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Economic News Release
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Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-25-0133
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, February 7, 2025

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JANUARY 2025


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 143,000 in January, and the unemployment rate edged
down to 4.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred
in health care, retail trade, and social assistance. Employment declined in the mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction industry.
 
This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											     |
|                       Changes to The Employment Situation Data			     |
|											     |
| Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking	     |
| process and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. Also, household survey data	     |
| for January 2025 reflect updated population estimates. See the notes at the end of this    |
| news release for more information.							     |
|____________________________________________________________________________________________|


Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate edged down to 4.0 percent in January, after accounting for the annual
adjustments to the population controls. The number of unemployed people, at 6.8 million,
changed little over the month. (See table A-1. See the note at the end of this news release
and tables B and C for more information about annual population adjustments to the household
survey estimates.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women
(3.7 percent), teenagers (11.8 percent), Whites (3.5 percent), Blacks (6.2 percent), Asians
(3.7 percent), and Hispanics (4.8 percent) showed little or no change in January. (See tables
A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.4 million,
changed little in January. The long-term unemployed accounted for 21.1 percent of all
unemployed people. (See table A-12.)

In January, both the labor force participation rate (62.6 percent) and the employment-
population ratio (60.1 percent) were unchanged, after accounting for the annual adjustments
to the population controls. Both measures have been relatively flat in recent months. (See
table A-1. For additional information about the effects of the population adjustments, see
table C.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 million, changed little
in January. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See
table A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 5.5 million, was
little changed in January. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were
not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to
take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.6 million, was essentially unchanged in January. These individuals
wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months
but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for
them, changed little at 592,000 in January. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 143,000 in January, similar to the average monthly
gain of 166,000 in 2024. In January, job gains occurred in health care, retail trade, and
social assistance. Employment declined in the mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
industry. (See table B-1. See the note at the end of this news release and table A for more
information about the annual benchmark process.)

Health care added 44,000 jobs in January, with gains in hospitals (+14,000), nursing and
residential care facilities (+13,000), and home health care services (+11,000). Job growth in
health care averaged 57,000 per month in 2024.

Employment in retail trade increased by 34,000 in January. Job gains occurred in general
merchandise retailers (+31,000) and furniture and home furnishings retailers (+5,000).
Electronics and appliance retailers lost 7,000 jobs. Retail trade employment had shown little
net change in 2024.

Social assistance added 22,000 jobs in January, led by individual and family services
(+20,000). Employment also rose in the community food and housing, emergency, and other relief
services industry (+4,000). Employment in social assistance grew by an average of 20,000 per
month in 2024.

Government employment continued to trend up in January (+32,000), similar to the average 
monthly gain in 2024 (+38,000).

Employment in the mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction industry declined by 8,000
over the month, following little net change in 2024. In January, the job loss was concentrated
in support activities for mining (-8,000).

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including
construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, information,
financial activities, professional and business services, leisure and hospitality, and other
services.

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 17
cents, or 0.5 percent, to $35.87. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 4.1 percent. In January, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees rose by 16 cents, or 0.5 percent, to $30.84. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to
34.1 hours in January. In manufacturing, the average workweek was little changed at 40.0 hours,
and overtime was unchanged at 2.8 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 hour to 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised up by 49,000, from
+212,000 to +261,000, and the change for December was revised up by 51,000, from +256,000 to
+307,000. With these revisions, employment in November and December combined is 100,000 higher
than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the 
recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual benchmark process also contributed to the
November and December revisions.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 7, 2025,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).



                            Revisions to Establishment Survey Data

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have been
benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2024. These counts are
derived principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which counts
jobs covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. The benchmark process results in
revisions to not seasonally adjusted data from April 2023 forward. Seasonally adjusted data 
from January 2020 forward are subject to revision. In addition, data for some series prior to
2020, both seasonally adjusted and unadjusted, incorporate other revisions.

The seasonally adjusted total nonfarm employment level for March 2024 was revised downward by
589,000. On a not seasonally adjusted basis, the total nonfarm employment level for March 2024
was revised downward by 598,000, or -0.4 percent. Not seasonally adjusted, the absolute average
benchmark revision over the past 10 years is 0.1 percent. 

The over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for March 2024 was revised from +2,900,000
to +2,346,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on
a seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2024.

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/ces/data/home.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark and post-
benchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at 
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.


Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2024, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                                   |                                
                 |                Level              |      Over-the-month change     
                 |---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Year and month  |           |    As     |           |           |    As    |           
                 |    As     |previously | Difference|    As     |previously| Difference
                 |  revised  |published  |           |  revised  |published |           
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
       2024      |           |           |           |           |          |           
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
January......... |  157,049  |  157,560  |    -511   |    119    |    256   |  -137
February........ |  157,271  |  157,796  |    -525   |    222    |    236   |   -14
March........... |  157,517  |  158,106  |    -589   |    246    |    310   |   -64
April........... |  157,635  |  158,214  |    -579   |    118    |    108   |    10
May............. |  157,828  |  158,430  |    -602   |    193    |    216   |   -23
June............ |  157,915  |  158,548  |    -633   |     87    |    118   |   -31
July............ |  158,003  |  158,692  |    -689   |     88    |    144   |   -56
August.......... |  158,074  |  158,770  |    -696   |     71    |     78   |    -7
September....... |  158,314  |  159,025  |    -711   |    240    |    255   |   -15
October......... |  158,358  |  159,068  |    -710   |     44    |     43   |     1
November........ |  158,619  |  159,280  |    -661   |    261    |    212   |    49
December(p)..... |  158,926  |  159,536  |    -610   |    307    |    256   |    51
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary


               Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey

Effective with data for January 2025, updated population estimates were incorporated into the
household survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the U.S.
Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates their population estimates to incorporate
new information and assumptions about the growth of the population since the most recent 
population base year, typically the last decennial census. The change in population reflected
in the new estimates results from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital
statistics on births and deaths, and improvements in estimation methodology.

This year’s adjustment was large relative to adjustments in past years. It reflects both
updated methodology and new information about net international migration in recent years.

In accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise the official household survey estimates
for December 2024 and earlier months. However, to show the impact of the population 
adjustments, table B displays differences in selected December 2024 labor force series based
on the old and new population estimates. 

Table B shows the adjustment increased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over in December by 2.9 million. The increases in population were
relatively large for Asians and Hispanics. The adjustment increased the total civilian labor
force by 2.1 million, including increases of 2.0 million in employment and 105,000 in
unemployment. The number of people not in the labor force increased by 765,000. Although the 
effect on levels was relatively large, the effect on rates and ratios was small. The adjustment 
increased the total unemployment rate, employment-population ratio, and labor force
participation rate by 0.1 percentage point each. The effects of the adjustment on these rates
for the major worker groups were also relatively small. 

These annual population adjustments can affect the comparability of household data series over
time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new population estimates on the change
in selected labor force measures between December 2024 and January 2025. Additional information
on the population adjustments and their effects on national labor force estimates is available
at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf. 

Although the official household survey estimates will not be revised, BLS will produce
experimental time series back to April 2020 for the total labor force and total employed that
account for the January 2025 population control effects. These experimental series will be
available in the CPS technical documentation shortly after the publication of this news release 
on February 7, 2025, at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. 

Population controls for veterans have also been updated with the release of data for January
2025. These controls are derived from a Department of Veterans Affairs population model. 
Historical data have not been revised.


Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2024 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Category Total Men Women White Black or
African
Ameri-
can
Asian Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

2,871 1,470 1,400 1,419 392 844 1,277

Civilian labor force

2,106 1,156 949 1,088 276 581 928

Participation rate

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Employed

2,000 1,096 904 1,040 257 558 877

Employment-population ratio

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Unemployed

105 59 45 48 20 24 52

Unemployment rate

0.1 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0

Not in labor force

765 314 451 332 115 263 348

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Table C. December 2024-January 2025 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for population control effects
(Numbers in thousands)
Category Dec.-Jan.
change, as
published
2025
population
control effect
Dec.-Jan. change, after
removing the
population control
effect(1)

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,047 2,871 176

Civilian labor force

2,197 2,106 91

Participation rate

0.1 0.1 0

Employed

2,234 2,000 234

Employment-population ratio

0.1 0.1 0

Unemployed

-37 105 -142

Unemployment rate

-0.1 0.1 -0.2

Not in labor force

850 765 85

(1) This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Southern California Wildfires and Severe Winter Weather | | | | Wildfires in Southern California began in early January and continued through the | | reference periods for both the household and establishment surveys. Severe winter weather | | occurred in much of the country during the January reference periods for both surveys. | | These events had no discernible effect on national payroll employment, hours, and earnings | | from the establishment survey, nor on the national unemployment rate from the household | | survey. Response rates for the two surveys were within normal ranges. For information on | | how weather can affect data on employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently Asked | | Questions section of this news release. | |____________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Change from:
Dec.
2024-
Jan.
2025

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

267,540 269,463 269,638 272,685 -

Civilian labor force

167,339 168,304 168,547 170,744 -

Participation rate

62.5 62.5 62.5 62.6 -

Employed

161,190 161,183 161,661 163,895 -

Employment-population ratio

60.2 59.8 60.0 60.1 -

Unemployed

6,149 7,121 6,886 6,849 -

Unemployment rate

3.7 4.2 4.1 4.0 -

Not in labor force

100,201 101,159 101,091 101,941 -

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

3.7 4.2 4.1 4.0 -

Adult men (20 years and over)

3.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 -

Adult women (20 years and over)

3.2 3.9 3.8 3.7 -

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

10.6 13.1 12.4 11.8 -

White

3.4 3.8 3.6 3.5 -

Black or African American

5.3 6.4 6.1 6.2 -

Asian

2.9 3.8 3.5 3.7 -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

5.0 5.3 5.1 4.8 -

Total, 25 years and over

3.2 3.5 3.4 3.3 -

Less than a high school diploma

6.0 6.0 5.6 5.2 -

High school graduates, no college

4.3 4.6 4.3 4.5 -

Some college or associate degree

3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5 -

Bachelor's degree and higher

2.1 2.5 2.4 2.3 -

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs

3,030 3,394 3,251 3,235 -

Job leavers

793 854 947 912 -

Reentrants

1,857 2,182 2,031 2,124 -

New entrants

558 690 655 659 -

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,143 2,208 2,156 2,290 -

5 to 14 weeks

1,852 2,063 1,997 1,935 -

15 to 26 weeks

877 1,236 1,207 1,161 -

27 weeks and over

1,272 1,654 1,551 1,443 -

Employed people at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

4,418 4,469 4,358 4,477 -

Slack work or business conditions

2,980 3,125 2,867 2,893 -

Could only find part-time work

1,040 1,084 1,195 1,195 -

Part time for noneconomic reasons

22,176 22,380 22,514 22,299 -

People not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force

1,647 1,572 1,562 1,590 -

Discouraged workers

446 401 480 592 -

- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

119 261 307 143

Total private

73 244 273 111

Goods-producing

10 28 -2 0

Mining and logging

-5 2 -3 -7

Construction

14 6 13 4

Manufacturing

1 20 -12 3

Durable goods(1)

-10 27 -18 -3

Motor vehicles and parts

-2.7 -0.9 -5.4 -9.7

Nondurable goods

11 -7 6 6

Private service-providing

63 216 275 111

Wholesale trade

-9.4 5.1 12.9 2.0

Retail trade

-22.9 -13.5 36.3 34.3

Transportation and warehousing

-3.8 27.7 21.5 1.1

Utilities

1.5 -0.3 -0.8 0.1

Information

4 5 16 2

Financial activities

-11 16 19 7

Professional and business services(1)

3 37 31 -11

Temporary help services

-10.9 30.0 -3.0 -12.4

Private education and health services(1)

99 73 82 61

Health care and social assistance

79.9 78.9 80.7 66.0

Leisure and hospitality

-8 54 49 -3

Other services

11 12 9 17

Government

46 17 34 32

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

176 182 204 237

Total private

128 150 172 209

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.9 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private women employees

48.5 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.2 34.3 34.2 34.1

Average hourly earnings

$34.47 $35.61 $35.70 $35.87

Average weekly earnings

$1,178.87 $1,221.42 $1,220.94 $1,223.17

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

115.0 116.3 116.2 116.0

Over-the-month percent change

-0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

189.4 198.0 198.4 198.9

Over-the-month percent change

-0.1 0.5 0.2 0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (250 industries)

55.0 58.6 57.2 55.0

Manufacturing (72 industries)

45.8 47.9 44.4 52.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
   employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
   estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
   Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
   the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
   please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 631,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-86,000 to +186,000 (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Jan.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Sept.
2024
Oct.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

267,540 269,638 272,685 267,540 269,080 269,289 269,463 269,638 272,685

Civilian labor force

166,428 167,746 169,814 167,339 168,703 168,428 168,304 168,547 170,744

Participation rate

62.2 62.2 62.3 62.5 62.7 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.6

Employed

159,650 161,294 162,347 161,190 161,802 161,456 161,183 161,661 163,895

Employment-population ratio

59.7 59.8 59.5 60.2 60.1 60.0 59.8 60.0 60.1

Unemployed

6,778 6,452 7,467 6,149 6,901 6,972 7,121 6,886 6,849

Unemployment rate

4.1 3.8 4.4 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0

Not in labor force

101,113 101,892 102,871 100,201 100,377 100,861 101,159 101,091 101,941

People who currently want a job

5,964 5,294 5,658 5,783 5,683 5,652 5,483 5,505 5,479

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

130,436 131,455 133,010 130,436 131,186 131,287 131,371 131,455 133,010

Civilian labor force

88,014 88,712 89,844 88,555 89,339 89,378 89,151 89,295 90,393

Participation rate

67.5 67.5 67.5 67.9 68.1 68.1 67.9 67.9 68.0

Employed

83,959 85,139 85,611 85,073 85,562 85,592 85,318 85,620 86,733

Employment-population ratio

64.4 64.8 64.4 65.2 65.2 65.2 64.9 65.1 65.2

Unemployed

4,055 3,574 4,233 3,482 3,777 3,785 3,833 3,675 3,660

Unemployment rate

4.6 4.0 4.7 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.0

Not in labor force

42,422 42,743 43,166 41,881 41,848 41,909 42,220 42,160 42,617

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

121,539 122,480 123,918 121,539 122,221 122,316 122,398 122,480 123,918

Civilian labor force

85,134 85,558 86,808 85,398 86,042 86,191 85,982 85,945 87,067

Participation rate

70.0 69.9 70.1 70.3 70.4 70.5 70.2 70.2 70.3

Employed

81,485 82,378 82,954 82,331 82,783 82,851 82,633 82,739 83,803

Employment-population ratio

67.0 67.3 66.9 67.7 67.7 67.7 67.5 67.6 67.6

Unemployed

3,650 3,179 3,854 3,067 3,258 3,339 3,348 3,206 3,264

Unemployment rate

4.3 3.7 4.4 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force

36,405 36,923 37,110 36,141 36,179 36,125 36,417 36,535 36,851

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

137,104 138,183 139,674 137,104 137,894 138,002 138,092 138,183 139,674

Civilian labor force

78,413 79,034 79,969 78,784 79,365 79,050 79,153 79,252 80,351

Participation rate

57.2 57.2 57.3 57.5 57.6 57.3 57.3 57.4 57.5

Employed

75,691 76,155 76,736 76,117 76,240 75,864 75,865 76,041 77,162

Employment-population ratio

55.2 55.1 54.9 55.5 55.3 55.0 54.9 55.0 55.2

Unemployed

2,723 2,879 3,234 2,667 3,125 3,187 3,288 3,211 3,189

Unemployment rate

3.5 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0

Not in labor force

58,691 59,149 59,705 58,320 58,529 58,952 58,939 58,931 59,324

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

128,503 129,518 130,908 128,503 129,236 129,340 129,428 129,518 130,908

Civilian labor force

75,382 75,961 77,020 75,554 76,110 75,916 75,920 75,994 77,203

Participation rate

58.7 58.6 58.8 58.8 58.9 58.7 58.7 58.7 59.0

Employed

72,909 73,359 74,136 73,149 73,397 73,152 72,988 73,135 74,380

Employment-population ratio

56.7 56.6 56.6 56.9 56.8 56.6 56.4 56.5 56.8

Unemployed

2,473 2,602 2,884 2,405 2,713 2,764 2,932 2,859 2,822

Unemployment rate

3.3 3.4 3.7 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.7

Not in labor force

53,121 53,557 53,888 52,949 53,126 53,423 53,509 53,524 53,706

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

17,498 17,640 17,859 17,498 17,623 17,633 17,636 17,640 17,859

Civilian labor force

5,911 6,227 5,986 6,388 6,552 6,321 6,403 6,607 6,474

Participation rate

33.8 35.3 33.5 36.5 37.2 35.8 36.3 37.5 36.3

Employed

5,256 5,556 5,257 5,710 5,621 5,453 5,562 5,786 5,712

Employment-population ratio

30.0 31.5 29.4 32.6 31.9 30.9 31.5 32.8 32.0

Unemployed

655 671 728 677 930 868 841 821 763

Unemployment rate

11.1 10.8 12.2 10.6 14.2 13.7 13.1 12.4 11.8

Not in labor force

11,587 11,412 11,873 11,111 11,072 11,312 11,233 11,033 11,385

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Jan.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Sept.
2024
Oct.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

204,608 205,598 207,088 204,608 205,338 205,444 205,521 205,598 207,088

Civilian labor force

126,338 127,352 128,282 127,018 128,126 127,746 127,710 127,827 128,988

Participation rate

61.7 61.9 61.9 62.1 62.4 62.2 62.1 62.2 62.3

Employed

121,515 122,986 123,231 122,706 123,445 122,901 122,856 123,213 124,431

Employment-population ratio

59.4 59.8 59.5 60.0 60.1 59.8 59.8 59.9 60.1

Unemployed

4,823 4,366 5,051 4,312 4,681 4,845 4,854 4,614 4,557

Unemployment rate

3.8 3.4 3.9 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force

78,270 78,245 78,806 77,590 77,212 77,699 77,811 77,770 78,100

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

65,675 66,039 66,565 65,900 66,375 66,431 66,289 66,244 66,794

Participation rate

69.6 69.6 69.6 69.8 70.1 70.1 69.9 69.8 69.9

Employed

63,018 63,838 64,034 63,703 64,101 64,078 63,965 64,087 64,721

Employment-population ratio

66.8 67.3 67.0 67.5 67.7 67.6 67.5 67.6 67.7

Unemployed

2,657 2,202 2,530 2,196 2,274 2,353 2,324 2,156 2,073

Unemployment rate

4.0 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

56,154 56,522 56,973 56,240 56,670 56,425 56,462 56,502 57,063

Participation rate

57.6 57.7 57.7 57.7 57.9 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.8

Employed

54,474 54,816 55,040 54,628 54,921 54,578 54,545 54,607 55,195

Employment-population ratio

55.8 55.9 55.8 56.0 56.1 55.7 55.7 55.7 55.9

Unemployed

1,679 1,706 1,933 1,612 1,749 1,847 1,916 1,895 1,868

Unemployment rate

3.0 3.0 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,510 4,791 4,745 4,879 5,082 4,890 4,959 5,082 5,131

Participation rate

35.6 37.7 37.0 38.5 39.9 38.4 39.0 40.0 40.0

Employed

4,022 4,333 4,157 4,376 4,423 4,245 4,346 4,519 4,516

Employment-population ratio

31.7 34.1 32.4 34.5 34.8 33.4 34.2 35.5 35.2

Unemployed

487 458 588 503 658 645 613 563 616

Unemployment rate

10.8 9.6 12.4 10.3 13.0 13.2 12.4 11.1 12.0

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

34,813 35,194 35,621 34,813 35,092 35,128 35,161 35,194 35,621

Civilian labor force

21,904 21,822 22,131 22,056 22,052 22,086 21,952 21,971 22,260

Participation rate

62.9 62.0 62.1 63.4 62.8 62.9 62.4 62.4 62.5

Employed

20,703 20,593 20,704 20,886 20,790 20,821 20,556 20,640 20,874

Employment-population ratio

59.5 58.5 58.1 60.0 59.2 59.3 58.5 58.6 58.6

Unemployed

1,201 1,229 1,427 1,169 1,262 1,266 1,396 1,331 1,386

Unemployment rate

5.5 5.6 6.4 5.3 5.7 5.7 6.4 6.1 6.2

Not in labor force

12,909 13,372 13,489 12,757 13,040 13,042 13,208 13,223 13,361

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,197 10,137 10,400 10,265 10,342 10,330 10,267 10,207 10,451

Participation rate

68.9 67.8 68.7 69.4 69.3 69.2 68.7 68.2 69.0

Employed

9,606 9,587 9,625 9,714 9,809 9,745 9,655 9,631 9,728

Employment-population ratio

64.9 64.1 63.6 65.6 65.8 65.3 64.6 64.4 64.2

Unemployed

590 550 775 551 533 585 612 576 723

Unemployment rate

5.8 5.4 7.5 5.4 5.2 5.7 6.0 5.6 6.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,940 10,928 11,108 10,970 10,941 10,993 10,953 10,986 11,133

Participation rate

62.8 62.1 62.4 63.0 62.3 62.6 62.3 62.4 62.5

Employed

10,416 10,386 10,510 10,446 10,356 10,444 10,301 10,388 10,534

Employment-population ratio

59.8 59.0 59.0 59.9 59.0 59.5 58.6 59.0 59.2

Unemployed

525 542 598 524 585 549 651 598 598

Unemployment rate

4.8 5.0 5.4 4.8 5.3 5.0 5.9 5.4 5.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

767 757 623 821 769 764 733 778 677

Participation rate

29.6 28.7 23.3 31.7 29.3 29.0 27.8 29.5 25.3

Employed

681 620 569 726 625 632 600 621 612

Employment-population ratio

26.3 23.5 21.3 28.0 23.7 24.0 22.8 23.5 22.9

Unemployed

86 137 54 95 145 132 133 157 64

Unemployment rate

11.3 18.1 8.7 11.6 18.8 17.3 18.1 20.2 9.5

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

17,930 18,174 19,111 17,930 17,902 18,107 18,213 18,174 19,111

Civilian labor force

11,495 11,626 12,283 11,568 11,664 11,835 11,759 11,680 12,359

Participation rate

64.1 64.0 64.3 64.5 65.2 65.4 64.6 64.3 64.7

Employed

11,146 11,242 11,815 11,231 11,185 11,370 11,318 11,267 11,906

Employment-population ratio

62.2 61.9 61.8 62.6 62.5 62.8 62.1 62.0 62.3

Unemployed

349 383 467 337 478 466 441 413 453

Unemployment rate

3.0 3.3 3.8 2.9 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.7

Not in labor force

6,435 6,548 6,828 6,363 6,238 6,272 6,454 6,494 6,752

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Jan.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Sept.
2024
Oct.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

48,364 49,483 50,869 48,364 49,180 49,286 49,385 49,483 50,869

Civilian labor force

32,260 33,315 33,983 32,335 33,129 33,003 33,039 33,415 33,997

Participation rate

66.7 67.3 66.8 66.9 67.4 67.0 66.9 67.5 66.8

Employed

30,389 31,627 32,099 30,729 31,441 31,315 31,297 31,702 32,373

Employment-population ratio

62.8 63.9 63.1 63.5 63.9 63.5 63.4 64.1 63.6

Unemployed

1,871 1,687 1,884 1,605 1,688 1,688 1,743 1,713 1,623

Unemployment rate

5.8 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.1 4.8

Not in labor force

16,104 16,169 16,886 16,029 16,051 16,283 16,345 16,068 16,873

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

17,372 17,815 18,258 17,363 17,698 17,756 17,716 17,885 18,249

Participation rate

79.5 79.6 79.2 79.4 79.6 79.7 79.4 79.9 79.2

Employed

16,315 17,056 17,305 16,528 16,979 17,049 16,941 17,162 17,518

Employment-population ratio

74.6 76.2 75.1 75.6 76.4 76.5 75.9 76.7 76.0

Unemployed

1,057 759 954 835 719 706 775 723 731

Unemployment rate

6.1 4.3 5.2 4.8 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

13,329 14,001 14,233 13,361 13,888 13,759 13,879 13,985 14,204

Participation rate

60.7 62.3 61.7 60.8 62.2 61.5 61.9 62.2 61.6

Employed

12,697 13,280 13,546 12,781 13,224 13,046 13,154 13,241 13,564

Employment-population ratio

57.8 59.1 58.7 58.2 59.2 58.3 58.6 58.9 58.8

Unemployed

632 720 687 580 665 713 724 744 640

Unemployment rate

4.7 5.1 4.8 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.3 4.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,558 1,499 1,492 1,610 1,543 1,487 1,445 1,545 1,544

Participation rate

34.3 32.3 31.4 35.5 33.4 32.2 31.2 33.3 32.5

Employed

1,377 1,291 1,249 1,420 1,238 1,220 1,201 1,298 1,291

Employment-population ratio

30.3 27.9 26.3 31.3 26.8 26.4 26.0 28.0 27.2

Unemployed

181 208 243 190 304 268 244 247 252

Unemployment rate

11.6 13.9 16.3 11.8 19.7 18.0 16.9 16.0 16.3

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Sept.
2024
Oct.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

9,281 9,245 9,350 9,277 9,260 9,060 9,074 9,219 9,346

Participation rate

47.1 47.7 47.4 47.1 47.6 48.4 47.2 47.6 47.4

Employed

8,562 8,684 8,706 8,717 8,633 8,465 8,530 8,700 8,858

Employment-population ratio

43.5 44.8 44.1 44.3 44.4 45.2 44.3 44.9 44.9

Unemployed

719 561 644 560 627 595 544 519 487

Unemployment rate

7.7 6.1 6.9 6.0 6.8 6.6 6.0 5.6 5.2

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

35,853 35,764 36,526 35,962 36,198 35,876 36,038 35,931 36,582

Participation rate

56.9 56.7 57.0 57.1 56.7 56.7 56.9 56.9 57.1

Employed

34,116 34,213 34,687 34,423 34,742 34,436 34,380 34,376 34,954

Employment-population ratio

54.2 54.2 54.1 54.6 54.4 54.5 54.3 54.5 54.5

Unemployed

1,736 1,551 1,839 1,539 1,455 1,440 1,658 1,555 1,628

Unemployment rate

4.8 4.3 5.0 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.3 4.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

36,167 35,634 36,123 36,174 35,871 35,710 35,658 35,652 36,049

Participation rate

62.6 62.6 62.9 62.6 63.1 62.2 62.5 62.7 62.8

Employed

34,922 34,459 34,777 34,992 34,650 34,496 34,370 34,409 34,774

Employment-population ratio

60.4 60.6 60.5 60.5 60.9 60.1 60.2 60.5 60.5

Unemployed

1,245 1,174 1,345 1,182 1,220 1,213 1,288 1,242 1,275

Unemployment rate

3.4 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

64,039 65,676 66,215 64,197 65,473 65,938 65,763 65,687 66,334

Participation rate

72.6 72.1 72.3 72.7 72.9 72.5 72.5 72.1 72.4

Employed

62,621 64,207 64,673 62,830 63,956 64,283 64,149 64,079 64,831

Employment-population ratio

71.0 70.4 70.6 71.2 71.2 70.7 70.7 70.3 70.7

Unemployed

1,418 1,469 1,543 1,367 1,517 1,655 1,614 1,609 1,504

Unemployment rate

2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

17,704 17,400 15,660 15,329 2,044 2,071

Civilian labor force

8,701 8,606 7,500 7,344 1,201 1,261

Participation rate

49.1 49.5 47.9 47.9 58.7 60.9

Employed

8,411 8,244 7,268 7,044 1,143 1,200

Employment-population ratio

47.5 47.4 46.4 46.0 55.9 57.9

Unemployed

290 362 232 300 58 62

Unemployment rate

3.3 4.2 3.1 4.1 4.8 4.9

Not in labor force

9,003 8,794 8,160 7,985 843 810

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,165 5,512 4,197 4,509 968 1,003

Civilian labor force

4,187 4,328 3,442 3,583 745 745

Participation rate

81.1 78.5 82.0 79.5 77.0 74.2

Employed

4,033 4,123 3,323 3,420 710 702

Employment-population ratio

78.1 74.8 79.2 75.9 73.4 70.0

Unemployed

154 205 120 163 34 43

Unemployment rate

3.7 4.7 3.5 4.5 4.6 5.7

Not in labor force

977 1,184 755 925 223 259

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

2,908 3,302 2,490 2,815 418 487

Civilian labor force

2,151 2,311 1,871 1,987 279 324

Participation rate

73.9 70.0 75.2 70.6 66.7 66.6

Employed

2,073 2,233 1,813 1,913 260 320

Employment-population ratio

71.3 67.6 72.8 67.9 62.1 65.7

Unemployed

78 78 59 74 19 4

Unemployment rate

3.6 3.4 3.1 3.7 6.9 1.3

Not in labor force

758 991 619 828 139 163

Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,781 5,014 5,538 4,824 243 190

Civilian labor force

705 665 689 637 17 28

Participation rate

12.2 13.3 12.4 13.2 6.8 14.7

Employed

684 620 668 592 16 28

Employment-population ratio

11.8 12.4 12.1 12.3 6.4 14.7

Unemployed

21 44 20 44 1 0

Unemployment rate

3.0 6.7 3.0 7.0 - -

Not in labor force

5,076 4,349 4,849 4,187 226 162

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,850 3,572 3,435 3,181 415 391

Civilian labor force

1,658 1,302 1,498 1,138 160 165

Participation rate

43.1 36.5 43.6 35.8 38.6 42.2

Employed

1,622 1,268 1,465 1,119 157 150

Employment-population ratio

42.1 35.5 42.6 35.2 37.8 38.3

Unemployed

36 34 33 19 3 15

Unemployment rate

2.2 2.6 2.2 1.6 2.1 9.2

Not in labor force

2,192 2,270 1,937 2,043 255 226

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

240,502 245,633 110,037 112,775 130,465 132,858

Civilian labor force

155,431 159,139 79,412 81,527 76,018 77,612

Participation rate

64.6 64.8 72.2 72.3 58.3 58.4

Employed

149,168 152,306 75,757 77,710 73,411 74,596

Employment-population ratio

62.0 62.0 68.8 68.9 56.3 56.1

Unemployed

6,263 6,833 3,655 3,817 2,608 3,016

Unemployment rate

4.0 4.3 4.6 4.7 3.4 3.9

Not in labor force

85,072 86,494 30,625 31,248 54,447 55,246

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age People with a disability People with no disability
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

33,366 34,549 234,174 238,136

Civilian labor force

8,164 8,564 158,263 161,250

Participation rate

24.5 24.8 67.6 67.7

Employed

7,628 7,834 152,021 154,513

Employment-population ratio

22.9 22.7 64.9 64.9

Unemployed

536 730 6,242 6,736

Unemployment rate

6.6 8.5 3.9 4.2

Not in labor force

25,202 25,985 75,911 76,886

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

3,314 3,718 78,576 79,920

Participation rate

41.2 43.7 82.2 82.6

Employed

3,104 3,346 74,999 76,305

Employment-population ratio

38.6 39.3 78.5 78.9

Unemployed

211 371 3,578 3,615

Unemployment rate

6.4 10.0 4.6 4.5

Not in labor force

4,726 4,797 16,986 16,789

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

3,436 3,536 69,838 71,110

Participation rate

39.8 40.3 72.4 72.7

Employed

3,205 3,268 67,527 68,325

Employment-population ratio

37.1 37.2 70.1 69.9

Unemployed

231 268 2,311 2,785

Unemployment rate

6.7 7.6 3.3 3.9

Not in labor force

5,197 5,239 26,558 26,671

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,414 1,310 9,849 10,220

Participation rate

8.5 7.6 23.3 23.4

Employed

1,319 1,219 9,496 9,884

Employment-population ratio

7.9 7.1 22.5 22.6

Unemployed

94 91 353 337

Unemployment rate

6.7 6.9 3.6 3.3

Not in labor force

15,279 15,949 32,367 33,426

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

47,544 50,442 23,400 24,765 24,143 25,677

Civilian labor force

31,244 33,307 18,004 18,920 13,240 14,386

Participation rate

65.7 66.0 76.9 76.4 54.8 56.0

Employed

29,842 31,774 17,163 18,049 12,679 13,725

Employment-population ratio

62.8 63.0 73.3 72.9 52.5 53.5

Unemployed

1,402 1,533 841 871 561 662

Unemployment rate

4.5 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.6

Not in labor force

16,300 17,135 5,397 5,844 10,903 11,291

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

219,996 222,243 107,036 108,246 112,960 113,997

Civilian labor force

135,184 136,507 70,011 70,924 65,173 65,583

Participation rate

61.4 61.4 65.4 65.5 57.7 57.5

Employed

129,807 130,573 66,796 67,562 63,011 63,011

Employment-population ratio

59.0 58.8 62.4 62.4 55.8 55.3

Unemployed

5,376 5,934 3,215 3,362 2,162 2,572

Unemployment rate

4.0 4.3 4.6 4.7 3.3 3.9

Not in labor force

84,813 85,736 37,025 37,322 47,788 48,414

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Sept.
2024
Oct.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,074 2,202 2,202 2,192 2,263 2,246 2,202 2,258 2,319

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,413 1,481 1,486 1,505 1,628 1,569 1,489 1,521 1,573

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

651 696 693 683 617 668 701 723 723

Unpaid family workers

10 26 24 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

157,575 159,091 160,145 158,784 159,531 159,341 159,070 159,469 161,357

Wage and salary workers(1)

148,684 149,896 151,281 149,759 150,213 150,120 149,881 150,253 152,363

Government

21,858 22,399 22,102 21,480 22,220 22,113 22,188 22,109 21,764

Private industries

126,826 127,497 129,179 128,354 128,076 127,994 127,709 128,209 130,742

Private households

773 581 650 - - - - - -

Other industries

126,053 126,915 128,529 127,510 127,458 127,444 127,155 127,713 130,025

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,841 9,157 8,831 9,102 9,228 9,171 9,122 9,241 9,103

Unpaid family workers

50 38 33 - - - - - -

PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,874 4,461 4,935 4,418 4,624 4,565 4,469 4,358 4,477

Slack work or business conditions

3,427 2,989 3,340 2,980 3,028 3,032 3,125 2,867 2,893

Could only find part-time work

1,046 1,150 1,206 1,040 1,260 1,179 1,084 1,195 1,195

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

22,238 23,068 22,325 22,176 22,553 22,351 22,380 22,514 22,299

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,803 4,385 4,854 4,366 4,527 4,426 4,387 4,299 4,416

Slack work or business conditions

3,390 2,936 3,293 2,953 2,946 2,957 3,072 2,833 2,857

Could only find part-time work

1,038 1,150 1,206 1,032 1,258 1,163 1,077 1,196 1,193

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

21,878 22,682 21,961 21,815 22,217 21,961 22,029 22,150 21,935

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Sept.
2024
Oct.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

159,650 161,294 162,347 161,190 161,802 161,456 161,183 161,661 163,895

16 to 19 years

5,256 5,556 5,257 5,710 5,621 5,453 5,562 5,786 5,712

16 to 17 years

2,071 1,927 1,797 2,289 2,184 1,994 1,930 2,019 1,989

18 to 19 years

3,186 3,630 3,460 3,425 3,408 3,438 3,630 3,762 3,719

20 years and over

154,394 155,738 157,090 155,480 156,180 156,003 155,621 155,875 158,183

20 to 24 years

14,173 14,174 14,247 14,539 14,081 14,208 14,142 14,277 14,606

25 years and over

140,221 141,564 142,843 141,030 142,089 141,757 141,409 141,547 143,606

25 to 54 years

102,991 103,792 105,014 103,526 104,171 103,792 103,615 103,766 105,538

25 to 34 years

35,424 35,611 36,131 35,696 35,566 35,516 35,463 35,563 36,406

35 to 44 years

35,703 36,254 36,710 35,844 36,447 36,295 36,274 36,306 36,841

45 to 54 years

31,864 31,927 32,173 31,985 32,158 31,981 31,878 31,897 32,291

55 years and over

37,230 37,772 37,829 37,504 37,918 37,965 37,794 37,781 38,068

Men, 16 years and over

83,959 85,139 85,611 85,073 85,562 85,592 85,318 85,620 86,733

16 to 19 years

2,475 2,760 2,657 2,742 2,779 2,741 2,685 2,881 2,930

16 to 17 years

934 909 857 1,061 1,035 977 886 980 973

18 to 19 years

1,541 1,851 1,800 1,678 1,726 1,754 1,797 1,899 1,954

20 years and over

81,485 82,378 82,954 82,331 82,783 82,851 82,633 82,739 83,803

20 to 24 years

7,093 7,211 7,162 7,318 7,221 7,188 7,172 7,329 7,381

25 years and over

74,391 75,168 75,792 75,115 75,554 75,632 75,425 75,401 76,517

25 to 54 years

54,500 54,911 55,603 55,034 55,261 55,197 55,113 55,091 56,140

25 to 34 years

18,720 18,781 18,997 18,950 18,858 18,882 18,838 18,806 19,228

35 to 44 years

18,949 19,310 19,648 19,119 19,456 19,425 19,418 19,423 19,820

45 to 54 years

16,830 16,820 16,957 16,964 16,946 16,890 16,856 16,862 17,092

55 years and over

19,892 20,257 20,189 20,081 20,293 20,435 20,312 20,310 20,377

Women, 16 years and over

75,691 76,155 76,736 76,117 76,240 75,864 75,865 76,041 77,162

16 to 19 years

2,781 2,796 2,600 2,969 2,843 2,712 2,877 2,906 2,782

16 to 17 years

1,137 1,017 940 1,227 1,149 1,017 1,043 1,038 1,016

18 to 19 years

1,645 1,779 1,660 1,747 1,682 1,684 1,832 1,863 1,765

20 years and over

72,909 73,359 74,136 73,149 73,397 73,152 72,988 73,135 74,380

20 to 24 years

7,080 6,963 7,085 7,221 6,860 7,020 6,970 6,948 7,225

25 years and over

65,829 66,396 67,051 65,915 66,535 66,125 65,985 66,146 67,089

25 to 54 years

48,491 48,881 49,412 48,492 48,910 48,595 48,502 48,675 49,398

25 to 34 years

16,704 16,830 17,134 16,746 16,707 16,634 16,625 16,757 17,177

35 to 44 years

16,754 16,944 17,062 16,725 16,990 16,869 16,856 16,883 17,022

45 to 54 years

15,033 15,107 15,215 15,021 15,212 15,092 15,022 15,036 15,199

55 years and over

17,338 17,515 17,640 17,423 17,625 17,530 17,482 17,471 17,691

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

45,519 45,973 45,930 45,690 46,044 46,082 45,828 45,974 46,093

Married women, spouse present(1)

37,034 37,172 37,112 37,037 37,419 37,192 36,993 37,011 37,109

Women who maintain families(2)

9,897 9,720 10,100 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

131,549 133,014 134,234 133,201 133,627 133,471 133,423 133,510 135,896

Part-time workers(4)

28,101 28,280 28,113 27,890 28,128 27,922 27,671 27,918 27,901

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

8,133 8,607 8,643 8,268 8,653 8,308 8,577 8,478 8,764

Percent of total employed

5.1 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.3

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

6,656 6,850 6,821 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,492 9,853 9,524 9,786 9,845 9,839 9,823 9,964 9,827

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed people
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Jan.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Sept.
2024
Oct.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

6,149 6,886 6,849 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0

16 to 19 years

677 821 763 10.6 14.2 13.7 13.1 12.4 11.8

16 to 17 years

253 314 308 10.0 14.5 11.7 14.1 13.5 13.4

18 to 19 years

419 505 454 10.9 14.1 14.6 12.5 11.8 10.9

20 years and over

5,472 6,065 6,087 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7

20 to 24 years

926 1,157 1,259 6.0 7.0 7.8 7.8 7.5 7.9

25 years and over

4,609 4,953 4,877 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3

25 to 54 years

3,486 3,752 3,671 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.4

25 to 34 years

1,466 1,662 1,606 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.2

35 to 44 years

1,111 1,276 1,190 3.0 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.1

45 to 54 years

908 814 875 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6

55 years and over

1,105 1,199 1,185 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0

Men, 16 years and over

3,482 3,675 3,660 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.0

16 to 19 years

416 469 396 13.2 15.7 14.0 15.3 14.0 11.9

16 to 17 years

189 158 134 15.1 16.8 12.1 18.4 13.9 12.1

18 to 19 years

233 307 263 12.2 15.5 15.2 13.8 13.9 11.9

20 years and over

3,067 3,206 3,264 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7

20 to 24 years

555 658 746 7.0 7.4 9.1 9.0 8.2 9.2

25 years and over

2,582 2,571 2,572 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3

25 to 54 years

1,914 1,909 1,944 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.3

25 to 34 years

780 889 863 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.3

35 to 44 years

652 620 600 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.9

45 to 54 years

482 399 481 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.7

55 years and over

668 662 628 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0

Women, 16 years and over

2,667 3,211 3,189 3.4 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0

16 to 19 years

262 352 366 8.1 12.7 13.5 11.0 10.8 11.6

16 to 17 years

65 156 175 5.0 12.3 11.4 10.0 13.0 14.7

18 to 19 years

186 198 191 9.6 12.6 13.9 11.2 9.6 9.8

20 years and over

2,405 2,859 2,822 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.7

20 to 24 years

372 500 514 4.9 6.6 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.6

25 years and over

2,028 2,382 2,304 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.3

25 to 54 years

1,571 1,843 1,727 3.1 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.4

25 to 34 years

686 773 743 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.1

35 to 44 years

459 656 590 2.7 3.4 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.3

45 to 54 years

427 414 394 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.5

55 years and over

441 532 558 2.5 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

994 1,011 944 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0

Married women, spouse present(1)

774 936 886 2.0 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.3

Women who maintain families(2)

567 566 582 5.4 4.7 5.0 5.9 5.5 5.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

4,973 5,617 5,677 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0

Part-time workers(4)

1,222 1,278 1,227 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.2

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Sept.
2024
Oct.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs

3,680 3,227 3,885 3,030 3,233 3,363 3,394 3,251 3,235

On temporary layoff

1,345 936 1,318 862 885 820 787 862 835

Not on temporary layoff

2,335 2,291 2,567 2,168 2,348 2,543 2,607 2,389 2,400

Permanent job losers

1,621 1,611 1,759 1,570 1,690 1,822 1,871 1,707 1,708

People who completed temporary jobs

713 680 808 598 659 721 736 682 693

Job leavers

791 887 910 793 819 802 854 947 912

Reentrants

1,851 1,798 2,123 1,857 2,051 2,151 2,182 2,031 2,124

New entrants

456 540 549 558 656 608 690 655 659

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs

54.3 50.0 52.0 48.6 47.8 48.6 47.7 47.2 46.7

On temporary layoff

19.8 14.5 17.6 13.8 13.1 11.8 11.1 12.5 12.0

Not on temporary layoff

34.4 35.5 34.4 34.8 34.7 36.7 36.6 34.7 34.6

Job leavers

11.7 13.8 12.2 12.7 12.1 11.6 12.0 13.8 13.2

Reentrants

27.3 27.9 28.4 29.8 30.3 31.1 30.6 29.5 30.7

New entrants

6.7 8.4 7.4 8.9 9.7 8.8 9.7 9.5 9.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs

2.2 1.9 2.3 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9

Job leavers

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

Reentrants

1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

New entrants

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Sept.
2024
Oct.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,559 2,054 2,716 2,143 2,139 2,109 2,208 2,156 2,290

5 to 14 weeks

2,022 1,801 2,101 1,852 1,987 2,082 2,063 1,997 1,935

15 weeks and over

2,196 2,597 2,650 2,149 2,747 2,839 2,890 2,758 2,604

15 to 26 weeks

882 1,135 1,166 877 1,133 1,231 1,236 1,207 1,161

27 weeks and over

1,314 1,463 1,484 1,272 1,614 1,608 1,654 1,551 1,443

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

19.5 23.3 20.6 20.8 22.6 22.9 23.6 23.7 22.0

Median duration, in weeks

8.3 9.8 9.1 9.6 9.9 10.1 10.5 10.4 10.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

37.8 31.8 36.4 34.9 31.1 30.0 30.8 31.2 33.5

5 to 14 weeks

29.8 27.9 28.1 30.1 28.9 29.6 28.8 28.9 28.3

15 weeks and over

32.4 40.3 35.5 35.0 40.0 40.4 40.4 39.9 38.1

15 to 26 weeks

13.0 17.6 15.6 14.3 16.5 17.5 17.3 17.5 17.0

27 weeks and over

19.4 22.7 19.9 20.7 23.5 22.9 23.1 22.4 21.1

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025

Total, 16 years and over(1)

159,650 162,347 6,778 7,467 4.1 4.4

Management, professional, and related occupations

70,650 71,547 1,527 1,604 2.1 2.2

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

30,130 30,688 662 657 2.1 2.1

Professional and related occupations

40,520 40,859 866 947 2.1 2.3

Service occupations

25,341 26,550 1,400 1,724 5.2 6.1

Sales and office occupations

29,905 30,450 1,269 1,350 4.1 4.2

Sales and related occupations

14,195 14,243 676 741 4.5 4.9

Office and administrative support occupations

15,709 16,207 593 609 3.6 3.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14,136 13,789 973 1,091 6.4 7.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

898 881 125 136 12.2 13.4

Construction and extraction occupations

8,286 7,993 695 686 7.7 7.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,952 4,915 153 268 3.0 5.2

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

19,618 20,011 1,126 1,149 5.4 5.4

Production occupations

8,020 8,101 402 364 4.8 4.3

Transportation and material moving occupations

11,598 11,910 724 784 5.9 6.2

Footnotes
(1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
people
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025

Total, 16 years and over(1)

6,778 7,467 4.1 4.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

5,450 6,000 4.1 4.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

16 30 3.0 5.0

Construction

699 669 6.9 6.5

Manufacturing

512 605 3.4 3.9

Durable goods

284 316 2.9 3.2

Nondurable goods

227 289 4.2 5.2

Wholesale and retail trade

936 1,135 4.6 5.6

Transportation and utilities

351 274 4.3 3.2

Information

156 152 5.5 5.7

Financial activities

214 214 2.1 2.0

Professional and business services

816 958 4.3 4.9

Education and health services

667 739 2.6 2.7

Leisure and hospitality

814 983 6.0 7.4

Other services

269 240 4.0 3.6

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

120 138 8.0 8.8

Government workers

402 363 1.8 1.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

351 417 3.5 4.2

Footnotes
(1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Sept.
2024
Oct.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024
Jan.
2025

U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.3 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5

U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.2 1.9 2.3 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

4.1 3.8 4.4 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

4.3 4.1 4.8 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force

5.1 4.7 5.3 4.6 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force

8.0 7.4 8.2 7.2 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.5

NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025
Jan.
2024
Jan.
2025

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

101,113 102,871 42,422 43,166 58,691 59,705

People who currently want a job

5,964 5,658 2,828 2,601 3,135 3,056

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

1,757 1,703 856 938 901 765

Discouraged workers(2)

466 630 284 392 182 238

Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,292 1,073 572 546 719 527

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

8,133 8,643 3,957 4,166 4,176 4,477

Percent of total employed

5.1 5.3 4.7 4.9 5.5 5.8

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

4,602 4,976 2,496 2,612 2,106 2,364

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

2,048 1,896 729 669 1,319 1,227

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

416 395 245 223 171 172

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,011 1,297 466 637 545 660

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)
Change from:
Dec.2024 - Jan.2025(p)

Total nonfarm

154,942 159,882 159,943 157,091 157,049 158,619 158,926 159,069 143

Total private

131,909 135,893 136,102 133,631 133,896 135,095 135,368 135,479 111

Goods-producing

21,181 21,744 21,624 21,262 21,611 21,669 21,667 21,667 0

Mining and logging

621 626 622 615 632 625 622 615 -7

Logging

42.5 39.6 39.4 39.4 42.3 38.8 39.0 39.1 0.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

578.2 586.8 582.6 575.9 590.1 585.8 583.4 575.7 -7.7

Oil and gas extraction

121.4 123.7 122.4 122.4 122.1 122.9 122.4 122.4 0.0

Mining (except oil and gas)

185.6 192.5 189.5 186.6 191.2 192.0 191.2 191.1 -0.1

Coal mining

42.0 42.3 41.7 41.0 42.3 42.3 41.7 41.0 -0.7

Metal ore mining

44.4 44.7 44.9 45.0 44.6 45.0 45.1 45.1 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

99.2 105.5 102.9 100.6 104.3 104.8 104.4 105.1 0.7

Support activities for mining

271.2 270.6 270.7 266.9 276.8 270.9 269.8 262.2 -7.6

Construction

7,779 8,343 8,218 7,960 8,113 8,274 8,287 8,291 4

Construction of buildings

1,784.8 1,871.6 1,866.2 1,832.0 1,828.9 1,865.5 1,869.2 1,872.2 3.0

Residential building construction

906.3 954.5 954.2 935.3 930.5 951.4 954.1 956.0 1.9

Nonresidential building construction

878.5 917.1 912.0 896.7 898.4 914.1 915.1 916.2 1.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction

1,036.7 1,187.7 1,135.1 1,068.8 1,139.3 1,165.8 1,170.8 1,168.5 -2.3

Specialty trade contractors

4,957.9 5,283.4 5,217.1 5,059.4 5,145.0 5,242.9 5,246.9 5,250.4 3.5

Residential specialty trade contractors

2,301.0 2,426.6 2,389.1 2,311.9 2,388.4 2,407.3 2,405.1 2,403.0 -2.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,656.9 2,856.8 2,828.0 2,747.5 2,756.6 2,835.6 2,841.8 2,847.4 5.6

Manufacturing

12,781 12,775 12,784 12,687 12,866 12,770 12,758 12,761 3

Durable goods

7,974 7,931 7,933 7,868 8,013 7,925 7,907 7,904 -3

Wood product manufacturing

414.0 415.1 413.9 414.4 416.4 415.6 414.3 417.0 2.7

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

410.8 429.0 427.9 419.0 420.1 425.4 425.6 428.6 3.0

Primary metal manufacturing

371.5 370.8 373.4 371.3 373.4 372.3 372.2 372.3 0.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

1,445.5 1,436.1 1,434.6 1,435.9 1,450.1 1,436.6 1,433.7 1,437.5 3.8

Machinery manufacturing

1,124.3 1,113.8 1,113.4 1,111.6 1,127.8 1,114.9 1,112.4 1,113.2 0.8

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

1,036.4 1,017.5 1,016.1 1,007.1 1,040.0 1,018.9 1,014.6 1,010.3 -4.3

Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing

112.1 110.5 111.9 110.4 112.1 110.4 111.0 110.2 -0.8

Communications equipment manufacturing

84.4 82.1 81.9 81.8 84.8 82.0 81.7 81.7 0.0

Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing

394.3 385.6 382.7 377.7 395.9 386.3 382.6 378.5 -4.1

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

416.3 409.3 410.1 408.0 417.4 410.3 409.8 410.1 0.3

Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing

29.3 30.0 29.5 29.2 29.7 29.9 29.6 29.9 0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

415.9 408.8 407.1 408.5 417.1 409.2 406.4 408.5 2.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)

1,791.7 1,787.6 1,792.0 1,751.8 1,799.0 1,781.3 1,776.3 1,763.9 -12.4

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

1,018.8 1,015.2 1,019.4 987.4 1,024.4 1,010.9 1,005.5 995.8 -9.7

Furniture and related product manufacturing

346.2 339.7 338.9 336.4 348.4 338.7 337.6 336.8 -0.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing

617.6 612.1 616.0 612.2 621.1 611.9 613.9 615.9 2.0

Nondurable goods

4,807 4,844 4,851 4,819 4,853 4,845 4,851 4,857 6

Food manufacturing

1,743.9 1,776.4 1,777.9 1,759.0 1,757.0 1,772.7 1,771.0 1,771.7 0.7

Textile mills

86.0 86.8 86.5 86.3 86.4 86.4 86.5 86.3 -0.2

Textile product mills

98.6 99.2 99.8 99.9 98.7 99.5 99.8 99.7 -0.1

Apparel manufacturing

86.6 83.8 83.5 83.2 87.6 83.6 83.4 84.8 1.4

Paper manufacturing

355.4 355.7 355.3 355.8 355.9 354.6 353.5 355.0 1.5

Printing and related support activities

360.0 355.3 355.6 352.0 363.1 354.1 353.8 354.3 0.5

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

106.4 107.0 105.2 105.6 110.5 108.3 108.4 109.3 0.9

Chemical manufacturing

890.5 895.6 901.4 900.1 896.0 899.3 901.5 902.3 0.8

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

727.5 718.1 720.0 716.1 731.5 718.6 719.6 718.3 -1.3

Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing

351.7 366.5 366.2 360.7 366.5 368.2 373.8 374.9 1.1

Private service-providing

110,728 114,149 114,478 112,369 112,285 113,426 113,701 113,812 111

Trade, transportation, and utilities

28,722 29,455 29,809 28,987 28,819 28,952 29,021 29,059 38

Wholesale trade

6,085.3 6,171.5 6,201.8 6,152.2 6,128.6 6,165.7 6,178.6 6,180.6 2.0

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods

3,404.8 3,455.5 3,470.7 3,449.0 3,421.8 3,453.7 3,458.0 3,458.2 0.2

Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods

2,189.6 2,221.0 2,234.2 2,210.2 2,213.2 2,219.6 2,226.5 2,227.1 0.6

Wholesale trade agents and brokers

490.9 495.0 496.9 493.0 493.6 492.4 494.1 495.3 1.2

Retail trade

15,468.6 15,812.0 15,954.2 15,519.5 15,520.8 15,503.1 15,539.4 15,573.7 34.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers

2,030.0 2,052.7 2,049.6 2,038.5 2,051.1 2,052.5 2,051.4 2,055.9 4.5

Automobile dealers

1,274.7 1,294.0 1,296.9 1,291.1 1,282.4 1,293.2 1,294.5 1,296.8 2.3

Other motor vehicle dealers

164.3 162.4 157.9 157.9 174.1 166.4 164.5 167.1 2.6

Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers

591.0 596.3 594.8 589.5 594.5 592.9 592.4 592.0 -0.4

Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers

1,360.1 1,369.3 1,363.8 1,340.7 1,403.7 1,389.2 1,386.5 1,385.7 -0.8

Food and beverage retailers

3,205.9 3,267.9 3,275.8 3,233.7 3,216.6 3,236.3 3,236.8 3,237.1 0.3

Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers

824.3 830.8 840.8 803.8 815.0 806.2 801.9 800.2 -1.7

Furniture and home furnishings retailers

421.2 417.8 425.6 416.4 415.9 407.9 407.6 412.9 5.3

Electronics and appliance retailers

403.1 413.0 415.2 387.4 399.1 398.3 394.3 387.3 -7.0

General merchandise retailers

3,237.3 3,402.4 3,457.5 3,300.7 3,227.1 3,265.0 3,275.7 3,306.9 31.2

Department stores

1,002.7 1,081.5 1,126.1 1,027.2 997.5 1,015.0 1,024.4 1,027.9 3.5

Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers

2,234.6 2,320.9 2,331.4 2,273.5 2,229.6 2,250.1 2,251.3 2,279.1 27.8

Health and personal care retailers

1,101.0 1,106.5 1,120.8 1,100.4 1,088.9 1,085.0 1,089.7 1,092.0 2.3

Gasoline stations and fuel dealers

1,040.9 1,057.2 1,057.1 1,047.5 1,050.6 1,053.6 1,057.4 1,056.0 -1.4

Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers

1,169.9 1,186.9 1,236.1 1,150.9 1,153.5 1,116.6 1,132.9 1,125.2 -7.7

Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers

1,499.2 1,538.3 1,552.7 1,503.3 1,514.3 1,498.7 1,507.1 1,514.7 7.6

Transportation and warehousing

6,582.9 6,877.5 7,059.0 6,723.9 6,583.8 6,688.8 6,710.3 6,711.4 1.1

Air transportation

556.1 563.2 567.8 566.3 560.9 565.5 568.3 569.4 1.1

Rail transportation

157.3 154.8 154.6 154.6 157.1 155.6 155.4 156.3 0.9

Water transportation

66.2 68.3 67.6 65.9 69.1 69.7 69.6 69.5 -0.1

Truck transportation

1,507.9 1,530.0 1,521.7 1,503.4 1,531.9 1,517.8 1,518.1 1,521.9 3.8

Transit and ground passenger transportation

464.9 502.8 501.5 497.9 457.2 486.3 486.0 490.1 4.1

Pipeline transportation

54.1 55.9 56.2 54.2 54.6 55.8 56.2 54.5 -1.7

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

23.9 26.4 26.1 22.5 31.0 29.9 29.9 29.4 -0.5

Support activities for transportation

824.0 848.1 855.0 847.8 825.8 843.9 845.5 846.8 1.3

Couriers and messengers

1,089.5 1,234.2 1,418.2 1,175.9 1,060.8 1,119.9 1,138.5 1,135.3 -3.2

Warehousing and storage

1,839.0 1,893.8 1,890.3 1,835.4 1,835.4 1,844.4 1,842.8 1,838.2 -4.6

Utilities

584.8 593.9 594.4 591.7 586.2 593.9 593.1 593.2 0.1

Information

2,924 2,938 2,965 2,911 2,966 2,927 2,943 2,945 2

Motion picture and sound recording industries

375.4 406.8 416.6 381.8 405.4 399.4 406.9 408.5 1.6

Publishing industries

910.9 914.4 924.9 918.3 916.5 913.0 917.6 920.1 2.5

Broadcasting and content providers

342.2 336.2 332.2 331.5 344.8 335.2 331.2 333.0 1.8

Telecommunications

629.0 614.4 622.3 613.1 631.8 614.5 620.8 612.9 -7.9

Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services

483.2 480.2 485.0 481.0 483.6 480.0 483.1 485.0 1.9

Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services

183.3 185.6 183.7 185.5 184.1 184.5 183.8 185.4 1.6

Financial activities

9,114 9,210 9,246 9,174 9,165 9,194 9,213 9,220 7

Finance and insurance

6,681.7 6,730.0 6,753.6 6,723.3 6,698.9 6,719.0 6,732.0 6,735.4 3.4

Monetary authorities-central bank

20.7 21.2 21.2 21.4 20.8 21.2 21.2 21.4 0.2

Credit intermediation and related
activities

2,583.5 2,555.7 2,558.6 2,552.8 2,585.1 2,558.4 2,555.7 2,553.2 -2.5

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,789.3 1,779.0 1,779.7 1,777.1 1,789.4 1,781.0 1,778.9 1,777.1 -1.8

Commercial banking

1,383.8 1,370.2 1,369.5 1,368.8 1,384.2 1,372.4 1,370.1 1,368.7 -1.4

Nondepository credit intermediation

513.4 506.8 508.1 505.3 514.4 506.4 505.8 505.2 -0.6

Activities related to credit intermediation

280.8 269.9 270.8 270.4 281.3 270.9 271.0 270.9 -0.1

Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities

1,102.6 1,126.8 1,134.6 1,120.4 1,110.4 1,122.6 1,126.7 1,125.5 -1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,974.9 3,026.3 3,039.2 3,028.7 2,982.6 3,016.8 3,028.4 3,035.3 6.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,432.0 2,479.6 2,492.8 2,450.6 2,466.0 2,474.8 2,480.7 2,484.6 3.9

Real estate

1,841.8 1,880.1 1,890.0 1,857.9 1,859.0 1,871.5 1,873.4 1,877.0 3.6

Rental and leasing services

568.1 576.5 579.5 569.8 584.5 580.4 584.2 584.4 0.2

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)

22.1 23.0 23.3 22.9 22.5 22.9 23.1 23.2 0.1

Professional and business services

22,282 22,773 22,704 22,242 22,667 22,578 22,609 22,598 -11

Professional, scientific, and technical services

10,761.9 10,874.6 10,911.8 10,851.5 10,805.3 10,846.5 10,873.8 10,890.9 17.1

Legal services

1,188.9 1,198.6 1,204.8 1,188.9 1,193.7 1,191.8 1,194.0 1,194.9 0.9

Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services

1,184.7 1,118.2 1,136.6 1,173.7 1,154.2 1,145.9 1,144.1 1,144.7 0.6

Architectural, engineering, and related services

1,660.9 1,724.3 1,727.3 1,717.4 1,684.2 1,721.3 1,729.8 1,736.9 7.1

Specialized design services

152.1 155.0 153.3 150.2 153.5 152.7 151.3 151.7 0.4

Computer systems design and related services

2,441.5 2,459.4 2,446.2 2,452.6 2,447.0 2,444.7 2,444.2 2,457.9 13.7

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services

1,846.5 1,890.7 1,911.4 1,867.2 1,860.1 1,871.9 1,887.5 1,877.1 -10.4

Scientific research and development services

927.9 940.4 940.5 931.5 936.1 940.2 941.4 942.0 0.6

Advertising, public relations, and related services

493.9 500.5 500.5 493.7 500.3 498.5 497.1 497.4 0.3

Other professional, scientific, and technical services

865.5 887.5 891.2 876.3 876.2 879.6 884.5 888.4 3.9

Management of companies and enterprises

2,604.7 2,612.9 2,631.0 2,612.7 2,612.9 2,616.1 2,621.8 2,619.3 -2.5

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

8,915.4 9,285.1 9,161.6 8,777.9 9,248.5 9,115.3 9,113.1 9,088.0 -25.1

Administrative and support services

8,417.3 8,764.6 8,644.6 8,264.4 8,745.0 8,596.8 8,594.4 8,567.5 -26.9

Office administrative services

616.0 623.6 626.7 621.4 620.8 620.6 626.1 624.0 -2.1

Facilities support services

173.1 183.6 183.7 185.7 174.7 184.6 185.7 187.7 2.0

Employment services(1)

3,305.5 3,403.0 3,379.5 3,140.0 3,421.5 3,265.2 3,257.3 3,242.3 -15.0

Temporary help services

2,591.0 2,664.6 2,641.4 2,434.9 2,700.2 2,550.1 2,547.1 2,534.7 -12.4

Business support services

712.5 689.3 685.4 662.3 710.6 675.2 668.8 663.4 -5.4

Travel arrangement and reservation services

188.7 192.0 190.3 187.8 191.5 191.4 190.8 191.0 0.2

Investigation and security services

1,009.4 1,035.2 1,034.3 1,021.6 1,018.8 1,029.5 1,030.4 1,029.3 -1.1

Services to buildings and dwellings

2,086.0 2,307.0 2,219.7 2,125.5 2,271.3 2,300.5 2,308.9 2,300.4 -8.5

Other support services

326.1 330.9 325.0 320.1 335.8 329.9 326.4 329.2 2.8

Waste management and remediation services

498.1 520.5 517.0 513.5 503.5 518.5 518.7 520.5 1.8

Private education and health services

25,867 27,127 27,099 26,844 26,031 26,848 26,930 26,991 61

Private educational services

3,842.1 4,162.8 4,058.0 3,893.3 3,930.6 3,984.8 3,985.4 3,981.0 -4.4

Health care and social assistance

22,024.8 22,963.8 23,040.7 22,950.4 22,100.6 22,863.6 22,944.3 23,010.3 66.0

Health care(3)

17,278.5 17,981.0 18,039.3 17,958.8 17,338.0 17,900.8 17,955.5 17,999.2 43.7

Ambulatory health care services

8,589.5 8,967.2 8,993.9 8,927.0 8,628.2 8,915.3 8,936.7 8,953.3 16.6

Offices of physicians

2,934.8 3,021.9 3,045.2 3,015.1 2,942.3 3,003.6 3,017.3 3,019.5 2.2

Offices of dentists

1,033.1 1,054.9 1,054.1 1,055.3 1,036.0 1,052.2 1,048.8 1,056.8 8.0

Offices of other health practitioners

1,192.8 1,270.0 1,272.2 1,253.8 1,201.9 1,259.3 1,263.0 1,261.8 -1.2

Outpatient care centers

1,101.3 1,126.6 1,123.5 1,114.8 1,101.4 1,121.1 1,117.9 1,115.5 -2.4

Medical and diagnostic laboratories

313.0 305.2 306.2 307.5 313.0 305.1 305.3 305.9 0.6

Home health care services

1,663.3 1,826.2 1,834.2 1,822.3 1,680.8 1,813.3 1,825.7 1,836.3 10.6

Other ambulatory health care services

351.2 362.4 358.5 358.2 352.7 360.7 358.7 357.5 -1.2

Hospitals

5,442.6 5,643.6 5,655.3 5,654.2 5,452.7 5,625.7 5,642.2 5,656.1 13.9

Nursing and residential care facilities

3,246.4 3,370.2 3,390.1 3,377.6 3,257.1 3,359.8 3,376.6 3,389.8 13.2

Skilled nursing care facilities

1,465.6 1,515.2 1,522.5 1,519.4 1,468.5 1,508.5 1,516.1 1,523.2 7.1

Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities

651.0 682.5 689.6 683.1 655.7 681.4 687.0 686.9 -0.1

Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly

970.3 1,003.4 1,007.9 1,004.8 972.6 1,000.9 1,004.0 1,009.2 5.2

Other residential care facilities

159.5 169.1 170.1 170.3 160.2 168.9 169.5 170.6 1.1

Social assistance

4,746.3 4,982.8 5,001.4 4,991.6 4,762.6 4,962.8 4,988.8 5,011.1 22.3

Individual and family services

3,153.6 3,360.6 3,373.5 3,375.0 3,164.5 3,349.3 3,370.3 3,390.4 20.1

Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services

226.5 235.6 238.1 238.9 227.7 234.8 235.4 239.8 4.4

Vocational rehabilitation services

280.2 284.9 285.7 280.6 284.3 284.3 285.9 284.5 -1.4

Child care services

1,086.0 1,101.7 1,104.1 1,097.1 1,086.1 1,094.4 1,097.1 1,096.4 -0.7

Leisure and hospitality

15,980 16,655 16,672 16,265 16,720 16,932 16,981 16,978 -3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2,337.3 2,513.0 2,509.2 2,432.2 2,590.1 2,662.2 2,663.1 2,677.9 14.8

Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries

520.5 602.4 599.0 558.3 585.2 610.3 614.4 613.5 -0.9

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

164.2 178.6 177.5 169.1 177.7 180.9 181.7 182.4 0.7

Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries

1,652.6 1,732.0 1,732.7 1,704.8 1,827.2 1,871.0 1,867.0 1,882.0 15.0

Accommodation and food services

13,643.0 14,141.5 14,163.2 13,832.5 14,129.7 14,270.0 14,317.4 14,299.9 -17.5

Accommodation

1,830.6 1,888.7 1,889.5 1,844.1 1,919.3 1,943.3 1,944.9 1,943.1 -1.8

Food services and drinking places

11,812.4 12,252.8 12,273.7 11,988.4 12,210.4 12,326.7 12,372.5 12,356.8 -15.7

Other services

5,839 5,991 5,983 5,946 5,917 5,995 6,004 6,021 17

Repair and maintenance

1,448.0 1,471.1 1,464.0 1,462.3 1,465.8 1,471.0 1,470.9 1,480.8 9.9

Personal and laundry services

1,546.4 1,609.6 1,612.9 1,596.4 1,569.1 1,605.4 1,611.7 1,615.8 4.1

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations

2,844.7 2,910.5 2,906.0 2,886.9 2,882.0 2,918.6 2,921.5 2,924.5 3.0

Government

23,033 23,989 23,841 23,460 23,153 23,524 23,558 23,590 32

Federal

2,963 3,014 3,020 3,006 2,977 3,009 3,015 3,024 9

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,357.5 2,410.0 2,414.2 2,402.9 2,370.7 2,406.4 2,415.8 2,419.5 3.7

U.S. Postal Service

605.1 603.6 606.0 602.9 606.1 602.2 599.1 604.8 5.7

State government

5,297 5,683 5,605 5,422 5,390 5,493 5,504 5,506 2

State government education

2,515.9 2,810.7 2,730.1 2,550.6 2,593.9 2,617.3 2,620.9 2,620.1 -0.8

State government, excluding education

2,781.0 2,872.6 2,874.8 2,871.8 2,796.2 2,876.1 2,882.9 2,885.9 3.0

Local government

14,773 15,292 15,216 15,032 14,786 15,022 15,039 15,060 21

Local government education

8,197.5 8,470.4 8,451.0 8,309.1 8,081.9 8,180.7 8,189.9 8,200.7 10.8

Local government, excluding education

6,575.3 6,821.2 6,764.6 6,723.3 6,703.9 6,840.8 6,849.1 6,858.8 9.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.2 34.3 34.2 34.1

Goods-producing

39.5 39.7 39.7 39.6

Mining and logging

44.5 44.1 44.2 43.7

Construction

38.6 38.9 38.8 38.7

Manufacturing

39.9 40.1 40.1 40.0

Durable goods

40.3 40.5 40.5 40.5

Nondurable goods

39.1 39.3 39.4 39.2

Private service-providing

33.2 33.2 33.2 33.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

33.7 33.8 34.0 33.7

Wholesale trade

38.9 39.2 39.1 39.2

Retail trade

29.4 29.7 29.9 29.4

Transportation and warehousing

38.1 37.6 38.1 37.8

Utilities

42.2 41.6 42.1 42.0

Information

36.4 36.7 36.8 36.5

Financial activities

37.3 37.5 37.6 37.3

Professional and business services

36.3 36.5 36.3 36.2

Private education and health services

33.2 33.0 32.9 32.8

Leisure and hospitality

25.4 25.6 25.5 25.3

Other services

32.2 32.1 32.1 32.1

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8

Durable goods

3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8

Nondurable goods

2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)

Total private

$34.47 $35.61 $35.70 $35.87 $1,178.87 $1,221.42 $1,220.94 $1,223.17

Goods-producing

35.07 36.26 36.35 36.47 1,385.27 1,439.52 1,443.10 1,444.21

Mining and logging

39.22 40.06 39.92 40.19 1,745.29 1,766.65 1,764.46 1,756.30

Construction

37.54 38.78 38.96 39.07 1,449.04 1,508.54 1,511.65 1,512.01

Manufacturing

33.34 34.47 34.52 34.64 1,330.27 1,382.25 1,384.25 1,385.60

Durable goods

35.18 36.54 36.57 36.74 1,417.75 1,479.87 1,481.09 1,487.97

Nondurable goods

30.20 30.98 31.08 31.11 1,180.82 1,217.51 1,224.55 1,219.51

Private service-providing

34.33 35.46 35.55 35.73 1,139.76 1,177.27 1,180.26 1,179.09

Trade, transportation, and utilities

29.70 30.39 30.36 30.51 1,000.89 1,027.18 1,032.24 1,028.19

Wholesale trade

37.28 37.97 37.94 38.06 1,450.19 1,488.42 1,483.45 1,491.95

Retail trade

24.23 24.93 24.88 24.98 712.36 740.42 743.91 734.41

Transportation and warehousing

30.37 30.97 31.01 31.13 1,157.10 1,164.47 1,181.48 1,176.71

Utilities

50.70 52.03 52.25 52.39 2,139.54 2,164.45 2,199.73 2,200.38

Information

49.14 51.40 51.12 51.71 1,788.70 1,886.38 1,881.22 1,887.42

Financial activities

44.79 46.17 46.40 46.82 1,670.67 1,731.38 1,744.64 1,746.39

Professional and business services

41.41 43.16 43.37 43.51 1,503.18 1,575.34 1,574.33 1,575.06

Private education and health services

33.71 34.93 35.05 35.18 1,119.17 1,152.69 1,153.15 1,153.90

Leisure and hospitality

21.68 22.33 22.40 22.48 550.67 571.65 571.20 568.74

Other services

31.19 32.29 32.37 32.64 1,004.32 1,036.51 1,039.08 1,047.74

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)
Percent change from:
Dec.
2024 - Jan.
2025(p)
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)
Percent change from:
Dec.
2024 - Jan.
2025(p)

Total private

115.0 116.3 116.2 116.0 -0.2 189.4 198.0 198.4 198.9 0.3

Goods-producing

97.3 98.0 98.0 97.8 -0.2 154.2 160.7 161.1 161.2 0.1

Mining and logging

88.4 86.6 86.4 84.5 -2.2 139.2 139.3 138.5 136.3 -1.6

Construction

108.0 110.9 110.8 110.6 -0.2 176.1 186.9 187.6 187.8 0.1

Manufacturing

92.4 92.2 92.1 91.9 -0.2 143.3 147.8 147.8 148.0 0.1

Durable goods

90.9 90.4 90.2 90.2 0.0 142.1 146.7 146.5 147.1 0.4

Nondurable goods

94.7 95.0 95.4 95.0 -0.4 145.1 149.4 150.5 150.0 -0.3

Private service-providing

120.0 121.2 121.5 120.9 -0.5 200.2 208.9 210.0 210.0 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

106.1 106.9 107.8 107.0 -0.7 170.0 175.2 176.5 176.0 -0.3

Wholesale trade

105.2 106.6 106.6 106.9 0.3 164.0 169.3 169.1 170.1 0.6

Retail trade

92.9 93.7 94.6 93.2 -1.5 148.8 154.5 155.6 153.9 -1.1

Transportation and warehousing

144.1 144.5 146.9 145.8 -0.7 222.7 227.7 231.7 230.8 -0.4

Utilities

107.1 106.9 108.1 107.8 -0.3 179.3 183.8 186.5 186.6 0.1

Information

98.6 98.1 98.9 98.2 -0.7 172.5 179.6 180.1 180.8 0.4

Financial activities

112.0 112.9 113.5 112.7 -0.7 195.6 203.4 205.4 205.7 0.1

Professional and business services

128.7 128.9 128.4 127.9 -0.4 215.8 225.3 225.5 225.5 0.0

Private education and health services

141.2 144.7 144.7 144.6 -0.1 228.9 243.2 244.0 244.7 0.3

Leisure and hospitality

121.2 123.7 123.6 122.6 -0.8 211.9 222.8 223.3 222.3 -0.4

Other services

109.9 111.0 111.1 111.4 0.3 187.8 196.4 197.2 199.4 1.1

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)

Total nonfarm

78,417 79,079 79,225 79,315 49.9 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private

64,898 65,340 65,460 65,524 48.5 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing

4,991 4,950 4,950 4,954 23.1 22.8 22.8 22.9

Mining and logging

85 86 85 86 13.4 13.8 13.7 14.0

Construction

1,157 1,179 1,182 1,184 14.3 14.2 14.3 14.3

Manufacturing

3,749 3,685 3,683 3,684 29.1 28.9 28.9 28.9

Durable goods

1,989 1,935 1,932 1,929 24.8 24.4 24.4 24.4

Nondurable goods

1,760 1,750 1,751 1,755 36.3 36.1 36.1 36.1

Private service-providing

59,907 60,390 60,510 60,570 53.4 53.2 53.2 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

11,238 11,222 11,253 11,264 39.0 38.8 38.8 38.8

Wholesale trade

1,862.3 1,881.2 1,884.3 1,890.3 30.4 30.5 30.5 30.6

Retail trade

7,467.7 7,426.1 7,449.3 7,454.1 48.1 47.9 47.9 47.9

Transportation and warehousing

1,752.6 1,759.8 1,764.9 1,764.9 26.6 26.3 26.3 26.3

Utilities

155.5 155.1 154.4 154.5 26.5 26.1 26.0 26.0

Information

1,198 1,166 1,166 1,170 40.4 39.8 39.6 39.7

Financial activities

5,106 5,082 5,089 5,087 55.7 55.3 55.2 55.2

Professional and business services

10,411 10,306 10,297 10,284 45.9 45.6 45.5 45.5

Private education and health services

20,003 20,575 20,624 20,666 76.8 76.6 76.6 76.6

Leisure and hospitality

8,775 8,817 8,849 8,859 52.5 52.1 52.1 52.2

Other services

3,176 3,222 3,232 3,240 53.7 53.7 53.8 53.8

Government

13,519 13,739 13,765 13,791 58.4 58.4 58.4 58.5

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)

Total private

108,985 109,960 110,230 110,286

Goods-producing

15,447 15,386 15,377 15,384

Mining and logging

494 474 467 467

Construction

5,950 6,009 6,011 6,006

Manufacturing

9,003 8,903 8,899 8,911

Durable goods

5,495 5,374 5,366 5,371

Nondurable goods

3,508 3,529 3,533 3,540

Private service-providing

93,538 94,574 94,853 94,902

Trade, transportation, and utilities

24,298 24,511 24,611 24,624

Wholesale trade

4,841.8 4,875.7 4,885.8 4,886.1

Retail trade

13,274.0 13,310.7 13,351.2 13,379.0

Transportation and warehousing

5,714.6 5,853.4 5,903.4 5,888.5

Utilities

467.6 471.4 470.2 470.3

Information

2,382 2,352 2,371 2,355

Financial activities

6,900 6,939 6,959 6,965

Professional and business services

17,866 17,701 17,711 17,680

Private education and health services

22,681 23,468 23,554 23,622

Leisure and hospitality

14,600 14,739 14,778 14,779

Other services

4,811 4,864 4,869 4,877

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.5 33.6 33.7 33.5

Goods-producing

40.0 40.5 40.5 40.4

Mining and logging

46.7 46.4 46.3 46.3

Construction

39.0 39.6 39.6 39.7

Manufacturing

40.2 40.7 40.9 40.6

Durable goods

40.4 40.9 41.0 40.8

Nondurable goods

39.9 40.4 40.6 40.3

Private service-providing

32.5 32.5 32.6 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

33.8 33.9 34.2 33.9

Wholesale trade

38.6 39.0 39.1 39.1

Retail trade

30.2 30.3 30.5 30.2

Transportation and warehousing

37.5 37.3 37.8 37.4

Utilities

42.3 42.6 42.5 42.8

Information

35.9 35.7 35.7 35.6

Financial activities

36.8 37.3 37.2 37.2

Professional and business services

36.0 36.3 36.3 36.2

Private education and health services

32.3 32.1 32.0 32.0

Leisure and hospitality

24.0 24.1 24.0 23.7

Other services

31.1 31.2 31.1 31.1

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6

Durable goods

3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4

Nondurable goods

3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)

Total private

$29.61 $30.58 $30.68 $30.84 $991.94 $1,027.49 $1,033.92 $1,033.14

Goods-producing

30.55 31.59 31.73 31.90 1,222.00 1,279.40 1,285.07 1,288.76

Mining and logging

36.09 36.57 36.92 36.87 1,685.40 1,696.85 1,709.40 1,707.08

Construction

35.21 36.26 36.46 36.54 1,373.19 1,435.90 1,443.82 1,450.64

Manufacturing

27.20 28.22 28.33 28.55 1,093.44 1,148.55 1,158.70 1,159.13

Durable goods

28.56 29.75 29.82 30.11 1,153.82 1,216.78 1,222.62 1,228.49

Nondurable goods

25.05 25.86 26.04 26.15 999.50 1,044.74 1,057.22 1,053.85

Private service-providing

29.41 30.38 30.47 30.62 955.83 987.35 993.32 992.09

Trade, transportation, and utilities

25.75 26.29 26.30 26.43 870.35 891.23 899.46 895.98

Wholesale trade

30.89 31.67 31.55 31.71 1,192.35 1,235.13 1,233.61 1,239.86

Retail trade

20.75 21.12 21.16 21.24 626.65 639.94 645.38 641.45

Transportation and warehousing

28.84 29.37 29.41 29.54 1,081.50 1,095.50 1,111.70 1,104.80

Utilities

44.88 45.82 46.01 46.33 1,898.42 1,951.93 1,955.43 1,982.92

Information

40.62 41.75 41.57 41.77 1,458.26 1,490.48 1,484.05 1,487.01

Financial activities

35.02 36.15 36.40 36.58 1,288.74 1,348.40 1,354.08 1,360.78

Professional and business services

34.91 36.39 36.54 36.67 1,256.76 1,320.96 1,326.40 1,327.45

Private education and health services

30.82 31.98 32.13 32.29 995.49 1,026.56 1,028.16 1,033.28

Leisure and hospitality

19.22 19.78 19.85 19.91 461.28 476.70 476.40 471.87

Other services

27.01 28.11 28.19 28.34 840.01 877.03 876.71 881.37

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)
Percent change from:
Dec.
2024 - Jan.
2025(p)
Jan.
2024
Nov.
2024
Dec.
2024(p)
Jan.
2025(p)
Percent change from:
Dec.
2024 - Jan.
2025(p)

Total private

121.7 123.1 123.8 123.1 -0.6 240.8 251.6 253.8 253.8 0.0

Goods-producing

94.4 95.2 95.2 95.0 -0.2 176.6 184.2 184.9 185.5 0.3

Mining and logging

122.6 116.9 114.9 114.9 0.0 257.3 248.6 246.7 246.4 -0.1

Construction

116.2 119.1 119.2 119.4 0.2 220.9 233.3 234.6 235.6 0.4

Manufacturing

83.1 83.2 83.6 83.1 -0.6 147.8 153.5 154.8 155.1 0.2

Durable goods

83.4 82.6 82.7 82.3 -0.5 148.7 153.4 153.9 154.8 0.6

Nondurable goods

82.5 84.0 84.5 84.1 -0.5 146.0 153.5 155.5 155.3 -0.1

Private service-providing

129.5 131.0 131.7 131.0 -0.5 261.3 272.9 275.4 275.2 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

115.0 116.3 117.8 116.9 -0.8 211.6 218.5 221.5 220.7 -0.4

Wholesale trade

110.9 112.9 113.4 113.4 0.0 202.2 210.9 211.1 212.2 0.5

Retail trade

101.6 102.3 103.2 102.4 -0.8 180.8 185.2 187.3 186.6 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing

162.2 165.2 168.9 166.7 -1.3 297.7 308.9 316.1 313.4 -0.9

Utilities

101.1 102.7 102.2 102.9 0.7 189.4 196.4 196.2 199.0 1.4

Information

97.6 95.8 96.6 95.7 -0.9 196.3 198.1 198.8 197.9 -0.5

Financial activities

119.5 121.8 121.8 121.9 0.1 257.5 270.9 272.8 274.4 0.6

Professional and business services

143.6 143.4 143.5 142.9 -0.4 298.1 310.5 311.9 311.6 -0.1

Private education and health services

156.2 160.6 160.7 161.2 0.3 317.7 339.0 340.8 343.5 0.8

Leisure and hospitality

128.3 130.1 129.9 128.3 -1.2 280.1 292.3 292.9 290.1 -1.0

Other services

104.9 106.4 106.2 106.4 0.2 206.5 218.0 218.1 219.7 0.7

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Last Modified Date: February 07, 2025