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For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Thursday, December 19, 2013 USDL-13-2393 Technical information: (202) 691-5700 * ep-info@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/emp Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS -- 2012-2022 Occupations and industries related to healthcare are projected to add the most new jobs between 2012 and 2022, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported today. Total employment is projected to increase 10.8 percent, or 15.6 million, during the decade. In addition to projecting employment for each detailed occupation, BLS depicts the education, related work experience, and on-the-job training typically needed for occupations. Occupations that typically require postsecondary education for entry are expected, on average, to grow faster than occupations that require a high school diploma or less. This news release focuses on several areas of projections data: labor force and the aggregate economy, industry employment, occupation employment, education and training, and replacement needs. Labor force and the aggregate economy Projections of the labor force and the aggregate economy serve as the basis for employment projections. Slower projected growth in the civilian noninstitutional population and declining labor force participation rates limit growth in the labor force, which in turn limits economic growth. --The labor force is projected to grow 0.5 percent per year from 2012 to 2022, compared with an annual growth rate of 0.7 percent during the 2002-12 decade. Due to the aging baby-boom generation, workers ages 55 and older are expected to make up over one-quarter of the labor force in 2022. (See table 1.) --Projected declines in the labor force participation rates for both men and women are expected to slow labor force growth. The overall labor force participation rate is projected to decline from 63.7 percent in 2012 to 61.6 percent in 2022, continuing the trend from the past decade. (See table 2.) --Slower labor force growth is expected to limit potential economic growth. Gross domestic product (GDP) is projected to increase by 2.6 percent annually from 2012 to 2022, slower than the 3 percent or higher rate often posted from the mid-1990s through mid-2000s. Industry employment BLS analyzes future demand for different types of goods and services, and then projects the employment necessary to produce them. Most of the 10.8 percent employment growth is projected to be in service- providing industries. --The health care and social assistance sector is projected to grow at an annual rate of 2.6 percent, adding 5.0 million jobs between 2012 and 2022. This accounts for nearly one-third of the total projected increase in jobs. The growth reflects, in part, the demand for healthcare workers to address the needs of an aging population. (See table 3.) --Employment in the construction sector is projected to grow 2.6 percent annually. This equates to 1.6 million new jobs over the 2012-22 decade, the most among goods-producing sectors and third most among all major industry sectors. (See table 3.) Despite expected fast growth, construction sector employment in 2022 is projected to be below the peak level (7.7 million; 2006). --Five industry sectors are projected to have decreases in employment: manufacturing (-549,500); federal government (-407,500); agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting (-223,500); information (-65,200); and utilities (-56,400). (See table 3.) Occupation employment Projected industry employment is distributed among occupations based on how industries are expected to use those occupations. --Of the 30 occupations projected to have the largest percentage increase between 2012 and 2022, 14 are related to healthcare and 5 are related to construction. (See table 4.) --The 30 occupations with the largest projected increase in employ- ment from 2012 to 2022 will account for 7.4 million new jobs, almost half of the total projected employment growth. (See table 5.) --Four major occupational groups are projected to grow more than 20 percent--nearly double the overall growth--from 2012 to 2022: health- care support occupations (28.1 percent), healthcare practitioners and technical occupations (21.5 percent), construction and extraction occupations (21.4 percent), and personal care and service occupations (20.9 percent). (See table 6.) --Every major occupational group except farming, fishing, and forestry occupations is projected to gain jobs between 2012 and 2022. (See table 6.) Education and training In addition to projecting employment for each detailed occupation, BLS depicts the education, related work experience, and on-the-job training typically needed for occupations. --Nineteen of the 30 occupations projected to grow fastest from 2012 to 2022 typically require some form of postsecondary education for entry. (See table 4.) --Two-thirds of the 30 occupations with the largest projected employment increase from 2012 to 2022 typically do not require postsecondary education for entry. (See table 5.) --Occupations typically requiring postsecondary education for entry generally had higher median wages ($57,770) in 2012 and are projected to grow faster (14.0 percent) between 2012 and 2022 than occupations that typically require a high school diploma or less ($27,670 and 9.1 percent). (See table 7.) --Occupations that do not typically require postsecondary education are projected to add 8.8 million jobs between 2012 and 2022, accounting for more than half of all new jobs. These occupations employed nearly two-thirds of workers in 2012. (See table 7.) --Occupations that typically require an apprenticeship are projected to grow 22.2 percent from 2012 to 2022, faster than any other on-the- job training assignment. (See table 7.) Replacement needs Employment growth is not the only source of job openings. BLS also projects job openings resulting from the need to replace workers who retire or otherwise permanently leave an occupation. Job openings due to replacement needs are expected in every occupation, even in those projected to decline in employment. --Over the 2012-22 decade, 50.6 million total job openings are expected. While growth will lead to many openings, more than two- thirds--67.2 percent--are projected to come from replacement needs. --In more than 4 out of 5 occupations, openings from replacement needs are projected to exceed openings from growth. --Nearly two-thirds of all job openings are expected to be in occupations that typically do not require postsecondary education for entry. (See table 7.) --Twenty-two of the 30 occupations with the largest number of projected job openings are classified as not typically requiring postsecondary education. (See table 8.) More information The BLS projections are used by high school students and their teachers and parents, college students, career changers, and career development and guidance specialists. The projections are the foundation of the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, one of the nation's most widely used career information resources. The projections are also used by state workforce agencies to prepare state and area projections that, together with the national projections, are widely used by policymakers and education and training officials to make decisions about education and training policy, funding, and program offerings. In addition, other federal agencies, researchers, and academics use the projections to understand trends in the economy and labor market. New projections are released every 2 years. More detailed information on the 2012-22 projections appears in five articles in the Monthly Labor Review. Links to these articles are available at www.bls.gov/emp/publications.htm. Tables with projections data, including but not limited to what was highlighted in this release, are available online at www.bls.gov/emp/tables.htm. Detailed information about the projections methods is available at www.bls.gov/emp/ep_projections_methods.htm. More information about the education and training system is available at www.bls.gov/emp/ep_education_training_system.htm. A graphic representation of projections highlights appears in the Winter 2013-14 issue of the Occupational Outlook Quarterly, available online at www.bls.gov/ooq. The 2014-15 edition of the Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) will feature the 2012-22 projections. The OOH includes information about work activities, wages, education and training requirements, the job outlook, and more for 580 detailed occupations in 334 profiles. The updated OOH will be available online on January 8, 2014, at www.bls.gov/ooh. Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Services: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Civilian labor force by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 1992, 2002, 2012, and projected 2022 (In thousands] Group Level Change Percent change Percent distribution Annual growth rate (percent) 1992 2002 2012 2022 1992- 2002- 2012- 1992- 2002- 2012- 1992 2002 2012 2022 1992- 2002- 2012- 2002 2012 2022 2002 2012 2022 2002 2012 2022 Total, 16 years and older 128,105 144,863 154,975 163,450 16,758 10,112 8,475 13.1 7.0 5.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.2 0.7 0.5 Age, years: 16 to 24................. 21,617 22,366 21,285 18,462 749 -1,081 -2,823 3.5 -4.8 -13.3 16.9 15.4 13.7 11.3 0.3 -0.5 -1.4 25 to 54................. 91,429 101,720 101,253 103,195 10,292 -467 1,942 11.3 -0.5 1.9 71.4 70.2 65.3 63.1 1.1 -0.0 0.2 55 and older............. 15,060 20,777 32,437 41,793 5,717 11,660 9,356 38.0 56.1 28.8 11.8 14.3 20.9 25.6 3.3 4.6 2.6 Sex: Men...................... 69,964 77,500 82,327 86,913 7,536 4,827 4,586 10.8 6.2 5.6 54.6 53.5 53.1 53.2 1.0 0.6 0.5 Women.................... 58,141 67,364 72,648 76,537 9,223 5,284 3,889 15.9 7.8 5.4 45.4 46.5 46.9 46.8 1.5 0.8 0.5 Race: White..................... 108,837 120,150 123,684 126,923 11,313 3,534 3,239 10.4 2.9 2.6 85.0 82.9 79.8 77.7 1.0 0.3 0.3 Black..................... 14,162 16,565 18,400 20,247 2,403 1,835 1,847 17.0 11.1 10.0 11.1 11.4 11.9 12.4 1.6 1.1 1.0 Asian..................... 5,106 6,604 8,188 10,135 1,498 1,584 1,947 29.3 24.0 23.8 4.0 4.6 5.3 6.2 2.6 2.2 2.2 All other groups (1)...... - 1,544 4,703 6,145 - 3,159 1,442 - 204.6 30.7 - 1.1 3.0 3.8 - 11.8 2.7 Ethnicity: Hispanic origin........... 11,338 17,943 24,391 31,179 6,605 6,448 6,788 58.3 35.9 27.8 8.9 12.4 15.7 19.1 4.7 3.1 2.5 Other than Hispanic origin 116,767 126,920 130,584 132,271 10,153 3,664 1,687 8.7 2.9 1.3 91.1 87.6 84.3 80.9 0.8 0.3 0.1 White non-Hispanic........ 98,724 103,349 101,892 99,431 4,625 -1,457 -2,461 4.7 -1.4 -2.4 77.1 71.3 65.7 60.8 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 Age of baby boomers.......... 28 to 46 38 to 56 48 to 66 58 to 76 1 The "all other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of multiple racial origin and (2) the race categories of (2a) American Indian and Alaska Native and (2b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders. Note: Dash indicates no data collected for category. Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.
Table 2. Civilian labor force participation rates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 1992, 2002, 2012, and projected 2022 (In percent) Participation rate Percentage-point change Annual growth rate Group 1992 2002 2012 2022 1992- 2002- 2012- 1992- 2002- 2012- 2002 2012 2022 2002 2012 2022 Total, 16 years and older....... 66.4 66.6 63.7 61.6 0.2 -2.9 -2.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.3 Age, years: 16 to 24..................... 66.1 63.3 54.9 49.6 -2.9 -8.4 -5.3 -0.4 -1.4 -1.0 25 to 54..................... 83.6 83.3 81.4 81.0 -0.3 -1.9 -0.4 -0.0 -0.2 -0.1 55 and older................. 29.7 34.5 40.5 41.5 4.9 6.0 1.0 1.5 1.6 0.3 Sex: Men.......................... 75.8 74.1 70.2 67.6 -1.7 -3.9 -2.6 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 Women........................ 57.8 59.6 57.7 56.0 1.8 -1.9 -1.7 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 Race: White........................ 66.8 66.8 64.0 61.7 0.0 -2.8 -2.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 Black........................ 63.9 64.8 61.5 59.8 0.9 -3.3 -1.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 Asian........................ 66.5 67.2 63.9 63.2 0.7 -3.3 -0.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 All other groups (1)......... - - 63.9 63.2 - - -0.7 - - - Ethnicity: Hispanic origin.............. 66.8 69.1 66.4 65.9 2.3 -2.7 -0.5 0.3 -0.4 -0.1 Other than Hispanic origin... 66.4 66.2 63.2 60.7 -0.2 -3.0 -2.5 -0.0 -0.5 -0.4 White non-Hispanic........... 66.7 66.5 63.5 60.8 -0.2 -3.0 -2.7 -0.0 -0.5 -0.4 (1) The "all other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of multiple racial origin and (2) the race categories of (2a) American Indian and Alaska Native and (2b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders. Note: Dash indicates no data collected for category. Details may not sum to totals because of rounding.
Table 3. Employment by major industry sector, 2002, 2012, and projected 2022 Industry sector Thousands of jobs Change Percent distribution Annual growth rate (percent) 2002 2012 2022 2002- 2012- 2002 2012 2022 2002- 2012- 2012 2022 2012 2022 Total (1)...................................... 142,294.9 145,355.8 160,983.7 3,060.9 15,627.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.2 1.0 Nonagriculture wage and salary (2)............. 131,028.3 134,427.6 149,751.3 3,399.3 15,323.7 92.1 92.5 93.0 0.3 1.1 Goods-producing, excluding agriculture......... 22,486.7 18,360.3 19,554.2 -4126.4 1,193.9 15.8 12.6 12.1 -2.0 0.6 Mining...................................... 512.3 800.5 921.7 288.2 121.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 4.6 1.4 Construction................................ 6,715.7 5,640.9 7,263.0 -1074.8 1,622.1 4.7 3.9 4.5 -1.7 2.6 Manufacturing............................... 15,258.7 11,918.9 11,369.4 -3339.8 -549.5 10.7 8.2 7.1 -2.4 -0.5 Services-providing............................. 108,541.6 116,067.3 130,197.1 7,525.7 14,129.8 76.3 79.9 80.9 0.7 1.2 Utilities................................... 596.3 554.2 497.8 -42.1 -56.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.7 -1.1 Wholesale trade............................. 5,652.4 5,672.8 6,143.2 20.4 470.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 0.0 0.8 Retail trade................................ 15,025.1 14,875.3 15,966.2 -149.8 1,090.9 10.6 10.2 9.9 -0.1 0.7 Transportation and warehousing.............. 4,223.8 4,414.7 4,742.0 190.9 327.3 3.0 3.0 2.9 0.4 0.7 Information................................. 3,394.6 2,677.6 2,612.4 -717.0 -65.2 2.4 1.8 1.6 -2.3 -0.2 Financial activities........................ 7,847.1 7,786.3 8,537.3 -60.8 751.0 5.5 5.4 5.3 -0.1 0.9 Professional and business services.......... 15,976.2 17,930.2 21,413.0 1,954.0 3,482.8 11.2 12.3 13.3 1.2 1.8 Educational services........................ 2,642.8 3,346.9 4,022.2 704.1 675.3 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.4 1.9 Health care and social assistance........... 13,555.6 16,971.8 21,965.9 3,416.2 4,994.1 9.5 11.7 13.6 2.3 2.6 Leisure and hospitality..................... 11,986.0 13,745.8 15,035.0 1,759.8 1,289.2 8.4 9.5 9.3 1.4 0.9 Other services.............................. 6,129.0 6,174.5 6,823.4 45.5 648.9 4.3 4.2 4.2 0.1 1.0 Federal government.......................... 2,766.0 2,814.0 2,406.5 48.0 -407.5 1.9 1.9 1.5 0.2 -1.6 State and local government.................. 18,746.7 19,103.2 20,032.2 356.5 929.0 13.2 13.1 12.4 0.2 0.5 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting (3) 2,245.4 2,112.7 1,889.2 -132.7 -223.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 -0.6 -1.1 Agriculture wage and salary................. 1,217.4 1,306.9 1,281.8 89.5 -25.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 -0.2 Agriculture self-employed and unpaid family workers..................... 1,028.0 805.8 607.4 -222.2 -198.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 -2.4 -2.8 Nonagriculture self-employed and unpaid family workers........................ 9,021.2 8,815.5 9,343.2 -205.7 527.7 6.3 6.1 5.8 -0.2 0.6 (1) Employment data for wage and salary workers are from the BLS Current Employment Statistics survey, which counts jobs, whereas self-employed, unpaid family workers, and agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting are from the Current Population Survey (household survey), which counts workers. (2) Includes wage and salary data from the Current Employment Statistics survey, except private households, which is from the Current Population Survey. Logging workers are excluded. (3) Includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting data from the Current Population Survey, except logging, which is from Current Employment Statistics survey. Government wage and salary workers are excluded.
Table 4. Fastest growing occupations, 2012 and projected 2022 (Employment in thousands) 2012 National Employment Matrix title Employment Change, 2012-22 Median annual Typical education Work experience in a Typical on-the-job training 2012 2022 Number Percent wage, 2012 (1) needed for entry related occupation needed to attain competency in the occupation Total, all occupations................ 145,355.8 160,983.7 15,628.0 10.8 $34,750 N/A N/A N/A Industrial-organizational............. 1.6 2.5 0.9 53.4 83,580 Master's degree None Internship/residency psychologists Personal care aides................... 1,190.6 1,771.4 580.8 48.8 19,910 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Home health aides..................... 875.1 1,299.3 424.2 48.5 20,820 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Insulation workers, mechanical........ 28.9 42.4 13.5 46.7 39,170 High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship Interpreters and translators.......... 63.6 92.9 29.3 46.1 45,430 Bachelor's degree None Short-term on-the-job training Diagnostic medical sonographers....... 58.8 85.9 27.0 46.0 65,860 Associate's degree None None Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons,.... 24.4 34.9 10.5 43.0 28,220 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training stonemasons, and tile and marble setters Occupational therapy assistants....... 30.3 43.2 12.9 42.6 53,240 Associate's degree None None Genetic counselors.................... 2.1 3.0 0.9 41.2 56,800 Master's degree None None Physical therapist assistants......... 71.4 100.7 29.3 41.0 52,160 Associate's degree None None Physical therapist aides.............. 50.0 70.1 20.1 40.1 23,880 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training or equivalent Skincare specialists.................. 44.4 62.0 17.7 39.8 28,640 Postsecondary non-degree None None award Physician assistants.................. 86.7 120.0 33.3 38.4 90,930 Master's degree None None Segmental pavers...................... 1.8 2.4 0.7 38.1 33,720 High school diploma None Moderate-term on-the-job training or equivalent Helpers--electricians................. 60.8 83.3 22.4 36.9 27,670 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training or equivalent Information security analysts......... 75.1 102.5 27.4 36.5 86,170 Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None Occupational therapy aides............ 8.4 11.4 3.0 36.2 26,850 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training or equivalent Health specialties teachers,.......... 190.0 258.6 68.6 36.1 81,140 Doctoral or professional Less than 5 years None postsecondary degree Medical secretaries................... 525.6 714.9 189.2 36.0 31,350 High school diploma None Moderate-term on-the-job training or equivalent Physical therapists................... 204.2 277.7 73.5 36.0 79,860 Doctoral or professional None None degree Orthotists and prosthetists........... 8.5 11.5 3.0 35.5 62,670 Master's degree None Internship/residency Brickmasons and blockmasons........... 71.0 96.2 25.2 35.5 46,440 High school diploma None Apprenticeship or equivalent Nursing instructors and teachers,..... 67.8 91.8 24.0 35.4 64,850 Master's degree Less than 5 years None postsecondary Nurse practitioners................... 110.2 147.3 37.1 33.7 89,960 Master's degree None None Audiologists 13.0 17.3 4.3 33.6 69,720 Doctoral or professional None None degree Dental hygienists..................... 192.8 256.9 64.2 33.3 70,210 Associate's degree None None Meeting, convention, and.............. 94.2 125.4 31.3 33.2 45,810 Bachelor's degree None None event planners Therapists, all other................. 28.8 37.9 9.1 31.7 53,210 Bachelor's degree None None Market research analysts and.......... 415.7 547.2 131.5 31.6 60,300 Bachelor's degree None None marketing specialists Substance abuse and behavioral........ 89.6 117.7 28.2 31.4 38,520 High school diploma None Moderate-term on-the-job training disorder counselors or equivalent (1) Data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics program, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 5. Occupations with the most job growth, 2012 and projected 2022 (Employment in thousands) 2012 National Employment Matrix title Employment Change, 2012-22 Median annual Typical education Work experience in a Typical on-the-job training 2012 2022 Number Percent wage, 2012(1) needed for entry related occupation needed to attain competency in the occupation Total, all occupations................ 145,355.8 160,983.7 15,628.0 10.8 $34,750 N/A N/A N/A Personal care aides................... 1,190.6 1,771.4 580.8 48.8 19,910 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Registered nurses..................... 2,711.5 3,238.4 526.8 19.4 65,470 Associate's degree None None Retail salespersons................... 4,447.0 4,881.7 434.7 9.8 21,110 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Home health aides..................... 875.1 1,299.3 424.2 48.5 20,820 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Combined food preparation and......... 2,969.3 3,391.2 421.9 14.2 18,260 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training serving workers, including fast food Nursing assistants.................... 1,479.8 1,792.0 312.2 21.1 24,420 Postsecondary non-degree None None award Secretaries and administrative........ 2,324.4 2,632.3 307.8 13.2 32,410 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training assistants, except legal, or equivalent medical, and executive Customer service representatives...... 2,362.8 2,661.4 298.7 12.6 30,580 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training or equivalent Janitors and cleaners, except maids... 2,324.0 2,604.0 280.0 12.1 22,320 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training and housekeeping cleaners Construction laborers................. 1,071.1 1,331.0 259.8 24.3 29,990 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training General and operations managers....... 1,972.7 2,216.8 244.1 12.4 95,440 Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None Laborers and freight, stock, and...... 2,197.3 2,439.2 241.9 11.0 23,890 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training material movers, hand Carpenters............................ 901.2 1,119.4 218.2 24.2 39,940 High school diploma None Apprenticeship or equivalent Bookkeeping, accounting, and.......... 1,799.8 2,004.5 204.6 11.4 35,170 High school diploma None Moderate-term on-the-job training auditing clerks or equivalent Heavy and tractor-trailer truck....... 1,701.5 1,894.1 192.6 11.3 38,200 Postsecondary non-degree None Short-term on-the-job training drivers award Medical secretaries................... 525.6 714.9 189.2 36.0 31,350 High school diploma None Moderate-term on-the-job training or equivalent Childcare workers..................... 1,312.7 1,496.8 184.1 14.0 19,510 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training or equivalent Office clerks, general................ 2,983.5 3,167.6 184.1 6.2 27,470 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training or equivalent Maids and housekeeping cleaners....... 1,434.6 1,618.0 183.4 12.8 19,570 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Licensed practical and licensed....... 738.4 921.3 182.9 24.8 41,540 Postsecondary non-degree None None vocational nurses award First-line supervisors of office...... 1,418.1 1,589.6 171.5 12.1 49,330 High school diploma Less than 5 years None and administrative support or equivalent workers Elementary school teachers,........... 1,361.2 1,529.1 167.9 12.3 53,400 Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency except special education Accountants and auditors.............. 1,275.4 1,442.2 166.7 13.1 63,550 Bachelor's degree None None Medical assistants.................... 560.8 723.7 162.9 29.0 29,370 Postsecondary non-degree None None award Cooks, restaurant..................... 1,024.1 1,174.2 150.1 14.7 22,030 Less than high school Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training Software developers, applications..... 613.0 752.9 139.9 22.8 90,060 Bachelor's degree None None Landscaping and groundskeeping........ 1,124.9 1,264.0 139.2 12.4 23,570 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training workers Receptionists and information......... 1,006.7 1,142.6 135.9 13.5 25,990 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training clerks or equivalent Management analysts................... 718.7 852.5 133.8 18.6 78,600 Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None Sales representatives, wholesale...... 1,480.7 1,612.8 132.0 8.9 54,230 High school diploma None Moderate-term on-the-job training and manufacturing, except or equivalent technical and scientific products 1 Data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics program, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 6. Employment by major occupational group, 2012 and projected 2022 (Employment in thousands) 2012 National Employment Matrix title and code Employment Change, 2012-22 2012 2022 Number Percent Total, all occupations..................................... 00-0000 145,355.8 160,983.7 15,628.0 10.8 Management occupations..................................... 11-0000 8,861.5 9,498.0 636.6 7.2 Business and financial operations occupations.............. 13-0000 7,167.6 8,065.7 898.1 12.5 Computer and mathematical occupations...................... 15-0000 3,814.7 4,500.5 685.8 18.0 Architecture and engineering occupations................... 17-0000 2,474.5 2,654.0 179.6 7.3 Life, physical, and social science occupations............. 19-0000 1,249.1 1,374.8 125.7 10.1 Community and social service occupations................... 21-0000 2,374.7 2,783.4 408.8 17.2 Legal occupations.......................................... 23-0000 1,247.0 1,379.9 132.9 10.7 Education, training, and library occupations............... 25-0000 9,115.9 10,131.7 1,015.8 11.1 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations. 27-0000 2,570.9 2,751.6 180.6 7.0 Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations......... 29-0000 8,049.7 9,782.6 1,732.9 21.5 Healthcare support occupations............................. 31-0000 4,110.2 5,266.0 1,155.8 28.1 Protective service occupations............................. 33-0000 3,325.3 3,588.3 263.0 7.9 Food preparation and serving related occupations........... 35-0000 11,780.1 12,882.0 1,101.8 9.4 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations.. 37-0000 5,522.3 6,213.3 691.0 12.5 Personal care and service occupations...................... 39-0000 5,375.6 6,498.5 1,122.9 20.9 Sales and related occupations.............................. 41-0000 15,105.0 16,200.5 1,095.5 7.3 Office and administrative support occupations.............. 43-0000 22,470.1 24,004.1 1,534.0 6.8 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................. 45-0000 947.2 915.0 -32.2 -3.4 Construction and extraction occupations.................... 47-0000 6,092.2 7,394.1 1,301.9 21.4 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.......... 49-0000 5,514.8 6,046.0 531.2 9.6 Production occupations..................................... 51-0000 8,941.9 9,017.5 75.6 0.8 Transportation and material moving occupations............. 53-0000 9,245.7 10,036.4 790.6 8.6
Table 7. Employment by summary education and training assignment, 2012 and projected 2022 (Employment and job openings in thousands) Education, work experience, and on-the-job training Employment Change, 2012-22 Job openings Median 2012 2022 Number Percent due to growth and annual replacement needs, wage, 2012-22 2012 (1) Typical education needed for entry Total, all occupations 145,355.8 160,983.7 15,628.0 10.8 50,557.3 $34,750 Postsecondary education.............................. 48,963.8 55,802.6 6,838.7 14.0 16,975.6 57,770 Doctoral or professional degree................... 4,002.4 4,640.8 638.4 16.0 1,426.8 96,420 Master's degree................................... 2,432.2 2,880.7 448.5 18.4 950.8 63,400 Bachelor's degree................................. 26,033.0 29,176.7 3,143.6 12.1 8,618.7 67,140 Associate's degree................................ 5,954.9 7,000.9 1,046.0 17.6 2,269.5 57,590 Postsecondary non-degree award.................... 8,554.2 9,891.2 1,337.1 15.6 3,067.2 34,760 Some college, no degree........................... 1,987.2 2,212.2 225.0 11.3 642.6 28,730 No postsecondary education........................... 96,392.0 105,181.2 8,789.2 9.1 33,581.7 27,670 High school diploma or equivalent................. 58,264.4 62,895.2 4,630.8 7.9 17,667.4 35,170 Less than high school............................. 38,127.6 42,286.0 4,158.4 10.9 15,914.3 20,110 Work experience in a related occupation Total, all occupations.................................. 145,355.8 160,983.7 15,628.0 10.8 50,557.3 34,750 5 years or more...................................... 4,831.9 5,091.8 259.9 5.4 1,330.9 90,760 Less than 5 years.................................... 16,167.7 17,663.5 1,495.9 9.3 4,863.4 52,270 None................................................. 124,356.2 138,228.4 13,872.2 11.2 44,363.0 32,260 Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency Total, all occupations.................................. 145,355.8 160,983.7 15,628.0 10.8 50,557.3 34,750 Internship/residency................................. 5,989.1 6,658.9 669.8 11.2 1,997.8 53,570 Apprenticeship....................................... 2,336.9 2,855.2 518.3 22.2 879.8 45,440 Long-term on-the-job training........................ 6,876.5 7,448.7 572.2 8.3 2,163.7 41,810 Moderate-term on-the-job training.................... 23,057.8 24,968.5 1,910.8 8.3 6,841.0 36,950 Short-term on-the-job training....................... 58,928.4 64,673.7 5,745.3 9.7 22,273.7 22,960 None................................................. 48,167.2 54,378.8 6,211.6 12.9 16,401.3 56,970 (1) Data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics program, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 8. Occupations with the largest projected number of job openings due to growth and replacement needs, 2012 and projected 2022 (Employment and job openings in thousands) 2012 National Employment Matrix title Employment Change, 2012-22 Job openings due to Median annual Typical education Work experience in Typical on-the-job training needed growth and replacement wage, 2012(1) needed for entry a related occupation to attain competency in the occupation 2012 2022 Number Percent needs, 2012-22 Total, all occupations........................................... 145,355.8 160,983.7 15,628.0 10.8 50,557.3 $34,750 N/A N/A N/A Retail salespersons.............................................. 4,447.0 4,881.7 434.7 9.8 1,955.7 21,110 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Combined food preparation and serving workers,................... 2,969.3 3,391.2 421.9 14.2 1,555.7 18,260 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training including fast food Cashiers......................................................... 3,338.9 3,425.4 86.5 2.6 1,530.0 18,970 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Waiters and waitresses........................................... 2,362.2 2,494.0 131.8 5.6 1,268.3 18,540 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Registered nurses................................................ 2,711.5 3,238.4 526.8 19.4 1,052.6 65,470 Associate's degree None None Customer service representatives................................. 2,362.8 2,661.4 298.7 12.6 941.6 30,580 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training or equivalent Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand........... 2,197.3 2,439.2 241.9 11.0 922.5 23,890 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Office clerks, general........................................... 2,983.5 3,167.6 184.1 6.2 810.9 27,470 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training or equivalent Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.... 2,324.0 2,604.0 280.0 12.1 717.3 22,320 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Personal care aides.............................................. 1,190.6 1,771.4 580.8 48.8 666.0 19,910 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training General and operations managers.................................. 1,972.7 2,216.8 244.1 12.4 613.1 95,440 Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None Nursing assistants............................................... 1,479.8 1,792.0 312.2 21.1 593.6 24,420 Postsecondary non-degree None None award Home health aides................................................ 875.1 1,299.3 424.2 48.5 590.7 20,820 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Secretaries and administrative assistants,....................... 2,324.4 2,632.3 307.8 13.2 587.6 32,410 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training except legal, medical, and executive or equivalent Childcare workers................................................ 1,312.7 1,496.8 184.1 14.0 570.0 19,510 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training or equivalent Stock clerks and order fillers................................... 1,807.2 1,801.2 -6.0 -0.3 546.0 22,050 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Accountants and auditors......................................... 1,275.4 1,442.2 166.7 13.1 544.2 63,550 Bachelor's degree None None First-line supervisors of office and administrative.............. 1,418.1 1,589.6 171.5 12.1 508.0 49,330 High school diploma Less than 5 years None support workers or equivalent Construction laborers............................................ 1,071.1 1,331.0 259.8 24.3 489.1 29,990 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................. 1,434.6 1,618.0 183.4 12.8 467.7 19,570 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Elementary school teachers, except special education............. 1,361.2 1,529.1 167.9 12.3 467.4 53,400 Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers.......................... 1,701.5 1,894.1 192.6 11.3 464.7 38,200 Postsecondary non-degree None Short-term on-the-job training award Landscaping and groundskeeping workers........................... 1,124.9 1,264.0 139.2 12.4 422.7 23,570 Less than high school None Short-term on-the-job training Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,.............. 1,480.7 1,612.8 132.0 8.9 420.7 54,230 High school diploma None Moderate-term on-the-job training except technical and scientific products or equivalent First-line supervisors of retail sales workers................... 1,603.3 1,674.2 70.9 4.4 419.8 36,820 High school diploma Less than 5 years None or equivalent Receptionists and information clerks............................. 1,006.7 1,142.6 135.9 13.5 406.9 25,990 High school diploma None Short-term on-the-job training or equivalent Teacher assistants............................................... 1,223.4 1,328.5 105.0 8.6 382.6 23,640 Some college, no degree None None Maintenance and repair workers, general.......................... 1,325.1 1,450.3 125.2 9.4 379.7 35,210 High school diploma None Long-term on-the-job training or equivalent Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks..................... 1,799.8 2,004.5 204.6 11.4 370.0 35,170 High school diploma None Moderate-term on-the-job training or equivalent Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................ 738.4 921.3 182.9 24.8 363.1 41,540 Postsecondary non-degree None None award 1 Data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics program, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.