Employment Situation News Release

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until		USDL-20-0180
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, February 7, 2020

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

(NOTE: BLS reissued this news release on September 23, 2020, to address minor data
errors associated with the introduction in January 2020 of a new occupation 
classification system. The corrections affected a limited number of data series 
presented in tables A-8, A-9, A-13, and A-14 of this release; for the vast majority
of these series, the impact was negligible. Most major series, including the official
unemployment rate, were not affected. Estimates in the BLS online database were 
corrected for January�July 2020. For more information on these corrections, see 
www.bls.gov/bls/errata/revision-to-current-population-survey-estimates-for-January-
through-July-2020.htm.)


		        THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JANUARY 2020


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 225,000 in January, and the unemployment rate
was little changed at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
Notable job gains occurred in construction, in health care, and in transportation and
warehousing. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics.
The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry.
For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two
surveys, see the Technical Note.
		 
 ___________________________________________________________________________________
| 									            |
|                Changes to The Employment Situation Data		            |
|									            |
|   Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual           |
|   benchmarking process and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. In        |
|   addition, several changes have been made to household survey data, including    |
|   the annual update of population estimates. See the notes at the end of the      |
|   news release for more information.                                              |
|___________________________________________________________________________________|


Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.6 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at
5.9 million, changed little in January. (See table A-1. For information about annual
population adjustments to the household survey estimates, see the note at the end of
the news release and tables B and C.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.3 percent), 
adult women (3.2 percent), teenagers (12.2 percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks
(6.0 percent), Asians (3.0 percent), and Hispanics (4.3 percent) showed little or
no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of reentrants to the labor force increased by
183,000 in January to 1.8 million but was little changed over the year. (Reentrants
are persons who previously worked but were not in the labor force prior to beginning
their job search.) (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.2 million,
was unchanged in January. These individuals accounted for 19.9 percent of the unemployed.
(See table A-12.)

After accounting for the annual adjustments to the population controls, the civilian
labor force rose by 574,000 in January, and the labor force participation rate edged 
up by 0.2 percentage point to 63.4 percent. The employment-population ratio, at 61.2
percent, changed little over the month but was up by 0.5 percentage point over the year.
(See table A-1. For additional information about the effects of the population adjustments,
see table C.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.2 million, was
essentially unchanged in January. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time
employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were
unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.3 million, changed
little in January. These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available
for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted
as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey
for a variety of reasons, such as belief that no jobs are available for them (referred
to as discouraged workers), school attendance, or family responsibilities. Discouraged
workers numbered 337,000 in January, little changed over the month. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 225,000 in January, compared with an
average monthly gain of 175,000 in 2019. Notable job gains occurred in construction,
in health care, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1. For information
about the annual benchmark process, see the note at the end of the news release and table A.)

In January, construction employment rose by 44,000. Most of the gain occurred in specialty
trade contractors, with increases in both the residential (+18,000) and nonresidential
(+17,000) components. Construction added an average of 12,000 jobs per month in 2019. 

Health care added 36,000 jobs in January, with gains in ambulatory health care services
(+23,000) and hospitals (+10,000). Health care has added 361,000 jobs over the past 12 months. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 28,000 in January. Job gains
occurred in couriers and messengers (+14,000) and in warehousing and storage (+6,000).
Over the year, employment in transportation and warehousing has increased by 106,000. 

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in January (+36,000). Over
the past 6 months, the industry has added 288,000 jobs. 

Employment continued on an upward trend in professional and business services in January
(+21,000), increasing by 390,000 over the past 12 months. 

Manufacturing employment changed little in January (-12,000) and has shown little movement,
on net, over the past 12 months. Motor vehicles and parts lost 11,000 jobs over the month. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, wholesale trade, retail trade,
information, financial activities, and government, changed little over the month.

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by
7 cents to $28.44. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by
3.1 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees
were $23.87 in January, little changed over the month (+3 cents). (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3
hours in January. In manufacturing, the average workweek remained at 40.4 hours, while
overtime edged down 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek of private-sector production
and nonsupervisory employees edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised up by 5,000 from
+256,000 to +261,000, and the change for December was revised up by 2,000 from +145,000 to
+147,000. With these revisions, employment gains in November and December combined were
7,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports
received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from
the recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual benchmark process also contributed to the
November and December revisions.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 211,000 over the
last 3 months. 

_____________
The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on
Friday, March 6, 2020, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).


 ____________________________________________________________________________________
|										     |
|                     Changes to Household Survey Data 				     |
|										     |
|   Effective with this news release, two not seasonally adjusted series previously  |
|   displayed in Summary table A--persons marginally attached to the labor force and |
|   discouraged workers--have been replaced with new seasonally adjusted series. The |
|   new seasonally adjusted series are available in the BLS online database back to  |
|   1994. Not seasonally adjusted data for persons marginally attached to the labor  |
|   force and for discouraged workers will continue to be published in table A-16.   |
|   These series are also available in the BLS online database back to 1994.         |
|                                                                                    |
|   Persons marginally attached to the labor force and discouraged workers are       |
|   inputs into three alternative measures of labor underutilization displayed in    |
|   table A-15. Effective with this news release, data for U-4, U-5, and U-6 in      |
|   table A-15 reflect the new seasonally adjusted series. Changes to historical     |
|   data were negligible. Revised data back to 1994 are available in the BLS online  |
|   database. Not seasonally adjusted series for the alternative measures are        |
|   unaffected.									     |
|										     |
|   Effective with data for January 2020, occupation estimates in table A-13         |
|   reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupation classification system     |
|   into the household survey. This occupation classification system is derived      |
|   from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Historical      |
|   data have not been revised. Beginning with data for January 2020, occupation     |
|   estimates are not strictly comparable with earlier years.                        |
|                                                                                    |
|   In addition, industry estimates in table A-14 reflect the introduction of the    |
|   2017 Census industry classification system, which is derived from the 2017       | 
|   North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The classification        |
|   changes are minor and do not involve re-classification of industries between     |
|   the broader industry sectors.                                                    |
|										     |
|   Beginning with data for January 2020, marital status estimates are not strictly  |
|   comparable with earlier years. Estimates of married persons now refer to those   |
|   in opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to January 2020, these estimates   |
|   referred only to those in opposite-sex marriages. Persons with a same-sex	     |
|   spouse were previously classified in other marital status categories, such as    |
|   "women who maintain families." These changes affect marital status estimates in  |
|   tables A-9 and A-10. (Note that not all marital status categories are presented  |
|   in these tables. BLS has not separately tabulated estimates for persons with an  |
|   opposite-sex spouse and persons with a same-sex spouse.) Historical data have    |
|   not been revised.						                     |
|____________________________________________________________________________________|


                     Revisions to Establishment Survey Data


In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today
have been benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2019.
These counts are derived principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
(QCEW), which counts jobs covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. The
benchmark process results in revisions to not seasonally adjusted data from April 2018
forward. BLS revised seasonally adjusted data from January 2015 forward. In addition,
both seasonally adjusted and unadjusted data for some series incorporate other
revisions prior to 2015.  

The total nonfarm employment level for March 2019 was revised downward by 514,000
(-505,000 on a not seasonally adjusted basis), or -0.3 percent. The absolute average
benchmark revision over the past 10 years is 0.2 percent. 

The over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for 2019 was revised from 
+2,108,000 to +2,096,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total nonfarm
employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2019.

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/ces/data/home.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark
and post-benchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.


Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2019, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                                   |                                
                 |                Level              |      Over-the-month change     
                 |---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Year and month  |           |    As     |           |           |    As    |           
                 |    As     |previously | Difference|    As     |previously| Difference
                 |  revised  |published  |           |  revised  |published |           
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
       2019      |           |           |           |           |          |           
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
January......... |  150,134  |  150,587  |    -453   |    269    |    312   |   -43
February........ |  150,135  |  150,643  |    -508   |      1    |     56   |   -55
March........... |  150,282  |  150,796  |    -514   |    147    |    153   |    -6
April........... |  150,492  |  151,012  |    -520   |    210    |    216   |    -6
May............. |  150,577  |  151,074  |    -497   |     85    |     62   |    23
June............ |  150,759  |  151,252  |    -493   |    182    |    178   |     4
July............ |  150,953  |  151,418  |    -465   |    194    |    166   |    28
August.......... |  151,160  |  151,637  |    -477   |    207    |    219   |   -12
September....... |  151,368  |  151,830  |    -462   |    208    |    193   |    15
October......... |  151,553  |  151,982  |    -429   |    185    |    152   |    33
November........ |  151,814  |  152,238  |    -424   |    261    |    256   |     5
December(p)..... |  151,961  |  152,383  |    -422   |    147    |    145   |     2 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


                Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey


Effective with data for January 2020, updated population estimates were incorporated into
the household survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the
U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new
information and assumptions about the growth of the population since the previous decennial
census. The change in population reflected in the new estimates results from adjustments
for net international migration, updated vital statistics, and estimation methodology
improvements. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates
for December 2019 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population adjustments,
however, differences in selected December 2019 labor force series based on the old and new
population estimates are shown in table B.

The adjustments decreased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population in
December by 811,000, the civilian labor force by 524,000, employment by 507,000, and
unemployment by 17,000. The number of persons not in the labor force was decreased by 287,000.
The total unemployment rate, employment-population ratio, and labor force participation rate
were unaffected.

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the comparability
of household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new
population estimates on the comparison of selected labor force measures between December 2019
and January 2020. Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect on
national labor force estimates is available at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf. 

Population controls for veterans, which are derived from a Department of Veterans Affairs' 
population model and are updated periodically, have also been updated with the release of
data for January 2020. Historical data have not been revised.



    Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2019 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted 
(Numbers in thousands)
    
        
            Category
            Total
            Men
            Women
            White
            Black or 
 African 
 Ameri- 
 can
            Asian
            Hispanic or 
 Latino 
 ethnicity
        
    
    
        
            Civilian noninstitutional population
            -811
            -403
            -408
            -461
            -59
            -273
            -323

        
        
              Civilian labor force
            -524
            -289
            -235
            -297
            -41
            -171
            -219

        
        
			      Participation rate
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            -0.1

        
        
                Employed
            -507
            -279
            -227
            -287
            -39
            -167
            -210

        
        
        	      Employment-population ratio
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0

        
        
        	    Unemployed
        	 -17
        	-10
        	-9
        	-10
        	-2
        	-4
        	-9

        
        
        	      Unemployment rate
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0
            0

        
        
              Not in labor force
            -287
            -115
            -172
            -164
            -18
            -102
            -104

        
    
    
		
			
				
					NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

				
			
		
    





    Table C. December 2019-January 2020 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for population control effects 
(Numbers in thousands)
    
        
            Category
            Dec.-Jan. 
 change, as 
 published
            2020 
 population 
 control effect
            Dec.-Jan. change, after 
 removing the 
 population control 
 effect(1)
        
    
    
        
            Civilian noninstitutional population
            -679
            -811
            132

        
        
              Civilian labor force
            50
            -524
            574

        
        
			      Participation rate
            0.2
            0
            0.2

        
        
                Employed
            -89
            -507
            418

        
        
        	      Employment-population ratio
            0.2
            0
            0.2

        
        
        	    Unemployed
        	 139
        	-17
        	156

        
        
        	      Unemployment rate
            0.1
            0
            0.1

        
        
              Not in labor force
            -729
            -287
            -442

        
    
    
		
			
				
						(1) This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

				
			
		
		
			
				
					NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2019 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Category	Total	Men	Women	White	Black or African Ameri- can	Asian	Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	-811	-403	-408	-461	-59	-273	-323
Civilian labor force	-524	-289	-235	-297	-41	-171	-219
Participation rate	0	0	0	0	0	0	-0.1
Employed	-507	-279	-227	-287	-39	-167	-210
Employment-population ratio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Unemployed	-17	-10	-9	-10	-2	-4	-9
Unemployment rate	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not in labor force	-287	-115	-172	-164	-18	-102	-104
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Table C. December 2019-January 2020 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for population control effects
(Numbers in thousands)
Category	Dec.-Jan. change, as published	2020 population control effect	Dec.-Jan. change, after removing the population control effect(1)
Civilian noninstitutional population	-679	-811	132
Civilian labor force	50	-524	574
Participation rate	0.2	0	0.2
Employed	-89	-507	418
Employment-population ratio	0.2	0	0.2
Unemployed	139	-17	156
Unemployment rate	0.1	0	0.1
Not in labor force	-729	-287	-442
(1) This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Change from: Dec. 2019- Jan. 2020
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	258,239	260,020	260,181	259,502	-
Civilian labor force	163,142	164,347	164,556	164,606	-
Participation rate	63.2	63.2	63.2	63.4	-
Employed	156,627	158,536	158,803	158,714	-
Employment-population ratio	60.7	61.0	61.0	61.2	-
Unemployed	6,516	5,811	5,753	5,892	-
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.5	3.5	3.6	-
Not in labor force	95,097	95,673	95,625	94,896	-

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.0	3.5	3.5	3.6	-
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.7	3.2	3.1	3.3	-
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.6	3.2	3.2	3.2	-
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.9	12.0	12.6	12.2	-
White	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.1	-
Black or African American	6.8	5.6	5.9	6.0	-
Asian	3.1	2.6	2.5	3.0	-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.8	4.2	4.2	4.3	-

Total, 25 years and over	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.9	-
Less than a high school diploma	5.7	5.3	5.2	5.5	-
High school graduates, no college	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.8	-
Some college or associate degree	3.4	2.9	2.7	2.8	-
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.4	2.0	1.9	2.0	-

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,060	2,804	2,686	2,665	-
Job leavers	816	776	829	836	-
Reentrants	1,944	1,663	1,655	1,838	-
New entrants	607	581	551	557	-

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,319	2,026	2,065	2,059	-
5 to 14 weeks	1,999	1,753	1,730	1,755	-
15 to 26 weeks	898	865	812	887	-
27 weeks and over	1,259	1,219	1,186	1,166	-

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	5,105	4,288	4,148	4,182	-
Slack work or business conditions	3,402	2,634	2,657	2,655	-
Could only find part-time work	1,413	1,259	1,215	1,294	-
Part time for noneconomic reasons	20,984	21,532	21,586	22,154	-

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,498	1,244	1,230	1,342	-
Discouraged workers	418	316	289	337	-
- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	269	261	147	225
Total private	258	247	142	206
Goods-producing	75	45	-5	32
Mining and logging	5	-11	-11	0
Construction	50	-2	11	44
Manufacturing	20	58	-5	-12
Durable goods(1)	21	45	-1	-11
Motor vehicles and parts	-0.3	40.5	1.3	-10.6
Nondurable goods	-1	13	-4	-1
Private service-providing	183	202	147	174
Wholesale trade	6.3	3.0	9.5	8.4
Retail trade	-7.9	-13.9	44.9	-8.3
Transportation and warehousing	46.8	22.6	3.9	28.3
Utilities	0.1	1.0	0.7	-1.4
Information	-11	9	8	5
Financial activities	11	12	5	-1
Professional and business services(1)	-2	37	14	21
Temporary help services	-28.2	2.6	5.9	-1.5
Education and health services(1)	56	73	22	72
Health care and social assistance	37.6	56.7	25.0	47.2
Leisure and hospitality	81	43	36	36
Other services	3	16	3	14
Government	11	14	5	19

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	195	218	198	211
Total private	188	211	193	198

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.7	50.0	50.0	50.0
Total private women employees	48.3	48.6	48.7	48.7
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.2	82.2	82.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.5	34.3	34.3	34.3
Average hourly earnings	$27.58	$28.34	$28.37	$28.44
Average weekly earnings	$951.51	$972.06	$973.09	$975.49
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	110.5	111.2	111.3	111.5
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	145.8	150.7	151.0	151.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.4

DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	62.2	63.4	55.6	59.7
Manufacturing (76 industries)	59.2	61.8	46.1	46.7
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on
payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
businesses-pay-workers.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Jan. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	258,239	260,181	259,502	258,239	259,638	259,845	260,020	260,181	259,502
Civilian labor force	162,104	164,007	163,497	163,142	164,051	164,401	164,347	164,556	164,606
Participation rate	62.8	63.0	63.0	63.2	63.2	63.3	63.2	63.2	63.4
Employed	154,964	158,504	156,994	156,627	158,298	158,544	158,536	158,803	158,714
Employment-population ratio	60.0	60.9	60.5	60.7	61.0	61.0	61.0	61.0	61.2
Unemployed	7,140	5,503	6,504	6,516	5,753	5,857	5,811	5,753	5,892
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.4	4.0	4.0	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6
Not in labor force	96,135	96,174	96,004	95,097	95,587	95,444	95,673	95,625	94,896
Persons who currently want a job	5,435	4,643	5,107	5,239	4,861	4,756	4,832	4,832	4,904

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	124,890	125,852	125,513	124,890	125,583	125,687	125,773	125,852	125,513
Civilian labor force	85,829	86,500	86,331	86,543	86,855	86,901	87,104	87,049	87,088
Participation rate	68.7	68.7	68.8	69.3	69.2	69.1	69.3	69.2	69.4
Employed	81,798	83,467	82,701	83,012	83,747	83,776	84,018	84,034	83,940
Employment-population ratio	65.5	66.3	65.9	66.5	66.7	66.7	66.8	66.8	66.9
Unemployed	4,031	3,033	3,629	3,530	3,109	3,126	3,086	3,015	3,147
Unemployment rate	4.7	3.5	4.2	4.1	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6
Not in labor force	39,060	39,352	39,183	38,347	38,728	38,786	38,669	38,803	38,426

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	116,436	117,413	117,110	116,436	117,140	117,242	117,331	117,413	117,110
Civilian labor force	83,139	83,628	83,600	83,586	83,841	83,911	84,057	84,008	84,087
Participation rate	71.4	71.2	71.4	71.8	71.6	71.6	71.6	71.5	71.8
Employed	79,504	80,940	80,358	80,474	81,146	81,196	81,377	81,390	81,345
Employment-population ratio	68.3	68.9	68.6	69.1	69.3	69.3	69.4	69.3	69.5
Unemployed	3,635	2,688	3,241	3,112	2,695	2,715	2,679	2,618	2,743
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.2	3.9	3.7	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.3
Not in labor force	33,296	33,785	33,511	32,850	33,300	33,330	33,274	33,405	33,023

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	133,350	134,329	133,988	133,350	134,054	134,158	134,247	134,329	133,988
Civilian labor force	76,275	77,507	77,167	76,600	77,195	77,500	77,243	77,507	77,518
Participation rate	57.2	57.7	57.6	57.4	57.6	57.8	57.5	57.7	57.9
Employed	73,166	75,036	74,292	73,614	74,551	74,769	74,518	74,769	74,774
Employment-population ratio	54.9	55.9	55.4	55.2	55.6	55.7	55.5	55.7	55.8
Unemployed	3,109	2,471	2,874	2,985	2,644	2,731	2,725	2,738	2,744
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.2	3.7	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
Not in labor force	57,075	56,822	56,822	56,750	56,859	56,658	57,004	56,822	56,470

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,099	126,082	125,770	125,099	125,806	125,907	125,998	126,082	125,770
Civilian labor force	73,485	74,730	74,320	73,643	74,313	74,542	74,291	74,584	74,512
Participation rate	58.7	59.3	59.1	58.9	59.1	59.2	59.0	59.2	59.2
Employed	70,731	72,534	71,785	71,004	71,990	72,130	71,881	72,200	72,097
Employment-population ratio	56.5	57.5	57.1	56.8	57.2	57.3	57.0	57.3	57.3
Unemployed	2,754	2,196	2,535	2,639	2,323	2,411	2,411	2,383	2,415
Unemployment rate	3.7	2.9	3.4	3.6	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
Not in labor force	51,615	51,352	51,450	51,456	51,493	51,365	51,706	51,498	51,258

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,704	16,686	16,622	16,704	16,691	16,696	16,692	16,686	16,622
Civilian labor force	5,480	5,649	5,578	5,913	5,897	5,948	5,999	5,964	6,007
Participation rate	32.8	33.9	33.6	35.4	35.3	35.6	35.9	35.7	36.1
Employed	4,729	5,029	4,851	5,149	5,162	5,218	5,278	5,213	5,273
Employment-population ratio	28.3	30.1	29.2	30.8	30.9	31.3	31.6	31.2	31.7
Unemployed	751	619	727	765	735	730	721	752	734
Unemployment rate	13.7	11.0	13.0	12.9	12.5	12.3	12.0	12.6	12.2
Not in labor force	11,224	11,038	11,044	10,791	10,794	10,748	10,693	10,722	10,614
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Jan. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	200,382	201,326	200,918	200,382	201,062	201,172	201,254	201,326	200,918
Civilian labor force	125,516	126,758	126,487	126,261	127,018	127,122	127,191	127,197	127,288
Participation rate	62.6	63.0	63.0	63.0	63.2	63.2	63.2	63.2	63.4
Employed	120,542	122,919	122,058	121,812	122,955	123,028	123,077	123,175	123,332
Employment-population ratio	60.2	61.1	60.8	60.8	61.2	61.2	61.2	61.2	61.4
Unemployed	4,974	3,839	4,429	4,448	4,063	4,094	4,115	4,022	3,957
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.0	3.5	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.1
Not in labor force	74,866	74,568	74,431	74,121	74,044	74,050	74,063	74,129	73,630
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,684	65,827	65,925	66,034	66,109	66,115	66,204	66,076	66,279
Participation rate	71.6	71.4	71.6	72.0	71.8	71.7	71.8	71.6	72.0
Employed	63,112	63,897	63,599	63,869	64,224	64,173	64,247	64,238	64,341
Employment-population ratio	68.8	69.3	69.1	69.6	69.7	69.6	69.7	69.6	69.9
Unemployed	2,572	1,930	2,326	2,165	1,886	1,941	1,957	1,839	1,938
Unemployment rate	3.9	2.9	3.5	3.3	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,612	56,509	56,255	55,650	56,348	56,399	56,299	56,429	56,324
Participation rate	57.7	58.4	58.2	57.8	58.3	58.3	58.2	58.3	58.3
Employed	53,733	55,086	54,639	53,895	54,709	54,755	54,666	54,827	54,807
Employment-population ratio	55.8	56.9	56.5	55.9	56.6	56.6	56.5	56.6	56.7
Unemployed	1,879	1,423	1,616	1,755	1,639	1,644	1,633	1,602	1,517
Unemployment rate	3.4	2.5	2.9	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,219	4,423	4,308	4,577	4,561	4,608	4,688	4,692	4,686
Participation rate	34.4	36.2	35.3	37.3	37.3	37.6	38.3	38.4	38.4
Employed	3,697	3,936	3,821	4,048	4,022	4,099	4,164	4,111	4,184
Employment-population ratio	30.1	32.2	31.3	33.0	32.9	33.5	34.0	33.6	34.3
Unemployed	523	486	487	529	539	509	524	581	502
Unemployment rate	12.4	11.0	11.3	11.6	11.8	11.0	11.2	12.4	10.7

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,868	33,215	33,184	32,868	33,116	33,152	33,184	33,215	33,184
Civilian labor force	20,549	20,855	20,702	20,615	20,685	20,704	20,675	20,949	20,790
Participation rate	62.5	62.8	62.4	62.7	62.5	62.5	62.3	63.1	62.6
Employed	19,033	19,692	19,327	19,211	19,550	19,571	19,527	19,712	19,549
Employment-population ratio	57.9	59.3	58.2	58.4	59.0	59.0	58.8	59.3	58.9
Unemployed	1,516	1,163	1,375	1,404	1,135	1,133	1,148	1,238	1,241
Unemployment rate	7.4	5.6	6.6	6.8	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.9	6.0
Not in labor force	12,318	12,360	12,482	12,253	12,431	12,448	12,509	12,266	12,395
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,320	9,500	9,351	9,374	9,488	9,485	9,504	9,591	9,445
Participation rate	67.6	68.0	67.0	68.0	68.1	68.0	68.1	68.6	67.6
Employed	8,584	8,965	8,754	8,714	8,976	9,003	9,019	9,034	8,918
Employment-population ratio	62.2	64.1	62.7	63.2	64.5	64.6	64.6	64.6	63.9
Unemployed	736	535	597	660	512	482	485	557	526
Unemployment rate	7.9	5.6	6.4	7.0	5.4	5.1	5.1	5.8	5.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,433	10,646	10,662	10,403	10,478	10,494	10,445	10,625	10,617
Participation rate	62.8	63.4	63.5	62.7	62.6	62.6	62.3	63.3	63.3
Employed	9,820	10,139	10,049	9,833	9,987	9,984	9,929	10,094	10,067
Employment-population ratio	59.2	60.4	59.9	59.2	59.7	59.6	59.2	60.1	60.0
Unemployed	613	507	613	570	491	511	516	530	550
Unemployment rate	5.9	4.8	5.7	5.5	4.7	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	797	709	690	838	719	724	727	734	728
Participation rate	32.2	28.9	28.3	33.8	29.3	29.5	29.6	29.9	29.8
Employed	629	588	524	664	588	584	579	583	564
Employment-population ratio	25.4	24.0	21.5	26.8	23.9	23.8	23.6	23.8	23.1
Unemployed	168	121	166	173	132	141	147	151	164
Unemployment rate	21.0	17.1	24.0	20.7	18.3	19.4	20.3	20.6	22.5

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,034	16,482	16,178	16,034	16,400	16,399	16,558	16,482	16,178
Civilian labor force	10,264	10,443	10,259	10,309	10,521	10,713	10,705	10,478	10,332
Participation rate	64.0	63.4	63.4	64.3	64.2	65.3	64.7	63.6	63.9
Employed	9,938	10,189	9,932	9,991	10,262	10,409	10,429	10,214	10,017
Employment-population ratio	62.0	61.8	61.4	62.3	62.6	63.5	63.0	62.0	61.9
Unemployed	326	254	327	318	259	305	276	264	315
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.4	3.2	3.1	2.5	2.8	2.6	2.5	3.0
Not in labor force	5,770	6,040	5,920	5,726	5,879	5,686	5,852	6,004	5,847
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Jan. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,044	43,986	43,742	43,044	43,722	43,814	43,902	43,986	43,742
Civilian labor force	28,828	29,493	29,572	28,957	29,293	29,482	29,575	29,517	29,672
Participation rate	67.0	67.1	67.6	67.3	67.0	67.3	67.4	67.1	67.8
Employed	27,208	28,275	28,066	27,558	28,156	28,279	28,339	28,286	28,397
Employment-population ratio	63.2	64.3	64.2	64.0	64.4	64.5	64.6	64.3	64.9
Unemployed	1,620	1,218	1,506	1,400	1,137	1,203	1,236	1,231	1,275
Unemployment rate	5.6	4.1	5.1	4.8	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.3
Not in labor force	14,217	14,493	14,170	14,087	14,430	14,332	14,327	14,468	14,070
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,657	15,878	16,096	15,696	15,793	15,841	15,983	15,875	16,114
Participation rate	80.6	79.9	81.5	80.8	80.0	80.1	80.6	79.9	81.6
Employed	14,848	15,352	15,362	15,068	15,320	15,310	15,498	15,393	15,571
Employment-population ratio	76.4	77.3	77.8	77.6	77.6	77.4	78.2	77.5	78.9
Unemployed	809	526	734	628	473	531	485	483	543
Unemployment rate	5.2	3.3	4.6	4.0	3.0	3.4	3.0	3.0	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,945	12,310	12,222	11,955	12,192	12,318	12,196	12,293	12,242
Participation rate	60.8	61.2	61.1	60.8	61.0	61.5	60.8	61.1	61.2
Employed	11,332	11,779	11,637	11,386	11,723	11,834	11,675	11,736	11,701
Employment-population ratio	57.6	58.6	58.2	57.9	58.7	59.1	58.2	58.4	58.5
Unemployed	613	531	585	569	468	485	521	558	541
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.3	4.8	4.8	3.8	3.9	4.3	4.5	4.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,226	1,305	1,253	1,307	1,308	1,323	1,396	1,349	1,316
Participation rate	31.0	32.5	31.4	33.0	32.7	33.0	34.8	33.6	32.9
Employed	1,028	1,143	1,066	1,104	1,112	1,135	1,166	1,157	1,125
Employment-population ratio	26.0	28.5	26.7	27.9	27.8	28.3	29.0	28.8	28.1
Unemployed	198	161	187	203	196	188	230	191	191
Unemployment rate	16.1	12.4	14.9	15.5	15.0	14.2	16.5	14.2	14.5
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	Jan. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,169	9,918	9,657	10,041	9,917	9,783	9,761	9,895	9,621
Participation rate	45.7	46.6	46.1	45.1	45.9	47.2	46.5	46.5	45.9
Employed	9,419	9,330	8,946	9,468	9,440	9,240	9,245	9,379	9,090
Employment-population ratio	42.3	43.8	42.7	42.5	43.7	44.6	44.1	44.0	43.4
Unemployed	750	588	711	573	477	543	516	516	531
Unemployment rate	7.4	5.9	7.4	5.7	4.8	5.5	5.3	5.2	5.5

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,968	35,923	35,878	36,358	36,305	36,263	36,178	36,094	36,230
Participation rate	57.9	58.2	58.1	58.6	57.8	57.8	58.0	58.5	58.7
Employed	34,413	34,585	34,299	34,997	34,990	34,928	34,850	34,764	34,861
Employment-population ratio	55.4	56.0	55.6	56.4	55.7	55.6	55.9	56.3	56.5
Unemployed	1,554	1,337	1,579	1,361	1,315	1,335	1,328	1,330	1,369
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.7	4.4	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.8

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,307	37,499	37,211	37,328	37,455	37,585	37,478	37,509	37,283
Participation rate	65.4	64.7	64.5	65.4	65.1	64.8	64.7	64.7	64.6
Employed	35,939	36,516	36,088	36,052	36,370	36,515	36,393	36,491	36,243
Employment-population ratio	63.0	63.0	62.5	63.2	63.2	63.0	62.9	63.0	62.8
Unemployed	1,368	983	1,124	1,277	1,085	1,069	1,085	1,018	1,040
Unemployment rate	3.7	2.6	3.0	3.4	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	58,338	60,174	60,237	58,339	59,159	59,555	59,924	59,938	60,176
Participation rate	73.8	73.8	73.8	73.8	74.0	73.9	74.0	73.5	73.7
Employed	56,897	59,096	59,015	56,948	57,966	58,319	58,750	58,778	59,002
Employment-population ratio	72.0	72.5	72.3	72.0	72.5	72.3	72.5	72.1	72.3
Unemployed	1,441	1,079	1,222	1,392	1,193	1,235	1,174	1,160	1,174
Unemployment rate	2.5	1.8	2.0	2.4	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.0
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,995	18,642	17,120	16,744	1,875	1,898
Civilian labor force	9,369	9,189	8,224	8,038	1,145	1,151
Participation rate	49.3	49.3	48.0	48.0	61.1	60.7
Employed	9,025	8,870	7,911	7,755	1,115	1,115
Employment-population ratio	47.5	47.6	46.2	46.3	59.4	58.7
Unemployed	344	319	313	282	31	36
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.5	3.8	3.5	2.7	3.2
Not in labor force	9,626	9,453	8,896	8,706	730	747

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,276	4,326	3,597	3,570	679	756
Civilian labor force	3,480	3,418	3,008	2,856	472	562
Participation rate	81.4	79.0	83.6	80.0	69.6	74.3
Employed	3,333	3,269	2,867	2,722	466	547
Employment-population ratio	78.0	75.6	79.7	76.2	68.7	72.4
Unemployed	147	149	141	134	6	15
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.4	4.7	4.7	1.2	2.6
Not in labor force	796	908	589	714	207	194

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,050	3,167	2,517	2,674	533	493
Civilian labor force	2,350	2,403	1,960	2,087	390	317
Participation rate	77.0	75.9	77.9	78.1	73.2	64.2
Employed	2,290	2,342	1,909	2,030	381	312
Employment-population ratio	75.1	74.0	75.8	75.9	71.5	63.2
Unemployed	60	61	51	56	9	5
Unemployment rate	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.3	1.6
Not in labor force	700	763	557	587	143	176

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,400	7,007	7,146	6,763	254	244
Civilian labor force	1,559	1,448	1,505	1,412	54	35
Participation rate	21.1	20.7	21.1	20.9	21.1	14.5
Employed	1,499	1,412	1,448	1,380	51	32
Employment-population ratio	20.3	20.1	20.3	20.4	19.9	13.0
Unemployed	60	36	57	32	3	4
Unemployment rate	3.9	2.5	3.8	2.3	-	-
Not in labor force	5,841	5,559	5,641	5,351	200	209

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,269	4,142	3,860	3,737	409	405
Civilian labor force	1,980	1,920	1,751	1,682	229	238
Participation rate	46.4	46.4	45.4	45.0	56.0	58.7
Employed	1,903	1,847	1,687	1,623	216	224
Employment-population ratio	44.6	44.6	43.7	43.4	52.9	55.4
Unemployed	77	73	64	60	13	13
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.6	5.6	5.5
Not in labor force	2,289	2,222	2,109	2,055	180	167

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	230,436	232,099	103,299	104,393	127,137	127,706
Civilian labor force	150,990	152,311	76,773	77,416	74,217	74,895
Participation rate	65.5	65.6	74.3	74.2	58.4	58.6
Employed	144,447	146,350	73,180	74,189	71,268	72,161
Employment-population ratio	62.7	63.1	70.8	71.1	56.1	56.5
Unemployed	6,543	5,961	3,593	3,226	2,950	2,735
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.9	4.7	4.2	4.0	3.7
Not in labor force	79,446	79,788	26,527	26,977	52,920	52,811
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,080	30,504	228,160	228,998
Civilian labor force	6,180	6,227	155,924	157,270
Participation rate	20.5	20.4	68.3	68.7
Employed	5,625	5,741	149,339	151,253
Employment-population ratio	18.7	18.8	65.5	66.0
Unemployed	556	486	6,585	6,017
Unemployment rate	9.0	7.8	4.2	3.8
Not in labor force	23,899	24,277	72,236	71,727

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,648	2,664	77,564	77,639
Participation rate	35.2	35.6	82.5	82.7
Employed	2,387	2,408	74,014	74,462
Employment-population ratio	31.7	32.2	78.8	79.3
Unemployed	260	256	3,550	3,177
Unemployment rate	9.8	9.6	4.6	4.1
Not in labor force	4,885	4,817	16,420	16,207

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,381	2,394	69,186	69,853
Participation rate	30.9	31.5	71.4	72.2
Employed	2,156	2,220	66,509	67,277
Employment-population ratio	28.0	29.2	68.6	69.5
Unemployed	224	174	2,677	2,575
Unemployment rate	9.4	7.3	3.9	3.7
Not in labor force	5,333	5,196	27,706	26,919

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,151	1,169	9,174	9,779
Participation rate	7.8	7.6	24.6	25.5
Employed	1,081	1,113	8,817	9,514
Employment-population ratio	7.3	7.2	23.6	24.8
Unemployed	71	56	357	265
Unemployment rate	6.1	4.8	3.9	2.7
Not in labor force	13,681	14,263	28,110	28,601
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,909	42,362	20,969	20,658	21,940	21,704
Civilian labor force	28,686	28,189	16,455	16,241	12,231	11,948
Participation rate	66.9	66.5	78.5	78.6	55.7	55.1
Employed	27,381	27,066	15,720	15,659	11,661	11,407
Employment-population ratio	63.8	63.9	75.0	75.8	53.1	52.6
Unemployed	1,305	1,124	734	582	571	542
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.0	4.5	3.6	4.7	4.5
Not in labor force	14,223	14,173	4,514	4,417	9,708	9,756

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	215,331	217,139	103,921	104,855	111,410	112,284
Civilian labor force	133,419	135,308	69,375	70,089	64,044	65,218
Participation rate	62.0	62.3	66.8	66.8	57.5	58.1
Employed	127,583	129,928	66,078	67,042	61,505	62,886
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.8	63.6	63.9	55.2	56.0
Unemployed	5,835	5,380	3,297	3,047	2,538	2,333
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.0	4.8	4.3	4.0	3.6
Not in labor force	81,912	81,831	34,546	34,765	47,366	47,066
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	Jan. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,414	2,449	2,273	2,546	2,416	2,473	2,356	2,533	2,404
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,644	1,795	1,656	1,731	1,634	1,651	1,661	1,849	1,741
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	746	637	592	796	765	793	692	684	647
Unpaid family workers	24	17	25	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	152,550	156,055	154,720	154,112	155,816	155,970	156,167	156,241	156,345
Wage and salary workers(1)	143,834	147,176	146,037	145,259	146,852	147,118	147,275	147,431	147,483
Government	20,800	21,367	21,694	20,614	21,144	21,513	21,342	21,323	21,475
Private industries	123,034	125,808	124,343	124,615	125,734	125,812	125,996	126,069	125,960
Private households	799	841	801	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	122,234	124,968	123,542	123,811	124,864	124,979	125,157	125,250	125,152
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,672	8,809	8,633	8,831	8,850	8,811	8,856	8,821	8,801
Unpaid family workers	44	70	50	-	-	-	-	-	-

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,640	4,247	4,732	5,105	4,336	4,397	4,288	4,148	4,182
Slack work or business conditions	3,888	2,742	3,057	3,402	2,600	2,747	2,634	2,657	2,655
Could only find part-time work	1,418	1,190	1,340	1,413	1,310	1,278	1,259	1,215	1,294
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,734	22,086	21,929	20,984	21,559	21,544	21,532	21,586	22,154
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,543	4,170	4,605	5,032	4,257	4,306	4,221	4,111	4,091
Slack work or business conditions	3,841	2,685	2,962	3,360	2,554	2,684	2,599	2,613	2,580
Could only find part-time work	1,398	1,186	1,337	1,396	1,300	1,267	1,254	1,209	1,308
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,340	21,685	21,564	20,589	21,178	21,137	21,163	21,180	21,787
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Jan. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	154,964	158,504	156,994	156,627	158,298	158,544	158,536	158,803	158,714
16 to 19 years	4,729	5,029	4,851	5,149	5,162	5,218	5,278	5,213	5,273
16 to 17 years	1,492	1,793	1,774	1,653	1,809	1,851	1,978	1,874	1,949
18 to 19 years	3,237	3,236	3,077	3,472	3,321	3,411	3,315	3,339	3,311
20 years and over	150,235	153,474	152,143	151,478	153,136	153,326	153,258	153,590	153,441
20 to 24 years	13,567	13,947	13,795	13,951	14,282	14,362	14,112	14,142	14,214
25 years and over	136,668	139,527	138,348	137,485	138,787	139,023	139,176	139,426	139,215
25 to 54 years	100,208	101,783	101,005	100,703	101,201	101,437	101,517	101,653	101,487
25 to 34 years	35,392	36,263	35,915	35,615	35,928	36,070	36,190	36,230	36,129
35 to 44 years	32,732	33,432	33,255	32,887	33,385	33,390	33,293	33,406	33,412
45 to 54 years	32,084	32,088	31,835	32,201	31,887	31,978	32,033	32,017	31,945
55 years and over	36,460	37,744	37,343	36,782	37,586	37,585	37,660	37,773	37,728

Men, 16 years and over	81,798	83,467	82,701	83,012	83,747	83,776	84,018	84,034	83,940
16 to 19 years	2,294	2,527	2,343	2,538	2,601	2,580	2,640	2,644	2,596
16 to 17 years	708	797	757	797	896	899	929	876	860
18 to 19 years	1,586	1,730	1,586	1,738	1,686	1,694	1,717	1,766	1,733
20 years and over	79,504	80,940	80,358	80,474	81,146	81,196	81,377	81,390	81,345
20 to 24 years	6,868	7,001	7,045	7,119	7,208	7,208	7,157	7,152	7,307
25 years and over	72,636	73,940	73,313	73,366	73,896	73,986	74,224	74,217	74,057
25 to 54 years	53,358	53,863	53,412	53,783	53,870	53,952	54,101	54,005	53,840
25 to 34 years	18,958	19,295	18,973	19,118	19,197	19,312	19,413	19,364	19,145
35 to 44 years	17,600	17,819	17,713	17,769	17,928	17,875	17,890	17,881	17,884
45 to 54 years	16,799	16,748	16,726	16,897	16,745	16,765	16,797	16,761	16,810
55 years and over	19,278	20,077	19,901	19,583	20,026	20,034	20,124	20,212	20,217

Women, 16 years and over	73,166	75,036	74,292	73,614	74,551	74,769	74,518	74,769	74,774
16 to 19 years	2,435	2,502	2,508	2,610	2,561	2,639	2,637	2,568	2,677
16 to 17 years	784	996	1,017	856	914	952	1,049	999	1,089
18 to 19 years	1,651	1,506	1,491	1,735	1,635	1,717	1,598	1,573	1,578
20 years and over	70,731	72,534	71,785	71,004	71,990	72,130	71,881	72,200	72,097
20 to 24 years	6,699	6,947	6,750	6,833	7,073	7,154	6,955	6,990	6,907
25 years and over	64,031	65,587	65,035	64,119	64,891	65,037	64,952	65,208	65,158
25 to 54 years	46,850	47,921	47,593	46,920	47,331	47,486	47,416	47,648	47,647
25 to 34 years	16,433	16,969	16,942	16,497	16,731	16,758	16,777	16,866	16,984
35 to 44 years	15,132	15,613	15,542	15,119	15,457	15,514	15,403	15,525	15,528
45 to 54 years	15,285	15,339	15,109	15,304	15,143	15,214	15,236	15,256	15,135
55 years and over	17,181	17,666	17,442	17,199	17,560	17,551	17,536	17,561	17,510

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,494	45,969	45,949	45,801	46,011	45,971	46,059	46,177	46,257
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,420	36,913	36,926	36,441	36,478	36,657	36,581	36,631	36,869
Women who maintain families(2)	9,491	9,757	9,553	-	-	-	-	-	-

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	128,166	131,142	129,379	129,775	131,123	131,518	131,561	131,755	131,099
Part-time workers(4)	26,799	27,362	27,615	26,770	27,079	26,992	26,958	26,992	27,529

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,749	8,058	8,083	7,843	8,312	8,132	8,107	7,946	8,152
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.3	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,965	6,554	6,472	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,418	9,446	9,226	9,627	9,615	9,604	9,548	9,506	9,448
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	Jan. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,516	5,753	5,892	4.0	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6
16 to 19 years	765	752	734	12.9	12.5	12.3	12.0	12.6	12.2
16 to 17 years	287	298	260	14.8	13.1	14.0	12.6	13.7	11.8
18 to 19 years	478	461	473	12.1	12.2	11.3	11.7	12.1	12.5
20 years and over	5,751	5,001	5,158	3.7	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.3
20 to 24 years	1,127	958	1,012	7.5	6.3	6.2	6.4	6.3	6.6
25 years and over	4,613	4,045	4,153	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.9
25 to 54 years	3,418	3,133	3,154	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
25 to 34 years	1,462	1,344	1,397	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7
35 to 44 years	981	947	946	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.8
45 to 54 years	975	842	811	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.5
55 years and over	1,212	911	1,000	3.2	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.6

Men, 16 years and over	3,530	3,015	3,147	4.1	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6
16 to 19 years	419	397	405	14.2	13.7	13.7	13.4	13.0	13.5
16 to 17 years	151	150	144	15.9	13.1	14.4	14.1	14.6	14.4
18 to 19 years	261	260	256	13.1	14.0	13.2	13.0	12.8	12.9
20 years and over	3,112	2,618	2,743	3.7	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.3
20 to 24 years	650	555	533	8.4	7.2	7.5	7.3	7.2	6.8
25 years and over	2,484	2,064	2,227	3.3	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.9
25 to 54 years	1,815	1,619	1,683	3.3	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0
25 to 34 years	798	728	783	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.9
35 to 44 years	518	466	476	2.8	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.6
45 to 54 years	498	424	425	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.2	2.5	2.5
55 years and over	669	445	544	3.3	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.2	2.6

Women, 16 years and over	2,985	2,738	2,744	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
16 to 19 years	346	355	330	11.7	11.2	10.8	10.6	12.1	11.0
16 to 17 years	136	148	115	13.7	13.2	13.6	11.3	12.9	9.6
18 to 19 years	217	201	217	11.1	10.2	9.4	10.2	11.3	12.1
20 years and over	2,639	2,383	2,415	3.6	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
20 to 24 years	477	403	478	6.5	5.4	4.8	5.5	5.5	6.5
25 years and over	2,130	1,981	1,926	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9
25 to 54 years	1,603	1,514	1,471	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0
25 to 34 years	664	616	614	3.9	3.3	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.5
35 to 44 years	463	481	470	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9
45 to 54 years	476	417	386	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.5
55 years and over	511	476	438	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.4

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	960	751	804	2.1	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.6	1.7
Married women, spouse present(1)	911	798	796	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.1
Women who maintain families(2)	539	425	545	5.4	4.7	5.4	4.8	4.2	5.4

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,333	4,664	4,744	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.5
Part-time workers(4)	1,190	1,087	1,171	4.3	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9	4.1
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	Jan. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,791	2,752	3,267	3,060	2,575	2,691	2,804	2,686	2,665
On temporary layoff	1,432	873	1,109	940	729	772	768	807	742
Not on temporary layoff	2,359	1,879	2,158	2,120	1,846	1,919	2,036	1,880	1,923
Permanent job losers	1,536	1,296	1,403	1,415	1,318	1,260	1,422	1,295	1,289
Persons who completed temporary jobs	823	583	755	706	528	659	614	585	634
Job leavers	804	776	830	816	840	846	776	829	836
Reentrants	1,999	1,524	1,907	1,944	1,669	1,698	1,663	1,655	1,838
New entrants	547	452	500	607	673	622	581	551	557

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	53.1	50.0	50.2	47.6	44.7	45.9	48.1	46.9	45.2
On temporary layoff	20.1	15.9	17.1	14.6	12.7	13.2	13.2	14.1	12.6
Not on temporary layoff	33.0	34.1	33.2	33.0	32.1	32.8	35.0	32.9	32.6
Job leavers	11.3	14.1	12.8	12.7	14.6	14.4	13.3	14.5	14.2
Reentrants	28.0	27.7	29.3	30.2	29.0	29.0	28.6	28.9	31.2
New entrants	7.7	8.2	7.7	9.4	11.7	10.6	10.0	9.6	9.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.3	1.7	2.0	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.2	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1
New entrants	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	Jan. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,751	2,001	2,468	2,319	1,869	1,978	2,026	2,065	2,059
5 to 14 weeks	2,169	1,651	1,925	1,999	1,778	1,747	1,753	1,730	1,755
15 weeks and over	2,221	1,852	2,110	2,156	2,124	2,144	2,083	1,998	2,053
15 to 26 weeks	905	755	893	898	806	884	865	812	887
27 weeks and over	1,316	1,097	1,217	1,259	1,318	1,259	1,219	1,186	1,166

Average (mean) duration, in weeks	19.2	20.3	20.5	20.6	21.7	21.6	20.2	20.8	21.9
Median duration, in weeks	8.3	8.4	8.6	9.0	9.4	9.2	9.2	9.0	9.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	38.5	36.4	38.0	35.8	32.4	33.7	34.6	35.6	35.1
5 to 14 weeks	30.4	30.0	29.6	30.9	30.8	29.8	29.9	29.9	29.9
15 weeks and over	31.1	33.6	32.4	33.3	36.8	36.5	35.5	34.5	35.0
15 to 26 weeks	12.7	13.7	13.7	13.9	14.0	15.1	14.7	14.0	15.1
27 weeks and over	18.4	19.9	18.7	19.4	22.8	21.5	20.8	20.5	19.9
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020
Total, 16 years and over(1)	154,964	156,994	7,140	6,504	4.4	4.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	63,818	65,643	1,607	1,453	2.5	2.2
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	26,733	27,573	676	653	2.5	2.3
Professional and related occupations	37,085	38,070	931	799	2.4	2.1
Service occupations	25,770	25,943	1,504	1,280	5.5	4.7
Sales and office occupations	33,159	31,320	1,514	1,309	4.4	4.0
Sales and related occupations	15,438	15,428	731	724	4.5	4.5
Office and administrative support occupations	17,721	15,892	783	585	4.2	3.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,277	13,923	1,081	934	7.0	6.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,119	1,081	257	210	18.6	16.3
Construction and extraction occupations	8,453	8,015	689	590	7.5	6.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,705	4,827	136	134	2.8	2.7
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17,940	20,165	870	1,008	4.6	4.8
Production occupations	8,417	8,299	372	434	4.2	5.0
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,522	11,866	498	574	5.0	4.6
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020
Total, 16 years and over(1)	7,140	6,504	4.4	4.0
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,401	4,954	4.2	3.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	44	16	5.3	1.9
Construction	638	515	6.4	5.4
Manufacturing	533	530	3.3	3.4
Durable goods	334	317	3.3	3.2
Nondurable goods	199	214	3.4	3.7
Wholesale and retail trade	942	945	4.8	4.7
Transportation and utilities	253	220	3.6	3.0
Information	120	61	4.7	2.3
Financial activities	242	259	2.4	2.5
Professional and business services	847	724	4.9	4.1
Education and health services	648	601	2.6	2.4
Leisure and hospitality	875	833	6.4	5.9
Other services	259	250	3.9	3.7
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	257	231	14.1	12.5
Government workers	567	467	2.6	2.1
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	369	351	3.7	3.6
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	Jan. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.2
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.3	1.7	2.0	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.4	3.4	4.0	4.0	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.7	3.5	4.2	4.2	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.8
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	5.3	4.1	4.8	4.9	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.4
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	8.8	6.7	7.7	8.0	6.9	6.9	6.8	6.7	6.9
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020	Jan. 2019	Jan. 2020
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	96,135	96,004	39,060	39,183	57,075	56,822
Persons who currently want a job	5,435	5,107	2,610	2,566	2,825	2,541
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,614	1,464	802	817	813	647
Discouraged workers(2)	426	350	240	185	186	166
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,188	1,113	561	632	627	481

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,749	8,083	3,846	3,949	3,904	4,134
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.1	4.7	4.8	5.3	5.6
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,452	4,528	2,399	2,421	2,053	2,108
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,879	2,047	636	700	1,243	1,347
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	249	326	183	227	66	99
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,133	1,123	619	585	514	538
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)	Change from: Dec.2019 - Jan.2020(p)
Total nonfarm	147,879	153,177	152,934	150,102	150,134	151,814	151,961	152,186	225
Total private	125,501	130,023	129,919	127,557	127,628	129,155	129,297	129,503	206
Goods-producing	20,539	21,209	21,034	20,713	21,023	21,131	21,126	21,158	32

Mining and logging	733	729	713	702	746	724	713	713	0
Logging	49.3	55.3	53.7	52.2	50.3	53.7	53.0	53.0	0.0
Mining	683.5	674.0	659.7	649.9	695.7	670.5	660.4	659.7	-0.7
Oil and gas extraction	141.1	156.7	158.0	157.3	142.4	155.9	158.0	158.4	0.4
Mining, except oil and gas	186.7	191.2	187.2	184.9	193.5	190.7	189.6	190.8	1.2
Coal mining	52.0	52.2	51.2	51.1	52.1	52.2	51.1	51.3	0.2
Metal ore mining	41.7	40.8	40.5	40.8	42.0	41.1	40.8	41.3	0.5
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	93.0	98.2	95.5	93.0	99.4	97.4	97.6	98.2	0.6
Support activities for mining	355.7	326.1	314.5	307.7	359.8	323.9	312.8	310.5	-2.3

Construction	7,069	7,609	7,447	7,238	7,452	7,539	7,550	7,594	44
Construction of buildings	1,602.8	1,680.5	1,666.1	1,630.3	1,653.8	1,670.4	1,674.0	1,676.9	2.9
Residential building	789.7	837.2	828.1	807.8	815.5	830.2	828.7	831.1	2.4
Nonresidential building	813.1	843.3	838.0	822.5	838.3	840.2	845.3	845.8	0.5
Heavy and civil engineering construction	965.9	1,104.6	1,040.8	985.2	1,081.2	1,086.3	1,085.7	1,091.8	6.1
Specialty trade contractors	4,500.3	4,823.9	4,740.3	4,622.9	4,717.3	4,781.8	4,790.1	4,825.1	35.0
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,983.2	2,106.7	2,066.4	2,021.8	2,082.2	2,091.1	2,092.6	2,110.4	17.8
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,517.1	2,717.2	2,673.9	2,601.1	2,635.1	2,690.7	2,697.5	2,714.7	17.2

Manufacturing	12,737	12,871	12,874	12,773	12,825	12,868	12,863	12,851	-12

Durable goods	8,023	8,065	8,071	8,020	8,059	8,064	8,063	8,052	-11
Wood products	402.9	411.7	411.4	406.9	407.5	410.9	411.3	411.3	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral products	412.0	427.3	419.7	410.3	425.4	423.5	421.7	422.1	0.4
Primary metals	388.3	378.0	377.4	374.6	388.0	379.0	375.6	373.6	-2.0
Fabricated metal products	1,487.6	1,490.2	1,486.2	1,480.3	1,493.0	1,489.7	1,484.9	1,486.0	1.1
Machinery	1,129.4	1,115.7	1,117.2	1,115.7	1,131.4	1,119.3	1,117.5	1,116.1	-1.4
Computer and electronic products	1,065.0	1,090.9	1,096.4	1,093.3	1,068.2	1,092.3	1,095.7	1,096.4	0.7
Computer and peripheral equipment	159.7	166.1	168.1	169.4	160.1	166.4	168.0	169.6	1.6
Communications equipment	82.9	83.8	84.4	83.0	83.3	83.7	84.1	83.3	-0.8
Semiconductors and electronic components	372.7	378.3	378.9	377.5	374.2	378.9	379.4	379.1	-0.3
Electronic instruments	417.3	429.2	431.4	431.4	417.9	430.1	431.0	432.0	1.0
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	32.4	33.5	33.6	32.0	32.8	33.1	33.2	32.4	-0.8
Electrical equipment and appliances	404.6	405.5	406.7	404.5	405.6	405.1	405.4	405.2	-0.2
Transportation equipment(1)	1,733.7	1,739.0	1,747.0	1,731.1	1,735.1	1,739.1	1,743.0	1,733.5	-9.5
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,010.4	996.5	1,001.7	985.5	1,010.6	995.9	997.2	986.6	-10.6
Furniture and related products	388.1	387.1	387.8	386.4	389.8	387.6	387.3	387.8	0.5
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	611.5	619.6	621.5	616.7	615.4	617.9	620.2	620.3	0.1

Nondurable goods	4,714	4,806	4,803	4,753	4,766	4,804	4,800	4,799	-1
Food manufacturing	1,609.6	1,663.1	1,662.7	1,634.4	1,632.9	1,661.4	1,660.7	1,657.6	-3.1
Textile mills	109.3	107.2	106.7	106.6	109.8	107.2	106.8	107.2	0.4
Textile product mills	113.7	113.2	112.7	112.5	114.8	112.6	112.1	113.0	0.9
Apparel	111.7	107.1	106.2	104.2	112.7	106.8	106.4	105.2	-1.2
Paper and paper products	364.3	363.7	365.6	364.1	365.8	365.0	365.2	365.6	0.4
Printing and related support activities	426.0	423.4	421.1	416.7	428.6	421.3	419.2	419.0	-0.2
Petroleum and coal products	111.4	112.8	111.9	111.3	115.5	113.5	114.1	115.5	1.4
Chemicals	840.0	852.4	854.9	846.7	844.0	853.6	852.6	850.1	-2.5
Plastics and rubber products	729.8	740.8	743.8	744.5	734.5	741.0	742.6	745.5	2.9
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	297.7	322.4	317.6	312.2	307.6	321.3	320.5	320.6	0.1

Private service-providing	104,962	108,814	108,885	106,844	106,605	108,024	108,171	108,345	174

Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,598	28,350	28,584	27,747	27,711	27,762	27,821	27,848	27

Wholesale trade	5,837.2	5,936.8	5,947.8	5,912.2	5,878.9	5,926.3	5,935.8	5,944.2	8.4
Durable goods	3,165.7	3,218.3	3,225.8	3,216.6	3,182.5	3,218.6	3,220.8	3,227.7	6.9
Nondurable goods	2,139.1	2,180.8	2,184.5	2,160.1	2,162.6	2,171.9	2,179.3	2,180.2	0.9
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	532.4	537.7	537.5	535.5	533.8	535.8	535.7	536.3	0.6

Retail trade	15,628.1	16,080.2	16,159.1	15,570.3	15,696.5	15,630.8	15,675.7	15,667.4	-8.3
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,996.4	2,053.5	2,048.5	2,040.6	2,018.8	2,053.6	2,056.2	2,060.2	4.0
Automobile dealers	1,288.8	1,301.7	1,304.0	1,303.3	1,296.7	1,302.2	1,305.9	1,309.3	3.4
Other motor vehicle dealers	153.3	162.4	158.6	155.5	163.3	166.4	165.7	165.1	-0.6
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	554.3	589.4	585.9	581.8	558.8	584.9	584.5	585.8	1.3
Furniture and home furnishings stores	483.6	483.0	491.9	471.3	476.1	467.6	469.5	467.8	-1.7
Electronics and appliance stores	486.2	495.3	496.5	490.5	477.6	481.1	482.2	482.2	0.0
Building material and garden supply stores	1,227.8	1,272.2	1,272.4	1,250.6	1,290.2	1,302.7	1,309.5	1,312.8	3.3
Food and beverage stores	3,056.7	3,119.2	3,119.4	3,075.1	3,070.8	3,092.1	3,088.5	3,090.0	1.5
Health and personal care stores	1,073.2	1,073.8	1,082.5	1,061.7	1,064.0	1,052.4	1,053.0	1,052.0	-1.0
Gasoline stations	928.3	955.5	948.9	940.6	940.3	951.4	951.5	950.2	-1.3
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,340.5	1,355.3	1,405.1	1,281.3	1,332.5	1,249.2	1,282.5	1,277.9	-4.6
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	561.4	581.1	590.3	548.5	549.0	542.1	544.9	550.4	5.5
General merchandise stores	3,093.1	3,271.6	3,291.7	3,060.6	3,068.6	3,056.3	3,061.4	3,047.0	-14.4
Department stores	1,132.3	1,200.7	1,231.1	1,092.3	1,105.9	1,085.0	1,087.7	1,070.8	-16.9
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,960.8	2,070.9	2,060.6	1,968.3	1,962.7	1,971.3	1,973.7	1,976.2	2.5
Miscellaneous store retailers	817.8	842.7	833.5	800.7	841.1	826.0	820.9	820.6	-0.3
Nonstore retailers	563.1	577.0	578.4	548.8	567.5	556.3	555.6	556.3	0.7

Transportation and warehousing	5,582.6	5,786.0	5,927.9	5,719.8	5,584.3	5,658.0	5,661.9	5,690.2	28.3
Air transportation	494.9	504.3	506.3	506.9	498.9	507.2	508.3	509.9	1.6
Rail transportation	182.2	165.9	163.7	163.7	183.6	165.8	164.4	164.4	0.0
Water transportation	63.8	65.5	64.2	63.1	65.7	66.1	65.1	65.1	0.0
Truck transportation	1,501.0	1,539.7	1,524.6	1,503.5	1,527.9	1,529.8	1,525.8	1,529.0	3.2
Transit and ground passenger transportation	503.9	520.4	522.0	516.9	494.7	503.8	506.0	507.1	1.1
Pipeline transportation	50.6	51.4	51.4	51.3	50.7	51.4	51.3	51.3	0.0
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	26.3	31.7	30.0	27.0	37.0	36.2	35.7	35.9	0.2
Support activities for transportation	743.9	763.0	766.0	760.9	749.6	760.0	760.8	763.0	2.2
Couriers and messengers	842.1	915.9	1,075.3	929.8	798.2	845.1	851.8	866.1	14.3
Warehousing and storage	1,173.9	1,228.2	1,224.4	1,196.7	1,178.0	1,192.6	1,192.7	1,198.4	5.7

Utilities	549.7	547.0	549.3	545.0	551.6	547.2	547.9	546.5	-1.4

Information	2,799	2,900	2,897	2,846	2,843	2,874	2,882	2,887	5
Publishing industries, except Internet	746.6	767.7	767.3	767.9	749.9	764.9	765.5	768.7	3.2
Motion picture and sound recording industries	407.6	462.3	460.1	415.8	439.8	445.7	452.6	451.2	-1.4
Broadcasting, except Internet	268.4	267.4	265.8	260.7	269.0	264.8	264.1	261.8	-2.3
Telecommunications	726.0	708.1	708.0	700.0	728.9	705.1	703.4	703.0	-0.4
Data processing, hosting and related services	329.1	344.8	345.3	350.2	332.2	345.2	346.7	352.0	5.3
Other information services	320.9	349.2	350.9	351.4	323.5	348.5	349.3	350.7	1.4

Financial activities	8,618	8,805	8,820	8,746	8,676	8,804	8,809	8,808	-1
Finance and insurance	6,364.7	6,466.3	6,475.3	6,443.2	6,383.2	6,457.9	6,461.5	6,463.2	1.7
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.8	19.6	19.1	19.5	19.8	19.6	19.3	19.6	0.3
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,641.8	2,664.4	2,672.6	2,666.3	2,647.1	2,664.1	2,668.5	2,670.0	1.5
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,770.3	1,776.2	1,782.4	1,781.9	1,772.0	1,779.7	1,783.2	1,783.2	0.0
Commercial banking	1,389.9	1,387.3	1,391.4	1,391.0	1,391.3	1,390.4	1,392.2	1,391.2	-1.0
Nondepository credit intermediation	569.8	581.7	582.7	578.7	573.1	579.0	579.7	580.9	1.2
Activities related to credit intermediation	301.7	306.5	307.5	305.7	301.9	305.4	305.6	305.8	0.2
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	950.7	967.1	971.0	960.9	956.5	966.7	967.4	966.3	-1.1
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,752.4	2,815.2	2,812.6	2,796.5	2,759.8	2,807.5	2,806.3	2,807.3	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,253.1	2,338.8	2,345.0	2,302.9	2,292.5	2,345.6	2,347.5	2,345.1	-2.4
Real estate	1,670.3	1,740.2	1,748.8	1,719.0	1,691.6	1,740.4	1,743.1	1,742.4	-0.7
Rental and leasing services	560.1	575.1	572.5	560.9	577.6	581.7	580.9	579.0	-1.9
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	22.7	23.5	23.7	23.0	23.3	23.5	23.5	23.7	0.2

Professional and business services	20,709	21,727	21,597	21,128	21,126	21,481	21,495	21,516	21
Professional and technical services	9,384.9	9,682.3	9,693.4	9,655.0	9,410.6	9,649.9	9,661.7	9,674.5	12.8
Legal services	1,137.5	1,159.4	1,162.3	1,152.2	1,144.7	1,157.1	1,156.2	1,160.7	4.5
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,062.6	1,013.0	1,039.5	1,082.9	1,009.7	1,031.9	1,033.2	1,029.7	-3.5
Architectural and engineering services	1,474.1	1,528.9	1,527.6	1,511.0	1,496.6	1,526.2	1,528.4	1,526.6	-1.8
Specialized design services	140.7	148.1	146.9	143.6	142.7	145.8	144.6	146.2	1.6
Computer systems design and related services	2,150.2	2,251.0	2,235.3	2,243.5	2,158.2	2,235.8	2,240.3	2,249.1	8.8
Management and technical consulting services	1,488.3	1,570.8	1,569.7	1,539.3	1,506.1	1,553.5	1,556.2	1,558.5	2.3
Scientific research and development services	708.0	742.8	745.8	735.6	712.3	741.8	744.6	742.7	-1.9
Advertising and related services	485.9	497.5	496.9	491.6	492.5	495.6	495.1	495.8	0.7
Other professional and technical services	737.6	770.8	769.4	755.3	747.9	762.2	763.0	765.4	2.4
Management of companies and enterprises	2,394.9	2,445.7	2,451.8	2,436.3	2,404.0	2,445.0	2,448.3	2,447.5	-0.8
Administrative and waste services	8,929.3	9,598.5	9,452.0	9,037.0	9,311.5	9,385.7	9,385.3	9,393.9	8.6
Administrative and support services	8,490.8	9,134.6	8,988.0	8,579.4	8,866.3	8,921.6	8,920.1	8,928.5	8.4
Office administrative services	517.2	530.8	529.9	526.9	519.7	529.4	530.7	531.0	0.3
Facilities support services	159.8	166.6	167.1	165.9	161.2	166.4	167.1	168.0	0.9
Employment services(1)	3,482.8	3,825.1	3,796.7	3,503.3	3,645.0	3,649.1	3,652.2	3,649.9	-2.3
Temporary help services	2,822.7	3,107.2	3,085.8	2,822.8	2,964.8	2,945.5	2,951.4	2,949.9	-1.5
Business support services	888.4	893.2	891.2	872.5	886.0	869.8	868.5	869.7	1.2
Travel arrangement and reservation services	214.9	220.7	219.6	216.8	219.9	221.8	222.3	222.4	0.1
Investigation and security services	934.2	967.3	966.0	954.9	947.1	961.0	962.0	965.6	3.6
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,968.6	2,184.2	2,075.6	2,002.4	2,155.9	2,176.2	2,170.9	2,180.4	9.5
Other support services	324.9	346.7	341.9	336.7	331.3	347.8	346.5	341.5	-5.0
Waste management and remediation services	438.5	463.9	464.0	457.6	445.2	464.1	465.2	465.4	0.2

Education and health services	23,724	24,682	24,630	24,390	23,900	24,436	24,458	24,530	72
Educational services	3,619.5	3,991.8	3,903.4	3,739.3	3,737.0	3,806.7	3,803.6	3,828.5	24.9
Health care and social assistance	20,104.4	20,690.6	20,726.1	20,650.3	20,162.7	20,628.9	20,653.9	20,701.1	47.2
Health care(3)	16,064.1	16,462.3	16,497.5	16,430.3	16,112.6	16,419.2	16,437.8	16,473.3	35.5
Ambulatory health care services	7,556.2	7,816.7	7,842.3	7,806.3	7,586.8	7,792.7	7,809.7	7,832.2	22.5
Offices of physicians	2,632.2	2,712.2	2,725.1	2,707.9	2,641.1	2,702.5	2,707.9	2,713.5	5.6
Offices of dentists	959.9	977.1	977.7	972.9	961.9	974.9	974.0	975.5	1.5
Offices of other health practitioners	950.4	982.3	985.9	980.7	953.6	978.8	982.3	984.5	2.2
Outpatient care centers	947.1	973.2	981.8	980.4	948.6	972.5	978.5	981.6	3.1
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	278.8	289.8	289.0	288.9	279.6	289.6	288.1	290.6	2.5
Home health care services	1,483.4	1,563.1	1,563.9	1,555.4	1,493.6	1,555.6	1,558.8	1,563.5	4.7
Other ambulatory health care services	304.4	319.0	318.9	320.1	308.4	318.8	320.1	322.9	2.8
Hospitals	5,158.0	5,249.1	5,255.8	5,247.8	5,164.3	5,236.8	5,243.1	5,252.8	9.7
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,349.9	3,396.5	3,399.4	3,376.2	3,361.5	3,389.7	3,385.0	3,388.3	3.3
Nursing care facilities	1,596.0	1,599.7	1,594.9	1,585.1	1,599.7	1,594.7	1,588.0	1,590.4	2.4
Residential mental health facilities	638.9	650.9	652.1	649.4	642.0	651.2	650.6	651.8	1.2
Community care facilities for the elderly	951.2	979.0	985.3	975.1	954.8	977.0	979.6	977.9	-1.7
Other residential care facilities	163.8	166.9	167.1	166.6	165.1	166.8	166.8	168.2	1.4
Social assistance	4,040.3	4,228.3	4,228.6	4,220.0	4,050.1	4,209.7	4,216.1	4,227.8	11.7
Individual and family services	2,535.2	2,673.5	2,674.1	2,677.5	2,545.5	2,668.5	2,671.6	2,682.9	11.3
Emergency and other relief services	181.0	186.1	188.4	185.9	181.1	185.8	186.2	186.3	0.1
Vocational rehabilitation services	320.2	324.9	325.2	320.3	324.7	324.4	325.0	324.1	-0.9
Child day care services	1,003.9	1,043.8	1,040.9	1,036.3	998.7	1,031.1	1,033.3	1,034.4	1.1

Leisure and hospitality	15,739	16,439	16,455	16,120	16,496	16,744	16,780	16,816	36
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,163.1	2,298.1	2,309.1	2,242.8	2,430.1	2,469.3	2,479.3	2,493.5	14.2
Performing arts and spectator sports	448.5	503.6	492.8	458.6	514.7	517.7	514.1	520.8	6.7
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	157.7	171.6	169.3	159.9	172.7	176.3	176.9	174.4	-2.5
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,556.9	1,622.9	1,647.0	1,624.3	1,742.7	1,775.3	1,788.3	1,798.3	10.0
Accommodation and food services	13,575.6	14,141.0	14,146.2	13,876.9	14,065.9	14,274.6	14,300.4	14,322.1	21.7
Accommodation	1,957.1	2,028.7	2,032.7	1,995.9	2,060.8	2,090.6	2,100.0	2,097.3	-2.7
Food services and drinking places	11,618.5	12,112.3	12,113.5	11,881.0	12,005.1	12,184.0	12,200.4	12,224.8	24.4

Other services	5,775	5,911	5,902	5,867	5,853	5,923	5,926	5,940	14
Repair and maintenance	1,317.1	1,365.4	1,357.6	1,353.4	1,333.1	1,368.7	1,364.9	1,369.0	4.1
Personal and laundry services	1,490.8	1,531.2	1,534.3	1,517.1	1,514.6	1,529.3	1,534.3	1,537.7	3.4
Membership associations and organizations	2,966.7	3,014.0	3,009.9	2,996.0	3,005.7	3,024.5	3,027.0	3,033.2	6.2

Government	22,378	23,154	23,015	22,545	22,506	22,659	22,664	22,683	19
Federal	2,796.0	2,858.0	2,859.0	2,846.0	2,811.0	2,850.0	2,848.0	2,860.0	12.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,192.6	2,243.8	2,237.8	2,244.7	2,204.4	2,243.7	2,244.1	2,255.6	11.5
U.S. Postal Service	603.1	614.5	620.7	601.6	606.7	605.8	603.4	604.6	1.2
State government	5,075.0	5,379.0	5,297.0	5,062.0	5,170.0	5,181.0	5,178.0	5,165.0	-13.0
State government education	2,402.8	2,682.0	2,605.7	2,371.4	2,484.9	2,478.5	2,475.1	2,459.5	-15.6
State government, excluding education	2,672.0	2,696.5	2,691.3	2,690.3	2,685.0	2,702.0	2,702.6	2,705.3	2.7
Local government	14,507.0	14,917.0	14,859.0	14,637.0	14,525.0	14,628.0	14,638.0	14,658.0	20.0
Local government education	8,094.0	8,375.7	8,339.8	8,149.0	7,978.3	8,031.8	8,031.1	8,036.3	5.2
Local government, excluding education	6,413.0	6,541.5	6,518.7	6,488.2	6,547.0	6,595.9	6,607.3	6,621.8	14.5
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.5	34.3	34.3	34.3
Goods-producing	40.7	40.1	40.1	40.1
Mining and logging	46.4	45.7	45.7	45.6
Construction	39.9	39.1	39.0	39.1
Manufacturing	40.8	40.4	40.4	40.4
Durable goods	41.2	40.9	40.9	40.9
Nondurable goods	40.2	39.7	39.7	39.7
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.3	34.0	34.1	33.9
Wholesale trade	39.0	39.0	38.8	38.9
Retail trade	30.7	30.3	30.6	30.2
Transportation and warehousing	38.7	38.2	38.3	38.2
Utilities	42.3	42.5	42.4	42.8
Information	36.2	36.3	36.2	36.2
Financial activities	37.7	37.7	37.5	37.6
Professional and business services	36.3	36.1	36.1	36.1
Education and health services	33.0	33.1	33.0	33.0
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	25.8	25.8	25.9
Other services	31.9	31.9	31.8	32.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.1
Durable goods	3.5	3.2	3.1	3.1
Nondurable goods	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)
Total private	$27.58	$28.34	$28.37	$28.44	$951.51	$972.06	$973.09	$975.49
Goods-producing	28.55	29.34	29.43	29.46	1,161.99	1,176.53	1,180.14	1,181.35
Mining and logging	32.74	34.57	34.56	34.37	1,519.14	1,579.85	1,579.39	1,567.27
Construction	30.32	31.09	31.14	31.19	1,209.77	1,215.62	1,214.46	1,219.53
Manufacturing	27.27	28.02	28.14	28.17	1,112.62	1,132.01	1,136.86	1,138.07
Durable goods	28.70	29.50	29.62	29.62	1,182.44	1,206.55	1,211.46	1,211.46
Nondurable goods	24.79	25.46	25.58	25.66	996.56	1,010.76	1,015.53	1,018.70
Private service-providing	27.34	28.10	28.12	28.20	910.42	932.92	933.58	936.24
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23.80	24.52	24.51	24.62	816.34	833.68	835.79	834.62
Wholesale trade	30.83	31.74	31.60	31.75	1,202.37	1,237.86	1,226.08	1,235.08
Retail trade	19.34	20.00	20.07	20.13	593.74	606.00	614.14	607.93
Transportation and warehousing	24.37	24.85	24.90	24.94	943.12	949.27	953.67	952.71
Utilities	41.37	41.89	42.13	42.16	1,749.95	1,780.33	1,786.31	1,804.45
Information	41.78	42.58	42.55	43.06	1,512.44	1,545.65	1,540.31	1,558.77
Financial activities	35.39	36.40	36.53	36.70	1,334.20	1,372.28	1,369.88	1,379.92
Professional and business services	33.07	34.17	34.23	34.31	1,200.44	1,233.54	1,235.70	1,238.59
Education and health services	27.42	27.87	27.86	27.84	904.86	922.50	919.38	918.72
Leisure and hospitality	16.28	16.76	16.78	16.83	424.91	432.41	432.92	435.90
Other services	24.97	25.48	25.55	25.57	796.54	812.81	812.49	818.24
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2019 - Jan. 2020(p)	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2019 - Jan. 2020(p)
Total private	110.5	111.2	111.3	111.5	0.2	145.8	150.7	151.0	151.6	0.4
Goods-producing	97.5	96.5	96.5	96.7	0.2	125.8	128.0	128.4	128.7	0.2
Mining and logging	108.8	104.0	102.4	102.2	-0.2	143.0	144.3	142.1	141.0	-0.8
Construction	102.5	101.6	101.5	102.4	0.9	135.0	137.3	137.3	138.7	1.0
Manufacturing	94.1	93.5	93.5	93.4	-0.1	119.4	121.9	122.3	122.4	0.1
Durable goods	93.5	92.9	92.8	92.7	-0.1	119.2	121.7	122.1	122.0	-0.1
Nondurable goods	95.6	95.2	95.1	95.1	0.0	120.3	123.0	123.5	123.8	0.2
Private service-providing	114.3	115.5	115.6	115.8	0.2	151.9	157.7	158.0	158.7	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103.7	103.0	103.5	103.0	-0.5	133.1	136.2	136.8	136.8	0.0
Wholesale trade	101.1	102.0	101.6	102.0	0.4	130.4	135.4	134.3	135.5	0.9
Retail trade	97.9	96.2	97.4	96.1	-1.3	125.1	127.1	129.2	127.8	-1.1
Transportation and warehousing	124.2	124.2	124.6	124.9	0.2	153.9	157.0	157.8	158.5	0.4
Utilities	101.0	100.6	100.5	101.2	0.7	138.0	139.3	139.9	141.0	0.8
Information	94.0	95.3	95.3	95.4	0.1	139.8	144.4	144.4	146.3	1.3
Financial activities	107.2	108.8	108.2	108.5	0.3	147.9	154.4	154.2	155.3	0.7
Professional and business services	120.2	121.6	121.7	121.8	0.1	161.0	168.2	168.6	169.2	0.4
Education and health services	128.8	132.1	131.8	132.2	0.3	169.9	177.1	176.6	177.0	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	122.8	123.3	123.5	124.3	0.6	161.4	166.7	167.2	168.7	0.9
Other services	107.7	108.9	108.7	109.6	0.8	147.3	152.1	152.2	153.6	0.9
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
Industry	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)
Total nonfarm	74,673	75,896	76,016	76,125	49.7	50.0	50.0	50.0
Total private	61,689	62,804	62,921	63,016	48.3	48.6	48.7	48.7
Goods-producing	4,666	4,755	4,764	4,775	22.2	22.5	22.6	22.6
Mining and logging	94	96	97	97	12.6	13.3	13.6	13.6
Construction	959	983	987	992	12.9	13.0	13.1	13.1
Manufacturing	3,613	3,676	3,680	3,686	28.2	28.6	28.6	28.7
Durable goods	1,914	1,951	1,954	1,959	23.7	24.2	24.2	24.3
Nondurable goods	1,699	1,725	1,726	1,727	35.6	35.9	36.0	36.0
Private service-providing	57,023	58,049	58,157	58,241	53.5	53.7	53.8	53.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,094	11,117	11,138	11,132	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
Wholesale trade	1,764.4	1,786.0	1,791.5	1,793.6	30.0	30.1	30.2	30.2
Retail trade	7,797.7	7,743.2	7,746.9	7,734.8	49.7	49.5	49.4	49.4
Transportation and warehousing	1,400.6	1,456.4	1,466.2	1,471.0	25.1	25.7	25.9	25.9
Utilities	130.8	131.8	133.2	132.4	23.7	24.1	24.3	24.2
Information	1,122	1,145	1,146	1,145	39.5	39.8	39.8	39.7
Financial activities	4,914	4,979	4,992	4,984	56.6	56.6	56.7	56.6
Professional and business services	9,580	9,825	9,849	9,876	45.3	45.7	45.8	45.9
Education and health services	18,457	18,919	18,937	18,976	77.2	77.4	77.4	77.4
Leisure and hospitality	8,729	8,906	8,937	8,965	52.9	53.2	53.3	53.3
Other services	3,127	3,158	3,158	3,163	53.4	53.3	53.3	53.2
Government	12,984	13,092	13,095	13,109	57.7	57.8	57.8	57.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]
Industry	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)
Total private	105,168	106,156	106,264	106,441
Goods-producing	15,132	15,114	15,105	15,123
Mining and logging	555	524	514	510
Construction	5,579	5,612	5,617	5,654
Manufacturing	8,998	8,978	8,974	8,959
Durable goods	5,561	5,536	5,534	5,522
Nondurable goods	3,437	3,442	3,440	3,437
Private service-providing	90,036	91,042	91,159	91,318
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,469	23,444	23,497	23,533
Wholesale trade	4,730.2	4,742.5	4,752.5	4,758.1
Retail trade	13,410.3	13,314.7	13,339.5	13,352.1
Transportation and warehousing	4,885.8	4,948.0	4,966.1	4,984.4
Utilities	442.2	438.6	438.8	438.4
Information	2,293	2,310	2,313	2,317
Financial activities	6,721	6,806	6,807	6,811
Professional and business services	17,215	17,429	17,434	17,453
Education and health services	20,991	21,456	21,486	21,547
Leisure and hospitality	14,497	14,703	14,734	14,756
Other services	4,850	4,894	4,888	4,901
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.8	33.5	33.5	33.6
Goods-producing	41.6	40.8	40.8	40.9
Mining and logging	46.6	46.5	46.3	45.8
Construction	40.5	39.4	39.4	39.8
Manufacturing	42.0	41.4	41.4	41.4
Durable goods	42.3	41.8	41.7	41.7
Nondurable goods	41.4	40.8	40.8	40.9
Private service-providing	32.5	32.3	32.3	32.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	33.6	33.8	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.6	38.6	38.7
Retail trade	30.5	29.9	30.3	30.4
Transportation and warehousing	38.1	37.9	37.9	37.8
Utilities	42.6	42.9	43.0	43.0
Information	35.4	35.1	35.1	35.1
Financial activities	37.0	37.0	36.8	37.0
Professional and business services	35.5	35.4	35.3	35.4
Education and health services	32.2	32.2	32.2	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	24.9	24.7	24.7	24.7
Other services	30.9	30.8	30.8	31.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.1
Durable goods	4.6	4.1	4.1	4.1
Nondurable goods	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)
Total private	$23.11	$23.81	$23.84	$23.87	$781.12	$797.64	$798.64	$802.03
Goods-producing	24.42	24.98	25.07	25.08	1,015.87	1,019.18	1,022.86	1,025.77
Mining and logging	29.00	30.55	30.63	30.22	1,351.40	1,420.58	1,418.17	1,384.08
Construction	28.19	28.72	28.88	28.89	1,141.70	1,131.57	1,137.87	1,149.82
Manufacturing	21.84	22.39	22.44	22.45	917.28	926.95	929.02	929.43
Durable goods	22.78	23.34	23.42	23.41	963.59	975.61	976.61	976.20
Nondurable goods	20.29	20.81	20.83	20.87	840.01	849.05	849.86	853.58
Private service-providing	22.83	23.57	23.58	23.61	741.98	761.31	761.63	764.96
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20.21	20.88	20.85	20.92	687.14	701.57	704.73	709.19
Wholesale trade	25.52	26.33	26.15	26.24	990.18	1,016.34	1,009.39	1,015.49
Retail trade	16.23	16.86	16.90	16.91	495.02	504.11	512.07	514.06
Transportation and warehousing	22.04	22.48	22.52	22.69	839.72	851.99	853.51	857.68
Utilities	36.77	36.97	37.27	37.68	1,566.40	1,586.01	1,602.61	1,620.24
Information	33.10	34.43	34.41	34.46	1,171.74	1,208.49	1,207.79	1,209.55
Financial activities	27.28	28.02	28.08	28.16	1,009.36	1,036.74	1,033.34	1,041.92
Professional and business services	27.23	28.23	28.27	28.32	966.67	999.34	997.93	1,002.53
Education and health services	24.03	24.63	24.68	24.60	773.77	793.09	794.70	792.12
Leisure and hospitality	14.23	14.73	14.77	14.85	354.33	363.83	364.82	366.80
Other services	21.22	21.62	21.70	21.74	655.70	665.90	668.36	673.94
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Industry	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2019 - Jan. 2020(p)	Jan. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019(p)	Jan. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2019 - Jan. 2020(p)
Total private	118.5	118.5	118.6	119.2	0.5	183.0	188.6	189.0	190.1	0.6
Goods-producing	96.2	94.2	94.2	94.5	0.3	143.8	144.1	144.6	145.2	0.4
Mining and logging	137.4	129.5	126.5	124.1	-1.9	231.8	230.1	225.3	218.2	-3.2
Construction	113.1	110.7	110.8	112.7	1.7	172.2