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Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 09-0004 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, January 9, 2009. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 2008 Nonfarm payroll employment declined sharply in December, and the unemployment rate rose from 6.8 to 7.2 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Payroll employment fell by 524,000 over the month and by 1.9 million over the last 4 months of 2008. In December, job losses were large and widespread across most major industry sectors. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) In December, the number of unemployed persons increased by 632,000 to 11.1 mil- lion and the unemployment rate rose to 7.2 percent. Since the start of the reces- sion in December 2007, the number of unemployed persons has grown by 3.6 million, and the unemployment rate has risen by 2.3 percentage points. (See table A-1.) The unemployment rates for adult men (7.2 percent), adult women (5.9 percent), and whites (6.6 percent) increased in December. The jobless rates for teenagers (20.8 percent), blacks (11.9 percent), and Hispanics (9.2 percent) were little changed over the month. The unemployment rate for Asians was 5.1 percent in Decem- ber, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed tempo- rary jobs rose by 315,000 to 6.5 million in December. Over the past 12 months, the size of this group has increased by 2.7 million. (See table A-8.) The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) rose to 2.6 million in December and was up by 1.3 million in 2008. (See table A-9.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data | | | | Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using | |updated seasonal adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of | |each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2004| |were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January-November | |2008 (as originally published and as revised) appear on page 5, along | |with additional information about the revisions. | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) _______________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | Nov.- Category |_________________|__________________________| Dec. | | | | | | change | III | IV | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ | HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |_____________________________________________________ | | | | | | Civilian labor force ....| 154,650| 154,648| 154,878| 154,620| 154,447| -173 Employment ............| 145,299| 144,046| 144,657| 144,144| 143,338| -806 Unemployment ..........| 9,350| 10,602| 10,221| 10,476| 11,108| 632 Not in labor force ......| 79,460| 80,177| 79,734| 80,208| 80,588| 380 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | | Unemployment rates |_____________________________________________________ | | | | | | All workers .............| 6.0| 6.9| 6.6| 6.8| 7.2| 0.4 Adult men .............| 5.8| 6.8| 6.4| 6.7| 7.2| .5 Adult women ...........| 5.0| 5.6| 5.4| 5.6| 5.9| .3 Teenagers .............| 19.7| 20.7| 20.7| 20.4| 20.8| .4 White .................| 5.4| 6.3| 6.0| 6.2| 6.6| .4 Black or African | | | | | | American ............| 10.7| 11.5| 11.3| 11.3| 11.9| .6 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity ...........| 7.8| 8.9| 8.8| 8.6| 9.2| .6 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |_____________________________________________________ | | | | | | Nonfarm employment.......| 137,331|p136,033| 136,597|p136,013|p135,489| p-524 Goods-producing (1)....| 21,351| p20,844| 21,049| p20,867| p20,616| p-251 Construction ........| 7,141| p6,929| 7,019| p6,934| p6,833| p-101 Manufacturing .......| 13,423| p13,115| 13,234| p13,130| p12,981| p-149 Service-providing (1)..| 115,980|p115,189| 115,548|p115,146|p114,873| p-273 Retail trade (2)...| 15,259| p15,043| 15,132| p15,032| p14,966| p-67 Professional and | | | | | | business services .| 17,849| p17,574| 17,708| p17,563| p17,450| p-113 Education and health | | | | | | services ..........| 18,975| p19,058| 19,012| p19,059| p19,104| p45 Leisure and | | | | | | hospitality .......| 13,627| p13,505| 13,557| p13,490| p13,468| p-22 Government ..........| 22,504| p22,510| 22,510| p22,507| p22,514| p7 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | | Hours of work (3) |_____________________________________________________ | | | | | | Total private ...........| 33.7| p33.4| 33.5| p33.5| p33.3| p-0.2 Manufacturing .........| 40.8| p40.2| 40.4| p40.3| p39.9| p-.4 Overtime ............| 3.7| p3.3| 3.5| p3.3| p3.0| p-.3 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3) |_____________________________________________________ | | | | | | Total private ...........| 106.6| p104.5| 105.3| p104.7| p103.5| p-1.2 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | | Earnings (3) |_____________________________________________________ Average hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private .........| $18.12| p$18.30| $18.23| p$18.31| p$18.36| p$0.05 Average weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private .........| 610.15| p611.83| 610.71| p613.39| p611.39| p-2.00 _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data. 3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers. p = preliminary. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised. See note on page 5. - 3 - Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The civilian labor force (154.4 million) and the labor force participation rate (65.7 percent) were little changed in December. The employment-population ratio fell by 0.4 percentage point to 61.0 percent over the month and by 1.7 percentage points in 2008. (See table A-1.) In December, the number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons (some- times referred to as involuntary part-time workers) continued to increase, reaching 8.0 million. The number of such workers rose by 3.4 million over the past 12 months. This category includes persons who would like to work full time but were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find full- time jobs. (See table A-5.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.9 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in December, 564,000 more than 12 months earlier. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 642,000 discouraged work- ers in December, up by 279,000 from a year earlier. Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work specifically because they believe no jobs are available for them. The other 1.3 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in December had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment declined sharply (-524,000) in December. Over the past 4 months, payroll employment has fallen by 1.9 million, or 1.4 percent. In Decem- ber, large job losses continued in manufacturing, construction, and employment services, while health care continued to add jobs. (See table B-1.) Manufacturing employment fell by 149,000 in December, the largest over-the-month de- cline since August 2001. Factory job losses totaled 791,000 in 2008, with nearly half of the decrease occurring in the fourth quarter. In December, declines were widespread among the component industries. The largest job losses occurred in fabricated metal products (-28,000) and motor vehicles and parts (-21,000). Employment in construction continued to decline (-101,000) in December and has fallen by 899,000 since peaking in September 2006. Over the month, job losses occurred through- out the industry. Within professional and business services, the temporary help industry lost 81,000 jobs in December, bringing job losses in 2008 to 490,000. In December, employment also fell in the management of companies and enterprises (-8,000) and in architectural and engineering services (-7,000). Employment in retail trade declined by 67,000 in December and by 522,000 for all of 2008. More than half of the losses in 2008 occurred in the last 4 months of the year. In December, employment decreased in automobile dealerships (-22,000), furniture and home furnishing stores (-8,000), and electronics and appliance stores (-5,000). Whole- sale trade employment fell by 30,000 over the month and by 164,000 in 2008. - 4 - Elsewhere in the service-providing sector, employment in transportation and ware- housing declined by 24,000 in December, with losses in truck transportation (-16,000) and air transportation (-4,000). The information industry lost 20,000 jobs over the month. Food services employment continued to trend downward (-20,000) and has de- creased by 104,000 since its recent peak in June 2008. Employment in financial activities edged down in December and fell by 148,000 in 2008. Health care employment continued to grow in December (32,000), with over-the-month job gains in ambulatory services (14,000) and hospitals (12,000). In 2008, health care added 372,000 jobs. The change in total nonfarm employment for October was revised from -320,000 to -423,000, and the change for November was revised from -533,000 to -584,000. Monthly revisions result from additional sample reports and the monthly recalculation of sea- sonal factors. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) In December, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on pri- vate nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.2 hour to 33.3 hours, seasonally adjusted--the lowest level on record for the series, which began in 1964. The manufacturing workweek, at 39.9 hours, declined by 0.4 hour over the month, and factory overtime, at 3.0 hours, declined by 0.3 hour. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 1.1 percent in December and 4.0 percent since peaking in December 2007. The manufacturing index declined by 2.4 percent over the month. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) In December, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents, or 0.3 percent, seasonally adjusted. This followed gains of 8 cents in November and 6 cents in October. For all of 2008, average hourly earnings increased by 3.7 percent and average weekly earnings rose by 2.2 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for January 2009 is scheduled to be released on Friday, Feb- ruary 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). - 5 - Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2004-November 2008 were subject to revision. Table B shows the unemployment rates for January to November 2008, as first published and as revised. The rates were unchanged in 5 of the 11 months and changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in the remaining 6 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series beginning in December 2007 appear in table C. An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised data for January 2008-November 2008 is available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2009.pdf. Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data for additional series are available on the Internet at ftp://ftp.bls.gov/ pub/special.requests/lf/. Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to revision, January-November 2008 Year and month As first As Change published revised 2008 January ............... 4.9 4.9 0.0 February .............. 4.8 4.8 .0 March ................. 5.1 5.1 .0 April ................. 5.0 5.0 .0 May ................... 5.5 5.5 .0 June .................. 5.5 5.6 .1 July .................. 5.7 5.8 .1 August ................ 6.1 6.2 .1 September ............. 6.1 6.2 .1 October ............... 6.5 6.6 .1 November .............. 6.7 6.8 .1 - 6 - HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 2007 2008 Employment status, sex, and age Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population(1) 233,156 232,616 232,809 232,995 233,198 233,405 233,627 233,864 234,107 234,360 234,612 234,828 235,035 Civilian labor force.................. 153,836 153,873 153,498 153,843 153,932 154,510 154,400 154,506 154,823 154,621 154,878 154,620 154,447 Participation rate.............. 66.0 66.1 65.9 66.0 66.0 66.2 66.1 66.1 66.1 66.0 66.0 65.8 65.7 Employed............................ 146,294 146,317 146,075 146,023 146,257 145,974 145,738 145,596 145,273 145,029 144,657 144,144 143,338 Employment-population ratio..... 62.7 62.9 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.1 61.9 61.7 61.4 61.0 Unemployed.......................... 7,541 7,555 7,423 7,820 7,675 8,536 8,662 8,910 9,550 9,592 10,221 10,476 11,108 Unemployment rate............... 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.2 6.2 6.6 6.8 7.2 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population(1) 104,197 103,866 103,961 104,052 104,152 104,258 104,371 104,490 104,613 104,741 104,869 104,978 105,083 Civilian labor force.................. 78,943 78,907 78,806 78,866 78,820 78,913 79,055 79,286 79,308 79,392 79,380 79,335 78,998 Participation rate.............. 75.8 76.0 75.8 75.8 75.7 75.7 75.7 75.9 75.8 75.8 75.7 75.6 75.2 Employed............................ 75,496 75,474 75,395 75,216 75,147 74,992 74,949 74,973 74,737 74,503 74,292 74,045 73,285 Employment-population ratio..... 72.5 72.7 72.5 72.3 72.2 71.9 71.8 71.8 71.4 71.1 70.8 70.5 69.7 Unemployed.......................... 3,446 3,433 3,412 3,650 3,673 3,921 4,106 4,313 4,572 4,889 5,088 5,290 5,714 Unemployment rate............... 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.8 6.2 6.4 6.7 7.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population(1) 111,903 111,739 111,822 111,902 111,990 112,083 112,183 112,290 112,401 112,518 112,633 112,731 112,825 Civilian labor force.................. 67,888 67,982 67,879 68,174 68,118 68,367 68,421 68,273 68,666 68,385 68,700 68,753 68,891 Participation rate.............. 60.7 60.8 60.7 60.9 60.8 61.0 61.0 60.8 61.1 60.8 61.0 61.0 61.1 Employed............................ 64,976 65,101 64,993 65,079 65,196 65,114 65,169 65,103 65,003 65,008 64,975 64,902 64,860 Employment-population ratio..... 58.1 58.3 58.1 58.2 58.2 58.1 58.1 58.0 57.8 57.8 57.7 57.6 57.5 Unemployed.......................... 2,912 2,881 2,886 3,095 2,923 3,252 3,252 3,170 3,662 3,377 3,725 3,851 4,031 Unemployment rate............... 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.8 4.8 4.6 5.3 4.9 5.4 5.6 5.9 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population(1) 17,056 17,012 17,027 17,041 17,056 17,064 17,073 17,084 17,092 17,101 17,110 17,118 17,126 Civilian labor force.................. 7,005 6,984 6,813 6,803 6,993 7,231 6,924 6,947 6,849 6,844 6,799 6,531 6,557 Participation rate.............. 41.1 41.1 40.0 39.9 41.0 42.4 40.6 40.7 40.1 40.0 39.7 38.2 38.3 Employed............................ 5,822 5,742 5,688 5,729 5,914 5,868 5,620 5,520 5,533 5,518 5,390 5,196 5,194 Employment-population ratio..... 34.1 33.8 33.4 33.6 34.7 34.4 32.9 32.3 32.4 32.3 31.5 30.4 30.3 Unemployed.......................... 1,183 1,241 1,125 1,075 1,079 1,363 1,304 1,427 1,316 1,326 1,408 1,335 1,363 Unemployment rate............... 16.9 17.8 16.5 15.8 15.4 18.9 18.8 20.5 19.2 19.4 20.7 20.4 20.8 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. - 7 - -------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Changes to Household Data Table A-13 | | | | Effective with this release, the wording was changed in one of | |the categories in table A-13. "Searched for work and available | |to work now," was changed to "Marginally attached to the labor | |force." This is strictly a change in title, and not in definition; | |the data shown are not affected. This change is being made to cor- | |respond with the text in the release. | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data | | | | With the release of January 2009 data on February 6, 2009, the | |Current Employment Statistics survey will introduce revisions to | |the nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect | |the annual benchmark adjustments for March 2008 and updated seasonal| |adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with | |April 2007 and seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 2004 | |are subject to revision. | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Planned Changes in the Household Survey | | | | Effective with the release of data for January 2009, revisions | |will be introduced into the population controls for the household | |survey. These changes reflect the routine annual updating of inter-| |censal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. | | | | In addition, the Current Population Survey (household data) will | |change its industry classification from the 2002 Census Industry | |Classification to an updated version derived from the 2007 North | |American Industry Classification System. Several industry titles | |will be updated. In addition, the new classification reflects | |minor definitional changes within the information sector. Histori- | |cal data will not be revised. | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------
- 8 - Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The estab- lishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea- surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establish- ment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these ques- tions show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force from 2000 to 2007. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls. gov/web/cesbmart.htm. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi- ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam- ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment esti- mate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. - 9 - Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release.
- 10 - Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households con- ducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calen- dar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemploy- ment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. - 11 - Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private busi- nesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and non- supervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important dis- tinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to- month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as de- clines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place rela- tive to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in pre- vious years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. - 12 - Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of con- fidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower stan- dard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. - 13 - The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a seg- ment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or pro- cessing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly esti- mate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inabil- ity to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample- based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance uni- verse micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample- based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from less than 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population......... 233,156 234,828 235,035 233,156 234,107 234,360 234,612 234,828 235,035 Civilian labor force....................... 153,705 154,624 154,349 153,836 154,823 154,621 154,878 154,620 154,447 Participation rate................... 65.9 65.8 65.7 66.0 66.1 66.0 66.0 65.8 65.7 Employed................................. 146,334 144,609 143,350 146,294 145,273 145,029 144,657 144,144 143,338 Employment-population ratio.......... 62.8 61.6 61.0 62.7 62.1 61.9 61.7 61.4 61.0 Unemployed............................... 7,371 10,015 10,999 7,541 9,550 9,592 10,221 10,476 11,108 Unemployment rate.................... 4.8 6.5 7.1 4.9 6.2 6.2 6.6 6.8 7.2 Not in labor force......................... 79,451 80,204 80,686 79,320 79,284 79,739 79,734 80,208 80,588 Persons who currently want a job......... 4,398 5,077 5,180 4,666 4,836 5,140 5,065 5,393 5,488 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population......... 112,852 113,660 113,769 112,852 113,281 113,414 113,546 113,660 113,769 Civilian labor force....................... 82,171 82,415 82,226 82,398 82,790 82,885 82,892 82,666 82,338 Participation rate................... 72.8 72.5 72.3 73.0 73.1 73.1 73.0 72.7 72.4 Employed................................. 77,970 76,690 75,548 78,275 77,484 77,249 76,938 76,577 75,847 Employment-population ratio.......... 69.1 67.5 66.4 69.4 68.4 68.1 67.8 67.4 66.7 Unemployed............................... 4,201 5,725 6,678 4,123 5,306 5,636 5,954 6,089 6,491 Unemployment rate.................... 5.1 6.9 8.1 5.0 6.4 6.8 7.2 7.4 7.9 Not in labor force......................... 30,680 31,245 31,543 30,453 30,491 30,529 30,654 30,994 31,431 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population......... 104,197 104,978 105,083 104,197 104,613 104,741 104,869 104,978 105,083 Civilian labor force....................... 78,893 79,243 79,071 78,943 79,308 79,392 79,380 79,335 78,998 Participation rate................... 75.7 75.5 75.2 75.8 75.8 75.8 75.7 75.6 75.2 Employed................................. 75,296 74,283 73,088 75,496 74,737 74,503 74,292 74,045 73,285 Employment-population ratio.......... 72.3 70.8 69.6 72.5 71.4 71.1 70.8 70.5 69.7 Unemployed............................... 3,597 4,960 5,984 3,446 4,572 4,889 5,088 5,290 5,714 Unemployment rate.................... 4.6 6.3 7.6 4.4 5.8 6.2 6.4 6.7 7.2 Not in labor force......................... 25,305 25,735 26,012 25,255 25,305 25,349 25,489 25,643 26,085 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population......... 120,304 121,168 121,266 120,304 120,825 120,946 121,066 121,168 121,266 Civilian labor force....................... 71,534 72,209 72,122 71,437 72,033 71,735 71,986 71,954 72,109 Participation rate................... 59.5 59.6 59.5 59.4 59.6 59.3 59.5 59.4 59.5 Employed................................. 68,364 67,919 67,802 68,020 67,789 67,780 67,720 67,567 67,491 Employment-population ratio.......... 56.8 56.1 55.9 56.5 56.1 56.0 55.9 55.8 55.7 Unemployed............................... 3,170 4,290 4,320 3,418 4,244 3,956 4,267 4,387 4,618 Unemployment rate.................... 4.4 5.9 6.0 4.8 5.9 5.5 5.9 6.1 6.4 Not in labor force......................... 48,771 48,959 49,143 48,867 48,792 49,210 49,080 49,214 49,157 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population......... 111,903 112,731 112,825 111,903 112,401 112,518 112,633 112,731 112,825 Civilian labor force....................... 68,116 69,108 69,042 67,888 68,666 68,385 68,700 68,753 68,891 Participation rate................... 60.9 61.3 61.2 60.7 61.1 60.8 61.0 61.0 61.1 Employed................................. 65,359 65,317 65,204 64,976 65,003 65,008 64,975 64,902 64,860 Employment-population ratio.......... 58.4 57.9 57.8 58.1 57.8 57.8 57.7 57.6 57.5 Unemployed............................... 2,757 3,791 3,838 2,912 3,662 3,377 3,725 3,851 4,031 Unemployment rate.................... 4.0 5.5 5.6 4.3 5.3 4.9 5.4 5.6 5.9 Not in labor force......................... 43,787 43,623 43,784 44,015 43,736 44,133 43,933 43,978 43,935 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population......... 17,056 17,118 17,126 17,056 17,092 17,101 17,110 17,118 17,126 Civilian labor force....................... 6,696 6,272 6,235 7,005 6,849 6,844 6,799 6,531 6,557 Participation rate................... 39.3 36.6 36.4 41.1 40.1 40.0 39.7 38.2 38.3 Employed................................. 5,679 5,008 5,058 5,822 5,533 5,518 5,390 5,196 5,194 Employment-population ratio.......... 33.3 29.3 29.5 34.1 32.4 32.3 31.5 30.4 30.3 Unemployed............................... 1,017 1,264 1,177 1,183 1,316 1,326 1,408 1,335 1,363 Unemployment rate.................... 15.2 20.2 18.9 16.9 19.2 19.4 20.7 20.4 20.8 Not in labor force......................... 10,359 10,846 10,891 10,051 10,243 10,257 10,311 10,587 10,568 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population......... 189,093 190,221 190,351 189,093 189,747 189,916 190,085 190,221 190,351 Civilian labor force....................... 125,334 126,057 125,588 125,403 125,987 125,844 126,298 126,029 125,634 Participation rate..................... 66.3 66.3 66.0 66.3 66.4 66.3 66.4 66.3 66.0 Employed................................. 120,004 118,721 117,409 119,947 119,082 118,964 118,722 118,226 117,357 Employment-population ratio............ 63.5 62.4 61.7 63.4 62.8 62.6 62.5 62.2 61.7 Unemployed............................... 5,331 7,336 8,179 5,456 6,904 6,880 7,577 7,803 8,277 Unemployment rate...................... 4.3 5.8 6.5 4.4 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.2 6.6 Not in labor force......................... 63,759 64,165 64,763 63,690 63,761 64,072 63,787 64,193 64,718 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 65,462 65,681 65,424 65,471 65,680 65,718 65,792 65,762 65,331 Participation rate..................... 76.2 76.0 75.6 76.3 76.2 76.2 76.2 76.1 75.5 Employed................................. 62,789 61,995 60,965 62,929 62,336 62,125 61,972 61,761 61,101 Employment-population ratio............ 73.1 71.7 70.5 73.3 72.3 72.0 71.8 71.5 70.7 Unemployed............................... 2,674 3,686 4,459 2,542 3,344 3,593 3,821 4,001 4,230 Unemployment rate...................... 4.1 5.6 6.8 3.9 5.1 5.5 5.8 6.1 6.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 54,465 55,131 55,033 54,249 54,703 54,543 54,891 54,810 54,878 Participation rate..................... 60.4 60.8 60.6 60.2 60.5 60.2 60.6 60.4 60.5 Employed................................. 52,517 52,454 52,199 52,148 52,113 52,233 52,178 52,014 51,846 Employment-population ratio............ 58.3 57.8 57.5 57.8 57.6 57.7 57.6 57.3 57.1 Unemployed............................... 1,948 2,677 2,833 2,101 2,590 2,310 2,714 2,796 3,031 Unemployment rate...................... 3.6 4.9 5.1 3.9 4.7 4.2 4.9 5.1 5.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force....................... 5,406 5,245 5,131 5,683 5,604 5,583 5,615 5,457 5,425 Participation rate..................... 41.3 40.0 39.1 43.4 42.8 42.6 42.9 41.6 41.4 Employed................................. 4,698 4,272 4,245 4,870 4,634 4,605 4,572 4,451 4,409 Employment-population ratio............ 35.9 32.6 32.4 37.2 35.4 35.2 34.9 34.0 33.6 Unemployed............................... 709 973 886 813 970 978 1,043 1,006 1,016 Unemployment rate...................... 13.1 18.6 17.3 14.3 17.3 17.5 18.6 18.4 18.7 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population......... 27,704 28,021 28,059 27,704 27,896 27,939 27,982 28,021 28,059 Civilian labor force....................... 17,498 17,683 17,720 17,574 17,949 17,733 17,768 17,708 17,796 Participation rate..................... 63.2 63.1 63.2 63.4 64.3 63.5 63.5 63.2 63.4 Employed................................. 15,999 15,705 15,649 16,013 16,026 15,709 15,762 15,703 15,674 Employment-population ratio............ 57.7 56.0 55.8 57.8 57.4 56.2 56.3 56.0 55.9 Unemployed............................... 1,499 1,979 2,071 1,561 1,923 2,024 2,006 2,005 2,122 Unemployment rate...................... 8.6 11.2 11.7 8.9 10.7 11.4 11.3 11.3 11.9 Not in labor force......................... 10,206 10,338 10,339 10,129 9,947 10,206 10,214 10,313 10,263 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 7,858 7,957 7,981 7,888 8,072 8,000 7,961 7,954 7,999 Participation rate..................... 70.4 70.6 70.7 70.7 72.0 71.2 70.7 70.5 70.8 Employed................................. 7,196 7,013 6,879 7,244 7,213 7,049 7,019 6,989 6,930 Employment-population ratio............ 64.5 62.2 60.9 64.9 64.3 62.7 62.3 62.0 61.4 Unemployed............................... 662 944 1,102 644 859 952 942 965 1,069 Unemployment rate...................... 8.4 11.9 13.8 8.2 10.6 11.9 11.8 12.1 13.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 8,814 9,069 9,031 8,830 9,036 8,931 9,016 9,069 9,060 Participation rate..................... 63.5 64.5 64.2 63.6 64.6 63.7 64.2 64.5 64.4 Employed................................. 8,212 8,234 8,264 8,203 8,218 8,097 8,213 8,249 8,256 Employment-population ratio............ 59.1 58.6 58.7 59.1 58.7 57.8 58.5 58.7 58.7 Unemployed............................... 602 836 767 627 818 834 804 820 804 Unemployment rate...................... 6.8 9.2 8.5 7.1 9.1 9.3 8.9 9.0 8.9 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force....................... 826 657 708 856 842 802 790 685 736 Participation rate..................... 31.0 24.4 26.3 32.2 31.4 29.9 29.4 25.5 27.4 Employed................................. 590 457 506 567 595 563 531 464 488 Employment-population ratio............ 22.2 17.0 18.8 21.3 22.2 21.0 19.8 17.3 18.1 Unemployed............................... 235 199 202 289 247 239 260 221 248 Unemployment rate...................... 28.5 30.4 28.5 33.8 29.3 29.8 32.9 32.2 33.7 ASIAN Civilian noninstitutional population......... 10,801 10,811 10,873 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Civilian labor force....................... 7,225 7,134 7,223 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate..................... 66.9 66.0 66.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed................................. 6,958 6,791 6,857 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio............ 64.4 62.8 63.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed............................... 267 343 365 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate...................... 3.7 4.8 5.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Not in labor force......................... 3,577 3,677 3,651 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population......... 31,903 32,558 32,649 31,903 32,273 32,369 32,465 32,558 32,649 Civilian labor force....................... 21,924 22,137 22,221 21,861 22,201 22,259 22,187 22,074 22,134 Participation rate..................... 68.7 68.0 68.1 68.5 68.8 68.8 68.3 67.8 67.8 Employed................................. 20,534 20,263 20,129 20,504 20,404 20,506 20,232 20,168 20,096 Employment-population ratio............ 64.4 62.2 61.7 64.3 63.2 63.4 62.3 61.9 61.6 Unemployed............................... 1,390 1,874 2,093 1,357 1,797 1,752 1,955 1,906 2,038 Unemployment rate...................... 6.3 8.5 9.4 6.2 8.1 7.9 8.8 8.6 9.2 Not in labor force......................... 9,980 10,421 10,428 10,042 10,073 10,111 10,278 10,484 10,515 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 12,654 12,760 12,752 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate..................... 85.0 84.1 83.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed................................. 11,921 11,777 11,558 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio............ 80.0 77.7 76.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed............................... 733 983 1,194 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate...................... 5.8 7.7 9.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 8,206 8,362 8,430 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate..................... 58.6 58.5 58.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed................................. 7,707 7,745 7,765 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio............ 55.0 54.2 54.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed............................... 498 618 665 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate...................... 6.1 7.4 7.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force....................... 1,064 1,015 1,039 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate..................... 35.5 32.8 33.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed................................. 906 741 805 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio............ 30.2 24.0 26.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed............................... 158 274 234 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate...................... 14.9 27.0 22.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force......................... 12,283 12,137 12,136 12,283 12,203 12,165 12,390 12,185 12,108 Participation rate....................... 46.4 47.0 46.5 46.4 47.5 47.0 48.3 47.2 46.4 Employed................................... 11,280 10,865 10,719 11,356 11,014 10,977 11,106 10,899 10,793 Employment-population ratio.............. 42.6 42.1 41.1 42.9 42.9 42.5 43.3 42.2 41.4 Unemployed................................. 1,003 1,272 1,417 927 1,189 1,187 1,284 1,286 1,315 Unemployment rate........................ 8.2 10.5 11.7 7.5 9.7 9.8 10.4 10.6 10.9 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force......................... 38,850 38,586 38,838 38,714 38,323 38,264 38,428 38,271 38,656 Participation rate....................... 62.9 62.8 62.7 62.7 62.8 62.4 62.6 62.3 62.5 Employed................................... 37,036 36,009 35,815 36,928 36,084 35,851 35,939 35,643 35,683 Employment-population ratio.............. 60.0 58.6 57.9 59.8 59.1 58.5 58.5 58.1 57.6 Unemployed................................. 1,814 2,577 3,023 1,786 2,239 2,413 2,489 2,628 2,972 Unemployment rate........................ 4.7 6.7 7.8 4.6 5.8 6.3 6.5 6.9 7.7 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force......................... 36,269 37,342 36,867 36,428 36,736 36,952 36,820 37,120 37,049 Participation rate....................... 72.0 72.1 71.7 72.3 71.6 71.8 71.5 71.6 72.0 Employed................................... 34,932 35,380 34,819 35,071 34,913 35,053 34,867 35,077 34,969 Employment-population ratio.............. 69.3 68.3 67.7 69.6 68.0 68.1 67.7 67.7 68.0 Unemployed................................. 1,337 1,961 2,048 1,356 1,823 1,898 1,954 2,043 2,080 Unemployment rate........................ 3.7 5.3 5.6 3.7 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.6 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force......................... 44,620 45,272 45,202 44,552 45,327 45,183 45,454 45,232 45,182 Participation rate....................... 78.2 77.8 77.9 78.1 77.4 77.6 77.7 77.7 77.9 Employed................................... 43,725 43,900 43,619 43,606 44,082 44,011 44,044 43,794 43,517 Employment-population ratio.............. 76.6 75.4 75.2 76.4 75.3 75.6 75.3 75.3 75.0 Unemployed................................. 895 1,372 1,583 946 1,244 1,172 1,410 1,438 1,665 Unemployment rate........................ 2.0 3.0 3.5 2.1 2.7 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.7 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries........... 2,078 2,141 2,068 2,211 2,138 2,199 2,177 2,206 2,191 Wage and salary workers.................... 1,235 1,198 1,162 1,350 1,292 1,323 1,313 1,267 1,264 Self-employed workers...................... 825 920 883 866 822 824 827 915 925 Unpaid family workers...................... 17 23 23 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries................... 144,256 142,468 141,282 143,992 143,111 142,851 142,566 141,901 141,047 Wage and salary workers.................... 135,125 133,697 132,518 134,659 133,727 133,582 133,694 132,983 132,082 Government............................... 20,836 21,613 21,415 20,807 21,257 21,183 21,539 21,431 21,395 Private industries....................... 114,289 112,084 111,103 113,846 112,489 112,407 112,170 111,542 110,684 Private households..................... 803 836 782 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries....................... 113,486 111,247 110,321 113,005 111,721 111,591 111,279 110,677 109,863 Self-employed workers...................... 9,049 8,706 8,701 9,291 9,313 9,178 8,852 8,816 8,940 Unpaid family workers...................... 81 65 62 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons............. 4,750 7,135 8,250 4,638 5,879 6,292 6,848 7,323 8,038 Slack work or business conditions........ 3,308 5,354 6,340 3,154 4,240 4,418 4,953 5,399 6,020 Could only find part-time work........... 1,172 1,509 1,562 1,223 1,412 1,514 1,514 1,585 1,617 Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,361 19,892 19,719 19,536 19,690 19,275 19,083 18,886 18,922 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons............. 4,639 7,001 8,110 4,548 5,802 6,167 6,742 7,209 7,932 Slack work or business conditions........ 3,250 5,251 6,250 3,101 4,171 4,279 4,889 5,304 5,938 Could only find part-time work........... 1,153 1,497 1,553 1,206 1,385 1,541 1,499 1,579 1,619 Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,074 19,592 19,405 19,251 19,269 18,930 18,808 18,635 18,642 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over..................... 146,334 144,609 143,350 146,294 145,273 145,029 144,657 144,144 143,338 16 to 19 years............................. 5,679 5,008 5,058 5,822 5,533 5,518 5,390 5,196 5,194 16 to 17 years........................... 2,132 1,771 1,743 2,171 1,984 2,023 1,933 1,791 1,779 18 to 19 years........................... 3,547 3,237 3,314 3,646 3,549 3,525 3,469 3,408 3,413 20 years and over.......................... 140,655 139,601 138,292 140,473 139,740 139,511 139,267 138,948 138,144 20 to 24 years........................... 13,682 13,446 13,320 13,731 13,649 13,625 13,528 13,443 13,374 25 years and over........................ 126,973 126,155 124,972 126,737 126,140 125,950 125,833 125,422 124,748 25 to 54 years......................... 100,653 98,921 97,781 100,519 99,217 99,086 98,803 98,373 97,651 25 to 34 years....................... 31,672 31,298 30,885 31,652 31,425 31,352 31,122 31,070 30,864 35 to 44 years....................... 34,163 33,007 32,731 34,116 33,254 33,250 33,176 32,883 32,691 45 to 54 years....................... 34,818 34,616 34,165 34,751 34,538 34,485 34,505 34,420 34,097 55 years and over...................... 26,320 27,233 27,191 26,218 26,923 26,863 27,029 27,049 27,096 Men, 16 years and over....................... 77,970 76,690 75,548 78,275 77,484 77,249 76,938 76,577 75,847 16 to 19 years............................. 2,674 2,406 2,460 2,779 2,748 2,746 2,646 2,531 2,562 16 to 17 years........................... 932 769 797 989 939 958 895 800 847 18 to 19 years........................... 1,742 1,638 1,663 1,787 1,818 1,797 1,751 1,728 1,712 20 years and over.......................... 75,296 74,283 73,088 75,496 74,737 74,503 74,292 74,045 73,285 20 to 24 years........................... 7,180 6,939 6,760 7,279 7,134 7,153 6,974 6,965 6,863 25 years and over........................ 68,116 67,344 66,328 68,258 67,653 67,365 67,372 67,039 66,456 25 to 54 years......................... 54,240 52,983 52,031 54,355 53,385 53,136 53,090 52,740 52,128 25 to 34 years....................... 17,430 17,076 16,784 17,442 17,195 17,112 17,064 16,979 16,789 35 to 44 years....................... 18,433 17,871 17,581 18,514 18,068 18,001 17,962 17,816 17,663 45 to 54 years....................... 18,377 18,036 17,666 18,399 18,121 18,023 18,065 17,944 17,676 55 years and over...................... 13,876 14,361 14,297 13,902 14,268 14,230 14,282 14,299 14,328 Women, 16 years and over..................... 68,364 67,919 67,802 68,020 67,789 67,780 67,720 67,567 67,491 16 to 19 years............................. 3,005 2,602 2,598 3,043 2,785 2,772 2,744 2,665 2,632 16 to 17 years........................... 1,200 1,002 946 1,182 1,045 1,065 1,038 990 932 18 to 19 years........................... 1,805 1,600 1,651 1,860 1,731 1,728 1,718 1,680 1,701 20 years and over.......................... 65,359 65,317 65,204 64,976 65,003 65,008 64,975 64,902 64,860 20 to 24 years........................... 6,502 6,507 6,560 6,452 6,514 6,472 6,553 6,478 6,510 25 years and over........................ 58,857 58,810 58,644 58,480 58,487 58,585 58,460 58,383 58,292 25 to 54 years......................... 46,413 45,938 45,750 46,164 45,832 45,951 45,713 45,634 45,523 25 to 34 years....................... 14,242 14,223 14,101 14,210 14,230 14,240 14,058 14,091 14,075 35 to 44 years....................... 15,729 15,135 15,150 15,601 15,186 15,249 15,215 15,067 15,027 45 to 54 years....................... 16,441 16,580 16,499 16,353 16,417 16,462 16,440 16,476 16,421 55 years and over...................... 12,444 12,872 12,894 12,316 12,655 12,634 12,747 12,750 12,769 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present.................. 46,281 45,781 45,215 46,233 45,804 45,887 45,787 45,610 45,182 Married women, spouse present................ 35,898 35,937 35,835 35,662 35,994 35,864 35,590 35,649 35,632 Women who maintain families.................. 9,049 9,314 8,987 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers (2)........................ 121,042 118,432 116,422 121,501 119,643 119,661 119,304 118,413 116,865 Part-time workers (3)........................ 25,291 26,176 26,927 24,701 25,649 25,411 25,452 25,577 26,250 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders.................... 7,577 7,539 7,432 7,479 8,013 7,612 7,551 7,410 7,352 Percent of total employed................ 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over..................... 7,541 10,476 11,108 4.9 6.2 6.2 6.6 6.8 7.2 16 to 19 years............................. 1,183 1,335 1,363 16.9 19.2 19.4 20.7 20.4 20.8 16 to 17 years........................... 535 567 564 19.8 22.2 21.7 23.1 24.1 24.1 18 to 19 years........................... 654 765 806 15.2 17.4 17.8 18.4 18.3 19.1 20 years and over.......................... 6,358 9,141 9,745 4.3 5.6 5.6 6.0 6.2 6.6 20 to 24 years........................... 1,391 1,684 1,843 9.2 10.7 10.8 10.6 11.1 12.1 25 years and over........................ 4,981 7,421 7,903 3.8 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.6 6.0 25 to 54 years......................... 4,159 6,074 6,526 4.0 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.3 25 to 34 years....................... 1,601 2,341 2,490 4.8 6.3 6.2 6.7 7.0 7.5 35 to 44 years....................... 1,314 1,874 2,041 3.7 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.9 45 to 54 years....................... 1,245 1,859 1,995 3.5 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.5 55 years and over...................... 843 1,350 1,409 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.9 Men, 16 years and over....................... 4,123 6,089 6,491 5.0 6.4 6.8 7.2 7.4 7.9 16 to 19 years............................. 677 799 777 19.6 21.1 21.4 24.7 24.0 23.3 16 to 17 years........................... 282 324 313 22.2 24.5 23.2 27.3 28.8 27.0 18 to 19 years........................... 398 466 468 18.2 19.0 20.4 21.7 21.2 21.5 20 years and over.......................... 3,446 5,290 5,714 4.4 5.8 6.2 6.4 6.7 7.2 20 to 24 years........................... 780 1,027 1,137 9.7 11.7 11.9 12.9 12.9 14.2 25 years and over........................ 2,659 4,218 4,545 3.7 5.1 5.5 5.6 5.9 6.4 25 to 54 years......................... 2,212 3,448 3,770 3.9 5.3 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.7 25 to 34 years....................... 902 1,373 1,510 4.9 6.5 6.9 7.1 7.5 8.3 35 to 44 years....................... 682 1,008 1,117 3.6 5.0 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.9 45 to 54 years....................... 627 1,068 1,144 3.3 4.5 5.0 4.8 5.6 6.1 55 years and over...................... 447 770 775 3.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.1 Women, 16 years and over..................... 3,418 4,387 4,618 4.8 5.9 5.5 5.9 6.1 6.4 16 to 19 years............................. 506 536 587 14.3 17.3 17.3 16.5 16.7 18.2 16 to 17 years........................... 253 243 251 17.6 20.1 20.3 19.2 19.7 21.2 18 to 19 years........................... 256 299 339 12.1 15.6 14.9 14.7 15.1 16.6 20 years and over.......................... 2,912 3,851 4,031 4.3 5.3 4.9 5.4 5.6 5.9 20 to 24 years........................... 611 657 707 8.6 9.5 9.4 8.1 9.2 9.8 25 years and over........................ 2,322 3,202 3,358 3.8 4.9 4.4 5.1 5.2 5.4 25 to 54 years......................... 1,947 2,625 2,756 4.0 5.1 4.6 5.2 5.4 5.7 25 to 34 years....................... 698 968 981 4.7 6.0 5.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 35 to 44 years....................... 631 866 924 3.9 5.0 4.8 5.2 5.4 5.8 45 to 54 years....................... 617 791 852 3.6 4.3 3.8 4.4 4.6 4.9 55 years and over (2).................. 366 577 583 2.9 4.5 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present.................. 1,255 2,003 2,077 2.6 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 Married women, spouse present................ 1,105 1,590 1,672 3.0 3.7 3.5 4.2 4.3 4.5 Women who maintain families (2).............. 669 953 948 6.9 9.6 8.2 8.8 9.3 9.5 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers (3)........................ 6,147 8,940 9,537 4.8 6.3 6.3 6.8 7.0 7.5 Part-time workers (4)........................ 1,429 1,566 1,632 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.9 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.............................. 4,013 5,746 6,878 3,785 4,994 5,348 5,811 6,156 6,471 On temporary layoff........................ 1,061 1,166 1,675 966 1,279 1,396 1,367 1,413 1,524 Not on temporary layoff.................... 2,952 4,580 5,203 2,820 3,715 3,952 4,443 4,744 4,946 Permanent job losers..................... 2,066 3,520 4,034 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs..... 887 1,060 1,169 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers.................................. 724 916 928 787 999 982 946 940 1,007 Reentrants................................... 2,078 2,659 2,523 2,302 2,678 2,587 2,650 2,655 2,777 New entrants................................. 556 694 670 693 829 822 825 760 829 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs............................. 54.4 57.4 62.5 50.0 52.6 54.9 56.8 58.6 58.4 On temporary layoff....................... 14.4 11.6 15.2 12.8 13.5 14.3 13.4 13.4 13.8 Not on temporary layoff................... 40.1 45.7 47.3 37.3 39.1 40.6 43.4 45.1 44.6 Job leavers................................. 9.8 9.1 8.4 10.4 10.5 10.1 9.2 8.9 9.1 Reentrants.................................. 28.2 26.6 22.9 30.4 28.2 26.6 25.9 25.3 25.1 New entrants................................ 7.5 6.9 6.1 9.2 8.7 8.4 8.1 7.2 7.5 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs............................. 2.6 3.7 4.5 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.2 Job leavers................................. .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 Reentrants.................................. 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 New entrants................................ .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 1 Data not available. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks...................................... 2,666 3,079 3,227 2,718 3,242 2,864 3,108 3,255 3,267 5 to 14 weeks.......................................... 2,302 3,130 3,390 2,314 2,874 3,083 3,055 3,141 3,398 15 weeks and over...................................... 2,403 3,806 4,381 2,484 3,447 3,662 4,109 3,964 4,517 15 to 26 weeks...................................... 1,128 1,614 1,869 1,169 1,568 1,621 1,834 1,757 1,927 27 weeks and over................................... 1,275 2,192 2,512 1,315 1,878 2,041 2,275 2,207 2,591 Average (mean) duration, in weeks...................... 16.4 19.2 19.5 16.5 17.6 18.7 19.8 18.9 19.7 Median duration, in weeks.............................. 8.3 9.9 10.5 8.4 9.3 10.3 10.6 10.0 10.6 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.................................... 36.2 30.7 29.3 36.2 33.9 29.8 30.3 31.4 29.2 5 to 14 weeks........................................ 31.2 31.3 30.8 30.8 30.1 32.1 29.7 30.3 30.4 15 weeks and over.................................... 32.6 38.0 39.8 33.1 36.0 38.1 40.0 38.3 40.4 15 to 26 weeks..................................... 15.3 16.1 17.0 15.6 16.4 16.9 17.9 17.0 17.2 27 weeks and over.................................. 17.3 21.9 22.8 17.5 19.6 21.2 22.1 21.3 23.2 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 146,334 143,350 7,371 10,999 4.8 7.1 Management, professional, and related occupations...... 52,324 52,548 1,041 1,802 2.0 3.3 Management, business, and financial operations occupations........................................... 21,699 21,928 461 888 2.1 3.9 Professional and related occupations................. 30,625 30,619 580 915 1.9 2.9 Service occupations.................................... 23,551 24,371 1,571 2,057 6.3 7.8 Sales and office occupations........................... 36,467 34,987 1,717 2,448 4.5 6.5 Sales and related occupations........................ 16,654 16,354 903 1,233 5.1 7.0 Office and administrative support occupations........ 19,812 18,633 814 1,215 3.9 6.1 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations........................................... 15,459 14,202 1,286 2,063 7.7 12.7 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 931 901 101 201 9.8 18.3 Construction and extraction occupations.............. 9,302 8,025 990 1,522 9.6 15.9 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,226 5,276 195 339 3.6 6.0 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations........................................... 18,533 17,242 1,174 1,928 6.0 10.1 Production occupations............................... 9,458 8,421 600 992 6.0 10.5 Transportation and material moving occupations....... 9,075 8,821 575 936 6.0 9.6 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry and class of worker (in thousands) Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 2007 2008 2007 2008 Total, 16 years and over (1).................... 7,371 10,999 4.8 7.1 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........ 5,943 9,030 4.9 7.5 Mining............................................... 24 46 3.4 5.2 Construction......................................... 968 1,438 9.4 15.3 Manufacturing........................................ 772 1,315 4.6 8.3 Durable goods...................................... 459 839 4.3 8.0 Nondurable goods................................... 313 477 5.1 8.8 Wholesale and retail trade........................... 1,009 1,535 4.8 7.2 Transportation and utilities......................... 210 421 3.4 6.7 Information.......................................... 125 219 3.7 6.9 Financial activities................................. 315 540 3.2 5.6 Professional and business services................... 803 1,147 5.7 8.1 Education and health services........................ 521 791 2.6 3.8 Leisure and hospitality.............................. 961 1,210 7.9 9.5 Other services....................................... 235 367 3.9 6.1 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers 96 229 7.5 17.0 Government workers..................................... 451 511 2.1 2.3 Self employed and unpaid family workers................ 326 559 3.2 5.5 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force....................... 1.6 2.5 2.8 1.6 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.9 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.... 2.6 3.7 4.5 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.2 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate).......... 4.8 6.5 7.1 4.9 6.2 6.2 6.6 6.8 7.2 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers............................... 5.0 6.8 7.5 5.1 6.4 6.5 6.9 7.1 7.6 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers....................... 5.6 7.6 8.3 5.7 7.2 7.2 7.6 7.9 8.3 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.. 8.7 12.2 13.5 8.7 10.9 11.2 12.0 12.6 13.5 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force........................... 79,451 80,686 30,680 31,543 48,771 49,143 Persons who currently want a job...................... 4,398 5,180 2,039 2,432 2,359 2,748 Marginally attached to the labor force (1).......... 1,344 1,908 755 1,000 589 908 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 363 642 238 367 125 276 Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 981 1,266 516 634 464 632 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,577 7,432 3,734 3,743 3,843 3,689 Percent of total employed.......................... 5.2 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.4 Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 4,067 4,176 2,239 2,288 1,828 1,888 Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,868 1,774 565 638 1,303 1,136 Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 252 218 166 143 86 75 Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,344 1,215 746 653 598 562 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work sometime during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. from: 2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p Nov. 2008- Dec. 2008p Total nonfarm......... 138,934 137,715 137,073 136,119 138,078 137,423 137,020 136,597 136,013 135,489 -524 Total private........... 116,232 114,843 114,081 113,247 115,745 114,909 114,525 114,087 113,506 112,975 -531 Goods-producing............. 21,875 21,363 21,024 20,485 21,976 21,367 21,250 21,049 20,867 20,616 -251 Natural resources and mining.... 735 806 807 799 739 788 795 796 803 802 -1 Logging...................... 61.2 61.9 61.4 58.8 60.6 58.1 58.9 59.1 59.7 58.1 -1.6 Mining......................... 674.0 743.6 746.0 739.8 677.9 729.6 736.2 737.3 743.0 744.2 1.2 Oil and gas extraction........ 152.6 166.3 167.2 168.5 153.1 164.1 165.8 166.2 167.4 168.8 1.4 Mining, except oil and gas(1). 221.4 240.3 237.2 230.3 225.2 233.8 234.1 234.5 235.3 234.7 -.6 Coal mining.................. 78.5 85.7 86.6 86.7 78.3 83.5 84.4 85.2 86.1 86.3 .2 Support activities for mining. 300.0 337.0 341.6 341.0 299.6 331.7 336.3 336.6 340.3 340.7 .4 Construction.................... 7,353 7,266 7,049 6,706 7,465 7,153 7,098 7,019 6,934 6,833 -101 Construction of buildings..... 1,691.9 1,617.5 1,573.7 1,516.9 1,702.4 1,612.8 1,592.1 1,573.9 1,554.6 1,528.6 -26.0 Residential building......... 899.5 833.5 813.2 778.0 902.0 831.9 823.3 809.7 800.8 781.6 -19.2 Nonresidential building...... 792.4 784.0 760.5 738.9 800.4 780.9 768.8 764.2 753.8 747.0 -6.8 Heavy and civil engineering construction................. 960.6 996.1 954.3 872.3 993.8 952.8 943.6 932.6 920.1 907.5 -12.6 Specialty trade contractors... 4,700.4 4,652.4 4,520.9 4,316.5 4,768.4 4,587.8 4,562.5 4,512.6 4,458.9 4,397.0 -61.9 Residential specialty trade contractors................. 2,163.0 2,079.3 2,006.2 1,911.9 2,201.1 2,055.6 2,046.5 2,020.1 1,989.3 1,954.9 -34.4 Nonresidential specialty trade contractors........... 2,537.4 2,573.1 2,514.7 2,404.6 2,567.3 2,532.2 2,516.0 2,492.5 2,469.6 2,442.1 -27.5 Manufacturing................... 13,787 13,291 13,168 12,980 13,772 13,426 13,357 13,234 13,130 12,981 -149 Production workers........... 9,952 9,504 9,387 9,214 9,933 9,636 9,572 9,451 9,355 9,221 -134 Durable goods.................. 8,755 8,359 8,283 8,152 8,739 8,482 8,433 8,336 8,259 8,145 -114 Production workers........... 6,240 5,855 5,783 5,662 6,220 5,980 5,930 5,834 5,765 5,659 -106 Wood products................. 505.3 457.9 443.5 428.6 507.2 467.6 462.2 453.5 443.2 431.4 -11.8 Nonmetallic mineral products.. 490.9 477.4 465.7 445.6 496.4 475.8 471.0 468.6 459.4 451.5 -7.9 Primary metals................ 451.8 441.0 434.6 427.0 452.2 443.0 442.7 440.6 434.4 427.7 -6.7 Fabricated metal products..... 1,565.6 1,515.2 1,495.3 1,463.0 1,562.7 1,534.3 1,524.2 1,507.6 1,488.9 1,460.6 -28.3 Machinery..................... 1,191.2 1,182.0 1,171.0 1,163.7 1,191.0 1,193.0 1,187.2 1,182.8 1,171.4 1,164.5 -6.9 Computer and electronic products(1).................. 1,260.3 1,238.3 1,232.4 1,225.1 1,257.6 1,247.4 1,245.5 1,239.3 1,231.3 1,223.1 -8.2 Computer and peripheral equipment................... 186.0 184.8 184.2 183.8 185.4 185.4 185.3 185.0 184.0 183.3 -.7 Communications equipment..... 129.7 132.1 129.3 127.9 129.0 131.2 131.7 131.3 129.0 127.3 -1.7 Semiconductors and electronic components.................. 435.1 417.9 416.3 411.5 434.9 423.4 422.1 419.1 415.9 411.2 -4.7 Electronic instruments....... 444.2 441.7 441.2 440.9 443.7 444.7 444.5 442.6 441.5 440.8 -.7 Electrical equipment and appliances................... 424.3 416.7 411.9 406.6 423.8 419.4 416.8 415.8 411.2 406.5 -4.7 Transportation equipment(1)... 1,698.0 1,526.3 1,539.6 1,520.6 1,684.7 1,584.0 1,572.2 1,529.3 1,534.8 1,510.5 -24.3 Motor vehicles and parts(2).. 974.1 834.2 825.7 808.7 962.6 866.2 850.1 838.3 822.5 801.1 -21.4 Furniture and related products 524.1 471.5 461.6 451.8 523.8 487.4 482.4 470.9 461.9 452.6 -9.3 Miscellaneous manufacturing... 643.5 632.5 627.0 619.6 639.9 630.1 628.9 627.9 622.1 617.0 -5.1 Nondurable goods............... 5,032 4,932 4,885 4,828 5,033 4,944 4,924 4,898 4,871 4,836 -35 Production workers........... 3,712 3,649 3,604 3,552 3,713 3,656 3,642 3,617 3,590 3,562 -28 Food manufacturing............ 1,488.8 1,500.1 1,494.1 1,473.9 1,486.3 1,474.0 1,476.7 1,477.7 1,481.0 1,472.7 -8.3 Beverages and tobacco products 189.2 193.3 189.4 186.8 192.0 191.3 191.3 189.1 189.9 190.0 .1 Textile mills................. 162.4 147.5 141.6 138.0 163.0 150.6 148.3 146.5 141.7 138.8 -2.9 Textile product mills......... 155.8 147.3 145.5 143.1 155.7 147.9 147.9 146.7 145.2 143.5 -1.7 Apparel....................... 203.6 190.0 188.2 184.1 204.8 196.1 193.1 189.5 188.1 185.3 -2.8 Leather and allied products... 33.9 34.6 34.4 34.0 33.7 35.1 35.0 34.4 34.1 34.0 -.1 Paper and paper products...... 460.2 447.5 444.0 442.1 460.3 453.4 449.8 447.5 444.7 442.7 -2.0 Printing and related support activities................... 622.8 590.8 586.2 577.6 619.5 599.2 595.2 588.9 582.5 576.1 -6.4 Petroleum and coal products... 109.2 115.2 114.4 111.4 111.7 114.1 114.2 114.0 114.6 114.3 -.3 Chemicals..................... 862.7 849.8 847.9 846.5 862.0 855.4 852.5 851.6 849.8 847.0 -2.8 Plastics and rubber products.. 743.3 715.7 699.5 690.1 744.2 726.4 720.0 711.7 699.4 692.0 -7.4 Service-providing........... 117,059 116,352 116,049 115,634 116,102 116,056 115,770 115,548 115,146 114,873 -273 Private service-providing.. 94,357 93,480 93,057 92,762 93,769 93,542 93,275 93,038 92,639 92,359 -280 Trade, transportation, and utilities...................... 27,328 26,229 26,360 26,435 26,658 26,346 26,225 26,118 25,954 25,833 -121 Wholesale trade................ 6,085.1 5,987.4 5,950.7 5,917.7 6,072.9 6,007.1 5,999.5 5,972.2 5,939.4 5,909.4 -30.0 Durable goods................. 3,150.6 3,064.1 3,038.1 3,019.5 3,145.0 3,084.9 3,080.1 3,058.9 3,036.4 3,015.4 -21.0 Nondurable goods.............. 2,094.3 2,076.6 2,068.3 2,054.6 2,089.3 2,075.2 2,070.0 2,066.6 2,058.9 2,052.4 -6.5 Electronic markets and agents and brokers.................. 840.2 846.7 844.3 843.6 838.6 847.0 849.4 846.7 844.1 841.6 -2.5 Retail trade...................16,085.9 15,179.2 15,387.6 15,506.9 15,487.8 15,274.7 15,199.1 15,132.1 15,032.1 14,965.5 -66.6 Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)................... 1,898.9 1,823.3 1,774.7 1,739.5 1,909.3 1,853.2 1,837.4 1,809.8 1,779.7 1,754.7 -25.0 Automobile dealers........... 1,240.8 1,162.0 1,126.0 1,100.2 1,244.6 1,189.6 1,177.1 1,152.9 1,127.1 1,105.6 -21.5 Furniture and home furnishings stores....................... 612.0 560.7 560.5 560.9 584.5 566.4 561.7 555.5 545.6 537.6 -8.0 Electronics and appliance stores....................... 564.8 532.1 541.5 538.8 540.4 535.3 530.3 527.3 522.9 517.5 -5.4 Building material and garden supply stores................ 1,237.3 1,228.1 1,206.6 1,190.0 1,271.6 1,237.0 1,235.9 1,233.8 1,225.6 1,221.0 -4.6 Food and beverage stores...... 2,907.7 2,860.4 2,885.0 2,880.2 2,871.9 2,871.5 2,863.2 2,864.6 2,856.7 2,848.4 -8.3 Health and personal care stores....................... 1,016.2 981.7 987.9 999.3 999.9 985.1 984.4 983.0 978.0 982.3 4.3 Gasoline stations............. 848.1 834.3 832.1 830.5 850.5 839.8 834.2 834.7 834.1 832.8 -1.3 Clothing and clothing accessories stores........... 1,674.4 1,484.2 1,536.2 1,595.4 1,508.6 1,495.8 1,482.9 1,478.2 1,457.2 1,453.2 -4.0 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores............. 721.4 656.6 667.8 681.0 661.6 659.5 650.1 648.1 635.5 629.2 -6.3 General merchandise stores(1). 3,223.4 2,910.4 3,068.8 3,159.5 2,976.7 2,941.1 2,929.8 2,911.7 2,919.1 2,922.1 3.0 Department stores............ 1,756.0 1,481.5 1,591.0 1,648.8 1,568.4 1,507.0 1,494.2 1,477.6 1,475.0 1,472.6 -2.4 Miscellaneous store retailers. 895.7 865.2 862.7 861.9 866.3 856.4 855.5 854.5 846.5 835.7 -10.8 Nonstore retailers............ 486.0 442.2 463.8 469.9 446.5 433.6 433.7 430.9 431.2 431.0 -.2 Transportation and warehousing. 4,600.9 4,499.4 4,457.8 4,445.7 4,539.9 4,505.1 4,465.9 4,450.2 4,417.7 4,393.8 -23.9 Air transportation............ 500.8 483.2 482.2 477.8 502.1 490.9 487.4 484.3 483.0 479.2 -3.8 Rail transportation........... 232.4 232.2 232.2 232.2 232.5 230.6 229.2 231.3 232.0 232.0 .0 Water transportation.......... 63.4 60.9 58.5 57.0 64.4 60.7 60.3 59.7 58.9 57.9 -1.0 Truck transportation.......... 1,424.6 1,399.1 1,374.7 1,349.8 1,423.1 1,400.1 1,387.3 1,379.0 1,366.4 1,350.8 -15.6 Transit and ground passenger transportation............... 427.9 421.7 420.5 417.1 411.8 416.5 408.2 406.6 405.2 402.8 -2.4 Pipeline transportation....... 40.9 43.3 44.1 44.2 40.8 43.0 43.7 43.8 44.1 44.2 .1 Scenic and sightseeing transportation............... 27.0 31.4 26.0 24.6 31.3 30.9 29.5 30.2 29.2 28.7 -.5 Support activities for transportation............... 589.2 591.0 578.2 575.6 587.1 590.8 587.2 585.8 577.6 574.9 -2.7 Couriers and messengers....... 625.1 576.4 579.1 610.6 588.1 585.8 580.2 578.6 572.6 575.8 3.2 Warehousing and storage....... 669.6 660.2 662.3 656.8 658.7 655.8 652.9 650.9 648.7 647.5 -1.2 Utilities...................... 556.3 562.7 564.1 564.4 557.1 559.2 560.8 563.2 564.5 564.4 -.1 Information..................... 3,032 2,960 2,955 2,942 3,018 2,984 2,978 2,972 2,953 2,933 -20 Publishing industries, except Internet..................... 893.8 864.4 858.3 852.7 889.7 870.4 867.0 863.7 855.3 849.9 -5.4 Motion picture and sound recording industries......... 381.7 374.0 376.3 374.1 376.3 379.4 379.4 383.1 378.2 371.1 -7.1 Broadcasting, except Internet. 324.3 318.3 318.6 314.7 321.9 318.4 317.7 317.9 317.3 313.4 -3.9 Telecommunications............ 1,029.6 1,004.4 1,003.6 1,002.0 1,026.8 1,016.0 1,014.4 1,008.0 1,003.7 1,000.2 -3.5 Data processing, hosting and related services............. 273.7 266.4 265.6 267.1 273.5 268.0 267.4 267.3 266.0 266.5 .5 Other information services.... 128.8 132.8 132.5 131.7 129.3 131.7 131.7 132.3 132.5 132.1 -.4 Financial activities............ 8,249 8,140 8,096 8,090 8,252 8,196 8,173 8,146 8,118 8,104 -14 Finance and insurance.......... 6,113.4 6,036.1 6,015.5 6,009.8 6,111.2 6,075.1 6,062.2 6,044.9 6,024.7 6,015.1 -9.6 Monetary authorities - central bank......................... 20.6 20.1 20.5 20.2 20.7 20.8 20.9 20.4 20.6 20.4 -.2 Credit intermediation and related activities(1)........ 2,827.8 2,764.0 2,746.0 2,746.4 2,829.2 2,784.7 2,785.3 2,770.7 2,755.2 2,751.0 -4.2 Depository credit intermediation(1)........... 1,824.7 1,804.3 1,796.2 1,797.8 1,824.6 1,813.2 1,808.9 1,805.2 1,800.9 1,799.6 -1.3 Commercial banking.......... 1,345.2 1,332.9 1,327.8 1,328.3 1,345.9 1,339.4 1,337.2 1,334.3 1,331.5 1,330.2 -1.3 Securities, commodity contracts, investments....... 855.7 847.0 844.3 842.6 856.7 860.9 851.5 847.5 845.7 845.9 .2 Insurance carriers and related activities................... 2,320.9 2,316.4 2,316.4 2,311.7 2,316.8 2,320.3 2,316.2 2,317.5 2,314.7 2,309.5 -5.2 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles........... 88.4 88.6 88.3 88.9 87.8 88.4 88.3 88.8 88.5 88.3 -.2 Real estate and rental and leasing....................... 2,135.6 2,103.6 2,080.3 2,080.0 2,140.6 2,121.3 2,110.7 2,100.6 2,093.0 2,088.7 -4.3 Real estate................... 1,476.3 1,457.2 1,446.3 1,450.7 1,476.4 1,465.6 1,457.9 1,454.9 1,452.6 1,451.6 -1.0 Rental and leasing services... 628.5 614.8 602.4 596.9 633.6 623.8 620.6 613.8 608.5 604.8 -3.7 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets............ 30.8 31.6 31.6 32.4 30.6 31.9 32.2 31.9 31.9 32.3 .4 Professional and business services....................... 18,163 17,929 17,664 17,438 18,131 17,854 17,789 17,708 17,563 17,450 -113 Professional and technical services(1)................... 7,845.9 7,841.1 7,828.6 7,847.8 7,820.5 7,859.5 7,860.8 7,864.4 7,845.9 7,827.8 -18.1 Legal services............... 1,176.0 1,167.8 1,165.6 1,169.0 1,173.9 1,166.6 1,166.2 1,166.9 1,165.8 1,167.1 1.3 Accounting and bookkeeping services.................... 1,003.3 906.1 915.4 974.1 993.3 977.7 975.3 971.3 968.3 964.9 -3.4 Architectural and engineering services.................... 1,456.1 1,465.0 1,453.1 1,435.1 1,460.4 1,464.2 1,457.0 1,454.1 1,447.3 1,440.6 -6.7 Computer systems design and related services............ 1,397.4 1,436.9 1,439.3 1,434.8 1,391.4 1,424.5 1,427.4 1,430.4 1,431.4 1,428.5 -2.9 Management and technical consulting services......... 1,004.3 1,036.4 1,039.0 1,035.4 994.3 1,019.8 1,029.6 1,028.9 1,027.8 1,026.0 -1.8 Management of companies and enterprises................... 1,860.8 1,822.8 1,808.8 1,800.6 1,847.8 1,832.1 1,823.7 1,818.3 1,805.6 1,797.2 -8.4 Administrative and waste services...................... 8,456.3 8,264.6 8,026.6 7,789.4 8,462.8 8,162.7 8,104.6 8,025.3 7,911.4 7,824.6 -86.8 Administrative and support services(1).................. 8,094.1 7,891.6 7,657.2 7,425.3 8,099.3 7,793.5 7,735.8 7,654.8 7,542.3 7,459.0 -83.3 Employment services(1)....... 3,634.1 3,334.4 3,177.2 3,031.1 3,566.9 3,285.8 3,236.2 3,168.2 3,068.1 2,987.5 -80.6 Temporary help services..... 2,640.3 2,387.4 2,254.4 2,114.1 2,578.5 2,353.5 2,308.6 2,255.1 2,169.4 2,088.5 -80.9 Business support services.... 817.7 793.0 797.4 797.9 803.7 785.6 787.7 786.8 788.9 783.6 -5.3 Services to buildings and dwellings................... 1,788.9 1,897.8 1,842.0 1,757.2 1,872.0 1,861.8 1,855.9 1,849.1 1,839.9 1,842.3 2.4 Waste management and remediation services......... 362.2 373.0 369.4 364.1 363.5 369.2 368.8 370.5 369.1 365.6 -3.5 Education and health services... 18,741 19,207 19,281 19,265 18,568 18,997 18,993 19,012 19,059 19,104 45 Educational services........... 3,124.9 3,236.2 3,262.0 3,209.3 2,984.5 3,126.6 3,082.3 3,066.9 3,074.1 3,081.1 7.0 Health care and social assistance....................15,616.5 15,971.2 16,018.8 16,055.3 15,583.2 15,870.8 15,910.5 15,945.4 15,985.2 16,022.7 37.5 Health care(3)................13,133.9 13,438.0 13,470.7 13,503.7 13,109.6 13,363.4 13,388.0 13,417.1 13,449.6 13,481.2 31.6 Ambulatory health care services(1)................. 5,583.3 5,748.4 5,761.3 5,775.6 5,566.0 5,703.8 5,721.1 5,732.4 5,746.9 5,761.1 14.2 Offices of physicians....... 2,246.2 2,302.6 2,309.6 2,319.0 2,235.6 2,282.7 2,289.7 2,295.2 2,301.5 2,307.1 5.6 Outpatient care centers..... 513.9 521.6 524.2 522.0 513.0 522.2 519.9 521.5 522.8 521.7 -1.1 Home health care services... 933.2 975.6 980.5 983.8 930.9 963.4 967.0 972.0 977.7 982.7 5.0 Hospitals.................... 4,574.5 4,694.5 4,702.6 4,713.6 4,572.4 4,669.1 4,677.0 4,689.7 4,699.4 4,711.3 11.9 Nursing and residential care facilities(1)............... 2,976.1 2,995.1 3,006.8 3,014.5 2,971.2 2,990.5 2,989.9 2,995.0 3,003.3 3,008.8 5.5 Nursing care facilities..... 1,611.3 1,607.1 1,610.4 1,614.9 1,608.2 1,607.4 1,603.5 1,606.1 1,607.9 1,611.1 3.2 Social assistance(1).......... 2,482.6 2,533.2 2,548.1 2,551.6 2,473.6 2,507.4 2,522.5 2,528.3 2,535.6 2,541.5 5.9 Child day care services...... 867.7 871.2 875.3 873.6 857.1 850.5 861.5 860.1 862.1 862.6 .5 Leisure and hospitality......... 13,358 13,490 13,213 13,151 13,635 13,639 13,587 13,557 13,490 13,468 -22 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................... 1,860.7 1,946.8 1,834.4 1,827.1 2,010.3 2,004.0 1,988.7 1,993.3 1,982.0 1,979.1 -2.9 Performing arts and spectator sports....................... 416.7 425.8 410.7 404.7 429.9 432.9 427.6 429.3 422.4 420.5 -1.9 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks.............. 125.3 130.0 125.2 122.2 131.5 131.7 130.3 129.5 129.5 129.3 -.2 Amusements, gambling, and recreation................... 1,318.7 1,391.0 1,298.5 1,300.2 1,448.9 1,439.4 1,430.8 1,434.5 1,430.1 1,429.3 -.8 Accommodation and food services11,496.9 11,543.6 11,378.8 11,324.2 11,624.7 11,634.6 11,598.3 11,564.1 11,507.9 11,488.7 -19.2 Accommodation................. 1,803.0 1,800.8 1,706.7 1,707.1 1,858.1 1,824.9 1,810.6 1,802.9 1,767.7 1,768.9 1.2 Food services and drinking places....................... 9,693.9 9,742.8 9,672.1 9,617.1 9,766.6 9,809.7 9,787.7 9,761.2 9,740.2 9,719.8 -20.4 Other services.................. 5,486 5,525 5,488 5,441 5,507 5,526 5,530 5,525 5,502 5,467 -35 Repair and maintenance........ 1,246.5 1,228.8 1,208.6 1,196.1 1,255.5 1,233.9 1,232.7 1,228.0 1,217.1 1,208.1 -9.0 Personal and laundry services. 1,304.3 1,315.2 1,304.6 1,306.4 1,306.9 1,318.5 1,319.4 1,315.1 1,310.4 1,310.7 .3 Membership associations and organizations................ 2,935.2 2,981.2 2,974.9 2,938.1 2,944.4 2,973.6 2,977.5 2,982.2 2,974.8 2,947.7 -27.1 Government...................... 22,702 22,872 22,992 22,872 22,333 22,514 22,495 22,510 22,507 22,514 7 Federal........................ 2,740 2,767 2,758 2,763 2,735 2,748 2,750 2,758 2,757 2,755 -2 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service...................... 1,960.8 2,043.8 2,045.7 2,047.5 1,972.3 2,025.2 2,033.6 2,045.3 2,052.7 2,056.7 4.0 U.S. Postal Service........... 779.1 723.3 712.1 715.7 763.1 722.4 716.8 712.8 704.3 698.4 -5.9 State government............... 5,250 5,350 5,379 5,323 5,153 5,210 5,206 5,208 5,215 5,221 6 State government education.... 2,447.5 2,535.6 2,564.1 2,509.4 2,332.5 2,378.8 2,378.8 2,378.4 2,384.9 2,389.4 4.5 State government, excluding education.................... 2,802.6 2,814.6 2,815.1 2,813.8 2,820.9 2,831.2 2,826.7 2,829.2 2,829.9 2,831.6 1.7 Local government............... 14,712 14,755 14,855 14,786 14,445 14,556 14,539 14,544 14,535 14,538 3 Local government education.... 8,360.4 8,302.2 8,393.8 8,371.7 8,016.5 8,058.6 8,043.7 8,052.6 8,044.1 8,041.9 -2.2 Local government, excluding education.................... 6,351.9 6,453.2 6,461.3 6,414.3 6,428.2 6,497.4 6,495.1 6,491.8 6,490.7 6,496.3 5.6 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. from: 2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p Nov. 2008- Dec. 2008p Total private......................... 34.1 33.6 33.7 33.3 33.8 33.7 33.6 33.5 33.5 33.3 -0.2 Goods-producing........................... 40.7 40.2 39.8 39.5 40.5 40.3 39.9 39.8 39.6 39.3 -.3 Natural resources and mining.................. 45.8 45.2 44.9 44.0 45.8 45.3 44.5 44.6 44.5 44.0 -.5 Construction.................................. 38.6 38.8 37.8 37.3 39.0 38.7 38.4 38.1 37.8 37.8 .0 Manufacturing................................. 41.6 40.7 40.5 40.3 41.1 40.9 40.5 40.4 40.3 39.9 -.4 Overtime hours............................. 4.3 3.6 3.4 3.2 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.0 -.3 Durable goods................................ 41.8 40.8 40.6 40.5 41.3 41.2 40.7 40.6 40.4 40.0 -.4 Overtime hours............................. 4.4 3.5 3.2 3.1 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.9 -.2 Wood products............................... 39.4 38.2 38.3 37.5 39.2 38.9 38.4 38.1 38.0 37.4 -.6 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 41.1 42.5 41.4 41.0 41.5 42.3 42.0 41.9 41.5 41.6 .1 Primary metals.............................. 42.8 41.6 40.8 40.2 42.2 42.7 42.1 41.4 40.6 39.9 -.7 Fabricated metal products................... 42.1 41.1 40.8 40.4 41.6 41.3 41.0 40.7 40.5 40.0 -.5 Machinery................................... 43.5 42.1 41.8 41.5 42.9 42.7 42.2 41.9 41.5 41.0 -.5 Computer and electronic products............ 41.4 40.9 41.5 41.3 40.5 41.0 40.9 40.8 41.1 40.5 -.6 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 42.7 40.8 40.8 41.0 41.6 41.0 41.0 40.5 40.3 40.0 -.3 Transportation equipment.................... 42.9 41.6 40.9 41.5 42.1 41.8 40.8 41.3 40.9 40.8 -.1 Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 42.3 40.7 40.0 40.5 41.6 40.4 40.9 40.6 40.2 39.9 -.3 Furniture and related products.............. 39.9 37.3 37.2 37.8 39.1 38.1 37.5 37.4 37.3 37.2 -.1 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 39.3 38.7 38.8 39.1 38.8 39.5 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.8 .0 Nondurable goods............................. 41.3 40.4 40.5 40.1 40.8 40.4 40.2 40.2 40.1 39.7 -.4 Overtime hours............................. 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.3 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.2 -.3 Food manufacturing.......................... 41.0 40.8 40.9 40.0 40.4 40.5 40.4 40.4 40.3 39.5 -.8 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 40.3 37.6 38.4 37.3 40.8 38.2 38.2 38.0 38.1 37.6 -.5 Textile mills............................... 41.1 38.3 38.3 37.5 40.2 39.5 39.0 38.2 37.9 36.8 -1.1 Textile product mills....................... 40.7 37.7 37.9 37.7 39.9 38.8 38.2 37.9 37.8 37.2 -.6 Apparel..................................... 37.5 36.2 37.1 37.2 37.5 36.4 36.0 36.2 36.8 37.0 .2 Leather and allied products................. 40.0 36.9 36.0 37.2 39.1 37.6 37.5 37.0 36.2 36.5 .3 Paper and paper products.................... 44.6 42.5 42.0 41.9 44.0 43.0 42.4 42.2 41.7 41.3 -.4 Printing and related support activities..... 39.3 38.9 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.3 38.3 38.5 38.4 38.3 -.1 Petroleum and coal products................. 43.1 46.1 45.2 44.5 44.0 45.5 45.3 45.3 44.6 45.2 .6 Chemicals................................... 41.8 41.4 41.6 41.5 41.5 41.5 41.3 41.5 41.3 41.2 -.1 Plastics and rubber products................ 42.0 40.7 40.7 40.7 41.4 41.0 40.8 40.6 40.5 40.2 -.3 Private service-providing................ 32.7 32.2 32.5 32.1 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.3 32.3 32.2 -.1 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.7 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.1 33.0 32.9 -.1 Wholesale trade.............................. 38.8 38.2 38.5 37.9 38.3 38.3 38.1 38.2 38.1 38.0 -.1 Retail trade................................. 30.5 29.8 29.7 29.9 30.1 30.0 30.1 29.9 29.8 29.7 -.1 Transportation and warehousing............... 37.6 36.2 36.3 36.5 36.8 36.4 36.3 36.3 36.0 36.3 .3 Utilities.................................... 42.7 42.6 42.9 42.7 42.8 42.2 42.6 42.5 42.5 42.8 .3 Information................................... 36.7 36.9 37.4 36.8 36.3 36.8 36.9 36.9 37.0 37.0 .0 Financial activities.......................... 36.4 35.7 36.6 35.7 35.8 36.1 36.0 35.9 36.0 35.9 -.1 Professional and business services............ 35.2 35.0 35.3 34.6 34.8 34.9 34.8 34.9 35.0 34.7 -.3 Education and health services................. 32.8 32.4 32.7 32.3 32.6 32.6 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.4 -.1 Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.3 25.0 25.0 24.6 25.3 25.2 25.2 25.1 25.1 25.0 -.1 Other services................................ 31.0 30.7 30.9 30.5 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.7 30.7 30.6 -.1 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008p 2008p Total private........................... $17.75 $18.23 $18.38 $18.37 $605.28 $612.53 $619.41 $611.72 Seasonally adjusted.................... 17.70 18.23 18.31 18.36 598.26 610.71 613.39 611.39 Goods-producing............................. 18.96 19.59 19.64 19.69 771.67 787.52 781.67 777.76 Natural resources and mining.................... 21.68 22.96 23.08 22.99 992.94 1037.79 1036.29 1011.56 Construction.................................... 21.38 22.27 22.32 22.48 825.27 864.08 843.70 838.50 Manufacturing................................... 17.51 17.84 17.94 18.03 728.42 726.09 726.57 726.61 Durable goods.................................. 18.46 18.78 18.90 19.01 771.63 766.22 767.34 769.91 Wood products................................. 13.88 14.41 14.45 14.58 546.87 550.46 553.44 546.75 Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 16.94 16.93 16.74 16.58 696.23 719.53 693.04 679.78 Primary metals................................ 19.73 20.00 20.05 20.08 844.44 832.00 818.04 807.22 Fabricated metal products..................... 16.82 17.18 17.22 17.38 708.12 706.10 702.58 702.15 Machinery..................................... 17.95 18.09 18.21 18.29 780.83 761.59 761.18 759.04 Computer and electronic products.............. 20.33 21.46 21.54 21.58 841.66 877.71 893.91 891.25 Electrical equipment and appliances........... 15.73 15.85 15.83 15.98 671.67 646.68 645.86 655.18 Transportation equipment...................... 23.46 24.01 24.26 24.37 1006.43 998.82 992.23 1011.36 Furniture and related products................ 14.50 14.55 14.58 14.63 578.55 542.72 542.38 553.01 Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 15.00 15.33 15.44 15.56 589.50 593.27 599.07 608.40 Nondurable goods............................... 15.90 16.31 16.39 16.44 656.67 658.92 663.80 659.24 Food manufacturing............................ 13.70 14.09 14.21 14.26 561.70 574.87 581.19 570.40 Beverages and tobacco products................ 19.69 19.24 19.72 19.67 793.51 723.42 757.25 733.69 Textile mills................................. 13.13 13.72 13.88 13.89 539.64 525.48 531.60 520.88 Textile product mills......................... 11.75 11.62 11.63 11.83 478.23 438.07 440.78 445.99 Apparel....................................... 11.28 11.38 11.42 11.38 423.00 411.96 423.68 423.34 Leather and allied products................... 12.12 13.14 13.26 13.30 484.80 484.87 477.36 494.76 Paper and paper products...................... 18.71 19.06 18.94 19.13 834.47 810.05 795.48 801.55 Printing and related support activities....... 16.65 17.00 17.01 17.17 654.35 661.30 659.99 666.20 Petroleum and coal products................... 25.52 28.86 28.53 28.13 1099.91 1330.45 1289.56 1251.79 Chemicals..................................... 19.57 19.71 20.02 19.86 818.03 815.99 832.83 824.19 Plastics and rubber products.................. 15.65 16.01 16.03 16.10 657.30 651.61 652.42 655.27 Private service-providing.................. 17.45 17.89 18.07 18.06 570.62 576.06 587.28 579.73 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.89 16.26 16.30 16.17 535.49 536.58 537.90 533.61 Wholesale trade................................ 20.10 20.21 20.40 20.27 779.88 772.02 785.40 768.23 Retail trade................................... 12.64 12.91 12.92 12.83 385.52 384.72 383.72 383.62 Transportation and warehousing................. 18.04 18.53 18.56 18.55 678.30 670.79 673.73 677.08 Utilities...................................... 28.61 29.00 29.15 29.23 1221.65 1235.40 1250.54 1248.12 Information..................................... 24.34 25.01 25.14 24.96 893.28 922.87 940.24 918.53 Financial activities............................ 19.97 20.42 20.54 20.51 726.91 728.99 751.76 732.21 Professional and business services.............. 20.67 21.39 22.00 22.09 727.58 748.65 776.60 764.31 Education and health services................... 18.51 18.92 18.96 19.08 607.13 613.01 619.99 616.28 Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.77 10.92 10.93 11.04 272.48 273.00 273.25 271.58 Other services.................................. 15.75 15.91 15.97 16.02 488.25 488.44 493.47 488.61 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from: 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p Nov. 2008- Dec. 2008p Total private: Current dollars........................ $17.70 $18.14 $18.17 $18.23 $18.31 $18.36 0.3 Constant (1982) dollars(2)............. 8.27 8.17 8.19 8.32 8.54 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............................. 18.90 19.41 19.47 19.52 19.60 19.63 .2 Natural resources and mining.................... 21.54 23.02 23.17 23.06 23.05 22.85 -.9 Construction.................................... 21.30 22.01 22.09 22.15 22.27 22.37 .4 Manufacturing................................... 17.41 17.76 17.79 17.86 17.94 17.92 -.1 Excluding overtime(4)........................ 16.60 16.99 17.05 17.12 17.23 17.27 .2 Durable goods.................................. 18.33 18.70 18.72 18.80 18.89 18.88 -.1 Nondurable goods............................... 15.86 16.18 16.27 16.34 16.39 16.39 .0 Private service-providing.................. 17.39 17.82 17.85 17.92 18.00 18.06 .3 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 16.00 16.26 16.23 16.27 16.31 16.33 .1 Wholesale trade................................ 19.93 20.29 20.23 20.23 20.25 20.22 -.1 Retail trade................................... 12.81 12.93 12.93 12.92 12.98 13.00 .2 Transportation and warehousing................. 18.07 18.47 18.45 18.55 18.56 18.59 .2 Utilities...................................... 28.52 28.88 28.84 28.92 29.00 29.12 .4 Information..................................... 24.18 24.91 24.86 24.95 25.06 25.00 -.2 Financial activities............................ 19.91 20.38 20.42 20.44 20.42 20.55 .6 Professional and business services.............. 20.46 21.30 21.40 21.56 21.83 22.03 .9 Education and health services................... 18.48 18.85 18.91 18.95 18.99 19.04 .3 Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.65 10.89 10.89 10.91 10.90 10.92 .2 Other services.................................. 15.71 15.92 15.93 15.95 15.97 16.00 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was 2.6 percent from Oct. 2008 to Nov. 2008, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from: 2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p Nov. 2008- Dec. 2008p Total private......................... 109.2 106.4 106.0 103.8 107.8 106.8 106.1 105.3 104.7 103.5 -1.1 Goods-producing........................... 100.6 96.6 93.8 90.0 100.6 96.9 95.3 93.9 92.4 90.3 -2.3 Natural resources and mining.................. 135.1 145.8 144.6 139.4 135.6 143.0 141.9 141.5 142.1 139.8 -1.6 Construction.................................. 109.4 109.2 102.8 95.3 112.7 106.8 104.9 102.8 100.5 98.9 -1.6 Manufacturing................................. 95.0 88.8 87.3 85.2 93.7 90.5 89.0 87.6 86.5 84.4 -2.4 Durable goods................................ 98.0 89.7 88.2 86.1 96.5 92.6 90.7 89.0 87.5 85.0 -2.9 Wood products............................... 86.9 76.2 73.9 69.7 86.9 79.4 77.4 75.2 73.4 70.1 -4.5 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 92.4 95.4 89.8 84.6 94.4 94.3 92.4 92.0 89.2 87.6 -1.8 Primary metals.............................. 90.9 85.8 82.4 78.9 89.6 88.7 87.2 85.2 81.9 78.4 -4.3 Fabricated metal products................... 106.3 99.4 97.1 94.0 104.8 101.6 100.0 97.9 95.9 92.8 -3.2 Machinery................................... 106.7 100.7 98.1 96.7 105.0 103.7 101.4 100.1 97.4 95.6 -1.8 Computer and electronic products............ 104.3 99.5 100.1 98.2 101.7 101.3 100.2 99.1 98.8 96.0 -2.8 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 92.0 87.3 86.2 85.1 89.2 88.0 87.5 86.3 84.8 83.0 -2.1 Transportation equipment.................... 98.0 81.3 81.4 80.9 95.2 86.4 83.5 81.1 81.0 78.9 -2.6 Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 84.1 66.5 64.9 63.7 81.6 69.2 68.8 66.8 64.8 62.0 -4.3 Furniture and related products.............. 86.2 71.6 69.0 68.4 84.2 75.5 73.9 71.6 69.6 67.8 -2.6 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 92.7 89.1 88.1 87.8 91.0 90.9 89.0 88.7 87.4 86.9 -.6 Nondurable goods............................. 90.3 86.9 86.0 83.9 89.3 87.0 86.3 85.7 84.8 83.3 -1.8 Food manufacturing.......................... 102.7 103.0 102.7 98.9 101.0 100.2 100.2 100.2 99.9 97.5 -2.4 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 89.1 89.8 89.9 86.3 92.3 87.6 87.8 87.6 88.9 88.7 -.2 Textile mills............................... 54.8 46.1 43.7 41.6 53.8 48.9 47.3 45.5 43.4 41.2 -5.1 Textile product mills....................... 77.7 69.1 67.7 65.8 76.4 70.9 70.2 69.0 67.6 65.5 -3.1 Apparel..................................... 59.7 54.2 54.9 53.7 60.3 56.3 54.7 54.0 54.3 53.9 -.7 Leather and allied products................. 74.0 71.5 68.5 69.8 71.5 74.3 73.4 70.9 68.4 68.5 .1 Paper and paper products.................... 89.0 83.5 81.9 81.4 87.9 85.3 83.7 83.1 81.6 80.4 -1.5 Printing and related support activities..... 92.4 86.6 85.8 84.2 90.6 86.6 86.3 85.3 84.2 82.8 -1.7 Petroleum and coal products................. 90.3 103.2 99.0 92.6 95.1 102.4 102.0 99.8 97.9 97.9 .0 Chemicals................................... 96.2 94.3 94.3 93.7 95.6 95.5 94.6 95.0 94.3 93.3 -1.1 Plastics and rubber products................ 91.2 84.6 82.5 81.2 90.1 87.1 85.7 84.0 82.2 80.6 -1.9 Private service-providing................. 111.4 108.9 109.3 107.6 109.7 109.6 108.9 108.6 108.1 107.4 -.6 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 109.4 102.5 103.1 103.5 105.1 103.6 103.1 102.3 101.2 100.4 -.8 Wholesale trade.............................. 112.8 109.3 109.4 107.0 111.1 110.0 109.1 108.9 108.0 107.1 -.8 Retail trade................................. 107.2 98.3 99.6 101.2 101.4 99.7 99.5 98.3 97.1 96.4 -.7 Transportation and warehousing............... 113.6 107.4 106.4 106.7 109.5 107.7 106.7 106.3 104.3 104.6 .3 Utilities.................................... 97.1 99.1 99.8 99.2 97.5 97.4 98.8 98.9 98.9 99.8 .9 Information................................... 101.3 99.8 101.1 99.4 99.7 100.2 100.3 100.4 100.0 99.5 -.5 Financial activities.......................... 110.0 107.5 109.5 106.6 108.2 109.2 108.6 108.1 108.0 107.4 -.6 Professional and business services............ 118.1 115.9 114.8 110.8 116.7 115.0 114.2 113.9 113.0 111.2 -1.6 Education and health services................. 115.8 117.5 119.0 117.5 114.1 116.9 116.6 116.7 116.9 116.9 .0 Leisure and hospitality....................... 109.2 109.3 106.9 104.7 111.6 111.4 111.0 110.3 109.8 109.1 -.6 Other services................................ 99.3 99.5 99.4 97.1 99.2 100.0 99.8 99.5 99.0 98.1 -.9 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment. Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from: 2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p Nov. 2008- Dec. 2008p Total private......................... 129.6 129.6 130.1 127.5 127.5 129.4 128.8 128.3 128.1 127.0 -0.9 Goods-producing........................... 116.8 115.9 112.8 108.6 116.5 115.2 113.6 112.2 110.9 108.6 -2.1 Natural resources and mining.................. 170.3 194.7 194.1 186.3 169.8 191.4 191.2 189.8 190.5 185.8 -2.5 Construction.................................. 126.3 131.3 123.9 115.7 129.6 126.9 125.1 123.0 120.9 119.4 -1.2 Manufacturing................................. 108.8 103.6 102.4 100.5 106.7 105.1 103.5 102.4 101.5 99.0 -2.5 Durable goods................................ 112.9 105.2 104.1 102.2 110.4 108.1 106.0 104.4 103.2 100.2 -2.9 Nondurable goods............................. 101.5 100.1 99.6 97.5 100.0 99.5 99.2 98.9 98.2 96.5 -1.7 Private service-providing................. 133.3 133.5 135.5 133.3 130.8 133.9 133.3 133.5 133.4 133.0 -.3 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 124.0 118.9 119.9 119.4 119.9 120.2 119.4 118.7 117.7 117.0 -.6 Wholesale trade.............................. 133.6 130.1 131.5 127.8 130.4 131.5 130.0 129.8 128.8 127.6 -.9 Retail trade................................. 116.2 108.8 110.3 111.2 111.3 110.5 110.3 108.8 108.1 107.4 -.6 Transportation and warehousing............... 130.0 126.3 125.3 125.6 125.5 126.2 124.9 125.0 122.9 123.4 .4 Utilities.................................... 115.9 119.9 121.4 121.1 116.1 117.5 119.0 119.4 119.7 121.3 1.3 Information................................... 122.1 123.6 125.9 122.9 119.4 123.6 123.5 124.0 124.0 123.2 -.6 Financial activities.......................... 135.8 135.7 139.1 135.2 133.2 137.6 137.1 136.6 136.4 136.4 .0 Professional and business services............ 145.3 147.5 150.3 145.7 142.1 145.7 145.5 146.1 146.8 145.7 -.7 Education and health services................. 141.0 146.1 148.3 147.4 138.6 144.9 144.9 145.3 146.0 146.3 .2 Leisure and hospitality....................... 133.6 135.6 132.7 131.3 135.0 137.8 137.3 136.6 135.9 135.3 -.4 Other services................................ 114.0 115.3 115.6 113.4 113.6 116.0 115.8 115.6 115.2 114.4 -.7 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment. Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2004 .............. 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8 2005 .............. 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7 2006 .............. 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0 2007 .............. 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5 2008 .............. 45.4 41.4 47.4 45.6 46.4 42.3 38.3 46.2 35.9 34.1 p27.2 p25.4 Over 3-month span: 2004 .............. 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6 2005 .............. 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3 2006 .............. 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4 2007 .............. 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4 2008 .............. 46.7 42.7 42.3 44.0 43.1 44.0 36.3 37.4 34.1 33.0 p28.3 p24.1 Over 6-month span: 2004 .............. 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0 2005 .............. 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0 2006 .............. 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0 2007 .............. 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8 2008 .............. 51.5 49.8 44.7 46.5 43.6 39.1 37.6 39.1 33.6 31.6 p28.3 p26.8 Over 12-month span: 2004 .............. 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8 2005 .............. 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7 2006 .............. 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5 2007 .............. 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7 2008 .............. 53.8 54.6 52.6 50.4 49.3 45.8 44.7 42.5 41.4 38.0 p31.8 p30.5 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2004 .............. 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9 2005 .............. 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0 2006 .............. 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3 2007 .............. 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3 2008 .............. 40.5 28.6 38.1 35.1 44.6 30.4 26.8 37.5 25.0 18.5 p18.5 p11.3 Over 3-month span: 2004 .............. 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7 2005 .............. 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4 2006 .............. 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5 2007 .............. 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7 2008 .............. 35.7 27.4 26.8 29.2 29.8 35.7 24.4 22.6 21.4 22.6 p18.5 p14.3 Over 6-month span: 2004 .............. 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7 2005 .............. 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3 2006 .............. 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8 2007 .............. 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7 2008 .............. 34.5 33.9 32.1 28.0 26.8 20.8 19.6 24.4 17.3 17.9 p15.5 p15.5 Over 12-month span: 2004 .............. 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6 2005 .............. 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1 2006 .............. 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0 2007 .............. 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9 2008 .............. 29.8 29.8 29.8 24.4 27.4 24.4 23.8 21.4 22.6 20.2 p17.9 p17.9 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.