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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-21-0002 8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 8, 2021 Technical information: Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ces Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- DECEMBER 2020 Total nonfarm payroll employment declined by 140,000 in December, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 6.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The decline in payroll employment reflects the recent increase in coronavirus (COVID-19) cases and efforts to contain the pandemic. In December, job losses in leisure and hospitality and in private education were partially offset by gains in professional and business services, retail trade, and construction. This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. _______________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data | | | | Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal | | adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally | | adjusted estimates back to January 2016 were subject to revision. The unemployment | | rates for January 2020 through November 2020 (as originally published and as revised) | | appear in table A at the end of this news release, along with additional information | | about the revisions. | |_______________________________________________________________________________________| Household Survey Data In December, both the unemployment rate, at 6.7 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 10.7 million, were unchanged. Although both measures are much lower than their April highs, they are nearly twice their pre-pandemic levels in February (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, respectively). (See table A-1. For more information about how the household survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note at the end of this news release.) Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for teenagers (16.0 percent) and Hispanics (9.3 percent) increased in December. The jobless rates for adult men (6.4 percent), adult women (6.3 percent), Whites (6.0 percent), Blacks (9.9 percent), and Asians (5.9 percent) showed little change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff increased by 277,000 in December to 3.0 million. This measure is down considerably from the high of 18.0 million in April but is 2.3 million higher than in February. The number of permanent job losers declined by 348,000 to 3.4 million in December but is up by 2.1 million since February. The number of unemployed reentrants increased by 282,000 to 2.3 million over the month, 452,000 higher than in February. (See table A-11.) In December, the number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks increased by 449,000 to 2.9 million, while the number of persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks declined by 303,000 to 1.6 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 4.0 million, was essentially unchanged in December but has increased by 2.8 million since February. The number of those jobless for 27 weeks or more accounted for 37.1 percent of total unemployed in December. (See table A-12.) The labor force participation rate and the employment-population ratio were both unchanged over the month, at 61.5 percent and 57.4 percent, respectively. These measures are up from their recent April lows but are lower than in February by 1.8 percentage points and 3.7 percentage points, respectively. (See table A-1.) The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 6.2 million, decreased by 471,000 over the month. This measure is down from its April high of 10.9 million but is 1.8 million higher than the February level. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) In December, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 7.3 million, was little changed over the month but is 2.3 million higher than in February. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally attached to the labor force, at 2.2 million, changed little in December but is up by 749,000 since February. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was essentially unchanged at 663,000 in December but is up by 262,000 since February. (See Summary table A.) Household Survey Supplemental Data In December, 23.7 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, up from 21.8 percent in November. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic. In December, 15.8 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is 1.0 million higher than in November. Among those who reported in December that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 12.8 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, little changed from November. Among those not in the labor force in December, 4.6 million persons were prevented from looking for work due to the pandemic. This measure is up from 3.9 million in November. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment declined by 140,000 in December. Employment declines in leisure and hospitality, private education, and government were partially offset by gains in professional and business services, retail trade, construction, and transportation and warehousing. In December, nonfarm employment was below its February level by 9.8 million, or 6.5 percent. (See table B-1. For more information about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note at the end of this news release.) In December, employment in leisure and hospitality declined by 498,000, with three- quarters of the decrease in food services and drinking places (-372,000). Employment also fell in the amusements, gambling, and recreation industry (-92,000) and in the accommodation industry (-24,000). Since February, employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 3.9 million, or 23.2 percent. Employment in private education decreased by 63,000 in December. Employment in the industry is down by 450,000 since February. Government employment declined by 45,000 in December. Employment in the component of local government that excludes education declined by 32,000, and state government education lost 20,000 jobs. Federal government employment increased by 6,000. Since February, government employment overall is down by 1.3 million. Other services lost 22,000 jobs in December, with over half of the loss in personal and laundry services (-12,000). Employment in the other services industry is down by 453,000 since February. In December, employment in professional and business services increased by 161,000, with a large gain in temporary help services (+68,000). Job growth also occurred in computer systems design and related services (+20,000), other professional and technical services (+11,000), management of companies and enterprises (+11,000), and business support services (+7,000). Employment in professional and business services is down by 858,000 since February. Retail trade added 121,000 jobs in December, with nearly half of the growth occurring in the component of general merchandise stores that includes warehouse clubs and supercenters (+59,000). Job gains also occurred in nonstore retailers (+14,000), automobile dealers (+13,000), health and personal care stores (+10,000), and food and beverage stores (+8,000). Employment in retail trade is 411,000 lower than in February. Construction added 51,000 jobs in December, but employment in the industry is 226,000 below its February level. In December, employment rose in residential specialty trade contractors (+14,000) and residential building (+9,000), two industries that have gained back the jobs lost in March and April. In December, employment also increased in nonresidential specialty trade contractors (+18,000) and in heavy and civil engineering construction (+15,000). Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 47,000 in December, largely in couriers and messengers (+37,000). While employment in transportation and warehousing overall is 89,000 lower than in February, employment in couriers and messengers has increased by 222,000 over the same period. In December, employment also grew in warehousing and storage (+8,000) and in truck transportation (+7,000), while transit and ground passenger transportation lost 9,000 jobs. In December, health care added 39,000 jobs. Employment growth in hospitals (+32,000) and ambulatory health care services (+21,000) was partially offset by declines in nursing care facilities (-6,000) and community care facilities for the elderly (-5,000). Health care employment is 502,000 lower than in February. In December, manufacturing employment increased by 38,000, with gains in motor vehicles and parts (+7,000), plastics and rubber products (+7,000), and nonmetallic mineral products (+6,000). By contrast, miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing lost 11,000 jobs over the month. Despite gains over the past 8 months, employment in manufacturing is 543,000 below its February level. Wholesale trade employment rose by 25,000 in December but is down by 251,000 since February. In December, job gains occurred in durable goods (+11,000) and nondurable goods (+11,000). In December, employment changed little in other major industries, including mining, information, and financial activities. In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 23 cents to $29.81. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 20 cents to $25.09. These increases largely reflect the disproportionate number of lower-paid workers in leisure and hospitality who went off payrolls, which put upward pressure on the average hourly earnings estimates. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1 hour to 34.7 hours in December. In manufacturing, the workweek was unchanged at 40.2 hours, and overtime increased by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.2 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised up by 44,000, from +610,000 to +654,000, and the change for November was revised up by 91,000, from +245,000 to +336,000. With these revisions, employment in October and November combined was 135,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) _____________ The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 5, 2021, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). _______________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on December 2020 | | Establishment and Household Survey Data | | | | Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. | | In the establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the establishments are | | assigned to four regional data collection centers for collection. Although these | | centers were closed, interviewers at these centers worked remotely to collect data by | | telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged businesses to report electronically. The | | collection rate for the establishment survey was 76 percent in December, about the | | same as the average for the 12 months ending in February 2020. The household survey | | is generally conducted through in-person and telephone interviews. However, for the | | safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only | | when telephone interviews could not be done. The household survey response rate was | | 77 percent in December, considerably higher than the low of 65 percent in June but | | below the average of 83 percent for the 12 months ending in February 2020. | | | | In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any | | part of the pay period including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even | | if they were not actually at their jobs. Workers who are temporarily or permanently | | absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not counted as employed, even if | | they continue to receive benefits. | | | | In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not | | in the labor force based on their answers to a series of questions about their | | activities during the survey reference week (December 6th through December 12th). | | Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire survey reference week | | and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be classified as unemployed on | | temporary layoff. As in recent months, a large number of persons were classified as | | unemployed on temporary layoff in December. | | | | Since March, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify employed | | persons absent from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related business closures or | | cutbacks as unemployed on temporary layoff. As in earlier months, some workers | | affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as unemployed on temporary | | layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at work. However, the share of | | responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early months of the | | pandemic and has been considerably lower in recent months. | | | | For March through November, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment rate | | would have been had misclassified workers been included among the unemployed. | | Repeating this same approach, the overall December unemployment rate would have been | | 0.6 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents the upper bound | | of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the | | misclassification error. | | | | According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as | | recorded. To maintain data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify | | survey responses. | | | | More information is available at | | www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-december-2020.htm. | |_______________________________________________________________________________________| _______________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Data | | | | Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2021 on February | | 5, 2021, new population controls will be used in the household survey estimation | | process. These new controls reflect the annual update of intercensal population | | estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. In accordance with usual practice, historical | | data will not be revised to incorporate the new controls; consequently, household | | survey data for January 2021 will not be directly comparable with data for December | | 2020 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls on the major | | labor force series will be included in the January 2021 news release. In addition, | | the population controls for veterans, which are derived from a Department of Veterans | | Affairs population model and are updated periodically, will also be updated with the | | release of January data. | |_______________________________________________________________________________________| _______________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Upcoming Revisions to Establishment Survey Data | | | | Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2021 on February | | 5, 2021, the establishment survey will revise nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and | | earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark process and updated seasonal adjustment | | factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2019 and seasonally | | adjusted data beginning with January 2016 are subject to revision. Consistent with | | standard practice, additional historical data may be revised as a result of the | | benchmark process. | |_______________________________________________________________________________________| Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the national labor force series derived from the household survey. As a result of this process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2016 through November 2020 were subject to revision. (Not seasonally adjusted data were not subject to revision.) Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2020 through November 2020, as first published and as revised. The rates changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in 3 of the 11 months and were unchanged in the remaining 8 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series beginning in December 2019 appear in table B. More information on this year's revisions to seasonally adjusted household series is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-seas-adjustment-methodology.pdf. Detailed information on the seasonal adjustment methodology is found at www.bls.gov/cps/seasonal-adjustment-methodology.htm. Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this news release can be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted data are available at www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln/. Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2020 and changes due to revision January - November 2020 Month As First Computed As Revised Change January............. 3.6 3.5 -0.1 February............ 3.5 3.5 0.0 March............... 4.4 4.4 0.0 April............... 14.7 14.8 0.1 May................. 13.3 13.3 0.0 June................ 11.1 11.1 0.0 July................ 10.2 10.2 0.0 August.............. 8.4 8.4 0.0 September........... 7.9 7.8 -0.1 October............. 6.9 6.9 0.0 November............ 6.7 6.7 0.0
Employment status, sex, and age | 2019 | 2020 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | |
TOTAL |
|||||||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population(1) |
260,181 | 259,502 | 259,628 | 259,758 | 259,896 | 260,047 | 260,204 | 260,373 | 260,558 | 260,742 | 260,925 | 261,085 | 261,230 |
Civilian labor force |
164,579 | 164,455 | 164,448 | 162,721 | 156,478 | 158,200 | 159,797 | 160,085 | 160,818 | 160,078 | 160,718 | 160,536 | 160,567 |
Participation rate |
63.3 | 63.4 | 63.3 | 62.6 | 60.2 | 60.8 | 61.4 | 61.5 | 61.7 | 61.4 | 61.6 | 61.5 | 61.5 |
Employed |
158,735 | 158,659 | 158,732 | 155,536 | 133,370 | 137,224 | 142,100 | 143,777 | 147,276 | 147,543 | 149,669 | 149,809 | 149,830 |
Employment-population ratio |
61.0 | 61.1 | 61.1 | 59.9 | 51.3 | 52.8 | 54.6 | 55.2 | 56.5 | 56.6 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 57.4 |
Unemployed |
5,844 | 5,796 | 5,717 | 7,185 | 23,109 | 20,975 | 17,697 | 16,308 | 13,542 | 12,535 | 11,049 | 10,728 | 10,736 |
Unemployment rate |
3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 14.8 | 13.3 | 11.1 | 10.2 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.7 |
Men, 20 years and over |
|||||||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population(1) |
117,413 | 117,110 | 117,181 | 117,254 | 117,330 | 117,410 | 117,492 | 117,580 | 117,672 | 117,763 | 117,854 | 117,936 | 118,010 |
Civilian labor force |
83,996 | 83,970 | 83,930 | 83,171 | 80,490 | 81,073 | 81,922 | 81,861 | 82,461 | 82,293 | 82,505 | 82,226 | 82,244 |
Participation rate |
71.5 | 71.7 | 71.6 | 70.9 | 68.6 | 69.1 | 69.7 | 69.6 | 70.1 | 69.9 | 70.0 | 69.7 | 69.7 |
Employed |
81,373 | 81,329 | 81,235 | 79,785 | 69,975 | 71,668 | 73,605 | 74,173 | 75,903 | 76,258 | 77,013 | 76,777 | 77,004 |
Employment-population ratio |
69.3 | 69.4 | 69.3 | 68.0 | 59.6 | 61.0 | 62.6 | 63.1 | 64.5 | 64.8 | 65.3 | 65.1 | 65.3 |
Unemployed |
2,623 | 2,641 | 2,695 | 3,385 | 10,515 | 9,405 | 8,317 | 7,688 | 6,558 | 6,036 | 5,492 | 5,449 | 5,240 |
Unemployment rate |
3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 13.1 | 11.6 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 8.0 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.4 |
Women, 20 years and over |
|||||||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population(1) |
126,082 | 125,770 | 125,841 | 125,915 | 125,991 | 126,072 | 126,155 | 126,243 | 126,336 | 126,429 | 126,520 | 126,604 | 126,681 |
Civilian labor force |
74,616 | 74,502 | 74,501 | 73,657 | 70,896 | 71,548 | 72,479 | 72,866 | 72,728 | 71,865 | 72,255 | 72,395 | 72,422 |
Participation rate |
59.2 | 59.2 | 59.2 | 58.5 | 56.3 | 56.8 | 57.5 | 57.7 | 57.6 | 56.8 | 57.1 | 57.2 | 57.2 |
Employed |
72,172 | 72,099 | 72,171 | 70,691 | 59,938 | 61,630 | 64,321 | 65,270 | 66,667 | 66,328 | 67,534 | 67,941 | 67,872 |
Employment-population ratio |
57.2 | 57.3 | 57.4 | 56.1 | 47.6 | 48.9 | 51.0 | 51.7 | 52.8 | 52.5 | 53.4 | 53.7 | 53.6 |
Unemployed |
2,443 | 2,404 | 2,330 | 2,966 | 10,958 | 9,918 | 8,158 | 7,596 | 6,061 | 5,537 | 4,721 | 4,453 | 4,551 |
Unemployment rate |
3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 15.5 | 13.9 | 11.3 | 10.4 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.3 |
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years |
|||||||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population(1) |
16,686 | 16,622 | 16,606 | 16,590 | 16,574 | 16,566 | 16,557 | 16,550 | 16,550 | 16,551 | 16,551 | 16,545 | 16,538 |
Civilian labor force |
5,967 | 5,982 | 6,017 | 5,894 | 5,093 | 5,579 | 5,396 | 5,358 | 5,630 | 5,920 | 5,958 | 5,915 | 5,900 |
Participation rate |
35.8 | 36.0 | 36.2 | 35.5 | 30.7 | 33.7 | 32.6 | 32.4 | 34.0 | 35.8 | 36.0 | 35.8 | 35.7 |
Employed |
5,190 | 5,231 | 5,326 | 5,060 | 3,457 | 3,926 | 4,174 | 4,333 | 4,706 | 4,957 | 5,122 | 5,091 | 4,955 |
Employment-population ratio |
31.1 | 31.5 | 32.1 | 30.5 | 20.9 | 23.7 | 25.2 | 26.2 | 28.4 | 29.9 | 30.9 | 30.8 | 30.0 |
Unemployed |
778 | 751 | 691 | 834 | 1,636 | 1,653 | 1,222 | 1,024 | 924 | 963 | 836 | 825 | 946 |
Unemployment rate |
13.0 | 12.6 | 11.5 | 14.1 | 32.1 | 29.6 | 22.6 | 19.1 | 16.4 | 16.3 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 16.0 |
Footnotes |
|||||||||||||
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. |
Category | Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Change from: Nov. 2020- Dec. 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Employment status |
|||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
260,181 | 260,925 | 261,085 | 261,230 | 145 |
Civilian labor force |
164,579 | 160,718 | 160,536 | 160,567 | 31 |
Participation rate |
63.3 | 61.6 | 61.5 | 61.5 | 0.0 |
Employed |
158,735 | 149,669 | 149,809 | 149,830 | 21 |
Employment-population ratio |
61.0 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 0.0 |
Unemployed |
5,844 | 11,049 | 10,728 | 10,736 | 8 |
Unemployment rate |
3.6 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 0.0 |
Not in labor force |
95,602 | 100,207 | 100,548 | 100,663 | 115 |
Unemployment rates |
|||||
Total, 16 years and over |
3.6 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 0.0 |
Adult men (20 years and over) |
3.1 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.4 | -0.2 |
Adult women (20 years and over) |
3.3 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 0.1 |
Teenagers (16 to 19 years) |
13.0 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 16.0 | 2.1 |
White |
3.1 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 0.1 |
Black or African American |
6.2 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 9.9 | -0.4 |
Asian |
2.6 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 5.9 | -0.8 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
4.3 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 0.9 |
Total, 25 years and over |
2.9 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.8 | -0.2 |
Less than a high school diploma |
5.3 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 0.6 |
High school graduates, no college |
3.7 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 0.0 |
Some college or associate degree |
2.8 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 0.0 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
1.9 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 3.8 | -0.4 |
Reason for unemployment |
|||||
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs |
2,703 | 7,685 | 7,468 | 7,210 | -258 |
Job leavers |
814 | 763 | 698 | 743 | 45 |
Reentrants |
1,734 | 2,017 | 1,968 | 2,250 | 282 |
New entrants |
574 | 526 | 551 | 509 | -42 |
Duration of unemployment |
|||||
Less than 5 weeks |
2,098 | 2,494 | 2,455 | 2,904 | 449 |
5 to 14 weeks |
1,682 | 2,341 | 2,404 | 2,222 | -182 |
15 to 26 weeks |
821 | 2,651 | 1,875 | 1,572 | -303 |
27 weeks and over |
1,177 | 3,534 | 3,929 | 3,956 | 27 |
Employed persons at work part time |
|||||
Part time for economic reasons |
4,172 | 6,668 | 6,641 | 6,170 | -471 |
Slack work or business conditions |
2,634 | 5,298 | 5,223 | 4,891 | -332 |
Could only find part-time work |
1,259 | 1,135 | 1,167 | 1,045 | -122 |
Part time for noneconomic reasons |
21,649 | 19,465 | 18,580 | 18,237 | -343 |
Persons not in the labor force |
|||||
Marginally attached to the labor force |
1,233 | 1,958 | 2,083 | 2,186 | 103 |
Discouraged workers |
279 | 590 | 657 | 663 | 6 |
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Category | Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY |
||||
Total nonfarm |
184 | 654 | 336 | -140 |
Total private |
164 | 925 | 417 | -95 |
Goods-producing |
5 | 117 | 67 | 93 |
Mining and logging |
-9 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Construction |
16 | 72 | 29 | 51 |
Manufacturing |
-2 | 43 | 35 | 38 |
Durable goods(1) |
0 | 19 | 25 | 25 |
Motor vehicles and parts |
2.0 | 4.1 | 10.9 | 6.7 |
Nondurable goods |
-2 | 24 | 10 | 13 |
Private service-providing |
159 | 808 | 350 | -188 |
Wholesale trade |
6.9 | 8.7 | 11.8 | 25.1 |
Retail trade |
41.4 | 100.3 | -21.2 | 120.5 |
Transportation and warehousing |
-2.1 | 65.8 | 128.0 | 46.6 |
Utilities |
0.7 | -1.3 | -0.5 | -0.4 |
Information |
9 | -16 | 2 | -1 |
Financial activities |
10 | 30 | 16 | 12 |
Professional and business services(1) |
22 | 245 | 88 | 161 |
Temporary help services |
4.5 | 125.5 | 41.8 | 67.6 |
Education and health services(1) |
29 | 65 | 44 | -31 |
Health care and social assistance |
25.3 | 90.8 | 48.5 | 32.0 |
Leisure and hospitality |
40 | 265 | 75 | -498 |
Other services |
2 | 46 | 6 | -22 |
Government |
20 | -271 | -81 | -45 |
(3-month average change, in thousands) |
||||
Total nonfarm |
210 | 953 | 567 | 283 |
Total private |
200 | 961 | 757 | 416 |
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES |
||||
Total nonfarm women employees |
50.0 | 49.8 | 49.8 | 49.7 |
Total private women employees |
48.7 | 48.4 | 48.4 | 48.3 |
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees |
82.2 | 81.5 | 81.5 | 81.5 |
HOURS AND EARNINGS |
||||
Total private |
||||
Average weekly hours |
34.3 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 34.7 |
Average hourly earnings |
$28.37 | $29.49 | $29.58 | $29.81 |
Average weekly earnings |
$973.09 | $1,026.25 | $1,029.38 | $1,034.41 |
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3) |
111.4 | 105.6 | 106.0 | 105.6 |
Over-the-month percent change |
0.2 | 0.8 | 0.4 | -0.4 |
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4) |
151.0 | 148.9 | 149.9 | 150.5 |
Over-the-month percent change |
0.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
DIFFUSION INDEX |
||||
Total private (258 industries) |
58.1 | 74.8 | 62.8 | 61.0 |
Manufacturing (76 industries) |
50.7 | 67.1 | 61.2 | 71.1 |
Footnotes |
||||
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. |
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to- month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release. 3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently looking for work? Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private- businesses-pay-workers.htm. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather- related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity. Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Employment status, sex, and age | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted(1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Aug. 2020 |
Sept. 2020 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
TOTAL |
|||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
260,181 | 261,085 | 261,230 | 260,181 | 260,558 | 260,742 | 260,925 | 261,085 | 261,230 |
Civilian labor force |
164,007 | 160,468 | 160,017 | 164,579 | 160,818 | 160,078 | 160,718 | 160,536 | 160,567 |
Participation rate |
63.0 | 61.5 | 61.3 | 63.3 | 61.7 | 61.4 | 61.6 | 61.5 | 61.5 |
Employed |
158,504 | 150,203 | 149,613 | 158,735 | 147,276 | 147,543 | 149,669 | 149,809 | 149,830 |
Employment-population ratio |
60.9 | 57.5 | 57.3 | 61.0 | 56.5 | 56.6 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 57.4 |
Unemployed |
5,503 | 10,264 | 10,404 | 5,844 | 13,542 | 12,535 | 11,049 | 10,728 | 10,736 |
Unemployment rate |
3.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.7 |
Not in labor force |
96,174 | 100,617 | 101,213 | 95,602 | 99,740 | 100,664 | 100,207 | 100,548 | 100,663 |
Persons who currently want a job |
4,643 | 6,791 | 7,088 | 4,888 | 7,049 | 7,184 | 6,682 | 7,127 | 7,331 |
Men, 16 years and over |
|||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
125,852 | 126,296 | 126,367 | 125,852 | 126,036 | 126,127 | 126,218 | 126,296 | 126,367 |
Civilian labor force |
86,500 | 84,934 | 84,644 | 87,034 | 85,270 | 85,199 | 85,495 | 85,161 | 85,175 |
Participation rate |
68.7 | 67.2 | 67.0 | 69.2 | 67.7 | 67.6 | 67.7 | 67.4 | 67.4 |
Employed |
83,467 | 79,291 | 78,955 | 83,995 | 78,213 | 78,663 | 79,537 | 79,267 | 79,481 |
Employment-population ratio |
66.3 | 62.8 | 62.5 | 66.7 | 62.1 | 62.4 | 63.0 | 62.8 | 62.9 |
Unemployed |
3,033 | 5,643 | 5,689 | 3,039 | 7,057 | 6,537 | 5,958 | 5,894 | 5,694 |
Unemployment rate |
3.5 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 3.5 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.7 |
Not in labor force |
39,352 | 41,363 | 41,723 | 38,818 | 40,765 | 40,928 | 40,722 | 41,135 | 41,192 |
Men, 20 years and over |
|||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
117,413 | 117,936 | 118,010 | 117,413 | 117,672 | 117,763 | 117,854 | 117,936 | 118,010 |
Civilian labor force |
83,628 | 82,134 | 81,877 | 83,996 | 82,461 | 82,293 | 82,505 | 82,226 | 82,244 |
Participation rate |
71.2 | 69.6 | 69.4 | 71.5 | 70.1 | 69.9 | 70.0 | 69.7 | 69.7 |
Employed |
80,940 | 76,904 | 76,572 | 81,373 | 75,903 | 76,258 | 77,013 | 76,777 | 77,004 |
Employment-population ratio |
68.9 | 65.2 | 64.9 | 69.3 | 64.5 | 64.8 | 65.3 | 65.1 | 65.3 |
Unemployed |
2,688 | 5,230 | 5,305 | 2,623 | 6,558 | 6,036 | 5,492 | 5,449 | 5,240 |
Unemployment rate |
3.2 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 3.1 | 8.0 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.4 |
Not in labor force |
33,785 | 35,802 | 36,134 | 33,417 | 35,211 | 35,470 | 35,349 | 35,710 | 35,767 |
Women, 16 years and over |
|||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
134,329 | 134,788 | 134,862 | 134,329 | 134,523 | 134,615 | 134,707 | 134,788 | 134,862 |
Civilian labor force |
77,507 | 75,534 | 75,373 | 77,545 | 75,548 | 74,879 | 75,222 | 75,376 | 75,392 |
Participation rate |
57.7 | 56.0 | 55.9 | 57.7 | 56.2 | 55.6 | 55.8 | 55.9 | 55.9 |
Employed |
75,036 | 70,913 | 70,658 | 74,740 | 69,063 | 68,880 | 70,131 | 70,542 | 70,350 |
Employment-population ratio |
55.9 | 52.6 | 52.4 | 55.6 | 51.3 | 51.2 | 52.1 | 52.3 | 52.2 |
Unemployed |
2,471 | 4,621 | 4,715 | 2,805 | 6,485 | 5,998 | 5,091 | 4,834 | 5,042 |
Unemployment rate |
3.2 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 3.6 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.7 |
Not in labor force |
56,822 | 59,254 | 59,490 | 56,784 | 58,975 | 59,737 | 59,485 | 59,413 | 59,471 |
Women, 20 years and over |
|||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
126,082 | 126,604 | 126,681 | 126,082 | 126,336 | 126,429 | 126,520 | 126,604 | 126,681 |
Civilian labor force |
74,730 | 72,695 | 72,558 | 74,616 | 72,728 | 71,865 | 72,255 | 72,395 | 72,422 |
Participation rate |
59.3 | 57.4 | 57.3 | 59.2 | 57.6 | 56.8 | 57.1 | 57.2 | 57.2 |
Employed |
72,534 | 68,407 | 68,248 | 72,172 | 66,667 | 66,328 | 67,534 | 67,941 | 67,872 |
Employment-population ratio |
57.5 | 54.0 | 53.9 | 57.2 | 52.8 | 52.5 | 53.4 | 53.7 | 53.6 |
Unemployed |
2,196 | 4,289 | 4,309 | 2,443 | 6,061 | 5,537 | 4,721 | 4,453 | 4,551 |
Unemployment rate |
2.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 3.3 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.3 |
Not in labor force |
51,352 | 53,909 | 54,124 | 51,466 | 53,608 | 54,563 | 54,265 | 54,209 | 54,259 |
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years |
|||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
16,686 | 16,545 | 16,538 | 16,686 | 16,550 | 16,551 | 16,551 | 16,545 | 16,538 |
Civilian labor force |
5,649 | 5,639 | 5,582 | 5,967 | 5,630 | 5,920 | 5,958 | 5,915 | 5,900 |
Participation rate |
33.9 | 34.1 | 33.8 | 35.8 | 34.0 | 35.8 | 36.0 | 35.8 | 35.7 |
Employed |
5,029 | 4,893 | 4,793 | 5,190 | 4,706 | 4,957 | 5,122 | 5,091 | 4,955 |
Employment-population ratio |
30.1 | 29.6 | 29.0 | 31.1 | 28.4 | 29.9 | 30.9 | 30.8 | 30.0 |
Unemployed |
619 | 745 | 789 | 778 | 924 | 963 | 836 | 825 | 946 |
Unemployment rate |
11.0 | 13.2 | 14.1 | 13.0 | 16.4 | 16.3 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 16.0 |
Not in labor force |
11,038 | 10,906 | 10,956 | 10,719 | 10,920 | 10,631 | 10,593 | 10,630 | 10,638 |
Footnotes |
|||||||||
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Employment status, race, sex, and age | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted(1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Aug. 2020 |
Sept. 2020 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
WHITE |
|||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
201,326 | 201,685 | 201,749 | 201,326 | 201,417 | 201,515 | 201,610 | 201,685 | 201,749 |
Civilian labor force |
126,758 | 124,065 | 123,828 | 127,160 | 124,512 | 124,202 | 124,672 | 124,038 | 124,208 |
Participation rate |
63.0 | 61.5 | 61.4 | 63.2 | 61.8 | 61.6 | 61.8 | 61.5 | 61.6 |
Employed |
122,919 | 117,041 | 116,479 | 123,164 | 115,342 | 115,510 | 117,146 | 116,665 | 116,703 |
Employment-population ratio |
61.1 | 58.0 | 57.7 | 61.2 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 58.1 | 57.8 | 57.8 |
Unemployed |
3,839 | 7,024 | 7,348 | 3,997 | 9,170 | 8,691 | 7,525 | 7,373 | 7,505 |
Unemployment rate |
3.0 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 3.1 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.0 |
Not in labor force |
74,568 | 77,620 | 77,921 | 74,166 | 76,906 | 77,313 | 76,939 | 77,647 | 77,541 |
Men, 20 years and over |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
65,827 | 64,598 | 64,407 | 66,022 | 64,946 | 65,001 | 65,123 | 64,648 | 64,593 |
Participation rate |
71.4 | 69.8 | 69.6 | 71.6 | 70.3 | 70.4 | 70.4 | 69.9 | 69.8 |
Employed |
63,897 | 60,953 | 60,561 | 64,219 | 60,459 | 60,780 | 61,314 | 60,844 | 60,872 |
Employment-population ratio |
69.3 | 65.9 | 65.5 | 69.6 | 65.5 | 65.8 | 66.3 | 65.8 | 65.8 |
Unemployed |
1,930 | 3,645 | 3,847 | 1,803 | 4,487 | 4,220 | 3,808 | 3,804 | 3,721 |
Unemployment rate |
2.9 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.8 |
Women, 20 years and over |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
56,509 | 55,014 | 55,048 | 56,454 | 55,140 | 54,568 | 54,866 | 54,717 | 54,980 |
Participation rate |
58.4 | 56.7 | 56.7 | 58.3 | 56.9 | 56.3 | 56.5 | 56.4 | 56.6 |
Employed |
55,086 | 52,200 | 52,116 | 54,854 | 51,111 | 50,813 | 51,761 | 51,765 | 51,871 |
Employment-population ratio |
56.9 | 53.8 | 53.7 | 56.6 | 52.7 | 52.4 | 53.3 | 53.3 | 53.4 |
Unemployed |
1,423 | 2,814 | 2,932 | 1,600 | 4,029 | 3,755 | 3,105 | 2,953 | 3,109 |
Unemployment rate |
2.5 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 2.8 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.7 |
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
4,423 | 4,453 | 4,372 | 4,684 | 4,425 | 4,633 | 4,683 | 4,673 | 4,635 |
Participation rate |
36.2 | 36.7 | 36.1 | 38.3 | 36.5 | 38.2 | 38.6 | 38.5 | 38.2 |
Employed |
3,936 | 3,887 | 3,802 | 4,090 | 3,771 | 3,917 | 4,071 | 4,056 | 3,960 |
Employment-population ratio |
32.2 | 32.1 | 31.4 | 33.4 | 31.1 | 32.3 | 33.5 | 33.4 | 32.7 |
Unemployed |
486 | 565 | 570 | 594 | 654 | 716 | 612 | 616 | 675 |
Unemployment rate |
11.0 | 12.7 | 13.0 | 12.7 | 14.8 | 15.5 | 13.1 | 13.2 | 14.6 |
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN |
|||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
33,215 | 33,486 | 33,516 | 33,215 | 33,386 | 33,420 | 33,453 | 33,486 | 33,516 |
Civilian labor force |
20,855 | 20,166 | 19,919 | 20,989 | 20,112 | 19,942 | 20,123 | 20,165 | 20,055 |
Participation rate |
62.8 | 60.2 | 59.4 | 63.2 | 60.2 | 59.7 | 60.2 | 60.2 | 59.8 |
Employed |
19,692 | 18,184 | 18,066 | 19,687 | 17,530 | 17,558 | 17,955 | 18,087 | 18,061 |
Employment-population ratio |
59.3 | 54.3 | 53.9 | 59.3 | 52.5 | 52.5 | 53.7 | 54.0 | 53.9 |
Unemployed |
1,163 | 1,982 | 1,853 | 1,302 | 2,582 | 2,385 | 2,169 | 2,077 | 1,994 |
Unemployment rate |
5.6 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 6.2 | 12.8 | 12.0 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 9.9 |
Not in labor force |
12,360 | 13,320 | 13,597 | 12,226 | 13,274 | 13,478 | 13,330 | 13,321 | 13,461 |
Men, 20 years and over |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
9,500 | 9,197 | 9,166 | 9,555 | 9,281 | 9,124 | 9,224 | 9,217 | 9,222 |
Participation rate |
68.0 | 65.1 | 64.8 | 68.4 | 65.9 | 64.7 | 65.4 | 65.2 | 65.2 |
Employed |
8,965 | 8,217 | 8,245 | 8,988 | 8,059 | 7,975 | 8,166 | 8,184 | 8,265 |
Employment-population ratio |
64.1 | 58.2 | 58.3 | 64.3 | 57.3 | 56.6 | 57.9 | 57.9 | 58.4 |
Unemployed |
535 | 980 | 921 | 567 | 1,222 | 1,149 | 1,058 | 1,033 | 956 |
Unemployment rate |
5.6 | 10.7 | 10.0 | 5.9 | 13.2 | 12.6 | 11.5 | 11.2 | 10.4 |
Women, 20 years and over |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
10,646 | 10,295 | 10,041 | 10,693 | 10,140 | 10,093 | 10,169 | 10,242 | 10,088 |
Participation rate |
63.4 | 60.7 | 59.2 | 63.7 | 60.0 | 59.7 | 60.1 | 60.4 | 59.5 |
Employed |
10,139 | 9,395 | 9,264 | 10,111 | 8,945 | 8,999 | 9,230 | 9,320 | 9,238 |
Employment-population ratio |
60.4 | 55.4 | 54.6 | 60.2 | 52.9 | 53.2 | 54.5 | 55.0 | 54.5 |
Unemployed |
507 | 900 | 778 | 582 | 1,195 | 1,093 | 939 | 921 | 849 |
Unemployment rate |
4.8 | 8.7 | 7.7 | 5.4 | 11.8 | 10.8 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 8.4 |
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
709 | 674 | 712 | 742 | 691 | 726 | 731 | 706 | 746 |
Participation rate |
28.9 | 28.0 | 29.6 | 30.3 | 28.6 | 30.1 | 30.3 | 29.3 | 31.0 |
Employed |
588 | 572 | 557 | 588 | 525 | 584 | 559 | 583 | 558 |
Employment-population ratio |
24.0 | 23.8 | 23.2 | 24.0 | 21.8 | 24.2 | 23.2 | 24.2 | 23.2 |
Unemployed |
121 | 102 | 154 | 154 | 166 | 142 | 172 | 123 | 188 |
Unemployment rate |
17.1 | 15.1 | 21.7 | 20.7 | 24.0 | 19.6 | 23.5 | 17.4 | 25.2 |
ASIAN |
|||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
16,482 | 16,558 | 16,583 | 16,482 | 16,597 | 16,668 | 16,542 | 16,558 | 16,583 |
Civilian labor force |
10,443 | 10,366 | 10,259 | 10,439 | 10,582 | 10,480 | 10,382 | 10,380 | 10,253 |
Participation rate |
63.4 | 62.6 | 61.9 | 63.3 | 63.8 | 62.9 | 62.8 | 62.7 | 61.8 |
Employed |
10,189 | 9,675 | 9,664 | 10,172 | 9,461 | 9,553 | 9,598 | 9,685 | 9,645 |
Employment-population ratio |
61.8 | 58.4 | 58.3 | 61.7 | 57.0 | 57.3 | 58.0 | 58.5 | 58.2 |
Unemployed |
254 | 691 | 595 | 267 | 1,121 | 926 | 784 | 695 | 608 |
Unemployment rate |
2.4 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 2.6 | 10.6 | 8.8 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 5.9 |
Not in labor force |
6,040 | 6,192 | 6,324 | 6,043 | 6,015 | 6,188 | 6,160 | 6,179 | 6,329 |
Footnotes |
|||||||||
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Employment status, sex, and age | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted(1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Aug. 2020 |
Sept. 2020 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY |
|||||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
43,986 | 44,559 | 44,639 | 43,986 | 44,300 | 44,388 | 44,475 | 44,559 | 44,639 |
Civilian labor force |
29,493 | 29,240 | 29,129 | 29,530 | 28,940 | 28,804 | 29,156 | 29,152 | 29,150 |
Participation rate |
67.1 | 65.6 | 65.3 | 67.1 | 65.3 | 64.9 | 65.6 | 65.4 | 65.3 |
Employed |
28,275 | 26,821 | 26,442 | 28,269 | 25,897 | 25,834 | 26,582 | 26,688 | 26,436 |
Employment-population ratio |
64.3 | 60.2 | 59.2 | 64.3 | 58.5 | 58.2 | 59.8 | 59.9 | 59.2 |
Unemployed |
1,218 | 2,419 | 2,688 | 1,260 | 3,042 | 2,969 | 2,575 | 2,463 | 2,714 |
Unemployment rate |
4.1 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 4.3 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 9.3 |
Not in labor force |
14,493 | 15,319 | 15,510 | 14,456 | 15,361 | 15,584 | 15,318 | 15,407 | 15,489 |
Men, 20 years and over |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
15,878 | 15,971 | 15,854 | 15,897 | 15,760 | 15,859 | 16,080 | 15,951 | 15,856 |
Participation rate |
79.9 | 79.4 | 78.6 | 80.0 | 78.8 | 79.1 | 80.1 | 79.3 | 78.6 |
Employed |
15,352 | 14,753 | 14,423 | 15,391 | 14,218 | 14,463 | 14,767 | 14,700 | 14,462 |
Employment-population ratio |
77.3 | 73.3 | 71.5 | 77.5 | 71.1 | 72.1 | 73.5 | 73.0 | 71.7 |
Unemployed |
526 | 1,218 | 1,431 | 505 | 1,542 | 1,397 | 1,313 | 1,251 | 1,395 |
Unemployment rate |
3.3 | 7.6 | 9.0 | 3.2 | 9.8 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 8.8 |
Women, 20 years and over |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
12,310 | 11,910 | 11,929 | 12,288 | 11,912 | 11,575 | 11,746 | 11,821 | 11,906 |
Participation rate |
61.2 | 58.4 | 58.4 | 61.1 | 58.8 | 57.0 | 57.7 | 58.0 | 58.3 |
Employed |
11,779 | 10,946 | 10,874 | 11,725 | 10,652 | 10,306 | 10,688 | 10,851 | 10,820 |
Employment-population ratio |
58.6 | 53.7 | 53.2 | 58.3 | 52.5 | 50.7 | 52.5 | 53.2 | 52.9 |
Unemployed |
531 | 964 | 1,055 | 562 | 1,260 | 1,270 | 1,058 | 970 | 1,086 |
Unemployment rate |
4.3 | 8.1 | 8.8 | 4.6 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 9.1 |
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
1,305 | 1,358 | 1,346 | 1,346 | 1,267 | 1,370 | 1,331 | 1,380 | 1,388 |
Participation rate |
32.5 | 33.6 | 33.3 | 33.5 | 31.5 | 34.0 | 33.0 | 34.2 | 34.3 |
Employed |
1,143 | 1,121 | 1,145 | 1,153 | 1,027 | 1,066 | 1,127 | 1,137 | 1,155 |
Employment-population ratio |
28.5 | 27.8 | 28.3 | 28.7 | 25.5 | 26.5 | 27.9 | 28.2 | 28.6 |
Unemployed |
161 | 237 | 202 | 193 | 240 | 303 | 203 | 243 | 234 |
Unemployment rate |
12.4 | 17.5 | 15.0 | 14.3 | 18.9 | 22.1 | 15.3 | 17.6 | 16.8 |
Footnotes |
|||||||||
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Educational attainment | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Aug. 2020 |
Sept. 2020 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
Less than a high school diploma |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
9,918 | 9,418 | 9,246 | 9,833 | 8,528 | 8,811 | 9,169 | 9,276 | 9,147 |
Participation rate |
46.6 | 46.4 | 45.5 | 46.2 | 45.0 | 43.5 | 46.0 | 45.7 | 45.0 |
Employed |
9,330 | 8,585 | 8,288 | 9,309 | 7,455 | 7,872 | 8,258 | 8,418 | 8,254 |
Employment-population ratio |
43.8 | 42.3 | 40.8 | 43.7 | 39.3 | 38.9 | 41.5 | 41.4 | 40.7 |
Unemployed |
588 | 833 | 958 | 524 | 1,073 | 939 | 911 | 858 | 893 |
Unemployment rate |
5.9 | 8.8 | 10.4 | 5.3 | 12.6 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 9.8 |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
35,923 | 35,246 | 34,751 | 36,100 | 34,228 | 34,974 | 35,479 | 35,163 | 34,925 |
Participation rate |
58.2 | 55.5 | 55.2 | 58.5 | 55.1 | 55.0 | 55.8 | 55.4 | 55.5 |
Employed |
34,585 | 32,622 | 32,006 | 34,781 | 30,875 | 31,835 | 32,607 | 32,435 | 32,198 |
Employment-population ratio |
56.0 | 51.4 | 50.8 | 56.3 | 49.7 | 50.1 | 51.3 | 51.1 | 51.1 |
Unemployed |
1,337 | 2,624 | 2,745 | 1,320 | 3,354 | 3,139 | 2,873 | 2,728 | 2,726 |
Unemployment rate |
3.7 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 3.7 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 7.8 |
Some college or associate degree |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
37,499 | 35,833 | 35,714 | 37,474 | 36,558 | 35,969 | 35,762 | 35,644 | 35,676 |
Participation rate |
64.7 | 62.6 | 62.6 | 64.7 | 64.2 | 63.6 | 62.4 | 62.3 | 62.5 |
Employed |
36,516 | 33,647 | 33,538 | 36,418 | 33,642 | 33,056 | 33,409 | 33,387 | 33,430 |
Employment-population ratio |
63.0 | 58.8 | 58.8 | 62.9 | 59.1 | 58.4 | 58.3 | 58.4 | 58.6 |
Unemployed |
983 | 2,185 | 2,175 | 1,056 | 2,916 | 2,912 | 2,354 | 2,257 | 2,246 |
Unemployment rate |
2.6 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 2.8 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
|||||||||
Civilian labor force |
60,174 | 59,719 | 60,174 | 59,947 | 61,815 | 59,861 | 59,530 | 59,620 | 59,940 |
Participation rate |
73.8 | 72.3 | 72.1 | 73.5 | 72.7 | 72.2 | 72.0 | 72.2 | 71.9 |
Employed |
59,096 | 57,287 | 57,985 | 58,783 | 58,563 | 57,024 | 57,041 | 57,095 | 57,665 |
Employment-population ratio |
72.5 | 69.3 | 69.5 | 72.1 | 68.8 | 68.8 | 69.0 | 69.1 | 69.1 |
Unemployed |
1,079 | 2,432 | 2,190 | 1,164 | 3,252 | 2,837 | 2,488 | 2,524 | 2,274 |
Unemployment rate |
1.8 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 3.8 |
Footnotes |
|||||||||
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service | Total | Men | Women | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
VETERANS, 18 years and over |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
18,649 | 18,283 | 16,756 | 16,375 | 1,893 | 1,908 |
Civilian labor force |
9,272 | 8,693 | 8,151 | 7,578 | 1,121 | 1,115 |
Participation rate |
49.7 | 47.5 | 48.6 | 46.3 | 59.2 | 58.5 |
Employed |
9,009 | 8,231 | 7,909 | 7,158 | 1,100 | 1,074 |
Employment-population ratio |
48.3 | 45.0 | 47.2 | 43.7 | 58.1 | 56.3 |
Unemployed |
264 | 462 | 242 | 420 | 22 | 42 |
Unemployment rate |
2.8 | 5.3 | 3.0 | 5.5 | 1.9 | 3.7 |
Not in labor force |
9,377 | 9,590 | 8,605 | 8,797 | 772 | 793 |
Gulf War-era II veterans |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
4,344 | 4,536 | 3,580 | 3,728 | 764 | 808 |
Civilian labor force |
3,494 | 3,476 | 2,963 | 2,939 | 531 | 537 |
Participation rate |
80.4 | 76.6 | 82.7 | 78.8 | 69.5 | 66.4 |
Employed |
3,387 | 3,298 | 2,873 | 2,788 | 514 | 510 |
Employment-population ratio |
78.0 | 72.7 | 80.2 | 74.8 | 67.3 | 63.1 |
Unemployed |
107 | 178 | 90 | 151 | 17 | 27 |
Unemployment rate |
3.1 | 5.1 | 3.0 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 5.0 |
Not in labor force |
851 | 1,060 | 618 | 789 | 233 | 271 |
Gulf War-era I veterans |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
3,126 | 3,079 | 2,646 | 2,609 | 480 | 470 |
Civilian labor force |
2,360 | 2,263 | 2,035 | 1,930 | 325 | 333 |
Participation rate |
75.5 | 73.5 | 76.9 | 74.0 | 67.8 | 70.9 |
Employed |
2,302 | 2,163 | 1,980 | 1,841 | 322 | 322 |
Employment-population ratio |
73.7 | 70.3 | 74.8 | 70.5 | 67.1 | 68.6 |
Unemployed |
58 | 100 | 55 | 89 | 3 | 11 |
Unemployment rate |
2.5 | 4.4 | 2.7 | 4.6 | 1.0 | 3.3 |
Not in labor force |
766 | 816 | 611 | 679 | 155 | 137 |
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
7,028 | 6,644 | 6,784 | 6,412 | 244 | 232 |
Civilian labor force |
1,466 | 1,171 | 1,419 | 1,141 | 46 | 30 |
Participation rate |
20.9 | 17.6 | 20.9 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 13.0 |
Employed |
1,418 | 1,117 | 1,372 | 1,087 | 46 | 30 |
Employment-population ratio |
20.2 | 16.8 | 20.2 | 17.0 | 18.9 | 13.0 |
Unemployed |
48 | 54 | 48 | 54 | 0 | 0 |
Unemployment rate |
3.3 | 4.6 | 3.4 | 4.8 | - | - |
Not in labor force |
5,562 | 5,473 | 5,365 | 5,271 | 198 | 202 |
Veterans of other service periods |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
4,151 | 4,024 | 3,746 | 3,626 | 405 | 398 |
Civilian labor force |
1,953 | 1,783 | 1,734 | 1,568 | 219 | 215 |
Participation rate |
47.0 | 44.3 | 46.3 | 43.2 | 54.0 | 54.0 |
Employed |
1,902 | 1,653 | 1,685 | 1,442 | 217 | 211 |
Employment-population ratio |
45.8 | 41.1 | 45.0 | 39.8 | 53.6 | 53.0 |
Unemployed |
51 | 129 | 49 | 125 | 2 | 4 |
Unemployment rate |
2.6 | 7.3 | 2.8 | 8.0 | 0.7 | 1.9 |
Not in labor force |
2,198 | 2,241 | 2,012 | 2,058 | 186 | 183 |
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
232,695 | 234,071 | 104,710 | 105,479 | 127,985 | 128,593 |
Civilian labor force |
152,699 | 149,403 | 77,424 | 76,127 | 75,275 | 73,276 |
Participation rate |
65.6 | 63.8 | 73.9 | 72.2 | 58.8 | 57.0 |
Employed |
147,702 | 139,689 | 74,761 | 70,985 | 72,940 | 68,704 |
Employment-population ratio |
63.5 | 59.7 | 71.4 | 67.3 | 57.0 | 53.4 |
Unemployed |
4,997 | 9,714 | 2,662 | 5,142 | 2,335 | 4,572 |
Unemployment rate |
3.3 | 6.5 | 3.4 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 6.2 |
Not in labor force |
79,996 | 84,668 | 27,286 | 29,351 | 52,710 | 55,317 |
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data. |
Employment status, sex, and age | Persons with a disability | Persons with no disability | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
TOTAL, 16 years and over |
||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
30,705 | 29,887 | 229,476 | 231,342 |
Civilian labor force |
6,281 | 5,979 | 157,726 | 154,038 |
Participation rate |
20.5 | 20.0 | 68.7 | 66.6 |
Employed |
5,840 | 5,320 | 152,663 | 144,293 |
Employment-population ratio |
19.0 | 17.8 | 66.5 | 62.4 |
Unemployed |
440 | 659 | 5,063 | 9,745 |
Unemployment rate |
7.0 | 11.0 | 3.2 | 6.3 |
Not in labor force |
24,425 | 23,908 | 71,749 | 77,305 |
Men, 16 to 64 years |
||||
Civilian labor force |
2,657 | 2,603 | 77,840 | 76,174 |
Participation rate |
34.9 | 34.4 | 82.7 | 81.2 |
Employed |
2,445 | 2,304 | 75,176 | 71,108 |
Employment-population ratio |
32.2 | 30.5 | 79.9 | 75.8 |
Unemployed |
211 | 299 | 2,664 | 5,067 |
Unemployment rate |
7.9 | 11.5 | 3.4 | 6.7 |
Not in labor force |
4,948 | 4,962 | 16,268 | 17,676 |
Women, 16 to 64 years |
||||
Civilian labor force |
2,389 | 2,348 | 70,052 | 68,288 |
Participation rate |
31.6 | 31.9 | 72.1 | 70.4 |
Employed |
2,201 | 2,079 | 67,898 | 64,145 |
Employment-population ratio |
29.1 | 28.3 | 69.9 | 66.1 |
Unemployed |
188 | 269 | 2,154 | 4,143 |
Unemployment rate |
7.9 | 11.4 | 3.1 | 6.1 |
Not in labor force |
5,165 | 5,009 | 27,105 | 28,717 |
Both sexes, 65 years and over |
||||
Civilian labor force |
1,235 | 1,028 | 9,834 | 9,575 |
Participation rate |
7.9 | 6.9 | 25.7 | 23.7 |
Employed |
1,193 | 937 | 9,589 | 9,041 |
Employment-population ratio |
7.7 | 6.3 | 25.1 | 22.3 |
Unemployed |
42 | 92 | 245 | 535 |
Unemployment rate |
3.4 | 8.9 | 2.5 | 5.6 |
Not in labor force |
14,312 | 13,938 | 28,376 | 30,911 |
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Employment status and nativity | Total | Men | Women | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
Foreign born, 16 years and over |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
42,438 | 42,947 | 20,625 | 20,728 | 21,813 | 22,219 |
Civilian labor force |
28,086 | 27,529 | 15,936 | 15,818 | 12,150 | 11,711 |
Participation rate |
66.2 | 64.1 | 77.3 | 76.3 | 55.7 | 52.7 |
Employed |
27,223 | 25,512 | 15,513 | 14,808 | 11,709 | 10,704 |
Employment-population ratio |
64.1 | 59.4 | 75.2 | 71.4 | 53.7 | 48.2 |
Unemployed |
863 | 2,017 | 422 | 1,010 | 441 | 1,007 |
Unemployment rate |
3.1 | 7.3 | 2.7 | 6.4 | 3.6 | 8.6 |
Not in labor force |
14,352 | 15,418 | 4,689 | 4,910 | 9,663 | 10,508 |
Native born, 16 years and over |
||||||
Civilian noninstitutional population |
217,743 | 218,283 | 105,228 | 105,640 | 112,516 | 112,643 |
Civilian labor force |
135,921 | 132,487 | 70,564 | 68,826 | 65,357 | 63,661 |
Participation rate |
62.4 | 60.7 | 67.1 | 65.2 | 58.1 | 56.5 |
Employed |
131,281 | 124,101 | 67,954 | 64,147 | 63,327 | 59,954 |
Employment-population ratio |
60.3 | 56.9 | 64.6 | 60.7 | 56.3 | 53.2 |
Unemployed |
4,640 | 8,387 | 2,610 | 4,679 | 2,030 | 3,708 |
Unemployment rate |
3.4 | 6.3 | 3.7 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 5.8 |
Not in labor force |
81,822 | 85,795 | 34,663 | 36,814 | 47,159 | 48,981 |
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Category | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Aug. 2020 |
Sept. 2020 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
CLASS OF WORKER |
|||||||||
Agriculture and related industries |
2,449 | 2,441 | 2,390 | 2,531 | 2,194 | 2,270 | 2,515 | 2,432 | 2,461 |
Wage and salary workers(1) |
1,795 | 1,590 | 1,578 | 1,801 | 1,461 | 1,482 | 1,570 | 1,553 | 1,569 |
Self-employed workers, unincorporated |
637 | 820 | 782 | 679 | 754 | 799 | 881 | 837 | 823 |
Unpaid family workers |
17 | 30 | 30 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Nonagricultural industries |
156,055 | 147,763 | 147,223 | 156,189 | 145,216 | 145,454 | 147,255 | 147,314 | 147,351 |
Wage and salary workers(1) |
147,176 | 139,095 | 138,617 | 147,501 | 136,168 | 136,493 | 138,539 | 138,891 | 138,971 |
Government |
21,367 | 20,637 | 20,762 | 21,307 | 20,988 | 20,466 | 20,678 | 20,418 | 20,709 |
Private industries |
125,808 | 118,458 | 117,856 | 126,081 | 115,141 | 116,299 | 117,939 | 118,525 | 118,123 |
Private households |
841 | 626 | 636 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Other industries |
124,968 | 117,832 | 117,220 | 125,239 | 114,440 | 115,601 | 117,304 | 117,902 | 117,472 |
Self-employed workers, unincorporated |
8,809 | 8,622 | 8,540 | 8,916 | 8,788 | 8,675 | 8,690 | 8,570 | 8,638 |
Unpaid family workers |
70 | 45 | 66 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2) |
|||||||||
All industries |
|||||||||
Part time for economic reasons(3) |
4,247 | 6,492 | 6,245 | 4,172 | 7,533 | 6,283 | 6,668 | 6,641 | 6,170 |
Slack work or business conditions |
2,742 | 5,131 | 5,003 | 2,634 | 6,181 | 4,881 | 5,298 | 5,223 | 4,891 |
Could only find part-time work |
1,190 | 1,151 | 972 | 1,259 | 1,120 | 1,120 | 1,135 | 1,167 | 1,045 |
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4) |
22,086 | 19,449 | 18,678 | 21,649 | 18,630 | 18,990 | 19,465 | 18,580 | 18,237 |
Nonagricultural industries |
|||||||||
Part time for economic reasons(3) |
4,170 | 6,423 | 6,133 | 4,119 | 7,439 | 6,197 | 6,552 | 6,582 | 6,082 |
Slack work or business conditions |
2,685 | 5,087 | 4,919 | 2,587 | 6,110 | 4,823 | 5,227 | 5,176 | 4,819 |
Could only find part-time work |
1,186 | 1,142 | 967 | 1,252 | 1,107 | 1,112 | 1,113 | 1,163 | 1,037 |
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4) |
21,685 | 19,043 | 18,283 | 21,248 | 18,257 | 18,589 | 19,029 | 18,182 | 17,846 |
Footnotes |
|||||||||
- Data not available. |
Characteristic | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Aug. 2020 |
Sept. 2020 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
AGE AND SEX |
|||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
158,504 | 150,203 | 149,613 | 158,735 | 147,276 | 147,543 | 149,669 | 149,809 | 149,830 |
16 to 19 years |
5,029 | 4,893 | 4,793 | 5,190 | 4,706 | 4,957 | 5,122 | 5,091 | 4,955 |
16 to 17 years |
1,793 | 1,748 | 1,693 | 1,881 | 1,816 | 1,786 | 1,824 | 1,797 | 1,785 |
18 to 19 years |
3,236 | 3,146 | 3,100 | 3,329 | 2,851 | 3,162 | 3,295 | 3,277 | 3,192 |
20 years and over |
153,474 | 145,310 | 144,820 | 153,545 | 142,571 | 142,586 | 144,547 | 144,718 | 144,876 |
20 to 24 years |
13,947 | 13,169 | 13,002 | 14,112 | 12,281 | 12,641 | 13,212 | 13,203 | 13,167 |
25 years and over |
139,527 | 132,142 | 131,817 | 139,380 | 130,340 | 130,040 | 131,566 | 131,461 | 131,637 |
25 to 54 years |
101,783 | 96,394 | 96,427 | 101,609 | 94,986 | 94,738 | 95,875 | 95,861 | 96,225 |
25 to 34 years |
36,263 | 33,767 | 33,993 | 36,191 | 32,953 | 33,293 | 33,836 | 33,581 | 33,913 |
35 to 44 years |
33,432 | 32,290 | 32,052 | 33,400 | 31,978 | 31,687 | 31,903 | 32,098 | 32,011 |
45 to 54 years |
32,088 | 30,337 | 30,382 | 32,017 | 30,055 | 29,758 | 30,136 | 30,182 | 30,300 |
55 years and over |
37,744 | 35,748 | 35,391 | 37,771 | 35,354 | 35,302 | 35,692 | 35,600 | 35,412 |
Men, 16 years and over |
83,467 | 79,291 | 78,955 | 83,995 | 78,213 | 78,663 | 79,537 | 79,267 | 79,481 |
16 to 19 years |
2,527 | 2,387 | 2,384 | 2,622 | 2,310 | 2,405 | 2,524 | 2,490 | 2,477 |
16 to 17 years |
797 | 809 | 812 | 863 | 845 | 849 | 878 | 863 | 881 |
18 to 19 years |
1,730 | 1,578 | 1,571 | 1,766 | 1,442 | 1,546 | 1,647 | 1,630 | 1,603 |
20 years and over |
80,940 | 76,904 | 76,572 | 81,373 | 75,903 | 76,258 | 77,013 | 76,777 | 77,004 |
20 to 24 years |
7,001 | 6,662 | 6,527 | 7,142 | 6,339 | 6,512 | 6,749 | 6,722 | 6,672 |
25 years and over |
73,940 | 70,241 | 70,044 | 74,130 | 69,559 | 69,718 | 70,291 | 70,040 | 70,220 |
25 to 54 years |
53,863 | 51,207 | 51,177 | 53,945 | 50,741 | 50,723 | 51,140 | 51,025 | 51,246 |
25 to 34 years |
19,295 | 17,984 | 18,177 | 19,296 | 17,595 | 17,808 | 18,056 | 17,889 | 18,172 |
35 to 44 years |
17,819 | 17,334 | 17,154 | 17,871 | 17,197 | 17,146 | 17,209 | 17,288 | 17,201 |
45 to 54 years |
16,748 | 15,889 | 15,846 | 16,778 | 15,950 | 15,769 | 15,876 | 15,848 | 15,873 |
55 years and over |
20,077 | 19,034 | 18,867 | 20,184 | 18,818 | 18,996 | 19,151 | 19,015 | 18,974 |
Women, 16 years and over |
75,036 | 70,913 | 70,658 | 74,740 | 69,063 | 68,880 | 70,131 | 70,542 | 70,350 |
16 to 19 years |
2,502 | 2,506 | 2,410 | 2,568 | 2,396 | 2,552 | 2,598 | 2,600 | 2,478 |
16 to 17 years |
996 | 939 | 880 | 1,019 | 970 | 937 | 946 | 934 | 904 |
18 to 19 years |
1,506 | 1,567 | 1,529 | 1,562 | 1,409 | 1,616 | 1,648 | 1,647 | 1,589 |
20 years and over |
72,534 | 68,407 | 68,248 | 72,172 | 66,667 | 66,328 | 67,534 | 67,941 | 67,872 |
20 to 24 years |
6,947 | 6,506 | 6,475 | 6,970 | 5,943 | 6,129 | 6,463 | 6,481 | 6,495 |
25 years and over |
65,587 | 61,900 | 61,773 | 65,250 | 60,781 | 60,322 | 61,275 | 61,422 | 61,417 |
25 to 54 years |
47,921 | 45,187 | 45,250 | 47,664 | 44,245 | 44,016 | 44,735 | 44,836 | 44,979 |
25 to 34 years |
16,969 | 15,783 | 15,816 | 16,895 | 15,359 | 15,485 | 15,781 | 15,692 | 15,741 |
35 to 44 years |
15,613 | 14,956 | 14,898 | 15,529 | 14,781 | 14,541 | 14,694 | 14,810 | 14,810 |
45 to 54 years |
15,339 | 14,448 | 14,535 | 15,240 | 14,105 | 13,989 | 14,260 | 14,334 | 14,428 |
55 years and over |
17,666 | 16,714 | 16,523 | 17,587 | 16,536 | 16,306 | 16,540 | 16,586 | 16,438 |
MARITAL STATUS |
|||||||||
Married men, spouse present(1) |
45,969 | 43,753 | 43,499 | 46,184 | 44,404 | 43,598 | 43,761 | 43,754 | 43,720 |
Married women, spouse present(1) |
36,913 | 35,165 | 35,109 | 36,631 | 35,262 | 34,321 | 34,685 | 34,795 | 34,817 |
Women who maintain families(2) |
9,757 | 9,541 | 9,490 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS |
|||||||||
Full-time workers(3) |
131,142 | 124,325 | 124,415 | 131,477 | 122,461 | 122,569 | 123,646 | 124,292 | 124,689 |
Part-time workers(4) |
27,362 | 25,879 | 25,197 | 27,072 | 24,896 | 25,067 | 26,139 | 25,373 | 24,917 |
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS |
|||||||||
Total multiple jobholders |
8,058 | 6,690 | 6,496 | 8,024 | 6,802 | 6,491 | 6,669 | 6,559 | 6,460 |
Percent of total employed |
5.1 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
SELF-EMPLOYMENT |
|||||||||
Self-employed workers, incorporated |
6,554 | 6,236 | 5,859 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Self-employed workers, unincorporated |
9,446 | 9,443 | 9,322 | 9,596 | 9,541 | 9,473 | 9,571 | 9,408 | 9,461 |
Footnotes |
|||||||||
- Data not available. |
Characteristic | Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) |
Unemployment rates | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Aug. 2020 |
Sept. 2020 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
AGE AND SEX |
|||||||||
Total, 16 years and over |
5,844 | 10,728 | 10,736 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.7 |
16 to 19 years |
778 | 825 | 946 | 13.0 | 16.4 | 16.3 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 16.0 |
16 to 17 years |
317 | 314 | 302 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 17.2 | 14.1 | 14.9 | 14.5 |
18 to 19 years |
469 | 507 | 655 | 12.4 | 17.6 | 15.8 | 14.1 | 13.4 | 17.0 |
20 years and over |
5,067 | 9,903 | 9,790 | 3.2 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 6.3 |
20 to 24 years |
1,001 | 1,580 | 1,653 | 6.6 | 14.1 | 12.5 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 11.2 |
25 years and over |
4,093 | 8,409 | 8,170 | 2.9 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.8 |
25 to 54 years |
3,173 | 6,193 | 5,946 | 3.0 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.8 |
25 to 34 years |
1,379 | 2,530 | 2,397 | 3.7 | 9.6 | 8.6 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 6.6 |
35 to 44 years |
962 | 1,910 | 1,857 | 2.8 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
45 to 54 years |
833 | 1,753 | 1,693 | 2.5 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.3 |
55 years and over |
948 | 2,202 | 2,259 | 2.4 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 6.0 |
Men, 16 years and over |
3,039 | 5,894 | 5,694 | 3.5 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.7 |
16 to 19 years |
416 | 444 | 455 | 13.7 | 17.8 | 17.3 | 15.6 | 15.1 | 15.5 |
16 to 17 years |
161 | 146 | 159 | 15.7 | 14.5 | 18.3 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 15.3 |
18 to 19 years |
259 | 299 | 301 | 12.8 | 19.9 | 16.8 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 15.8 |
20 years and over |
2,623 | 5,449 | 5,240 | 3.1 | 8.0 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.4 |
20 to 24 years |
567 | 904 | 922 | 7.4 | 14.3 | 12.9 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 12.1 |
25 years and over |
2,085 | 4,617 | 4,353 | 2.7 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 5.8 |
25 to 54 years |
1,618 | 3,433 | 3,167 | 2.9 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 5.8 |
25 to 34 years |
739 | 1,491 | 1,291 | 3.7 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 6.6 |
35 to 44 years |
463 | 1,028 | 1,049 | 2.5 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.7 |
45 to 54 years |
417 | 914 | 827 | 2.4 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.0 |
55 years and over |
467 | 1,183 | 1,186 | 2.3 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
Women, 16 years and over |
2,805 | 4,834 | 5,042 | 3.6 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.7 |
16 to 19 years |
362 | 380 | 491 | 12.3 | 15.0 | 15.3 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 16.5 |
16 to 17 years |
157 | 168 | 143 | 13.3 | 14.9 | 16.2 | 12.1 | 15.2 | 13.7 |
18 to 19 years |
210 | 208 | 354 | 11.8 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 12.8 | 11.2 | 18.2 |
20 years and over |
2,443 | 4,453 | 4,551 | 3.3 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.3 |
20 to 24 years |
434 | 676 | 732 | 5.9 | 13.9 | 12.1 | 10.0 | 9.4 | 10.1 |
25 years and over |
2,008 | 3,792 | 3,817 | 3.0 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
25 to 54 years |
1,555 | 2,759 | 2,780 | 3.2 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
25 to 34 years |
640 | 1,039 | 1,106 | 3.7 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 6.6 |
35 to 44 years |
499 | 882 | 808 | 3.1 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.2 |
45 to 54 years |
416 | 839 | 865 | 2.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.7 |
55 years and over |
475 | 1,020 | 1,065 | 2.6 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 6.1 |
MARITAL STATUS |
|||||||||
Married men, spouse present(1) |
758 | 1,854 | 1,841 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 |
Married women, spouse present(1) |
819 | 1,644 | 1,705 | 2.2 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.7 |
Women who maintain families(2) |
425 | 798 | 734 | 4.2 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 8.6 | 7.7 | 7.2 |
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS |
|||||||||
Full-time workers(3) |
4,769 | 9,145 | 8,911 | 3.5 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.7 |
Part-time workers(4) |
1,118 | 1,610 | 1,871 | 4.0 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 7.0 |
Footnotes |
|||||||||
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Reason | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Aug. 2020 |
Sept. 2020 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED |
|||||||||
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs |
2,752 | 7,219 | 7,264 | 2,703 | 10,248 | 9,039 | 7,685 | 7,468 | 7,210 |
On temporary layoff |
873 | 2,615 | 3,124 | 788 | 6,175 | 4,624 | 3,231 | 2,762 | 3,039 |
Not on temporary layoff |
1,879 | 4,603 | 4,141 | 1,914 | 4,074 | 4,415 | 4,454 | 4,705 | 4,171 |
Permanent job losers |
1,296 | 3,647 | 3,342 | 1,325 | 3,326 | 3,661 | 3,620 | 3,718 | 3,370 |
Persons who completed temporary jobs |
583 | 956 | 798 | 590 | 747 | 754 | 834 | 987 | 802 |
Job leavers |
776 | 680 | 706 | 814 | 595 | 808 | 763 | 698 | 743 |
Reentrants |
1,524 | 1,855 | 2,044 | 1,734 | 2,104 | 2,123 | 2,017 | 1,968 | 2,250 |
New entrants |
452 | 511 | 389 | 574 | 549 | 535 | 526 | 551 | 509 |
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION |
|||||||||
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs |
50.0 | 70.3 | 69.8 | 46.4 | 75.9 | 72.3 | 69.9 | 69.9 | 67.3 |
On temporary layoff |
15.9 | 25.5 | 30.0 | 13.5 | 45.8 | 37.0 | 29.4 | 25.9 | 28.4 |
Not on temporary layoff |
34.1 | 44.8 | 39.8 | 32.9 | 30.2 | 35.3 | 40.5 | 44.0 | 38.9 |
Job leavers |
14.1 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 14.0 | 4.4 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 6.9 |
Reentrants |
27.7 | 18.1 | 19.7 | 29.8 | 15.6 | 17.0 | 18.3 | 18.4 | 21.0 |
New entrants |
8.2 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 9.9 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 4.7 |
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE |
|||||||||
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs |
1.7 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.5 |
Job leavers |
0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Reentrants |
0.9 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
New entrants |
0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Duration | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Aug. 2020 |
Sept. 2020 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED |
|||||||||
Less than 5 weeks |
2,001 | 2,291 | 2,813 | 2,098 | 2,312 | 2,552 | 2,494 | 2,455 | 2,904 |
5 to 14 weeks |
1,651 | 2,293 | 2,211 | 1,682 | 3,213 | 2,754 | 2,341 | 2,404 | 2,222 |
15 weeks and over |
1,852 | 5,681 | 5,380 | 1,997 | 8,129 | 7,339 | 6,185 | 5,804 | 5,529 |
15 to 26 weeks |
755 | 1,807 | 1,502 | 821 | 6,536 | 4,934 | 2,651 | 1,875 | 1,572 |
27 weeks and over |
1,097 | 3,873 | 3,878 | 1,177 | 1,593 | 2,405 | 3,534 | 3,929 | 3,956 |
Average (mean) duration, in weeks |
20.3 | 24.0 | 22.8 | 20.8 | 20.0 | 21.0 | 21.4 | 23.0 | 23.4 |
Median duration, in weeks |
8.4 | 18.8 | 16.1 | 9.1 | 16.7 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 18.9 | 16.8 |
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION |
|||||||||
Less than 5 weeks |
36.4 | 22.3 | 27.0 | 36.3 | 16.9 | 20.2 | 22.6 | 23.0 | 27.3 |
5 to 14 weeks |
30.0 | 22.3 | 21.3 | 29.1 | 23.5 | 21.8 | 21.2 | 22.5 | 20.9 |
15 weeks and over |
33.6 | 55.3 | 51.7 | 34.6 | 59.5 | 58.0 | 56.1 | 54.4 | 51.9 |
15 to 26 weeks |
13.7 | 17.6 | 14.4 | 14.2 | 47.9 | 39.0 | 24.1 | 17.6 | 14.8 |
27 weeks and over |
19.9 | 37.7 | 37.3 | 20.4 | 11.7 | 19.0 | 32.1 | 36.8 | 37.1 |
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Occupation | Employed | Unemployed | Unemployment rates |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
Total, 16 years and over(1) |
158,504 | 149,613 | 5,503 | 10,404 | 3.4 | 6.5 |
Management, professional, and related occupations |
65,682 | 64,007 | 1,171 | 2,235 | 1.8 | 3.4 |
Management, business, and financial operations occupations |
27,748 | 27,141 | 533 | 1,016 | 1.9 | 3.6 |
Professional and related occupations |
37,935 | 36,866 | 638 | 1,219 | 1.7 | 3.2 |
Service occupations |
26,487 | 22,490 | 1,198 | 2,824 | 4.3 | 11.2 |
Sales and office occupations |
33,441 | 30,712 | 1,062 | 1,859 | 3.1 | 5.7 |
Sales and related occupations |
15,672 | 14,809 | 528 | 825 | 3.3 | 5.3 |
Office and administrative support occupations |
17,769 | 15,904 | 533 | 1,035 | 2.9 | 6.1 |
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations |
14,329 | 13,191 | 782 | 1,449 | 5.2 | 9.9 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations |
1,171 | 1,019 | 130 | 178 | 10.0 | 14.8 |
Construction and extraction occupations |
8,143 | 7,580 | 547 | 1,000 | 6.3 | 11.7 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations |
5,016 | 4,593 | 105 | 272 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Production, transportation, and material moving |
18,564 | 19,212 | 826 | 1,630 | 4.3 | 7.8 |
Production occupations |
8,229 | 8,039 | 372 | 547 | 4.3 | 6.4 |
Transportation and material moving occupations |
10,335 | 11,174 | 454 | 1,084 | 4.2 | 8.8 |
Footnotes |
||||||
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. |
Industry and class of worker | Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) |
Unemployment rates |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
Total, 16 years and over(1) |
5,503 | 10,404 | 3.4 | 6.5 |
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers |
4,207 | 8,460 | 3.2 | 6.7 |
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction |
31 | 89 | 3.8 | 13.1 |
Construction |
489 | 930 | 5.0 | 9.6 |
Manufacturing |
422 | 640 | 2.7 | 4.3 |
Durable goods |
246 | 337 | 2.5 | 3.5 |
Nondurable goods |
175 | 304 | 3.1 | 5.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
726 | 1,125 | 3.6 | 5.5 |
Transportation and utilities |
196 | 627 | 2.6 | 8.4 |
Information |
48 | 158 | 1.9 | 6.4 |
Financial activities |
236 | 313 | 2.3 | 3.1 |
Professional and business services |
546 | 1,071 | 3.1 | 6.1 |
Education and health services |
604 | 1,013 | 2.4 | 4.1 |
Leisure and hospitality |
685 | 2,042 | 5.0 | 16.7 |
Other services |
225 | 453 | 3.2 | 7.4 |
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers |
185 | 189 | 9.6 | 11.0 |
Government workers |
393 | 692 | 1.8 | 3.2 |
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers |
266 | 674 | 2.7 | 6.7 |
Footnotes |
||||
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. |
Measure | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Aug. 2020 |
Sept. 2020 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force |
1.1 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.4 |
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force |
1.7 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.5 |
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate) |
3.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.7 |
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers |
3.5 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 3.7 | 8.7 | 8.2 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force |
4.1 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 4.3 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force |
6.7 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 6.8 | 14.2 | 12.8 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 11.7 |
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Category | Total | Men | Women | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
Dec. 2019 |
Dec. 2020 |
|
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE |
||||||
Total not in the labor force |
96,174 | 101,213 | 39,352 | 41,723 | 56,822 | 59,490 |
Persons who currently want a job |
4,643 | 7,088 | 2,336 | 3,388 | 2,307 | 3,699 |
Marginally attached to the labor force(1) |
1,246 | 2,197 | 688 | 1,151 | 558 | 1,046 |
Discouraged workers(2) |
277 | 661 | 172 | 418 | 105 | 243 |
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3) |
969 | 1,536 | 516 | 733 | 452 | 803 |
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS |
||||||
Total multiple jobholders(4) |
8,058 | 6,496 | 3,972 | 3,092 | 4,086 | 3,404 |
Percent of total employed |
5.1 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 4.8 |
Primary job full time, secondary job part time |
4,419 | 3,721 | 2,377 | 1,926 | 2,041 | 1,795 |
Primary and secondary jobs both part time |
2,072 | 1,590 | 727 | 563 | 1,344 | 1,027 |
Primary and secondary jobs both full time |
336 | 287 | 221 | 156 | 115 | 130 |
Hours vary on primary or secondary job |
1,165 | 832 | 606 | 414 | 560 | 418 |
Footnotes |
||||||
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. |
Industry | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
Change from: Nov.2020 - Dec.2020(p) |
|
Total nonfarm |
152,929 | 143,502 | 144,105 | 143,777 | 151,998 | 142,428 | 142,764 | 142,624 | -140 |
Total private |
129,918 | 121,571 | 122,162 | 122,027 | 129,319 | 120,901 | 121,318 | 121,223 | -95 |
Goods-producing |
21,037 | 20,361 | 20,320 | 20,283 | 21,136 | 20,192 | 20,259 | 20,352 | 93 |
Mining and logging |
714 | 629 | 629 | 630 | 715 | 623 | 626 | 630 | 4 |
Logging |
53.7 | 52.4 | 51.8 | 53.0 | 53.2 | 51.0 | 50.9 | 52.2 | 1.3 |
Mining |
659.9 | 576.7 | 577.3 | 577.0 | 661.3 | 572.4 | 575.2 | 577.3 | 2.1 |
Oil and gas extraction |
158.0 | 160.4 | 161.6 | 164.4 | 157.9 | 159.7 | 161.4 | 163.7 | 2.3 |
Mining, except oil and gas |
187.2 | 182.0 | 181.1 | 179.1 | 189.3 | 180.1 | 179.9 | 179.9 | 0.0 |
Coal mining |
51.2 | 44.8 | 44.7 | 44.7 | 51.1 | 44.6 | 44.2 | 44.1 | -0.1 |
Metal ore mining |
40.6 | 40.5 | 40.4 | 40.0 | 40.7 | 40.6 | 40.6 | 40.3 | -0.3 |
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying |
95.4 | 96.7 | 96.0 | 94.4 | 97.5 | 94.9 | 95.1 | 95.5 | 0.4 |
Support activities for mining |
314.7 | 234.3 | 234.6 | 233.5 | 314.1 | 232.6 | 233.9 | 233.7 | -0.2 |
Construction |
7,447 | 7,507 | 7,425 | 7,322 | 7,555 | 7,333 | 7,362 | 7,413 | 51 |
Construction of buildings |
1,666.4 | 1,667.9 | 1,655.3 | 1,649.9 | 1,675.9 | 1,645.9 | 1,650.7 | 1,655.3 | 4.6 |
Residential building |
827.7 | 849.9 | 844.6 | 849.3 | 829.5 | 836.6 | 838.8 | 847.7 | 8.9 |
Nonresidential building |
838.7 | 818.0 | 810.7 | 800.6 | 846.4 | 809.3 | 811.9 | 807.6 | -4.3 |
Heavy and civil engineering construction |
1,042.4 | 1,080.4 | 1,050.6 | 997.2 | 1,087.6 | 1,015.7 | 1,025.4 | 1,040.4 | 15.0 |
Specialty trade contractors |
4,738.5 | 4,758.9 | 4,718.6 | 4,674.8 | 4,791.9 | 4,671.5 | 4,685.4 | 4,717.5 | 32.1 |
Residential specialty trade contractors |
2,066.7 | 2,138.3 | 2,131.5 | 2,120.1 | 2,095.0 | 2,106.6 | 2,120.2 | 2,134.0 | 13.8 |
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors |
2,671.8 | 2,620.6 | 2,587.1 | 2,554.7 | 2,696.9 | 2,564.9 | 2,565.2 | 2,583.5 | 18.3 |
Manufacturing |
12,876 | 12,225 | 12,266 | 12,331 | 12,866 | 12,236 | 12,271 | 12,309 | 38 |
Durable goods |
8,072 | 7,599 | 7,637 | 7,685 | 8,064 | 7,623 | 7,648 | 7,673 | 25 |
Wood products |
411.1 | 397.3 | 398.9 | 401.1 | 411.0 | 398.3 | 399.1 | 400.8 | 1.7 |
Nonmetallic mineral products |
419.8 | 407.2 | 406.8 | 407.9 | 422.3 | 402.5 | 404.1 | 410.2 | 6.1 |
Primary metals |
377.6 | 339.7 | 341.7 | 342.4 | 375.9 | 343.6 | 342.9 | 340.8 | -2.1 |
Fabricated metal products |
1,485.7 | 1,393.4 | 1,394.1 | 1,406.8 | 1,485.1 | 1,402.2 | 1,401.9 | 1,404.6 | 2.7 |
Machinery |
1,117.4 | 1,047.5 | 1,050.8 | 1,058.0 | 1,117.3 | 1,052.6 | 1,055.1 | 1,057.9 | 2.8 |
Computer and electronic products |
1,096.4 | 1,087.6 | 1,090.9 | 1,095.4 | 1,095.3 | 1,090.4 | 1,091.6 | 1,093.2 | 1.6 |
Computer and peripheral equipment |
167.8 | 170.6 | 169.8 | 170.3 | 167.5 | 170.2 | 169.9 | 170.1 | 0.2 |
Communications equipment |
84.4 | 81.6 | 83.5 | 83.5 | 84.2 | 82.3 | 83.2 | 83.1 | -0.1 |
Semiconductors and electronic components |
378.8 | 372.8 | 371.7 | 373.4 | 379.1 | 373.5 | 372.9 | 373.7 | 0.8 |
Electronic instruments |
431.8 | 427.2 | 429.8 | 430.7 | 431.3 | 428.9 | 429.7 | 429.6 | -0.1 |
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products |
33.6 | 35.4 | 36.1 | 37.5 | 33.2 | 35.5 | 35.9 | 36.7 | 0.8 |
Electrical equipment and appliances |
407.1 | 378.7 | 378.3 | 381.8 | 405.6 | 378.9 | 378.2 | 380.1 | 1.9 |
Transportation equipment(1) |
1,747.2 | 1,593.3 | 1,614.2 | 1,623.6 | 1,743.7 | 1,599.8 | 1,614.0 | 1,619.2 | 5.2 |
Motor vehicles and parts(2) |
1,001.7 | 904.0 | 924.1 | 934.0 | 997.9 | 914.6 | 925.5 | 932.2 | 6.7 |
Furniture and related products |
387.8 | 353.9 | 357.8 | 360.5 | 386.8 | 355.0 | 358.6 | 359.8 | 1.2 |
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing |
621.9 | 600.6 | 603.1 | 607.4 | 620.7 | 599.2 | 602.2 | 606.0 | 3.8 |
Nondurable goods |
4,804 | 4,626 | 4,629 | 4,646 | 4,802 | 4,613 | 4,623 | 4,636 | 13 |
Food manufacturing |
1,662.8 | 1,630.4 | 1,631.7 | 1,639.7 | 1,661.1 | 1,622.0 | 1,626.3 | 1,631.8 | 5.5 |
Textile mills |
106.7 | 96.3 | 96.5 | 96.5 | 106.7 | 96.8 | 96.5 | 96.4 | -0.1 |
Textile product mills |
112.7 | 104.2 | 104.2 | 105.1 | 112.0 | 103.7 | 103.9 | 104.5 | 0.6 |
Apparel |
106.2 | 89.1 | 87.0 | 90.8 | 106.3 | 88.8 | 86.9 | 90.9 | 4.0 |
Paper and paper products |
365.6 | 353.5 | 355.0 | 357.7 | 365.0 | 355.2 | 356.1 | 356.8 | 0.7 |
Printing and related support activities |
421.2 | 368.5 | 371.1 | 373.6 | 419.3 | 367.5 | 368.9 | 371.7 | 2.8 |
Petroleum and coal products |
111.9 | 106.7 | 104.9 | 106.1 | 113.9 | 105.5 | 105.1 | 108.3 | 3.2 |
Chemicals |
855.3 | 834.6 | 834.9 | 838.4 | 853.3 | 836.5 | 835.2 | 835.8 | 0.6 |
Plastics and rubber products |
743.8 | 729.1 | 732.7 | 742.6 | 743.0 | 730.7 | 734.7 | 741.6 | 6.9 |
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing |
317.5 | 313.7 | 310.9 | 295.7 | 320.9 | 306.7 | 309.6 | 298.4 | -11.2 |
Private service-providing |
108,881 | 101,210 | 101,842 | 101,744 | 108,183 | 100,709 | 101,059 | 100,871 | -188 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
28,582 | 26,830 | 27,410 | 27,896 | 27,809 | 26,761 | 26,880 | 27,071 | 191 |
Wholesale trade |
5,947.8 | 5,654.7 | 5,672.8 | 5,699.6 | 5,933.2 | 5,646.6 | 5,658.4 | 5,683.5 | 25.1 |
Durable goods |
3,224.5 | 3,066.2 | 3,078.1 | 3,094.8 | 3,218.2 | 3,062.0 | 3,077.0 | 3,088.4 | 11.4 |
Nondurable goods |
2,185.3 | 2,084.9 | 2,089.3 | 2,096.2 | 2,179.5 | 2,082.1 | 2,078.0 | 2,088.8 | 10.8 |
Electronic markets and agents and brokers |
538.0 | 503.6 | 505.4 | 508.6 | 535.5 | 502.5 | 503.4 | 506.3 | 2.9 |
Retail trade |
16,159.7 | 15,183.7 | 15,500.8 | 15,730.5 | 15,672.2 | 15,162.0 | 15,140.8 | 15,261.3 | 120.5 |
Motor vehicle and parts dealers |
2,049.0 | 1,962.0 | 1,965.3 | 1,974.5 | 2,057.1 | 1,961.6 | 1,965.7 | 1,980.8 | 15.1 |
Automobile dealers |
1,304.0 | 1,226.2 | 1,227.4 | 1,239.2 | 1,306.5 | 1,223.3 | 1,226.3 | 1,239.7 | 13.4 |
Other motor vehicle dealers |
159.2 | 156.8 | 154.8 | 153.6 | 166.3 | 159.0 | 159.0 | 160.3 | 1.3 |
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores |
585.8 | 579.0 | 583.1 | 581.7 | 584.3 | 579.3 | 580.4 | 580.8 | 0.4 |
Furniture and home furnishings stores |
491.8 | 428.9 | 444.6 | 457.7 | 470.2 | 429.3 | 433.6 | 435.9 | 2.3 |
Electronics and appliance stores |
495.9 | 458.0 | 465.8 | 465.7 | 479.8 | 454.2 | 446.4 | 445.9 | -0.5 |
Building material and garden supply stores |
1,269.9 | 1,383.1 | 1,376.2 | 1,369.9 | 1,305.8 | 1,402.3 | 1,405.5 | 1,407.3 | 1.8 |
Food and beverage stores |
3,119.7 | 3,152.2 | 3,182.5 | 3,198.4 | 3,088.3 | 3,148.8 | 3,155.9 | 3,163.8 | 7.9 |
Health and personal care stores |
1,082.8 | 986.0 | 997.0 | 1,014.0 | 1,055.8 | 985.9 | 978.1 | 987.9 | 9.8 |
Gasoline stations |
949.1 | 928.5 | 930.5 | 930.6 | 951.5 | 929.1 | 929.7 | 931.3 | 1.6 |
Clothing and clothing accessories stores |
1,410.5 | 958.7 | 1,022.2 | 1,069.7 | 1,286.9 | 970.0 | 966.2 | 973.9 | 7.7 |
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores |
589.4 | 459.1 | 476.5 | 492.1 | 543.1 | 459.4 | 450.8 | 453.5 | 2.7 |
General merchandise stores |
3,291.9 | 3,148.5 | 3,318.7 | 3,411.6 | 3,060.7 | 3,126.5 | 3,115.9 | 3,172.6 | 56.7 |
Department stores |
1,231.3 | 1,054.7 | 1,128.1 | 1,166.1 | 1,090.6 | 1,042.3 | 1,032.4 | 1,030.4 | -2.0 |
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters |
2,060.6 | 2,093.8 | 2,190.6 | 2,245.5 | 1,970.1 | 2,084.2 | 2,083.5 | 2,142.2 | 58.7 |
Miscellaneous store retailers |
834.3 | 750.3 | 745.6 | 750.0 | 821.5 | 732.4 | 735.1 | 736.2 | 1.1 |
Nonstore retailers |
575.4 | 568.4 | 575.9 | 596.3 | 551.5 | 562.5 | 557.9 | 572.2 | 14.3 |
Transportation and warehousing |
5,925.3 | 5,454.3 | 5,697.9 | 5,926.3 | 5,655.9 | 5,414.2 | 5,542.2 | 5,588.8 | 46.6 |
Air transportation |
506.3 | 386.2 | 387.4 | 390.3 | 508.2 | 385.9 | 388.9 | 391.7 | 2.8 |
Rail transportation |
163.7 | 145.2 | 145.2 | 145.2 | 163.8 | 145.1 | 144.9 | 144.9 | 0.0 |
Water transportation |
64.3 | 56.6 | 55.9 | 55.7 | 65.2 | 56.7 | 57.4 | 56.8 | -0.6 |
Truck transportation |
1,525.2 | 1,478.3 | 1,484.9 | 1,482.4 | 1,526.4 | 1,465.2 | 1,477.0 | 1,484.3 | 7.3 |
Transit and ground passenger transportation |
522.0 | 402.7 | 403.8 | 394.6 | 506.1 | 384.6 | 387.0 | 378.4 | -8.6 |
Pipeline transportation |
51.4 | 49.3 | 49.3 | 49.3 | 51.2 | 49.3 | 49.3 | 49.3 | 0.0 |
Scenic and sightseeing transportation |
30.0 | 24.1 | 21.8 | 20.6 | 35.9 | 23.6 | 25.7 | 24.5 | -1.2 |
Support activities for transportation |
765.9 | 688.8 | 696.3 | 700.1 | 760.7 | 687.9 | 692.5 | 693.8 | 1.3 |
Couriers and messengers |
1,073.1 | 942.6 | 1,134.3 | 1,361.8 | 846.4 | 948.0 | 1,032.2 | 1,069.6 | 37.4 |
Warehousing and storage |
1,223.4 | 1,280.5 | 1,319.0 | 1,326.3 | 1,192.0 | 1,267.9 | 1,287.3 | 1,295.5 | 8.2 |
Utilities |
549.3 | 537.5 | 538.5 | 539.6 | 547.9 | 538.6 | 538.1 | 537.7 | -0.4 |
Information |
2,895 | 2,631 | 2,642 | 2,640 | 2,883 | 2,625 | 2,627 | 2,626 | -1 |
Publishing industries, except Internet |
765.9 | 739.8 | 743.1 | 744.6 | 764.4 | 739.1 | 740.4 | 743.8 | 3.4 |
Motion picture and sound recording industries |
459.5 | 272.9 | 272.1 | 270.5 | 454.4 | 266.8 | 267.6 | 264.2 | -3.4 |
Broadcasting, except Internet |
265.6 | 246.2 | 247.5 | 246.3 | 264.0 | 246.0 | 246.6 | 245.0 | -1.6 |
Telecommunications |
708.1 | 676.9 | 679.6 | 677.0 | 704.3 | 675.6 | 674.8 | 672.3 | -2.5 |
Data processing, hosting and related services |
345.2 | 338.8 | 339.4 | 340.9 | 346.4 | 339.1 | 338.8 | 341.4 | 2.6 |
Other information services |
351.0 | 356.4 | 359.9 | 360.2 | 349.5 | 358.0 | 359.2 | 359.4 | 0.2 |
Financial activities |
8,819 | 8,723 | 8,737 | 8,758 | 8,814 | 8,715 | 8,731 | 8,743 | 12 |
Finance and insurance |
6,475.4 | 6,496.9 | 6,515.7 | 6,530.2 | 6,464.4 | 6,498.7 | 6,507.7 | 6,514.6 | 6.9 |
Monetary authorities - central bank |
19.1 | 19.9 | 19.8 | 19.9 | 19.2 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.1 | 0.1 |
Credit intermediation and related |
2,672.7 | 2,663.9 | 2,677.5 | 2,681.5 | 2,669.1 | 2,670.2 | 2,677.3 | 2,677.1 | -0.2 |
Depository credit intermediation(1) |
1,782.0 | 1,749.0 | 1,751.8 | 1,750.3 | 1,783.4 | 1,757.8 | 1,755.3 | 1,750.9 | -4.4 |
Commercial banking |
1,390.9 | 1,361.2 | 1,362.2 | 1,359.8 | 1,392.8 | 1,368.7 | 1,365.7 | 1,361.8 | -3.9 |
Nondepository credit intermediation |
582.9 | 597.7 | 604.2 | 609.1 | 580.2 | 595.3 | 603.2 | 606.5 | 3.3 |
Activities related to credit intermediation |
307.8 | 317.2 | 321.5 | 322.1 | 305.5 | 317.1 | 318.8 | 319.7 | 0.9 |
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts |
971.0 | 979.6 | 974.6 | 980.3 | 968.6 | 976.3 | 974.9 | 977.0 | 2.1 |
Insurance carriers and related activities |
2,812.6 | 2,833.5 | 2,843.8 | 2,848.5 | 2,807.5 | 2,832.2 | 2,835.5 | 2,840.4 | 4.9 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
2,344.0 | 2,225.9 | 2,220.8 | 2,228.2 | 2,349.1 | 2,216.6 | 2,223.4 | 2,228.2 | 4.8 |
Real estate |
1,747.9 | 1,713.7 | 1,718.0 | 1,724.0 | 1,743.5 | 1,705.2 | 1,716.5 | 1,717.0 | 0.5 |
Rental and leasing services |
572.4 | 488.9 | 479.5 | 481.0 | 582.0 | 488.3 | 483.8 | 488.2 | 4.4 |
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets |
23.7 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.2 | 23.6 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 23.0 | -0.1 |
Professional and business services |
21,600 | 20,670 | 20,748 | 20,800 | 21,503 | 20,443 | 20,531 | 20,692 | 161 |
Professional and technical services |
9,693.5 | 9,441.3 | 9,469.6 | 9,540.8 | 9,667.4 | 9,449.4 | 9,455.6 | 9,508.1 | 52.5 |
Legal services |
1,162.3 | 1,121.3 | 1,125.7 | 1,129.0 | 1,156.3 | 1,119.2 | 1,122.8 | 1,122.6 | -0.2 |
Accounting and bookkeeping services |
1,039.4 | 963.6 | 980.8 | 1,019.8 | 1,037.1 | 1,012.9 | 1,011.7 | 1,014.0 | 2.3 |
Architectural and engineering services |
1,528.5 | 1,512.3 | 1,512.2 | 1,513.4 | 1,530.2 | 1,504.2 | 1,510.1 | 1,514.5 | 4.4 |
Specialized design services |
146.7 | 138.2 | 137.8 | 138.5 | 144.4 | 137.6 | 136.8 | 136.4 | -0.4 |
Computer systems design and related services |
2,233.6 | 2,204.6 | 2,203.6 | 2,203.9 | 2,238.9 | 2,193.6 | 2,188.6 | 2,208.9 | 20.3 |
Management and technical consulting services |
1,570.2 | 1,534.4 | 1,536.7 | 1,543.4 | 1,557.2 | 1,518.2 | 1,519.6 | 1,528.8 | 9.2 |
Scientific research and development services |
745.7 | 761.8 | 765.8 | 770.8 | 744.8 | 764.7 | 766.5 | 770.2 | 3.7 |
Advertising and related services |
497.1 | 447.4 | 447.6 | 452.0 | 495.1 | 445.4 | 446.8 | 449.2 | 2.4 |
Other professional and technical services |
770.0 | 757.7 | 759.4 | 770.0 | 763.4 | 753.6 | 752.7 | 763.5 | 10.8 |
Management of companies and enterprises |
2,451.5 | 2,356.1 | 2,357.8 | 2,373.1 | 2,447.7 | 2,358.6 | 2,357.4 | 2,368.1 | 10.7 |
Administrative and waste services |
9,455.0 | 8,872.3 | 8,920.6 | 8,886.4 | 9,387.4 | 8,634.5 | 8,717.9 | 8,815.3 | 97.4 |
Administrative and support services |
8,991.2 | 8,412.9 | 8,459.6 | 8,425.5 | 8,922.2 | 8,175.8 | 8,257.0 | 8,352.8 | 95.8 |
Office administrative services |
529.6 | 512.1 | 512.9 | 514.4 | 530.1 | 509.6 | 511.1 | 514.6 | 3.5 |
Facilities support services |
167.0 | 155.7 | 154.5 | 154.4 | 166.7 | 154.3 | 154.3 | 154.1 | -0.2 |
Employment services(1) |
3,797.9 | 3,418.1 | 3,486.2 | 3,553.1 | 3,653.4 | 3,267.7 | 3,317.5 | 3,405.9 | 88.4 |
Temporary help services |
3,086.3 | 2,751.2 | 2,813.5 | 2,866.1 | 2,950.0 | 2,616.9 | 2,658.7 | 2,726.3 | 67.6 |
Business support services |
892.4 | 793.1 | 807.8 | 816.2 | 869.5 | 781.7 | 788.0 | 795.2 | 7.2 |
Travel arrangement and reservation services |
220.1 | 154.3 | 152.0 | 149.2 | 222.5 | 154.3 | 152.3 | 150.6 | -1.7 |
Investigation and security services |
966.4 | 921.1 | 926.1 | 917.1 | 962.9 | 917.4 | 919.5 | 913.0 | -6.5 |
Services to buildings and dwellings |
2,075.4 | 2,156.2 | 2,117.2 | 2,017.4 | 2,170.0 | 2,094.8 | 2,110.4 | 2,112.0 | 1.6 |
Other support services |
342.4 | 302.3 | 302.9 | 303.7 | 347.1 | 296.0 | 303.9 | 307.4 | 3.5 |
Waste management and remediation services |
463.8 | 459.4 | 461.0 | 460.9 | 465.2 | 458.7 | 460.9 | 462.5 | 1.6 |
Education and health services |
24,633 | 23,487 | 23,581 | 23,470 | 24,465 | 23,279 | 23,323 | 23,292 | -31 |
Educational services |
3,909.2 | 3,610.3 | 3,629.9 | 3,483.0 | 3,810.3 | 3,445.6 | 3,441.0 | 3,378.5 | -62.5 |
Health care and social assistance |
20,724.0 | 19,876.2 | 19,950.6 | 19,987.3 | 20,654.2 | 19,833.3 | 19,881.8 | 19,913.8 | 32.0 |
Health care(3) |
16,497.8 | 15,963.2 | 16,011.1 | 16,066.3 | 16,438.6 | 15,935.4 | 15,966.4 | 16,005.2 | 38.8 |
Ambulatory health care services |
7,842.8 | 7,641.8 | 7,687.8 | 7,716.2 | 7,811.1 | 7,627.0 | 7,661.4 | 7,682.1 | 20.7 |
Offices of physicians |
2,726.5 | 2,663.4 | 2,673.2 | 2,679.9 | 2,709.2 | 2,659.2 | 2,662.5 | 2,662.7 | 0.2 |
Offices of dentists |
977.8 | 957.4 | 963.7 | 969.3 | 974.0 | 957.9 | 960.8 | 965.4 | 4.6 |
Offices of other health practitioners |
985.4 | 925.6 | 932.5 | 937.1 | 982.0 | 923.4 | 929.8 | 933.7 | 3.9 |
Outpatient care centers |
980.9 | 973.5 | 982.4 | 992.0 | 977.4 | 976.1 | 983.3 | 987.6 | 4.3 |
Medical and diagnostic laboratories |
289.0 | 281.8 | 283.6 | 284.4 | 288.2 | 282.7 | 282.9 | 283.5 | 0.6 |
Home health care services |
1,564.2 | 1,534.3 | 1,546.4 | 1,545.2 | 1,560.1 | 1,525.6 | 1,538.4 | 1,539.9 | 1.5 |
Other ambulatory health care services |
319.0 | 305.8 | 306.0 | 308.3 | 320.3 | 302.1 | 303.7 | 309.3 | 5.6 |
Hospitals |
5,255.3 | 5,166.1 | 5,177.9 | 5,208.8 | 5,242.1 | 5,156.8 | 5,164.4 | 5,195.9 | 31.5 |
Nursing and residential care facilities |
3,399.7 | 3,155.3 | 3,145.4 | 3,141.3 | 3,385.4 | 3,151.6 | 3,140.6 | 3,127.2 | -13.4 |
Nursing care facilities |
1,594.8 | 1,459.6 | 1,450.1 | 1,445.2 | 1,588.2 | 1,457.6 | 1,445.4 | 1,439.3 | -6.1 |
Residential mental health facilities |
652.2 | 622.6 | 621.3 | 620.4 | 650.7 | 622.6 | 620.6 | 619.2 | -1.4 |
Community care facilities for the elderly |
985.6 | 915.0 | 916.6 | 918.7 | 979.7 | 913.3 | 917.2 | 912.2 | -5.0 |
Other residential care facilities |
167.1 | 158.1 | 157.4 | 157.0 | 166.8 | 158.1 | 157.4 | 156.5 | -0.9 |
Social assistance |
4,226.2 | 3,913.0 | 3,939.5 | 3,921.0 | 4,215.6 | 3,897.9 | 3,915.4 | 3,908.6 | -6.8 |
Individual and family services |
2,672.0 | 2,570.6 | 2,594.1 | 2,581.9 | 2,670.2 | 2,567.2 | 2,585.7 | 2,578.7 | -7.0 |
Emergency and other relief services |
188.4 | 180.6 | 184.0 | 185.5 | 186.2 | 181.4 | 183.6 | 183.1 | -0.5 |
Vocational rehabilitation services |
325.2 | 284.4 | 281.9 | 279.6 | 325.2 | 285.7 | 282.8 | 279.6 | -3.2 |
Child day care services |
1,040.6 | 877.4 | 879.5 | 874.0 | 1,034.0 | 863.6 | 863.3 | 867.2 | 3.9 |
Leisure and hospitality |
16,450 | 13,365 | 13,225 | 12,712 | 16,784 | 13,382 | 13,457 | 12,959 | -498 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
2,311.7 | 1,718.7 | 1,676.2 | 1,584.0 | 2,481.5 | 1,738.1 | 1,786.6 | 1,684.0 | -102.6 |
Performing arts and spectator sports |
493.7 | 304.3 | 312.5 | 300.1 | 514.3 | 297.2 | 321.0 | 310.5 | -10.5 |
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions |
171.1 | 134.0 | 130.7 | 129.6 | 178.5 | 133.6 | 134.8 | 134.6 | -0.2 |
Amusements, gambling, and recreation |
1,646.9 | 1,280.4 | 1,233.0 | 1,154.3 | 1,788.7 | 1,307.3 | 1,330.8 | 1,238.9 | -91.9 |
Accommodation and food services |
14,138.5 | 11,646.2 | 11,549.0 | 11,127.7 | 14,302.9 | 11,643.7 | 11,670.2 | 11,274.6 | -395.6 |
Accommodation |
2,032.6 | 1,422.2 | 1,387.5 | 1,358.9 | 2,099.6 | 1,436.2 | 1,449.1 | 1,425.5 | -23.6 |
Food services and drinking places |
12,105.9 | 10,224.0 | 10,161.5 | 9,768.8 | 12,203.3 | 10,207.5 | 10,221.1 | 9,849.1 | -372.0 |
Other services |
5,902 | 5,504 | 5,499 | 5,468 | 5,925 | 5,504 | 5,510 | 5,488 | -22 |
Repair and maintenance |
1,357.8 | 1,329.4 | 1,328.8 | 1,323.3 | 1,365.4 | 1,326.4 | 1,331.2 | 1,330.2 | -1.0 |
Personal and laundry services |
1,533.7 | 1,290.2 | 1,291.4 | 1,279.7 | 1,533.0 | 1,288.8 | 1,291.7 | 1,279.3 | -12.4 |
Membership associations and organizations |
3,010.5 | 2,884.3 | 2,879.1 | 2,864.9 | 3,026.3 | 2,889.1 | 2,887.2 | 2,878.7 | -8.5 |
Government |
23,011 | 21,931 | 21,943 | 21,750 | 22,679 | 21,527 | 21,446 | 21,401 | -45 |
Federal |
2,859.0 | 2,988 | 2,906 | 2,922 | 2,847.0 | 2,988 | 2,902 | 2,908 | 6 |
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service |
2,237.8 | 2,385.6 | 2,291.9 | 2,296.9 | 2,243.7 | 2,383.4 | 2,296.8 | 2,301.9 | 5.1 |
U.S. Postal Service |
620.7 | 602.0 | 613.9 | 624.7 | 603.1 | 604.4 | 605.3 | 605.9 | 0.6 |
State government |
5,291.0 | 5,031 | 5,028 | 4,939 | 5,184.0 | 4,850 | 4,845 | 4,826 | -19 |
State government education |
2,600.1 | 2,336.8 | 2,347.4 | 2,262.9 | 2,481.3 | 2,156.3 | 2,156.9 | 2,137.0 | -19.9 |
State government, excluding education |
2,690.6 | 2,694.6 | 2,680.3 | 2,676.5 | 2,702.4 | 2,693.3 | 2,688.0 | 2,688.8 | 0.8 |
Local government |
14,861.0 | 13,912 | 14,009 | 13,889 | 14,648.0 | 13,689 | 13,699 | 13,667 | -32 |
Local government education |
8,340.4 | 7,636.1 | 7,703.9 | 7,669.7 | 8,039.2 | 7,371.6 | 7,363.4 | 7,363.1 | -0.3 |
Local government, excluding education |
6,520.2 | 6,276.3 | 6,305.4 | 6,218.8 | 6,609.2 | 6,317.8 | 6,335.4 | 6,303.9 | -31.5 |
Footnotes |
|||||||||
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. |
Industry | Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS |
||||
Total private |
34.3 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 34.7 |
Goods-producing |
40.1 | 40.0 | 39.9 | 39.9 |
Mining and logging |
45.8 | 44.4 | 44.7 | 44.6 |
Construction |
39.0 | 38.9 | 39.0 | 39.1 |
Manufacturing |
40.4 | 40.4 | 40.2 | 40.2 |
Durable goods |
40.9 | 40.6 | 40.5 | 40.4 |
Nondurable goods |
39.7 | 40.2 | 39.7 | 39.9 |
Private service-providing |
33.2 | 33.8 | 33.8 | 33.7 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
34.1 | 34.5 | 34.5 | 34.1 |
Wholesale trade |
38.8 | 38.7 | 38.6 | 38.6 |
Retail trade |
30.6 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 30.4 |
Transportation and warehousing |
38.3 | 38.9 | 38.9 | 38.8 |
Utilities |
42.4 | 42.9 | 43.0 | 42.9 |
Information |
36.3 | 36.8 | 36.9 | 36.9 |
Financial activities |
37.5 | 37.7 | 37.7 | 37.7 |
Professional and business services |
36.1 | 36.6 | 36.7 | 36.7 |
Education and health services |
33.0 | 33.5 | 33.5 | 33.7 |
Leisure and hospitality |
25.8 | 26.0 | 25.7 | 25.2 |
Other services |
31.8 | 32.5 | 32.4 | 32.4 |
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS |
||||
Manufacturing |
3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
Durable goods |
3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
Nondurable goods |
3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 |
Footnotes |
||||
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. |
Industry | Average hourly earnings | Average weekly earnings | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
|
Total private |
$28.37 | $29.49 | $29.58 | $29.81 | $973.09 | $1,026.25 | $1,029.38 | $1,034.41 |
Goods-producing |
29.43 | 30.12 | 30.23 | 30.24 | 1,180.14 | 1,204.80 | 1,206.18 | 1,206.58 |
Mining and logging |
34.57 | 35.24 | 34.95 | 35.14 | 1,583.31 | 1,564.66 | 1,562.27 | 1,567.24 |
Construction |
31.15 | 31.87 | 31.96 | 32.02 | 1,214.85 | 1,239.74 | 1,246.44 | 1,251.98 |
Manufacturing |
28.14 | 28.82 | 28.96 | 28.92 | 1,136.86 | 1,164.33 | 1,164.19 | 1,162.58 |
Durable goods |
29.62 | 30.33 | 30.45 | 30.40 | 1,211.46 | 1,231.40 | 1,233.23 | 1,228.16 |
Nondurable goods |
25.58 | 26.29 | 26.45 | 26.42 | 1,015.53 | 1,056.86 | 1,050.07 | 1,054.16 |
Private service-providing |
28.12 | 29.35 | 29.42 | 29.71 | 933.58 | 992.03 | 994.40 | 1,001.23 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
24.50 | 25.46 | 25.49 | 25.64 | 835.45 | 878.37 | 879.41 | 874.32 |
Wholesale trade |
31.61 | 32.70 | 32.74 | 32.84 | 1,226.47 | 1,265.49 | 1,263.76 | 1,267.62 |
Retail trade |
20.04 | 21.11 | 21.15 | 21.31 | 613.22 | 654.41 | 655.65 | 647.82 |
Transportation and warehousing |
24.92 | 25.57 | 25.54 | 25.64 | 954.44 | 994.67 | 993.51 | 994.83 |
Utilities |
42.14 | 44.32 | 44.52 | 44.38 | 1,786.74 | 1,901.33 | 1,914.36 | 1,903.90 |
Information |
42.57 | 44.68 | 44.37 | 44.37 | 1,545.29 | 1,644.22 | 1,637.25 | 1,637.25 |
Financial activities |
36.53 | 38.64 | 38.78 | 38.99 | 1,369.88 | 1,456.73 | 1,462.01 | 1,469.92 |
Professional and business services |
34.23 | 35.29 | 35.37 | 35.60 | 1,235.70 | 1,291.61 | 1,298.08 | 1,306.52 |
Education and health services |
27.86 | 28.61 | 28.72 | 29.05 | 919.38 | 958.44 | 962.12 | 978.99 |
Leisure and hospitality |
16.77 | 17.05 | 17.02 | 17.04 | 432.67 | 443.30 | 437.41 | 429.41 |
Other services |
25.55 | 26.34 | 26.50 | 26.63 | 812.49 | 856.05 | 858.60 | 862.81 |
Footnotes |
||||||||
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. |
Industry | Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) | Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
Percent change from: Nov. 2020 - Dec. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
Percent change from: Nov. 2020 - Dec. 2020(p) |
|
Total private |
111.4 | 105.6 | 106.0 | 105.6 | -0.4 | 151.0 | 148.9 | 149.9 | 150.5 | 0.4 |
Goods-producing |
96.6 | 92.0 | 92.1 | 92.5 | 0.4 | 128.4 | 125.3 | 125.8 | 126.4 | 0.5 |
Mining and logging |
102.9 | 86.9 | 87.9 | 88.3 | 0.5 | 142.8 | 123.0 | 123.4 | 124.6 | 1.0 |
Construction |
101.6 | 98.3 | 99.0 | 99.9 | 0.9 | 137.5 | 136.2 | 137.4 | 139.0 | 1.2 |
Manufacturing |
93.5 | 88.9 | 88.7 | 89.0 | 0.3 | 122.4 | 119.2 | 119.5 | 119.7 | 0.2 |
Durable goods |
92.9 | 87.1 | 87.2 | 87.3 | 0.1 | 122.2 | 117.4 | 117.9 | 117.8 | -0.1 |
Nondurable goods |
95.2 | 92.6 | 91.6 | 92.3 | 0.8 | 123.5 | 123.5 | 122.9 | 123.8 | 0.7 |
Private service-providing |
115.6 | 109.6 | 110.0 | 109.4 | -0.5 | 158.0 | 156.3 | 157.3 | 158.0 | 0.4 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
103.5 | 100.7 | 101.2 | 100.7 | -0.5 | 136.7 | 138.3 | 139.1 | 139.3 | 0.1 |
Wholesale trade |
101.5 | 96.4 | 96.3 | 96.8 | 0.5 | 134.3 | 131.8 | 131.9 | 132.9 | 0.8 |
Retail trade |
97.4 | 95.4 | 95.3 | 94.2 | -1.2 | 129.0 | 133.2 | 133.2 | 132.7 | -0.4 |
Transportation and warehousing |
124.5 | 121.0 | 123.9 | 124.6 | 0.6 | 157.8 | 157.4 | 161.0 | 162.5 | 0.9 |
Utilities |
100.5 | 100.0 | 100.1 | 99.8 | -0.3 | 139.9 | 146.4 | 147.3 | 146.3 | -0.7 |
Information |
95.6 | 88.2 | 88.5 | 88.5 | 0.0 | 144.9 | 140.3 | 139.9 | 139.8 | -0.1 |
Financial activities |
108.3 | 107.7 | 107.9 | 108.0 | 0.1 | 154.3 | 162.3 | 163.1 | 164.2 | 0.7 |
Professional and business services |
121.7 | 117.3 | 118.1 | 119.1 | 0.8 | 168.7 | 167.6 | 169.2 | 171.6 | 1.4 |
Education and health services |
131.8 | 127.3 | 127.6 | 128.2 | 0.5 | 176.7 | 175.3 | 176.3 | 179.1 | 1.6 |
Leisure and hospitality |
123.6 | 99.3 | 98.7 | 93.2 | -5.6 | 167.2 | 136.6 | 135.5 | 128.1 | -5.5 |
Other services |
108.6 | 103.1 | 102.9 | 102.5 | -0.4 | 152.1 | 148.9 | 149.5 | 149.6 | 0.1 |
Footnotes |
||||||||||
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. |
Industry | Women employees (in thousands) | Percent of all employees | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
|
Total nonfarm |
76,047 | 70,859 | 71,038 | 70,882 | 50.0 | 49.8 | 49.8 | 49.7 |
Total private |
62,936 | 58,481 | 58,684 | 58,569 | 48.7 | 48.4 | 48.4 | 48.3 |
Goods-producing |
4,762 | 4,569 | 4,581 | 4,601 | 22.5 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 22.6 |
Mining and logging |
97 | 92 | 89 | 90 | 13.6 | 14.8 | 14.2 | 14.3 |
Construction |
987 | 975 | 979 | 984 | 13.1 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 |
Manufacturing |
3,678 | 3,502 | 3,513 | 3,527 | 28.6 | 28.6 | 28.6 | 28.7 |
Durable goods |
1,953 | 1,862 | 1,869 | 1,876 | 24.2 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 |
Nondurable goods |
1,725 | 1,640 | 1,644 | 1,651 | 35.9 | 35.6 | 35.6 | 35.6 |
Private service-providing |
58,174 | 53,912 | 54,103 | 53,968 | 53.8 | 53.5 | 53.5 | 53.5 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
11,148 | 10,517 | 10,577 | 10,660 | 40.1 | 39.3 | 39.3 | 39.4 |
Wholesale trade |
1,792.9 | 1,694.7 | 1,696.0 | 1,700.6 | 30.2 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 29.9 |
Retail trade |
7,756.0 | 7,353.4 | 7,354.4 | 7,407.7 | 49.5 | 48.5 | 48.6 | 48.5 |
Transportation and warehousing |
1,466.1 | 1,335.4 | 1,393.3 | 1,418.2 | 25.9 | 24.7 | 25.1 | 25.4 |
Utilities |
133.3 | 133.5 | 133.5 | 133.5 | 24.3 | 24.8 | 24.8 | 24.8 |
Information |
1,146 | 1,052 | 1,051 | 1,052 | 39.8 | 40.1 | 40.0 | 40.1 |
Financial activities |
4,993 | 4,931 | 4,939 | 4,936 | 56.6 | 56.6 | 56.6 | 56.5 |
Professional and business services |
9,853 | 9,399 | 9,446 | 9,542 | 45.8 | 46.0 | 46.0 | 46.1 |
Education and health services |
18,940 | 17,966 | 18,022 | 18,013 | 77.4 | 77.2 | 77.3 | 77.3 |
Leisure and hospitality |
8,937 | 7,141 | 7,168 | 6,886 | 53.2 | 53.4 | 53.3 | 53.1 |
Other services |
3,157 | 2,906 | 2,900 | 2,879 | 53.3 | 52.8 | 52.6 | 52.5 |
Government |
13,111 | 12,378 | 12,354 | 12,313 | 57.8 | 57.5 | 57.6 | 57.5 |
Footnotes |
||||||||
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. |
Industry | Dec. 2019 |
Oct. 2020 |
Nov. 2020(p) |
Dec. 2020(p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total private |
106,300 | 98,538 |