Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-26-0020
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 9, 2026

Technical information: 
 Household data:	     (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	     (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- DECEMBER 2025


Both total nonfarm payroll employment (+50,000) and the unemployment rate (4.4 percent)
changed little in December, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment
continued to trend up in food services and drinking places, health care, and social
assistance. Retail trade lost jobs.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											      |
|                Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data			      |
| 											      |
| Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal	      |
| adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted  |
| estimates back to January 2021 were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January |
| 2025 through November 2025 (as originally published and as revised), along with additional  |
| information about the revisions, appear in table A at the end of this news release.	      |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________________|


Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.4 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.5
million, changed little in December. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.9 percent), adult women
(3.9 percent), teenagers (15.7 percent), Whites (3.8 percent), Blacks (7.5 percent), Asians
(3.6 percent), and Hispanics (4.9 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of people jobless less than 5 weeks edged down to 2.3 million in December. The
number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) changed little over the
month at 1.9 million but is up by 397,000 over the year. The long-term unemployed accounted
for 26.0 percent of all unemployed people in December. (See table A-12.)

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.4 percent, and the employment-population ratio,
at 59.7 percent, changed little in December. These measures have shown little change over the
year. (See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 5.3 million, changed little
in December but is up by 980,000 over the year. These individuals would have preferred
full-time employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they
were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 6.2
million in December but is up by 684,000 over the year. These individuals were not counted as
unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the
survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force changed little at 1.8 million in December. These individuals wanted and
were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not
looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a
subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, decreased
by 183,000 in December to 461,000. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in December (+50,000). Employment continued to
trend up in food services and drinking places, health care, and social assistance. Retail
trade lost jobs. Payroll employment rose by 584,000 in 2025 (an average monthly gain of
49,000), less than the increase of 2.0 million in 2024 (an average monthly gain of 168,000).
(See table B-1.)

Employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up in December (+27,000).
Food services and drinking places added an average of 12,000 jobs per month in 2025, similar
to the average increase of 11,000 jobs per month in 2024.

Health care employment continued its upward trend in December (+21,000), with a gain of
16,000 jobs in hospitals. Health care employment rose by an average of 34,000 per month in
2025, less than the average monthly gain of 56,000 in 2024.

In December, employment in social assistance continued to trend up (+17,000), mostly in
individual and family services (+13,000). 

Retail trade lost 25,000 jobs in December. Over the month, employment declined in warehouse
clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers (-19,000) and in food and
beverage retailers (-9,000). Electronics and appliance retailers added 5,000 jobs. Retail 
trade employment showed little net change in both 2024 and 2025. 

Federal government employment was little changed in December (+2,000). Since reaching a peak
in January, federal government employment is down by 277,000, or 9.2 percent. (Employees on
paid leave or receiving ongoing severance pay are counted as employed in the establishment
survey.) 

Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including
mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; manufacturing; wholesale trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; financial activities; professional and business
services; and other services.

In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12
cents, or 0.3 percent, to $37.02. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 3.8 percent. In December, average hourly earnings of private-sector production
and nonsupervisory employees, at $31.76, changed little (+3 cents). (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to
34.2 hours in December. In manufacturing, the average workweek edged down by 0.2 hour to 39.9
hours, and overtime was unchanged at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2
and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised down by 68,000, from
-105,000 to -173,000, and the change for November was revised down by 8,000, from +64,000 to
+56,000. With these revisions, employment in October and November combined is 76,000 lower
than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the
recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 6, 2026,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											      |
|             Household Survey Estimates and the Federal Government Shutdown		      |
|											      |
| The federal government shutdown did not impact the collection of household survey data for  |
| December 2025. The household survey returned to the usual composite weighting methodology   |
| in December. The impact of the November weighting change on the standard error for the      |
| December unemployment rate was negligible. 						      |
|											      |
| Household survey data for the fourth quarter of 2025 were not produced. Due to the federal  |
| government shutdown, household survey data were not collected for October 2025. Reliable    |
| estimates for the fourth quarter of 2025 could not be produced without one-third of the     |
| data used for a quarterly estimate.							      |
|											      |
| Annual estimates of 2025 household survey data were produced using 11-month averages that   |
| exclude October. As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with	      |
| annual averages for other years.							      |
|											      |
| Additional information about the impact of the shutdown on the household survey is	      |
| available online at									      |
| www.bls.gov/cps/methods/2025-federal-government-shutdown-impact-cps.htm.		      |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________________|
											      

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											      |
|                     Upcoming Changes to Establishment Survey Data			      |
|											      |
| Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2026 on February 6,      |
| 2026, nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data from the establishment survey    |
| will be revised to reflect the annual benchmark process and updated seasonal adjustment     |
| factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2024 and seasonally adjusted     |
| data beginning with January 2021 are subject to revision. Consistent with standard	      |
| practice, additional historical data may be revised as a result of the benchmark process.   |
|											      |
| Also effective with the release of January 2026 data, the establishment survey will change  |
| the birth-death model by incorporating current sample information each month. The change    |
| follows the same methodology applied to the April through October 2024 forecasts during     |
| the 2024 post-benchmark period (see question 9 in the CES Birth-Death Model Frequently      |
| Asked Questions page at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbdqa.htm).				      |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________________|


 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											      |
|                  Population Control Adjustments to the Household Survey		      |
|											      |
| The annual population control adjustments that are usually incorporated with the release    |
| of January estimates in February will instead be introduced with the release of February    |
| 2026 estimates in March. Consequently, the initial January 2026 household survey estimates  |
| will continue to use short-term projections of monthly population estimates derived from    |
| population adjustments introduced in January 2025 (based on Vintage 2024 population	      |
| estimates provided by the U.S. Census Bureau). As soon as practicable, BLS plans to revise  |
| January 2026 estimates to incorporate the updated population controls. Additional	      |
| information will be announced at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.		      |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________________| 

                 
                 Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

At the end of each calendar year, BLS updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the national
labor force series derived from the household survey. As a result of this process, seasonally
adjusted data for January 2021 through November 2025 were subject to revision. (Not seasonally
adjusted data were not subject to revision.) 

Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2025 through November 2025, excluding October
2025, as first published and as revised. (Household survey data were not collected for October
2025 due to the federal government shutdown.) The unemployment rate changed by one-tenth of a
percentage point in 4 of the 10 months and was unchanged in the remaining 6 months. Revised
seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series back to December 2024 appear in
table B. 

More information on this year's revisions to seasonally adjusted household series is available 
at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-seas-adjustment-methodology.pdf. Detailed information on the
seasonal adjustment methodology is found at www.bls.gov/cps/seasonal-adjustment-methodology.htm. 

Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables (A-1 through A-16) of this
news release can be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally
adjusted data are available at www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and
https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln.


Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2025 and changes due to revision
January - November 2025

Month                  As First Published          As Revised              Change

January.............                 4.0                 4.0                 0.0
February............                 4.1                 4.2                 0.1
March...............                 4.2                 4.2                 0.0
April...............                 4.2                 4.2                 0.0
May.................                 4.2                 4.3                 0.1
June................                 4.1                 4.1                 0.0
July................                 4.2                 4.3                 0.1
August..............                 4.3                 4.3                 0.0
September...........                 4.4                 4.4                 0.0
October.............	              —	                  —	              — 
November............                 4.6                 4.5                -0.1

NOTE: Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

 




HOUSEHOLD DATA
 Table B.  Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]




	
Employment status, sex, and age
	
2024
	
2025


	
Dec.
	
Jan.
	
Feb.
	
Mar.
	
Apr.
	
May
	
June
	
July
	
Aug.
	
Sept.
	
Oct.
	
Nov.
	
Dec.






	
TOTAL
				




	
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	
269,638
	
272,685
	
272,847
	
273,023
	
273,197
	
273,385
	
273,585
	
273,785
	
274,001
	
274,226
	
-
	
274,633
	
274,816



	
Civilian labor force
	
168,506
	
170,696
	
170,441
	
170,641
	
171,054
	
170,492
	
170,380
	
170,412
	
170,750
	
171,261
	
-
	
171,541
	
171,495



	
Participation rate
	
62.5
	
62.6
	
62.5
	
62.5
	
62.6
	
62.4
	
62.3
	
62.2
	
62.3
	
62.5
	
-
	
62.5
	
62.4



	
Employed
	
161,586
	
163,831
	
163,338
	
163,509
	
163,898
	
163,244
	
163,327
	
163,140
	
163,370
	
163,656
	
-
	
163,760
	
163,992



	
Employment-population ratio
	
59.9
	
60.1
	
59.9
	
59.9
	
60.0
	
59.7
	
59.7
	
59.6
	
59.6
	
59.7
	
-
	
59.6
	
59.7



	
Unemployed
	
6,920
	
6,865
	
7,104
	
7,132
	
7,155
	
7,248
	
7,054
	
7,272
	
7,380
	
7,605
	
-
	
7,781
	
7,503



	
Unemployment rate
	
4.1
	
4.0
	
4.2
	
4.2
	
4.2
	
4.3
	
4.1
	
4.3
	
4.3
	
4.4
	
-
	
4.5
	
4.4



	



	
Men, 20 years and over
				




	
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	
122,480
	
123,918
	
123,996
	
124,082
	
124,166
	
124,261
	
124,361
	
124,462
	
124,571
	
124,684
	
-
	
124,889
	
124,981



	
Civilian labor force
	
85,954
	
87,066
	
86,694
	
86,965
	
87,281
	
87,100
	
87,256
	
87,160
	
87,686
	
87,491
	
-
	
87,628
	
87,638



	
Participation rate
	
70.2
	
70.3
	
69.9
	
70.1
	
70.3
	
70.1
	
70.2
	
70.0
	
70.4
	
70.2
	
-
	
70.2
	
70.1



	
Employed
	
82,707
	
83,776
	
83,366
	
83,594
	
83,835
	
83,705
	
83,862
	
83,696
	
84,129
	
83,945
	
-
	
84,043
	
84,199



	
Employment-population ratio
	
67.5
	
67.6
	
67.2
	
67.4
	
67.5
	
67.4
	
67.4
	
67.2
	
67.5
	
67.3
	
-
	
67.3
	
67.4



	
Unemployed
	
3,247
	
3,289
	
3,327
	
3,371
	
3,446
	
3,395
	
3,394
	
3,464
	
3,557
	
3,546
	
-
	
3,585
	
3,439



	
Unemployment rate
	
3.8
	
3.8
	
3.8
	
3.9
	
3.9
	
3.9
	
3.9
	
4.0
	
4.1
	
4.1
	
-
	
4.1
	
3.9



	



	
Women, 20 years and over
				




	
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	
129,518
	
130,908
	
130,991
	
131,080
	
131,167
	
131,268
	
131,374
	
131,481
	
131,597
	
131,717
	
-
	
131,935
	
132,034



	
Civilian labor force
	
75,957
	
77,167
	
77,113
	
76,997
	
77,218
	
76,959
	
76,863
	
77,008
	
76,854
	
77,303
	
-
	
77,442
	
77,351



	
Participation rate
	
58.6
	
58.9
	
58.9
	
58.7
	
58.9
	
58.6
	
58.5
	
58.6
	
58.4
	
58.7
	
-
	
58.7
	
58.6



	
Employed
	
73,099
	
74,354
	
74,199
	
74,156
	
74,360
	
73,970
	
74,110
	
74,150
	
73,895
	
74,102
	
-
	
74,302
	
74,306



	
Employment-population ratio
	
56.4
	
56.8
	
56.6
	
56.6
	
56.7
	
56.4
	
56.4
	
56.4
	
56.2
	
56.3
	
-
	
56.3
	
56.3



	
Unemployed
	
2,859
	
2,812
	
2,915
	
2,841
	
2,859
	
2,989
	
2,753
	
2,857
	
2,959
	
3,201
	
-
	
3,140
	
3,044



	
Unemployment rate
	
3.8
	
3.6
	
3.8
	
3.7
	
3.7
	
3.9
	
3.6
	
3.7
	
3.9
	
4.1
	
-
	
4.1
	
3.9



	



	
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
				




	
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	
17,640
	
17,859
	
17,860
	
17,862
	
17,863
	
17,856
	
17,850
	
17,843
	
17,833
	
17,824
	
-
	
17,808
	
17,801



	
Civilian labor force
	
6,595
	
6,463
	
6,634
	
6,679
	
6,554
	
6,433
	
6,262
	
6,244
	
6,210
	
6,467
	
-
	
6,470
	
6,506



	
Participation rate
	
37.4
	
36.2
	
37.1
	
37.4
	
36.7
	
36.0
	
35.1
	
35.0
	
34.8
	
36.3
	
-
	
36.3
	
36.6



	
Employed
	
5,781
	
5,701
	
5,773
	
5,759
	
5,704
	
5,569
	
5,355
	
5,294
	
5,346
	
5,609
	
-
	
5,415
	
5,486



	
Employment-population ratio
	
32.8
	
31.9
	
32.3
	
32.2
	
31.9
	
31.2
	
30.0
	
29.7
	
30.0
	
31.5
	
-
	
30.4
	
30.8



	
Unemployed
	
814
	
763
	
862
	
920
	
850
	
864
	
906
	
950
	
864
	
858
	
-
	
1,056
	
1,020



	
Unemployment rate
	
12.3
	
11.8
	
13.0
	
13.8
	
13.0
	
13.4
	
14.5
	
15.2
	
13.9
	
13.3
	
-
	
16.3
	
15.7







	

		Footnotes

		(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

	





	

		NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

	

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Change from: Nov. 2025- Dec. 2025
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	269,638	-	274,633	274,816	183
Civilian labor force	168,506	-	171,541	171,495	-46
Participation rate	62.5	-	62.5	62.4	-0.1
Employed	161,586	-	163,760	163,992	232
Employment-population ratio	59.9	-	59.6	59.7	0.1
Unemployed	6,920	-	7,781	7,503	-278
Unemployment rate	4.1	-	4.5	4.4	-0.1
Not in labor force	101,132	-	103,092	103,321	229
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.1	-	4.5	4.4	-0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.8	-	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.8	-	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.3	-	16.3	15.7	-0.6
White	3.6	-	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Black or African American	6.1	-	8.2	7.5	-0.7
Asian	3.5	-	3.6	3.6	0.0
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.1	-	5.0	4.9	-0.1
Total, 25 years and over	3.4	-	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Less than a high school diploma	5.7	-	6.8	5.6	-1.2
High school graduates, no college	4.4	-	4.4	4.0	-0.4
Some college or associate degree	3.4	-	3.5	3.8	0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.5	-	2.9	2.8	-0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,261	-	3,560	3,473	-87
Job leavers	945	-	861	832	-29
Reentrants	2,050	-	2,600	2,337	-263
New entrants	649	-	774	840	66
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,175	-	2,540	2,289	-251
5 to 14 weeks	2,014	-	2,190	2,069	-121
15 to 26 weeks	1,202	-	1,190	1,195	5
27 weeks and over	1,551	-	1,910	1,948	38
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,361	-	5,487	5,341	-146
Slack work or business conditions	2,866	-	3,445	3,436	-9
Could only find part-time work	1,187	-	1,650	1,514	-136
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,622	-	23,068	22,251	-817
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,572	-	1,821	1,758	-63
Discouraged workers	493	-	644	461	-183
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	323	-173	56	50
Total private	287	1	50	37
Goods-producing	4	-21	18	-21
Mining and logging	-1	1	-2	-2
Construction	15	-13	22	-11
Manufacturing	-10	-9	-2	-8
Durable goods(1)	-15	-9	-3	-3
Motor vehicles and parts	-3.4	-6.0	-2.5	-0.7
Nondurable goods	5	0	1	-5
Private service-providing	283	22	32	58
Wholesale trade	13.0	-1.6	-1.2	-2.0
Retail trade	34.4	-23.9	-16.9	-25.0
Transportation and warehousing	34.4	-6.1	-25.2	-6.6
Utilities	-0.8	1.1	1.4	0.8
Information	17	-7	-3	0
Financial activities	12	1	0	7
Professional and business services(1)	36	-16	13	-9
Temporary help services	1.7	-23.8	-5.4	-5.7
Private education and health services(1)	83	41	59	41
Health care and social assistance	75.5	49.6	58.1	38.5
Leisure and hospitality	47	33	-3	47
Other services	7	1	8	5
Government	36	-174	6	13
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	209	-30	-3	-22
Total private	177	38	52	29
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.5	81.5	81.6	81.6
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.2	34.2	34.3	34.2
Average hourly earnings	$35.68	$36.81	$36.90	$37.02
Average weekly earnings	$1,220.26	$1,258.90	$1,265.67	$1,266.08
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	116.2	116.8	117.2	116.9
Over-the-month percent change	-0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	198.3	205.5	206.7	206.8
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.0
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	60.8	51.6	55.6	50.8
Manufacturing (72 industries)	47.2	47.9	43.8	38.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
   employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
   estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
   Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
   the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
   please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 631,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-86,000 to +186,000 (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Dec. 2024	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	269,638	274,633	274,816	269,638	274,001	274,226	-	274,633	274,816
Civilian labor force	167,746	171,467	170,723	168,506	170,750	171,261	-	171,541	171,495
Participation rate	62.2	62.4	62.1	62.5	62.3	62.5	-	62.5	62.4
Employed	161,294	164,066	163,720	161,586	163,370	163,656	-	163,760	163,992
Employment-population ratio	59.8	59.7	59.6	59.9	59.6	59.7	-	59.6	59.7
Unemployed	6,452	7,401	7,003	6,920	7,380	7,605	-	7,781	7,503
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.3	4.4	-	4.5	4.4
Not in labor force	101,892	103,165	104,094	101,132	103,251	102,964	-	103,092	103,321
People who currently want a job	5,294	5,774	5,977	5,524	6,347	5,943	-	6,139	6,208
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	131,455	133,957	134,046	131,455	133,651	133,760	-	133,957	134,046
Civilian labor force	88,712	90,525	90,199	89,304	90,804	90,685	-	90,739	90,780
Participation rate	67.5	67.6	67.3	67.9	67.9	67.8	-	67.7	67.7
Employed	85,139	86,582	86,372	85,593	86,834	86,652	-	86,616	86,812
Employment-population ratio	64.8	64.6	64.4	65.1	65.0	64.8	-	64.7	64.8
Unemployed	3,574	3,942	3,827	3,711	3,970	4,033	-	4,123	3,968
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.4	-	4.5	4.4
Not in labor force	42,743	43,433	43,847	42,151	42,847	43,075	-	43,218	43,266
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,480	124,889	124,981	122,480	124,571	124,684	-	124,889	124,981
Civilian labor force	85,558	87,584	87,251	85,954	87,686	87,491	-	87,628	87,638
Participation rate	69.9	70.1	69.8	70.2	70.4	70.2	-	70.2	70.1
Employed	82,378	84,157	83,874	82,707	84,129	83,945	-	84,043	84,199
Employment-population ratio	67.3	67.4	67.1	67.5	67.5	67.3	-	67.3	67.4
Unemployed	3,179	3,427	3,377	3,247	3,557	3,546	-	3,585	3,439
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.8	4.1	4.1	-	4.1	3.9
Not in labor force	36,923	37,305	37,730	36,527	36,885	37,193	-	37,261	37,344
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	138,183	140,676	140,770	138,183	140,350	140,466	-	140,676	140,770
Civilian labor force	79,034	80,943	80,524	79,202	79,946	80,577	-	80,802	80,715
Participation rate	57.2	57.5	57.2	57.3	57.0	57.4	-	57.4	57.3
Employed	76,155	77,484	77,348	75,993	76,536	77,004	-	77,144	77,180
Employment-population ratio	55.1	55.1	54.9	55.0	54.5	54.8	-	54.8	54.8
Unemployed	2,879	3,459	3,176	3,209	3,410	3,572	-	3,658	3,535
Unemployment rate	3.6	4.3	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.4	-	4.5	4.4
Not in labor force	59,149	59,733	60,246	58,981	60,404	59,889	-	59,873	60,055
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	129,518	131,935	132,034	129,518	131,597	131,717	-	131,935	132,034
Civilian labor force	75,961	77,725	77,358	75,957	76,854	77,303	-	77,442	77,351
Participation rate	58.6	58.9	58.6	58.6	58.4	58.7	-	58.7	58.6
Employed	73,359	74,736	74,572	73,099	73,895	74,102	-	74,302	74,306
Employment-population ratio	56.6	56.6	56.5	56.4	56.2	56.3	-	56.3	56.3
Unemployed	2,602	2,990	2,787	2,859	2,959	3,201	-	3,140	3,044
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.8	3.9	4.1	-	4.1	3.9
Not in labor force	53,557	54,210	54,675	53,561	54,743	54,414	-	54,493	54,683
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,640	17,808	17,801	17,640	17,833	17,824	-	17,808	17,801
Civilian labor force	6,227	6,158	6,113	6,595	6,210	6,467	-	6,470	6,506
Participation rate	35.3	34.6	34.3	37.4	34.8	36.3	-	36.3	36.6
Employed	5,556	5,173	5,275	5,781	5,346	5,609	-	5,415	5,486
Employment-population ratio	31.5	29.0	29.6	32.8	30.0	31.5	-	30.4	30.8
Unemployed	671	985	839	814	864	858	-	1,056	1,020
Unemployment rate	10.8	16.0	13.7	12.3	13.9	13.3	-	16.3	15.7
Not in labor force	11,412	11,650	11,688	11,045	11,623	11,357	-	11,338	11,295
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Dec. 2024	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	205,598	207,980	208,058	205,598	207,675	207,788	-	207,980	208,058
Civilian labor force	127,352	128,310	128,066	127,888	128,374	128,560	-	128,477	128,617
Participation rate	61.9	61.7	61.6	62.2	61.8	61.9	-	61.8	61.8
Employed	122,986	123,701	123,518	123,262	123,565	123,739	-	123,517	123,778
Employment-population ratio	59.8	59.5	59.4	60.0	59.5	59.6	-	59.4	59.5
Unemployed	4,366	4,609	4,548	4,626	4,808	4,821	-	4,960	4,838
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.7	-	3.9	3.8
Not in labor force	78,245	79,670	79,992	77,709	79,301	79,228	-	79,503	79,441
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,039	66,611	66,473	66,265	66,905	66,725	-	66,683	66,700
Participation rate	69.6	69.4	69.2	69.9	69.8	69.5	-	69.4	69.4
Employed	63,838	64,409	64,157	64,091	64,468	64,369	-	64,311	64,411
Employment-population ratio	67.3	67.1	66.8	67.6	67.2	67.1	-	67.0	67.0
Unemployed	2,202	2,202	2,316	2,174	2,438	2,356	-	2,371	2,289
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.5	-	3.6	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,522	57,160	56,986	56,544	56,725	57,003	-	56,993	57,008
Participation rate	57.7	57.6	57.4	57.7	57.3	57.5	-	57.5	57.4
Employed	54,816	55,352	55,349	54,644	54,920	55,082	-	55,051	55,178
Employment-population ratio	55.9	55.8	55.8	55.7	55.5	55.6	-	55.5	55.6
Unemployed	1,706	1,808	1,637	1,900	1,805	1,921	-	1,943	1,831
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.2	2.9	3.4	3.2	3.4	-	3.4	3.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,791	4,539	4,607	5,079	4,743	4,831	-	4,801	4,909
Participation rate	37.7	35.6	36.2	39.9	37.1	37.8	-	37.7	38.5
Employed	4,333	3,940	4,011	4,527	4,177	4,288	-	4,155	4,190
Employment-population ratio	34.1	30.9	31.5	35.6	32.7	33.6	-	32.6	32.9
Unemployed	458	599	596	552	565	543	-	646	719
Unemployment rate	9.6	13.2	12.9	10.9	11.9	11.2	-	13.5	14.6
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	35,194	35,961	35,995	35,194	35,854	35,892	-	35,961	35,995
Civilian labor force	21,822	22,941	22,539	21,979	22,445	22,598	-	22,948	22,728
Participation rate	62.0	63.8	62.6	62.5	62.6	63.0	-	63.8	63.1
Employed	20,593	21,109	20,978	20,639	20,749	20,892	-	21,065	21,024
Employment-population ratio	58.5	58.7	58.3	58.6	57.9	58.2	-	58.6	58.4
Unemployed	1,229	1,832	1,562	1,341	1,697	1,706	-	1,884	1,704
Unemployment rate	5.6	8.0	6.9	6.1	7.6	7.6	-	8.2	7.5
Not in labor force	13,372	13,020	13,456	13,215	13,409	13,294	-	13,013	13,267
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,137	10,763	10,577	10,219	10,644	10,594	-	10,776	10,669
Participation rate	67.8	70.3	69.0	68.3	69.8	69.4	-	70.4	69.6
Employed	9,587	9,981	9,888	9,636	9,893	9,889	-	9,969	9,938
Employment-population ratio	64.1	65.2	64.5	64.4	64.9	64.8	-	65.1	64.9
Unemployed	550	783	689	583	751	705	-	807	731
Unemployment rate	5.4	7.3	6.5	5.7	7.1	6.7	-	7.5	6.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,928	11,272	11,154	10,978	11,016	11,106	-	11,238	11,222
Participation rate	62.1	62.7	62.0	62.4	61.5	61.9	-	62.5	62.4
Employed	10,386	10,487	10,406	10,383	10,265	10,275	-	10,440	10,403
Employment-population ratio	59.0	58.3	57.8	59.0	57.3	57.3	-	58.1	57.8
Unemployed	542	785	748	595	750	831	-	798	820
Unemployment rate	5.0	7.0	6.7	5.4	6.8	7.5	-	7.1	7.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	757	905	809	782	786	898	-	934	837
Participation rate	28.7	33.8	30.2	29.7	29.3	33.5	-	34.8	31.2
Employed	620	642	684	620	590	728	-	656	684
Employment-population ratio	23.5	23.9	25.5	23.5	22.0	27.1	-	24.4	25.5
Unemployed	137	264	125	163	196	170	-	278	153
Unemployment rate	18.1	29.1	15.5	20.8	24.9	18.9	-	29.8	18.3
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,174	19,836	19,788	18,174	19,408	19,519	-	19,836	19,788
Civilian labor force	11,626	13,052	12,997	11,664	12,624	12,751	-	13,083	13,036
Participation rate	64.0	65.8	65.7	64.2	65.0	65.3	-	66.0	65.9
Employed	11,242	12,593	12,557	11,250	12,172	12,197	-	12,617	12,565
Employment-population ratio	61.9	63.5	63.5	61.9	62.7	62.5	-	63.6	63.5
Unemployed	383	459	441	413	453	553	-	466	471
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.6	4.3	-	3.6	3.6
Not in labor force	6,548	6,784	6,790	6,510	6,783	6,769	-	6,753	6,752
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Dec. 2024	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	49,483	51,971	52,080	49,483	51,629	51,746	-	51,971	52,080
Civilian labor force	33,315	35,081	34,856	33,494	34,594	34,839	-	35,025	35,014
Participation rate	67.3	67.5	66.9	67.7	67.0	67.3	-	67.4	67.2
Employed	31,627	33,401	33,166	31,769	32,777	32,928	-	33,262	33,286
Employment-population ratio	63.9	64.3	63.7	64.2	63.5	63.6	-	64.0	63.9
Unemployed	1,687	1,680	1,690	1,725	1,817	1,912	-	1,763	1,728
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.8	4.8	5.1	5.3	5.5	-	5.0	4.9
Not in labor force	16,169	16,891	17,224	15,989	17,034	16,907	-	16,946	17,066
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,815	18,658	18,643	17,915	18,521	18,586	-	18,700	18,744
Participation rate	79.6	79.1	78.9	80.1	79.1	79.2	-	79.3	79.3
Employed	17,056	17,871	17,812	17,179	17,639	17,731	-	17,856	17,935
Employment-population ratio	76.2	75.8	75.3	76.8	75.3	75.5	-	75.7	75.9
Unemployed	759	787	831	736	882	855	-	844	809
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.2	4.5	4.1	4.8	4.6	-	4.5	4.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	14,001	14,967	14,806	14,029	14,525	14,685	-	14,845	14,812
Participation rate	62.3	63.4	62.6	62.4	62.0	62.5	-	62.9	62.6
Employed	13,280	14,325	14,158	13,286	13,814	13,875	-	14,186	14,140
Employment-population ratio	59.1	60.7	59.9	59.1	58.9	59.1	-	60.1	59.8
Unemployed	720	642	648	744	711	810	-	659	672
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.3	4.4	5.3	4.9	5.5	-	4.4	4.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,499	1,456	1,407	1,549	1,549	1,569	-	1,480	1,458
Participation rate	32.3	30.4	29.4	33.4	32.4	32.8	-	30.9	30.5
Employed	1,291	1,205	1,196	1,305	1,324	1,322	-	1,220	1,210
Employment-population ratio	27.9	25.2	25.0	28.2	27.7	27.7	-	25.5	25.3
Unemployed	208	251	211	245	225	247	-	260	248
Unemployment rate	13.9	17.2	15.0	15.8	14.5	15.8	-	17.6	17.0
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2024	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,245	8,915	9,042	9,216	8,659	8,872	-	8,871	9,014
Participation rate	47.7	46.9	46.9	47.6	47.5	47.6	-	46.7	46.7
Employed	8,684	8,354	8,498	8,693	8,078	8,272	-	8,269	8,507
Employment-population ratio	44.8	43.9	44.0	44.9	44.3	44.4	-	43.5	44.1
Unemployed	561	562	544	523	581	600	-	602	507
Unemployment rate	6.1	6.3	6.0	5.7	6.7	6.8	-	6.8	5.6
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,764	37,147	36,456	35,979	36,814	36,205	-	37,153	36,675
Participation rate	56.7	57.9	57.1	57.0	56.9	56.6	-	57.9	57.4
Employed	34,213	35,559	35,003	34,413	35,221	34,681	-	35,529	35,207
Employment-population ratio	54.2	55.4	54.8	54.5	54.4	54.2	-	55.4	55.1
Unemployed	1,551	1,588	1,453	1,566	1,594	1,523	-	1,624	1,468
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.3	4.0	4.4	4.3	4.2	-	4.4	4.0
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,634	36,377	36,335	35,737	36,228	36,540	-	36,272	36,455
Participation rate	62.6	62.1	61.6	62.8	63.6	62.8	-	61.9	61.8
Employed	34,459	35,165	35,029	34,505	35,056	35,283	-	34,996	35,085
Employment-population ratio	60.6	60.0	59.3	60.7	61.6	60.6	-	59.7	59.4
Unemployed	1,174	1,212	1,306	1,232	1,172	1,257	-	1,275	1,370
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.4	-	3.5	3.8
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	65,676	67,218	67,355	65,736	67,557	67,469	-	67,196	67,419
Participation rate	72.1	72.2	72.6	72.1	71.6	72.0	-	72.2	72.6
Employed	64,207	65,345	65,634	64,125	65,738	65,548	-	65,250	65,555
Employment-population ratio	70.4	70.2	70.7	70.4	69.7	70.0	-	70.1	70.6
Unemployed	1,469	1,872	1,721	1,611	1,818	1,920	-	1,945	1,863
Unemployment rate	2.2	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.8	-	2.9	2.8
Footnotes (1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,433	17,092	15,376	15,013	2,057	2,079
Civilian labor force	8,403	8,239	7,202	7,155	1,201	1,084
Participation rate	48.2	48.2	46.8	47.7	58.4	52.1
Employed	8,171	7,918	7,014	6,883	1,157	1,035
Employment-population ratio	46.9	46.3	45.6	45.8	56.2	49.8
Unemployed	232	322	188	273	44	49
Unemployment rate	2.8	3.9	2.6	3.8	3.7	4.5
Not in labor force	9,030	8,853	8,174	7,858	856	995
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,255	5,659	4,305	4,596	950	1,063
Civilian labor force	4,121	4,338	3,456	3,641	665	698
Participation rate	78.4	76.7	80.3	79.2	70.1	65.6
Employed	3,961	4,117	3,331	3,452	630	665
Employment-population ratio	75.4	72.8	77.4	75.1	66.3	62.6
Unemployed	160	221	125	188	35	33
Unemployment rate	3.9	5.1	3.6	5.2	5.3	4.7
Not in labor force	1,134	1,320	849	955	284	365
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,956	3,269	2,492	2,817	464	452
Civilian labor force	2,064	2,206	1,753	1,942	311	264
Participation rate	69.8	67.5	70.4	68.9	67.1	58.4
Employed	2,039	2,159	1,737	1,906	302	253
Employment-population ratio	69.0	66.0	69.7	67.7	65.2	55.9
Unemployed	25	48	16	36	9	11
Unemployment rate	1.2	2.2	0.9	1.9	2.9	4.2
Not in labor force	891	1,063	738	875	153	188
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,498	4,723	5,264	4,543	234	180
Civilian labor force	736	507	694	494	42	13
Participation rate	13.4	10.7	13.2	10.9	17.9	7.4
Employed	715	493	673	480	42	13
Employment-population ratio	13.0	10.4	12.8	10.6	17.9	7.4
Unemployed	21	14	21	14	0	0
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.8	-	-
Not in labor force	4,762	4,216	4,570	4,049	192	167
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,724	3,441	3,315	3,057	409	384
Civilian labor force	1,481	1,188	1,298	1,079	183	109
Participation rate	39.8	34.5	39.2	35.3	44.6	28.3
Employed	1,455	1,149	1,273	1,045	183	103
Employment-population ratio	39.1	33.4	38.4	34.2	44.6	26.9
Unemployed	26	39	26	34	0	5
Unemployment rate	1.7	3.3	2.0	3.1	0.0	4.8
Not in labor force	2,243	2,253	2,017	1,978	226	275
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	242,764	248,183	111,307	114,104	131,458	134,079
Civilian labor force	157,161	160,287	80,467	82,000	76,694	78,286
Participation rate	64.7	64.6	72.3	71.9	58.3	58.4
Employed	151,197	153,955	77,215	78,634	73,981	75,321
Employment-population ratio	62.3	62.0	69.4	68.9	56.3	56.2
Unemployed	5,964	6,332	3,252	3,367	2,713	2,965
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.1	3.5	3.8
Not in labor force	85,603	87,896	30,839	32,104	54,764	55,792
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	People with a disability		People with no disability
	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,842	36,199	234,796	238,617
Civilian labor force	8,621	9,168	159,125	161,554
Participation rate	24.7	25.3	67.8	67.7
Employed	7,996	8,460	153,298	155,260
Employment-population ratio	22.9	23.4	65.3	65.1
Unemployed	625	708	5,827	6,294
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.7	3.7	3.9
Not in labor force	26,220	27,030	75,671	77,063
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,768	3,894	78,580	79,703
Participation rate	43.0	43.4	82.7	82.5
Employed	3,469	3,585	75,553	76,377
Employment-population ratio	39.6	40.0	79.5	79.1
Unemployed	299	308	3,027	3,327
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.9	3.9	4.2
Not in labor force	4,995	5,072	16,476	16,871
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,453	3,851	70,344	71,510
Participation rate	39.6	41.7	72.9	73.3
Employed	3,189	3,497	67,863	68,809
Employment-population ratio	36.6	37.9	70.3	70.5
Unemployed	264	353	2,481	2,701
Unemployment rate	7.6	9.2	3.5	3.8
Not in labor force	5,269	5,377	26,183	26,038
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,400	1,424	10,201	10,341
Participation rate	8.1	7.9	23.6	23.2
Employed	1,338	1,378	9,882	10,074
Employment-population ratio	7.7	7.7	22.9	22.6
Unemployed	62	46	319	267
Unemployment rate	4.5	3.3	3.1	2.6
Not in labor force	15,956	16,581	33,012	34,155
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,844	48,905	24,012	23,741	24,832	25,164
Civilian labor force	32,101	32,426	18,318	18,166	13,783	14,260
Participation rate	65.7	66.3	76.3	76.5	55.5	56.7
Employed	30,729	31,112	17,639	17,459	13,090	13,653
Employment-population ratio	62.9	63.6	73.5	73.5	52.7	54.3
Unemployed	1,372	1,314	679	707	693	607
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.1	3.7	3.9	5.0	4.3
Not in labor force	16,744	16,479	5,694	5,575	11,050	10,904
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	220,793	225,911	107,443	110,305	113,351	115,606
Civilian labor force	135,645	138,297	70,394	72,033	65,251	66,264
Participation rate	61.4	61.2	65.5	65.3	57.6	57.3
Employed	130,565	132,608	67,499	68,913	63,066	63,696
Employment-population ratio	59.1	58.7	62.8	62.5	55.6	55.1
Unemployed	5,081	5,688	2,895	3,120	2,186	2,569
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.1	4.1	4.3	3.3	3.9
Not in labor force	85,148	87,615	37,049	38,272	48,099	49,342
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2024	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,202	2,148	2,289	2,246	2,242	2,206	-	2,200	2,332
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,481	1,374	1,545	1,510	1,527	1,518	-	1,459	1,571
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	696	760	738	710	675	662	-	761	751
Unpaid family workers	26	15	6	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	159,091	161,918	161,431	159,387	161,219	161,423	-	161,635	161,716
Wage and salary workers(1)	149,896	152,351	152,436	150,143	151,912	152,273	-	152,150	152,671
Government	22,399	22,346	22,289	22,079	22,427	22,511	-	22,040	21,973
Private industries	127,497	130,005	130,146	128,058	129,450	129,857	-	130,088	130,708
Private households	581	584	633	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	126,915	129,422	129,513	127,568	128,978	129,359	-	129,600	130,160
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,157	9,499	8,953	9,257	9,246	9,078	-	9,476	9,052
Unpaid family workers	38	68	42	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,461	5,350	5,442	4,361	4,755	4,594	-	5,487	5,341
Slack work or business conditions	2,989	3,379	3,560	2,866	3,069	3,129	-	3,445	3,436
Could only find part-time work	1,150	1,612	1,473	1,187	1,332	1,200	-	1,650	1,514
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	23,068	23,896	22,678	22,622	23,270	22,728	-	23,068	22,251
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,385	5,288	5,366	4,301	4,696	4,504	-	5,417	5,282
Slack work or business conditions	2,936	3,357	3,529	2,834	3,020	3,056	-	3,434	3,427
Could only find part-time work	1,150	1,600	1,453	1,189	1,331	1,190	-	1,635	1,497
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,682	23,502	22,240	22,262	22,827	22,327	-	22,685	21,839
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2024	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	161,294	164,066	163,720	161,586	163,370	163,656	-	163,760	163,992
16 to 19 years	5,556	5,173	5,275	5,781	5,346	5,609	-	5,415	5,486
16 to 17 years	1,927	1,858	1,847	2,022	1,917	2,111	-	1,935	1,938
18 to 19 years	3,630	3,315	3,427	3,756	3,404	3,471	-	3,474	3,547
20 years and over	155,738	158,893	158,446	155,805	158,024	158,047	-	158,345	158,506
20 to 24 years	14,174	14,470	14,282	14,281	13,992	14,183	-	14,456	14,387
25 years and over	141,564	144,423	144,164	141,570	143,959	143,872	-	143,908	144,171
25 to 54 years	103,792	106,212	106,108	103,772	105,868	105,879	-	105,852	106,087
25 to 34 years	35,611	36,293	36,462	35,552	36,243	36,057	-	36,132	36,401
35 to 44 years	36,254	37,310	37,252	36,306	37,242	37,338	-	37,226	37,304
45 to 54 years	31,927	32,610	32,395	31,913	32,383	32,484	-	32,494	32,382
55 years and over	37,772	38,211	38,055	37,798	38,091	37,993	-	38,056	38,085
Men, 16 years and over	85,139	86,582	86,372	85,593	86,834	86,652	-	86,616	86,812
16 to 19 years	2,760	2,425	2,498	2,886	2,705	2,707	-	2,572	2,613
16 to 17 years	909	867	855	983	861	959	-	935	925
18 to 19 years	1,851	1,558	1,643	1,903	1,823	1,727	-	1,631	1,689
20 years and over	82,378	84,157	83,874	82,707	84,129	83,945	-	84,043	84,199
20 to 24 years	7,211	7,349	7,189	7,333	7,171	7,317	-	7,384	7,310
25 years and over	75,168	76,809	76,685	75,387	76,908	76,631	-	76,645	76,904
25 to 54 years	54,911	56,368	56,279	55,080	56,374	56,317	-	56,264	56,448
25 to 34 years	18,781	19,346	19,276	18,811	19,335	19,210	-	19,285	19,307
35 to 44 years	19,310	19,975	19,947	19,406	19,998	20,019	-	19,961	20,042
45 to 54 years	16,820	17,047	17,056	16,863	17,041	17,089	-	17,017	17,100
55 years and over	20,257	20,440	20,406	20,307	20,534	20,314	-	20,381	20,456
Women, 16 years and over	76,155	77,484	77,348	75,993	76,536	77,004	-	77,144	77,180
16 to 19 years	2,796	2,748	2,777	2,895	2,641	2,902	-	2,842	2,874
16 to 17 years	1,017	991	992	1,039	1,056	1,152	-	1,000	1,014
18 to 19 years	1,779	1,757	1,784	1,853	1,581	1,744	-	1,843	1,858
20 years and over	73,359	74,736	74,572	73,099	73,895	74,102	-	74,302	74,306
20 to 24 years	6,963	7,122	7,093	6,948	6,821	6,866	-	7,073	7,077
25 years and over	66,396	67,614	67,478	66,183	67,051	67,241	-	67,263	67,267
25 to 54 years	48,881	49,844	49,829	48,692	49,494	49,562	-	49,588	49,639
25 to 34 years	16,830	16,946	17,185	16,741	16,908	16,847	-	16,847	17,094
35 to 44 years	16,944	17,335	17,305	16,901	17,244	17,319	-	17,264	17,262
45 to 54 years	15,107	15,562	15,339	15,050	15,342	15,395	-	15,477	15,283
55 years and over	17,515	17,770	17,649	17,491	17,557	17,679	-	17,675	17,628
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,973	46,363	46,240	46,020	46,836	46,206	-	46,308	46,289
Married women, spouse present(1)	37,172	37,563	37,326	37,089	37,912	37,912	-	37,405	37,254
Women who maintain families(2)	9,720	10,238	10,417	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	133,014	134,102	134,729	133,502	134,468	135,157	-	134,325	135,215
Part-time workers(4)	28,280	29,964	28,991	28,008	29,043	28,490	-	29,452	28,712
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,607	9,471	8,966	8,493	8,796	8,810	-	9,292	8,848
Percent of total employed	5.3	5.8	5.5	5.3	5.4	5.4	-	5.7	5.4
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,850	7,140	6,938	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,853	10,259	9,691	9,967	9,921	9,740	-	10,237	9,803
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Dec. 2024	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,920	7,781	7,503	4.1	4.3	4.4	-	4.5	4.4
16 to 19 years	814	1,056	1,020	12.3	13.9	13.3	-	16.3	15.7
16 to 17 years	311	402	425	13.3	15.4	14.8	-	17.2	18.0
18 to 19 years	502	641	595	11.8	13.1	12.6	-	15.6	14.4
20 years and over	6,106	6,725	6,483	3.8	4.0	4.1	-	4.1	3.9
20 to 24 years	1,160	1,305	1,282	7.5	9.2	9.2	-	8.3	8.2
25 years and over	4,945	5,498	5,214	3.4	3.4	3.5	-	3.7	3.5
25 to 54 years	3,749	4,289	4,020	3.5	3.6	3.7	-	3.9	3.7
25 to 34 years	1,662	1,877	1,618	4.5	4.4	4.8	-	4.9	4.3
35 to 44 years	1,271	1,325	1,359	3.4	3.4	3.3	-	3.4	3.5
45 to 54 years	817	1,086	1,042	2.5	2.9	2.8	-	3.2	3.1
55 years and over	1,196	1,200	1,194	3.1	2.9	3.2	-	3.1	3.0
Men, 16 years and over	3,711	4,123	3,968	4.2	4.4	4.4	-	4.5	4.4
16 to 19 years	464	538	529	13.8	13.2	15.2	-	17.3	16.8
16 to 17 years	157	205	220	13.8	17.5	16.7	-	18.0	19.2
18 to 19 years	307	336	309	13.9	11.3	14.8	-	17.1	15.5
20 years and over	3,247	3,585	3,439	3.8	4.1	4.1	-	4.1	3.9
20 to 24 years	658	742	757	8.2	9.9	9.4	-	9.1	9.4
25 years and over	2,574	2,913	2,680	3.3	3.5	3.5	-	3.7	3.4
25 to 54 years	1,912	2,236	2,029	3.4	3.7	3.5	-	3.8	3.5
25 to 34 years	893	948	792	4.5	4.5	4.9	-	4.7	3.9
35 to 44 years	618	709	689	3.1	3.4	2.8	-	3.4	3.3
45 to 54 years	402	580	548	2.3	3.0	2.9	-	3.3	3.1
55 years and over	661	677	651	3.2	3.0	3.3	-	3.2	3.1
Women, 16 years and over	3,209	3,658	3,535	4.1	4.3	4.4	-	4.5	4.4
16 to 19 years	350	518	491	10.8	14.6	11.3	-	15.4	14.6
16 to 17 years	155	197	205	12.9	13.7	13.1	-	16.4	16.8
18 to 19 years	195	306	286	9.5	15.1	10.3	-	14.2	13.3
20 years and over	2,859	3,140	3,044	3.8	3.9	4.1	-	4.1	3.9
20 to 24 years	502	563	525	6.7	8.5	9.0	-	7.4	6.9
25 years and over	2,371	2,585	2,533	3.5	3.4	3.6	-	3.7	3.6
25 to 54 years	1,837	2,052	1,990	3.6	3.5	3.8	-	4.0	3.9
25 to 34 years	769	930	826	4.4	4.3	4.6	-	5.2	4.6
35 to 44 years	653	616	670	3.7	3.4	3.8	-	3.4	3.7
45 to 54 years	415	507	494	2.7	2.8	2.8	-	3.2	3.1
55 years and over	532	530	540	2.9	2.9	3.1	-	2.9	3.0
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,022	1,135	997	2.2	2.4	2.3	-	2.4	2.1
Married women, spouse present(1)	935	1,045	995	2.5	2.5	2.3	-	2.7	2.6
Women who maintain families(2)	566	680	624	5.5	6.3	6.1	-	6.2	5.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,629	6,329	6,082	4.0	4.3	4.4	-	4.5	4.3
Part-time workers(4)	1,276	1,501	1,398	4.4	4.8	4.5	-	4.8	4.6
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2024	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,227	3,329	3,439	3,261	3,447	3,524	-	3,560	3,473
On temporary layoff	936	834	1,000	865	890	844	-	1,002	929
Not on temporary layoff	2,291	2,496	2,439	2,396	2,558	2,680	-	2,558	2,544
Permanent job losers	1,611	1,894	1,866	1,714	1,931	2,012	-	1,936	1,969
People who completed temporary jobs	680	602	572	683	627	668	-	623	575
Job leavers	887	853	781	945	785	860	-	861	832
Reentrants	1,798	2,488	2,047	2,050	2,302	2,336	-	2,600	2,337
New entrants	540	731	736	649	792	813	-	774	840
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	50.0	45.0	49.1	47.2	47.1	46.8	-	45.7	46.4
On temporary layoff	14.5	11.3	14.3	12.5	12.1	11.2	-	12.8	12.4
Not on temporary layoff	35.5	33.7	34.8	34.7	34.9	35.6	-	32.8	34.0
Job leavers	13.8	11.5	11.2	13.7	10.7	11.4	-	11.0	11.1
Reentrants	27.9	33.6	29.2	29.7	31.4	31.0	-	33.3	31.2
New entrants	8.4	9.9	10.5	9.4	10.8	10.8	-	9.9	11.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.1	-	2.1	2.0
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	-	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.1	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.4	-	1.5	1.4
New entrants	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	-	0.5	0.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2024	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,054	2,357	2,167	2,175	2,475	2,232	-	2,540	2,289
5 to 14 weeks	1,801	2,066	1,848	2,014	2,058	2,356	-	2,190	2,069
15 weeks and over	2,597	2,978	2,988	2,753	2,975	3,101	-	3,099	3,143
15 to 26 weeks	1,135	1,116	1,128	1,202	1,051	1,286	-	1,190	1,195
27 weeks and over	1,463	1,862	1,860	1,551	1,924	1,815	-	1,910	1,948
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	23.3	23.7	24.1	23.7	24.5	24.1	-	23.1	24.4
Median duration, in weeks	9.8	10.0	11.1	10.2	9.9	10.1	-	9.8	11.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	31.8	31.8	30.9	31.3	33.0	29.0	-	32.4	30.5
5 to 14 weeks	27.9	27.9	26.4	29.0	27.4	30.6	-	28.0	27.6
15 weeks and over	40.3	40.2	42.7	39.7	39.6	40.3	-	39.6	41.9
15 to 26 weeks	17.6	15.1	16.1	17.3	14.0	16.7	-	15.2	15.9
27 weeks and over	22.7	25.2	26.6	22.3	25.6	23.6	-	24.4	26.0
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	161,294	163,720	6,452	7,003	3.8	4.1
Management, professional, and related occupations	71,042	71,918	1,490	1,760	2.1	2.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,752	31,026	616	802	2.0	2.5
Professional and related occupations	40,290	40,892	874	958	2.1	2.3
Service occupations	26,059	26,509	1,408	1,405	5.1	5.0
Sales and office occupations	30,682	30,716	1,145	1,399	3.6	4.4
Sales and related occupations	14,215	14,372	611	683	4.1	4.5
Office and administrative support occupations	16,467	16,344	534	716	3.1	4.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,818	14,436	840	779	5.7	5.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	825	881	107	94	11.5	9.6
Construction and extraction occupations	8,165	8,451	540	490	6.2	5.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,829	5,104	194	195	3.9	3.7
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,692	20,140	994	872	4.8	4.2
Production occupations	7,940	7,959	369	297	4.4	3.6
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,752	12,181	625	576	5.0	4.5
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,452	7,003	3.8	4.1
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,021	5,239	3.8	3.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	35	5.4	7.0
Construction	550	541	5.2	5.0
Manufacturing	542	484	3.5	3.1
Durable goods	334	279	3.3	2.7
Nondurable goods	208	205	3.8	4.0
Wholesale and retail trade	897	928	4.5	4.7
Transportation and utilities	308	290	3.8	3.5
Information	98	125	3.9	4.9
Financial activities	214	213	2.1	2.0
Professional and business services	710	830	3.7	4.2
Education and health services	700	708	2.7	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	715	813	5.4	6.1
Other services	252	273	3.8	3.7
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	139	119	8.8	7.3
Government workers	445	526	1.9	2.3
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	307	382	3.0	3.8
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2024	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025	Dec. 2025
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	-	1.8	1.8
U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.1	-	2.1	2.0
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.8	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.3	4.4	-	4.5	4.4
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.1	4.7	4.4	4.4	4.6	4.7	-	4.9	4.6
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	4.7	5.4	5.1	5.0	5.3	5.4	-	5.5	5.3
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	7.4	8.4	8.2	7.6	8.1	8.1	-	8.7	8.4
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025	Dec. 2024	Dec. 2025
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	101,892	104,094	42,743	43,847	59,149	60,246
People who currently want a job	5,294	5,977	2,608	2,872	2,686	3,106
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,565	1,750	840	927	725	823
Discouraged workers(2)	491	459	282	266	209	193
Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,074	1,291	558	661	516	630
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,607	8,966	4,139	4,211	4,467	4,755
Percent of total employed	5.3	5.5	4.9	4.9	5.9	6.1
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,965	4,940	2,621	2,657	2,344	2,284
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,048	2,363	686	726	1,362	1,637
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	309	488	181	292	128	196
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,235	1,088	631	502	603	586
Footnotes (1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)	Change from: Nov.2025 - Dec.2025(p)
Total nonfarm	159,923	160,397	160,640	160,448	158,942	159,420	159,476	159,526	50
Total private	136,080	136,690	136,828	136,762	135,382	136,028	136,078	136,115	37
Goods-producing	21,628	21,783	21,693	21,548	21,673	21,606	21,624	21,603	-21
Mining and logging	623	616	612	606	624	612	610	608	-2
Logging	39.3	37.1	36.2	35.7	39.0	36.1	36.0	35.6	-0.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	583.4	578.4	575.7	570.4	585.0	576.3	573.7	572.4	-1.3
Oil and gas extraction	123.2	120.1	120.9	121.2	123.0	120.5	121.1	121.0	-0.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	189.7	192.4	191.9	188.2	191.3	190.7	191.3	190.3	-1.0
Coal mining	41.8	40.5	41.0	40.6	41.8	40.6	41.1	40.7	-0.4
Metal ore mining	44.9	44.6	45.0	45.6	45.1	44.9	45.2	45.6	0.4
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	103.0	107.3	105.9	102.0	104.4	105.2	104.9	104.0	-0.9
Support activities for mining	270.5	265.9	262.9	261.0	270.7	265.1	261.3	261.1	-0.2
Construction	8,219	8,457	8,383	8,231	8,289	8,292	8,314	8,303	-11
Construction of buildings	1,865.8	1,888.1	1,882.4	1,864.5	1,868.4	1,867.7	1,875.1	1,869.7	-5.4
Residential building construction	953.5	966.4	960.5	950.9	953.2	953.1	956.0	951.8	-4.2
Nonresidential building construction	912.3	921.7	921.9	913.6	915.2	914.6	919.1	917.9	-1.2
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,137.1	1,232.7	1,203.9	1,151.3	1,172.7	1,181.3	1,183.2	1,185.5	2.3
Specialty trade contractors	5,216.1	5,336.1	5,296.7	5,215.3	5,247.9	5,242.7	5,255.8	5,248.0	-7.8
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,388.5	2,407.0	2,378.2	2,351.2	2,406.7	2,365.1	2,365.6	2,366.7	1.1
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,827.6	2,929.1	2,918.5	2,864.1	2,841.2	2,877.6	2,890.2	2,881.3	-8.9
Manufacturing	12,786	12,710	12,698	12,711	12,760	12,702	12,700	12,692	-8
Durable goods	7,934	7,851	7,852	7,872	7,910	7,858	7,855	7,852	-3
Wood product manufacturing	414.1	406.2	403.4	402.9	414.3	407.3	405.1	404.4	-0.7
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	427.9	433.3	431.0	429.1	425.7	429.3	428.5	427.8	-0.7
Primary metal manufacturing	372.8	373.3	372.8	375.3	371.9	374.1	373.9	374.6	0.7
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,434.6	1,440.7	1,439.5	1,443.5	1,433.8	1,442.6	1,443.1	1,442.6	-0.5
Machinery manufacturing	1,114.5	1,103.3	1,105.2	1,103.8	1,113.8	1,106.6	1,106.0	1,103.2	-2.8
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,016.2	997.3	995.4	997.1	1,014.5	998.5	996.5	996.6	0.1
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	111.9	108.1	108.1	108.2	111.0	107.8	107.9	107.6	-0.3
Communications equipment manufacturing	81.9	83.8	83.5	83.7	81.6	83.9	83.4	83.5	0.1
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	382.8	364.4	364.1	364.2	382.9	365.3	365.3	365.2	-0.1
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	410.1	413.1	412.0	413.7	409.8	413.7	412.3	413.3	1.0
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	29.5	27.9	27.7	27.3	29.3	27.8	27.6	27.1	-0.5
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	407.4	407.4	409.3	409.7	407.0	407.0	409.6	409.2	-0.4
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,792.3	1,747.1	1,753.9	1,765.7	1,777.6	1,747.5	1,750.3	1,751.5	1.2
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,019.7	981.1	982.7	991.3	1,007.5	983.1	980.6	979.9	-0.7
Furniture and related product manufacturing	338.9	335.1	335.6	334.8	337.9	337.4	336.0	334.8	-1.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	615.7	607.6	606.1	609.6	613.5	607.3	605.7	607.5	1.8
Nondurable goods	4,852	4,859	4,846	4,839	4,850	4,844	4,845	4,840	-5
Food manufacturing	1,777.9	1,780.3	1,773.4	1,774.5	1,769.6	1,770.9	1,769.0	1,768.8	-0.2
Textile mills	86.1	85.2	84.4	84.5	86.1	84.9	84.4	84.5	0.1
Textile product mills	99.8	98.2	98.3	99.5	99.7	98.4	98.7	99.2	0.5
Apparel manufacturing	83.5	81.5	80.6	79.2	83.3	80.9	79.7	79.3	-0.4
Paper manufacturing	355.8	357.1	356.8	357.2	354.4	357.2	356.0	355.5	-0.5
Printing and related support activities	355.5	346.5	346.8	348.0	353.8	345.3	345.0	346.2	1.2
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	105.2	108.5	107.5	105.3	108.4	107.0	107.3	107.7	0.4
Chemical manufacturing	902.0	906.4	907.1	907.1	901.7	908.4	910.2	907.1	-3.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	720.3	713.6	713.4	710.8	719.3	714.3	716.4	711.5	-4.9
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	366.3	381.7	377.4	372.9	373.9	376.6	378.3	379.7	1.4
Private service-providing	114,452	114,907	115,135	115,214	113,709	114,422	114,454	114,512	58
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29,799	29,103	29,452	29,707	29,033	29,041	28,999	28,966	-33
Wholesale trade	6,202.4	6,173.4	6,171.1	6,183.8	6,178.7	6,164.3	6,163.1	6,161.1	-2.0
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,472.1	3,461.9	3,460.6	3,470.2	3,459.6	3,458.3	3,459.3	3,458.4	-0.9
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,233.6	2,226.8	2,225.1	2,226.2	2,225.5	2,223.5	2,221.1	2,218.7	-2.4
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	496.7	484.7	485.4	487.4	493.6	482.5	482.7	484.0	1.3
Retail trade	15,954.0	15,589.6	15,825.8	15,945.1	15,537.5	15,581.3	15,564.4	15,539.4	-25.0
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,049.4	2,062.6	2,058.1	2,055.1	2,051.3	2,057.1	2,056.8	2,057.5	0.7
Automobile dealers	1,297.0	1,303.3	1,299.2	1,298.8	1,294.0	1,298.6	1,297.1	1,296.8	-0.3
Other motor vehicle dealers	157.9	159.8	159.1	157.4	164.5	161.0	162.4	163.0	0.6
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	594.5	599.5	599.8	598.9	592.8	597.5	597.3	597.7	0.4
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,363.8	1,345.0	1,345.8	1,350.2	1,387.0	1,368.9	1,370.8	1,374.1	3.3
Food and beverage retailers	3,276.0	3,251.5	3,275.5	3,272.4	3,234.5	3,247.6	3,244.3	3,235.4	-8.9
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	841.2	793.8	822.8	837.0	801.8	790.0	793.9	796.3	2.4
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	426.0	402.9	412.3	417.5	407.3	400.1	401.3	399.1	-2.2
Electronics and appliance retailers	415.2	390.9	410.5	419.5	394.5	389.9	392.7	397.2	4.5
General merchandise retailers	3,455.5	3,315.2	3,402.5	3,443.9	3,272.6	3,303.2	3,285.9	3,268.9	-17.0
Department stores	1,124.0	1,001.6	1,067.0	1,106.3	1,020.9	1,001.3	997.8	1,000.2	2.4
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,331.5	2,313.6	2,335.5	2,337.6	2,251.7	2,301.9	2,288.1	2,268.7	-19.4
Health and personal care retailers	1,122.1	1,087.5	1,087.5	1,096.9	1,089.9	1,080.4	1,070.8	1,067.1	-3.7
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,057.2	1,069.0	1,071.7	1,072.0	1,057.6	1,069.0	1,072.2	1,071.5	-0.7
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,235.7	1,134.7	1,195.0	1,238.3	1,133.8	1,139.0	1,143.8	1,139.4	-4.4
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,553.1	1,530.3	1,566.9	1,579.3	1,509.0	1,526.1	1,525.9	1,529.2	3.3
Transportation and warehousing	7,048.5	6,741.6	6,854.5	6,975.3	6,723.2	6,696.5	6,671.3	6,664.7	-6.6
Air transportation	568.4	576.1	577.3	579.8	569.3	577.8	579.9	580.9	1.0
Rail transportation	154.6	150.9	150.3	150.3	154.9	151.1	150.3	151.0	0.7
Water transportation	67.7	71.9	69.8	70.8	69.9	71.9	72.1	73.0	0.9
Truck transportation	1,521.9	1,530.0	1,521.7	1,516.4	1,516.8	1,516.4	1,513.3	1,513.3	0.0
Transit and ground passenger transportation	500.9	510.8	513.4	516.7	485.0	492.3	496.2	499.9	3.7
Pipeline transportation	56.2	60.8	60.9	61.4	56.4	61.2	61.3	61.6	0.3
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	26.1	35.9	31.8	31.7	30.2	35.3	36.1	36.3	0.2
Support activities for transportation	855.1	848.1	850.1	846.7	843.9	846.8	843.1	837.9	-5.2
Couriers and messengers	1,407.3	1,125.9	1,234.7	1,364.5	1,152.8	1,138.0	1,120.3	1,119.3	-1.0
Warehousing and storage	1,890.3	1,831.2	1,844.5	1,837.0	1,844.0	1,805.7	1,798.7	1,791.5	-7.2
Utilities	594.3	598.1	601.0	602.4	593.1	598.9	600.3	601.1	0.8
Information	2,964	2,924	2,920	2,932	2,944	2,917	2,914	2,914	0
Motion picture and sound recording industries	415.8	395.7	401.3	402.4	406.9	391.5	396.4	394.3	-2.1
Publishing industries	924.7	919.8	913.7	918.4	917.5	918.4	913.2	912.7	-0.5
Broadcasting and content providers	332.2	336.8	334.7	334.6	331.0	335.1	334.1	334.0	-0.1
Telecommunications	622.0	601.8	597.7	613.3	620.8	601.3	599.6	610.2	10.6
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	485.5	483.1	484.0	478.3	484.4	484.0	483.9	477.7	-6.2
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	183.7	187.1	188.6	185.0	183.7	186.6	186.8	185.1	-1.7
Financial activities	9,235	9,251	9,251	9,274	9,206	9,237	9,237	9,244	7
Finance and insurance	6,743.9	6,750.7	6,755.9	6,764.8	6,724.6	6,748.0	6,744.4	6,746.0	1.6
Monetary authorities-central bank	21.2	20.6	20.5	20.3	21.2	20.7	20.5	20.4	-0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,558.7	2,551.3	2,557.7	2,562.6	2,556.3	2,558.3	2,560.1	2,560.5	0.4
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,779.7	1,777.8	1,781.5	1,787.5	1,778.6	1,783.6	1,783.4	1,786.1	2.7
Commercial banking	1,369.6	1,358.2	1,359.1	1,365.0	1,369.2	1,363.4	1,361.5	1,364.4	2.9
Nondepository credit intermediation	507.9	498.7	500.3	500.3	505.9	498.7	500.2	499.0	-1.2
Activities related to credit intermediation	271.1	274.8	275.9	274.8	271.8	275.9	276.4	275.4	-1.0
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,135.5	1,160.0	1,164.5	1,170.5	1,127.9	1,155.0	1,159.4	1,162.5	3.1
Insurance carriers and related activities	3,028.5	3,018.8	3,013.2	3,011.4	3,019.2	3,014.0	3,004.4	3,002.6	-1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,490.9	2,500.0	2,495.5	2,509.0	2,481.0	2,488.9	2,492.2	2,497.7	5.5
Real estate	1,886.9	1,887.7	1,887.7	1,898.7	1,872.4	1,877.1	1,880.1	1,882.4	2.3
Rental and leasing services	580.7	589.1	584.6	587.0	585.5	588.7	589.1	592.3	3.2
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	23.3	23.2	23.2	23.3	23.1	23.1	23.0	23.0	0.0
Professional and business services	22,707	22,748	22,692	22,605	22,614	22,513	22,526	22,517	-9
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,912.2	10,880.8	10,892.5	10,905.4	10,864.8	10,859.3	10,870.7	10,863.0	-7.7
Legal services	1,203.7	1,210.0	1,212.9	1,219.2	1,192.0	1,205.8	1,206.1	1,208.1	2.0
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,133.8	1,124.5	1,131.7	1,144.9	1,141.0	1,157.3	1,158.3	1,156.6	-1.7
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,727.3	1,762.6	1,763.8	1,762.3	1,728.7	1,756.3	1,762.3	1,764.6	2.3
Specialized design services	153.3	152.9	152.4	150.6	150.9	150.1	149.9	148.4	-1.5
Computer systems design and related services	2,453.8	2,420.1	2,417.3	2,406.9	2,446.1	2,406.5	2,403.2	2,399.3	-3.9
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,908.9	1,900.4	1,903.3	1,911.6	1,885.2	1,884.5	1,886.3	1,887.1	0.8
Scientific research and development services	939.8	918.6	918.6	920.8	940.8	918.5	920.1	921.2	1.1
Advertising, public relations, and related services	500.5	496.5	497.7	497.6	496.7	494.0	496.6	493.8	-2.8
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	891.1	895.2	894.8	891.5	883.4	886.3	887.9	884.0	-3.9
Management of companies and enterprises	2,631.3	2,626.5	2,631.2	2,640.8	2,621.7	2,630.0	2,632.2	2,633.0	0.8
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,163.9	9,240.3	9,168.3	9,058.4	9,127.8	9,023.7	9,022.8	9,021.3	-1.5
Administrative and support services	8,646.0	8,718.1	8,647.3	8,540.3	8,609.1	8,503.8	8,503.4	8,501.6	-1.8
Office administrative services	626.9	620.8	622.0	626.6	626.2	620.2	621.5	624.3	2.8
Facilities support services	184.7	189.7	185.3	184.0	186.2	187.0	185.9	185.1	-0.8
Employment services(1)	3,380.1	3,304.9	3,278.3	3,258.5	3,268.8	3,168.5	3,161.7	3,150.8	-10.9
Temporary help services	2,643.0	2,583.1	2,556.2	2,537.3	2,551.8	2,463.7	2,458.3	2,452.6	-5.7
Business support services	686.4	646.8	650.0	656.1	669.7	642.2	639.5	639.8	0.3
Travel arrangement and reservation services	190.3	197.8	196.7	195.5	191.1	195.9	196.2	196.7	0.5
Investigation and security services	1,034.5	1,046.8	1,045.6	1,041.1	1,030.4	1,037.7	1,036.9	1,036.8	-0.1
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,218.8	2,369.5	2,327.9	2,242.3	2,310.8	2,314.6	2,321.2	2,329.0	7.8
Other support services	324.3	341.8	341.5	336.2	325.9	337.7	340.6	339.1	-1.5
Waste management and remediation services	517.9	522.2	521.0	518.1	518.7	519.9	519.4	519.7	0.3
Private education and health services	27,093	27,738	27,860	27,793	26,931	27,540	27,599	27,640	41
Private educational services	4,055.8	4,117.4	4,142.2	4,047.5	3,992.1	3,985.3	3,985.9	3,988.0	2.1
Health care and social assistance	23,037.6	23,620.2	23,717.8	23,745.6	22,939.1	23,555.1	23,613.2	23,651.7	38.5
Health care(3)	18,034.7	18,341.9	18,424.0	18,439.8	17,949.6	18,289.4	18,333.1	18,354.2	21.1
Ambulatory health care services	8,990.3	9,102.0	9,150.1	9,150.2	8,933.9	9,060.7	9,086.7	9,091.3	4.6
Offices of physicians	3,041.8	3,095.4	3,105.3	3,115.2	3,014.8	3,080.6	3,086.3	3,089.6	3.3
Offices of dentists	1,053.2	1,061.8	1,070.0	1,067.8	1,047.8	1,058.2	1,063.7	1,061.8	-1.9
Offices of other health practitioners	1,272.0	1,294.3	1,300.5	1,297.9	1,262.8	1,285.7	1,289.4	1,290.4	1.0
Outpatient care centers	1,123.2	1,128.5	1,134.8	1,134.5	1,117.9	1,125.9	1,128.3	1,129.4	1.1
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	306.0	314.1	315.4	314.7	305.5	313.4	314.2	313.7	-0.5
Home health care services	1,835.6	1,841.7	1,855.5	1,851.7	1,826.4	1,831.7	1,838.0	1,837.9	-0.1
Other ambulatory health care services	358.5	366.2	368.6	368.4	358.6	365.4	366.9	368.6	1.7
Hospitals	5,654.9	5,788.0	5,808.5	5,816.9	5,640.7	5,777.9	5,787.9	5,804.2	16.3
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,389.5	3,451.9	3,465.4	3,472.7	3,375.0	3,450.8	3,458.5	3,458.7	0.2
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,522.5	1,561.7	1,568.7	1,565.9	1,515.4	1,557.8	1,563.9	1,560.0	-3.9
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	689.3	704.2	709.0	712.1	686.7	705.0	707.4	709.4	2.0
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	1,007.6	1,011.6	1,013.7	1,019.8	1,003.4	1,013.6	1,013.1	1,014.7	1.6
Other residential care facilities	170.1	174.4	174.0	174.9	169.5	174.4	174.0	174.6	0.6
Social assistance	5,002.9	5,278.3	5,293.8	5,305.8	4,989.5	5,265.7	5,280.1	5,297.5	17.4
Individual and family services	3,374.8	3,646.2	3,655.4	3,660.3	3,370.7	3,637.9	3,646.9	3,659.9	13.0
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	238.2	240.0	242.1	243.0	235.5	240.6	241.4	241.3	-0.1
Vocational rehabilitation services	286.1	280.4	283.3	285.2	286.5	281.4	283.7	284.8	1.1
Child care services	1,103.8	1,111.7	1,113.0	1,117.3	1,096.8	1,105.8	1,108.1	1,111.5	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	16,672	17,093	16,911	16,861	16,979	17,123	17,120	17,167	47
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,510.9	2,675.3	2,569.1	2,549.3	2,665.5	2,702.9	2,690.5	2,707.9	17.4
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	599.3	653.1	640.7	631.9	616.2	641.1	645.5	648.5	3.0
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	177.7	185.2	183.1	181.9	182.4	184.7	185.5	185.8	0.3
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,733.9	1,837.0	1,745.3	1,735.5	1,866.9	1,877.1	1,859.5	1,873.6	14.1
Accommodation and food services	14,161.1	14,417.5	14,342.1	14,311.4	14,313.5	14,420.4	14,429.3	14,459.5	30.2
Accommodation	1,889.5	1,924.1	1,889.3	1,889.1	1,948.5	1,939.9	1,942.0	1,945.0	3.0
Food services and drinking places	12,271.6	12,493.4	12,452.8	12,422.3	12,365.0	12,480.5	12,487.3	12,514.5	27.2
Other services	5,982	6,050	6,049	6,042	6,002	6,051	6,059	6,064	5
Repair and maintenance	1,465.5	1,488.7	1,485.1	1,477.3	1,470.9	1,483.0	1,484.6	1,484.8	0.2
Personal and laundry services	1,611.1	1,634.4	1,631.5	1,635.7	1,610.9	1,629.9	1,632.7	1,634.6	1.9
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,905.6	2,927.2	2,932.4	2,928.9	2,920.6	2,938.1	2,941.4	2,944.6	3.2
Government	23,843	23,707	23,812	23,686	23,560	23,392	23,398	23,411	13
Federal	3,020	2,746	2,743	2,747	3,012	2,733	2,736	2,738	2
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,414.2	2,157.9	2,148.6	2,144.8	2,412.6	2,140.9	2,143.1	2,144.5	1.4
U.S. Postal Service	606.0	588.5	594.5	601.7	598.9	592.3	592.9	593.4	0.5
State government	5,608	5,629	5,646	5,563	5,512	5,473	5,474	5,467	-7
State government education	2,735.8	2,738.7	2,757.9	2,682.8	2,629.7	2,584.1	2,581.5	2,577.2	-4.3
State government, excluding education	2,872.5	2,890.6	2,888.5	2,880.3	2,882.1	2,889.2	2,892.8	2,890.1	-2.7
Local government	15,215	15,332	15,423	15,376	15,036	15,186	15,188	15,206	18
Local government education	8,448.8	8,459.2	8,546.5	8,518.6	8,185.8	8,257.0	8,258.2	8,260.9	2.7
Local government, excluding education	6,766.1	6,872.8	6,876.9	6,857.1	6,850.0	6,929.0	6,929.5	6,945.1	15.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.2	34.2	34.3	34.2
Goods-producing	39.7	39.7	39.9	39.7
Mining and logging	44.3	45.1	45.1	45.0
Construction	38.8	38.8	39.2	38.9
Manufacturing	40.1	40.0	40.1	39.9
Durable goods	40.6	40.5	40.6	40.4
Nondurable goods	39.4	39.2	39.3	39.1
Private service-providing	33.2	33.2	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	34.1	34.0	34.0
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.2	39.2	39.1
Retail trade	29.9	29.9	29.8	29.6
Transportation and warehousing	38.2	38.3	38.3	38.7
Utilities	42.2	42.0	42.1	42.7
Information	36.9	37.1	37.3	37.1
Financial activities	37.7	37.5	37.4	37.3
Professional and business services	36.3	36.6	36.6	36.5
Private education and health services	32.9	32.7	32.8	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	25.5	25.6	25.6	25.6
Other services	32.0	32.0	32.1	32.0
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9
Durable goods	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9
Nondurable goods	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)
Total private	$35.68	$36.81	$36.90	$37.02	$1,220.26	$1,258.90	$1,265.67	$1,266.08
Goods-producing	36.36	37.60	37.69	37.85	1,443.49	1,492.72	1,503.83	1,502.65
Mining and logging	39.95	40.70	40.54	40.87	1,769.79	1,835.57	1,828.35	1,839.15
Construction	38.94	40.12	40.23	40.37	1,510.87	1,556.66	1,577.02	1,570.39
Manufacturing	34.54	35.83	35.91	36.07	1,385.05	1,433.20	1,439.99	1,439.19
Durable goods	36.57	38.00	38.09	38.29	1,484.74	1,539.00	1,546.45	1,546.92
Nondurable goods	31.11	32.19	32.26	32.36	1,225.73	1,261.85	1,267.82	1,265.28
Private service-providing	35.52	36.63	36.72	36.83	1,179.26	1,216.12	1,219.10	1,222.76
Trade, transportation, and utilities	30.34	31.34	31.49	31.60	1,031.56	1,068.69	1,070.66	1,074.40
Wholesale trade	37.91	39.21	39.29	39.34	1,482.28	1,537.03	1,540.17	1,538.19
Retail trade	24.86	25.76	25.93	26.05	743.31	770.22	772.71	771.08
Transportation and warehousing	30.99	31.89	31.98	32.02	1,183.82	1,221.39	1,224.83	1,239.17
Utilities	52.20	53.51	53.82	54.02	2,202.84	2,247.42	2,265.82	2,306.65
Information	51.04	53.42	53.28	53.61	1,883.38	1,981.88	1,987.34	1,988.93
Financial activities	46.37	48.18	48.27	48.53	1,748.15	1,806.75	1,805.30	1,810.17
Professional and business services	43.33	44.87	44.97	45.07	1,572.88	1,642.24	1,645.90	1,645.06
Private education and health services	35.01	35.81	35.82	35.91	1,151.83	1,170.99	1,174.90	1,174.26
Leisure and hospitality	22.40	23.07	23.18	23.28	571.20	590.59	593.41	595.97
Other services	32.37	33.10	33.23	33.36	1,035.84	1,059.20	1,066.68	1,067.52
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2025 - Dec. 2025(p)	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2025 - Dec. 2025(p)
Total private	116.2	116.8	117.2	116.9	-0.3	198.3	205.5	206.7	206.8	0.0
Goods-producing	98.1	97.8	98.3	97.7	-0.6	161.2	166.1	167.5	167.2	-0.2
Mining and logging	86.9	86.7	86.4	86.0	-0.5	139.3	141.7	140.7	141.1	0.3
Construction	110.9	110.9	112.3	111.3	-0.9	187.6	193.3	196.4	195.3	-0.6
Manufacturing	92.1	91.4	91.7	91.1	-0.7	148.0	152.4	153.1	152.9	-0.1
Durable goods	90.4	89.6	89.8	89.3	-0.6	146.9	151.3	152.0	152.0	0.0
Nondurable goods	95.4	94.8	95.0	94.5	-0.5	150.6	154.8	155.6	155.1	-0.3
Private service-providing	121.5	122.3	122.3	122.4	0.1	209.8	217.7	218.3	219.1	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	107.9	108.2	107.7	107.6	-0.1	176.5	182.9	182.9	183.4	0.3
Wholesale trade	106.6	106.6	106.6	106.3	-0.3	169.0	174.8	175.1	174.9	-0.1
Retail trade	94.6	94.8	94.4	93.6	-0.8	155.4	161.5	161.9	161.3	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing	147.6	147.4	146.8	148.2	1.0	232.7	239.1	238.9	241.4	1.0
Utilities	108.3	108.9	109.4	111.1	1.6	186.8	192.5	194.5	198.3	2.0
Information	99.2	98.9	99.3	98.8	-0.5	180.3	188.0	188.3	188.5	0.1
Financial activities	113.7	113.5	113.2	113.0	-0.2	205.6	213.2	213.1	213.8	0.3
Professional and business services	128.4	128.9	128.9	128.5	-0.3	225.3	234.2	234.8	234.6	-0.1
Private education and health services	144.7	147.1	147.9	147.6	-0.2	243.7	253.4	254.8	255.0	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	123.5	125.1	125.1	125.4	0.2	223.3	232.8	233.9	235.5	0.7
Other services	110.7	111.6	112.1	111.9	-0.2	196.5	202.5	204.2	204.6	0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)
Total nonfarm	79,230	79,605	79,625	79,653	49.8	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private	65,465	65,880	65,886	65,917	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,950	4,915	4,914	4,906	22.8	22.7	22.7	22.7
Mining and logging	85	85	85	84	13.6	13.9	13.9	13.8
Construction	1,182	1,195	1,196	1,194	14.3	14.4	14.4	14.4
Manufacturing	3,683	3,635	3,633	3,628	28.9	28.6	28.6	28.6
Durable goods	1,933	1,903	1,900	1,894	24.4	24.2	24.2	24.1
Nondurable goods	1,750	1,732	1,733	1,734	36.1	35.8	35.8	35.8
Private service-providing	60,515	60,965	60,972	61,011	53.2	53.3	53.3	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,253	11,233	11,202	11,183	38.8	38.7	38.6	38.6
Wholesale trade	1,885.2	1,871.7	1,868.4	1,870.4	30.5	30.4	30.3	30.4
Retail trade	7,444.8	7,463.7	7,454.3	7,441.5	47.9	47.9	47.9	47.9
Transportation and warehousing	1,768.7	1,742.4	1,724.7	1,716.6	26.3	26.0	25.9	25.8
Utilities	154.3	154.8	155.0	154.0	26.0	25.8	25.8	25.6
Information	1,169	1,177	1,171	1,176	39.7	40.3	40.2	40.4
Financial activities	5,089	5,055	5,052	5,056	55.3	54.7	54.7	54.7
Professional and business services	10,293	10,174	10,174	10,158	45.5	45.2	45.2	45.1
Private education and health services	20,637	21,095	21,135	21,190	76.6	76.6	76.6	76.7
Leisure and hospitality	8,844	8,964	8,964	8,968	52.1	52.4	52.4	52.2
Other services	3,230	3,267	3,274	3,280	53.8	54.0	54.0	54.1
Government	13,765	13,725	13,739	13,736	58.4	58.7	58.7	58.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)
Total private	110,284	110,878	110,972	111,021
Goods-producing	15,379	15,347	15,357	15,352
Mining and logging	468	455	455	451
Construction	6,011	6,028	6,038	6,040
Manufacturing	8,900	8,864	8,864	8,861
Durable goods	5,370	5,335	5,335	5,340
Nondurable goods	3,530	3,529	3,529	3,521
Private service-providing	94,905	95,531	95,615	95,669
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,613	24,631	24,634	24,610
Wholesale trade	4,887.9	4,873.3	4,874.8	4,872.9
Retail trade	13,340.3	13,415.6	13,418.8	13,394.3
Transportation and warehousing	5,913.8	5,867.2	5,864.4	5,866.3
Utilities	470.5	474.8	475.8	476.7
Information	2,374	2,322	2,321	2,319
Financial activities	6,955	7,005	7,003	7,013
Professional and business services	17,768	17,668	17,675	17,684
Private education and health services	23,555	24,146	24,195	24,239
Leisure and hospitality	14,769	14,863	14,879	14,891
Other services	4,871	4,896	4,908	4,913
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.7	33.7	33.7
Goods-producing	40.5	40.7	40.9	40.8
Mining and logging	45.9	45.3	45.5	45.1
Construction	39.6	39.6	40.0	39.8
Manufacturing	40.9	41.2	41.3	41.2
Durable goods	41.1	41.4	41.5	41.3
Nondurable goods	40.5	40.8	41.0	41.1
Private service-providing	32.6	32.6	32.6	32.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.2	34.2	34.2	34.2
Wholesale trade	39.0	39.3	39.2	39.0
Retail trade	30.5	30.4	30.4	30.1
Transportation and warehousing	37.8	38.1	38.2	38.8
Utilities	42.6	42.7	42.8	42.7
Information	35.8	36.0	35.7	36.0
Financial activities	37.2	37.4	37.4	37.4
Professional and business services	36.3	36.6	36.6	36.5
Private education and health services	32.0	31.7	31.7	31.7
Leisure and hospitality	24.0	24.2	24.2	24.2
Other services	31.1	31.3	31.3	31.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.7
Durable goods	3.5	3.8	3.9	3.7
Nondurable goods	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.8
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)
Total private	$30.67	$31.62	$31.73	$31.76	$1,033.58	$1,065.59	$1,069.30	$1,070.31
Goods-producing	31.72	32.81	32.98	33.07	1,284.66	1,335.37	1,348.88	1,349.26
Mining and logging	36.87	37.64	37.67	37.69	1,692.33	1,705.09	1,713.99	1,699.82
Construction	36.43	37.69	37.88	38.08	1,442.63	1,492.52	1,515.20	1,515.58
Manufacturing	28.33	29.34	29.49	29.51	1,158.70	1,208.81	1,217.94	1,215.81
Durable goods	29.83	31.16	31.40	31.46	1,226.01	1,290.02	1,303.10	1,299.30
Nondurable goods	26.03	26.56	26.58	26.54	1,054.22	1,083.65	1,089.78	1,090.79
Private service-providing	30.46	31.39	31.47	31.50	993.00	1,023.31	1,025.92	1,026.90
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26.29	27.17	27.31	27.37	899.12	929.21	934.00	936.05
Wholesale trade	31.54	32.68	32.70	32.70	1,230.06	1,284.32	1,281.84	1,275.30
Retail trade	21.15	21.85	21.92	21.99	645.08	664.24	666.37	661.90
Transportation and warehousing	29.42	30.37	30.74	30.66	1,112.08	1,157.10	1,174.27	1,189.61
Utilities	45.97	46.78	46.90	47.27	1,958.32	1,997.51	2,007.32	2,018.43
Information	41.64	43.72	43.84	43.91	1,490.71	1,573.92	1,565.09	1,580.76
Financial activities	36.38	37.89	38.14	38.22	1,353.34	1,417.09	1,426.44	1,429.43
Professional and business services	36.48	37.52	37.61	37.59	1,324.22	1,373.23	1,376.53	1,372.04
Private education and health services	32.12	32.94	32.92	32.85	1,027.84	1,044.20	1,043.56	1,041.35
Leisure and hospitality	19.86	20.49	20.58	20.76	476.64	495.86	498.04	502.39
Other services	28.19	28.69	28.77	28.82	876.71	898.00	900.50	902.07
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2025 - Dec. 2025(p)	Dec. 2024	Oct. 2025	Nov. 2025(p)	Dec. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2025 - Dec. 2025(p)
Total private	123.8	124.5	124.6	124.7	0.1	253.9	263.1	264.3	264.6	0.1
Goods-producing	95.2	95.5	96.0	95.7	-0.3	184.9	191.8	193.8	193.8	0.0
Mining and logging	114.2	109.5	110.0	108.1	-1.7	244.8	239.8	241.0	236.9	-1.7
Construction	119.2	119.5	120.9	120.4	-0.4	234.5	243.2	247.4	247.5	0.0
Manufacturing	83.6	83.8	84.0	83.8	-0.2	154.8	160.9	162.1	161.7	-0.2
Durable goods	82.9	83.0	83.2	82.9	-0.4	154.4	161.4	163.1	162.7	-0.2
Nondurable goods	84.2	84.8	85.2	85.3	0.1	154.9	159.2	160.1	159.9	-0.1
Private service-providing	131.8	132.7	132.8	132.9	0.1	275.4	285.7	286.7	287.1	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	117.8	117.9	117.9	117.8	-0.1	221.4	229.0	230.2	230.5	0.1
Wholesale trade	113.1	113.7	113.4	112.8	-0.5	210.6	219.2	218.9	217.7	-0.5
Retail trade	103.2	103.4	103.4	102.2	-1.2	187.1	193.7	194.4	192.7	-0.9
Transportation and warehousing	169.2	169.2	169.5	172.3	1.7	316.8	327.0	331.7	336.2	1.4
Utilities	102.5	103.7	104.1	104.1	0.0	196.6	202.4	203.8	205.3	0.7
Information	97.0	95.4	94.6	95.3	0.7	200.0	206.5	205.3	207.1	0.9
Financial activities	121.8	123.3	123.3	123.4	0.1	272.5	287.4	289.2	290.3	0.4
Professional and business services	144.0	144.4	144.4	144.1	-0.2	312.4	322.1	323.0	322.2	-0.2
Private education and health services	160.7	163.2	163.5	163.8	0.2	340.7	354.8	355.3	355.2	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	129.8	131.8	131.9	132.0	0.1	292.8	306.6	308.3	311.2	0.9
Other services	106.2	107.5	107.7	107.8	0.1	218.2	224.7	225.8	226.5	0.3
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.