Unpaid Eldercare in the United States News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, September 25, 2025	                       USDL-25-1462

Technical information:	(202) 691-6339  *  atusinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/tus
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                       UNPAID ELDERCARE IN THE UNITED STATES -- 2023-2024
                             DATA FROM THE AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY


Fourteen percent of the civilian noninstitutional population age 15 and over, or 38.2 million
people, provided unpaid eldercare, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. A little
over one-fourth (28 percent) of eldercare providers engaged in unpaid eldercare on a given day,
spending an average of 3.9 hours providing this care. These estimates are averages for the
2-year period of 2023-24.

Eldercare providers are defined as individuals who provide unpaid care to someone age 65 or
older who needs help because of a condition related to aging. This care can be provided to
household or nonhousehold members, as well as people living in retirement homes or assisted
care facilities. Eldercare can involve a range of care activities, such as assisting with
grooming, preparing meals, and providing transportation. Eldercare also involves providing
companionship or being available to assist when help is needed, and thus it can be associated
with nearly any activity.

Information about eldercare providers and the time they spend providing care are collected as
part of the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS is a continuous household survey that
provides estimates on how people spend their time. For a description of ATUS data, concepts,
and methodology, see the Technical Note.

Eldercare providers in 2023-24

 --Of the 38.2 million eldercare providers in the civilian noninstitutional population age 15
   and over, the majority (55 percent) were women. (See table 1.)

 --Individuals ages 55 to 64 (24 percent) and 45 to 54 (19 percent) were the most likely to
   provide eldercare, followed by those ages 65 and over (17 percent). (See table 1.)

 --Fifty percent of eldercare providers had provided this care for 2 years or less, while 14
   percent had provided care for 10 years or more. (See table 2.)

 --Over one-half of eldercare providers provided care at least several times a week (52
   percent), and one-quarter provided care daily. (See table 2.)

 --Almost half of eldercare providers cared for a parent (47 percent). Those ages 35-64 were
   more likely than those in other age groups to care for a parent, while those ages 25-34
   were more likely to care for a grandparent. (See table 3.)

 --Nineteen percent of eldercare providers cared solely for someone with whom they lived, and
   79 percent cared solely for someone with whom they did not live. (See table 2.)

Time spent providing eldercare in 2023-24

 --On a given day, a little over one-fourth (28 percent) of eldercare providers engaged in
   eldercare. They spent an average of 3.9 hours in caregiving activities on days they
   provided care. (See table 4.)

 --Compared with those in other age groups, eldercare providers who were ages 65 and older
   were the most likely to provide care on a given day (40 percent). On days they provided
   care, they spent 4.9 hours doing so. (See table 4.)

 --Those who provided eldercare for someone solely in their household were more than three
   times as likely to provide eldercare on a given day than those who provided care solely
   for someone living in another household--64 percent compared with 18 percent. They also
   spent more time providing this care on an average day--3.2 hours compared to 32 minutes
   a day. (See table 4.)

 --Eldercare providers who cared solely for a parent spent 1.1 hours per day providing
   eldercare on an average day. (See table 4.)

 --Providers who were not employed were more likely than providers who were employed to
   provide care on an average day--38 percent compared to 21 percent. Those who were not
   employed also spent more time providing eldercare (4.8 hours) than employed providers
   (2.8 hours) on days they provided care. (See table 4.)

 --Among eldercare providers, women and men were about equally likely to provide eldercare on
   a given day--29 percent of female eldercare providers and 26 percent of male eldercare
   providers engaged in eldercare activities on an average day. On days they provided care,
   they spent about the same amount of time providing this care (4.0 hours for women and 3.8
   hours for men). (See table 4.)

Eldercare activities in 2023-24

 --On days they provided care, 42 percent of eldercare providers engaged in caregiving
   associated with household activities, spending on average 53 minutes per day in these
   activities. This includes providers who engaged in eldercare associated with food
   preparation and cleanup (33 percent) and those who provided eldercare associated with
   housework (15 percent). (See table 5.) 

 --Thirty-nine percent of eldercare providers engaged in caregiving associated with leisure
   and sports on days they provided care, spending 1.3 hours per day in these activities. This
   includes 22 percent of eldercare providers who engaged in eldercare associated with
   socializing and communicating, spending 25 minutes per day in these activities. (See table
   5.)

 --On days they provided care, 23 percent of eldercare providers engaged in caring activities
   associated with physical care, providing and obtaining medical care, and in helping 
   activities such as assistance with shopping, cooking, house maintenance, and pet care for
   adults living in another household. (See table 5.)	

Eldercare providers who were parents with children under age 18 living at home in 2023-24

 --There were 7.6 million eldercare providers who were parents of children living at home. Of
   these parents, one-third (33 percent) had a child under age 6, and the remainder (67
   percent) were parents whose youngest child was between the ages of 6 and 17. (See table 9.) 

 --Fifty-five percent of eldercare providers who were parents of children living at home
   provided care for their own parent. These people sometimes are described as members of the
   “sandwich generation,” because they are in between two generations that require care. (See
   table 9.)

 --Most (86 percent) eldercare providers who were parents were employed, and 72 percent were
   employed full time. Eighty-four percent of fathers were employed full time, compared with
   60 percent of mothers. (See table 9.)  

 --Fourteen percent of eldercare providers who were parents had no spouse or unmarried partner
   present in the household. (See table 9.) 

 --Eldercare providers who were parents were less likely to provide daily care than the
   overall population of eldercare providers (16 percent compared with 25 percent) but just as
   likely to provide care several times a week (27 percent). (See tables 2 and 9.)

 --On a given day, 18 percent of eldercare providers who were also parents of children living
   at home engaged in eldercare. On days they provided eldercare, they spent 2.4 hours doing
   so. (See table 4.)

Technical Note

   The estimates in this news release are from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS, which is conducted
by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a continuous survey about how 
individuals age 15 and over spend their time. In the 2-year period of 2023–24, approximately 16,000
individuals were interviewed for the ATUS; of these, approximately 2,500 individuals were identified as 
eldercare providers. Data for the combined years of 2023–24 were used to facilitate a more in-depth analysis
of eldercare.   

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 
telecommunications relay services. 

Survey methodology   

   ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that completed their eighth (final) interview for the
Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation’s monthly labor force survey. ATUS sample households are selected
to ensure that estimates will be nationally representative of the civilian noninstitutional population. One
individual age 15 or over—referred to as the designated person—is randomly chosen from each sampled household.
This person is interviewed by telephone once about his or her activities on the day before the interview.  
All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. Procedures are in place to 
collect information from the small number of households that did not provide a telephone number during the
CPS interview.   

   ATUS designated people are preassigned a day of the week about which to report. Preassignment is designed
to reduce variability in response rates across the week and to allow oversampling of weekend days so that 
accurate weekend day measures can be developed. Interviews occur on the day following the assigned day. 
For example, a person assigned to report about a Monday would be contacted on the following Tuesday. Ten 
percent of designated people are assigned to report about each of the five weekdays. Twenty-five percent are
assigned to report about each weekend day. Households are called for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for example,
8 Tuesdays) in order to secure an interview.

About the questionnaire   

   In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, survey respondents sequentially report activities they did
between 4 a.m. on the day before the interview until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview. For each activity, 
respondents are asked how long the activity lasted. For activities other than personal care activities 
(such as sleeping and grooming), interviewers also ask respondents where they were and who was in the room 
with them (if at home) or who accompanied them (if away from home). If respondents report doing more than
one activity at a time, they are asked to identify which one was their main activity. If none can be 
identified, the interviewer records the first activity mentioned. After completing the time diary, interviewers
ask additional questions, including questions to identify eldercare providers and activities done as 
eldercare. Questions on eldercare were added to the survey in 2011.  

   After completing the interview, activity descriptions are assigned a single 6-digit code using the ATUS Coding
Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system consists of 17 major activity categories, each with multiple second- and 
third-tier subcategories. These coding lexicon categories are then combined into composite categories for
publication. Descriptions of categories shown in this news release can be found in the Activity definitions 
section of this Technical Note. The ATUS Coding Lexicons can be accessed at www.bls.gov/tus/lexicons.htm.

Concepts and definitions

   Average day. The average day measure reflects an average distribution across all people in the reference
population and all days of the week.
   
   Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m. on the diary day
and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a specified activity.

	--Average hours per day, population. The average number of hours per day is computed using all responses
          from a given population, including those of respondents who did not do a particular activity on their diary day.
          These estimates reflect how many population members engaged in an activity and the amount of time they spent
          doing it.

	--Average hours per day, people who did the activity. The average number of hours per day is computed
          using only responses from those who engaged in a particular activity on their diary day.

   Condition related to aging. An ongoing ailment or physical or emotional limitation that typically affects
older people, such as becoming more frail; having difficulty seeing, hearing, or physically moving; becoming 
more forgetful; tiring more quickly; or having specific medical ailments that are more common among older adults.
It also refers to existing conditions that become progressively worse as one ages.
   
   Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the respondent reports. For example, the diary day of a
respondent interviewed on Tuesday is Monday.
  
   Eldercare. Eldercare is providing unpaid care or assistance to an individual who needed help because of a
condition related to aging. This care can be provided by a family member or non-family member. Care can be
provided in the recipient’s home, the provider’s home, or a care facility such as a nursing home.
   Eldercare can involve a range of care activities, such as assisting with grooming and feeding, preparing 
meals, arranging medical care, and providing transportation. Eldercare also can involve providing companionship
or being available to assist when help is needed, and thus it can be associated with nearly any activity.
   Estimates of the time spent providing eldercare are derived by summing the durations of activities during which
respondents provided care or assistance for an adult who needed help because of a condition related to aging. These
estimates never include times the respondent reported sleeping, grooming, or engaging in personal care services.

   Eldercare provider. An individual who provided eldercare more than one time in the 3 to 4 months prior to the
interview day. The time frame varies slightly by respondent because the question asks about care provided between
the first day of a given reference month and the interview day. Estimates are restricted to eldercare providers 
caring for at least one person age 65 or older.

Employment status

 --Employed. All people who:

    1) At any time during the 7 days prior to the interview did any work at all as paid employees, or worked in
    their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

    2) Were not working during the 7 days prior to the interview but had jobs or businesses from which they were
    temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labor-management disputes,
    maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid
    for the time off or were seeking other jobs; or

    3) Usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise.

 --Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 or more hours per week at all jobs combined.

 --Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually worked fewer than 35 hours per week at all jobs combined.

 --Not employed. People are not employed if they do not meet the conditions for employment. People who are not employed
   include those classified as unemployed as well as those classified as not in the labor force (using CPS definitions).

 --Household children. Household children are children under age 18 residing in the household of the ATUS respondent.
The children may be related to the respondent (such as his or her own children, grandchildren, nieces or nephews, or
brothers or sisters) or not related (such as foster children or children of roommates or boarders).

   Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity a respondent was doing at a specified time. 

   Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates for weekdays are an average of reports about Monday through Friday,
excluding holidays. Estimates for weekend days and holidays are an average of reports about Saturdays, Sundays, and the
following holidays:  New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and 
Christmas Day. Data were not collected about New Year’s Day in 2023.

Activity definitions

   The following definitions describe the activities associated with eldercare appearing in this news release. These are diary
activities that survey respondents identified as ones during which they had provided care or assistance for an adult 
who needed help because of a condition related to aging.  

   Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking (except eating and drinking done as part of a work or volunteer 
activity) is classified here.

   Household activities. Household activities are activities done by people to maintain their households. These include
housework; cooking; lawn and garden care; pet care; vehicle maintenance and repair; home maintenance, repair,
decoration, and renovation; and household management and organizational activities (such as filling out paperwork 
or planning a party). Food preparation, whether or not reported as done specifically for another household
member, is always classified as a household activity unless it was done as a volunteer, work, or income
-generating activity, or when done for a nonhousehold member. 

   Purchasing goods and services. This category includes time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing consumer goods,
professional services, household services, and government services. Consumer purchases include most purchases and 
rentals of consumer goods. Professional services refer to financial services and banking, legal services, medical
and adult care services, real estate services, and veterinary services. Household services include 
housecleaning; cooking; lawn care and landscaping; pet care; tailoring, laundering, and dry cleaning; vehicle 
maintenance and repairs; and home repairs, maintenance, and construction. This category also captures the time spent
obtaining government services—such as applying for food stamps—and purchasing government-required licenses or
paying fines or fees.

   Caring for and helping household members. Time spent doing activities to care for members of the household, 
regardless of relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person being 
helped, is classified here. This category includes a range of activities done to benefit members of households,
such as providing physical and medical care or obtaining medical services.

   Caring for and helping nonhousehold members. This category includes time spent in activities done to care for
or help individuals who do not live in the household. When done for or through an organization, time spent
helping nonhousehold members is classified as volunteering, rather than as helping nonhousehold members.

   Working and work-related activities. This category includes time spent working, doing activities as part of
one's job, engaging in income-generating activities not as part of one's job, and job search activities.
"Working" includes hours spent doing the specific tasks required of one's main or other job, regardless of 
location or time of day. "Work-related activities" include activities that are not obviously work but are
done as part of one's job, such as having a business lunch and playing golf with clients. "Other income-generating
activities" are those done "on the side" or under informal arrangement and are not part of a regular job.
Such activities might include selling homemade crafts, maintaining a rental property, or having a yard sale.
These activities are those for which people are paid or will be paid.

   Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This category captures time spent volunteering for or through 
an organization, performing civic obligations, and participating in religious and spiritual activities. 

   Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes time spent in sports, exercise, and recreation;
socializing and communicating; and other leisure activities. Sports, exercise, and recreation activities 
include participating in—as well as attending or watching—sports, exercise, and recreational activities.
Recreational activities include yard games like croquet or horseshoes, as well as activities like billiards
and dancing. Socializing and communicating includes face-to-face social communication and hosting or attending
social functions. Leisure activities include watching television; reading; relaxing or thinking; playing 
computer, board, or card games; using a computer or the Internet for personal interest; playing or listening
to music; and other activities, such as attending arts, cultural, and entertainment events.

   Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category captures time spent in telephone communication and handling 
household or personal mail or e-mail. This category also includes texting and Internet voice and video calling.

   Traveling. This category includes all travel, regardless of mode or purpose, as well as security procedures 
related to traveling.

   Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This is a residual category intended to capture activities not
elsewhere classified in each table. These might be ambiguous activities that could not be coded, missing
activities, or activities that occurred very infrequently. Missing activities result when respondents do not
remember what they did for a period of time, or when they consider an activity too private or personal to
report. This category includes a small amount of time that was spent in educational activities, as no 
educational activities category appears in the tables.

Processing and estimation

   After ATUS data are collected, they go through an editing and imputation procedure. Responses to CPS
questions that are re-asked in the ATUS go through the regular CPS edit and imputation procedures. Some
item nonresponses for questions unique to the ATUS also are imputed.

   ATUS records are weighted quarterly to reduce bias in the estimates due to differences in sampling and
response rates across subpopulations and days of the week. Specifically, the data are weighted to
ensure the following:

 --Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted data, and weekend days represent about 2/7 of the weighted 
data for the population as a whole and for selected subpopulations. The actual proportions depend on the 
number of weekdays and weekend days in a given quarter.

 --The sum of the weights is equal to the number of person-days in the quarter for the population as a
whole and for selected subpopulations (the population times the number of days in the quarter).

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than
the entire population, is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and 
its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
   Sample estimates from a given survey design are unbiased when an average of the estimates from all possible
samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample estimate and its
standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values that include 
the true population value with known probabilities. If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times, an estimate made from each sample, and a suitable estimate of its standard error
calculated for each sample, then approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 standard errors below 
the estimate to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate would include the true population value. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
   The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error, which is the average difference between population and 
sample values for samples generated by a given process. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,
including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all 
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information,
and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Errors also could occur if nonresponse is 
correlated with time use.

   Nonsampling error and eldercare. Eldercare done for a spouse or partner may be underreported, especially
when the care provided has only recently become necessary. For example, a survey respondent who has always
prepared the family dinner may not view cooking as an eldercare activity; if her husband is no longer capable 
of preparing his own meals, though, he depends on this assistance and it meets the definition of eldercare. 

   Additionally, nonsampling error affects data on the frequency of care. Survey respondents were asked how often 
they provided eldercare in recent months and whether they provided eldercare on the diary day. Information
about care provided on the diary day was used to calculate daily participation rates. There are some
inconsistencies between the reported frequency of care and the actual provision of eldercare on an average day.
For example, in 2023-2024, only 66 percent of eldercare providers who self-reported providing care "daily"
actually provided eldercare on an average day. This discrepancy reflects some respondents’ choice of "daily"
rather than "several times a week" or another option to best describe their eldercare frequency, even
while acknowledging they had not provided care on the diary day.

ATUS publication standards

   Estimates of average hours per day and participation rates are not published unless there are a minimum number 
of respondents representing the given population. Additional publication criteria are applied that include the
number of respondents who reported doing a specified activity and the standard error or coefficient of variation
for the estimate. Estimates that are considered "close to zero" or that round to 0.00, are published as
approximately zero. For a detailed description of the statistical reliability criteria necessary for publication,
please contact ATUS staff at ATUSinfo@bls.gov.

Table 1. Number and percent of the U.S. population who were eldercare providers by sex and selected characteristics, averages for the combined years 2023-2024 [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total			Men			Women
	Civilian noninstitutional population	Eldercare providers		Civilian noninstitutional population	Eldercare providers		Civilian noninstitutional population	Eldercare providers
		Number	Percent of population		Number	Percent of population		Number	Percent of population
Age
Total, 15 years and over	272,126	38,192	14.0	132,989	17,201	12.9	139,137	20,990	15.1
15 to 24 years	43,521	2,433	5.6	22,034	1,382	6.3	21,486	1,051	4.9
25 to 34 years	44,477	3,376	7.6	22,221	1,796	8.1	22,256	1,580	7.1
35 to 44 years	43,818	4,982	11.4	21,846	2,272	10.4	21,972	2,710	12.3
45 to 54 years	40,003	7,508	18.8	19,863	3,398	17.1	20,140	4,110	20.4
55 to 64 years	41,312	9,974	24.1	20,218	4,086	20.2	21,094	5,888	27.9
65 years and over	58,995	9,919	16.8	26,806	4,267	15.9	32,189	5,651	17.6
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(1)
White	212,722	31,441	14.8	104,507	14,333	13.7	108,215	17,108	15.8
Black or African American	34,906	4,692	13.4	16,298	1,778	10.9	18,608	2,914	15.7
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	49,339	3,544	7.2	24,743	1,607	6.5	24,596	1,937	7.9
Employment status
Employed	174,244	23,569	13.5	92,222	11,221	12.2	82,022	12,348	15.1
Full-time workers	138,031	18,386	13.3	78,380	9,384	12.0	59,652	9,001	15.1
Part-time workers	36,213	5,183	14.3	13,843	1,836	13.3	22,370	3,347	15.0
Not employed	97,882	14,622	14.9	40,766	5,980	14.7	57,115	8,642	15.1
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	16,910	1,421	8.4	9,259	817	8.8	7,652	604	7.9
High school graduates, no college	65,310	9,431	14.4	32,642	4,535	13.9	32,669	4,897	15.0
Some college or associate degree	50,192	8,216	16.4	23,547	3,510	14.9	26,645	4,707	17.7
Bachelor's degree and higher	96,193	16,689	17.3	45,507	6,957	15.3	50,685	9,732	19.2
Parent of household children under 18 years
Parent of one or more household children	66,214	7,616	11.5	30,867	3,699	12.0	35,347	3,917	11.1
Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger	38,593	5,115	13.3	18,015	2,374	13.2	20,579	2,741	13.3
Parent of a household child under age 6	27,620	2,501	9.1	12,853	1,325	10.3	14,768	1,176	8.0
Not a parent of a household child	205,912	30,576	14.8	102,121	13,502	13.2	103,791	17,073	16.4
Marital status
No spouse or unmarried partner present in household	119,308	14,080	11.8	55,613	6,505	11.7	63,695	7,575	11.9
Spouse or unmarried partner present in household	152,818	24,111	15.8	77,376	10,696	13.8	75,442	13,415	17.8
Footnotes (1) Not all race categories are shown. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for people who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to people 15 years and over.

Table 2. Eldercare providers by sex and selected characteristics related to care provided, averages for the combined years 2023-2024 [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Eldercare providers
	Total		Men		Women
	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Total, 15 years and over	38,192	100.0	17,201	100.0	20,990	100.0
Parent of household children under 18 years
Parent of one or more household children	7,616	19.9	3,699	21.5	3,917	18.7
Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger	5,115	13.4	2,374	13.8	2,741	13.1
Parent of a household child under age 6	2,501	6.5	1,325	7.7	1,176	5.6
Not a parent of a household child	30,576	80.1	13,502	78.5	17,073	81.3
Number of care recipients
Caring for one person	27,414	71.8	12,077	70.2	15,337	73.1
Caring for two people	8,877	23.2	4,273	24.8	4,604	21.9
Caring for three or more people	1,901	5.0	852	5.0	1,049	5.0
Relationship to care recipient
Total, all eldercare providers	38,192	(1)-	17,201	(1)-	20,990	(1)-
Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner(2)	3,409	8.9	1,362	7.9	2,047	9.8
Caring for a parent	17,798	46.6	7,920	46.0	9,877	47.1
Caring for a grandparent(3)	4,484	11.7	1,872	10.9	2,612	12.4
Caring for another related person	9,280	24.3	4,618	26.8	4,662	22.2
Caring for a friend or neighbor	5,831	15.3	2,576	15.0	3,254	15.5
Caring for someone else	1,597	4.2	630	3.7	967	4.6
Eldercare providers caring for one person only	27,414	100.0	12,077	100.0	15,337	100.0
Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner(2)	3,026	11.0	1,215	10.1	1,812	11.8
Caring for a parent	11,652	42.5	5,155	42.7	6,496	42.4
Caring for a grandparent(3)	3,182	11.6	1,339	11.1	1,843	12.0
Caring for another related person	5,232	19.1	2,565	21.2	2,667	17.4
Caring for a friend or neighbor	3,536	12.9	1,543	12.8	1,993	13.0
Caring for someone else	785	2.9	260	2.2	526	3.4
Age of care recipient
Total, all eldercare providers	38,192	(1)-	17,201	(1)-	20,990	(1)-
Caring for someone age 65 to 69	5,172	13.5	2,270	13.2	2,902	13.8
Caring for someone age 70 to 74	7,333	19.2	3,390	19.7	3,943	18.8
Caring for someone age 75 to 79	8,573	22.4	4,208	24.5	4,366	20.8
Caring for someone age 80 to 84	9,681	25.3	4,226	24.6	5,456	26.0
Caring for someone age 85 or older	13,718	35.9	6,111	35.5	7,607	36.2
Eldercare providers caring for one person only	27,414	100.0	12,077	100.0	15,337	100.0
Caring for someone age 65 to 69	2,867	10.5	1,241	10.3	1,626	10.6
Caring for someone age 70 to 74	4,784	17.5	2,210	18.3	2,574	16.8
Caring for someone age 75 to 79	4,805	17.5	2,318	19.2	2,487	16.2
Caring for someone age 80 to 84	5,341	19.5	2,182	18.1	3,159	20.6
Caring for someone age 85 or older	9,617	35.1	4,126	34.2	5,491	35.8
Care of household or nonhousehold members
Provided eldercare to household member(s) only	7,363	19.3	3,556	20.7	3,807	18.1
Provided eldercare to nonhousehold persons(s) only	30,065	78.7	13,267	77.1	16,798	80.0
Provided eldercare to both household and nonhousehold person(s)	763	2.0	378	2.2	385	1.8
Frequency of care(4)
Provided care daily	9,439	24.7	3,968	23.1	5,471	26.1
Provided care several times a week	10,278	26.9	4,485	26.1	5,793	27.6
Provided care once a week	6,135	16.1	3,039	17.7	3,096	14.7
Provided care several times a month	6,557	17.2	3,123	18.2	3,434	16.4
Provided care once a month	4,081	10.7	1,869	10.9	2,212	10.5
Other	1,702	4.5	717	4.2	985	4.7
Duration of care(5)
Provided care for less than 1 year	8,649	22.6	3,541	20.6	5,108	24.3
Provided care for 1 to 2 years	10,457	27.4	4,894	28.4	5,563	26.5
Provided care for 3 to 4 years	6,528	17.1	2,943	17.1	3,585	17.1
Provided care for 5 to 9 years	7,207	18.9	3,130	18.2	4,077	19.4
Provided care for 10 years or more	5,350	14.0	2,693	15.7	2,657	12.7
Footnotes (1) Categories sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers cared for more than one person. (2) Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information. (3) Refers only to people caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. People caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are included in the category "Caring for another related person." (4) Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by frequency of care. (5) For people who provided eldercare to more than 1 person, the duration of care is calculated based on the person for whom they had cared the longest.
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for people who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to people 15 years and over.

Table 3. Eldercare providers by relationship to care recipient and selected characteristics of eldercare providers, averages for the combined years 2023-2024

Characteristic	Number of eldercare providers (in thousands)	Percent of eldercare providers caring for(1)
		A spouse or unmarried partner(2)	A parent	A grandparent(3)	Another related person	A friend or neighbor	Someone else
Age
Total, 15 years and over	38,192	8.9	46.6	11.7	24.3	15.3	4.2
15 to 24 years	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
25 to 34 years	3,376	0.4	32.2	47.0	14.2	9.0	5.4
35 to 44 years	4,982	0.5	54.5	19.1	25.9	10.9	2.9
45 to 54 years	7,508	0.3	70.6	3.0	25.0	11.1	3.9
55 to 64 years	9,974	5.8	60.6	0.4	25.6	15.5	3.7
65 years and over	9,919	27.9	25.7	(5)-	25.9	23.6	5.9
Sex
Men	17,201	7.9	46.0	10.9	26.8	15.0	3.7
Women	20,990	9.8	47.1	12.4	22.2	15.5	4.6
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(6)
White	31,441	9.8	46.6	11.1	24.6	14.7	4.2
Black or African American	4,692	6.5	43.4	15.0	23.6	17.6	4.2
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	3,544	7.5	45.6	13.3	22.5	17.0	2.0
Employment status
Employed	23,569	3.0	53.5	14.8	25.3	11.9	3.6
Full-time workers	18,386	1.7	56.8	15.1	25.0	10.9	3.8
Part-time workers	5,183	7.9	42.0	13.9	26.3	15.3	3.0
Not employed	14,622	18.4	35.4	6.7	22.7	20.7	5.1
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
High school graduates, no college	9,431	11.9	45.0	8.6	21.9	17.5	4.6
Some college or associate degree	8,216	9.0	46.4	7.2	29.0	15.5	5.0
Bachelor's degree and higher	16,689	7.2	55.5	7.5	23.6	13.8	4.2
Parent of household children under 18 years
Parent of one or more household children	7,616	0.3	55.3	15.1	28.6	12.3	3.1
Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger	5,115	0.5	59.3	8.7	27.2	13.1	3.5
Parent of a household child under age 6	2,501	(5)-	(4)-	28.1	31.7	10.5	2.1
Not a parent of a household child	30,576	11.1	44.4	10.9	23.2	16.0	4.5
Marital status
No spouse or unmarried partner present in household	14,080	1.8	48.4	18.7	19.0	17.8	5.1
Spouse or unmarried partner present in household	24,111	13.1	45.6	7.7	27.4	13.8	3.6
Footnotes (1) Categories sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers cared for multiple people with whom they had different relationships. (2) Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information. (3) Refers only to people caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. People caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are included in the category "Another related person." (4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (5) Estimate is approximately zero. (6) Not all race categories are shown. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for people who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to people 15 years and over.

Table 4. Percent of eldercare providers who provided care on an average day and time spent providing this care by day of week and selected characteristics, averages for the combined years 2023-2024

Characteristic	Number of eldercare providers (in thousands)	Percent of eldercare providers who provided care on an average day			Average hours per day eldercare providers spent providing care			Average hours per day eldercare providers spent providing care on days they engaged in eldercare
		Total, all days	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays	Total, all days	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays	Total, all days	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays
Age
Total, 15 years and over	38,192	27.6	25.8	31.8	1.07	1.06	1.10	3.88	4.10	3.47
15 to 24 years	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-
25 to 34 years	3,376	16.3	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	0.19	(1)-	2.08	1.49	(1)-
35 to 44 years	4,982	19.8	16.0	28.2	0.75	0.65	0.96	3.78	4.08	3.41
45 to 54 years	7,508	24.0	23.5	25.0	0.52	0.46	0.65	2.16	1.95	2.61
55 to 64 years	9,974	30.4	29.2	33.0	1.25	1.38	0.95	4.11	4.74	2.88
65 years and over	9,919	39.5	37.5	44.7	1.95	1.90	2.08	4.93	5.07	4.64
Sex
Men	17,201	25.6	23.7	30.4	0.97	0.93	1.06	3.78	3.93	3.47
Women	20,990	29.3	27.7	32.8	1.16	1.17	1.14	3.95	4.22	3.47
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(2)
White	31,441	27.0	25.1	31.5	1.11	1.11	1.13	4.11	4.40	3.58
Black or African American	4,692	27.0	24.5	(1)-	0.80	0.70	(1)-	2.97	2.87	3.15
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	3,544	26.1	(1)-	26.9	1.50	(1)-	1.19	5.74	6.45	4.43
Employment status
Employed	23,569	21.3	19.2	26.2	0.61	0.55	0.73	2.84	2.87	2.79
Full-time workers	18,386	20.4	18.3	25.1	0.57	0.54	0.63	2.81	2.98	2.52
Part-time workers	5,183	24.8	22.4	30.0	0.73	0.57	1.08	2.93	2.53	3.60
Not employed	14,622	37.8	36.4	41.2	1.82	1.86	1.73	4.83	5.12	4.20
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	5.00	6.74	2.32
High school graduates, no college	9,431	34.3	32.6	39.3	1.47	1.44	1.53	4.27	4.43	3.89
Some college or associate degree	8,216	27.4	26.6	29.0	1.28	1.32	1.19	4.67	4.98	4.09
Bachelor's degree and higher	16,689	25.5	23.0	31.2	0.81	0.73	0.99	3.18	3.17	3.18
Parent of household children under 18 years
Parent of one or more household children	7,616	17.8	15.9	22.1	0.44	0.40	0.52	2.44	2.50	2.36
Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger	5,115	19.0	18.3	20.6	0.36	(1)-	0.43	1.88	1.77	2.08
Parent of a household child under age 6	2,501	15.4	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-
Not a parent of a household child	30,576	30.1	28.3	34.3	1.23	1.22	1.25	4.09	4.32	3.66
Marital status
No spouse or unmarried partner present in household	14,080	30.0	27.4	36.4	1.00	0.97	1.08	3.33	3.52	2.97
Spouse or unmarried partner present in household	24,111	26.2	24.9	29.2	1.11	1.11	1.12	4.25	4.47	3.82
Number of care recipients
Caring for one person	27,414	29.2	27.6	33.1	1.23	1.23	1.25	4.21	4.45	3.76
Caring for two people	8,877	22.5	19.9	28.1	0.57	0.54	0.64	2.55	2.72	2.29
Caring for three or more people	1,901	28.6	(1)-	(1)-	1.09	(1)-	(1)-	3.82	3.61	(1)-
Relationship to care recipient(3)
Eldercare providers caring for one person only	27,414	29.2	27.6	33.1	1.23	1.23	1.25	4.21	4.45	3.76
Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner(4)	3,026	74.4	72.3	79.7	4.57	4.55	4.60	6.13	6.30	5.77
Caring for a parent	11,652	29.6	27.5	34.5	1.09	1.09	1.11	3.69	3.95	3.23
Caring for a grandparent(5)	3,182	11.2	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	2.07	(1)-	(1)-
Caring for another related person	5,232	22.7	21.9	24.5	0.77	(1)-	(1)-	3.39	(1)-	3.27
Caring for a friend or neighbor	3,536	15.5	16.9	11.3	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	2.42
Age of care recipient
Eldercare providers caring for one person only	27,414	29.2	27.6	33.1	1.23	1.23	1.25	4.21	4.45	3.76
Caring for someone age 65 to 69	2,867	31.6	(1)-	(1)-	1.80	1.87	1.59	5.70	7.10	3.45
Caring for someone age 70 to 74	4,784	28.7	28.7	28.7	1.32	1.40	1.13	4.61	4.87	3.95
Caring for someone age 75 to 79	4,805	26.4	25.6	28.2	1.05	1.03	1.10	3.97	4.00	3.90
Caring for someone age 80 to 84	5,341	31.9	33.7	28.5	1.32	1.61	0.74	4.13	4.79	2.60
Caring for someone age 85 or older	9,617	28.8	25.2	37.0	1.06	0.83	1.58	3.69	3.31	4.28
Care of household or nonhousehold members(3)
Provided eldercare to household member(s) only	7,363	63.7	60.9	70.1	3.24	3.21	3.31	5.08	5.27	4.72
Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s) only	30,065	18.4	17.0	21.7	0.53	0.53	0.54	2.90	3.13	2.49
Frequency of care(6)
Provided care daily	9,439	65.9	64.3	69.2	3.28	3.42	2.99	4.98	5.33	4.32
Provided care several times a week	10,278	27.1	26.0	30.2	0.61	0.58	0.68	2.24	2.23	2.26
Provided care once a week	6,135	12.1	11.0	14.7	(1)-	(1)-	0.27	2.48	(1)-	1.83
Provided care several times a month	6,557	8.2	6.3	13.1	0.17	0.13	0.27	2.03	(1)-	2.05
Provided care once a month	4,081	3.5	2.0	6.5	0.08	(1)-	0.16	2.19	(1)-	2.54
Duration of care(7)
Provided care for less than 1 year	8,649	27.5	26.4	30.1	0.94	0.91	0.99	3.41	3.47	3.29
Provided care for 1 to 2 years	10,457	22.3	20.9	25.8	0.86	0.90	0.78	3.86	4.30	3.00
Provided care for 3 to 4 years	6,528	27.0	27.6	26.0	1.05	1.14	0.86	3.87	4.14	3.31
Provided care for 5 to 9 years	7,207	29.2	25.0	39.6	1.12	1.03	1.35	3.83	4.10	3.40
Provided care for 10 years or more	5,350	36.9	33.8	44.6	1.67	1.55	1.98	4.53	4.57	4.44
Footnotes (1) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (2) Not all race categories are shown. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. (3) Not all categories are shown. (4) Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information. (5) Refers only to people caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. People caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are included in the category "Caring for another related person." (6) Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by frequency of care. Corresponding time and percent estimates were measured using information about care provided on the diary day. Not all categories are shown. (7) For people who provided eldercare to more than one person, the duration of care is calculated based on the person for whom they had cared the longest.
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for people who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to people 15 years and over.

Table 5. Time spent providing eldercare and percent of eldercare providers engaging in caregiving by sex and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2023-2024

Caregiving activity	Eldercare providers
	Percent distribution of time spent in selected eldercare activities			On days they provided care
	Total	Men	Women	Percent who engaged in caregiving activity(1)			Average hours spent providing care
				Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over	100.0	100.0	100.0	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	3.88	3.78	3.95
Eating and drinking	8.1	9.4	7.3	29.1	28.4	29.6	0.32	0.35	0.29
Household activities	22.9	22.5	23.2	42.1	41.4	42.5	0.89	0.85	0.92
Housework	6.1	2.9	8.3	15.1	11.9	17.4	0.24	0.11	0.33
Food preparation and cleanup	10.7	10.6	10.7	32.7	29.7	34.9	0.41	0.40	0.42
Lawn and garden care	2.6	4.6	1.3	4.5	7.4	2.4	0.10	0.17	0.05
Household management	1.0	0.7	1.3	5.7	3.7	7.0	0.04	0.02	0.05
Purchasing goods and services	3.5	2.6	4.1	14.0	12.4	15.2	0.14	0.10	0.16
Caring for and helping household members	9.0	6.7	10.6	20.9	15.7	24.7	0.35	0.25	0.42
Caring for household adults	7.8	5.9	9.2	19.0	13.3	23.1	0.30	0.22	0.36
Physical care for household adults	4.5	2.7	5.8	13.1	7.6	17.0	0.18	0.10	0.23
Providing medical care to household adults	1.4	2.1	1.0	6.9	5.3	8.0	0.06	0.08	0.04
Helping household adults	0.5	0.4	0.6	3.1	3.6	2.8	0.02	0.01	0.02
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	8.8	7.9	9.5	22.9	21.5	23.9	0.34	0.30	0.37
Caring for nonhousehold adults	3.8	2.2	4.9	10.1	6.5	12.6	0.15	0.08	0.19
Physical care for nonhousehold adults	2.0	1.5	2.3	4.4	3.6	4.9	0.08	0.06	0.09
Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults	0.4	0.3	0.4	2.6	1.8	3.2	0.01	(2)-	0.02
Helping nonhousehold adults	4.9	5.5	4.4	16.0	16.2	16.0	0.19	0.21	0.18
Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults	2.2	2.0	2.3	6.7	5.1	7.8	0.08	0.08	0.09
House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults	1.0	1.2	0.8	1.9	3.2	1.1	0.04	0.05	(2)-
Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults	0.3	0.3	0.3	4.5	4.4	4.5	0.01	0.01	0.01
Working and work-related activities	4.5	9.4	1.2	2.7	4.9	1.1	0.18	(2)-	(2)-
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	1.6	0.7	2.2	4.0	2.0	5.5	0.06	0.03	0.09
Leisure and sports	33.7	35.0	32.8	38.5	31.4	43.6	1.31	1.32	1.30
Socializing and communicating	10.5	8.5	11.9	22.0	14.8	27.3	0.41	0.32	0.47
Watching TV	17.5	21.8	14.5	17.0	17.6	16.6	0.68	0.82	0.57
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.6	0.6	0.6	3.2	2.2	3.8	0.02	(2)-	0.02
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	1.7	0.7	2.3	6.1	2.8	8.5	0.06	0.03	0.09
Traveling	5.2	4.8	5.5	26.5	24.2	28.2	0.20	0.18	0.22
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.9	0.4	1.2	4.4	2.5	5.9	0.03	0.01	0.05
Footnotes (1) Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care. (2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for people who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to people 15 years and over.

Table 6. Time spent providing eldercare and percent of eldercare providers engaging in caregiving by day of week and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2023-2024

Caregiving activity	Eldercare providers
	Percent distribution of time spent in selected eldercare activities			On days they provided care
	Total	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays	Percent who engaged in caregiving activity(1)			Average hours spent providing care
				Total	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays	Total	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays
Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over	100.0	100.0	100.0	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	3.88	4.10	3.47
Eating and drinking	8.1	7.8	8.9	29.1	31.5	24.6	0.32	0.32	0.31
Household activities	22.9	22.9	23.0	42.1	41.7	42.8	0.89	0.94	0.80
Housework	6.1	6.4	5.6	15.1	15.4	14.5	0.24	0.26	0.19
Food preparation and cleanup	10.7	9.9	12.5	32.7	31.9	34.3	0.41	0.40	0.43
Lawn and garden care	2.6	2.9	2.0	4.5	5.7	2.1	0.10	0.12	(2)-
Household management	1.0	1.2	0.7	5.7	6.4	4.3	0.04	0.05	0.02
Purchasing goods and services	3.5	4.0	2.5	14.0	15.8	10.6	0.14	0.16	0.09
Caring for and helping household members	9.0	9.5	7.9	20.9	22.6	17.8	0.35	0.39	0.27
Caring for household adults	7.8	8.5	6.4	19.0	20.6	15.9	0.30	0.35	0.22
Physical care for household adults	4.5	4.1	5.4	13.1	13.0	13.3	0.18	0.17	0.19
Providing medical care to household adults	1.4	1.9	0.5	6.9	7.7	5.2	0.06	0.08	0.02
Helping household adults	0.5	0.7	0.1	3.1	4.0	1.4	0.02	0.03	(2)-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	8.8	8.5	9.6	22.9	23.1	22.4	0.34	0.35	0.33
Caring for nonhousehold adults	3.8	3.7	4.2	10.1	11.4	7.5	0.15	0.15	0.15
Physical care for nonhousehold adults	2.0	1.4	3.3	4.4	4.2	4.6	0.08	0.06	0.11
Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults	0.4	0.3	0.5	2.6	2.2	3.4	0.01	(2)-	0.02
Helping nonhousehold adults	4.9	4.7	5.3	16.0	16.5	15.2	0.19	0.19	0.18
Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults	2.2	2.2	2.0	6.7	7.6	5.0	0.08	0.09	0.07
House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.9	1.9	2.1	0.04	(2)-	0.03
Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults	0.3	0.2	0.4	4.5	4.5	4.5	0.01	0.01	0.01
Working and work-related activities	4.5	5.3	2.7	2.7	2.9	2.2	0.18	0.22	(2)-
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	1.6	1.4	2.2	4.0	3.7	4.6	0.06	0.06	0.08
Leisure and sports	33.7	32.1	37.2	38.5	39.5	36.7	1.31	1.32	1.29
Socializing and communicating	10.5	9.3	13.2	22.0	22.5	21.2	0.41	0.38	0.46
Watching TV	17.5	16.9	18.8	17.0	17.3	16.4	0.68	0.69	0.65
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.6	0.7	0.3	3.2	4.1	1.4	0.02	0.03	(2)-
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	1.7	2.1	0.6	6.1	7.7	3.2	0.06	0.09	0.02
Traveling	5.2	5.6	4.5	26.5	30.1	19.8	0.20	0.23	0.15
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.9	0.8	1.0	4.4	4.5	4.4	0.03	0.03	0.03
Footnotes (1) Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care. (2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for people who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to people 15 years and over.

Table 7. Percent of eldercare providers and time spent in caregiving on days they provided care by frequency of care and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2023-2024

Caregiving activity	Percent of eldercare providers who engaged in caregiving activities, on days they provided care(1)				Average hours per day eldercare providers spent providing care on days they engaged in eldercare
	Total	Frequency of care(2)			Total	Frequency of care(2)
		Daily	Several times per week	Once a week or less		Daily	Several times per week	Once a week or less
Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	3.88	4.98	2.24	2.28
Eating and drinking	29.1	37.9	18.3	10.6	0.32	0.45	0.13	0.09
Household activities	42.1	54.8	25.8	(3)-	0.89	1.29	0.39	0.17
Housework	15.1	21.0	8.4	2.5	0.24	0.35	0.09	(3)-
Food preparation and cleanup	32.7	45.5	16.7	9.9	0.41	0.59	0.19	0.07
Lawn and garden care	4.5	5.2	4.4	1.6	0.10	0.13	(3)-	(3)-
Household management	5.7	8.4	0.9	2.6	0.04	0.07	(3)-	(3)-
Purchasing goods and services	14.0	15.4	11.6	12.8	0.14	0.16	0.10	0.09
Caring for and helping household members	20.9	32.3	4.4	5.7	0.35	0.55	(3)-	(3)-
Caring for household adults	19.0	29.8	3.7	3.5	0.30	0.49	(3)-	(3)-
Physical care for household adults	13.1	22.1	0.3	(4)-	0.18	0.30	(3)-	(3)-
Providing medical care to household adults	6.9	11.2	0.9	(4)-	0.06	0.09	(3)-	(3)-
Helping household adults	3.1	5.3	(4)-	(4)-	0.02	0.03	(3)-	(3)-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	22.9	12.4	39.6	(3)-	0.34	0.23	0.58	0.39
Caring for nonhousehold adults	10.1	6.8	17.6	7.8	0.15	0.10	0.30	0.08
Physical care for nonhousehold adults	4.4	3.7	5.6	4.0	0.08	0.06	0.15	(3)-
Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults	2.6	1.3	5.9	0.8	0.01	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-
Helping nonhousehold adults	16.0	6.8	29.3	(3)-	0.19	0.12	0.28	(3)-
Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults	6.7	3.5	12.8	8.4	0.08	0.05	0.13	(3)-
House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults	1.9	0.5	3.5	5.4	0.04	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-
Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults	4.5	0.9	9.3	8.8	0.01	(3)-	0.02	0.02
Working and work-related activities	2.7	1.6	4.0	5.1	0.18	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	4.0	3.5	4.6	5.1	0.06	0.07	0.05	(3)-
Leisure and sports	38.5	42.8	33.8	(3)-	1.31	1.79	0.57	0.61
Socializing and communicating	22.0	20.1	25.6	(3)-	0.41	0.39	0.42	0.49
Watching TV	17.0	25.0	5.9	3.3	0.68	1.06	0.11	(3)-
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	3.2	3.9	1.2	3.0	0.02	0.03	(3)-	(3)-
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	6.1	7.2	6.3	0.9	0.06	0.09	0.03	(3)-
Traveling	26.5	26.9	24.5	(3)-	0.20	0.21	0.16	0.19
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	4.4	5.5	1.7	5.8	0.03	0.05	(3)-	(3)-
Footnotes (1) Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care. (2) Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by frequency of care. (3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (4) Estimate is approximately zero.
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for people who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to people 15 years and over.

Table 8. Percent of eldercare providers who cared for one person only by age of eldercare recipient and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2023-2024

Caregiving activity	Percent of eldercare providers who cared for one person only, on days they provided care(1)
	Total	Age of care recipient
		65 to 74	75 to 84	85 or older
Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-	(1)-
Eating and drinking	33.0	38.0	30.2	31.8
Household activities	43.9	(2)-	47.9	34.7
Housework	16.6	18.1	20.2	11.5
Food preparation and cleanup	33.9	37.2	38.2	26.5
Lawn and garden care	5.0	10.5	4.4	1.2
Household management	6.6	8.4	6.7	5.0
Purchasing goods and services	15.1	14.8	15.7	14.6
Caring for and helping household members	24.2	25.4	26.3	20.8
Caring for household adults	21.9	22.2	23.4	19.9
Physical care for household adults	16.0	15.3	17.9	14.6
Providing medical care to household adults	8.4	10.3	9.4	5.8
Helping household adults	3.8	5.2	4.0	2.3
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	20.1	13.1	20.7	25.4
Caring for nonhousehold adults	9.1	4.3	9.6	12.6
Physical care for nonhousehold adults	4.3	0.9	4.6	6.9
Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults	2.0	1.3	0.5	4.1
Helping nonhousehold adults	13.5	9.0	13.0	17.8
Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults	4.8	1.3	6.9	5.4
House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults	1.8	3.2	0.6	2.0
Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults	4.5	1.9	3.9	7.2
Working and work-related activities	2.5	3.2	1.0	3.4
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	4.1	7.3	4.0	1.6
Leisure and sports	41.7	(2)-	40.8	45.1
Socializing and communicating	22.9	14.2	20.5	32.7
Watching TV	20.0	27.6	21.2	12.5
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	3.7	2.7	5.3	2.8
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	6.3	5.0	7.7	5.7
Traveling	28.7	23.9	31.1	30.1
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	3.2	1.5	5.2	2.3
Footnotes (1) Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care. (2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for people who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to people 15 years and over.

Table 9. Number and percent of eldercare providers who were parents of household children under age 18 by sex and selected characteristics, averages for the combined years 2023-2024 [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Eldercare providers with children under age 18 living at home
	Total		Men		Women
	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Parent of household children under 18 years
Total, parent of one or more household children	7,616	100.0	3,699	100.0	3,917	100.0
Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger	5,115	67.2	2,374	64.2	2,741	70.0
Parent of a household child under age 6	2,501	32.8	1,325	35.8	1,176	30.0
Employment status
Employed	6,546	86.0	3,359	90.8	3,186	81.3
Full-time workers	5,482	72.0	3,114	84.2	2,368	60.4
Part-time workers	1,064	14.0	245	6.6	819	20.9
Not employed	1,070	14.0	339	9.2	731	18.7
Marital status
No spouse or unmarried partner present in household	1,034	13.6	236	6.4	798	20.4
Spouse or unmarried partner present in household	6,582	86.4	3,463	93.6	3,119	79.6
Number of care recipients
Caring for one person	4,729	62.1	2,159	58.4	2,571	65.6
Caring for two people	2,301	30.2	1,254	33.9	1,047	26.7
Caring for three or more people	585	7.7	286	7.7	299	7.6
Relationship to care recipient
Total, all eldercare providers	7,616	(1)-	3,699	(1)-	3,917	(1)-
Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner(2)	23	0.3	(3)-	(4)-	23	0.6
Caring for a parent	4,209	55.3	2,093	56.6	2,116	54.0
Caring for a grandparent(5)	1,148	15.1	441	11.9	707	18.0
Caring for another related person	2,182	28.6	1,146	31.0	1,036	26.4
Caring for a friend or neighbor	934	12.3	507	13.7	426	10.9
Caring for someone else	232	3.1	47	1.3	186	4.7
Age of care recipient
Total, all eldercare providers	7,616	(1)-	3,699	(1)-	3,917	(1)-
Caring for someone age 65 to 69	1,460	19.2	524	14.2	936	23.9
Caring for someone age 70 to 74	2,137	28.1	940	25.4	1,197	30.6
Caring for someone age 75 to 79	2,098	27.5	1,129	30.5	969	24.7
Caring for someone age 80 to 84	1,989	26.1	1,056	28.5	933	23.8
Caring for someone age 85 or older	1,591	20.9	824	22.3	767	19.6
Care of household or nonhousehold members(6)
Provided eldercare to household member(s) only	549	7.2	251	6.8	298	7.6
Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s) only	6,906	90.7	3,319	89.7	3,587	91.6
Frequency of care(7)
Provided care daily	1,183	15.5	637	17.2	546	13.9
Provided care several times a week	2,088	27.4	928	25.1	1,159	29.6
Provided care once a week	1,299	17.1	654	17.7	645	16.5
Provided care several times a month	1,629	21.4	816	22.1	813	20.8
Provided care once a month	984	12.9	487	13.2	497	12.7
Other	433	5.7	176	4.8	256	6.5
Duration of care(8)
Provided care for less than 1 year	1,946	25.6	809	21.9	1,137	29.0
Provided care for 1 to 2 years	2,109	27.7	956	25.8	1,153	29.4
Provided care for 3 to 4 years	1,420	18.7	766	20.7	654	16.7
Provided care for 5 to 9 years	1,167	15.3	641	17.3	526	13.4
Provided care for 10 years or more	974	12.8	527	14.3	447	11.4
Footnotes (1) Categories sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers cared for more than one person. (2) Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information. (3) Estimate is less than 0.05 percent of the population. (4) Estimate is approximately zero. (5) Refers only to people caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. People caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are included in the category "Caring for another related person." (6) Not all categories are shown. (7) Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by frequency of care. (8) For people who provided eldercare to more than 1 person, the duration of care is calculated based on the person for whom they had cared the longest.
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for people who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to people 15 years and over.