Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-25-0133
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, February 7, 2025

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JANUARY 2025


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 143,000 in January, and the unemployment rate edged
down to 4.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred
in health care, retail trade, and social assistance. Employment declined in the mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction industry.
 
This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											     |
|                       Changes to The Employment Situation Data			     |
|											     |
| Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking	     |
| process and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. Also, household survey data	     |
| for January 2025 reflect updated population estimates. See the notes at the end of this    |
| news release for more information.							     |
|____________________________________________________________________________________________|


Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate edged down to 4.0 percent in January, after accounting for the annual
adjustments to the population controls. The number of unemployed people, at 6.8 million,
changed little over the month. (See table A-1. See the note at the end of this news release
and tables B and C for more information about annual population adjustments to the household
survey estimates.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women
(3.7 percent), teenagers (11.8 percent), Whites (3.5 percent), Blacks (6.2 percent), Asians
(3.7 percent), and Hispanics (4.8 percent) showed little or no change in January. (See tables
A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.4 million,
changed little in January. The long-term unemployed accounted for 21.1 percent of all
unemployed people. (See table A-12.)

In January, both the labor force participation rate (62.6 percent) and the employment-
population ratio (60.1 percent) were unchanged, after accounting for the annual adjustments
to the population controls. Both measures have been relatively flat in recent months. (See
table A-1. For additional information about the effects of the population adjustments, see
table C.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 million, changed little
in January. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See
table A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 5.5 million, was
little changed in January. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were
not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to
take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.6 million, was essentially unchanged in January. These individuals
wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months
but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for
them, changed little at 592,000 in January. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 143,000 in January, similar to the average monthly
gain of 166,000 in 2024. In January, job gains occurred in health care, retail trade, and
social assistance. Employment declined in the mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
industry. (See table B-1. See the note at the end of this news release and table A for more
information about the annual benchmark process.)

Health care added 44,000 jobs in January, with gains in hospitals (+14,000), nursing and
residential care facilities (+13,000), and home health care services (+11,000). Job growth in
health care averaged 57,000 per month in 2024.

Employment in retail trade increased by 34,000 in January. Job gains occurred in general
merchandise retailers (+31,000) and furniture and home furnishings retailers (+5,000).
Electronics and appliance retailers lost 7,000 jobs. Retail trade employment had shown little
net change in 2024.

Social assistance added 22,000 jobs in January, led by individual and family services
(+20,000). Employment also rose in the community food and housing, emergency, and other relief
services industry (+4,000). Employment in social assistance grew by an average of 20,000 per
month in 2024.

Government employment continued to trend up in January (+32,000), similar to the average 
monthly gain in 2024 (+38,000).

Employment in the mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction industry declined by 8,000
over the month, following little net change in 2024. In January, the job loss was concentrated
in support activities for mining (-8,000).

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including
construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, information,
financial activities, professional and business services, leisure and hospitality, and other
services.

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 17
cents, or 0.5 percent, to $35.87. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 4.1 percent. In January, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees rose by 16 cents, or 0.5 percent, to $30.84. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to
34.1 hours in January. In manufacturing, the average workweek was little changed at 40.0 hours,
and overtime was unchanged at 2.8 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 hour to 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised up by 49,000, from
+212,000 to +261,000, and the change for December was revised up by 51,000, from +256,000 to
+307,000. With these revisions, employment in November and December combined is 100,000 higher
than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the 
recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual benchmark process also contributed to the
November and December revisions.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 7, 2025,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).



                            Revisions to Establishment Survey Data

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have been
benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2024. These counts are
derived principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which counts
jobs covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. The benchmark process results in
revisions to not seasonally adjusted data from April 2023 forward. Seasonally adjusted data 
from January 2020 forward are subject to revision. In addition, data for some series prior to
2020, both seasonally adjusted and unadjusted, incorporate other revisions.

The seasonally adjusted total nonfarm employment level for March 2024 was revised downward by
589,000. On a not seasonally adjusted basis, the total nonfarm employment level for March 2024
was revised downward by 598,000, or -0.4 percent. Not seasonally adjusted, the absolute average
benchmark revision over the past 10 years is 0.1 percent. 

The over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for March 2024 was revised from +2,900,000
to +2,346,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on
a seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2024.

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/ces/data/home.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark and post-
benchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at 
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.


Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2024, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                                   |                                
                 |                Level              |      Over-the-month change     
                 |---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Year and month  |           |    As     |           |           |    As    |           
                 |    As     |previously | Difference|    As     |previously| Difference
                 |  revised  |published  |           |  revised  |published |           
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
       2024      |           |           |           |           |          |           
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
January......... |  157,049  |  157,560  |    -511   |    119    |    256   |  -137
February........ |  157,271  |  157,796  |    -525   |    222    |    236   |   -14
March........... |  157,517  |  158,106  |    -589   |    246    |    310   |   -64
April........... |  157,635  |  158,214  |    -579   |    118    |    108   |    10
May............. |  157,828  |  158,430  |    -602   |    193    |    216   |   -23
June............ |  157,915  |  158,548  |    -633   |     87    |    118   |   -31
July............ |  158,003  |  158,692  |    -689   |     88    |    144   |   -56
August.......... |  158,074  |  158,770  |    -696   |     71    |     78   |    -7
September....... |  158,314  |  159,025  |    -711   |    240    |    255   |   -15
October......... |  158,358  |  159,068  |    -710   |     44    |     43   |     1
November........ |  158,619  |  159,280  |    -661   |    261    |    212   |    49
December(p)..... |  158,926  |  159,536  |    -610   |    307    |    256   |    51
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary


               Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey

Effective with data for January 2025, updated population estimates were incorporated into the
household survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the U.S.
Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates their population estimates to incorporate
new information and assumptions about the growth of the population since the most recent 
population base year, typically the last decennial census. The change in population reflected
in the new estimates results from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital
statistics on births and deaths, and improvements in estimation methodology.

This year’s adjustment was large relative to adjustments in past years. It reflects both
updated methodology and new information about net international migration in recent years.

In accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise the official household survey estimates
for December 2024 and earlier months. However, to show the impact of the population 
adjustments, table B displays differences in selected December 2024 labor force series based
on the old and new population estimates. 

Table B shows the adjustment increased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over in December by 2.9 million. The increases in population were
relatively large for Asians and Hispanics. The adjustment increased the total civilian labor
force by 2.1 million, including increases of 2.0 million in employment and 105,000 in
unemployment. The number of people not in the labor force increased by 765,000. Although the 
effect on levels was relatively large, the effect on rates and ratios was small. The adjustment 
increased the total unemployment rate, employment-population ratio, and labor force
participation rate by 0.1 percentage point each. The effects of the adjustment on these rates
for the major worker groups were also relatively small. 

These annual population adjustments can affect the comparability of household data series over
time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new population estimates on the change
in selected labor force measures between December 2024 and January 2025. Additional information
on the population adjustments and their effects on national labor force estimates is available
at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf. 

Although the official household survey estimates will not be revised, BLS will produce
experimental time series back to April 2020 for the total labor force and total employed that
account for the January 2025 population control effects. These experimental series will be
available in the CPS technical documentation shortly after the publication of this news release 
on February 7, 2025, at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. 

Population controls for veterans have also been updated with the release of data for January
2025. These controls are derived from a Department of Veterans Affairs population model. 
Historical data have not been revised.



    
Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2024 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted 
(Numbers in thousands)
    

        

            
Category
            
Total
            
Men
            
Women
            
White
            
Black or 
 African 
 Ameri- 
 can
            
Asian
            
Hispanic or 
 Latino 
 ethnicity
        
    
    

        

            
Civilian noninstitutional population
            
2,871
            
1,470
            
1,400
            
1,419
            
392
            
844
            
1,277

        
        

            
  Civilian labor force
            
2,106
            
1,156
            
949
            
1,088
            
276
            
581
            
928

        
        

			
      Participation rate
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0.2
            
0.2

        
        

            
    Employed
            
2,000
            
1,096
            
904
            
1,040
            
257
            
558
            
877

        
        

        	
      Employment-population ratio
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0.1

        
        

        	
    Unemployed
        	
105
        	
59
        	
45
        	
48
        	
20
        	
24
        	
52

        
        

        	
      Unemployment rate
            
0.1
            
0
            
0.1
            
0
            
0.1
            
0
            
0

        
        

            
  Not in labor force
            
765
            
314
            
451
            
332
            
115
            
263
            
348

        
    
    

		

			

				

					NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

				
			
		
    





    
Table C. December 2024-January 2025 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for population control effects 
(Numbers in thousands)
    

        

            
Category
            
Dec.-Jan. 
 change, as 
 published
            
2025 
 population 
 control effect
            
Dec.-Jan. change, after 
 removing the 
 population control 
 effect(1)
        
    
    

        

            
Civilian noninstitutional population
            
3,047
            
2,871
            
176

        
        

            
  Civilian labor force
            
2,197
            
2,106
            
91

        
        

			
      Participation rate
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0

        
        

            
    Employed
            
2,234
            
2,000
            
234

        
        

        	
      Employment-population ratio
            
0.1
            
0.1
            
0

        
        

        	
    Unemployed
        	
-37
        	
105
        	
-142

        
        

        	
      Unemployment rate
            
-0.1
            
0.1
            
-0.2

        
        

            
  Not in labor force
            
850
            
765
            
85

        
    
    

		

			

				

						(1) This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

				
			
		
		

			

				

					NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

				
			
		
    

 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											     |
|                    Southern California Wildfires and Severe Winter Weather		     |
|											     |
| Wildfires in Southern California began in early January and continued through the	     |
| reference periods for both the household and establishment surveys. Severe winter weather  |
| occurred in much of the country during the January reference periods for both surveys.     |
| These events had no discernible effect on national payroll employment, hours, and earnings |
| from the establishment survey, nor on the national unemployment rate from the household    |
| survey. Response rates for the two surveys were within normal ranges. For information on   |
| how weather can affect data on employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently Asked    |
| Questions section of this news release.						     |
|____________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Change from: Dec. 2024- Jan. 2025
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,540	269,463	269,638	272,685	-
Civilian labor force	167,339	168,304	168,547	170,744	-
Participation rate	62.5	62.5	62.5	62.6	-
Employed	161,190	161,183	161,661	163,895	-
Employment-population ratio	60.2	59.8	60.0	60.1	-
Unemployed	6,149	7,121	6,886	6,849	-
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.2	4.1	4.0	-
Not in labor force	100,201	101,159	101,091	101,941	-
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.7	4.2	4.1	4.0	-
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.7	-
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.2	3.9	3.8	3.7	-
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	10.6	13.1	12.4	11.8	-
White	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.5	-
Black or African American	5.3	6.4	6.1	6.2	-
Asian	2.9	3.8	3.5	3.7	-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.0	5.3	5.1	4.8	-
Total, 25 years and over	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.3	-
Less than a high school diploma	6.0	6.0	5.6	5.2	-
High school graduates, no college	4.3	4.6	4.3	4.5	-
Some college or associate degree	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.5	-
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.1	2.5	2.4	2.3	-
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,030	3,394	3,251	3,235	-
Job leavers	793	854	947	912	-
Reentrants	1,857	2,182	2,031	2,124	-
New entrants	558	690	655	659	-
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,143	2,208	2,156	2,290	-
5 to 14 weeks	1,852	2,063	1,997	1,935	-
15 to 26 weeks	877	1,236	1,207	1,161	-
27 weeks and over	1,272	1,654	1,551	1,443	-
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,418	4,469	4,358	4,477	-
Slack work or business conditions	2,980	3,125	2,867	2,893	-
Could only find part-time work	1,040	1,084	1,195	1,195	-
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,176	22,380	22,514	22,299	-
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,647	1,572	1,562	1,590	-
Discouraged workers	446	401	480	592	-
- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls. NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	119	261	307	143
Total private	73	244	273	111
Goods-producing	10	28	-2	0
Mining and logging	-5	2	-3	-7
Construction	14	6	13	4
Manufacturing	1	20	-12	3
Durable goods(1)	-10	27	-18	-3
Motor vehicles and parts	-2.7	-0.9	-5.4	-9.7
Nondurable goods	11	-7	6	6
Private service-providing	63	216	275	111
Wholesale trade	-9.4	5.1	12.9	2.0
Retail trade	-22.9	-13.5	36.3	34.3
Transportation and warehousing	-3.8	27.7	21.5	1.1
Utilities	1.5	-0.3	-0.8	0.1
Information	4	5	16	2
Financial activities	-11	16	19	7
Professional and business services(1)	3	37	31	-11
Temporary help services	-10.9	30.0	-3.0	-12.4
Private education and health services(1)	99	73	82	61
Health care and social assistance	79.9	78.9	80.7	66.0
Leisure and hospitality	-8	54	49	-3
Other services	11	12	9	17
Government	46	17	34	32
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	176	182	204	237
Total private	128	150	172	209
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.5	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.4	81.4	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.2	34.3	34.2	34.1
Average hourly earnings	$34.47	$35.61	$35.70	$35.87
Average weekly earnings	$1,178.87	$1,221.42	$1,220.94	$1,223.17
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.0	116.3	116.2	116.0
Over-the-month percent change	-0.5	0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	189.4	198.0	198.4	198.9
Over-the-month percent change	-0.1	0.5	0.2	0.3
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	55.0	58.6	57.2	55.0
Manufacturing (72 industries)	45.8	47.9	44.4	52.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
   employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
   estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
   Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
   the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
   please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 631,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-86,000 to +186,000 (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Jan. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,540	269,638	272,685	267,540	269,080	269,289	269,463	269,638	272,685
Civilian labor force	166,428	167,746	169,814	167,339	168,703	168,428	168,304	168,547	170,744
Participation rate	62.2	62.2	62.3	62.5	62.7	62.5	62.5	62.5	62.6
Employed	159,650	161,294	162,347	161,190	161,802	161,456	161,183	161,661	163,895
Employment-population ratio	59.7	59.8	59.5	60.2	60.1	60.0	59.8	60.0	60.1
Unemployed	6,778	6,452	7,467	6,149	6,901	6,972	7,121	6,886	6,849
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.8	4.4	3.7	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.0
Not in labor force	101,113	101,892	102,871	100,201	100,377	100,861	101,159	101,091	101,941
People who currently want a job	5,964	5,294	5,658	5,783	5,683	5,652	5,483	5,505	5,479
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,436	131,455	133,010	130,436	131,186	131,287	131,371	131,455	133,010
Civilian labor force	88,014	88,712	89,844	88,555	89,339	89,378	89,151	89,295	90,393
Participation rate	67.5	67.5	67.5	67.9	68.1	68.1	67.9	67.9	68.0
Employed	83,959	85,139	85,611	85,073	85,562	85,592	85,318	85,620	86,733
Employment-population ratio	64.4	64.8	64.4	65.2	65.2	65.2	64.9	65.1	65.2
Unemployed	4,055	3,574	4,233	3,482	3,777	3,785	3,833	3,675	3,660
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.0	4.7	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.0
Not in labor force	42,422	42,743	43,166	41,881	41,848	41,909	42,220	42,160	42,617
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,539	122,480	123,918	121,539	122,221	122,316	122,398	122,480	123,918
Civilian labor force	85,134	85,558	86,808	85,398	86,042	86,191	85,982	85,945	87,067
Participation rate	70.0	69.9	70.1	70.3	70.4	70.5	70.2	70.2	70.3
Employed	81,485	82,378	82,954	82,331	82,783	82,851	82,633	82,739	83,803
Employment-population ratio	67.0	67.3	66.9	67.7	67.7	67.7	67.5	67.6	67.6
Unemployed	3,650	3,179	3,854	3,067	3,258	3,339	3,348	3,206	3,264
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.7	4.4	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.7
Not in labor force	36,405	36,923	37,110	36,141	36,179	36,125	36,417	36,535	36,851
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	137,104	138,183	139,674	137,104	137,894	138,002	138,092	138,183	139,674
Civilian labor force	78,413	79,034	79,969	78,784	79,365	79,050	79,153	79,252	80,351
Participation rate	57.2	57.2	57.3	57.5	57.6	57.3	57.3	57.4	57.5
Employed	75,691	76,155	76,736	76,117	76,240	75,864	75,865	76,041	77,162
Employment-population ratio	55.2	55.1	54.9	55.5	55.3	55.0	54.9	55.0	55.2
Unemployed	2,723	2,879	3,234	2,667	3,125	3,187	3,288	3,211	3,189
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.6	4.0	3.4	3.9	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0
Not in labor force	58,691	59,149	59,705	58,320	58,529	58,952	58,939	58,931	59,324
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,503	129,518	130,908	128,503	129,236	129,340	129,428	129,518	130,908
Civilian labor force	75,382	75,961	77,020	75,554	76,110	75,916	75,920	75,994	77,203
Participation rate	58.7	58.6	58.8	58.8	58.9	58.7	58.7	58.7	59.0
Employed	72,909	73,359	74,136	73,149	73,397	73,152	72,988	73,135	74,380
Employment-population ratio	56.7	56.6	56.6	56.9	56.8	56.6	56.4	56.5	56.8
Unemployed	2,473	2,602	2,884	2,405	2,713	2,764	2,932	2,859	2,822
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.4	3.7	3.2	3.6	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.7
Not in labor force	53,121	53,557	53,888	52,949	53,126	53,423	53,509	53,524	53,706
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,498	17,640	17,859	17,498	17,623	17,633	17,636	17,640	17,859
Civilian labor force	5,911	6,227	5,986	6,388	6,552	6,321	6,403	6,607	6,474
Participation rate	33.8	35.3	33.5	36.5	37.2	35.8	36.3	37.5	36.3
Employed	5,256	5,556	5,257	5,710	5,621	5,453	5,562	5,786	5,712
Employment-population ratio	30.0	31.5	29.4	32.6	31.9	30.9	31.5	32.8	32.0
Unemployed	655	671	728	677	930	868	841	821	763
Unemployment rate	11.1	10.8	12.2	10.6	14.2	13.7	13.1	12.4	11.8
Not in labor force	11,587	11,412	11,873	11,111	11,072	11,312	11,233	11,033	11,385
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Jan. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	204,608	205,598	207,088	204,608	205,338	205,444	205,521	205,598	207,088
Civilian labor force	126,338	127,352	128,282	127,018	128,126	127,746	127,710	127,827	128,988
Participation rate	61.7	61.9	61.9	62.1	62.4	62.2	62.1	62.2	62.3
Employed	121,515	122,986	123,231	122,706	123,445	122,901	122,856	123,213	124,431
Employment-population ratio	59.4	59.8	59.5	60.0	60.1	59.8	59.8	59.9	60.1
Unemployed	4,823	4,366	5,051	4,312	4,681	4,845	4,854	4,614	4,557
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.4	3.9	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.5
Not in labor force	78,270	78,245	78,806	77,590	77,212	77,699	77,811	77,770	78,100
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,675	66,039	66,565	65,900	66,375	66,431	66,289	66,244	66,794
Participation rate	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.8	70.1	70.1	69.9	69.8	69.9
Employed	63,018	63,838	64,034	63,703	64,101	64,078	63,965	64,087	64,721
Employment-population ratio	66.8	67.3	67.0	67.5	67.7	67.6	67.5	67.6	67.7
Unemployed	2,657	2,202	2,530	2,196	2,274	2,353	2,324	2,156	2,073
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.3	3.8	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,154	56,522	56,973	56,240	56,670	56,425	56,462	56,502	57,063
Participation rate	57.6	57.7	57.7	57.7	57.9	57.6	57.6	57.6	57.8
Employed	54,474	54,816	55,040	54,628	54,921	54,578	54,545	54,607	55,195
Employment-population ratio	55.8	55.9	55.8	56.0	56.1	55.7	55.7	55.7	55.9
Unemployed	1,679	1,706	1,933	1,612	1,749	1,847	1,916	1,895	1,868
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.0	3.4	2.9	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,510	4,791	4,745	4,879	5,082	4,890	4,959	5,082	5,131
Participation rate	35.6	37.7	37.0	38.5	39.9	38.4	39.0	40.0	40.0
Employed	4,022	4,333	4,157	4,376	4,423	4,245	4,346	4,519	4,516
Employment-population ratio	31.7	34.1	32.4	34.5	34.8	33.4	34.2	35.5	35.2
Unemployed	487	458	588	503	658	645	613	563	616
Unemployment rate	10.8	9.6	12.4	10.3	13.0	13.2	12.4	11.1	12.0
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,813	35,194	35,621	34,813	35,092	35,128	35,161	35,194	35,621
Civilian labor force	21,904	21,822	22,131	22,056	22,052	22,086	21,952	21,971	22,260
Participation rate	62.9	62.0	62.1	63.4	62.8	62.9	62.4	62.4	62.5
Employed	20,703	20,593	20,704	20,886	20,790	20,821	20,556	20,640	20,874
Employment-population ratio	59.5	58.5	58.1	60.0	59.2	59.3	58.5	58.6	58.6
Unemployed	1,201	1,229	1,427	1,169	1,262	1,266	1,396	1,331	1,386
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.6	6.4	5.3	5.7	5.7	6.4	6.1	6.2
Not in labor force	12,909	13,372	13,489	12,757	13,040	13,042	13,208	13,223	13,361
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,197	10,137	10,400	10,265	10,342	10,330	10,267	10,207	10,451
Participation rate	68.9	67.8	68.7	69.4	69.3	69.2	68.7	68.2	69.0
Employed	9,606	9,587	9,625	9,714	9,809	9,745	9,655	9,631	9,728
Employment-population ratio	64.9	64.1	63.6	65.6	65.8	65.3	64.6	64.4	64.2
Unemployed	590	550	775	551	533	585	612	576	723
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.4	7.5	5.4	5.2	5.7	6.0	5.6	6.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,940	10,928	11,108	10,970	10,941	10,993	10,953	10,986	11,133
Participation rate	62.8	62.1	62.4	63.0	62.3	62.6	62.3	62.4	62.5
Employed	10,416	10,386	10,510	10,446	10,356	10,444	10,301	10,388	10,534
Employment-population ratio	59.8	59.0	59.0	59.9	59.0	59.5	58.6	59.0	59.2
Unemployed	525	542	598	524	585	549	651	598	598
Unemployment rate	4.8	5.0	5.4	4.8	5.3	5.0	5.9	5.4	5.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	767	757	623	821	769	764	733	778	677
Participation rate	29.6	28.7	23.3	31.7	29.3	29.0	27.8	29.5	25.3
Employed	681	620	569	726	625	632	600	621	612
Employment-population ratio	26.3	23.5	21.3	28.0	23.7	24.0	22.8	23.5	22.9
Unemployed	86	137	54	95	145	132	133	157	64
Unemployment rate	11.3	18.1	8.7	11.6	18.8	17.3	18.1	20.2	9.5
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,930	18,174	19,111	17,930	17,902	18,107	18,213	18,174	19,111
Civilian labor force	11,495	11,626	12,283	11,568	11,664	11,835	11,759	11,680	12,359
Participation rate	64.1	64.0	64.3	64.5	65.2	65.4	64.6	64.3	64.7
Employed	11,146	11,242	11,815	11,231	11,185	11,370	11,318	11,267	11,906
Employment-population ratio	62.2	61.9	61.8	62.6	62.5	62.8	62.1	62.0	62.3
Unemployed	349	383	467	337	478	466	441	413	453
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.3	3.8	2.9	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.5	3.7
Not in labor force	6,435	6,548	6,828	6,363	6,238	6,272	6,454	6,494	6,752
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Jan. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,364	49,483	50,869	48,364	49,180	49,286	49,385	49,483	50,869
Civilian labor force	32,260	33,315	33,983	32,335	33,129	33,003	33,039	33,415	33,997
Participation rate	66.7	67.3	66.8	66.9	67.4	67.0	66.9	67.5	66.8
Employed	30,389	31,627	32,099	30,729	31,441	31,315	31,297	31,702	32,373
Employment-population ratio	62.8	63.9	63.1	63.5	63.9	63.5	63.4	64.1	63.6
Unemployed	1,871	1,687	1,884	1,605	1,688	1,688	1,743	1,713	1,623
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.1	5.5	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.3	5.1	4.8
Not in labor force	16,104	16,169	16,886	16,029	16,051	16,283	16,345	16,068	16,873
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,372	17,815	18,258	17,363	17,698	17,756	17,716	17,885	18,249
Participation rate	79.5	79.6	79.2	79.4	79.6	79.7	79.4	79.9	79.2
Employed	16,315	17,056	17,305	16,528	16,979	17,049	16,941	17,162	17,518
Employment-population ratio	74.6	76.2	75.1	75.6	76.4	76.5	75.9	76.7	76.0
Unemployed	1,057	759	954	835	719	706	775	723	731
Unemployment rate	6.1	4.3	5.2	4.8	4.1	4.0	4.4	4.0	4.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,329	14,001	14,233	13,361	13,888	13,759	13,879	13,985	14,204
Participation rate	60.7	62.3	61.7	60.8	62.2	61.5	61.9	62.2	61.6
Employed	12,697	13,280	13,546	12,781	13,224	13,046	13,154	13,241	13,564
Employment-population ratio	57.8	59.1	58.7	58.2	59.2	58.3	58.6	58.9	58.8
Unemployed	632	720	687	580	665	713	724	744	640
Unemployment rate	4.7	5.1	4.8	4.3	4.8	5.2	5.2	5.3	4.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,558	1,499	1,492	1,610	1,543	1,487	1,445	1,545	1,544
Participation rate	34.3	32.3	31.4	35.5	33.4	32.2	31.2	33.3	32.5
Employed	1,377	1,291	1,249	1,420	1,238	1,220	1,201	1,298	1,291
Employment-population ratio	30.3	27.9	26.3	31.3	26.8	26.4	26.0	28.0	27.2
Unemployed	181	208	243	190	304	268	244	247	252
Unemployment rate	11.6	13.9	16.3	11.8	19.7	18.0	16.9	16.0	16.3
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,281	9,245	9,350	9,277	9,260	9,060	9,074	9,219	9,346
Participation rate	47.1	47.7	47.4	47.1	47.6	48.4	47.2	47.6	47.4
Employed	8,562	8,684	8,706	8,717	8,633	8,465	8,530	8,700	8,858
Employment-population ratio	43.5	44.8	44.1	44.3	44.4	45.2	44.3	44.9	44.9
Unemployed	719	561	644	560	627	595	544	519	487
Unemployment rate	7.7	6.1	6.9	6.0	6.8	6.6	6.0	5.6	5.2
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,853	35,764	36,526	35,962	36,198	35,876	36,038	35,931	36,582
Participation rate	56.9	56.7	57.0	57.1	56.7	56.7	56.9	56.9	57.1
Employed	34,116	34,213	34,687	34,423	34,742	34,436	34,380	34,376	34,954
Employment-population ratio	54.2	54.2	54.1	54.6	54.4	54.5	54.3	54.5	54.5
Unemployed	1,736	1,551	1,839	1,539	1,455	1,440	1,658	1,555	1,628
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.3	5.0	4.3	4.0	4.0	4.6	4.3	4.5
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,167	35,634	36,123	36,174	35,871	35,710	35,658	35,652	36,049
Participation rate	62.6	62.6	62.9	62.6	63.1	62.2	62.5	62.7	62.8
Employed	34,922	34,459	34,777	34,992	34,650	34,496	34,370	34,409	34,774
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.6	60.5	60.5	60.9	60.1	60.2	60.5	60.5
Unemployed	1,245	1,174	1,345	1,182	1,220	1,213	1,288	1,242	1,275
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.3	3.7	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.5
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	64,039	65,676	66,215	64,197	65,473	65,938	65,763	65,687	66,334
Participation rate	72.6	72.1	72.3	72.7	72.9	72.5	72.5	72.1	72.4
Employed	62,621	64,207	64,673	62,830	63,956	64,283	64,149	64,079	64,831
Employment-population ratio	71.0	70.4	70.6	71.2	71.2	70.7	70.7	70.3	70.7
Unemployed	1,418	1,469	1,543	1,367	1,517	1,655	1,614	1,609	1,504
Unemployment rate	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.3
Footnotes (1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,704	17,400	15,660	15,329	2,044	2,071
Civilian labor force	8,701	8,606	7,500	7,344	1,201	1,261
Participation rate	49.1	49.5	47.9	47.9	58.7	60.9
Employed	8,411	8,244	7,268	7,044	1,143	1,200
Employment-population ratio	47.5	47.4	46.4	46.0	55.9	57.9
Unemployed	290	362	232	300	58	62
Unemployment rate	3.3	4.2	3.1	4.1	4.8	4.9
Not in labor force	9,003	8,794	8,160	7,985	843	810
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,165	5,512	4,197	4,509	968	1,003
Civilian labor force	4,187	4,328	3,442	3,583	745	745
Participation rate	81.1	78.5	82.0	79.5	77.0	74.2
Employed	4,033	4,123	3,323	3,420	710	702
Employment-population ratio	78.1	74.8	79.2	75.9	73.4	70.0
Unemployed	154	205	120	163	34	43
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.7	3.5	4.5	4.6	5.7
Not in labor force	977	1,184	755	925	223	259
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,908	3,302	2,490	2,815	418	487
Civilian labor force	2,151	2,311	1,871	1,987	279	324
Participation rate	73.9	70.0	75.2	70.6	66.7	66.6
Employed	2,073	2,233	1,813	1,913	260	320
Employment-population ratio	71.3	67.6	72.8	67.9	62.1	65.7
Unemployed	78	78	59	74	19	4
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.4	3.1	3.7	6.9	1.3
Not in labor force	758	991	619	828	139	163
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,781	5,014	5,538	4,824	243	190
Civilian labor force	705	665	689	637	17	28
Participation rate	12.2	13.3	12.4	13.2	6.8	14.7
Employed	684	620	668	592	16	28
Employment-population ratio	11.8	12.4	12.1	12.3	6.4	14.7
Unemployed	21	44	20	44	1	0
Unemployment rate	3.0	6.7	3.0	7.0	-	-
Not in labor force	5,076	4,349	4,849	4,187	226	162
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,850	3,572	3,435	3,181	415	391
Civilian labor force	1,658	1,302	1,498	1,138	160	165
Participation rate	43.1	36.5	43.6	35.8	38.6	42.2
Employed	1,622	1,268	1,465	1,119	157	150
Employment-population ratio	42.1	35.5	42.6	35.2	37.8	38.3
Unemployed	36	34	33	19	3	15
Unemployment rate	2.2	2.6	2.2	1.6	2.1	9.2
Not in labor force	2,192	2,270	1,937	2,043	255	226
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	240,502	245,633	110,037	112,775	130,465	132,858
Civilian labor force	155,431	159,139	79,412	81,527	76,018	77,612
Participation rate	64.6	64.8	72.2	72.3	58.3	58.4
Employed	149,168	152,306	75,757	77,710	73,411	74,596
Employment-population ratio	62.0	62.0	68.8	68.9	56.3	56.1
Unemployed	6,263	6,833	3,655	3,817	2,608	3,016
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.7	3.4	3.9
Not in labor force	85,072	86,494	30,625	31,248	54,447	55,246
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	People with a disability		People with no disability
	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,366	34,549	234,174	238,136
Civilian labor force	8,164	8,564	158,263	161,250
Participation rate	24.5	24.8	67.6	67.7
Employed	7,628	7,834	152,021	154,513
Employment-population ratio	22.9	22.7	64.9	64.9
Unemployed	536	730	6,242	6,736
Unemployment rate	6.6	8.5	3.9	4.2
Not in labor force	25,202	25,985	75,911	76,886
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,314	3,718	78,576	79,920
Participation rate	41.2	43.7	82.2	82.6
Employed	3,104	3,346	74,999	76,305
Employment-population ratio	38.6	39.3	78.5	78.9
Unemployed	211	371	3,578	3,615
Unemployment rate	6.4	10.0	4.6	4.5
Not in labor force	4,726	4,797	16,986	16,789
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,436	3,536	69,838	71,110
Participation rate	39.8	40.3	72.4	72.7
Employed	3,205	3,268	67,527	68,325
Employment-population ratio	37.1	37.2	70.1	69.9
Unemployed	231	268	2,311	2,785
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.6	3.3	3.9
Not in labor force	5,197	5,239	26,558	26,671
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,414	1,310	9,849	10,220
Participation rate	8.5	7.6	23.3	23.4
Employed	1,319	1,219	9,496	9,884
Employment-population ratio	7.9	7.1	22.5	22.6
Unemployed	94	91	353	337
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.9	3.6	3.3
Not in labor force	15,279	15,949	32,367	33,426
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	47,544	50,442	23,400	24,765	24,143	25,677
Civilian labor force	31,244	33,307	18,004	18,920	13,240	14,386
Participation rate	65.7	66.0	76.9	76.4	54.8	56.0
Employed	29,842	31,774	17,163	18,049	12,679	13,725
Employment-population ratio	62.8	63.0	73.3	72.9	52.5	53.5
Unemployed	1,402	1,533	841	871	561	662
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.2	4.6
Not in labor force	16,300	17,135	5,397	5,844	10,903	11,291
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	219,996	222,243	107,036	108,246	112,960	113,997
Civilian labor force	135,184	136,507	70,011	70,924	65,173	65,583
Participation rate	61.4	61.4	65.4	65.5	57.7	57.5
Employed	129,807	130,573	66,796	67,562	63,011	63,011
Employment-population ratio	59.0	58.8	62.4	62.4	55.8	55.3
Unemployed	5,376	5,934	3,215	3,362	2,162	2,572
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.7	3.3	3.9
Not in labor force	84,813	85,736	37,025	37,322	47,788	48,414
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,074	2,202	2,202	2,192	2,263	2,246	2,202	2,258	2,319
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,413	1,481	1,486	1,505	1,628	1,569	1,489	1,521	1,573
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	651	696	693	683	617	668	701	723	723
Unpaid family workers	10	26	24	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	157,575	159,091	160,145	158,784	159,531	159,341	159,070	159,469	161,357
Wage and salary workers(1)	148,684	149,896	151,281	149,759	150,213	150,120	149,881	150,253	152,363
Government	21,858	22,399	22,102	21,480	22,220	22,113	22,188	22,109	21,764
Private industries	126,826	127,497	129,179	128,354	128,076	127,994	127,709	128,209	130,742
Private households	773	581	650	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	126,053	126,915	128,529	127,510	127,458	127,444	127,155	127,713	130,025
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,841	9,157	8,831	9,102	9,228	9,171	9,122	9,241	9,103
Unpaid family workers	50	38	33	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,874	4,461	4,935	4,418	4,624	4,565	4,469	4,358	4,477
Slack work or business conditions	3,427	2,989	3,340	2,980	3,028	3,032	3,125	2,867	2,893
Could only find part-time work	1,046	1,150	1,206	1,040	1,260	1,179	1,084	1,195	1,195
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,238	23,068	22,325	22,176	22,553	22,351	22,380	22,514	22,299
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,803	4,385	4,854	4,366	4,527	4,426	4,387	4,299	4,416
Slack work or business conditions	3,390	2,936	3,293	2,953	2,946	2,957	3,072	2,833	2,857
Could only find part-time work	1,038	1,150	1,206	1,032	1,258	1,163	1,077	1,196	1,193
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,878	22,682	21,961	21,815	22,217	21,961	22,029	22,150	21,935
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	159,650	161,294	162,347	161,190	161,802	161,456	161,183	161,661	163,895
16 to 19 years	5,256	5,556	5,257	5,710	5,621	5,453	5,562	5,786	5,712
16 to 17 years	2,071	1,927	1,797	2,289	2,184	1,994	1,930	2,019	1,989
18 to 19 years	3,186	3,630	3,460	3,425	3,408	3,438	3,630	3,762	3,719
20 years and over	154,394	155,738	157,090	155,480	156,180	156,003	155,621	155,875	158,183
20 to 24 years	14,173	14,174	14,247	14,539	14,081	14,208	14,142	14,277	14,606
25 years and over	140,221	141,564	142,843	141,030	142,089	141,757	141,409	141,547	143,606
25 to 54 years	102,991	103,792	105,014	103,526	104,171	103,792	103,615	103,766	105,538
25 to 34 years	35,424	35,611	36,131	35,696	35,566	35,516	35,463	35,563	36,406
35 to 44 years	35,703	36,254	36,710	35,844	36,447	36,295	36,274	36,306	36,841
45 to 54 years	31,864	31,927	32,173	31,985	32,158	31,981	31,878	31,897	32,291
55 years and over	37,230	37,772	37,829	37,504	37,918	37,965	37,794	37,781	38,068
Men, 16 years and over	83,959	85,139	85,611	85,073	85,562	85,592	85,318	85,620	86,733
16 to 19 years	2,475	2,760	2,657	2,742	2,779	2,741	2,685	2,881	2,930
16 to 17 years	934	909	857	1,061	1,035	977	886	980	973
18 to 19 years	1,541	1,851	1,800	1,678	1,726	1,754	1,797	1,899	1,954
20 years and over	81,485	82,378	82,954	82,331	82,783	82,851	82,633	82,739	83,803
20 to 24 years	7,093	7,211	7,162	7,318	7,221	7,188	7,172	7,329	7,381
25 years and over	74,391	75,168	75,792	75,115	75,554	75,632	75,425	75,401	76,517
25 to 54 years	54,500	54,911	55,603	55,034	55,261	55,197	55,113	55,091	56,140
25 to 34 years	18,720	18,781	18,997	18,950	18,858	18,882	18,838	18,806	19,228
35 to 44 years	18,949	19,310	19,648	19,119	19,456	19,425	19,418	19,423	19,820
45 to 54 years	16,830	16,820	16,957	16,964	16,946	16,890	16,856	16,862	17,092
55 years and over	19,892	20,257	20,189	20,081	20,293	20,435	20,312	20,310	20,377
Women, 16 years and over	75,691	76,155	76,736	76,117	76,240	75,864	75,865	76,041	77,162
16 to 19 years	2,781	2,796	2,600	2,969	2,843	2,712	2,877	2,906	2,782
16 to 17 years	1,137	1,017	940	1,227	1,149	1,017	1,043	1,038	1,016
18 to 19 years	1,645	1,779	1,660	1,747	1,682	1,684	1,832	1,863	1,765
20 years and over	72,909	73,359	74,136	73,149	73,397	73,152	72,988	73,135	74,380
20 to 24 years	7,080	6,963	7,085	7,221	6,860	7,020	6,970	6,948	7,225
25 years and over	65,829	66,396	67,051	65,915	66,535	66,125	65,985	66,146	67,089
25 to 54 years	48,491	48,881	49,412	48,492	48,910	48,595	48,502	48,675	49,398
25 to 34 years	16,704	16,830	17,134	16,746	16,707	16,634	16,625	16,757	17,177
35 to 44 years	16,754	16,944	17,062	16,725	16,990	16,869	16,856	16,883	17,022
45 to 54 years	15,033	15,107	15,215	15,021	15,212	15,092	15,022	15,036	15,199
55 years and over	17,338	17,515	17,640	17,423	17,625	17,530	17,482	17,471	17,691
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,519	45,973	45,930	45,690	46,044	46,082	45,828	45,974	46,093
Married women, spouse present(1)	37,034	37,172	37,112	37,037	37,419	37,192	36,993	37,011	37,109
Women who maintain families(2)	9,897	9,720	10,100	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	131,549	133,014	134,234	133,201	133,627	133,471	133,423	133,510	135,896
Part-time workers(4)	28,101	28,280	28,113	27,890	28,128	27,922	27,671	27,918	27,901
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,133	8,607	8,643	8,268	8,653	8,308	8,577	8,478	8,764
Percent of total employed	5.1	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.3	5.1	5.3	5.2	5.3
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,656	6,850	6,821	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,492	9,853	9,524	9,786	9,845	9,839	9,823	9,964	9,827
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Jan. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,149	6,886	6,849	3.7	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.0
16 to 19 years	677	821	763	10.6	14.2	13.7	13.1	12.4	11.8
16 to 17 years	253	314	308	10.0	14.5	11.7	14.1	13.5	13.4
18 to 19 years	419	505	454	10.9	14.1	14.6	12.5	11.8	10.9
20 years and over	5,472	6,065	6,087	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.7
20 to 24 years	926	1,157	1,259	6.0	7.0	7.8	7.8	7.5	7.9
25 years and over	4,609	4,953	4,877	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.3
25 to 54 years	3,486	3,752	3,671	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.4
25 to 34 years	1,466	1,662	1,606	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.5	4.5	4.2
35 to 44 years	1,111	1,276	1,190	3.0	3.4	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.1
45 to 54 years	908	814	875	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.6
55 years and over	1,105	1,199	1,185	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0
Men, 16 years and over	3,482	3,675	3,660	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.0
16 to 19 years	416	469	396	13.2	15.7	14.0	15.3	14.0	11.9
16 to 17 years	189	158	134	15.1	16.8	12.1	18.4	13.9	12.1
18 to 19 years	233	307	263	12.2	15.5	15.2	13.8	13.9	11.9
20 years and over	3,067	3,206	3,264	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.7
20 to 24 years	555	658	746	7.0	7.4	9.1	9.0	8.2	9.2
25 years and over	2,582	2,571	2,572	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,914	1,909	1,944	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.3	3.3
25 to 34 years	780	889	863	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.6	4.5	4.3
35 to 44 years	652	620	600	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.1	2.9
45 to 54 years	482	399	481	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.3	2.7
55 years and over	668	662	628	3.2	2.9	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.0
Women, 16 years and over	2,667	3,211	3,189	3.4	3.9	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0
16 to 19 years	262	352	366	8.1	12.7	13.5	11.0	10.8	11.6
16 to 17 years	65	156	175	5.0	12.3	11.4	10.0	13.0	14.7
18 to 19 years	186	198	191	9.6	12.6	13.9	11.2	9.6	9.8
20 years and over	2,405	2,859	2,822	3.2	3.6	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.7
20 to 24 years	372	500	514	4.9	6.6	6.3	6.6	6.7	6.6
25 years and over	2,028	2,382	2,304	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,571	1,843	1,727	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.4
25 to 34 years	686	773	743	3.9	4.1	4.1	4.4	4.4	4.1
35 to 44 years	459	656	590	2.7	3.4	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.3
45 to 54 years	427	414	394	2.8	2.6	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.5
55 years and over	441	532	558	2.5	2.6	2.6	3.0	3.0	3.1
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	994	1,011	944	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.0
Married women, spouse present(1)	774	936	886	2.0	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.3
Women who maintain families(2)	567	566	582	5.4	4.7	5.0	5.9	5.5	5.5
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,973	5,617	5,677	3.6	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.0
Part-time workers(4)	1,222	1,278	1,227	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.7	4.4	4.2
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,680	3,227	3,885	3,030	3,233	3,363	3,394	3,251	3,235
On temporary layoff	1,345	936	1,318	862	885	820	787	862	835
Not on temporary layoff	2,335	2,291	2,567	2,168	2,348	2,543	2,607	2,389	2,400
Permanent job losers	1,621	1,611	1,759	1,570	1,690	1,822	1,871	1,707	1,708
People who completed temporary jobs	713	680	808	598	659	721	736	682	693
Job leavers	791	887	910	793	819	802	854	947	912
Reentrants	1,851	1,798	2,123	1,857	2,051	2,151	2,182	2,031	2,124
New entrants	456	540	549	558	656	608	690	655	659
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	54.3	50.0	52.0	48.6	47.8	48.6	47.7	47.2	46.7
On temporary layoff	19.8	14.5	17.6	13.8	13.1	11.8	11.1	12.5	12.0
Not on temporary layoff	34.4	35.5	34.4	34.8	34.7	36.7	36.6	34.7	34.6
Job leavers	11.7	13.8	12.2	12.7	12.1	11.6	12.0	13.8	13.2
Reentrants	27.3	27.9	28.4	29.8	30.3	31.1	30.6	29.5	30.7
New entrants	6.7	8.4	7.4	8.9	9.7	8.8	9.7	9.5	9.5
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	2.2	1.9	2.3	1.8	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5
Reentrants	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.2
New entrants	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,559	2,054	2,716	2,143	2,139	2,109	2,208	2,156	2,290
5 to 14 weeks	2,022	1,801	2,101	1,852	1,987	2,082	2,063	1,997	1,935
15 weeks and over	2,196	2,597	2,650	2,149	2,747	2,839	2,890	2,758	2,604
15 to 26 weeks	882	1,135	1,166	877	1,133	1,231	1,236	1,207	1,161
27 weeks and over	1,314	1,463	1,484	1,272	1,614	1,608	1,654	1,551	1,443
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	19.5	23.3	20.6	20.8	22.6	22.9	23.6	23.7	22.0
Median duration, in weeks	8.3	9.8	9.1	9.6	9.9	10.1	10.5	10.4	10.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	37.8	31.8	36.4	34.9	31.1	30.0	30.8	31.2	33.5
5 to 14 weeks	29.8	27.9	28.1	30.1	28.9	29.6	28.8	28.9	28.3
15 weeks and over	32.4	40.3	35.5	35.0	40.0	40.4	40.4	39.9	38.1
15 to 26 weeks	13.0	17.6	15.6	14.3	16.5	17.5	17.3	17.5	17.0
27 weeks and over	19.4	22.7	19.9	20.7	23.5	22.9	23.1	22.4	21.1
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	159,650	162,347	6,778	7,467	4.1	4.4
Management, professional, and related occupations	70,650	71,547	1,527	1,604	2.1	2.2
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,130	30,688	662	657	2.1	2.1
Professional and related occupations	40,520	40,859	866	947	2.1	2.3
Service occupations	25,341	26,550	1,400	1,724	5.2	6.1
Sales and office occupations	29,905	30,450	1,269	1,350	4.1	4.2
Sales and related occupations	14,195	14,243	676	741	4.5	4.9
Office and administrative support occupations	15,709	16,207	593	609	3.6	3.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,136	13,789	973	1,091	6.4	7.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	898	881	125	136	12.2	13.4
Construction and extraction occupations	8,286	7,993	695	686	7.7	7.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,952	4,915	153	268	3.0	5.2
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,618	20,011	1,126	1,149	5.4	5.4
Production occupations	8,020	8,101	402	364	4.8	4.3
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,598	11,910	724	784	5.9	6.2
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,778	7,467	4.1	4.4
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,450	6,000	4.1	4.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	16	30	3.0	5.0
Construction	699	669	6.9	6.5
Manufacturing	512	605	3.4	3.9
Durable goods	284	316	2.9	3.2
Nondurable goods	227	289	4.2	5.2
Wholesale and retail trade	936	1,135	4.6	5.6
Transportation and utilities	351	274	4.3	3.2
Information	156	152	5.5	5.7
Financial activities	214	214	2.1	2.0
Professional and business services	816	958	4.3	4.9
Education and health services	667	739	2.6	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	814	983	6.0	7.4
Other services	269	240	4.0	3.6
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	120	138	8.0	8.8
Government workers	402	363	1.8	1.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	351	417	3.5	4.2
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5
U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.2	1.9	2.3	1.8	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.1	3.8	4.4	3.7	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.3	4.1	4.8	3.9	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.3
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	5.1	4.7	5.3	4.6	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.0	4.9
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	8.0	7.4	8.2	7.2	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.5	7.5
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025	Jan. 2024	Jan. 2025
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	101,113	102,871	42,422	43,166	58,691	59,705
People who currently want a job	5,964	5,658	2,828	2,601	3,135	3,056
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,757	1,703	856	938	901	765
Discouraged workers(2)	466	630	284	392	182	238
Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,292	1,073	572	546	719	527
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,133	8,643	3,957	4,166	4,176	4,477
Percent of total employed	5.1	5.3	4.7	4.9	5.5	5.8
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,602	4,976	2,496	2,612	2,106	2,364
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,048	1,896	729	669	1,319	1,227
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	416	395	245	223	171	172
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,011	1,297	466	637	545	660
Footnotes (1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)	Change from: Dec.2024 - Jan.2025(p)
Total nonfarm	154,942	159,882	159,943	157,091	157,049	158,619	158,926	159,069	143
Total private	131,909	135,893	136,102	133,631	133,896	135,095	135,368	135,479	111
Goods-producing	21,181	21,744	21,624	21,262	21,611	21,669	21,667	21,667	0
Mining and logging	621	626	622	615	632	625	622	615	-7
Logging	42.5	39.6	39.4	39.4	42.3	38.8	39.0	39.1	0.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	578.2	586.8	582.6	575.9	590.1	585.8	583.4	575.7	-7.7
Oil and gas extraction	121.4	123.7	122.4	122.4	122.1	122.9	122.4	122.4	0.0
Mining (except oil and gas)	185.6	192.5	189.5	186.6	191.2	192.0	191.2	191.1	-0.1
Coal mining	42.0	42.3	41.7	41.0	42.3	42.3	41.7	41.0	-0.7
Metal ore mining	44.4	44.7	44.9	45.0	44.6	45.0	45.1	45.1	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	99.2	105.5	102.9	100.6	104.3	104.8	104.4	105.1	0.7
Support activities for mining	271.2	270.6	270.7	266.9	276.8	270.9	269.8	262.2	-7.6
Construction	7,779	8,343	8,218	7,960	8,113	8,274	8,287	8,291	4
Construction of buildings	1,784.8	1,871.6	1,866.2	1,832.0	1,828.9	1,865.5	1,869.2	1,872.2	3.0
Residential building construction	906.3	954.5	954.2	935.3	930.5	951.4	954.1	956.0	1.9
Nonresidential building construction	878.5	917.1	912.0	896.7	898.4	914.1	915.1	916.2	1.1
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,036.7	1,187.7	1,135.1	1,068.8	1,139.3	1,165.8	1,170.8	1,168.5	-2.3
Specialty trade contractors	4,957.9	5,283.4	5,217.1	5,059.4	5,145.0	5,242.9	5,246.9	5,250.4	3.5
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,301.0	2,426.6	2,389.1	2,311.9	2,388.4	2,407.3	2,405.1	2,403.0	-2.1
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,656.9	2,856.8	2,828.0	2,747.5	2,756.6	2,835.6	2,841.8	2,847.4	5.6
Manufacturing	12,781	12,775	12,784	12,687	12,866	12,770	12,758	12,761	3
Durable goods	7,974	7,931	7,933	7,868	8,013	7,925	7,907	7,904	-3
Wood product manufacturing	414.0	415.1	413.9	414.4	416.4	415.6	414.3	417.0	2.7
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	410.8	429.0	427.9	419.0	420.1	425.4	425.6	428.6	3.0
Primary metal manufacturing	371.5	370.8	373.4	371.3	373.4	372.3	372.2	372.3	0.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,445.5	1,436.1	1,434.6	1,435.9	1,450.1	1,436.6	1,433.7	1,437.5	3.8
Machinery manufacturing	1,124.3	1,113.8	1,113.4	1,111.6	1,127.8	1,114.9	1,112.4	1,113.2	0.8
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,036.4	1,017.5	1,016.1	1,007.1	1,040.0	1,018.9	1,014.6	1,010.3	-4.3
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	112.1	110.5	111.9	110.4	112.1	110.4	111.0	110.2	-0.8
Communications equipment manufacturing	84.4	82.1	81.9	81.8	84.8	82.0	81.7	81.7	0.0
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	394.3	385.6	382.7	377.7	395.9	386.3	382.6	378.5	-4.1
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	416.3	409.3	410.1	408.0	417.4	410.3	409.8	410.1	0.3
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	29.3	30.0	29.5	29.2	29.7	29.9	29.6	29.9	0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	415.9	408.8	407.1	408.5	417.1	409.2	406.4	408.5	2.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,791.7	1,787.6	1,792.0	1,751.8	1,799.0	1,781.3	1,776.3	1,763.9	-12.4
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,018.8	1,015.2	1,019.4	987.4	1,024.4	1,010.9	1,005.5	995.8	-9.7
Furniture and related product manufacturing	346.2	339.7	338.9	336.4	348.4	338.7	337.6	336.8	-0.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing	617.6	612.1	616.0	612.2	621.1	611.9	613.9	615.9	2.0
Nondurable goods	4,807	4,844	4,851	4,819	4,853	4,845	4,851	4,857	6
Food manufacturing	1,743.9	1,776.4	1,777.9	1,759.0	1,757.0	1,772.7	1,771.0	1,771.7	0.7
Textile mills	86.0	86.8	86.5	86.3	86.4	86.4	86.5	86.3	-0.2
Textile product mills	98.6	99.2	99.8	99.9	98.7	99.5	99.8	99.7	-0.1
Apparel manufacturing	86.6	83.8	83.5	83.2	87.6	83.6	83.4	84.8	1.4
Paper manufacturing	355.4	355.7	355.3	355.8	355.9	354.6	353.5	355.0	1.5
Printing and related support activities	360.0	355.3	355.6	352.0	363.1	354.1	353.8	354.3	0.5
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	106.4	107.0	105.2	105.6	110.5	108.3	108.4	109.3	0.9
Chemical manufacturing	890.5	895.6	901.4	900.1	896.0	899.3	901.5	902.3	0.8
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	727.5	718.1	720.0	716.1	731.5	718.6	719.6	718.3	-1.3
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	351.7	366.5	366.2	360.7	366.5	368.2	373.8	374.9	1.1
Private service-providing	110,728	114,149	114,478	112,369	112,285	113,426	113,701	113,812	111
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,722	29,455	29,809	28,987	28,819	28,952	29,021	29,059	38
Wholesale trade	6,085.3	6,171.5	6,201.8	6,152.2	6,128.6	6,165.7	6,178.6	6,180.6	2.0
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,404.8	3,455.5	3,470.7	3,449.0	3,421.8	3,453.7	3,458.0	3,458.2	0.2
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,189.6	2,221.0	2,234.2	2,210.2	2,213.2	2,219.6	2,226.5	2,227.1	0.6
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	490.9	495.0	496.9	493.0	493.6	492.4	494.1	495.3	1.2
Retail trade	15,468.6	15,812.0	15,954.2	15,519.5	15,520.8	15,503.1	15,539.4	15,573.7	34.3
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,030.0	2,052.7	2,049.6	2,038.5	2,051.1	2,052.5	2,051.4	2,055.9	4.5
Automobile dealers	1,274.7	1,294.0	1,296.9	1,291.1	1,282.4	1,293.2	1,294.5	1,296.8	2.3
Other motor vehicle dealers	164.3	162.4	157.9	157.9	174.1	166.4	164.5	167.1	2.6
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	591.0	596.3	594.8	589.5	594.5	592.9	592.4	592.0	-0.4
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,360.1	1,369.3	1,363.8	1,340.7	1,403.7	1,389.2	1,386.5	1,385.7	-0.8
Food and beverage retailers	3,205.9	3,267.9	3,275.8	3,233.7	3,216.6	3,236.3	3,236.8	3,237.1	0.3
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	824.3	830.8	840.8	803.8	815.0	806.2	801.9	800.2	-1.7
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	421.2	417.8	425.6	416.4	415.9	407.9	407.6	412.9	5.3
Electronics and appliance retailers	403.1	413.0	415.2	387.4	399.1	398.3	394.3	387.3	-7.0
General merchandise retailers	3,237.3	3,402.4	3,457.5	3,300.7	3,227.1	3,265.0	3,275.7	3,306.9	31.2
Department stores	1,002.7	1,081.5	1,126.1	1,027.2	997.5	1,015.0	1,024.4	1,027.9	3.5
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,234.6	2,320.9	2,331.4	2,273.5	2,229.6	2,250.1	2,251.3	2,279.1	27.8
Health and personal care retailers	1,101.0	1,106.5	1,120.8	1,100.4	1,088.9	1,085.0	1,089.7	1,092.0	2.3
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,040.9	1,057.2	1,057.1	1,047.5	1,050.6	1,053.6	1,057.4	1,056.0	-1.4
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,169.9	1,186.9	1,236.1	1,150.9	1,153.5	1,116.6	1,132.9	1,125.2	-7.7
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,499.2	1,538.3	1,552.7	1,503.3	1,514.3	1,498.7	1,507.1	1,514.7	7.6
Transportation and warehousing	6,582.9	6,877.5	7,059.0	6,723.9	6,583.8	6,688.8	6,710.3	6,711.4	1.1
Air transportation	556.1	563.2	567.8	566.3	560.9	565.5	568.3	569.4	1.1
Rail transportation	157.3	154.8	154.6	154.6	157.1	155.6	155.4	156.3	0.9
Water transportation	66.2	68.3	67.6	65.9	69.1	69.7	69.6	69.5	-0.1
Truck transportation	1,507.9	1,530.0	1,521.7	1,503.4	1,531.9	1,517.8	1,518.1	1,521.9	3.8
Transit and ground passenger transportation	464.9	502.8	501.5	497.9	457.2	486.3	486.0	490.1	4.1
Pipeline transportation	54.1	55.9	56.2	54.2	54.6	55.8	56.2	54.5	-1.7
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	23.9	26.4	26.1	22.5	31.0	29.9	29.9	29.4	-0.5
Support activities for transportation	824.0	848.1	855.0	847.8	825.8	843.9	845.5	846.8	1.3
Couriers and messengers	1,089.5	1,234.2	1,418.2	1,175.9	1,060.8	1,119.9	1,138.5	1,135.3	-3.2
Warehousing and storage	1,839.0	1,893.8	1,890.3	1,835.4	1,835.4	1,844.4	1,842.8	1,838.2	-4.6
Utilities	584.8	593.9	594.4	591.7	586.2	593.9	593.1	593.2	0.1
Information	2,924	2,938	2,965	2,911	2,966	2,927	2,943	2,945	2
Motion picture and sound recording industries	375.4	406.8	416.6	381.8	405.4	399.4	406.9	408.5	1.6
Publishing industries	910.9	914.4	924.9	918.3	916.5	913.0	917.6	920.1	2.5
Broadcasting and content providers	342.2	336.2	332.2	331.5	344.8	335.2	331.2	333.0	1.8
Telecommunications	629.0	614.4	622.3	613.1	631.8	614.5	620.8	612.9	-7.9
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	483.2	480.2	485.0	481.0	483.6	480.0	483.1	485.0	1.9
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	183.3	185.6	183.7	185.5	184.1	184.5	183.8	185.4	1.6
Financial activities	9,114	9,210	9,246	9,174	9,165	9,194	9,213	9,220	7
Finance and insurance	6,681.7	6,730.0	6,753.6	6,723.3	6,698.9	6,719.0	6,732.0	6,735.4	3.4
Monetary authorities-central bank	20.7	21.2	21.2	21.4	20.8	21.2	21.2	21.4	0.2
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,583.5	2,555.7	2,558.6	2,552.8	2,585.1	2,558.4	2,555.7	2,553.2	-2.5
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,789.3	1,779.0	1,779.7	1,777.1	1,789.4	1,781.0	1,778.9	1,777.1	-1.8
Commercial banking	1,383.8	1,370.2	1,369.5	1,368.8	1,384.2	1,372.4	1,370.1	1,368.7	-1.4
Nondepository credit intermediation	513.4	506.8	508.1	505.3	514.4	506.4	505.8	505.2	-0.6
Activities related to credit intermediation	280.8	269.9	270.8	270.4	281.3	270.9	271.0	270.9	-0.1
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,102.6	1,126.8	1,134.6	1,120.4	1,110.4	1,122.6	1,126.7	1,125.5	-1.2
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,974.9	3,026.3	3,039.2	3,028.7	2,982.6	3,016.8	3,028.4	3,035.3	6.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,432.0	2,479.6	2,492.8	2,450.6	2,466.0	2,474.8	2,480.7	2,484.6	3.9
Real estate	1,841.8	1,880.1	1,890.0	1,857.9	1,859.0	1,871.5	1,873.4	1,877.0	3.6
Rental and leasing services	568.1	576.5	579.5	569.8	584.5	580.4	584.2	584.4	0.2
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.1	23.0	23.3	22.9	22.5	22.9	23.1	23.2	0.1
Professional and business services	22,282	22,773	22,704	22,242	22,667	22,578	22,609	22,598	-11
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,761.9	10,874.6	10,911.8	10,851.5	10,805.3	10,846.5	10,873.8	10,890.9	17.1
Legal services	1,188.9	1,198.6	1,204.8	1,188.9	1,193.7	1,191.8	1,194.0	1,194.9	0.9
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,184.7	1,118.2	1,136.6	1,173.7	1,154.2	1,145.9	1,144.1	1,144.7	0.6
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,660.9	1,724.3	1,727.3	1,717.4	1,684.2	1,721.3	1,729.8	1,736.9	7.1
Specialized design services	152.1	155.0	153.3	150.2	153.5	152.7	151.3	151.7	0.4
Computer systems design and related services	2,441.5	2,459.4	2,446.2	2,452.6	2,447.0	2,444.7	2,444.2	2,457.9	13.7
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,846.5	1,890.7	1,911.4	1,867.2	1,860.1	1,871.9	1,887.5	1,877.1	-10.4
Scientific research and development services	927.9	940.4	940.5	931.5	936.1	940.2	941.4	942.0	0.6
Advertising, public relations, and related services	493.9	500.5	500.5	493.7	500.3	498.5	497.1	497.4	0.3
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	865.5	887.5	891.2	876.3	876.2	879.6	884.5	888.4	3.9
Management of companies and enterprises	2,604.7	2,612.9	2,631.0	2,612.7	2,612.9	2,616.1	2,621.8	2,619.3	-2.5
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	8,915.4	9,285.1	9,161.6	8,777.9	9,248.5	9,115.3	9,113.1	9,088.0	-25.1
Administrative and support services	8,417.3	8,764.6	8,644.6	8,264.4	8,745.0	8,596.8	8,594.4	8,567.5	-26.9
Office administrative services	616.0	623.6	626.7	621.4	620.8	620.6	626.1	624.0	-2.1
Facilities support services	173.1	183.6	183.7	185.7	174.7	184.6	185.7	187.7	2.0
Employment services(1)	3,305.5	3,403.0	3,379.5	3,140.0	3,421.5	3,265.2	3,257.3	3,242.3	-15.0
Temporary help services	2,591.0	2,664.6	2,641.4	2,434.9	2,700.2	2,550.1	2,547.1	2,534.7	-12.4
Business support services	712.5	689.3	685.4	662.3	710.6	675.2	668.8	663.4	-5.4
Travel arrangement and reservation services	188.7	192.0	190.3	187.8	191.5	191.4	190.8	191.0	0.2
Investigation and security services	1,009.4	1,035.2	1,034.3	1,021.6	1,018.8	1,029.5	1,030.4	1,029.3	-1.1
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,086.0	2,307.0	2,219.7	2,125.5	2,271.3	2,300.5	2,308.9	2,300.4	-8.5
Other support services	326.1	330.9	325.0	320.1	335.8	329.9	326.4	329.2	2.8
Waste management and remediation services	498.1	520.5	517.0	513.5	503.5	518.5	518.7	520.5	1.8
Private education and health services	25,867	27,127	27,099	26,844	26,031	26,848	26,930	26,991	61
Private educational services	3,842.1	4,162.8	4,058.0	3,893.3	3,930.6	3,984.8	3,985.4	3,981.0	-4.4
Health care and social assistance	22,024.8	22,963.8	23,040.7	22,950.4	22,100.6	22,863.6	22,944.3	23,010.3	66.0
Health care(3)	17,278.5	17,981.0	18,039.3	17,958.8	17,338.0	17,900.8	17,955.5	17,999.2	43.7
Ambulatory health care services	8,589.5	8,967.2	8,993.9	8,927.0	8,628.2	8,915.3	8,936.7	8,953.3	16.6
Offices of physicians	2,934.8	3,021.9	3,045.2	3,015.1	2,942.3	3,003.6	3,017.3	3,019.5	2.2
Offices of dentists	1,033.1	1,054.9	1,054.1	1,055.3	1,036.0	1,052.2	1,048.8	1,056.8	8.0
Offices of other health practitioners	1,192.8	1,270.0	1,272.2	1,253.8	1,201.9	1,259.3	1,263.0	1,261.8	-1.2
Outpatient care centers	1,101.3	1,126.6	1,123.5	1,114.8	1,101.4	1,121.1	1,117.9	1,115.5	-2.4
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	313.0	305.2	306.2	307.5	313.0	305.1	305.3	305.9	0.6
Home health care services	1,663.3	1,826.2	1,834.2	1,822.3	1,680.8	1,813.3	1,825.7	1,836.3	10.6
Other ambulatory health care services	351.2	362.4	358.5	358.2	352.7	360.7	358.7	357.5	-1.2
Hospitals	5,442.6	5,643.6	5,655.3	5,654.2	5,452.7	5,625.7	5,642.2	5,656.1	13.9
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,246.4	3,370.2	3,390.1	3,377.6	3,257.1	3,359.8	3,376.6	3,389.8	13.2
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,465.6	1,515.2	1,522.5	1,519.4	1,468.5	1,508.5	1,516.1	1,523.2	7.1
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	651.0	682.5	689.6	683.1	655.7	681.4	687.0	686.9	-0.1
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	970.3	1,003.4	1,007.9	1,004.8	972.6	1,000.9	1,004.0	1,009.2	5.2
Other residential care facilities	159.5	169.1	170.1	170.3	160.2	168.9	169.5	170.6	1.1
Social assistance	4,746.3	4,982.8	5,001.4	4,991.6	4,762.6	4,962.8	4,988.8	5,011.1	22.3
Individual and family services	3,153.6	3,360.6	3,373.5	3,375.0	3,164.5	3,349.3	3,370.3	3,390.4	20.1
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	226.5	235.6	238.1	238.9	227.7	234.8	235.4	239.8	4.4
Vocational rehabilitation services	280.2	284.9	285.7	280.6	284.3	284.3	285.9	284.5	-1.4
Child care services	1,086.0	1,101.7	1,104.1	1,097.1	1,086.1	1,094.4	1,097.1	1,096.4	-0.7
Leisure and hospitality	15,980	16,655	16,672	16,265	16,720	16,932	16,981	16,978	-3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,337.3	2,513.0	2,509.2	2,432.2	2,590.1	2,662.2	2,663.1	2,677.9	14.8
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	520.5	602.4	599.0	558.3	585.2	610.3	614.4	613.5	-0.9
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	164.2	178.6	177.5	169.1	177.7	180.9	181.7	182.4	0.7
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,652.6	1,732.0	1,732.7	1,704.8	1,827.2	1,871.0	1,867.0	1,882.0	15.0
Accommodation and food services	13,643.0	14,141.5	14,163.2	13,832.5	14,129.7	14,270.0	14,317.4	14,299.9	-17.5
Accommodation	1,830.6	1,888.7	1,889.5	1,844.1	1,919.3	1,943.3	1,944.9	1,943.1	-1.8
Food services and drinking places	11,812.4	12,252.8	12,273.7	11,988.4	12,210.4	12,326.7	12,372.5	12,356.8	-15.7
Other services	5,839	5,991	5,983	5,946	5,917	5,995	6,004	6,021	17
Repair and maintenance	1,448.0	1,471.1	1,464.0	1,462.3	1,465.8	1,471.0	1,470.9	1,480.8	9.9
Personal and laundry services	1,546.4	1,609.6	1,612.9	1,596.4	1,569.1	1,605.4	1,611.7	1,615.8	4.1
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,844.7	2,910.5	2,906.0	2,886.9	2,882.0	2,918.6	2,921.5	2,924.5	3.0
Government	23,033	23,989	23,841	23,460	23,153	23,524	23,558	23,590	32
Federal	2,963	3,014	3,020	3,006	2,977	3,009	3,015	3,024	9
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,357.5	2,410.0	2,414.2	2,402.9	2,370.7	2,406.4	2,415.8	2,419.5	3.7
U.S. Postal Service	605.1	603.6	606.0	602.9	606.1	602.2	599.1	604.8	5.7
State government	5,297	5,683	5,605	5,422	5,390	5,493	5,504	5,506	2
State government education	2,515.9	2,810.7	2,730.1	2,550.6	2,593.9	2,617.3	2,620.9	2,620.1	-0.8
State government, excluding education	2,781.0	2,872.6	2,874.8	2,871.8	2,796.2	2,876.1	2,882.9	2,885.9	3.0
Local government	14,773	15,292	15,216	15,032	14,786	15,022	15,039	15,060	21
Local government education	8,197.5	8,470.4	8,451.0	8,309.1	8,081.9	8,180.7	8,189.9	8,200.7	10.8
Local government, excluding education	6,575.3	6,821.2	6,764.6	6,723.3	6,703.9	6,840.8	6,849.1	6,858.8	9.7
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.2	34.3	34.2	34.1
Goods-producing	39.5	39.7	39.7	39.6
Mining and logging	44.5	44.1	44.2	43.7
Construction	38.6	38.9	38.8	38.7
Manufacturing	39.9	40.1	40.1	40.0
Durable goods	40.3	40.5	40.5	40.5
Nondurable goods	39.1	39.3	39.4	39.2
Private service-providing	33.2	33.2	33.2	33.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.7	33.8	34.0	33.7
Wholesale trade	38.9	39.2	39.1	39.2
Retail trade	29.4	29.7	29.9	29.4
Transportation and warehousing	38.1	37.6	38.1	37.8
Utilities	42.2	41.6	42.1	42.0
Information	36.4	36.7	36.8	36.5
Financial activities	37.3	37.5	37.6	37.3
Professional and business services	36.3	36.5	36.3	36.2
Private education and health services	33.2	33.0	32.9	32.8
Leisure and hospitality	25.4	25.6	25.5	25.3
Other services	32.2	32.1	32.1	32.1
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.8
Durable goods	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8
Nondurable goods	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)
Total private	$34.47	$35.61	$35.70	$35.87	$1,178.87	$1,221.42	$1,220.94	$1,223.17
Goods-producing	35.07	36.26	36.35	36.47	1,385.27	1,439.52	1,443.10	1,444.21
Mining and logging	39.22	40.06	39.92	40.19	1,745.29	1,766.65	1,764.46	1,756.30
Construction	37.54	38.78	38.96	39.07	1,449.04	1,508.54	1,511.65	1,512.01
Manufacturing	33.34	34.47	34.52	34.64	1,330.27	1,382.25	1,384.25	1,385.60
Durable goods	35.18	36.54	36.57	36.74	1,417.75	1,479.87	1,481.09	1,487.97
Nondurable goods	30.20	30.98	31.08	31.11	1,180.82	1,217.51	1,224.55	1,219.51
Private service-providing	34.33	35.46	35.55	35.73	1,139.76	1,177.27	1,180.26	1,179.09
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.70	30.39	30.36	30.51	1,000.89	1,027.18	1,032.24	1,028.19
Wholesale trade	37.28	37.97	37.94	38.06	1,450.19	1,488.42	1,483.45	1,491.95
Retail trade	24.23	24.93	24.88	24.98	712.36	740.42	743.91	734.41
Transportation and warehousing	30.37	30.97	31.01	31.13	1,157.10	1,164.47	1,181.48	1,176.71
Utilities	50.70	52.03	52.25	52.39	2,139.54	2,164.45	2,199.73	2,200.38
Information	49.14	51.40	51.12	51.71	1,788.70	1,886.38	1,881.22	1,887.42
Financial activities	44.79	46.17	46.40	46.82	1,670.67	1,731.38	1,744.64	1,746.39
Professional and business services	41.41	43.16	43.37	43.51	1,503.18	1,575.34	1,574.33	1,575.06
Private education and health services	33.71	34.93	35.05	35.18	1,119.17	1,152.69	1,153.15	1,153.90
Leisure and hospitality	21.68	22.33	22.40	22.48	550.67	571.65	571.20	568.74
Other services	31.19	32.29	32.37	32.64	1,004.32	1,036.51	1,039.08	1,047.74
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2024 - Jan. 2025(p)	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2024 - Jan. 2025(p)
Total private	115.0	116.3	116.2	116.0	-0.2	189.4	198.0	198.4	198.9	0.3
Goods-producing	97.3	98.0	98.0	97.8	-0.2	154.2	160.7	161.1	161.2	0.1
Mining and logging	88.4	86.6	86.4	84.5	-2.2	139.2	139.3	138.5	136.3	-1.6
Construction	108.0	110.9	110.8	110.6	-0.2	176.1	186.9	187.6	187.8	0.1
Manufacturing	92.4	92.2	92.1	91.9	-0.2	143.3	147.8	147.8	148.0	0.1
Durable goods	90.9	90.4	90.2	90.2	0.0	142.1	146.7	146.5	147.1	0.4
Nondurable goods	94.7	95.0	95.4	95.0	-0.4	145.1	149.4	150.5	150.0	-0.3
Private service-providing	120.0	121.2	121.5	120.9	-0.5	200.2	208.9	210.0	210.0	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.1	106.9	107.8	107.0	-0.7	170.0	175.2	176.5	176.0	-0.3
Wholesale trade	105.2	106.6	106.6	106.9	0.3	164.0	169.3	169.1	170.1	0.6
Retail trade	92.9	93.7	94.6	93.2	-1.5	148.8	154.5	155.6	153.9	-1.1
Transportation and warehousing	144.1	144.5	146.9	145.8	-0.7	222.7	227.7	231.7	230.8	-0.4
Utilities	107.1	106.9	108.1	107.8	-0.3	179.3	183.8	186.5	186.6	0.1
Information	98.6	98.1	98.9	98.2	-0.7	172.5	179.6	180.1	180.8	0.4
Financial activities	112.0	112.9	113.5	112.7	-0.7	195.6	203.4	205.4	205.7	0.1
Professional and business services	128.7	128.9	128.4	127.9	-0.4	215.8	225.3	225.5	225.5	0.0
Private education and health services	141.2	144.7	144.7	144.6	-0.1	228.9	243.2	244.0	244.7	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	121.2	123.7	123.6	122.6	-0.8	211.9	222.8	223.3	222.3	-0.4
Other services	109.9	111.0	111.1	111.4	0.3	187.8	196.4	197.2	199.4	1.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)
Total nonfarm	78,417	79,079	79,225	79,315	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private	64,898	65,340	65,460	65,524	48.5	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,991	4,950	4,950	4,954	23.1	22.8	22.8	22.9
Mining and logging	85	86	85	86	13.4	13.8	13.7	14.0
Construction	1,157	1,179	1,182	1,184	14.3	14.2	14.3	14.3
Manufacturing	3,749	3,685	3,683	3,684	29.1	28.9	28.9	28.9
Durable goods	1,989	1,935	1,932	1,929	24.8	24.4	24.4	24.4
Nondurable goods	1,760	1,750	1,751	1,755	36.3	36.1	36.1	36.1
Private service-providing	59,907	60,390	60,510	60,570	53.4	53.2	53.2	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,238	11,222	11,253	11,264	39.0	38.8	38.8	38.8
Wholesale trade	1,862.3	1,881.2	1,884.3	1,890.3	30.4	30.5	30.5	30.6
Retail trade	7,467.7	7,426.1	7,449.3	7,454.1	48.1	47.9	47.9	47.9
Transportation and warehousing	1,752.6	1,759.8	1,764.9	1,764.9	26.6	26.3	26.3	26.3
Utilities	155.5	155.1	154.4	154.5	26.5	26.1	26.0	26.0
Information	1,198	1,166	1,166	1,170	40.4	39.8	39.6	39.7
Financial activities	5,106	5,082	5,089	5,087	55.7	55.3	55.2	55.2
Professional and business services	10,411	10,306	10,297	10,284	45.9	45.6	45.5	45.5
Private education and health services	20,003	20,575	20,624	20,666	76.8	76.6	76.6	76.6
Leisure and hospitality	8,775	8,817	8,849	8,859	52.5	52.1	52.1	52.2
Other services	3,176	3,222	3,232	3,240	53.7	53.7	53.8	53.8
Government	13,519	13,739	13,765	13,791	58.4	58.4	58.4	58.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)
Total private	108,985	109,960	110,230	110,286
Goods-producing	15,447	15,386	15,377	15,384
Mining and logging	494	474	467	467
Construction	5,950	6,009	6,011	6,006
Manufacturing	9,003	8,903	8,899	8,911
Durable goods	5,495	5,374	5,366	5,371
Nondurable goods	3,508	3,529	3,533	3,540
Private service-providing	93,538	94,574	94,853	94,902
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,298	24,511	24,611	24,624
Wholesale trade	4,841.8	4,875.7	4,885.8	4,886.1
Retail trade	13,274.0	13,310.7	13,351.2	13,379.0
Transportation and warehousing	5,714.6	5,853.4	5,903.4	5,888.5
Utilities	467.6	471.4	470.2	470.3
Information	2,382	2,352	2,371	2,355
Financial activities	6,900	6,939	6,959	6,965
Professional and business services	17,866	17,701	17,711	17,680
Private education and health services	22,681	23,468	23,554	23,622
Leisure and hospitality	14,600	14,739	14,778	14,779
Other services	4,811	4,864	4,869	4,877
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.5	33.6	33.7	33.5
Goods-producing	40.0	40.5	40.5	40.4
Mining and logging	46.7	46.4	46.3	46.3
Construction	39.0	39.6	39.6	39.7
Manufacturing	40.2	40.7	40.9	40.6
Durable goods	40.4	40.9	41.0	40.8
Nondurable goods	39.9	40.4	40.6	40.3
Private service-providing	32.5	32.5	32.6	32.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.8	33.9	34.2	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.6	39.0	39.1	39.1
Retail trade	30.2	30.3	30.5	30.2
Transportation and warehousing	37.5	37.3	37.8	37.4
Utilities	42.3	42.6	42.5	42.8
Information	35.9	35.7	35.7	35.6
Financial activities	36.8	37.3	37.2	37.2
Professional and business services	36.0	36.3	36.3	36.2
Private education and health services	32.3	32.1	32.0	32.0
Leisure and hospitality	24.0	24.1	24.0	23.7
Other services	31.1	31.2	31.1	31.1
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.6
Durable goods	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4
Nondurable goods	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.8
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)
Total private	$29.61	$30.58	$30.68	$30.84	$991.94	$1,027.49	$1,033.92	$1,033.14
Goods-producing	30.55	31.59	31.73	31.90	1,222.00	1,279.40	1,285.07	1,288.76
Mining and logging	36.09	36.57	36.92	36.87	1,685.40	1,696.85	1,709.40	1,707.08
Construction	35.21	36.26	36.46	36.54	1,373.19	1,435.90	1,443.82	1,450.64
Manufacturing	27.20	28.22	28.33	28.55	1,093.44	1,148.55	1,158.70	1,159.13
Durable goods	28.56	29.75	29.82	30.11	1,153.82	1,216.78	1,222.62	1,228.49
Nondurable goods	25.05	25.86	26.04	26.15	999.50	1,044.74	1,057.22	1,053.85
Private service-providing	29.41	30.38	30.47	30.62	955.83	987.35	993.32	992.09
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.75	26.29	26.30	26.43	870.35	891.23	899.46	895.98
Wholesale trade	30.89	31.67	31.55	31.71	1,192.35	1,235.13	1,233.61	1,239.86
Retail trade	20.75	21.12	21.16	21.24	626.65	639.94	645.38	641.45
Transportation and warehousing	28.84	29.37	29.41	29.54	1,081.50	1,095.50	1,111.70	1,104.80
Utilities	44.88	45.82	46.01	46.33	1,898.42	1,951.93	1,955.43	1,982.92
Information	40.62	41.75	41.57	41.77	1,458.26	1,490.48	1,484.05	1,487.01
Financial activities	35.02	36.15	36.40	36.58	1,288.74	1,348.40	1,354.08	1,360.78
Professional and business services	34.91	36.39	36.54	36.67	1,256.76	1,320.96	1,326.40	1,327.45
Private education and health services	30.82	31.98	32.13	32.29	995.49	1,026.56	1,028.16	1,033.28
Leisure and hospitality	19.22	19.78	19.85	19.91	461.28	476.70	476.40	471.87
Other services	27.01	28.11	28.19	28.34	840.01	877.03	876.71	881.37
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2024 - Jan. 2025(p)	Jan. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Jan. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2024 - Jan. 2025(p)
Total private	121.7	123.1	123.8	123.1	-0.6	240.8	251.6	253.8	253.8	0.0
Goods-producing	94.4	95.2	95.2	95.0	-0.2	176.6	184.2	184.9	185.5	0.3
Mining and logging	122.6	116.9	114.9	114.9	0.0	257.3	248.6	246.7	246.4	-0.1
Construction	116.2	119.1	119.2	119.4	0.2	220.9	233.3	234.6	235.6	0.4
Manufacturing	83.1	83.2	83.6	83.1	-0.6	147.8	153.5	154.8	155.1	0.2
Durable goods	83.4	82.6	82.7	82.3	-0.5	148.7	153.4	153.9	154.8	0.6
Nondurable goods	82.5	84.0	84.5	84.1	-0.5	146.0	153.5	155.5	155.3	-0.1
Private service-providing	129.5	131.0	131.7	131.0	-0.5	261.3	272.9	275.4	275.2	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.0	116.3	117.8	116.9	-0.8	211.6	218.5	221.5	220.7	-0.4
Wholesale trade	110.9	112.9	113.4	113.4	0.0	202.2	210.9	211.1	212.2	0.5
Retail trade	101.6	102.3	103.2	102.4	-0.8	180.8	185.2	187.3	186.6	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing	162.2	165.2	168.9	166.7	-1.3	297.7	308.9	316.1	313.4	-0.9
Utilities	101.1	102.7	102.2	102.9	0.7	189.4	196.4	196.2	199.0	1.4
Information	97.6	95.8	96.6	95.7	-0.9	196.3	198.1	198.8	197.9	-0.5
Financial activities	119.5	121.8	121.8	121.9	0.1	257.5	270.9	272.8	274.4	0.6
Professional and business services	143.6	143.4	143.5	142.9	-0.4	298.1	310.5	311.9	311.6	-0.1
Private education and health services	156.2	160.6	160.7	161.2	0.3	317.7	339.0	340.8	343.5	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	128.3	130.1	129.9	128.3	-1.2	280.1	292.3	292.9	290.1	-1.0
Other services	104.9	106.4	106.2	106.4	0.2	206.5	218.0	218.1	219.7	0.7
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.