Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-0294
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Establishment data:(202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release
http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, March 7, 2008.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: FEBRUARY 2008
Nonfarm payroll employment edged down in February (-63,000), and the
unemployment rate was essentially unchanged at 4.8 percent, the Bureau of
Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Employment
fell in manufacturing, construction, and retail trade. Job growth continued
in health care and in food services. Average hourly earnings rose by 5 cents,
or 0.3 percent, over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons (7.4 million) and the unemployment rate
(4.8 percent) were essentially unchanged in February. Over the month, the
unemployment rates for adult men (4.3 percent), adult women (4.2 percent),
teenagers (16.6 percent), whites (4.3 percent), and Hispanics (6.2 percent)
showed little or no change. The jobless rate for blacks fell to 8.3 percent,
in line with the average rate for 2007. The unemployment rate for Asians was
3.0 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Both the civilian labor force, at 153.4 million, and the labor force par-
ticipation rate, at 65.9 percent, declined in February. Total employment
(146.0 million) and the employment-population ratio (62.7 percent) were little
changed over the month. (See table A-1.)
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
_______________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data | Jan.-
Category |_________________|__________________________| Feb.
| | | | | | change
| III | IV | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. |
| 2007 | 2007 | 2007 | 2008 | 2008 |
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Civilian labor force ....| 153,191| 153,667| 153,866| 153,824| 153,374| -450
Employment ............| 146,019| 146,291| 146,211| 146,248| 145,993| -255
Unemployment ..........| 7,172| 7,375| 7,655| 7,576| 7,381| -195
Not in labor force ......| 79,019| 79,270| 79,290| 78,792| 79,436| 644
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Unemployment rates
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
All workers .............| 4.7| 4.8| 5.0| 4.9| 4.8| -0.1
Adult men .............| 4.2| 4.3| 4.4| 4.4| 4.3| -.1
Adult women ...........| 4.1| 4.2| 4.4| 4.2| 4.2| .0
Teenagers .............| 15.8| 16.4| 17.1| 18.0| 16.6| -1.4
White .................| 4.2| 4.3| 4.4| 4.4| 4.3| -.1
Black or African | | | | | |
American ............| 8.0| 8.6| 9.0| 9.2| 8.3| -.9
Hispanic or Latino | | | | | |
ethnicity ...........| 5.7| 5.9| 6.3| 6.3| 6.2| -.1
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Nonfarm employment.......| 137,758| 138,031| 138,078|p138,056|p137,993| p-63
Goods-producing (1)....| 22,185| 22,042| 21,976| p21,922| p21,833| p-89
Construction ........| 7,609| 7,521| 7,465| p7,440| p7,401| p-39
Manufacturing .......| 13,850| 13,788| 13,772| p13,741| p13,689| p-52
Service-providing (1)..| 115,573| 115,989| 116,102|p116,134|p116,160| p26
Retail trade (2)...| 15,493| 15,490| 15,488| p15,488| p15,454| p-34
Professional and | | | | | |
business services .| 17,979| 18,093| 18,131| p18,122| p18,102| p-20
Education and health | | | | | |
services ..........| 18,411| 18,527| 18,568| p18,617| p18,647| p30
Leisure and | | | | | |
hospitality .......| 13,507| 13,622| 13,635| p13,646| p13,667| p21
Government ..........| 22,203| 22,291| 22,333| p22,337| p22,375| p38
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Hours of work (3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 33.8| 33.8| 33.8| p33.7| p33.7| p0.0
Manufacturing .........| 41.4| 41.2| 41.1| p41.1| p41.1| p.0
Overtime ............| 4.2| 4.1| 4.0| p4.0| p4.0| p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 107.5| 107.7| 107.8| p107.4| p107.3| p-0.1
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Earnings (3)
|_____________________________________________________
Average hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| $17.52| $17.64| $17.70| p$17.75| p$17.80| p$0.05
Average weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| 592.07| 596.34| 598.26| p598.18| p599.86| p1.68
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using
unrounded data.
3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.
p = preliminary.
- 2 -
The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons, at 4.9 mil-
lion in February, was little changed over the month but was up by 637,000 over
the past 12 months. This category includes persons who indicated that they
would like to work full time but were working part time because their hours had
been cut back or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached
to the labor force in February. These individuals wanted and were available for
work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks pre-
ceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 396,000 discouraged
workers in February, about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers were
not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were
available for them. The other 1.2 million persons marginally attached to the
labor force in February had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See
table A-13.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment edged down (-63,000) in February, with pri-
vate-sector employment declining by 101,000. Nonfarm payroll employment was
little changed in December (41,000) and January (-22,000). Over the month, job
losses occurred in manufacturing, construction, and retail trade. Health care
and food services continued to add jobs. (See table B-1.)
Manufacturing employment continued to decline in February (-52,000), bringing
losses over the past 12 months to 299,000. Most of the February decline was con-
centrated in durable goods manufacturing, as motor vehicles and parts (-13,000),
furniture and related products (-6,000), and wood products (-5,000) lost jobs.
Within nondurable goods, employment fell in printing and related support activi-
ties (-5,000).
Employment in construction decreased by 39,000 in February, and has fallen
by 331,000 since its most recent peak in September 2006. During this period,
residential specialty trades lost 209,000 jobs, while residential building lost
137,000 jobs.
In February, employment in retail trade declined by 34,000. Job losses occur-
red in department stores (-11,000), building material and garden supply stores
(-7,000), and automobile dealers (-6,000). Wholesale trade employment edged down
in February, with the durable goods component declining by 9,000.
Professional and business services employment was little changed for the second
month in a row; job gains had averaged 26,000 per month in 2007. In February, tem-
porary help services lost 28,000 jobs; employment in the industry has declined by
117,000 since the most recent peak in December 2006.
In financial activities, credit intermediation employment continued to decline
and has fallen by 116,000 since a peak in October 2006. In February, real estate
employment also continued to trend down; since June 2006, the industry has lost
34,000 jobs.
- 3 -
Health care employment continued to grow in February (36,000). Within health
care, over-the-month job gains occurred in hospitals (17,000) and in ambulatory
health care services (15,000), which includes offices of physicians. Over the
past 12 months, health care has added 360,000 jobs.
Food services employment continued to trend upward in February. From November
through February, food services added an average of 12,000 jobs per month, compared
with an average gain of 28,000 jobs for the 12-month period ending in October.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
In February, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls held at 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manu-
facturing workweek, at 41.1 hours, and factory overtime, at 4.0 hours, were un-
changed over the month. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers
on nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1 percent in February to 107.3 (2002=100). The
manufacturing index fell by 0.5 percent to 93.1. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
In February, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $17.80, season-
ally adjusted. This followed gains of 6 cents in December and 5 cents in January.
Average weekly earnings rose by 0.3 percent in February to $599.86. Over the past
12 months, both average hourly earnings and weekly earnings rose by 3.7 percent.
(See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for March 2008 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, April 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
- 4 -
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The estab-
lishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea-
surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is
statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for
a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.
However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establish-
ment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the
establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of
employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the
legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include
at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how
many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions
about whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these
questions show that foreign-born workers accounted for about 15 percent of the
labor force in 2006 and about 47 percent of the net increase in the labor force
from 2000 to 2006.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the
time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey
revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the
survey. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark
revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts
available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps
to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.
gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes
the self-employed?
While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household
survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These
estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.
- 5 -
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment esti-
mate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to
achieve that goal.
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs
impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net
impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into
the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its
appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of
households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and
available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary
layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no
requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the
monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force
who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of
labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially
counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news
release.
- 6 -
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the informa-
tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the
A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 house-
holds conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the
B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The sample
includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap-
proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes
about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn
from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establish-
ment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th,
which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, pro-
fession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility
for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force.
The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor
force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent
of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population.
- 7 -
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri-
vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the
basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of
the North American Industry Classification System.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and method-
ological differences between the household and establishment surveys result
in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the sur-
veys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because in-
dividuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The ef-
fect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctua-
tions may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes
in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by ad-
justing the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make non-
seasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is
likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May,
making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen
or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted
to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made
correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to ana-
lyze changes in economic activity.
- 8 -
Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the
household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super-
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in-
dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is
derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components;
this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di-
rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more
detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated
each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the
current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to
adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however,
new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent
monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made
once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the en-
tire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 stand-
ard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error.
BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, oc-
curred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19
percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of esti-
mates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for
quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also im-
prove the stability of the monthly estimates.
- 9 -
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for
all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent
2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth,
an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business
births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for
business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative
estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi-
ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation.
The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de-
rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and
reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five
years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent,
ranging from less than 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 230,834 232,616 232,809 230,834 232,715 232,939 233,156 232,616 232,809
Civilian labor force....................... 151,879 152,828 152,503 152,725 153,306 153,828 153,866 153,824 153,374
Participation rate................... 65.8 65.7 65.5 66.2 65.9 66.0 66.0 66.1 65.9
Employed................................. 144,479 144,607 144,550 145,888 146,016 146,647 146,211 146,248 145,993
Employment-population ratio.......... 62.6 62.2 62.1 63.2 62.7 63.0 62.7 62.9 62.7
Unemployed............................... 7,400 8,221 7,953 6,837 7,291 7,181 7,655 7,576 7,381
Unemployment rate.................... 4.9 5.4 5.2 4.5 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.8
Not in labor force......................... 78,955 79,788 80,306 78,110 79,409 79,111 79,290 78,792 79,436
Persons who currently want a job......... 4,635 4,977 4,689 4,740 4,266 4,655 4,697 4,857 4,772
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 111,627 112,493 112,596 111,627 112,619 112,737 112,852 112,493 112,596
Civilian labor force....................... 81,344 81,656 81,515 81,999 82,210 82,515 82,448 82,355 82,132
Participation rate................... 72.9 72.6 72.4 73.5 73.0 73.2 73.1 73.2 72.9
Employed................................. 76,923 76,860 76,853 78,184 78,177 78,604 78,260 78,157 78,113
Employment-population ratio.......... 68.9 68.3 68.3 70.0 69.4 69.7 69.3 69.5 69.4
Unemployed............................... 4,421 4,796 4,661 3,815 4,032 3,910 4,188 4,197 4,019
Unemployment rate.................... 5.4 5.9 5.7 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.1 5.1 4.9
Not in labor force......................... 30,283 30,837 31,081 29,628 30,409 30,223 30,404 30,139 30,464
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 103,046 103,866 103,961 103,046 103,973 104,087 104,197 103,866 103,961
Civilian labor force....................... 77,986 78,463 78,378 78,358 78,664 79,075 79,004 78,864 78,748
Participation rate................... 75.7 75.5 75.4 76.0 75.7 76.0 75.8 75.9 75.7
Employed................................. 74,184 74,387 74,365 75,148 75,274 75,834 75,499 75,427 75,362
Employment-population ratio.......... 72.0 71.6 71.5 72.9 72.4 72.9 72.5 72.6 72.5
Unemployed............................... 3,802 4,075 4,013 3,210 3,389 3,240 3,505 3,437 3,386
Unemployment rate.................... 4.9 5.2 5.1 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3
Not in labor force......................... 25,060 25,403 25,583 24,688 25,309 25,012 25,193 25,002 25,213
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 119,207 120,123 120,213 119,207 120,096 120,202 120,304 120,123 120,213
Civilian labor force....................... 70,535 71,172 70,988 70,725 71,096 71,313 71,418 71,469 71,241
Participation rate................... 59.2 59.2 59.1 59.3 59.2 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.3
Employed................................. 67,556 67,747 67,696 67,704 67,838 68,043 67,951 68,091 67,880
Employment-population ratio.......... 56.7 56.4 56.3 56.8 56.5 56.6 56.5 56.7 56.5
Unemployed............................... 2,979 3,425 3,292 3,021 3,258 3,271 3,467 3,378 3,361
Unemployment rate.................... 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.7
Not in labor force......................... 48,672 48,951 49,225 48,482 49,000 48,889 48,886 48,654 48,972
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 110,880 111,739 111,822 110,880 111,703 111,805 111,903 111,739 111,822
Civilian labor force....................... 67,270 67,913 67,793 67,247 67,623 67,776 67,866 67,982 67,816
Participation rate................... 60.7 60.8 60.6 60.6 60.5 60.6 60.6 60.8 60.6
Employed................................. 64,703 64,943 64,943 64,686 64,827 64,980 64,912 65,098 64,950
Employment-population ratio.......... 58.4 58.1 58.1 58.3 58.0 58.1 58.0 58.3 58.1
Unemployed............................... 2,567 2,970 2,851 2,561 2,796 2,796 2,954 2,885 2,865
Unemployment rate.................... 3.8 4.4 4.2 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.2
Not in labor force......................... 43,610 43,826 44,028 43,633 44,080 44,029 44,037 43,756 44,006
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 16,908 17,012 17,027 16,908 17,040 17,048 17,056 17,012 17,027
Civilian labor force....................... 6,623 6,452 6,331 7,120 7,020 6,977 6,996 6,978 6,810
Participation rate................... 39.2 37.9 37.2 42.1 41.2 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.0
Employed................................. 5,592 5,277 5,242 6,055 5,914 5,832 5,801 5,724 5,681
Employment-population ratio.......... 33.1 31.0 30.8 35.8 34.7 34.2 34.0 33.6 33.4
Unemployed............................... 1,031 1,175 1,089 1,066 1,105 1,145 1,196 1,254 1,130
Unemployment rate.................... 15.6 18.2 17.2 15.0 15.7 16.4 17.1 18.0 16.6
Not in labor force......................... 10,286 10,560 10,695 9,788 10,020 10,071 10,059 10,034 10,216
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 187,582 188,787 188,906 187,582 188,813 188,956 189,093 188,787 188,906
Civilian labor force....................... 124,092 124,577 124,361 124,636 125,151 125,430 125,460 125,340 124,940
Participation rate..................... 66.2 66.0 65.8 66.4 66.3 66.4 66.3 66.4 66.1
Employed................................. 118,573 118,505 118,395 119,651 119,883 120,194 119,889 119,858 119,534
Employment-population ratio............ 63.2 62.8 62.7 63.8 63.5 63.6 63.4 63.5 63.3
Unemployed............................... 5,519 6,072 5,966 4,986 5,268 5,235 5,571 5,482 5,406
Unemployment rate...................... 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3
Not in labor force......................... 63,490 64,210 64,545 62,945 63,662 63,526 63,633 63,447 63,966
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 64,844 65,098 65,023 65,089 65,255 65,521 65,506 65,470 65,270
Participation rate..................... 76.2 76.0 75.9 76.5 76.1 76.4 76.3 76.4 76.1
Employed................................. 61,934 62,020 61,947 62,692 62,762 63,111 62,929 62,924 62,745
Employment-population ratio............ 72.8 72.4 72.3 73.7 73.2 73.6 73.3 73.5 73.2
Unemployed............................... 2,910 3,078 3,075 2,397 2,493 2,409 2,577 2,546 2,524
Unemployment rate...................... 4.5 4.7 4.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 53,779 54,211 54,149 53,658 54,102 54,206 54,286 54,192 54,078
Participation rate..................... 60.1 60.2 60.1 59.9 60.1 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.0
Employed................................. 51,939 52,081 52,055 51,841 52,136 52,220 52,107 52,143 52,004
Employment-population ratio............ 58.0 57.8 57.8 57.9 57.9 58.0 57.8 57.9 57.7
Unemployed............................... 1,840 2,130 2,094 1,817 1,966 1,986 2,179 2,049 2,075
Unemployment rate...................... 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 5,469 5,268 5,189 5,890 5,795 5,703 5,668 5,678 5,592
Participation rate..................... 42.1 40.4 39.7 45.3 44.3 43.6 43.3 43.5 42.8
Employed................................. 4,700 4,403 4,393 5,118 4,985 4,863 4,853 4,791 4,785
Employment-population ratio............ 36.1 33.7 33.6 39.4 38.1 37.2 37.1 36.7 36.6
Unemployed............................... 769 864 796 772 810 840 815 887 807
Unemployment rate...................... 14.1 16.4 15.3 13.1 14.0 14.7 14.4 15.6 14.4
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 27,310 27,640 27,675 27,310 27,627 27,666 27,704 27,640 27,675
Civilian labor force....................... 17,300 17,501 17,412 17,535 17,430 17,453 17,538 17,713 17,632
Participation rate..................... 63.3 63.3 62.9 64.2 63.1 63.1 63.3 64.1 63.7
Employed................................. 15,888 15,856 15,947 16,141 15,946 15,980 15,961 16,090 16,169
Employment-population ratio............ 58.2 57.4 57.6 59.1 57.7 57.8 57.6 58.2 58.4
Unemployed............................... 1,412 1,645 1,465 1,394 1,483 1,473 1,577 1,623 1,463
Unemployment rate...................... 8.2 9.4 8.4 8.0 8.5 8.4 9.0 9.2 8.3
Not in labor force......................... 10,010 10,139 10,263 9,775 10,197 10,212 10,165 9,927 10,043
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 7,752 7,850 7,854 7,851 7,833 7,889 7,883 7,916 7,947
Participation rate..................... 70.6 70.7 70.6 71.5 70.4 70.8 70.7 71.3 71.5
Employed................................. 7,110 7,129 7,178 7,262 7,194 7,268 7,218 7,259 7,320
Employment-population ratio............ 64.8 64.2 64.6 66.1 64.7 65.3 64.7 65.4 65.8
Unemployed............................... 643 721 676 589 640 621 665 656 627
Unemployment rate...................... 8.3 9.2 8.6 7.5 8.2 7.9 8.4 8.3 7.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,780 8,882 8,805 8,844 8,823 8,777 8,803 8,921 8,866
Participation rate..................... 64.0 64.0 63.4 64.5 63.7 63.3 63.4 64.3 63.8
Employed................................. 8,220 8,220 8,238 8,279 8,195 8,159 8,187 8,266 8,289
Employment-population ratio............ 60.0 59.2 59.3 60.4 59.2 58.8 59.0 59.6 59.6
Unemployed............................... 560 662 566 565 628 618 617 654 577
Unemployment rate...................... 6.4 7.4 6.4 6.4 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.3 6.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 768 769 753 840 773 787 851 876 819
Participation rate..................... 29.3 29.0 28.3 32.1 29.1 29.6 32.0 33.0 30.8
Employed................................. 558 507 531 599 558 553 556 564 560
Employment-population ratio............ 21.3 19.1 19.9 22.9 21.0 20.8 20.9 21.2 21.0
Unemployed............................... 209 262 222 241 215 234 295 313 259
Unemployment rate...................... 27.2 34.0 29.5 28.7 27.9 29.7 34.7 35.7 31.7
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 10,566 10,660 10,712 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Civilian labor force....................... 6,951 7,167 7,159 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 65.8 67.2 66.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 6,760 6,935 6,942 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 64.0 65.1 64.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 190 231 217 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 2.7 3.2 3.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Not in labor force......................... 3,616 3,493 3,553 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 30,965 31,643 31,732 30,965 31,714 31,809 31,903 31,643 31,732
Civilian labor force....................... 21,167 21,561 21,628 21,301 21,778 21,872 21,888 21,698 21,755
Participation rate..................... 68.4 68.1 68.2 68.8 68.7 68.8 68.6 68.6 68.6
Employed................................. 19,946 20,011 20,146 20,183 20,554 20,623 20,517 20,320 20,401
Employment-population ratio............ 64.4 63.2 63.5 65.2 64.8 64.8 64.3 64.2 64.3
Unemployed............................... 1,221 1,550 1,482 1,118 1,224 1,249 1,371 1,378 1,354
Unemployment rate...................... 5.8 7.2 6.9 5.2 5.6 5.7 6.3 6.3 6.2
Not in labor force......................... 9,798 10,083 10,105 9,664 9,936 9,938 10,016 9,946 9,977
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 12,183 12,376 12,428 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 84.3 84.0 84.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 11,526 11,606 11,625 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 79.8 78.7 78.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 657 770 804 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 5.4 6.2 6.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 7,967 8,107 8,093 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 58.5 58.2 58.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 7,582 7,531 7,620 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 55.7 54.1 54.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 385 575 472 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 4.8 7.1 5.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 1,016 1,078 1,107 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 35.1 36.1 37.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 837 874 901 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 28.9 29.3 30.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 179 205 205 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 17.6 19.0 18.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force......................... 12,868 12,340 11,898 13,102 12,133 12,228 12,291 12,305 12,127
Participation rate....................... 46.8 46.2 45.5 47.7 47.3 46.8 46.5 46.0 46.4
Employed................................... 11,778 11,228 10,878 12,163 11,238 11,296 11,358 11,362 11,236
Employment-population ratio.............. 42.9 42.0 41.6 44.3 43.8 43.3 42.9 42.5 43.0
Unemployed................................. 1,090 1,112 1,020 939 895 932 933 943 891
Unemployment rate........................ 8.5 9.0 8.6 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.3
High school graduates, no college (1)
Civilian labor force......................... 38,717 38,390 38,002 38,568 38,625 38,710 38,841 38,364 38,078
Participation rate....................... 62.8 62.9 62.5 62.5 62.8 62.6 62.9 62.9 62.6
Employed................................... 36,813 36,324 35,954 36,914 36,838 36,980 37,034 36,587 36,303
Employment-population ratio.............. 59.7 59.5 59.1 59.9 59.9 59.8 60.0 59.9 59.7
Unemployed................................. 1,904 2,066 2,048 1,654 1,787 1,730 1,807 1,778 1,775
Unemployment rate........................ 4.9 5.4 5.4 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.7
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force......................... 34,924 36,108 36,237 34,690 36,218 36,353 36,279 36,492 36,437
Participation rate....................... 71.7 71.7 71.6 71.2 71.2 71.9 72.0 72.5 72.0
Employed................................... 33,579 34,679 34,766 33,444 34,939 35,156 34,924 35,187 35,086
Employment-population ratio.............. 68.9 68.9 68.7 68.6 68.7 69.6 69.3 69.9 69.4
Unemployed................................. 1,345 1,428 1,471 1,247 1,279 1,197 1,355 1,305 1,351
Unemployment rate........................ 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.7
Bachelor's degree and higher (2)
Civilian labor force......................... 43,724 44,633 45,339 43,757 44,200 44,263 44,448 44,604 45,226
Participation rate....................... 78.6 78.1 78.3 78.6 77.2 77.7 77.9 78.0 78.1
Employed................................... 42,894 43,651 44,405 42,918 43,261 43,296 43,476 43,651 44,283
Employment-population ratio.............. 77.1 76.4 76.7 77.1 75.6 76.0 76.2 76.4 76.5
Unemployed................................. 831 982 934 839 939 968 972 953 944
Unemployment rate........................ 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1
1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. See box note in the BLS news release
USDL 07-0486, "The Employment Situation: March 2007," issued on April 6, 2007, for a discussion of technical issues regarding
educational attainment data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries........... 2,074 2,032 1,999 2,327 2,089 2,148 2,248 2,213 2,213
Wage and salary workers.................... 1,237 1,128 1,173 1,419 1,195 1,237 1,368 1,259 1,324
Self-employed workers...................... 823 886 808 889 878 895 874 936 873
Unpaid family workers...................... 15 18 18 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Nonagricultural industries................... 142,405 142,575 142,551 143,535 143,933 144,503 143,933 144,052 143,820
Wage and salary workers.................... 132,821 133,509 133,159 133,804 134,533 135,109 134,605 134,755 134,259
Government............................... 20,869 20,905 21,209 20,904 20,907 20,943 20,780 20,907 21,252
Private industries....................... 111,951 112,604 111,950 112,887 113,641 114,179 113,872 113,846 112,972
Private households..................... 856 787 763 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Other industries....................... 111,095 111,817 111,187 112,037 112,850 113,377 113,035 113,042 112,212
Self-employed workers...................... 9,468 8,990 9,292 9,639 9,274 9,276 9,242 9,161 9,410
Unpaid family workers...................... 117 76 100 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,417 5,340 5,114 4,247 4,401 4,513 4,665 4,769 4,884
Slack work or business conditions........ 2,913 3,857 3,534 2,737 2,788 3,008 3,174 3,247 3,291
Could only find part-time work........... 1,240 1,088 1,260 1,209 1,215 1,223 1,236 1,163 1,222
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,549 19,804 19,847 19,927 19,337 19,539 19,526 19,613 19,348
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,282 5,235 5,007 4,130 4,302 4,453 4,577 4,677 4,790
Slack work or business conditions........ 2,831 3,789 3,459 2,666 2,745 2,981 3,120 3,174 3,231
Could only find part-time work........... 1,223 1,084 1,255 1,194 1,207 1,205 1,219 1,149 1,216
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,236 19,490 19,524 19,552 19,157 19,224 19,225 19,296 19,019
1 Data not available.
2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as
vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked
only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 144,479 144,607 144,550 145,888 146,016 146,647 146,211 146,248 145,993
16 to 19 years............................. 5,592 5,277 5,242 6,055 5,914 5,832 5,801 5,724 5,681
16 to 17 years........................... 2,066 1,908 1,884 2,287 2,324 2,192 2,183 2,121 2,109
18 to 19 years........................... 3,526 3,369 3,358 3,755 3,600 3,625 3,626 3,603 3,579
20 years and over.......................... 138,887 139,330 139,308 139,833 140,101 140,814 140,410 140,524 140,312
20 to 24 years........................... 13,823 13,448 13,304 14,132 13,821 13,965 13,702 13,794 13,632
25 years and over........................ 125,064 125,882 126,003 125,636 126,293 126,779 126,675 126,640 126,644
25 to 54 years......................... 99,849 99,592 99,503 100,324 100,332 100,605 100,496 100,174 100,057
25 to 34 years....................... 31,135 31,221 31,307 31,420 31,612 31,638 31,633 31,530 31,599
35 to 44 years....................... 34,473 33,748 33,741 34,585 34,116 34,173 34,086 33,931 33,863
45 to 54 years....................... 34,241 34,623 34,456 34,319 34,605 34,794 34,777 34,713 34,595
55 years and over...................... 25,215 26,291 26,500 25,312 25,960 26,174 26,179 26,466 26,587
Men, 16 years and over....................... 76,923 76,860 76,853 78,184 78,177 78,604 78,260 78,157 78,113
16 to 19 years............................. 2,739 2,473 2,488 3,036 2,903 2,770 2,761 2,731 2,751
16 to 17 years........................... 973 819 827 1,128 1,118 959 986 950 966
18 to 19 years........................... 1,766 1,654 1,662 1,906 1,788 1,791 1,766 1,780 1,782
20 years and over.......................... 74,184 74,387 74,365 75,148 75,274 75,834 75,499 75,427 75,362
20 to 24 years........................... 7,219 7,049 6,996 7,433 7,306 7,466 7,244 7,312 7,219
25 years and over........................ 66,965 67,338 67,369 67,707 67,985 68,328 68,264 68,060 68,129
25 to 54 years......................... 53,730 53,459 53,417 54,302 54,258 54,422 54,383 54,041 54,016
25 to 34 years....................... 17,071 17,086 17,042 17,363 17,442 17,466 17,451 17,348 17,346
35 to 44 years....................... 18,668 18,162 18,255 18,821 18,536 18,559 18,507 18,335 18,400
45 to 54 years....................... 17,991 18,211 18,120 18,117 18,280 18,397 18,425 18,357 18,270
55 years and over...................... 13,236 13,879 13,952 13,405 13,727 13,906 13,882 14,020 14,113
Women, 16 years and over..................... 67,556 67,747 67,696 67,704 67,838 68,043 67,951 68,091 67,880
16 to 19 years............................. 2,853 2,804 2,754 3,018 3,011 3,063 3,040 2,993 2,929
16 to 17 years........................... 1,093 1,089 1,058 1,158 1,206 1,233 1,197 1,171 1,143
18 to 19 years........................... 1,761 1,714 1,696 1,850 1,813 1,834 1,860 1,823 1,797
20 years and over.......................... 64,703 64,943 64,943 64,686 64,827 64,980 64,912 65,098 64,950
20 to 24 years........................... 6,604 6,398 6,308 6,700 6,515 6,500 6,458 6,482 6,414
25 years and over........................ 58,099 58,544 58,634 57,929 58,307 58,451 58,411 58,580 58,515
25 to 54 years......................... 46,119 46,132 46,086 46,023 46,074 46,183 46,113 46,133 46,041
25 to 34 years....................... 14,063 14,135 14,265 14,057 14,169 14,172 14,182 14,182 14,254
35 to 44 years....................... 15,805 15,586 15,486 15,763 15,581 15,615 15,579 15,596 15,463
45 to 54 years....................... 16,250 16,412 16,336 16,202 16,324 16,396 16,352 16,355 16,325
55 years and over...................... 11,980 12,412 12,548 11,907 12,233 12,268 12,297 12,447 12,474
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 46,085 45,831 45,949 46,273 46,189 46,339 46,213 46,063 46,136
Married women, spouse present................ 35,863 35,662 35,727 35,788 35,449 35,689 35,565 35,536 35,648
Women who maintain families.................. 9,338 9,032 9,051 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (2)........................ 119,041 119,332 119,452 120,830 121,561 122,020 121,428 121,202 121,275
Part-time workers (3)........................ 25,439 25,275 25,098 24,994 24,472 24,631 24,740 25,043 24,697
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders.................... 7,753 7,398 7,610 7,733 7,579 7,640 7,416 7,557 7,582
Percent of total employed................ 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.2
1 Data not available.
2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1)
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 6,837 7,576 7,381 4.5 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.8
16 to 19 years............................. 1,066 1,254 1,130 15.0 15.7 16.4 17.1 18.0 16.6
16 to 17 years........................... 450 543 471 16.4 17.5 19.0 19.6 20.4 18.3
18 to 19 years........................... 605 682 656 13.9 14.3 14.4 15.4 15.9 15.5
20 years and over.......................... 5,771 6,322 6,251 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.3
20 to 24 years........................... 1,131 1,321 1,325 7.4 8.6 8.0 9.4 8.7 8.9
25 years and over........................ 4,659 4,995 4,948 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8
25 to 54 years......................... 3,864 4,105 4,058 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.9
25 to 34 years....................... 1,567 1,640 1,584 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.8
35 to 44 years....................... 1,165 1,252 1,260 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.6
45 to 54 years....................... 1,132 1,213 1,214 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4
55 years and over...................... 800 872 888 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2
Men, 16 years and over....................... 3,815 4,197 4,019 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.1 5.1 4.9
16 to 19 years............................. 605 760 633 16.6 18.1 19.5 19.8 21.8 18.7
16 to 17 years........................... 266 299 250 19.1 19.0 21.4 22.1 24.0 20.5
18 to 19 years........................... 339 431 392 15.1 16.8 17.8 18.4 19.5 18.0
20 years and over.......................... 3,210 3,437 3,386 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3
20 to 24 years........................... 666 756 791 8.2 9.3 8.6 9.8 9.4 9.9
25 years and over........................ 2,576 2,701 2,632 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7
25 to 54 years......................... 2,140 2,236 2,163 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8
25 to 34 years....................... 892 926 878 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.8
35 to 44 years....................... 642 675 639 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.4
45 to 54 years....................... 606 634 646 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4
55 years and over...................... 436 465 469 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2
Women, 16 years and over..................... 3,021 3,378 3,361 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.7
16 to 19 years............................. 461 494 496 13.2 13.3 13.4 14.4 14.2 14.5
16 to 17 years........................... 183 244 222 13.6 16.1 17.1 17.3 17.2 16.2
18 to 19 years........................... 266 250 264 12.6 11.6 10.7 12.3 12.1 12.8
20 years and over.......................... 2,561 2,885 2,865 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.2
20 to 24 years........................... 465 565 535 6.5 7.7 7.4 8.8 8.0 7.7
25 years and over........................ 2,083 2,293 2,317 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8
25 to 54 years......................... 1,724 1,869 1,895 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0
25 to 34 years....................... 675 714 706 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7
35 to 44 years....................... 523 577 621 3.2 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.9
45 to 54 years....................... 526 579 568 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.4
55 years and over (2).................. 372 432 432 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.3
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 1,258 1,276 1,271 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7
Married women, spouse present................ 994 1,124 1,132 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1
Women who maintain families (2).............. 652 681 655 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (3)........................ 5,559 6,100 6,092 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.8
Part-time workers (4)........................ 1,276 1,423 1,288 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.6 5.4 5.0
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Not seasonally adjusted.
3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on
layoff from full-time jobs.
4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on
layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs.............................. 3,942 4,608 4,471 3,449 3,731 3,609 3,857 3,796 3,854
On temporary layoff........................ 1,421 1,614 1,351 1,016 1,064 979 975 1,040 971
Not on temporary layoff.................... 2,521 2,994 3,120 2,433 2,668 2,630 2,882 2,756 2,883
Permanent job losers..................... 1,739 2,110 2,204 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs..... 782 884 916 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers.................................. 845 838 802 810 790 783 798 830 769
Reentrants................................... 2,119 2,195 2,139 2,029 2,103 2,160 2,343 2,201 2,112
New entrants................................. 494 580 542 580 709 669 697 667 648
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 53.3 56.1 56.2 50.2 50.9 50.0 50.1 50.7 52.2
On temporary layoff....................... 19.2 19.6 17.0 14.8 14.5 13.6 12.7 13.9 13.2
Not on temporary layoff................... 34.1 36.4 39.2 35.4 36.4 36.4 37.5 36.8 39.0
Job leavers................................. 11.4 10.2 10.1 11.8 10.8 10.8 10.4 11.1 10.4
Reentrants.................................. 28.6 26.7 26.9 29.5 28.7 29.9 30.4 29.4 28.6
New entrants................................ 6.7 7.1 6.8 8.4 9.7 9.3 9.1 8.9 8.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5
Job leavers................................. .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
Reentrants.................................. 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4
New entrants................................ .3 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4 .4
1 Data not available.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks...................................... 2,465 2,957 2,530 2,567 2,508 2,633 2,793 2,634 2,639
5 to 14 weeks.......................................... 2,587 2,681 2,854 2,181 2,454 2,157 2,330 2,396 2,396
15 weeks and over...................................... 2,347 2,583 2,570 2,151 2,367 2,398 2,520 2,503 2,377
15 to 26 weeks...................................... 1,068 1,172 1,212 935 1,052 1,014 1,182 1,124 1,079
27 weeks and over................................... 1,279 1,411 1,358 1,216 1,315 1,384 1,338 1,380 1,299
Average (mean) duration, in weeks...................... 16.7 16.6 16.8 16.6 17.0 17.2 16.6 17.5 16.8
Median duration, in weeks.............................. 8.8 8.5 8.9 8.2 8.7 8.7 8.4 8.8 8.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.................................... 33.3 36.0 31.8 37.2 34.2 36.6 36.5 35.0 35.6
5 to 14 weeks........................................ 35.0 32.6 35.9 31.6 33.5 30.0 30.5 31.8 32.3
15 weeks and over.................................... 31.7 31.4 32.3 31.2 32.3 33.4 33.0 33.2 32.1
15 to 26 weeks..................................... 14.4 14.3 15.2 13.5 14.4 14.1 15.5 14.9 14.6
27 weeks and over.................................. 17.3 17.2 17.1 17.6 17.9 19.3 17.5 18.3 17.5
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed rates
Occupation
Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb.
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 144,479 144,550 7,400 7,953 4.9 5.2
Management, professional, and related occupations...... 51,864 52,498 981 1,159 1.9 2.2
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations......................................... 21,586 21,732 472 503 2.1 2.3
Professional and related occupations................. 30,278 30,766 509 656 1.7 2.1
Service occupations.................................... 23,239 23,493 1,526 1,694 6.2 6.7
Sales and office occupations........................... 36,177 35,849 1,691 1,790 4.5 4.8
Sales and related occupations........................ 16,768 16,439 830 896 4.7 5.2
Office and administrative support occupations........ 19,408 19,410 861 894 4.2 4.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................... 15,542 14,653 1,466 1,473 8.6 9.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 930 931 139 128 13.0 12.1
Construction and extraction occupations.............. 9,486 8,674 1,103 1,150 10.4 11.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,126 5,049 223 196 4.2 3.7
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................... 17,658 18,057 1,228 1,280 6.5 6.6
Production occupations............................... 9,027 9,209 604 595 6.3 6.1
Transportation and material moving occupations....... 8,631 8,848 624 685 6.7 7.2
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb.
2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1).................... 7,400 7,953 4.9 5.2
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........ 6,074 6,564 5.1 5.5
Mining............................................... 33 16 4.5 2.2
Construction......................................... 1,086 1,118 10.5 11.4
Manufacturing........................................ 774 820 4.7 5.0
Durable goods...................................... 491 481 4.6 4.6
Nondurable goods................................... 283 339 4.8 5.7
Wholesale and retail trade........................... 1,045 1,007 5.1 4.9
Transportation and utilities......................... 251 289 4.2 4.6
Information.......................................... 139 193 4.0 5.8
Financial activities................................. 295 323 3.1 3.4
Professional and business services................... 825 866 6.0 6.2
Education and health services........................ 489 562 2.5 2.9
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 879 1,056 7.4 8.5
Other services....................................... 257 313 4.3 5.1
Agriculture and related private wage and salary
workers............................................... 127 135 9.6 10.9
Government workers..................................... 405 372 1.9 1.7
Self employed and unpaid family workers................ 300 340 2.8 3.2
1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure
Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent
of the civilian labor force....................... 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.... 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian
labor force (official unemployment rate).......... 4.9 5.4 5.2 4.5 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.8
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers............................... 5.1 5.7 5.5 4.7 5.0 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.1
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus
all other marginally attached workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers....................... 5.8 6.4 6.2 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.8
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached
workers, plus total employed part time for
economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all marginally attached
workers........................................... 8.7 9.9 9.5 8.1 8.4 8.4 8.8 9.0 8.9
NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those
who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS intro-
duces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Updated population con-
trols are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb.
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force........................... 78,955 80,306 30,283 31,081 48,672 49,225
Persons who currently want a job...................... 4,635 4,689 2,202 2,073 2,433 2,616
Searched for work and available to work now (1)..... 1,451 1,585 792 775 659 810
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 375 396 223 248 152 148
Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 1,076 1,189 569 527 508 662
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,753 7,610 3,885 3,682 3,868 3,928
Percent of total employed.......................... 5.4 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.7 5.8
Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 4,139 4,157 2,307 2,256 1,832 1,901
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,867 1,792 588 529 1,278 1,263
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 261 255 177 166 84 89
Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,434 1,371 784 713 650 658
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
These persons are referred to as "marginally attached to the labor force."
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination. These persons are referred to as "discouraged workers."
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health,
and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. from:
2007 2007 2008p 2008p 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008p 2008p Jan. 2008-
Feb. 2008p
Total nonfarm......... 135,641 138,934 135,926 136,451 137,133 137,977 138,037 138,078 138,056 137,993 -63
Total private........... 113,196 116,232 113,724 113,748 115,006 115,715 115,759 115,745 115,719 115,618 -101
Goods-producing............. 21,753 21,875 21,378 21,252 22,322 22,101 22,049 21,976 21,922 21,833 -89
Natural resources and mining.... 694 735 724 726 711 727 735 739 741 743 2
Logging...................... 60.2 61.2 59.4 58.7 62.2 59.1 59.9 60.6 60.6 60.3 -.3
Mining......................... 633.5 674.0 664.9 666.8 649.0 667.8 675.0 677.9 680.5 682.4 1.9
Oil and gas extraction........ 140.6 152.6 153.3 152.1 141.9 148.9 152.3 153.1 154.2 153.5 -.7
Mining, except oil and
gas (1)...................... 210.2 221.4 216.2 215.0 220.3 226.9 226.0 225.2 226.6 225.8 -.8
Coal mining................... 76.5 78.5 78.4 78.5 77.1 78.1 78.7 78.3 78.6 79.0 .4
Support activities for mining. 282.7 300.0 295.4 299.7 286.8 292.0 296.7 299.6 299.7 303.1 3.4
Construction.................... 7,173 7,353 7,016 6,939 7,623 7,577 7,520 7,465 7,440 7,401 -39
Construction of buildings..... 1,720.4 1,691.9 1,630.7 1,596.2 1,790.3 1,736.6 1,716.4 1,702.4 1,688.0 1,669.9 -18.1
Residential building......... 938.7 899.5 858.4 835.7 976.6 929.2 913.3 902.0 889.8 875.4 -14.4
Nonresidential building...... 781.7 792.4 772.3 760.5 813.7 807.4 803.1 800.4 798.2 794.5 -3.7
Heavy and civil engineering
construction................. 887.4 960.6 884.5 878.2 990.8 999.5 999.0 993.8 988.5 983.7 -4.8
Specialty trade contractors... 4,565.1 4,700.4 4,500.9 4,464.6 4,841.5 4,841.3 4,804.8 4,768.4 4,763.2 4,746.9 -16.3
Residential specialty trade
contractors................. 2,172.2 2,163.0 2,058.2 2,032.0 2,309.4 2,263.2 2,226.7 2,201.1 2,183.6 2,172.4 -11.2
Nonresidential specialty
trade contractors........... 2,392.9 2,537.4 2,442.7 2,432.6 2,532.1 2,578.1 2,578.1 2,567.3 2,579.6 2,574.5 -5.1
Manufacturing................... 13,886 13,787 13,638 13,587 13,988 13,797 13,794 13,772 13,741 13,689 -52
Production workers........... 9,940 9,952 9,839 9,780 10,025 9,934 9,944 9,933 9,924 9,865 -59
Durable goods.................. 8,834 8,755 8,668 8,630 8,883 8,761 8,763 8,739 8,720 8,680 -40
Production workers........... 6,245 6,240 6,171 6,122 6,286 6,232 6,242 6,220 6,215 6,165 -50
Wood products................. 517.1 505.3 495.5 486.8 528.4 511.8 509.0 507.2 504.1 498.9 -5.2
Nonmetallic mineral products.. 488.8 490.9 479.5 475.4 506.8 500.9 499.5 496.4 495.7 493.8 -1.9
Primary metals................ 460.2 451.8 451.8 450.9 459.6 451.5 452.6 452.2 451.8 449.9 -1.9
Fabricated metal products..... 1,556.2 1,565.6 1,553.6 1,548.5 1,563.4 1,568.0 1,565.6 1,562.7 1,559.8 1,555.7 -4.1
Machinery..................... 1,186.3 1,191.2 1,191.3 1,191.4 1,187.4 1,189.0 1,189.9 1,191.0 1,193.3 1,192.4 -.9
Computer and electronic
products (1)................. 1,288.8 1,260.3 1,254.5 1,251.0 1,291.5 1,256.5 1,260.5 1,257.6 1,255.3 1,251.4 -3.9
Computer and peripheral
equipment................... 188.7 186.0 184.4 185.4 189.3 185.1 185.5 185.4 184.3 185.6 1.3
Communications equipment..... 130.4 129.7 129.4 129.0 130.2 128.1 129.5 129.0 129.5 128.8 -.7
Semiconductors and electronic
components.................. 452.4 435.1 433.1 428.8 454.4 435.8 437.0 434.9 433.4 429.4 -4.0
Electronic instruments....... 447.1 444.2 443.2 443.6 447.0 441.9 443.0 443.7 443.7 443.0 -.7
Electrical equipment and
appliances................... 427.0 424.3 421.0 420.6 427.3 427.2 426.6 423.8 421.9 421.2 -.7
Transportation equipment (1).. 1,730.7 1,698.0 1,671.1 1,663.1 1,732.4 1,689.3 1,693.5 1,684.7 1,681.3 1,668.0 -13.3
Motor vehicles and parts (2). 1,020.9 974.1 947.3 942.2 1,022.2 974.1 972.7 962.6 959.6 946.7 -12.9
Furniture and related products 536.2 524.1 516.4 510.5 541.6 528.3 527.0 523.8 520.3 514.8 -5.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing... 643.1 643.5 633.2 631.9 644.6 638.2 638.8 639.9 636.6 633.5 -3.1
Nondurable goods............... 5,052 5,032 4,970 4,957 5,105 5,036 5,031 5,033 5,021 5,009 -12
Production workers........... 3,695 3,712 3,668 3,658 3,739 3,702 3,702 3,713 3,709 3,700 -9
Food manufacturing............ 1,449.4 1,488.8 1,461.6 1,454.7 1,479.0 1,478.6 1,477.9 1,486.3 1,483.4 1,483.2 -.2
Beverages and tobacco products 191.7 189.2 186.6 186.0 196.1 195.2 194.3 192.0 190.9 190.7 -.2
Textile mills................. 176.0 162.4 160.7 159.8 177.9 164.9 164.9 163.0 162.2 161.2 -1.0
Textile product mills......... 160.5 155.8 153.1 152.1 160.9 155.9 157.2 155.7 153.8 152.8 -1.0
Apparel....................... 218.2 203.6 196.2 200.4 220.3 206.8 206.4 204.8 202.0 202.2 .2
Leather and allied products... 34.4 33.9 34.3 33.3 34.6 33.7 34.1 33.7 34.5 33.4 -1.1
Paper and paper products...... 462.4 460.2 460.1 458.8 463.5 459.2 458.6 460.3 460.0 459.6 -.4
Printing and related support
activities................... 625.9 622.8 615.7 610.6 629.7 622.2 622.0 619.5 619.9 614.6 -5.3
Petroleum and coal products... 110.8 109.2 108.2 108.9 114.2 112.6 112.1 111.7 112.3 112.3 .0
Chemicals..................... 862.4 862.7 857.9 856.7 864.5 860.7 860.5 862.0 860.6 859.1 -1.5
Plastics and rubber products.. 760.0 743.3 735.7 736.1 764.0 745.9 743.0 744.2 740.9 739.6 -1.3
Service-providing........... 113,888 117,059 114,548 115,199 114,811 115,876 115,988 116,102 116,134 116,160 26
Private service-providing.. 91,443 94,357 92,346 92,496 92,684 93,614 93,710 93,769 93,797 93,785 -12
Trade, transportation, and
utilities...................... 26,132 27,328 26,472 26,204 26,516 26,644 26,693 26,658 26,646 26,607 -39
Wholesale trade................ 5,930.8 6,085.1 6,019.9 6,010.7 5,980.6 6,069.8 6,075.0 6,072.9 6,068.3 6,061.4 -6.9
Durable goods................. 3,089.5 3,150.6 3,123.1 3,112.0 3,107.4 3,147.4 3,152.4 3,145.0 3,139.3 3,130.4 -8.9
Nondurable goods.............. 2,027.2 2,094.3 2,062.7 2,060.1 2,052.9 2,086.5 2,086.6 2,089.3 2,089.4 2,087.0 -2.4
Electronic markets and agents
and brokers.................. 814.1 840.2 834.1 838.6 820.3 835.9 836.0 838.6 839.6 844.0 4.4
Retail trade...................15,176.5 16,085.9 15,395.7 15,155.7 15,460.0 15,469.1 15,513.1 15,487.8 15,487.6 15,453.5 -34.1
Motor vehicle and parts
dealers (1).................. 1,890.0 1,898.9 1,885.0 1,884.9 1,913.4 1,911.9 1,911.0 1,909.3 1,912.0 1,908.3 -3.7
Automobile dealers........... 1,234.0 1,240.8 1,233.9 1,229.9 1,243.3 1,247.4 1,244.9 1,244.6 1,245.3 1,239.6 -5.7
Furniture and home furnishings
stores....................... 577.1 612.0 586.6 573.2 582.7 577.3 584.9 584.5 581.8 579.2 -2.6
Electronics and appliance
stores....................... 545.5 564.8 542.5 538.6 546.4 537.1 542.6 540.4 539.3 539.1 -.2
Building material and garden
supply stores................ 1,267.6 1,237.3 1,206.0 1,205.8 1,325.7 1,285.4 1,279.9 1,271.6 1,268.2 1,261.4 -6.8
Food and beverage stores...... 2,802.7 2,907.7 2,868.4 2,856.4 2,831.6 2,859.6 2,871.9 2,871.9 2,881.6 2,884.8 3.2
Health and personal care
stores....................... 977.8 1,016.2 1,001.5 995.9 981.7 991.0 998.6 999.9 1,000.8 999.6 -1.2
Gasoline stations............. 850.0 848.1 841.0 839.0 861.5 862.0 859.1 850.5 851.9 851.3 -.6
Clothing and clothing
accessories stores........... 1,426.7 1,674.4 1,499.5 1,432.7 1,479.5 1,500.9 1,524.5 1,508.6 1,498.0 1,495.0 -3.0
Sporting goods, hobby, book,
and music stores............. 641.2 721.4 688.7 653.8 651.0 664.0 664.0 661.6 669.3 664.4 -4.9
General merchandise
stores (1).................... 2,911.4 3,223.4 2,975.5 2,883.3 2,982.2 2,975.8 2,968.2 2,976.7 2,972.0 2,959.9 -12.1
Department stores.............. 1,536.6 1,756.0 1,579.8 1,504.1 1,583.2 1,568.5 1,560.6 1,568.4 1,563.5 1,552.4 -11.1
Miscellaneous store retailers. 857.3 895.7 857.1 854.3 869.2 869.0 868.3 866.3 870.6 866.3 -4.3
Nonstore retailers............ 429.2 486.0 443.9 437.8 435.1 435.1 440.1 446.5 442.1 444.2 2.1
Transportation and warehousing. 4,478.8 4,600.9 4,501.9 4,485.1 4,526.3 4,548.7 4,549.0 4,539.9 4,534.0 4,536.0 2.0
Air transportation............ 480.1 500.8 501.5 502.7 485.2 495.2 503.0 502.1 504.9 507.3 2.4
Rail transportation........... 233.3 232.4 231.6 232.4 235.3 234.0 233.8 232.5 233.9 234.1 .2
Water transportation.......... 61.4 63.4 61.7 61.1 64.2 64.9 65.0 64.4 64.0 64.2 .2
Truck transportation.......... 1,417.2 1,424.6 1,397.0 1,386.1 1,450.5 1,433.6 1,428.7 1,423.1 1,422.3 1,419.5 -2.8
Transit and ground passenger
transportation............... 421.8 427.9 423.8 426.4 407.5 417.4 411.5 411.8 412.2 412.5 .3
Pipeline transportation....... 39.9 40.9 40.7 41.0 39.9 40.3 40.6 40.8 40.6 41.0 .4
Scenic and sightseeing
transportation............... 21.9 27.0 24.2 24.5 29.3 30.3 30.9 31.3 31.6 32.3 .7
Support activities for
transportation............... 577.1 589.2 580.6 584.7 578.6 589.9 589.2 587.1 584.8 586.9 2.1
Couriers and messengers....... 575.5 625.1 587.6 576.8 582.0 577.9 584.4 588.1 584.3 583.6 -.7
Warehousing and storage....... 650.6 669.6 653.2 649.4 653.8 665.2 661.9 658.7 655.4 654.6 -.8
Utilities...................... 545.9 556.3 554.1 552.7 548.7 556.1 555.5 557.1 556.3 556.0 -.3
Information..................... 3,025 3,032 2,991 3,005 3,036 3,027 3,022 3,018 3,014 3,015 1
Publishing industries, except
Internet..................... 903.4 893.8 883.4 883.2 904.1 894.6 892.2 889.7 886.9 884.1 -2.8
Motion picture and sound
recording industries......... 370.5 381.7 361.5 371.6 379.4 380.5 376.3 376.3 373.9 379.8 5.9
Broadcasting, except Internet. 327.9 324.3 322.0 322.6 328.5 324.8 325.0 321.9 323.3 323.2 -.1
Telecommunications............ 1,039.1 1,029.6 1,024.4 1,022.7 1,037.5 1,023.6 1,026.4 1,026.8 1,025.3 1,020.5 -4.8
Data processing, hosting and
related services............. 264.0 273.7 270.4 274.3 265.2 273.2 272.6 273.5 273.9 275.6 1.7
Other information services.... 120.2 128.8 129.5 130.6 121.0 130.0 129.5 129.3 130.5 131.5 1.0
Financial activities............ 8,303 8,249 8,185 8,184 8,347 8,283 8,260 8,252 8,244 8,232 -12
Finance and insurance.......... 6,170.6 6,113.4 6,085.7 6,096.2 6,174.5 6,124.5 6,115.5 6,111.2 6,105.6 6,100.8 -4.8
Monetary authorities - central
bank......................... 21.2 20.6 20.4 20.7 21.4 20.8 20.7 20.7 20.6 20.7 .1
Credit intermediation and
related activities (1)....... 2,928.3 2,827.8 2,816.8 2,821.0 2,928.1 2,844.8 2,834.3 2,829.2 2,825.0 2,820.1 -4.9
Depository credit
intermediation (1).......... 1,819.5 1,824.7 1,818.4 1,821.2 1,820.4 1,829.3 1,823.4 1,824.6 1,821.3 1,823.2 1.9
Commercial banking.......... 1,345.4 1,345.2 1,340.7 1,344.0 1,347.0 1,350.1 1,344.7 1,345.9 1,342.3 1,346.2 3.9
Securities, commodity
contracts, investments....... 837.8 855.7 855.6 860.3 838.7 855.0 856.9 856.7 859.0 861.4 2.4
Insurance carriers and related
activities................... 2,295.3 2,320.9 2,306.0 2,306.9 2,298.5 2,315.3 2,315.6 2,316.8 2,313.6 2,311.3 -2.3
Funds, trusts, and other
financial vehicles........... 88.0 88.4 86.9 87.3 87.8 88.6 88.0 87.8 87.4 87.3 -.1
Real estate and rental and
leasing....................... 2,131.9 2,135.6 2,099.6 2,087.8 2,172.1 2,158.6 2,144.7 2,140.6 2,138.3 2,131.2 -7.1
Real estate................... 1,471.7 1,476.3 1,445.4 1,440.3 1,497.0 1,489.1 1,477.1 1,476.4 1,472.6 1,468.9 -3.7
Rental and leasing services... 632.0 628.5 623.4 616.3 646.2 639.7 637.4 633.6 634.4 630.7 -3.7
Lessors of nonfinancial
intangible assets............ 28.2 30.8 30.8 31.2 28.9 29.8 30.2 30.6 31.3 31.6 .3
Professional and business
services....................... 17,549 18,163 17,733 17,770 17,873 18,070 18,079 18,131 18,122 18,102 -20
Professional and technical
services (1).................. 7,629.5 7,845.9 7,858.8 7,913.8 7,554.5 7,759.3 7,784.8 7,820.5 7,831.6 7,838.6 7.0
Legal services............... 1,168.7 1,176.0 1,161.7 1,163.0 1,177.5 1,179.7 1,175.2 1,173.9 1,172.7 1,172.9 .2
Accounting and bookkeeping
services.................... 1,067.6 1,003.3 1,094.4 1,133.4 928.1 971.3 979.4 993.3 993.2 993.1 -.1
Architectural and engineering
services.................... 1,396.5 1,456.1 1,441.3 1,442.6 1,420.5 1,451.1 1,453.9 1,460.4 1,463.3 1,466.8 3.5
Computer systems design and
related services............ 1,326.0 1,397.4 1,387.9 1,390.2 1,329.5 1,380.0 1,387.5 1,391.4 1,393.6 1,393.4 -.2
Management and technical
consulting services......... 915.2 1,004.3 982.2 986.1 922.9 974.8 985.1 994.3 993.1 994.6 1.5
Management of companies and
enterprises................... 1,825.6 1,860.8 1,832.2 1,825.5 1,835.3 1,860.9 1,850.0 1,847.8 1,845.1 1,842.8 -2.3
Administrative and waste
services...................... 8,093.5 8,456.3 8,041.6 8,030.5 8,483.0 8,449.6 8,444.1 8,462.8 8,444.9 8,420.7 -24.2
Administrative and support
services (1)................. 7,746.9 8,094.1 7,681.6 7,673.3 8,129.4 8,092.2 8,081.4 8,099.3 8,078.9 8,056.5 -22.4
Employment services (1)...... 3,453.3 3,634.1 3,364.7 3,337.5 3,664.3 3,567.7 3,563.9 3,566.9 3,562.9 3,540.3 -22.6
Temporary help services..... 2,482.3 2,640.3 2,410.9 2,380.6 2,643.6 2,592.0 2,583.7 2,578.5 2,567.5 2,539.9 -27.6
Business support services.... 812.3 817.7 792.9 797.9 810.5 798.5 798.9 803.7 797.0 796.6 -.4
Services to buildings and
dwellings................... 1,673.2 1,788.9 1,688.4 1,699.1 1,837.2 1,866.3 1,861.1 1,872.0 1,865.8 1,868.5 2.7
Waste management and
remediation services......... 346.6 362.2 360.0 357.2 353.6 357.4 362.7 363.5 366.0 364.2 -1.8
Education and health services... 18,218 18,741 18,501 18,754 18,111 18,490 18,522 18,568 18,617 18,647 30
Educational services........... 3,056.0 3,124.9 2,929.8 3,147.5 2,909.9 2,974.9 2,975.5 2,984.5 3,004.8 2,998.0 -6.8
Health care and social
assistance....................15,161.6 15,616.5 15,571.5 15,606.4 15,201.0 15,515.1 15,546.7 15,583.2 15,611.8 15,648.8 37.0
Health care (3)...............12,767.0 13,133.9 13,099.6 13,127.5 12,812.1 13,060.1 13,081.1 13,109.6 13,136.3 13,172.3 36.0
Ambulatory health care
services (1)................ 5,384.4 5,583.3 5,562.0 5,577.6 5,403.4 5,547.3 5,554.8 5,566.0 5,581.8 5,596.6 14.8
Offices of physicians....... 2,172.3 2,246.2 2,238.3 2,248.7 2,179.0 2,226.1 2,232.2 2,235.6 2,244.7 2,253.9 9.2
Outpatient care centers..... 505.5 513.9 510.3 512.0 506.3 511.4 511.0 513.0 511.6 512.8 1.2
Home health care services... 891.0 933.2 930.4 928.9 896.1 930.3 929.1 930.9 933.6 934.6 1.0
Hospitals.................... 4,462.3 4,574.5 4,570.8 4,583.1 4,474.4 4,549.7 4,558.8 4,572.4 4,578.5 4,595.0 16.5
Nursing and residential care
facilities (1).............. 2,920.3 2,976.1 2,966.8 2,966.8 2,934.3 2,963.1 2,967.5 2,971.2 2,976.0 2,980.7 4.7
Nursing care facilities..... 1,589.2 1,611.3 1,604.6 1,604.5 1,599.2 1,603.1 1,605.9 1,608.2 1,609.7 1,613.4 3.7
Social assistance(1).......... 2,394.6 2,482.6 2,471.9 2,478.9 2,388.9 2,455.0 2,465.6 2,473.6 2,475.5 2,476.5 1.0
Child day care services...... 846.2 867.7 860.8 862.6 837.2 853.3 856.7 857.1 857.3 855.2 -2.1
Leisure and hospitality......... 12,790 13,358 13,028 13,109 13,331 13,604 13,628 13,635 13,646 13,667 21
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation.................... 1,760.6 1,860.7 1,789.5 1,814.1 1,968.8 1,996.4 2,001.4 2,010.3 2,017.5 2,022.8 5.3
Performing arts and spectator
sports....................... 375.6 416.7 387.1 401.1 405.0 419.0 426.4 429.9 430.2 431.5 1.3
Museums, historical sites,
zoos, and parks.............. 116.5 125.3 120.7 119.0 127.8 131.9 131.6 131.5 131.8 131.4 -.4
Amusements, gambling, and
recreation................... 1,268.5 1,318.7 1,281.7 1,294.0 1,436.0 1,445.5 1,443.4 1,448.9 1,455.5 1,459.9 4.4
Accommodation and food
services .....................11,029.7 11,496.9 11,238.1 11,295.2 11,362.6 11,607.5 11,626.8 11,624.7 11,628.1 11,643.7 15.6
Accommodation................. 1,775.0 1,803.0 1,770.4 1,771.0 1,853.5 1,863.6 1,870.3 1,858.1 1,856.0 1,851.7 -4.3
Food services and drinking
places....................... 9,254.7 9,693.9 9,467.7 9,524.2 9,509.1 9,743.9 9,756.5 9,766.6 9,772.1 9,792.0 19.9
Other services.................. 5,426 5,486 5,436 5,470 5,470 5,496 5,506 5,507 5,508 5,515 7
Repair and maintenance........ 1,240.9 1,246.5 1,236.8 1,244.4 1,249.1 1,260.1 1,258.0 1,255.5 1,253.8 1,255.0 1.2
Personal and laundry services. 1,286.0 1,304.3 1,286.2 1,290.2 1,301.9 1,303.4 1,309.7 1,306.9 1,305.7 1,305.9 .2
Membership associations and
organizations................ 2,899.2 2,935.2 2,912.5 2,934.9 2,918.6 2,932.8 2,938.0 2,944.4 2,948.5 2,953.7 5.2
Government...................... 22,445 22,702 22,202 22,703 22,127 22,262 22,278 22,333 22,337 22,375 38
Federal........................ 2,709 2,740 2,694 2,706 2,729 2,722 2,728 2,735 2,718 2,726 8
Federal, except U.S. Postal
Service...................... 1,947.6 1,960.8 1,958.2 1,971.3 1,963.5 1,963.5 1,966.7 1,972.3 1,976.8 1,984.9 8.1
U.S. Postal Service........... 761.1 779.1 735.5 734.5 765.6 758.3 761.7 763.1 741.3 741.5 .2
State government............... 5,233 5,250 5,055 5,297 5,114 5,138 5,131 5,153 5,164 5,174 10
State government education.... 2,444.0 2,447.5 2,247.5 2,479.0 2,312.6 2,325.9 2,314.3 2,332.5 2,339.1 2,344.5 5.4
State government, excluding
education.................... 2,788.7 2,802.6 2,807.6 2,818.1 2,801.3 2,812.4 2,816.5 2,820.9 2,824.8 2,829.2 4.4
Local government............... 14,503 14,712 14,453 14,700 14,284 14,402 14,419 14,445 14,455 14,475 20
Local government education.... 8,278.0 8,360.4 8,128.5 8,358.7 7,953.7 7,994.6 7,999.6 8,016.5 8,016.9 8,027.9 11.0
Local government, excluding
education.................... 6,225.1 6,351.9 6,324.3 6,341.4 6,330.2 6,406.9 6,419.2 6,428.2 6,437.8 6,446.9 9.1
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p = preliminary.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification system (NAICS) as the basis for
the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector
and selected industry detail
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. from:
2007 2007 2008p 2008p 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008p 2008p Jan. 2008-
Feb. 2008p
Total private......................... 33.4 34.1 33.3 33.4 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 0.0
Goods-producing........................... 39.6 40.7 40.0 39.7 40.2 40.6 40.7 40.5 40.4 40.4 .0
Natural resources and mining.................. 45.4 45.8 44.9 45.0 45.9 46.0 46.2 45.8 45.6 45.6 .0
Construction.................................. 37.4 38.6 37.8 37.4 38.4 39.0 39.1 39.0 38.7 38.6 -.1
Manufacturing................................. 40.5 41.6 40.9 40.7 40.9 41.2 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.1 .0
Overtime hours............................. 3.9 4.3 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 .0
Durable goods................................ 40.7 41.8 41.1 41.0 41.1 41.5 41.5 41.3 41.4 41.4 .0
Overtime hours............................. 3.9 4.4 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 .0
Wood products............................... 38.1 39.4 38.2 37.7 39.2 39.5 39.0 39.2 39.1 38.9 -.2
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 40.5 41.1 41.0 40.9 41.7 42.6 42.9 41.5 42.1 42.1 .0
Primary metals.............................. 42.9 42.8 42.4 42.4 43.0 42.6 42.7 42.2 42.3 42.5 .2
Fabricated metal products................... 40.7 42.1 41.5 41.3 41.1 41.7 41.7 41.6 41.6 41.7 .1
Machinery................................... 42.0 43.5 43.0 43.0 42.2 42.9 42.9 42.9 43.1 43.2 .1
Computer and electronic products............ 40.1 41.4 40.1 40.1 40.5 40.6 40.9 40.5 40.4 40.4 .0
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 40.5 42.7 41.6 41.1 41.0 40.7 41.2 41.6 41.6 41.6 .0
Transportation equipment.................... 42.3 42.9 42.6 42.8 42.5 42.7 42.6 42.1 42.7 43.0 .3
Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 41.3 42.3 41.9 42.5 41.6 42.2 42.1 41.6 42.2 42.7 .5
Furniture and related products.............. 38.5 39.9 37.8 37.3 38.9 39.1 38.9 39.1 38.2 37.8 -.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 37.8 39.3 38.7 38.2 37.9 39.0 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.5 -.3
Nondurable goods............................. 40.1 41.3 40.4 40.2 40.6 40.8 40.9 40.8 40.5 40.6 .1
Overtime hours............................. 3.9 4.2 3.7 3.6 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 .0
Food manufacturing.......................... 39.7 41.0 40.1 39.7 40.5 40.8 40.6 40.4 40.4 40.5 .1
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 39.7 40.3 40.2 40.4 40.6 40.6 40.5 40.8 40.9 41.1 .2
Textile mills............................... 40.5 41.1 38.8 38.8 40.7 40.2 39.9 40.2 38.8 39.1 .3
Textile product mills....................... 39.1 40.7 38.4 38.7 39.2 39.2 39.1 39.9 38.5 39.0 .5
Apparel..................................... 37.0 37.5 36.4 36.5 37.1 36.6 36.9 37.5 36.7 36.6 -.1
Leather and allied products................. 37.8 40.0 37.7 37.6 38.1 37.7 38.1 39.1 38.0 37.9 -.1
Paper and paper products.................... 41.7 44.6 44.1 43.5 42.4 43.3 43.7 44.0 44.1 44.1 .0
Printing and related support activities..... 39.5 39.3 38.1 38.1 39.4 38.8 39.0 38.8 38.2 38.1 -.1
Petroleum and coal products................. 44.1 43.1 43.6 44.3 45.0 42.9 43.8 44.0 44.1 44.9 .8
Chemicals................................... 41.8 41.8 41.5 41.2 41.8 41.7 42.1 41.5 41.4 41.3 -.1
Plastics and rubber products................ 40.1 42.0 41.2 41.0 40.4 41.7 42.1 41.4 41.2 41.4 .2
Private service-providing................ 32.1 32.7 31.9 32.1 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.3 .0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 32.9 33.7 32.8 32.9 33.3 33.2 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3 .0
Wholesale trade.............................. 37.8 38.8 37.9 37.9 38.1 38.1 38.1 38.3 38.3 38.2 -.1
Retail trade................................. 29.7 30.5 29.6 29.6 30.2 30.1 30.2 30.1 30.1 30.1 .0
Transportation and warehousing............... 36.6 37.6 36.0 36.4 37.1 36.7 36.8 36.8 36.6 36.9 .3
Utilities.................................... 42.1 42.7 42.6 42.5 42.4 42.2 42.5 42.8 42.9 42.7 -.2
Information................................... 36.4 36.7 35.9 36.1 36.5 36.2 36.2 36.3 36.2 36.3 .1
Financial activities.......................... 35.8 36.4 35.4 35.8 36.0 35.7 35.8 35.8 35.7 35.9 .2
Professional and business services............ 34.4 35.2 34.0 34.4 34.6 34.8 34.7 34.8 34.6 34.6 .0
Education and health services................. 32.3 32.8 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.5 32.5 .0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.1 25.3 24.5 24.9 25.5 25.4 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.3 .0
Other services................................ 30.7 31.0 30.5 30.6 30.8 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.7 -.1
1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification system (NAICS) as the basis
for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2007 2007 2008p 2008p 2007 2007 2008p 2008p
Total private........................... $17.20 $17.75 $17.80 $17.84 $574.48 $605.28 $592.74 $595.86
Seasonally adjusted.................... 17.17 17.70 17.75 17.80 578.63 598.26 598.18 599.86
Goods-producing............................. 18.29 18.96 18.90 18.94 724.28 771.67 756.00 751.92
Natural resources and mining.................... 20.82 21.68 21.89 21.76 945.23 992.94 982.86 979.20
Construction.................................... 20.47 21.38 21.23 21.34 765.58 825.27 802.49 798.12
Manufacturing................................... 17.05 17.51 17.55 17.57 690.53 728.42 717.80 715.10
Durable goods.................................. 17.96 18.46 18.44 18.51 730.97 771.63 757.88 758.91
Wood products................................. 13.54 13.88 13.92 13.99 515.87 546.87 531.74 527.42
Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 16.79 16.94 16.94 16.78 680.00 696.23 694.54 686.30
Primary metals................................ 19.37 19.73 20.03 19.95 830.97 844.44 849.27 845.88
Fabricated metal products..................... 16.32 16.82 16.77 16.81 664.22 708.12 695.96 694.25
Machinery..................................... 17.64 17.95 17.74 17.75 740.88 780.83 762.82 763.25
Computer and electronic products.............. 19.52 20.33 20.54 20.66 782.75 841.66 823.65 828.47
Electrical equipment and appliances........... 15.91 15.73 15.70 15.80 644.36 671.67 653.12 649.38
Transportation equipment...................... 22.56 23.46 23.34 23.50 954.29 1006.43 994.28 1005.80
Furniture and related products................ 14.06 14.50 14.39 14.29 541.31 578.55 543.94 533.02
Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 14.49 15.00 14.91 14.87 547.72 589.50 577.02 568.03
Nondurable goods............................... 15.47 15.90 16.02 15.96 620.35 656.67 647.21 641.59
Food manufacturing............................ 13.34 13.70 13.86 13.71 529.60 561.70 555.79 544.29
Beverages and tobacco products................ 17.88 19.69 19.78 19.78 709.84 793.51 795.16 799.11
Textile mills................................. 12.87 13.13 13.31 13.34 521.24 539.64 516.43 517.59
Textile product mills......................... 11.86 11.75 11.66 11.68 463.73 478.23 447.74 452.02
Apparel....................................... 10.93 11.28 11.44 11.46 404.41 423.00 416.42 418.29
Leather and allied products................... 11.82 12.12 12.79 12.86 446.80 484.80 482.18 483.54
Paper and paper products...................... 18.11 18.71 18.85 18.61 755.19 834.47 831.29 809.54
Printing and related support activities....... 15.87 16.65 16.54 16.49 626.87 654.35 630.17 628.27
Petroleum and coal products................... 24.82 25.52 26.59 26.64 1094.56 1099.91 1159.32 1180.15
Chemicals..................................... 19.56 19.57 19.49 19.48 817.61 818.03 808.84 802.58
Plastics and rubber products.................. 15.25 15.65 15.60 15.64 611.53 657.30 642.72 641.24
Private service-providing.................. 16.93 17.45 17.51 17.57 543.45 570.62 558.57 564.00
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.62 15.89 16.01 16.09 513.90 535.49 525.13 529.36
Wholesale trade................................ 19.26 20.10 19.99 20.05 728.03 779.88 757.62 759.90
Retail trade................................... 12.70 12.64 12.80 12.83 377.19 385.52 378.88 379.77
Transportation and warehousing................. 17.41 18.04 18.05 18.11 637.21 678.30 649.80 659.20
Utilities...................................... 27.46 28.61 28.48 28.41 1156.07 1221.65 1213.25 1207.43
Information..................................... 23.80 24.34 24.44 24.47 866.32 893.28 877.40 883.37
Financial activities............................ 19.42 19.97 19.96 20.04 695.24 726.91 706.58 717.43
Professional and business services.............. 19.95 20.67 20.66 20.76 686.28 727.58 702.44 714.14
Education and health services................... 17.76 18.51 18.58 18.51 573.65 607.13 601.99 599.72
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.25 10.77 10.73 10.81 257.28 272.48 262.89 269.17
Other services.................................. 15.10 15.75 15.75 15.81 463.57 488.25 480.38 483.79
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification system (NAICS) as the basis
for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. change from:
2007 2007 2007 2007 2008p 2008p Jan. 2008-
Feb. 2008p
Total private:
Current dollars........................ $17.17 $17.59 $17.64 $17.70 $17.75 $17.80 0.3
Constant (1982) dollars (2)............ 8.35 8.34 8.27 8.27 8.26 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............................. 18.39 18.77 18.84 18.90 18.97 19.03 .3
Natural resources and mining.................... 20.75 21.05 21.02 21.54 21.66 21.64 -.1
Construction.................................... 20.59 21.07 21.20 21.30 21.36 21.45 .4
Manufacturing................................... 17.06 17.34 17.40 17.41 17.51 17.56 .3
Excluding overtime (4)....................... 16.25 16.52 16.58 16.60 16.70 16.75 .3
Durable goods.................................. 17.98 18.28 18.31 18.33 18.42 18.50 .4
Nondurable goods............................... 15.49 15.73 15.85 15.86 15.94 15.96 .1
Private service-providing.................. 16.85 17.28 17.33 17.39 17.44 17.49 .3
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.60 15.94 15.93 16.00 16.02 16.07 .3
Wholesale trade................................ 19.24 19.77 19.86 19.93 19.97 20.03 .3
Retail trade................................... 12.68 12.86 12.81 12.81 12.82 12.83 .1
Transportation and warehousing................. 17.52 17.86 17.93 18.07 18.09 18.20 .6
Utilities...................................... 27.46 28.32 28.18 28.52 28.47 28.44 -.1
Information..................................... 23.78 24.10 24.11 24.18 24.34 24.43 .4
Financial activities............................ 19.40 19.78 19.87 19.91 19.99 20.03 .2
Professional and business services.............. 19.81 20.31 20.42 20.46 20.53 20.61 .4
Education and health services................... 17.78 18.34 18.43 18.48 18.53 18.55 .1
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.17 10.60 10.61 10.65 10.68 10.73 .5
Other services.................................. 15.13 15.59 15.66 15.71 15.78 15.84 .4
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this
series.
3 Change was -.1 percent from Dec. 2007 to Jan. 2008, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification system
(NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. change from:
2007 2007 2008p 2008p 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008p 2008p Jan. 2008-
Feb. 2008p
Total private......................... 103.4 109.2 104.1 104.4 106.2 107.7 107.7 107.8 107.4 107.3 -0.1
Goods-producing........................... 96.0 100.6 96.2 94.8 100.5 101.4 101.5 100.6 100.1 99.5 -.6
Natural resources and mining.................. 126.2 135.1 129.6 130.3 131.7 133.5 136.0 135.6 135.2 135.7 .4
Construction.................................. 101.3 109.4 101.5 99.2 111.6 114.5 113.9 112.7 111.2 110.1 -1.0
Manufacturing................................. 92.4 95.0 92.4 91.4 94.1 93.9 94.3 93.7 93.6 93.1 -.5
Durable goods................................ 95.5 98.0 95.3 94.3 97.1 97.2 97.3 96.5 96.7 95.9 -.8
Wood products............................... 86.4 86.9 82.3 79.8 91.3 88.2 86.6 86.9 86.0 84.8 -1.4
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 89.4 92.4 90.8 89.4 96.0 98.4 98.4 94.4 96.9 96.1 -.8
Primary metals.............................. 92.3 90.9 90.0 90.1 91.9 90.3 90.7 89.6 89.7 89.8 .1
Fabricated metal products................... 101.8 106.3 104.1 103.0 103.3 105.2 105.2 104.8 104.9 104.5 -.4
Machinery................................... 101.6 106.7 105.6 105.2 102.2 104.6 104.9 105.0 105.8 105.8 .0
Computer and electronic products............ 101.8 104.3 100.7 100.1 103.2 101.3 102.7 101.7 101.5 101.0 -.5
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 86.7 92.0 88.8 87.6 87.9 87.9 89.1 89.2 89.0 88.9 -.1
Transportation equipment.................... 97.1 98.0 95.2 94.9 97.6 96.9 97.2 95.2 96.1 95.6 -.5
Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 85.8 84.1 80.4 81.1 86.5 83.9 83.8 81.6 82.3 81.9 -.5
Furniture and related products.............. 85.4 86.2 80.2 77.2 87.2 85.4 84.8 84.2 81.7 79.1 -3.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 88.6 92.7 89.8 88.1 89.1 90.6 90.7 91.0 90.7 88.9 -2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 87.3 90.3 87.3 86.6 89.4 89.0 89.2 89.3 88.5 88.5 .0
Food manufacturing.......................... 96.1 102.7 98.6 97.0 100.2 100.9 100.4 101.0 100.9 101.0 .1
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 97.3 89.1 85.5 85.1 101.6 98.3 96.3 92.3 90.3 89.7 -.7
Textile mills............................... 58.8 54.8 51.4 51.2 59.5 54.6 53.8 53.8 51.8 52.0 .4
Textile product mills....................... 78.5 77.7 71.6 72.0 78.8 74.5 75.3 76.4 72.3 72.8 .7
Apparel..................................... 61.6 59.7 56.0 56.8 62.5 58.5 59.2 60.3 58.2 57.6 -1.0
Leather and allied products................. 68.1 74.0 70.7 67.5 69.2 69.5 70.5 71.5 71.3 68.6 -3.8
Paper and paper products.................... 83.4 89.0 88.0 87.0 85.1 86.3 86.9 87.9 88.2 88.3 .1
Printing and related support activities..... 93.0 92.4 88.8 87.8 93.5 91.0 91.6 90.6 89.6 88.5 -1.2
Petroleum and coal products................. 87.7 90.3 92.4 95.2 93.1 95.6 96.4 95.1 97.4 100.3 3.0
Chemicals................................... 92.7 96.2 95.4 94.9 93.1 93.8 95.9 95.6 95.4 95.3 -.1
Plastics and rubber products................ 88.4 91.2 88.7 88.4 89.6 91.0 91.2 90.1 89.4 89.7 .3
Private service-providing................. 105.4 111.4 106.2 107.0 108.0 109.5 109.5 109.7 109.4 109.3 -.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 101.1 109.4 102.8 101.8 104.0 104.6 105.1 105.1 105.0 104.8 -.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 105.8 112.8 108.9 108.7 107.7 110.5 110.4 111.1 111.1 110.7 -.4
Retail trade................................. 97.5 107.2 99.1 97.2 101.3 101.3 101.9 101.4 101.4 101.0 -.4
Transportation and warehousing............... 106.9 113.6 106.3 107.1 109.7 108.9 109.4 109.5 108.9 110.0 1.0
Utilities.................................... 94.5 97.1 96.9 96.3 95.6 96.2 96.7 97.5 97.9 97.3 -.6
Information................................... 99.2 101.3 98.0 98.9 99.8 99.4 99.4 99.7 99.6 99.8 .2
Financial activities.......................... 107.8 110.0 106.1 107.3 109.1 108.1 108.2 108.2 107.9 108.4 .5
Professional and business services............ 111.2 118.1 111.2 112.7 114.1 116.3 115.9 116.7 115.9 115.6 -.3
Education and health services................. 110.6 115.8 113.0 114.5 110.4 113.6 113.8 114.1 114.1 114.3 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 103.6 109.2 102.9 105.2 110.0 111.9 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.8 .2
Other services................................ 97.1 99.3 96.8 97.9 98.3 99.2 99.5 99.2 99.3 99.2 -.1
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours
by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average
weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification system (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Feb. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. change from:
2007 2007 2008p 2008p 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008p 2008p Jan. 2008-
Feb. 2008p
Total private......................... 118.8 129.6 123.9 124.5 121.9 126.6 127.0 127.5 127.4 127.6 0.2
Goods-producing........................... 107.6 116.8 111.4 109.9 113.2 116.6 117.1 116.5 116.3 116.0 -.3
Natural resources and mining.................. 152.8 170.3 164.9 164.9 159.0 163.4 166.3 169.8 170.3 170.8 .3
Construction.................................. 112.0 126.3 116.4 114.3 124.0 130.3 130.4 129.6 128.2 127.5 -.5
Manufacturing................................. 103.0 108.8 106.0 105.0 105.0 106.5 107.3 106.7 107.2 106.9 -.3
Durable goods................................ 107.1 112.9 109.7 109.0 109.0 110.9 111.2 110.4 111.2 110.7 -.4
Nondurable goods............................. 95.4 101.5 98.8 97.7 97.9 98.9 99.9 100.0 99.7 99.8 .1
Private service-providing................. 122.3 133.3 127.5 128.9 124.8 129.7 130.2 130.8 130.8 131.1 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 112.6 124.0 117.3 116.8 115.8 119.0 119.4 119.9 120.0 120.2 .2
Wholesale trade.............................. 120.0 133.6 128.2 128.3 122.0 128.6 129.2 130.4 130.7 130.6 -.1
Retail trade................................. 106.1 116.2 108.7 106.9 110.0 111.6 111.9 111.3 111.4 111.1 -.3
Transportation and warehousing............... 118.0 130.0 121.7 123.1 121.9 123.4 124.4 125.5 125.0 127.0 1.6
Utilities.................................... 108.3 115.9 115.1 114.2 109.6 113.7 113.7 116.1 116.3 115.5 -.7
Information................................... 116.9 122.1 118.6 119.8 117.5 118.6 118.7 119.4 120.0 120.7 .6
Financial activities.......................... 129.5 135.8 130.9 133.0 130.9 132.3 133.0 133.2 133.3 134.2 .7
Professional and business services............ 132.0 145.3 136.7 139.2 134.5 140.5 140.9 142.1 141.5 141.8 .2
Education and health services................. 129.1 141.0 138.0 139.3 129.0 137.0 137.8 138.6 139.0 139.3 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 120.6 133.6 125.3 129.2 127.0 134.7 134.4 135.0 135.4 136.2 .6
Other services................................ 106.8 114.0 111.1 112.8 108.4 112.7 113.5 113.6 114.1 114.5 .4
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate
payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of
average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification system (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2004 .............. 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8
2005 .............. 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7
2006 .............. 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0
2007 .............. 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5
2008 .............. p46.2 p45.6
Over 3-month span:
2004 .............. 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6
2005 .............. 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3
2006 .............. 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4
2007 .............. 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4
2008 .............. p48.0 p46.9
Over 6-month span:
2004 .............. 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0
2005 .............. 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0
2006 .............. 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0
2007 .............. 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8
2008 .............. p52.6 p50.4
Over 12-month span:
2004 .............. 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8
2005 .............. 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7
2006 .............. 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5
2007 .............. 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7
2008 .............. p55.5 p54.9
Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2004 .............. 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9
2005 .............. 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0
2006 .............. 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3
2007 .............. 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3
2008 .............. p39.9 p31.0
Over 3-month span:
2004 .............. 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7
2005 .............. 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4
2006 .............. 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5
2007 .............. 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7
2008 .............. p35.7 p29.8
Over 6-month span:
2004 .............. 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7
2005 .............. 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3
2006 .............. 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8
2007 .............. 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7
2008 .............. p33.3 p32.1
Over 12-month span:
2004 .............. 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6
2005 .............. 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1
2006 .............. 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0
2007 .............. 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9
2008 .............. p29.8 p29.2
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employ-
ment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification system (NAICS) as the basis for
the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
United States Department of Labor
