Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until		USDL-21-0158
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, February 5, 2021

Technical information: 
 Household data:	cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:		(202) 691-5902   *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
			THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JANUARY 2021


The unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 6.3 percent in January, while 
nonfarm payroll employment changed little (+49,000), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. The labor market continued to reflect the impact of the coronavirus 
(COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. In January, notable job gains in 
professional and business services and in both public and private education were offset 
by losses in leisure and hospitality, in retail trade, in health care, and in 
transportation and warehousing.


 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|			Changes to The Employment Situation Data			|
|											|
| Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking 	|
| process and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. Also, household survey data  |
| for January 2021 reflect updated population estimates. See the notes at the end of 	|
| this news release for more information about these changes.				|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|


This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey 
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The
establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For
more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two 
surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In January, the unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 6.3 percent, and the 
number of unemployed persons decreased to 10.1 million. Although both measures are much
lower than their April 2020 highs, they remain well above their pre-pandemic levels in 
February 2020 (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, respectively). (See table A-1. See the note
at the end of the news release and tables B and C for information about annual 
population adjustments to the household survey estimates. See the box note at the end 
of this news release for more information about how the household survey and its 
measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined over the month for adult
men (6.0 percent), adult women (6.0 percent), Whites (5.7 percent), and Hispanics (8.6
percent). The jobless rates changed little for teenagers (14.8 percent), Blacks (9.2 
percent), and Asians (6.6 percent). (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased in January 
to 2.7 million. This measure is down considerably from the recent high of 18.0 million
in April but is 2.0 million higher than its February level. The number of permanent 
job losers, at 3.5 million, changed little in January but is 2.2 million higher than 
in February. The number of reentrants to the labor force decreased in January to 2.0 
million. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in the labor force
prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.)

In January, the number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks decreased to 2.3 million.
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 4.0 
million, was about unchanged in January and accounted for 39.5 percent of the total 
unemployed. (See table A-12.)

After accounting for the annual adjustments to the population controls, both the 
civilian labor force and the number of employed persons changed little in January. At
61.4 percent, the labor force participation rate was about unchanged over the month 
but is 1.9 percentage points lower than its February level. The employment-population
ratio, at 57.5 percent in January, changed little over the month but is 3.6 percentage
points lower than in February. (See table A-1. For additional information about the
effects of the population adjustments, see table C.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 6.0 million, 
changed little in January. This measure is 1.6 million higher than the February level.
These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs.
(See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 7.0 million,
edged down in January but is 1.9 million higher than in February. These individuals 
were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during
the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.9 million,
decreased in January. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had 
looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4
weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was little 
changed over the month at 624,000. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In January, the share of employed persons who teleworked because of the coronavirus 
pandemic edged down to 23.2 percent. These data refer to employed persons who 
teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically 
because of the pandemic.

In January, 14.8 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because 
their employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not 
work at all or worked fewer hours at some point in the last 4 weeks due to the 
pandemic. This measure is 1.1 million lower than in December. Among those who 
reported in January that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related 
closures or lost business, 12.7 percent received at least some pay from their 
employer for the hours not worked, little changed from the previous month.

Among those not in the labor force in January, 4.7 million persons were prevented 
from looking for work due to the pandemic; this measure is little changed from 
December. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either 
actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning 
in May 2020 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data 
are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions 
for all months are available online at 
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in January (+49,000) but is below its
February 2020 level by 9.9 million, or 6.5 percent. In January, notable job gains in 
professional and business services and in both public and private education were 
offset by losses in leisure and hospitality, in retail trade, in health care, and in 
transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1. See the note at the end of this news 
release and table A for information about the annual benchmark process. See the box 
note at the end of this news release for more information about how the establishment
survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)

In January, employment in professional and business services rose by 97,000, with 
temporary help services accounting for most of the gain (+81,000). Job growth also 
occurred in management and technical consulting services (+16,000), computer systems
design and related services (+11,000), and scientific research and development 
services (+10,000). These gains were partially offset by job losses in services to 
buildings and dwellings (-14,000) and in advertising and related services (-6,000). 
Since February, employment in professional and business services is down by 825,000.

In January, employment increased in local government education (+49,000), state 
government education (+36,000), and private education (+34,000). In both public and 
private education, pandemic-related employment declines in 2020 distorted the normal
seasonal buildup and layoff patterns. This likely contributed to the job gains in 
January (after seasonal adjustment). 

Wholesale trade continued to add jobs in January (+14,000). However, employment in
the industry is 263,000 below its February level.

In January, employment in mining increased by 9,000, with a gain of 8,000 in support
activities for mining. Mining employment is down by 133,000 since a recent peak in 
January 2019, though employment in the industry showed little change for several 
months prior to the uptick in January. 

In January, employment in leisure and hospitality declined by 61,000, following a 
steep decline in December (-536,000). In January, employment edged down in 
amusements, gambling, and recreation (-27,000) and in accommodation (-18,000). 
Employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend down (-19,000). 
Employment in leisure and hospitality fell by 8.2 million during March and April, 
increased by 4.9 million from May to November, and then declined by 597,000 over 
the past 2 months. Since February, employment in leisure and hospitality is down 
by 3.9 million, or 22.9 percent. 

Retail trade lost 38,000 jobs in January, after adding 135,000 jobs in December. Over 
the month, employment declined in general merchandise stores (-38,000), electronics 
and appliance stores (-29,000), and nonstore retailers (-15,000). These job losses
were partially offset by gains in food and beverage stores (+15,000), clothing and 
clothing accessories stores (+15,000), and health and personal care stores (+14,000).
Employment in retail trade is 383,000 lower than in February.

Employment in health care declined by 30,000 in January. Within the industry, job 
losses occurred in nursing care facilities (-19,000), home health care services 
(-13,000), and community care facilities for the elderly (-7,000). Since February, 
health care employment is down by 542,000.

Employment in transportation and warehousing declined by 28,000 in January and is 
164,000 lower than in February. In January, job losses occurred in warehousing and 
storage (-17,000) and in couriers and messengers (-14,000); however, employment in 
these industries is higher than in February by 97,000 and 137,000, respectively. 
Employment in air transportation increased by 15,000 over the month but is 105,000 
lower than in February.

Employment in manufacturing changed little over the month (-10,000), following 8 
months of growth. Within the industry, durable goods lost 17,000 jobs in January. 
Employment in manufacturing is up by 803,000 since April but is 582,000 lower than
in February.

Construction employment changed little over the month (-3,000), after increasing 
for 8 consecutive months. However, employment in the industry is down by 256,000 
since February.

In January, employment changed little in other major industries, including 
information, financial activities, and other services. 

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls 
increased by 6 cents to $29.96. Average hourly earnings of private-sector 
production and nonsupervisory employees, at $25.18, changed little (+3 cents). The
large employment fluctuations over the past several months--especially in 
industries with lower-paid workers--complicate the analysis of recent trends in 
average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 
0.3 hour to 35.0 hours in January. In manufacturing, the workweek also increased 
by 0.3 hour to 40.4 hours, and overtime was unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average 
workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls 
increased by 0.2 hour to 34.4 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised down by 
72,000, from +336,000 to +264,000, and the change for December was revised down 
by 87,000, from -140,000 to -227,000. With these revisions, employment in November
and December combined was 159,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly 
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government
agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal
factors. The annual benchmark process also contributed to the November and 
December revisions.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday, 
March 5, 2021, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|		     Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on January 2021     			|
|			Household and Establishment Survey Data				|
|											|
| Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment 	|
| survey, more data continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the 	|
| pandemic. In the household survey, for the safety of both interviewers and 		|
| respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone interviews could |
| not be done. 										|
|											|
| Since March 2020, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify 	|
| employed persons absent from work due to temporary, pandemic-related business 	|
| closures or cutbacks as unemployed on temporary layoff. As in earlier months, some 	|
| workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as unemployed on 	|
| temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at work. However, the |
| share of responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early months 	|
| of the pandemic and has been considerably lower in recent months.			|
|											|
| For March through December, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment rate 	|
| might have been had misclassified workers been included among the unemployed. 	|
| Repeating this same approach, the seasonally adjusted January unemployment rate would |
| have been 0.6 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents the 	|
| upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of  |
| the misclassification error. According to usual practice, the data from the household |
| survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain data integrity, no ad hoc actions are 	|
| taken to reclassify survey responses.							|
|											|
| More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at  |
| www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-january-2021.htm.		|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|


			Revisions to Establishment Survey Data


In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have 
been benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2020. These 
counts are derived principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW),
which counts jobs covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. The benchmark 
process results in revisions to not seasonally adjusted data from April 2019 forward. 
Seasonally adjusted data from January 2016 forward are subject to revision. In addition,
data for some series prior to 2016, both seasonally adjusted and unadjusted, incorporate
other revisions. 

The total nonfarm employment level for March 2020 was revised downward by 250,000 (on a
not seasonally adjusted basis, -121,000 or -0.1 percent). Not seasonally adjusted, the 
absolute average benchmark revision over the past 10 years is 0.2 percent. 

The over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for March 2020 was revised from 
+808,000 to +577,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total nonfarm 
employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2020.

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at 
www.bls.gov/ces/data/home.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark 
and post-benchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at 
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 


Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2020, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                                   |                                
                 |                Level              |      Over-the-month change     
                 |---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Year and month  |           |    As     |           |           |    As    |           
                 |    As     |previously | Difference|    As     |previously| Difference
                 |  revised  |published  |           |  revised  |published |           
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
       2020      |           |           |           |           |          |           
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
January......... |  152,234  |  152,212  |      22   |    315    |    214   |   101
February........ |  152,523  |  152,463  |      60   |    289    |    251   |    38
March........... |  150,840  |  151,090  |    -250   | -1,683    | -1,373   |  -310
April........... |  130,161  |  130,303  |    -142   |-20,679    |-20,787   |   108
May............. |  132,994  |  133,028  |     -34   |  2,833    |  2,725   |   108
June............ |  137,840  |  137,809  |      31   |  4,846    |  4,781   |    65
July............ |  139,566  |  139,570  |      -4   |  1,726    |  1,761   |   -35
August.......... |  141,149  |  141,063  |      86   |  1,583    |  1,493   |    90
September....... |  141,865  |  141,774  |      91   |    716    |    711   |     5
October......... |  142,545  |  142,428  |     117   |    680    |    654   |    26
November........ |  142,809  |  142,764  |      45   |    264    |    336   |   -72
December(p)..... |  142,582  |  142,624  |     -42   |   -227    |   -140   |   -87 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


	     Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey


Effective with data for January 2021, updated population estimates were incorporated
into the household survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed
by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to 
reflect new information and assumptions about the growth of the population since the 
previous decennial census. The change in population reflected in the new estimates 
results from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital statistics, 
and estimation methodology improvements. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey 
estimates for December 2020 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population 
adjustments, however, differences in selected December 2020 labor force series based 
on the old and new population estimates are shown in table B.

The adjustments decreased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional 
population in December by 476,000, the civilian labor force by 200,000, employment by
180,000, and unemployment by 20,000. The number of persons not in the labor force was
decreased by 277,000. The total unemployment rate, employment-population ratio, and 
labor force participation rate were unaffected.

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the 
comparability of household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the 
introduction of new population estimates on the comparison of selected labor force 
measures between December 2020 and January 2021. Additional information on the 
population adjustments and their effect on national labor force estimates is 
available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf. 

Population controls for veterans, which are derived from a Department of Veterans 
Affairs population model and are updated periodically, have also been updated with
the release of data for January 2021. Historical data have not been revised. 



    
Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2020 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted 
(Numbers in thousands)
    

        

            
Category
            
Total
            
Men
            
Women
            
White
            
Black or 
 African 
 Ameri- 
 can
            
Asian
            
Hispanic or 
 Latino 
 ethnicity
        
    
    

        

            
Civilian noninstitutional population
            
-476
            
-223
            
-252
            
-203
            
-45
            
-226
            
-187

        
        

            
  Civilian labor force
            
-200
            
-100
            
-99
            
-46
            
-15
            
-135
            
-110

        
        

			
      Participation rate
            
0
            
0
            
0
            
0
            
0.1
            
0
            
0

        
        

            
    Employed
            
-180
            
-91
            
-89
            
-37
            
-14
            
-126
            
-99

        
        

        	
      Employment-population ratio
            
0
            
0
            
0
            
0.1
            
0
            
0
            
0.1

        
        

        	
    Unemployed
        	
-20
        	
-9
        	
-10
        	
-8
        	
-1
        	
-9
        	
-12

        
        

        	
      Unemployment rate
            
0
            
0
            
-0.1
            
0
            
0
            
0
            
0

        
        

            
  Not in labor force
            
-277
            
-123
            
-154
            
-157
            
-30
            
-91
            
-77

        
    
    

		

			

				

					NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

				
			
		
    




    
Table C. December 2020-January 2021 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for population control effects 
(Numbers in thousands)
    

        

            
Category
            
Dec.-Jan. 
 change, as 
 published
            
2021 
 population 
 control effect
            
Dec.-Jan. change, after 
 removing the 
 population control 
 effect(1)
        
    
    

        

            
Civilian noninstitutional population
            
-379
            
-476
            
97

        
        

            
  Civilian labor force
            
-406
            
-200
            
-206

        
        

			
      Participation rate
            
-0.1
            
0
            
-0.1

        
        

            
    Employed
            
201
            
-180
            
381

        
        

        	
      Employment-population ratio
            
0.1
            
0
            
0.1

        
        

        	
    Unemployed
        	
-606
        	
-20
        	
-586

        
        

        	
      Unemployment rate
            
-0.4
            
0
            
-0.4

        
        

            
  Not in labor force
            
27
            
-277
            
304

        
    
    

		

			

				

						(1) This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

				
			
		
		

			

				

					NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

				
			
		
    

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Change from: Dec. 2020- Jan. 2021
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	259,502	261,085	261,230	260,851	-
Civilian labor force	164,455	160,536	160,567	160,161	-
Participation rate	63.4	61.5	61.5	61.4	-
Employed	158,659	149,809	149,830	150,031	-
Employment-population ratio	61.1	57.4	57.4	57.5	-
Unemployed	5,796	10,728	10,736	10,130	-
Unemployment rate	3.5	6.7	6.7	6.3	-
Not in labor force	95,047	100,548	100,663	100,690	-
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.5	6.7	6.7	6.3	-
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.1	6.6	6.4	6.0	-
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.2	6.2	6.3	6.0	-
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.6	13.9	16.0	14.8	-
White	3.0	5.9	6.0	5.7	-
Black or African American	6.1	10.3	9.9	9.2	-
Asian	3.1	6.7	5.9	6.6	-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.3	8.4	9.3	8.6	-
Total, 25 years and over	2.9	6.0	5.8	5.7	-
Less than a high school diploma	5.7	9.2	9.8	9.1	-
High school graduates, no college	3.7	7.8	7.8	7.1	-
Some college or associate degree	2.7	6.3	6.3	6.2	-
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.0	4.2	3.8	4.0	-
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,575	7,468	7,210	6,997	-
Job leavers	828	698	743	653	-
Reentrants	1,831	1,968	2,250	1,963	-
New entrants	560	551	509	542	-
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,071	2,455	2,904	2,278	-
5 to 14 weeks	1,752	2,404	2,222	2,528	-
15 to 26 weeks	881	1,875	1,572	1,346	-
27 weeks and over	1,163	3,929	3,956	4,023	-
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,269	6,641	6,170	5,954	-
Slack work or business conditions	2,627	5,223	4,891	4,756	-
Could only find part-time work	1,336	1,167	1,045	986	-
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,027	18,580	18,237	18,519	-
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,323	2,083	2,186	1,917	-
Discouraged workers	335	657	663	624	-
- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	315	264	-227	49
Total private	255	359	-204	6
Goods-producing	36	68	76	-4
Mining and logging	-5	3	3	9
Construction	58	24	42	-3
Manufacturing	-17	41	31	-10
Durable goods(1)	-14	30	18	-17
Motor vehicles and parts	-9.9	17.7	3.6	-5.3
Nondurable goods	-3	11	13	7
Private service-providing	219	291	-280	10
Wholesale trade	2.0	14.8	15.5	14.3
Retail trade	-13.9	-2.1	134.9	-37.8
Transportation and warehousing	37.1	123.6	-24.1	-27.8
Utilities	-1.0	-0.6	-1.0	0.6
Information	13	0	6	16
Financial activities	17	10	18	8
Professional and business services(1)	27	95	156	97
Temporary help services	-2.7	39.0	64.3	80.9
Education and health services(1)	80	43	-31	-7
Health care and social assistance	51.8	48.4	39.1	-40.8
Leisure and hospitality	47	10	-536	-61
Other services	11	-3	-18	7
Government	60	-95	-23	43
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	237	553	239	29
Total private	204	748	370	54
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	50.0	49.8	49.7	49.8
Total private women employees	48.7	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.2	81.5	81.5	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.3	34.8	34.7	35.0
Average hourly earnings	$28.43	$29.61	$29.90	$29.96
Average weekly earnings	$975.15	$1,030.43	$1,037.53	$1,048.60
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	111.5	106.0	105.5	106.4
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.3	-0.5	0.9
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	151.5	150.0	150.8	152.4
Over-the-month percent change	0.5	0.6	0.5	1.1
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (257 industries)	58.2	64.4	61.9	48.1
Manufacturing (75 industries)	40.0	59.3	69.3	43.3
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	259,502	261,230	260,851	259,502	260,742	260,925	261,085	261,230	260,851
Civilian labor force	163,497	160,017	159,234	164,455	160,078	160,718	160,536	160,567	160,161
Participation rate	63.0	61.3	61.0	63.4	61.4	61.6	61.5	61.5	61.4
Employed	156,994	149,613	148,383	158,659	147,543	149,669	149,809	149,830	150,031
Employment-population ratio	60.5	57.3	56.9	61.1	56.6	57.4	57.4	57.4	57.5
Unemployed	6,504	10,404	10,851	5,796	12,535	11,049	10,728	10,736	10,130
Unemployment rate	4.0	6.5	6.8	3.5	7.8	6.9	6.7	6.7	6.3
Not in labor force	96,004	101,213	101,618	95,047	100,664	100,207	100,548	100,663	100,690
Persons who currently want a job	5,107	7,088	7,129	4,948	7,184	6,682	7,127	7,331	6,957
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,513	126,367	126,192	125,513	126,127	126,218	126,296	126,367	126,192
Civilian labor force	86,331	84,644	84,537	86,954	85,199	85,495	85,161	85,175	85,149
Participation rate	68.8	67.0	67.0	69.3	67.6	67.7	67.4	67.4	67.5
Employed	82,701	78,955	78,535	83,897	78,663	79,537	79,267	79,481	79,714
Employment-population ratio	65.9	62.5	62.2	66.8	62.4	63.0	62.8	62.9	63.2
Unemployed	3,629	5,689	6,003	3,057	6,537	5,958	5,894	5,694	5,434
Unemployment rate	4.2	6.7	7.1	3.5	7.7	7.0	6.9	6.7	6.4
Not in labor force	39,183	41,723	41,655	38,559	40,928	40,722	41,135	41,192	41,043
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	117,110	118,010	117,864	117,110	117,763	117,854	117,936	118,010	117,864
Civilian labor force	83,600	81,877	81,801	83,970	82,293	82,505	82,226	82,244	82,173
Participation rate	71.4	69.4	69.4	71.7	69.9	70.0	69.7	69.7	69.7
Employed	80,358	76,572	76,239	81,329	76,258	77,013	76,777	77,004	77,204
Employment-population ratio	68.6	64.9	64.7	69.4	64.8	65.3	65.1	65.3	65.5
Unemployed	3,241	5,305	5,562	2,641	6,036	5,492	5,449	5,240	4,969
Unemployment rate	3.9	6.5	6.8	3.1	7.3	6.7	6.6	6.4	6.0
Not in labor force	33,511	36,134	36,063	33,140	35,470	35,349	35,710	35,767	35,691
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	133,988	134,862	134,660	133,988	134,615	134,707	134,788	134,862	134,660
Civilian labor force	77,167	75,373	74,696	77,500	74,879	75,222	75,376	75,392	75,012
Participation rate	57.6	55.9	55.5	57.8	55.6	55.8	55.9	55.9	55.7
Employed	74,292	70,658	69,848	74,762	68,880	70,131	70,542	70,350	70,316
Employment-population ratio	55.4	52.4	51.9	55.8	51.2	52.1	52.3	52.2	52.2
Unemployed	2,874	4,715	4,848	2,738	5,998	5,091	4,834	5,042	4,696
Unemployment rate	3.7	6.3	6.5	3.5	8.0	6.8	6.4	6.7	6.3
Not in labor force	56,822	59,490	59,963	56,488	59,737	59,485	59,413	59,471	59,648
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,770	126,681	126,507	125,770	126,429	126,520	126,604	126,681	126,507
Civilian labor force	74,320	72,558	71,975	74,502	71,865	72,255	72,395	72,422	72,147
Participation rate	59.1	57.3	56.9	59.2	56.8	57.1	57.2	57.2	57.0
Employed	71,785	68,248	67,538	72,099	66,328	67,534	67,941	67,872	67,851
Employment-population ratio	57.1	53.9	53.4	57.3	52.5	53.4	53.7	53.6	53.6
Unemployed	2,535	4,309	4,437	2,404	5,537	4,721	4,453	4,551	4,296
Unemployment rate	3.4	5.9	6.2	3.2	7.7	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.0
Not in labor force	51,450	54,124	54,532	51,267	54,563	54,265	54,209	54,259	54,360
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,622	16,538	16,481	16,622	16,551	16,551	16,545	16,538	16,481
Civilian labor force	5,578	5,582	5,458	5,982	5,920	5,958	5,915	5,900	5,841
Participation rate	33.6	33.8	33.1	36.0	35.8	36.0	35.8	35.7	35.4
Employed	4,851	4,793	4,606	5,231	4,957	5,122	5,091	4,955	4,975
Employment-population ratio	29.2	29.0	27.9	31.5	29.9	30.9	30.8	30.0	30.2
Unemployed	727	789	852	751	963	836	825	946	865
Unemployment rate	13.0	14.1	15.6	12.6	16.3	14.0	13.9	16.0	14.8
Not in labor force	11,044	10,956	11,023	10,640	10,631	10,593	10,630	10,638	10,640
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	200,918	201,749	201,588	200,918	201,515	201,610	201,685	201,749	201,588
Civilian labor force	126,487	123,828	123,054	127,121	124,202	124,672	124,038	124,208	123,727
Participation rate	63.0	61.4	61.0	63.3	61.6	61.8	61.5	61.6	61.4
Employed	122,058	116,479	115,454	123,258	115,510	117,146	116,665	116,703	116,699
Employment-population ratio	60.8	57.7	57.3	61.3	57.3	58.1	57.8	57.8	57.9
Unemployed	4,429	7,348	7,601	3,863	8,691	7,525	7,373	7,505	7,027
Unemployment rate	3.5	5.9	6.2	3.0	7.0	6.0	5.9	6.0	5.7
Not in labor force	74,431	77,921	78,534	73,797	77,313	76,939	77,647	77,541	77,862
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,925	64,407	64,287	66,146	65,001	65,123	64,648	64,593	64,550
Participation rate	71.6	69.6	69.5	71.8	70.4	70.4	69.9	69.8	69.8
Employed	63,599	60,561	60,252	64,299	60,780	61,314	60,844	60,872	60,988
Employment-population ratio	69.1	65.5	65.2	69.8	65.8	66.3	65.8	65.8	66.0
Unemployed	2,326	3,847	4,035	1,846	4,220	3,808	3,804	3,721	3,561
Unemployment rate	3.5	6.0	6.3	2.8	6.5	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,255	55,048	54,489	56,304	54,568	54,866	54,717	54,980	54,529
Participation rate	58.2	56.7	56.1	58.3	56.3	56.5	56.4	56.6	56.2
Employed	54,639	52,116	51,581	54,796	50,813	51,761	51,765	51,871	51,739
Employment-population ratio	56.5	53.7	53.2	56.7	52.4	53.3	53.3	53.4	53.3
Unemployed	1,616	2,932	2,908	1,508	3,755	3,105	2,953	3,109	2,790
Unemployment rate	2.9	5.3	5.3	2.7	6.9	5.7	5.4	5.7	5.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,308	4,372	4,278	4,671	4,633	4,683	4,673	4,635	4,648
Participation rate	35.3	36.1	35.4	38.3	38.2	38.6	38.5	38.2	38.4
Employed	3,821	3,802	3,620	4,163	3,917	4,071	4,056	3,960	3,972
Employment-population ratio	31.3	31.4	29.9	34.1	32.3	33.5	33.4	32.7	32.8
Unemployed	487	570	657	508	716	612	616	675	676
Unemployment rate	11.3	13.0	15.4	10.9	15.5	13.1	13.2	14.6	14.5
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,184	33,516	33,493	33,184	33,420	33,453	33,486	33,516	33,493
Civilian labor force	20,702	19,919	20,087	20,802	19,942	20,123	20,165	20,055	20,189
Participation rate	62.4	59.4	60.0	62.7	59.7	60.2	60.2	59.8	60.3
Employed	19,327	18,066	18,124	19,524	17,558	17,955	18,087	18,061	18,323
Employment-population ratio	58.2	53.9	54.1	58.8	52.5	53.7	54.0	53.9	54.7
Unemployed	1,375	1,853	1,963	1,278	2,385	2,169	2,077	1,994	1,866
Unemployment rate	6.6	9.3	9.8	6.1	12.0	10.8	10.3	9.9	9.2
Not in labor force	12,482	13,597	13,406	12,382	13,478	13,330	13,321	13,461	13,305
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,351	9,166	9,281	9,412	9,124	9,224	9,217	9,222	9,348
Participation rate	67.0	64.8	65.6	67.4	64.7	65.4	65.2	65.2	66.1
Employed	8,754	8,245	8,346	8,875	7,975	8,166	8,184	8,265	8,468
Employment-population ratio	62.7	58.3	59.0	63.6	56.6	57.9	57.9	58.4	59.9
Unemployed	597	921	935	537	1,149	1,058	1,033	956	880
Unemployment rate	6.4	10.0	10.1	5.7	12.6	11.5	11.2	10.4	9.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,662	10,041	10,152	10,652	10,093	10,169	10,242	10,088	10,138
Participation rate	63.5	59.2	59.9	63.5	59.7	60.1	60.4	59.5	59.8
Employed	10,049	9,264	9,236	10,081	8,999	9,230	9,320	9,238	9,274
Employment-population ratio	59.9	54.6	54.5	60.1	53.2	54.5	55.0	54.5	54.7
Unemployed	613	778	915	570	1,093	939	921	849	864
Unemployment rate	5.7	7.7	9.0	5.4	10.8	9.2	9.0	8.4	8.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	690	712	654	739	726	731	706	746	703
Participation rate	28.3	29.6	27.3	30.3	30.1	30.3	29.3	31.0	29.3
Employed	524	557	542	567	584	559	583	558	581
Employment-population ratio	21.5	23.2	22.6	23.3	24.2	23.2	24.2	23.2	24.2
Unemployed	166	154	113	171	142	172	123	188	122
Unemployment rate	24.0	21.7	17.2	23.2	19.6	23.5	17.4	25.2	17.3
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,178	16,583	16,423	16,178	16,668	16,542	16,558	16,583	16,423
Civilian labor force	10,259	10,259	10,231	10,331	10,480	10,382	10,380	10,253	10,317
Participation rate	63.4	61.9	62.3	63.9	62.9	62.8	62.7	61.8	62.8
Employed	9,932	9,664	9,533	10,016	9,553	9,598	9,685	9,645	9,631
Employment-population ratio	61.4	58.3	58.0	61.9	57.3	58.0	58.5	58.2	58.6
Unemployed	327	595	698	315	926	784	695	608	686
Unemployment rate	3.2	5.8	6.8	3.1	8.8	7.6	6.7	5.9	6.6
Not in labor force	5,920	6,324	6,192	5,848	6,188	6,160	6,179	6,329	6,106
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,742	44,639	44,521	43,742	44,388	44,475	44,559	44,639	44,521
Civilian labor force	29,572	29,129	28,831	29,646	28,804	29,156	29,152	29,150	28,920
Participation rate	67.6	65.3	64.8	67.8	64.9	65.6	65.4	65.3	65.0
Employed	28,066	26,442	26,120	28,364	25,834	26,582	26,688	26,436	26,437
Employment-population ratio	64.2	59.2	58.7	64.8	58.2	59.8	59.9	59.2	59.4
Unemployed	1,506	2,688	2,710	1,282	2,969	2,575	2,463	2,714	2,482
Unemployment rate	5.1	9.2	9.4	4.3	10.3	8.8	8.4	9.3	8.6
Not in labor force	14,170	15,510	15,690	14,096	15,584	15,318	15,407	15,489	15,601
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	16,096	15,854	15,765	16,109	15,859	16,080	15,951	15,856	15,789
Participation rate	81.5	78.6	78.4	81.6	79.1	80.1	79.3	78.6	78.5
Employed	15,362	14,423	14,363	15,565	14,463	14,767	14,700	14,462	14,578
Employment-population ratio	77.8	71.5	71.4	78.8	72.1	73.5	73.0	71.7	72.5
Unemployed	734	1,431	1,402	544	1,397	1,313	1,251	1,395	1,211
Unemployment rate	4.6	9.0	8.9	3.4	8.8	8.2	7.8	8.8	7.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	12,222	11,929	11,782	12,223	11,575	11,746	11,821	11,906	11,779
Participation rate	61.1	58.4	57.8	61.1	57.0	57.7	58.0	58.3	57.8
Employed	11,637	10,874	10,702	11,679	10,306	10,688	10,851	10,820	10,743
Employment-population ratio	58.2	53.2	52.5	58.4	50.7	52.5	53.2	52.9	52.7
Unemployed	585	1,055	1,079	545	1,270	1,058	970	1,086	1,036
Unemployment rate	4.8	8.8	9.2	4.5	11.0	9.0	8.2	9.1	8.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,253	1,346	1,284	1,314	1,370	1,331	1,380	1,388	1,352
Participation rate	31.4	33.3	31.9	32.9	34.0	33.0	34.2	34.3	33.6
Employed	1,066	1,145	1,055	1,121	1,066	1,127	1,137	1,155	1,116
Employment-population ratio	26.7	28.3	26.2	28.0	26.5	27.9	28.2	28.6	27.7
Unemployed	187	202	229	194	303	203	243	234	236
Unemployment rate	14.9	15.0	17.8	14.7	22.1	15.3	17.6	16.8	17.4
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,657	9,246	9,296	9,550	8,811	9,169	9,276	9,147	9,169
Participation rate	46.1	45.5	45.5	45.6	43.5	46.0	45.7	45.0	44.9
Employed	8,946	8,288	8,297	9,009	7,872	8,258	8,418	8,254	8,337
Employment-population ratio	42.7	40.8	40.6	43.0	38.9	41.5	41.4	40.7	40.8
Unemployed	711	958	999	540	939	911	858	893	832
Unemployment rate	7.4	10.4	10.7	5.7	10.7	9.9	9.2	9.8	9.1
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,878	34,751	34,169	36,189	34,974	35,479	35,163	34,925	34,506
Participation rate	58.1	55.2	54.7	58.6	55.0	55.8	55.4	55.5	55.2
Employed	34,299	32,006	31,482	34,861	31,835	32,607	32,435	32,198	32,051
Employment-population ratio	55.6	50.8	50.4	56.5	50.1	51.3	51.1	51.1	51.3
Unemployed	1,579	2,745	2,687	1,328	3,139	2,873	2,728	2,726	2,455
Unemployment rate	4.4	7.9	7.9	3.7	9.0	8.1	7.8	7.8	7.1
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,211	35,714	35,431	37,198	35,969	35,762	35,644	35,676	35,440
Participation rate	64.5	62.6	62.3	64.4	63.6	62.4	62.3	62.5	62.3
Employed	36,088	33,538	33,142	36,181	33,056	33,409	33,387	33,430	33,257
Employment-population ratio	62.5	58.8	58.2	62.7	58.4	58.3	58.4	58.6	58.4
Unemployed	1,124	2,175	2,289	1,017	2,912	2,354	2,257	2,246	2,183
Unemployment rate	3.0	6.1	6.5	2.7	8.1	6.6	6.3	6.3	6.2
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	60,237	60,174	60,473	60,192	59,861	59,530	59,620	59,940	60,391
Participation rate	73.8	72.1	72.3	73.8	72.2	72.0	72.2	71.9	72.2
Employed	59,015	57,985	58,001	59,018	57,024	57,041	57,095	57,665	57,969
Employment-population ratio	72.3	69.5	69.3	72.3	68.8	69.0	69.1	69.1	69.3
Unemployed	1,222	2,190	2,472	1,174	2,837	2,488	2,524	2,274	2,422
Unemployment rate	2.0	3.6	4.1	2.0	4.7	4.2	4.2	3.8	4.0
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,642	18,975	16,744	16,968	1,898	2,007
Civilian labor force	9,189	9,115	8,038	7,968	1,151	1,147
Participation rate	49.3	48.0	48.0	47.0	60.7	57.2
Employed	8,870	8,616	7,755	7,506	1,115	1,109
Employment-population ratio	47.6	45.4	46.3	44.2	58.7	55.3
Unemployed	319	500	282	461	36	38
Unemployment rate	3.5	5.5	3.5	5.8	3.2	3.3
Not in labor force	9,453	9,860	8,706	9,000	747	860
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,326	4,636	3,570	3,808	756	828
Civilian labor force	3,418	3,590	2,856	3,023	562	567
Participation rate	79.0	77.4	80.0	79.4	74.3	68.5
Employed	3,269	3,362	2,722	2,817	547	545
Employment-population ratio	75.6	72.5	76.2	74.0	72.4	65.9
Unemployed	149	228	134	206	15	22
Unemployment rate	4.4	6.3	4.7	6.8	2.6	3.8
Not in labor force	908	1,046	714	785	194	261
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,167	3,274	2,674	2,779	493	495
Civilian labor force	2,403	2,499	2,087	2,164	317	335
Participation rate	75.9	76.3	78.1	77.9	64.2	67.6
Employed	2,342	2,410	2,030	2,081	312	329
Employment-population ratio	74.0	73.6	75.9	74.9	63.2	66.4
Unemployed	61	89	56	83	5	6
Unemployment rate	2.6	3.6	2.7	3.8	1.6	1.8
Not in labor force	763	775	587	615	176	160
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,007	6,869	6,763	6,604	244	265
Civilian labor force	1,448	1,185	1,412	1,166	35	19
Participation rate	20.7	17.3	20.9	17.7	14.5	7.3
Employed	1,412	1,128	1,380	1,108	32	19
Employment-population ratio	20.1	16.4	20.4	16.8	13.0	7.3
Unemployed	36	58	32	58	4	0
Unemployment rate	2.5	4.9	2.3	5.0	-	-
Not in labor force	5,559	5,684	5,351	5,438	209	246
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,142	4,196	3,737	3,777	405	419
Civilian labor force	1,920	1,841	1,682	1,615	238	226
Participation rate	46.4	43.9	45.0	42.8	58.7	53.9
Employed	1,847	1,716	1,623	1,500	224	215
Employment-population ratio	44.6	40.9	43.4	39.7	55.4	51.4
Unemployed	73	125	60	115	13	11
Unemployment rate	3.8	6.8	3.6	7.1	5.5	4.7
Not in labor force	2,222	2,355	2,055	2,162	167	193
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	232,099	233,094	104,393	104,699	127,706	128,395
Civilian labor force	152,311	148,213	77,416	75,652	74,895	72,562
Participation rate	65.6	63.6	74.2	72.3	58.6	56.5
Employed	146,350	138,151	74,189	70,229	72,161	67,922
Employment-population ratio	63.1	59.3	71.1	67.1	56.5	52.9
Unemployed	5,961	10,062	3,226	5,423	2,735	4,639
Unemployment rate	3.9	6.8	4.2	7.2	3.7	6.4
Not in labor force	79,788	84,881	26,977	29,048	52,811	55,834
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,504	29,851	228,998	231,001
Civilian labor force	6,227	5,846	157,270	153,387
Participation rate	20.4	19.6	68.7	66.4
Employed	5,741	5,144	151,253	143,239
Employment-population ratio	18.8	17.2	66.0	62.0
Unemployed	486	702	6,017	10,149
Unemployment rate	7.8	12.0	3.8	6.6
Not in labor force	24,277	24,005	71,727	77,613
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,664	2,595	77,639	76,189
Participation rate	35.6	34.3	82.7	81.3
Employed	2,408	2,237	74,462	70,857
Employment-population ratio	32.2	29.5	79.3	75.6
Unemployed	256	358	3,177	5,332
Unemployment rate	9.6	13.8	4.1	7.0
Not in labor force	4,817	4,979	16,207	17,501
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,394	2,302	69,853	67,741
Participation rate	31.5	31.4	72.2	69.9
Employed	2,220	2,042	67,277	63,405
Employment-population ratio	29.2	27.8	69.5	65.5
Unemployed	174	260	2,575	4,336
Unemployment rate	7.3	11.3	3.7	6.4
Not in labor force	5,196	5,034	26,919	29,111
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,169	949	9,779	9,457
Participation rate	7.6	6.4	25.5	23.4
Employed	1,113	865	9,514	8,977
Employment-population ratio	7.2	5.8	24.8	22.2
Unemployed	56	84	265	481
Unemployment rate	4.8	8.8	2.7	5.1
Not in labor force	14,263	13,991	28,601	31,000
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,362	43,086	20,658	20,793	21,704	22,293
Civilian labor force	28,189	27,549	16,241	15,932	11,948	11,617
Participation rate	66.5	63.9	78.6	76.6	55.1	52.1
Employed	27,066	25,318	15,659	14,777	11,407	10,542
Employment-population ratio	63.9	58.8	75.8	71.1	52.6	47.3
Unemployed	1,124	2,231	582	1,155	542	1,076
Unemployment rate	4.0	8.1	3.6	7.2	4.5	9.3
Not in labor force	14,173	15,537	4,417	4,861	9,756	10,676
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	217,139	217,765	104,855	105,399	112,284	112,367
Civilian labor force	135,308	131,685	70,089	68,605	65,218	63,079
Participation rate	62.3	60.5	66.8	65.1	58.1	56.1
Employed	129,928	123,065	67,042	63,758	62,886	59,307
Employment-population ratio	59.8	56.5	63.9	60.5	56.0	52.8
Unemployed	5,380	8,620	3,047	4,848	2,333	3,772
Unemployment rate	4.0	6.5	4.3	7.1	3.6	6.0
Not in labor force	81,831	86,081	34,765	36,793	47,066	49,287
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,273	2,390	2,346	2,405	2,270	2,515	2,432	2,461	2,466
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,656	1,578	1,517	1,699	1,482	1,570	1,553	1,569	1,552
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	592	782	778	649	799	881	837	823	827
Unpaid family workers	25	30	50	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	154,720	147,223	146,037	156,217	145,454	147,255	147,314	147,351	147,535
Wage and salary workers(1)	146,037	138,617	137,451	147,434	136,493	138,539	138,891	138,971	138,941
Government	21,694	20,762	20,914	21,460	20,466	20,678	20,418	20,709	20,689
Private industries	124,343	117,856	116,537	125,886	116,299	117,939	118,525	118,123	118,102
Private households	801	636	622	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	123,542	117,220	115,915	125,147	115,601	117,304	117,902	117,472	117,532
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,633	8,540	8,515	8,846	8,675	8,690	8,570	8,638	8,721
Unpaid family workers	50	66	71	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,732	6,245	6,404	4,269	6,283	6,668	6,641	6,170	5,954
Slack work or business conditions	3,057	5,003	5,185	2,627	4,881	5,298	5,223	4,891	4,756
Could only find part-time work	1,340	972	981	1,336	1,120	1,135	1,167	1,045	986
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,929	18,678	18,407	22,027	18,990	19,465	18,580	18,237	18,519
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,605	6,133	6,284	4,130	6,197	6,552	6,582	6,082	5,824
Slack work or business conditions	2,962	4,919	5,102	2,549	4,823	5,227	5,176	4,819	4,691
Could only find part-time work	1,337	967	980	1,333	1,112	1,113	1,163	1,037	986
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,564	18,283	17,993	21,669	18,589	19,029	18,182	17,846	18,112
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	156,994	149,613	148,383	158,659	147,543	149,669	149,809	149,830	150,031
16 to 19 years	4,851	4,793	4,606	5,231	4,957	5,122	5,091	4,955	4,975
16 to 17 years	1,774	1,693	1,616	1,936	1,786	1,824	1,797	1,785	1,784
18 to 19 years	3,077	3,100	2,990	3,314	3,162	3,295	3,277	3,192	3,222
20 years and over	152,143	144,820	143,777	153,428	142,586	144,547	144,718	144,876	145,055
20 to 24 years	13,795	13,002	12,856	14,162	12,641	13,212	13,203	13,167	13,216
25 years and over	138,348	131,817	130,921	139,095	130,040	131,566	131,461	131,637	131,689
25 to 54 years	101,005	96,427	95,871	101,423	94,738	95,875	95,861	96,225	96,307
25 to 34 years	35,915	33,993	33,687	36,092	33,293	33,836	33,581	33,913	33,884
35 to 44 years	33,255	32,052	32,046	33,376	31,687	31,903	32,098	32,011	32,162
45 to 54 years	31,835	30,382	30,137	31,955	29,758	30,136	30,182	30,300	30,261
55 years and over	37,343	35,391	35,050	37,672	35,302	35,692	35,600	35,412	35,382
Men, 16 years and over	82,701	78,955	78,535	83,897	78,663	79,537	79,267	79,481	79,714
16 to 19 years	2,343	2,384	2,295	2,567	2,405	2,524	2,490	2,477	2,510
16 to 17 years	757	812	799	852	849	878	863	881	892
18 to 19 years	1,586	1,571	1,496	1,730	1,546	1,647	1,630	1,603	1,634
20 years and over	80,358	76,572	76,239	81,329	76,258	77,013	76,777	77,004	77,204
20 to 24 years	7,045	6,527	6,591	7,279	6,512	6,749	6,722	6,672	6,810
25 years and over	73,313	70,044	69,648	73,989	69,718	70,291	70,040	70,220	70,317
25 to 54 years	53,412	51,177	50,957	53,825	50,723	51,140	51,025	51,246	51,368
25 to 34 years	18,973	18,177	17,967	19,127	17,808	18,056	17,889	18,172	18,133
35 to 44 years	17,713	17,154	17,211	17,873	17,146	17,209	17,288	17,201	17,358
45 to 54 years	16,726	15,846	15,779	16,826	15,769	15,876	15,848	15,873	15,876
55 years and over	19,901	18,867	18,691	20,164	18,996	19,151	19,015	18,974	18,950
Women, 16 years and over	74,292	70,658	69,848	74,762	68,880	70,131	70,542	70,350	70,316
16 to 19 years	2,508	2,410	2,310	2,663	2,552	2,598	2,600	2,478	2,465
16 to 17 years	1,017	880	817	1,083	937	946	934	904	892
18 to 19 years	1,491	1,529	1,494	1,584	1,616	1,648	1,647	1,589	1,588
20 years and over	71,785	68,248	67,538	72,099	66,328	67,534	67,941	67,872	67,851
20 to 24 years	6,750	6,475	6,266	6,883	6,129	6,463	6,481	6,495	6,406
25 years and over	65,035	61,773	61,272	65,106	60,322	61,275	61,422	61,417	61,371
25 to 54 years	47,593	45,250	44,914	47,598	44,016	44,735	44,836	44,979	44,939
25 to 34 years	16,942	15,816	15,720	16,965	15,485	15,781	15,692	15,741	15,751
35 to 44 years	15,542	14,898	14,836	15,503	14,541	14,694	14,810	14,810	14,804
45 to 54 years	15,109	14,535	14,358	15,129	13,989	14,260	14,334	14,428	14,384
55 years and over	17,442	16,523	16,358	17,508	16,306	16,540	16,586	16,438	16,432
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,949	43,499	43,547	46,229	43,598	43,761	43,754	43,720	43,819
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,926	35,109	34,698	36,875	34,321	34,685	34,795	34,817	34,668
Women who maintain families(2)	9,553	9,490	9,325	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	129,379	124,415	123,717	130,741	122,569	123,646	124,292	124,689	124,990
Part-time workers(4)	27,615	25,197	24,666	27,541	25,067	26,139	25,373	24,917	24,627
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,083	6,496	6,535	8,170	6,491	6,669	6,559	6,460	6,623
Percent of total employed	5.1	4.3	4.4	5.1	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.4
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,472	5,859	5,938	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,226	9,322	9,293	9,495	9,473	9,571	9,408	9,461	9,548
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	5,796	10,736	10,130	3.5	7.8	6.9	6.7	6.7	6.3
16 to 19 years	751	946	865	12.6	16.3	14.0	13.9	16.0	14.8
16 to 17 years	280	302	337	12.6	17.2	14.1	14.9	14.5	15.9
18 to 19 years	481	655	534	12.7	15.8	14.1	13.4	17.0	14.2
20 years and over	5,044	9,790	9,265	3.2	7.5	6.6	6.4	6.3	6.0
20 to 24 years	1,005	1,653	1,425	6.6	12.5	10.9	10.7	11.2	9.7
25 years and over	4,121	8,170	7,940	2.9	7.0	6.2	6.0	5.8	5.7
25 to 54 years	3,120	5,946	5,968	3.0	7.1	6.4	6.1	5.8	5.8
25 to 34 years	1,413	2,397	2,464	3.8	8.6	7.3	7.0	6.6	6.8
35 to 44 years	933	1,857	1,948	2.7	6.2	5.8	5.6	5.5	5.7
45 to 54 years	773	1,693	1,555	2.4	6.4	6.0	5.5	5.3	4.9
55 years and over	1,008	2,259	1,970	2.6	6.6	5.5	5.8	6.0	5.3
Men, 16 years and over	3,057	5,694	5,434	3.5	7.7	7.0	6.9	6.7	6.4
16 to 19 years	417	455	466	14.0	17.3	15.6	15.1	15.5	15.7
16 to 17 years	158	159	157	15.6	18.3	16.1	14.5	15.3	15.0
18 to 19 years	258	301	311	13.0	16.8	15.4	15.5	15.8	16.0
20 years and over	2,641	5,240	4,969	3.1	7.3	6.7	6.6	6.4	6.0
20 to 24 years	512	922	754	6.6	12.9	11.8	11.9	12.1	10.0
25 years and over	2,203	4,353	4,300	2.9	6.8	6.2	6.2	5.8	5.8
25 to 54 years	1,643	3,167	3,210	3.0	7.0	6.5	6.3	5.8	5.9
25 to 34 years	778	1,291	1,356	3.9	8.7	7.8	7.7	6.6	7.0
35 to 44 years	462	1,049	1,066	2.5	6.1	5.7	5.6	5.7	5.8
45 to 54 years	403	827	788	2.3	6.0	6.0	5.5	5.0	4.7
55 years and over	560	1,186	1,090	2.7	6.2	5.2	5.9	5.9	5.4
Women, 16 years and over	2,738	5,042	4,696	3.5	8.0	6.8	6.4	6.7	6.3
16 to 19 years	335	491	400	11.2	15.3	12.5	12.8	16.5	14.0
16 to 17 years	122	143	180	10.1	16.2	12.1	15.2	13.7	16.8
18 to 19 years	223	354	223	12.4	14.8	12.8	11.2	18.2	12.3
20 years and over	2,404	4,551	4,296	3.2	7.7	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.0
20 to 24 years	493	732	670	6.7	12.1	10.0	9.4	10.1	9.5
25 years and over	1,918	3,817	3,640	2.9	7.3	6.1	5.8	5.9	5.6
25 to 54 years	1,477	2,780	2,758	3.0	7.3	6.3	5.8	5.8	5.8
25 to 34 years	635	1,106	1,108	3.6	8.6	6.9	6.2	6.6	6.6
35 to 44 years	471	808	882	3.0	6.3	6.0	5.6	5.2	5.6
45 to 54 years	370	865	767	2.4	6.8	5.9	5.5	5.7	5.1
55 years and over	441	1,065	882	2.5	7.2	5.8	5.8	6.1	5.1
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	786	1,841	1,795	1.7	4.8	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.9
Married women, spouse present(1)	784	1,705	1,593	2.1	5.9	4.8	4.5	4.7	4.4
Women who maintain families(2)	545	734	845	5.4	10.0	8.6	7.7	7.2	8.3
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,716	8,911	8,548	3.5	7.8	6.9	6.9	6.7	6.4
Part-time workers(4)	1,163	1,871	1,676	4.1	8.4	6.7	6.0	7.0	6.4
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,267	7,264	7,666	2,575	9,039	7,685	7,468	7,210	6,997
On temporary layoff	1,109	3,124	3,215	640	4,624	3,231	2,762	3,039	2,746
Not on temporary layoff	2,158	4,141	4,452	1,935	4,415	4,454	4,705	4,171	4,251
Permanent job losers	1,403	3,342	3,585	1,305	3,661	3,620	3,718	3,370	3,503
Persons who completed temporary jobs	755	798	867	630	754	834	987	802	749
Job leavers	830	706	651	828	808	763	698	743	653
Reentrants	1,907	2,044	2,039	1,831	2,123	2,017	1,968	2,250	1,963
New entrants	500	389	494	560	535	526	551	509	542
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	50.2	69.8	70.7	44.4	72.3	69.9	69.9	67.3	68.9
On temporary layoff	17.1	30.0	29.6	11.1	37.0	29.4	25.9	28.4	27.0
Not on temporary layoff	33.2	39.8	41.0	33.4	35.3	40.5	44.0	38.9	41.9
Job leavers	12.8	6.8	6.0	14.3	6.5	6.9	6.5	6.9	6.4
Reentrants	29.3	19.7	18.8	31.6	17.0	18.3	18.4	21.0	19.3
New entrants	7.7	3.7	4.6	9.7	4.3	4.8	5.2	4.7	5.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.0	4.5	4.8	1.6	5.6	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.4
Job leavers	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
Reentrants	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.2
New entrants	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,468	2,813	2,707	2,071	2,552	2,494	2,455	2,904	2,278
5 to 14 weeks	1,925	2,211	2,716	1,752	2,754	2,341	2,404	2,222	2,528
15 weeks and over	2,110	5,380	5,428	2,045	7,339	6,185	5,804	5,529	5,369
15 to 26 weeks	893	1,502	1,354	881	4,934	2,651	1,875	1,572	1,346
27 weeks and over	1,217	3,878	4,074	1,163	2,405	3,534	3,929	3,956	4,023
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	20.5	22.8	24.3	22.2	21.0	21.4	23.0	23.4	26.0
Median duration, in weeks	8.6	16.1	14.5	9.3	17.8	19.0	18.9	16.8	15.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	38.0	27.0	24.9	35.3	20.2	22.6	23.0	27.3	22.4
5 to 14 weeks	29.6	21.3	25.0	29.9	21.8	21.2	22.5	20.9	24.8
15 weeks and over	32.4	51.7	50.0	34.8	58.0	56.1	54.4	51.9	52.8
15 to 26 weeks	13.7	14.4	12.5	15.0	39.0	24.1	17.6	14.8	13.2
27 weeks and over	18.7	37.3	37.5	19.8	19.0	32.1	36.8	37.1	39.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021
Total, 16 years and over(1)	156,994	148,383	6,504	10,851	4.0	6.8
Management, professional, and related occupations	65,643	63,886	1,453	2,433	2.2	3.7
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	27,573	27,307	653	1,088	2.3	3.8
Professional and related occupations	38,070	36,580	799	1,345	2.1	3.5
Service occupations	25,943	22,366	1,280	2,887	4.7	11.4
Sales and office occupations	31,320	30,295	1,309	1,983	4.0	6.1
Sales and related occupations	15,428	14,641	724	1,036	4.5	6.6
Office and administrative support occupations	15,892	15,654	585	947	3.5	5.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,923	13,235	934	1,417	6.3	9.7
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,081	984	210	140	16.3	12.4
Construction and extraction occupations	8,015	7,790	590	963	6.9	11.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,827	4,461	134	314	2.7	6.6
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,165	18,601	1,008	1,626	4.8	8.0
Production occupations	8,299	7,840	434	544	5.0	6.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,866	10,761	574	1,081	4.6	9.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,504	10,851	4.0	6.8
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,954	8,945	3.8	7.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	16	93	1.9	14.2
Construction	515	938	5.4	9.4
Manufacturing	530	699	3.4	4.7
Durable goods	317	396	3.2	4.2
Nondurable goods	214	303	3.7	5.6
Wholesale and retail trade	945	1,367	4.7	6.9
Transportation and utilities	220	613	3.0	8.2
Information	61	186	2.3	7.4
Financial activities	259	350	2.5	3.4
Professional and business services	724	1,146	4.1	6.8
Education and health services	601	1,059	2.4	4.3
Leisure and hospitality	833	1,949	5.9	15.9
Other services	250	544	3.7	8.8
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	231	153	12.5	9.4
Government workers	467	641	2.1	3.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	351	617	3.6	6.2
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.3	3.4	3.4	1.2	4.6	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.4
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.0	4.5	4.8	1.6	5.6	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.4
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.0	6.5	6.8	3.5	7.8	6.9	6.7	6.7	6.3
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.2	6.9	7.2	3.7	8.2	7.2	7.1	7.1	6.7
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.8	7.8	8.0	4.3	8.9	8.0	7.9	7.9	7.4
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.7	11.6	12.0	6.9	12.8	12.1	12.0	11.7	11.1
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2021
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	96,004	101,618	39,183	41,655	56,822	59,963
Persons who currently want a job	5,107	7,129	2,566	3,381	2,541	3,748
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,464	2,053	817	1,164	647	889
Discouraged workers(2)	350	638	185	430	166	208
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,113	1,415	632	734	481	681
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,083	6,535	3,949	3,071	4,134	3,463
Percent of total employed	5.1	4.4	4.8	3.9	5.6	5.0
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,528	3,755	2,421	1,934	2,108	1,822
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,047	1,577	700	499	1,347	1,078
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	326	240	227	143	99	97
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,123	928	585	475	538	453
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)	Change from: Dec.2020 - Jan.2021(p)
Total nonfarm	150,055	144,121	143,700	140,927	152,234	142,809	142,582	142,631	49
Total private	127,405	122,128	121,889	119,532	129,445	121,321	121,117	121,123	6
Goods-producing	20,626	20,203	20,157	19,811	21,096	20,146	20,222	20,218	-4
Mining and logging	678	599	601	605	689	597	600	609	9
Logging	47.9	45.7	46.6	46.2	48.6	44.9	45.8	46.3	0.5
Mining	629.8	553.1	554.7	558.8	640.6	552.5	553.8	562.6	8.8
Oil and gas extraction	137.2	139.8	141.9	141.0	138.8	139.4	141.1	141.9	0.8
Mining, except oil and gas	181.8	176.7	177.9	175.9	187.5	176.2	178.9	179.4	0.5
Coal mining	47.4	39.3	42.4	43.0	47.4	39.3	42.1	42.4	0.3
Metal ore mining	41.5	41.6	41.3	41.5	42.0	41.9	41.5	41.8	0.3
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	92.9	95.8	94.2	91.4	98.1	95.0	95.3	95.2	-0.1
Support activities for mining	310.8	236.6	234.9	241.9	314.3	236.9	233.8	241.3	7.5
Construction	7,243	7,413	7,305	7,051	7,615	7,353	7,395	7,392	-3
Construction of buildings	1,634.4	1,657.6	1,650.3	1,617.8	1,682.1	1,651.2	1,655.3	1,658.3	3.0
Residential building	805.9	844.3	845.7	828.5	829.8	836.7	844.3	847.9	3.6
Nonresidential building	828.5	813.3	804.6	789.3	852.3	814.5	811.0	810.4	-0.6
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,002.1	1,058.8	1,007.0	943.9	1,112.2	1,036.2	1,049.5	1,051.5	2.0
Specialty trade contractors	4,606.2	4,696.4	4,647.2	4,489.0	4,820.2	4,665.6	4,690.0	4,682.5	-7.5
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,034.4	2,141.6	2,125.8	2,060.1	2,127.0	2,132.2	2,140.7	2,136.5	-4.2
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,571.8	2,554.8	2,521.4	2,428.9	2,693.2	2,533.4	2,549.3	2,546.0	-3.3
Manufacturing	12,705	12,191	12,251	12,155	12,792	12,196	12,227	12,217	-10
Durable goods	7,967	7,570	7,610	7,556	8,002	7,580	7,598	7,581	-17
Wood products	406.7	398.7	402.5	400.5	411.3	398.8	402.3	403.6	1.3
Nonmetallic mineral products	403.8	399.3	398.4	381.7	416.7	396.7	400.9	394.5	-6.4
Primary metals	379.7	348.5	349.0	348.0	379.4	350.0	348.2	347.4	-0.8
Fabricated metal products	1,461.0	1,376.5	1,388.2	1,377.4	1,469.0	1,383.1	1,385.2	1,381.1	-4.1
Machinery	1,115.1	1,051.5	1,055.1	1,054.8	1,115.1	1,055.6	1,055.3	1,054.6	-0.7
Computer and electronic products	1,079.3	1,071.2	1,074.3	1,072.0	1,081.9	1,071.0	1,072.1	1,073.4	1.3
Computer and peripheral equipment	162.8	162.2	162.5	161.7	162.5	162.2	162.2	161.8	-0.4
Communications equipment	86.7	85.1	85.3	86.0	86.9	85.0	85.1	85.9	0.8
Semiconductors and electronic components	373.1	367.1	368.2	369.4	374.7	367.4	368.3	370.1	1.8
Electronic instruments	426.0	422.4	422.8	420.3	426.6	422.2	421.7	420.5	-1.2
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	30.7	34.4	35.5	34.6	31.2	34.2	34.8	35.1	0.3
Electrical equipment and appliances	399.4	371.8	375.2	370.6	399.2	372.1	373.6	370.4	-3.2
Transportation equipment(1)	1,720.0	1,595.2	1,603.1	1,593.1	1,722.7	1,594.7	1,598.1	1,594.9	-3.2
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	976.0	905.0	913.3	905.1	975.9	906.9	910.5	905.2	-5.3
Furniture and related products	384.3	354.2	356.8	353.4	385.2	355.0	356.1	354.0	-2.1
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	617.2	603.1	607.3	604.6	621.5	602.7	606.2	607.5	1.3
Nondurable goods	4,738	4,621	4,641	4,599	4,790	4,616	4,629	4,636	7
Food manufacturing	1,636.7	1,634.1	1,642.8	1,620.4	1,661.0	1,629.1	1,634.1	1,636.3	2.2
Textile mills	105.6	95.6	95.3	95.0	106.1	95.6	95.2	95.1	-0.1
Textile product mills	112.6	104.5	105.8	105.4	113.6	103.9	105.2	105.6	0.4
Apparel	103.1	89.4	92.6	89.4	104.3	89.2	92.7	90.2	-2.5
Paper and paper products	362.8	354.5	357.1	354.9	364.2	355.6	356.2	355.8	-0.4
Printing and related support activities	417.8	373.1	374.8	370.1	420.2	370.7	372.9	371.7	-1.2
Petroleum and coal products	109.4	103.5	105.1	103.0	113.7	103.9	107.2	106.9	-0.3
Chemicals	849.7	838.5	844.7	848.1	854.7	839.6	841.1	851.6	10.5
Plastics and rubber products	729.5	716.1	725.0	722.9	731.1	717.8	723.8	723.7	-0.1
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	310.9	311.7	297.9	290.1	321.5	310.4	300.9	299.1	-1.8
Private service-providing	106,779	101,925	101,732	99,721	108,349	101,175	100,895	100,905	10
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,755	27,520	27,942	27,030	27,852	26,983	27,108	27,058	-50
Wholesale trade	5,865.3	5,615.0	5,632.6	5,602.4	5,901.1	5,602.4	5,617.9	5,632.2	14.3
Durable goods	3,205.5	3,064.8	3,080.3	3,069.7	3,218.6	3,064.4	3,073.6	3,081.5	7.9
Nondurable goods	2,146.7	2,069.0	2,070.5	2,053.1	2,167.2	2,058.2	2,063.6	2,070.0	6.4
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	513.1	481.2	481.8	479.6	515.3	479.8	480.7	480.7	0.0
Retail trade	15,508.4	15,487.9	15,755.0	15,175.0	15,605.2	15,129.7	15,264.6	15,226.8	-37.8
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,025.0	1,940.2	1,948.2	1,933.8	2,044.1	1,941.0	1,953.8	1,947.3	-6.5
Automobile dealers	1,306.1	1,229.9	1,239.4	1,235.3	1,312.8	1,229.7	1,239.6	1,236.8	-2.8
Other motor vehicle dealers	152.4	150.0	148.9	144.5	162.0	154.0	155.7	153.9	-1.8
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	566.5	560.3	559.9	554.0	569.3	557.3	558.5	556.6	-1.9
Furniture and home furnishings stores	474.6	443.4	455.3	438.3	472.0	432.8	435.2	436.0	0.8
Electronics and appliance stores	470.4	455.3	454.0	412.8	467.0	435.3	434.5	405.2	-29.3
Building material and garden supply stores	1,238.4	1,363.3	1,395.3	1,362.8	1,299.0	1,402.8	1,428.8	1,429.6	0.8
Food and beverage stores	3,062.6	3,161.3	3,180.8	3,151.3	3,077.4	3,139.2	3,148.1	3,163.3	15.2
Health and personal care stores	1,035.5	969.5	987.5	981.6	1,029.1	950.1	960.8	975.2	14.4
Gasoline stations	949.8	938.5	938.6	931.3	958.4	937.4	939.5	938.2	-1.3
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,278.8	1,029.5	1,074.8	1,003.2	1,272.7	966.8	978.4	993.2	14.8
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	557.8	484.1	499.2	473.3	558.2	456.4	457.6	459.0	1.4
General merchandise stores	3,010.9	3,300.2	3,405.6	3,135.6	2,997.0	3,091.3	3,152.3	3,114.0	-38.3
Department stores	1,039.7	1,092.5	1,130.5	1,002.3	1,015.2	982.4	981.1	973.3	-7.8
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,971.2	2,207.7	2,275.1	2,133.3	1,981.8	2,108.9	2,171.2	2,140.7	-30.5
Miscellaneous store retailers	828.0	779.9	781.7	760.4	846.8	773.2	767.4	772.4	5.0
Nonstore retailers	576.6	622.7	634.0	590.6	583.5	603.4	608.2	593.4	-14.8
Transportation and warehousing	5,835.1	5,876.7	6,014.0	5,713.9	5,798.1	5,711.3	5,687.2	5,659.4	-27.8
Air transportation	510.5	392.9	395.9	409.3	514.1	394.3	397.4	412.2	14.8
Rail transportation	159.2	143.0	145.4	144.4	160.5	143.3	144.8	144.8	0.0
Water transportation	65.3	58.4	58.2	57.1	67.3	59.8	59.2	58.9	-0.3
Truck transportation	1,495.6	1,480.5	1,477.3	1,449.4	1,522.8	1,472.8	1,478.3	1,475.4	-2.9
Transit and ground passenger transportation	503.0	389.5	379.3	370.2	493.8	372.7	363.1	360.3	-2.8
Pipeline transportation	51.9	50.3	49.6	49.1	51.7	50.2	49.5	49.0	-0.5
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	26.1	21.2	20.6	18.8	35.0	25.1	24.6	24.9	0.3
Support activities for transportation	761.0	699.2	700.6	689.0	763.2	694.5	694.8	689.5	-5.3
Couriers and messengers	958.3	1,173.4	1,306.0	1,101.9	879.2	1,063.9	1,033.0	1,019.3	-13.7
Warehousing and storage	1,304.2	1,468.3	1,481.1	1,424.7	1,310.5	1,434.7	1,442.5	1,425.1	-17.4
Utilities	546.2	540.0	540.1	538.8	547.6	539.5	538.5	539.1	0.6
Information	2,868	2,659	2,665	2,647	2,910	2,650	2,656	2,672	16
Publishing industries, except Internet	777.5	758.2	759.1	759.0	781.2	755.2	759.1	763.2	4.1
Motion picture and sound recording industries	408.1	260.6	261.3	243.5	441.9	258.4	257.6	262.6	5.0
Broadcasting, except Internet	261.7	248.2	248.0	246.3	263.0	247.9	246.7	246.9	0.2
Telecommunications	710.1	681.2	683.7	685.4	711.5	679.0	679.4	685.4	6.0
Data processing, hosting and related services	360.4	354.2	354.7	352.1	362.0	352.7	355.1	353.5	-1.6
Other information services	350.4	357.0	358.3	360.8	350.0	357.0	357.6	360.1	2.5
Financial activities	8,783	8,763	8,788	8,729	8,849	8,756	8,774	8,782	8
Finance and insurance	6,476.3	6,542.2	6,554.3	6,525.0	6,498.5	6,532.8	6,539.2	6,540.2	1.0
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.8	20.2	20.3	20.2	19.7	20.3	20.3	20.2	-0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,663.5	2,669.2	2,672.6	2,669.2	2,667.7	2,668.9	2,669.6	2,671.0	1.4
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,783.1	1,751.3	1,750.0	1,746.6	1,785.5	1,754.7	1,750.9	1,747.7	-3.2
Commercial banking	1,395.6	1,365.3	1,363.2	1,359.5	1,396.6	1,368.3	1,364.6	1,360.6	-4.0
Nondepository credit intermediation	578.5	601.2	607.0	606.9	580.8	599.9	605.3	608.4	3.1
Activities related to credit intermediation	301.9	316.7	315.6	315.7	301.4	314.3	313.4	314.9	1.5
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	956.6	971.5	975.2	977.2	964.1	971.6	972.7	981.7	9.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,836.4	2,881.3	2,886.2	2,858.4	2,847.0	2,872.0	2,876.6	2,867.3	-9.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,306.8	2,220.9	2,233.6	2,203.9	2,350.6	2,223.6	2,234.6	2,241.7	7.1
Real estate	1,720.6	1,714.3	1,726.7	1,702.5	1,744.0	1,712.5	1,720.5	1,724.4	3.9
Rental and leasing services	563.8	484.0	484.3	479.4	583.4	488.6	491.7	494.8	3.1
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	22.4	22.6	22.6	22.0	23.2	22.5	22.4	22.5	0.1
Professional and business services	21,036	20,580	20,632	20,290	21,437	20,391	20,547	20,644	97
Professional and technical services	9,639.4	9,475.6	9,551.8	9,558.5	9,673.8	9,466.2	9,526.9	9,567.0	40.1
Legal services	1,154.4	1,125.3	1,127.4	1,118.6	1,162.9	1,122.8	1,121.3	1,126.1	4.8
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,069.2	966.3	999.0	1,065.6	1,022.7	997.6	1,000.4	1,004.2	3.8
Architectural and engineering services	1,517.3	1,523.7	1,525.4	1,513.6	1,535.2	1,521.6	1,526.7	1,530.7	4.0
Specialized design services	140.9	135.1	135.2	132.9	143.2	134.0	133.6	134.5	0.9
Computer systems design and related services	2,223.1	2,203.5	2,205.3	2,217.0	2,232.2	2,190.0	2,209.6	2,220.9	11.3
Management and technical consulting services	1,551.7	1,550.5	1,568.1	1,549.8	1,571.6	1,535.5	1,553.9	1,570.0	16.1
Scientific research and development services	749.0	779.3	784.7	787.0	756.5	779.9	784.0	794.0	10.0
Advertising and related services	483.8	437.5	443.8	432.7	488.3	436.2	441.2	435.5	-5.7
Other professional and technical services	750.0	754.4	762.9	741.3	761.4	748.6	756.2	751.1	-5.1
Management of companies and enterprises	2,422.2	2,339.1	2,351.6	2,339.1	2,430.0	2,339.9	2,347.5	2,346.4	-1.1
Administrative and waste services	8,974.3	8,765.7	8,728.2	8,392.3	9,333.2	8,584.8	8,672.1	8,730.5	58.4
Administrative and support services	8,524.8	8,315.7	8,279.9	7,950.4	8,875.3	8,134.8	8,222.2	8,280.7	58.5
Office administrative services	539.7	525.3	528.3	529.8	543.5	523.4	528.7	533.2	4.5
Facilities support services	164.1	153.6	153.4	151.8	166.4	153.3	152.9	153.4	0.5
Employment services(1)	3,455.1	3,323.0	3,388.5	3,185.7	3,598.7	3,176.2	3,255.7	3,318.1	62.4
Temporary help services	2,826.0	2,713.3	2,763.5	2,580.0	2,949.7	2,558.5	2,622.8	2,703.7	80.9
Business support services	869.4	819.8	824.9	806.0	867.3	800.3	803.7	802.7	-1.0
Travel arrangement and reservation services	216.3	148.8	145.5	144.5	221.7	149.1	147.0	148.1	1.1
Investigation and security services	939.6	909.9	899.3	892.6	953.7	903.2	895.2	904.6	9.4
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,014.5	2,138.3	2,039.6	1,945.4	2,192.6	2,130.8	2,135.0	2,121.5	-13.5
Other support services	326.1	297.0	300.4	294.6	331.5	298.5	304.0	299.1	-4.9
Waste management and remediation services	449.5	450.0	448.3	441.9	457.9	450.0	449.9	449.8	-0.1
Education and health services	24,364	23,510	23,401	23,118	24,513	23,278	23,247	23,240	-7
Educational services	3,697.3	3,555.5	3,401.6	3,276.8	3,786.5	3,388.2	3,318.7	3,352.6	33.9
Health care and social assistance	20,667.1	19,954.6	19,999.8	19,840.8	20,726.9	19,889.4	19,928.5	19,887.7	-40.8
Health care(3)	16,412.5	15,979.5	16,040.1	15,910.9	16,460.2	15,935.4	15,979.7	15,950.1	-29.6
Ambulatory health care services	7,821.5	7,708.0	7,737.9	7,683.0	7,850.5	7,680.4	7,703.4	7,706.9	3.5
Offices of physicians	2,710.2	2,672.1	2,682.0	2,662.5	2,716.9	2,660.1	2,664.8	2,668.2	3.4
Offices of dentists	985.7	983.8	987.8	984.2	987.9	981.2	983.5	986.3	2.8
Offices of other health practitioners	993.8	944.2	949.7	948.4	998.2	941.3	946.7	952.6	5.9
Outpatient care centers	996.0	998.8	1,006.8	998.6	996.8	998.4	1,001.9	999.0	-2.9
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	288.8	286.2	289.1	290.9	289.9	286.3	288.1	290.6	2.5
Home health care services	1,529.7	1,516.7	1,514.2	1,487.1	1,540.2	1,508.8	1,509.0	1,495.9	-13.1
Other ambulatory health care services	317.3	306.2	308.3	311.3	320.6	304.3	309.4	314.3	4.9
Hospitals	5,224.4	5,148.2	5,183.3	5,164.4	5,231.0	5,136.3	5,171.9	5,169.8	-2.1
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,366.6	3,123.3	3,118.9	3,063.5	3,378.7	3,118.7	3,104.4	3,073.4	-31.0
Nursing care facilities	1,581.4	1,443.3	1,439.7	1,410.3	1,586.5	1,439.0	1,433.6	1,414.2	-19.4
Residential mental health facilities	647.7	614.0	612.5	606.0	650.2	613.3	611.2	608.2	-3.0
Community care facilities for the elderly	972.1	911.1	912.3	896.6	975.0	911.5	905.7	899.0	-6.7
Other residential care facilities	165.4	154.9	154.4	150.6	167.0	154.9	153.9	152.0	-1.9
Social assistance	4,254.6	3,975.1	3,959.7	3,929.9	4,266.7	3,954.0	3,948.8	3,937.6	-11.2
Individual and family services	2,703.7	2,624.8	2,615.6	2,597.3	2,714.4	2,618.7	2,613.6	2,605.1	-8.5
Emergency and other relief services	185.8	185.4	186.5	182.7	186.4	185.1	183.9	183.4	-0.5
Vocational rehabilitation services	318.2	278.7	276.1	272.8	322.9	280.1	276.6	275.6	-1.0
Child day care services	1,046.9	886.2	881.5	877.1	1,043.0	870.1	874.7	873.5	-1.2
Leisure and hospitality	16,117	13,418	12,858	12,497	16,858	13,632	13,096	13,035	-61
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,245.9	1,698.8	1,603.4	1,528.8	2,502.5	1,816.5	1,713.6	1,690.4	-23.2
Performing arts and spectator sports	463.1	320.4	309.5	289.1	525.8	329.3	320.2	325.4	5.2
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	161.3	129.8	128.2	121.5	175.3	133.5	133.0	131.5	-1.5
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,621.5	1,248.6	1,165.7	1,118.2	1,801.4	1,353.7	1,260.4	1,233.5	-26.9
Accommodation and food services	13,871.5	11,719.2	11,254.1	10,967.8	14,355.0	11,815.6	11,381.9	11,344.2	-37.7
Accommodation	2,007.6	1,411.3	1,377.2	1,336.2	2,108.3	1,453.6	1,422.1	1,403.8	-18.3
Food services and drinking places	11,863.9	10,307.9	9,876.9	9,631.6	12,246.7	10,362.0	9,959.8	9,940.4	-19.4
Other services	5,856	5,475	5,446	5,410	5,930	5,485	5,467	5,474	7
Repair and maintenance	1,341.8	1,309.9	1,305.2	1,299.3	1,359.5	1,311.9	1,312.4	1,313.6	1.2
Personal and laundry services	1,541.9	1,311.1	1,298.4	1,285.7	1,561.9	1,311.6	1,298.0	1,302.8	4.8
Membership associations and organizations	2,972.0	2,853.6	2,842.7	2,825.0	3,009.0	2,861.6	2,856.1	2,857.9	1.8
Government	22,650	21,993	21,811	21,395	22,789	21,488	21,465	21,508	43
Federal	2,835	2,895	2,904	2,851	2,852	2,888	2,889	2,865	-24
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,233.4	2,281.0	2,279.6	2,248.6	2,247.9	2,283.7	2,285.1	2,261.0	-24.1
U.S. Postal Service	601.5	613.8	624.7	602.1	604.2	604.2	604.3	604.1	-0.2
State government	5,185	5,112	5,049	4,875	5,284	4,931	4,940	4,971	31
State government education	2,494.2	2,432.3	2,373.0	2,209.7	2,578.5	2,245.3	2,255.5	2,291.6	36.1
State government, excluding education	2,690.3	2,679.5	2,676.1	2,665.1	2,705.0	2,685.8	2,684.9	2,679.2	-5.7
Local government	14,630	13,986	13,858	13,669	14,653	13,669	13,636	13,672	36
Local government education	8,138.3	7,677.4	7,635.8	7,503.8	8,024.5	7,334.8	7,328.1	7,377.5	49.4
Local government, excluding education	6,491.8	6,308.4	6,222.6	6,164.7	6,628.8	6,333.8	6,307.8	6,294.5	-13.3
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.3	34.8	34.7	35.0
Goods-producing	40.2	39.9	39.9	40.1
Mining and logging	45.6	45.0	44.8	45.1
Construction	39.2	39.0	39.2	39.3
Manufacturing	40.4	40.3	40.1	40.4
Durable goods	40.9	40.5	40.4	40.8
Nondurable goods	39.7	39.8	39.7	39.7
Private service-providing	33.2	33.7	33.7	33.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	34.5	34.1	34.5
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.6	38.7	39.1
Retail trade	30.3	30.9	30.4	30.8
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	39.0	38.9	39.2
Utilities	42.5	43.1	42.8	42.8
Information	36.2	36.9	37.0	37.1
Financial activities	37.7	37.8	37.8	37.8
Professional and business services	36.1	36.7	36.7	37.0
Education and health services	33.0	33.4	33.5	33.6
Leisure and hospitality	25.9	25.7	25.2	25.8
Other services	31.9	32.4	32.4	32.5
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.2
Durable goods	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1
Nondurable goods	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)
Total private	$28.43	$29.61	$29.90	$29.96	$975.15	$1,030.43	$1,037.53	$1,048.60
Goods-producing	29.48	30.23	30.29	30.31	1,185.10	1,206.18	1,208.57	1,215.43
Mining and logging	34.24	34.47	34.62	34.47	1,561.34	1,551.15	1,550.98	1,554.60
Construction	31.23	31.97	32.06	32.11	1,224.22	1,246.83	1,256.75	1,261.92
Manufacturing	28.18	28.99	29.00	29.02	1,138.47	1,168.30	1,162.90	1,172.41
Durable goods	29.62	30.51	30.49	30.51	1,211.46	1,235.66	1,231.80	1,244.81
Nondurable goods	25.70	26.45	26.51	26.52	1,020.29	1,052.71	1,052.45	1,052.84
Private service-providing	28.18	29.47	29.81	29.88	935.58	993.14	1,004.60	1,012.93
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24.60	25.47	25.65	25.89	836.40	878.72	874.67	893.21
Wholesale trade	31.73	32.76	32.89	32.96	1,231.12	1,264.54	1,272.84	1,288.74
Retail trade	20.12	21.15	21.30	21.77	609.64	653.54	647.52	670.52
Transportation and warehousing	24.91	25.48	25.72	25.66	954.05	993.72	1,000.51	1,005.87
Utilities	42.37	44.37	44.14	44.23	1,800.73	1,912.35	1,889.19	1,893.04
Information	42.85	44.40	44.32	44.62	1,551.17	1,638.36	1,639.84	1,655.40
Financial activities	36.64	38.79	39.08	39.34	1,381.33	1,466.26	1,477.22	1,487.05
Professional and business services	34.31	35.44	35.56	35.62	1,238.59	1,300.65	1,305.05	1,317.94
Education and health services	27.86	28.86	29.45	29.28	919.38	963.92	986.58	983.81
Leisure and hospitality	16.85	17.09	17.15	17.24	436.42	439.21	432.18	444.79
Other services	25.54	26.69	26.81	26.87	814.73	864.76	868.64	873.28
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2020 - Jan. 2021(p)	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2020 - Jan. 2021(p)
Total private	111.5	106.0	105.5	106.4	0.9	151.5	150.0	150.8	152.4	1.1
Goods-producing	96.6	91.6	91.9	92.4	0.5	128.7	125.1	125.8	126.5	0.6
Mining and logging	98.7	84.4	84.5	86.3	2.1	135.7	116.8	117.4	119.4	1.7
Construction	102.9	98.9	99.9	100.1	0.2	139.6	137.3	139.2	139.7	0.4
Manufacturing	93.0	88.4	88.2	88.8	0.7	121.8	119.2	119.0	119.8	0.7
Durable goods	92.1	86.4	86.4	87.1	0.8	121.2	117.1	117.0	118.0	0.9
Nondurable goods	94.9	91.7	91.7	91.9	0.2	123.8	123.1	123.4	123.6	0.2
Private service-providing	115.8	109.8	109.5	110.1	0.5	158.6	157.2	158.6	159.9	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103.3	101.6	100.9	101.9	1.0	137.1	139.5	139.5	142.2	1.9
Wholesale trade	101.0	95.4	95.9	97.1	1.3	134.0	130.7	131.9	133.9	1.5
Retail trade	96.0	94.9	94.2	95.2	1.1	127.7	132.7	132.6	137.0	3.3
Transportation and warehousing	127.6	128.0	127.1	127.5	0.3	161.7	165.9	166.3	166.4	0.1
Utilities	100.7	100.6	99.7	99.8	0.1	141.0	147.5	145.4	145.9	0.3
Information	96.2	89.3	89.7	90.5	0.9	146.8	141.2	141.6	143.8	1.6
Financial activities	109.3	108.4	108.7	108.8	0.1	156.2	164.1	165.6	166.9	0.8
Professional and business services	121.3	117.3	118.2	119.8	1.4	168.6	168.4	170.2	172.7	1.5
Education and health services	132.1	127.0	127.2	127.5	0.2	177.0	176.3	180.2	179.6	-0.3
Leisure and hospitality	124.6	100.0	94.2	96.0	1.9	169.4	137.8	130.3	133.5	2.5
Other services	109.1	102.5	102.1	102.6	0.5	152.7	149.9	150.1	151.1	0.7
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)
Total nonfarm	76,161	71,100	70,904	70,991	50.0	49.8	49.7	49.8
Total private	62,999	58,723	58,566	58,609	48.7	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,750	4,562	4,578	4,581	22.5	22.6	22.6	22.7
Mining and logging	91	83	84	83	13.2	13.9	14.0	13.6
Construction	990	978	982	981	13.0	13.3	13.3	13.3
Manufacturing	3,669	3,501	3,512	3,517	28.7	28.7	28.7	28.8
Durable goods	1,946	1,857	1,860	1,858	24.3	24.5	24.5	24.5
Nondurable goods	1,723	1,644	1,652	1,659	36.0	35.6	35.7	35.8
Private service-providing	58,249	54,161	53,988	54,028	53.8	53.5	53.5	53.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,142	10,619	10,691	10,666	40.0	39.4	39.4	39.4
Wholesale trade	1,775.3	1,678.1	1,679.2	1,694.4	30.1	30.0	29.9	30.1
Retail trade	7,725.8	7,365.2	7,420.7	7,400.3	49.5	48.7	48.6	48.6
Transportation and warehousing	1,508.0	1,441.6	1,457.1	1,437.1	26.0	25.2	25.6	25.4
Utilities	133.1	134.1	133.9	134.5	24.3	24.9	24.9	24.9
Information	1,152	1,058	1,062	1,071	39.6	39.9	40.0	40.1
Financial activities	5,006	4,957	4,959	4,955	56.6	56.6	56.5	56.4
Professional and business services	9,830	9,365	9,450	9,498	45.9	45.9	46.0	46.0
Education and health services	18,970	17,986	17,978	17,996	77.4	77.3	77.3	77.4
Leisure and hospitality	8,979	7,262	6,952	6,939	53.3	53.3	53.1	53.2
Other services	3,170	2,914	2,896	2,903	53.5	53.1	53.0	53.0
Government	13,162	12,377	12,338	12,382	57.8	57.6	57.5	57.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)
Total private	106,444	98,926	98,729	98,624
Goods-producing	15,084	14,301	14,385	14,357
Mining and logging	496	428	431	437
Construction	5,672	5,432	5,474	5,442
Manufacturing	8,916	8,441	8,480	8,478
Durable goods	5,488	5,137	5,158	5,152
Nondurable goods	3,428	3,304	3,322	3,326
Private service-providing	91,360	84,625	84,344	84,267
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,555	22,859	22,985	22,931
Wholesale trade	4,723.8	4,447.2	4,454.1	4,479.5
Retail trade	13,312.5	12,920.5	13,049.6	13,041.8
Transportation and warehousing	5,079.2	5,063.2	5,055.5	4,981.6
Utilities	439.5	427.9	425.8	428.4
Information	2,334	2,084	2,089	2,117
Financial activities	6,848	6,671	6,665	6,654
Professional and business services	17,390	16,414	16,535	16,607
Education and health services	21,528	20,381	20,368	20,352
Leisure and hospitality	14,804	11,753	11,251	11,161
Other services	4,901	4,463	4,451	4,445
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.6	34.2	34.2	34.4
Goods-producing	41.0	40.7	40.9	41.1
Mining and logging	46.0	46.0	45.7	45.7
Construction	39.9	39.3	39.8	40.1
Manufacturing	41.4	41.3	41.3	41.5
Durable goods	41.7	41.5	41.5	41.8
Nondurable goods	40.9	40.9	41.1	41.0
Private service-providing	32.4	33.1	33.0	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	34.4	34.0	34.3
Wholesale trade	38.6	38.5	38.4	38.9
Retail trade	30.4	31.0	30.5	30.6
Transportation and warehousing	38.0	39.0	38.6	39.2
Utilities	42.8	42.6	42.4	42.3
Information	35.1	37.3	36.5	36.5
Financial activities	37.0	37.3	37.4	37.5
Professional and business services	35.5	36.2	36.3	36.3
Education and health services	32.2	32.8	32.9	32.9
Leisure and hospitality	24.7	24.3	23.9	24.6
Other services	31.0	31.4	31.4	31.5
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1
Durable goods	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1
Nondurable goods	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)
Total private	$23.88	$24.93	$25.15	$25.18	$802.37	$852.61	$860.13	$866.19
Goods-producing	25.08	25.69	25.80	25.89	1,028.28	1,045.58	1,055.22	1,064.08
Mining and logging	30.29	29.87	30.03	30.90	1,393.34	1,374.02	1,372.37	1,412.13
Construction	28.92	29.55	29.65	29.72	1,153.91	1,161.32	1,180.07	1,191.77
Manufacturing	22.41	23.10	23.17	23.22	927.77	954.03	956.92	963.63
Durable goods	23.37	24.14	24.22	24.31	974.53	1,001.81	1,005.13	1,016.16
Nondurable goods	20.84	21.44	21.52	21.51	852.36	876.90	884.47	881.91
Private service-providing	23.63	24.77	25.02	25.03	765.61	819.89	825.66	831.00
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20.89	21.62	21.75	21.86	708.17	743.73	739.50	749.80
Wholesale trade	26.23	27.08	27.11	27.17	1,012.48	1,042.58	1,041.02	1,056.91
Retail trade	16.92	17.92	18.00	18.17	514.37	555.52	549.00	556.00
Transportation and warehousing	22.52	22.79	23.09	23.09	855.76	888.81	891.27	905.13
Utilities	37.67	39.17	39.00	39.00	1,612.28	1,668.64	1,653.60	1,649.70
Information	34.51	36.24	36.19	36.47	1,211.30	1,351.75	1,320.94	1,331.16
Financial activities	28.17	29.68	29.70	29.99	1,042.29	1,107.06	1,110.78	1,124.63
Professional and business services	28.35	29.48	29.63	29.64	1,006.43	1,067.18	1,075.57	1,075.93
Education and health services	24.70	25.83	26.29	26.06	795.34	847.22	864.94	857.37
Leisure and hospitality	14.84	14.70	14.65	14.80	366.55	357.21	350.14	364.08
Other services	21.74	22.80	22.91	22.97	673.94	715.92	719.37	723.56
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2020 - Jan. 2021(p)	Jan. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020(p)	Jan. 2021(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2020 - Jan. 2021(p)
Total private	119.2	112.7	112.5	113.1	0.5	190.2	187.9	189.1	190.3	0.6
Goods-producing	94.5	88.9	89.9	90.2	0.3	145.1	139.9	142.0	142.9	0.6
Mining and logging	121.2	104.6	104.7	106.1	1.3	213.6	181.8	182.8	190.7	4.3
Construction	113.3	106.9	109.1	109.3	0.2	177.0	170.6	174.6	175.3	0.4
Manufacturing	84.7	80.0	80.4	80.8	0.5	124.2	120.9	121.8	122.6	0.7
Durable goods	86.0	80.1	80.4	80.9	0.6	125.4	120.7	121.6	122.8	1.0
Nondurable goods	82.6	79.6	80.4	80.3	-0.1	121.7	120.6	122.3	122.1	-0.2
Private service-providing	126.1	119.3	118.6	119.2	0.5	204.4	202.8	203.5	204.6	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	111.7	110.0	109.3	110.0	0.6	166.7	169.9	169.9	171.8	1.1
Wholesale trade	108.2	101.6	101.5	103.4	1.9	167.5	162.4	162.4	165.8	2.1
Retail trade	102.4	101.4	100.7	101.0	0.3	148.5	155.6	155.4	157.2	1.2
Transportation and warehousing	146.1	149.4	147.7	147.8	0.1	209.4	216.8	217.1	217.2	0.0
Utilities	96.2	93.2	92.3	92.7	0.4	151.3	152.4	150.3	150.9	0.4
Information	93.5	88.7	87.0	88.2	1.4	159.7	159.2	155.9	159.2	2.1
Financial activities	119.3	117.1	117.3	117.4	0.1	206.7	213.8	214.4	216.7	1.1
Professional and business services	138.0	132.9	134.2	134.8	0.4	232.7	232.9	236.5	237.6	0.5
Education and health services	147.8	142.5	142.9	142.8	-0.1	241.0	243.0	247.9	245.6	-0.9
Leisure and hospitality	133.9	104.6	98.5	100.6	2.1	225.7	174.6	163.9	169.0	3.1
Other services	106.6	98.3	98.0	98.2	0.2	168.8	163.3	163.6	164.3	0.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.