturing | 93.5 | 69.5 | -24.0 | -2.9
Motor vehicle parts manufacturing |Manufacturing | 536.6 | 514.0 | -22.6 | -0.4
Federal enterprises except the Postal Service and | | | | |
electric utilities |Federal government | 81.1 | 58.9 | -22.2 | -3.1
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Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Employment by major occupational group, 2014 and projected 2024
(Numbers in thousands)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Employment | Change, 2014-24 | Median annual
Major Occupation Group |-------------------------------------------| wage, 2014
| 2014 | 2024 | Number | Percent|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total, all occupations | 150,539.9 | 160,328.8 | 9,788.9 | 6.5 | $35,540
Management occupations | 9,157.5 | 9,662.9 | 505.4 | 5.5 | 97,230
Business and financial operations occupations | 7,565.3 | 8,197.8 | 632.4 | 8.4 | 64,790
Computer and mathematical occupations | 4,068.3 | 4,599.7 | 531.4 | 13.1 | 79,420
Architecture and engineering occupations | 2,532.7 | 2,599.9 | 67.2 | 2.7 | 75,780
Life, physical, and social science occupations | 1,310.4 | 1,408.0 | 97.6 | 7.4 | 61,450
Community and social service occupations | 2,465.7 | 2,723.4 | 257.7 | 10.5 | 41,290
Legal occupations | 1,268.2 | 1,332.8 | 64.6 | 5.1 | 76,860
Education, training, and library occupations | 9,216.1 | 9,913.7 | 697.6 | 7.6 | 46,660
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media | | | | |
occupations | 2,624.2 | 2,731.7 | 107.5 | 4.1 | 45,180
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations| 8,236.5 | 9,584.6 | 1,348.1 | 16.4 | 61,710
Healthcare support occupations | 4,238.0 | 5,212.2 | 974.2 | 23.0 | 26,440
Protective service occupations | 3,443.8 | 3,597.7 | 153.9 | 4.5 | 37,180
Food preparation and serving related occupations | 12,467.6 | 13,280.4 | 812.9 | 6.5 | 19,130
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance | | | | |
occupations | 5,617.2 | 5,967.0 | 349.8 | 6.2 | 23,270
Personal care and service occupations | 6,006.1 | 6,798.2 | 792.1 | 13.2 | 21,260
Sales and related occupations | 15,423.1 | 16,201.1 | 778.0 | 5.0 | 25,360
Office and administrative support occupations | 22,766.1 | 23,232.6 | 466.5 | 2.0 | 32,520
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations | 972.1 | 914.9 | -57.2 | -5.9 | 20,250
Construction and extraction occupations | 6,501.7 | 7,160.7 | 659.0 | 10.1 | 41,380
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations | 5,680.5 | 6,046.0 | 365.5 | 6.4 | 42,110
Production occupations | 9,230.3 | 8,948.3 | -282.1 | -3.1 | 31,720
Transportation and material moving occupations | 9,748.5 | 10,215.3 | 466.8 | 4.8 | 29,530
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Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Fastest growing occupations, 2014-24
(Numbers in thousands)
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| Employment | Change, 2014-24 | |
Occupation | ------------------------------------------| Median annual| Typical education needed for entry
| 2014 | 2024 | Number | Percent| wage, 2014 |
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Total, all occupations | 150,539.9 | 160,328.8 | 9,788.9 | 6.5 | $35,540 | —
Wind turbine service technicians | 4.4 | 9.2 | 4.8 | 108.0 | 48,800 | Some college, no degree
Occupational therapy assistants | 33.0 | 47.1 | 14.1 | 42.7 | 56,950 | Associate's degree
Physical therapist assistants | 78.7 | 110.7 | 31.9 | 40.6 | 54,410 | Associate's degree
Physical therapist aides | 50.0 | 69.5 | 19.5 | 39.0 | 24,650 | High school diploma or equivalent
Home health aides | 913.5 | 1,261.9 | 348.4 | 38.1 | 21,380 | No formal educational credential
Commercial divers | 4.4 | 6.0 | 1.6 | 36.9 | 45,890 | Postsecondary nondegree award
Nurse practitioners | 126.9 | 171.7 | 44.7 | 35.2 | 95,350 | Master's degree
Physical therapists | 210.9 | 282.7 | 71.8 | 34.0 | 82,390 | Doctoral or professional degree
Statisticians | 30.0 | 40.1 | 10.1 | 33.8 | 79,990 | Master's degree
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except | | | | | |
emergency medical technicians | 19.6 | 26.1 | 6.5 | 33.0 | 24,080 | High school diploma or equivalent
Occupational therapy aides | 8.8 | 11.6 | 2.7 | 30.6 | 26,550 | High school diploma or equivalent
Physician assistants | 94.4 | 123.2 | 28.7 | 30.4 | 95,820 | Master's degree
Operations research analysts | 91.3 | 118.9 | 27.6 | 30.2 | 76,660 | Bachelor's degree
Personal financial advisors | 249.4 | 323.2 | 73.9 | 29.6 | 81,060 | Bachelor's degree
Cartographers and photogrammetrists | 12.3 | 15.9 | 3.6 | 29.3 | 60,930 | Bachelor's degree
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Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Occupations with the most job growth, 2014-24
(Numbers in thousands)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Employment | Change, 2014-24 | |
Occupation |--------------------------------------------| Median annual| Typical education needed for entry
| 2014 | 2024 | Number | Percent | wage, 2014 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total, all occupations | 150,539.9 | 160,328.8 | 9,788.9 | 6.5 | $35,540 | —
Personal care aides | 1,768.4 | 2,226.5 | 458.1 | 25.9 | 20,440 | No formal educational credential
Registered nurses | 2,751.0 | 3,190.3 | 439.3 | 16.0 | 66,640 | Bachelor's degree
Home health aides | 913.5 | 1,261.9 | 348.4 | 38.1 | 21,380 | No formal educational credential
Combined food preparation and serving workers, | | | | | |
including fast food | 3,159.7 | 3,503.2 | 343.5 | 10.9 | 18,410 | No formal educational credential
Retail salespersons | 4,624.9 | 4,939.1 | 314.2 | 6.8 | 21,390 | No formal educational credential
Nursing assistants | 1,492.1 | 1,754.1 | 262.0 | 17.6 | 25,100 | Postsecondary nondegree award
Customer service representatives | 2,581.8 | 2,834.8 | 252.9 | 9.8 | 31,200 | High school diploma or equivalent
Cooks, restaurant | 1,109.7 | 1,268.7 | 158.9 | 14.3 | 22,490 | No formal educational credential
General and operations managers | 2,124.1 | 2,275.2 | 151.1 | 7.1 | 97,270 | Bachelor's degree
Construction laborers | 1,159.1 | 1,306.5 | 147.4 | 12.7 | 31,090 | No formal educational credential
Accountants and auditors | 1,332.7 | 1,475.1 | 142.4 | 10.7 | 65,940 | Bachelor's degree
Medical assistants | 591.3 | 730.2 | 138.9 | 23.5 | 29,960 | Postsecondary nondegree award
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and | | | | | |
housekeeping cleaners | 2,360.6 | 2,496.9 | 136.3 | 5.8 | 22,840 | No formal educational credential
Software developers, applications | 718.4 | 853.7 | 135.3 | 18.8 | 95,510 | Bachelor's degree
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, | | | | | |
hand | 2,441.3 | 2,566.4 | 125.1 | 5.1 | 24,430 | No formal educational credential
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Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
