Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-25-0296
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 7, 2025

Technical information:
 Household data:        (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:    (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                     THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- FEBRUARY 2025


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 151,000 in February, and the unemployment rate changed
little at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment trended 
up in health care, financial activities, transportation and warehousing, and social assistance. 
Federal government employment declined.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures 
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment 
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about 
the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.1 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.1 million, 
changed little in February. The unemployment rate has remained in a narrow range of 4.0 percent 
to 4.2 percent since May 2024. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Whites (3.8 percent) increased in 
February. The jobless rates for adult men (3.8 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers 
(12.9 percent), Blacks (6.0 percent), Asians (3.2 percent), and Hispanics (5.2 percent) showed 
little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.5 million, 
changed little in February. The long-term unemployed accounted for 20.9 percent of all unemployed
people. (See table A-12.) 

The employment-population ratio decreased by 0.2 percentage point to 59.9 percent in February
but showed little change from a year earlier. The labor force participation rate, at 62.4 
percent, changed little over the month and over the year. (See table A-1.)  

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons increased by 460,000 to 4.9 million 
in February. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part 
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table 
A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job increased by 414,000 to
5.9 million in February. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were 
not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to
take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.7 million, changed little in February. These individuals wanted and 
were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not 
looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a 
subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, decreased 
by 128,000 to 464,000 in February. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 151,000 in February, similar to the average monthly 
gain of 168,000 over the prior 12 months. In February, employment trended up in health care, 
financial activities, transportation and warehousing, and social assistance. Federal government
employment declined. (See table B-1.)

Health care added 52,000 jobs in February, in line with the average monthly gain of 54,000 over
the prior 12 months. In February, job growth continued in ambulatory health care services 
(+26,000), hospitals (+15,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+12,000).

Employment in financial activities rose by 21,000 in February, above the prior 12-month average 
gain (+5,000). Over the month, employment continued to trend up in real estate and rental and 
leasing (+10,000) and insurance carriers and related activities (+5,000). Commercial banking 
lost 5,000 jobs.

Transportation and warehousing employment continued to trend up in February (+18,000), in 
line with the average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+13,000). Over the month, job 
growth occurred in couriers and messengers (+24,000) and air transportation (+4,000). 

Employment in social assistance continued to trend up in February (+11,000), below the 
average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+21,000). Over the month, employment continued 
to trend up in individual and family services (+10,000).

Within government, federal government employment declined by 10,000 in February.

Employment in retail trade changed little over the month (-6,000) and has shown little net 
change over the year. In February, employment in food and beverage retailers declined by 
15,000, largely due to strike activity. Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general 
merchandise retailers added 10,000 jobs.  

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; 
information; professional and business services; leisure and hospitality; and other services.

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 
cents, or 0.3 percent, to $35.93. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have 
increased by 4.0 percent. In February, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and 
nonsupervisory employees rose by 9 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $30.89. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

In February, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged 
at 34.1 hours. In manufacturing, the average workweek remained at 40.1 hours, and overtime edged
up by 0.1 hour to 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised up by 16,000, from 
+307,000 to +323,000, and the change for January was revised down by 18,000, from +143,000 to 
+125,000. With these revisions, employment in December and January combined is 2,000 lower than 
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses 
and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal 
factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 4, 2025, 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Change from: Jan. 2025- Feb. 2025
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,711	269,638	272,685	272,847	162
Civilian labor force	167,475	168,547	170,744	170,359	-385
Participation rate	62.6	62.5	62.6	62.4	-0.2
Employed	161,013	161,661	163,895	163,307	-588
Employment-population ratio	60.1	60.0	60.1	59.9	-0.2
Unemployed	6,462	6,886	6,849	7,052	203
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.1	0.1
Not in labor force	100,237	101,091	101,941	102,487	546
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.1	0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.8	0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.6	12.4	11.8	12.9	1.1
White	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.8	0.3
Black or African American	5.6	6.1	6.2	6.0	-0.2
Asian	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.2	-0.5
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.1	5.1	4.8	5.2	0.4
Total, 25 years and over	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.4	0.1
Less than a high school diploma	6.2	5.6	5.2	6.0	0.8
High school graduates, no college	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.2	-0.3
Some college or associate degree	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.5	0.0
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.5	0.2
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,214	3,251	3,235	3,316	81
Job leavers	712	947	912	918	6
Reentrants	1,964	2,031	2,124	2,208	84
New entrants	631	655	659	662	3
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,339	2,156	2,290	2,337	47
5 to 14 weeks	1,942	1,997	1,935	2,152	217
15 to 26 weeks	970	1,207	1,161	1,031	-130
27 weeks and over	1,213	1,551	1,443	1,455	12
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,370	4,358	4,477	4,937	460
Slack work or business conditions	2,854	2,867	2,893	3,292	399
Could only find part-time work	1,112	1,195	1,195	1,253	58
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,324	22,514	22,299	22,435	136
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,554	1,562	1,590	1,704	114
Discouraged workers	423	480	592	464	-128
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	222	323	125	151
Total private	151	287	81	140
Goods-producing	11	4	-7	34
Mining and logging	1	-1	-4	5
Construction	23	15	2	19
Manufacturing	-13	-10	-5	10
Durable goods(1)	-9	-15	-6	11
Motor vehicles and parts	-6.3	-3.4	-10.4	8.9
Nondurable goods	-4	5	1	-1
Private service-providing	140	283	88	106
Wholesale trade	-6.9	13.0	-4.2	8.8
Retail trade	9.4	34.4	29.5	-6.3
Transportation and warehousing	30.3	34.4	18.7	17.8
Utilities	3.6	-0.8	1.1	1.3
Information	-3	17	3	5
Financial activities	-10	12	14	21
Professional and business services(1)	-6	36	-39	-2
Temporary help services	-15.4	1.7	-10.3	-12.3
Private education and health services(1)	96	83	66	73
Health care and social assistance	88.9	75.5	63.9	63.1
Leisure and hospitality	15	47	-14	-16
Other services	11	7	13	4
Government	71	36	44	11
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	203	209	236	200
Total private	146	177	204	169
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.8	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.3
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.5	81.5	81.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.3	34.2	34.1	34.1
Average hourly earnings	$34.54	$35.68	$35.83	$35.93
Average weekly earnings	$1,184.72	$1,220.26	$1,221.80	$1,225.21
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.4	116.2	116.0	116.1
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	-0.1	-0.2	0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	190.6	198.3	198.6	199.4
Over-the-month percent change	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.4
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	53.8	60.8	52.4	58.4
Manufacturing (72 industries)	48.6	47.2	45.8	54.9
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
   employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
   estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
   Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
   the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
   please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 631,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-86,000 to +186,000 (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Feb. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,711	272,685	272,847	267,711	269,289	269,463	269,638	272,685	272,847
Civilian labor force	167,285	169,814	170,116	167,475	168,428	168,304	168,547	170,744	170,359
Participation rate	62.5	62.3	62.3	62.6	62.5	62.5	62.5	62.6	62.4
Employed	160,315	162,347	162,544	161,013	161,456	161,183	161,661	163,895	163,307
Employment-population ratio	59.9	59.5	59.6	60.1	60.0	59.8	60.0	60.1	59.9
Unemployed	6,970	7,467	7,572	6,462	6,972	7,121	6,886	6,849	7,052
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.4	4.5	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1
Not in labor force	100,426	102,871	102,731	100,237	100,861	101,159	101,091	101,941	102,487
People who currently want a job	5,546	5,658	5,809	5,675	5,652	5,483	5,505	5,479	5,893
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,520	133,010	133,089	130,520	131,287	131,371	131,455	133,010	133,089
Civilian labor force	88,299	89,844	89,792	88,446	89,378	89,151	89,295	90,393	89,987
Participation rate	67.7	67.5	67.5	67.8	68.1	67.9	67.9	68.0	67.6
Employed	84,391	85,611	85,519	85,048	85,592	85,318	85,620	86,733	86,226
Employment-population ratio	64.7	64.4	64.3	65.2	65.2	64.9	65.1	65.2	64.8
Unemployed	3,908	4,233	4,273	3,398	3,785	3,833	3,675	3,660	3,761
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.7	4.8	3.8	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.2
Not in labor force	42,221	43,166	43,297	42,074	41,909	42,220	42,160	42,617	43,102
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,611	123,918	123,996	121,611	122,316	122,398	122,480	123,918	123,996
Civilian labor force	85,313	86,808	86,634	85,223	86,191	85,982	85,945	87,067	86,594
Participation rate	70.2	70.1	69.9	70.1	70.5	70.2	70.2	70.3	69.8
Employed	81,802	82,954	82,838	82,224	82,851	82,633	82,739	83,803	83,311
Employment-population ratio	67.3	66.9	66.8	67.6	67.7	67.5	67.6	67.6	67.2
Unemployed	3,511	3,854	3,796	2,999	3,339	3,348	3,206	3,264	3,283
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.4	4.4	3.5	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.8
Not in labor force	36,299	37,110	37,362	36,388	36,125	36,417	36,535	36,851	37,402
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	137,191	139,674	139,758	137,191	138,002	138,092	138,183	139,674	139,758
Civilian labor force	78,986	79,969	80,323	79,028	79,050	79,153	79,252	80,351	80,372
Participation rate	57.6	57.3	57.5	57.6	57.3	57.3	57.4	57.5	57.5
Employed	75,924	76,736	77,025	75,965	75,864	75,865	76,041	77,162	77,081
Employment-population ratio	55.3	54.9	55.1	55.4	55.0	54.9	55.0	55.2	55.2
Unemployed	3,062	3,234	3,298	3,063	3,187	3,288	3,211	3,189	3,291
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.0	4.1	3.9	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1
Not in labor force	58,205	59,705	59,435	58,163	58,952	58,939	58,931	59,324	59,385
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,581	130,908	130,991	128,581	129,340	129,428	129,518	130,908	130,991
Civilian labor force	75,995	77,020	77,276	75,826	75,916	75,920	75,994	77,203	77,115
Participation rate	59.1	58.8	59.0	59.0	58.7	58.7	58.7	59.0	58.9
Employed	73,299	74,136	74,320	73,171	73,152	72,988	73,135	74,380	74,205
Employment-population ratio	57.0	56.6	56.7	56.9	56.6	56.4	56.5	56.8	56.6
Unemployed	2,696	2,884	2,956	2,655	2,764	2,932	2,859	2,822	2,910
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.8
Not in labor force	52,586	53,888	53,715	52,755	53,423	53,509	53,524	53,706	53,876
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,519	17,859	17,860	17,519	17,633	17,636	17,640	17,859	17,860
Civilian labor force	5,978	5,986	6,205	6,426	6,321	6,403	6,607	6,474	6,650
Participation rate	34.1	33.5	34.7	36.7	35.8	36.3	37.5	36.3	37.2
Employed	5,214	5,257	5,386	5,618	5,453	5,562	5,786	5,712	5,792
Employment-population ratio	29.8	29.4	30.2	32.1	30.9	31.5	32.8	32.0	32.4
Unemployed	763	728	820	808	868	841	821	763	858
Unemployment rate	12.8	12.2	13.2	12.6	13.7	13.1	12.4	11.8	12.9
Not in labor force	11,541	11,873	11,655	11,093	11,312	11,233	11,033	11,385	11,210
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Feb. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	204,677	207,088	207,147	204,677	205,444	205,521	205,598	207,088	207,147
Civilian labor force	126,960	128,282	128,371	127,092	127,746	127,710	127,827	128,988	128,548
Participation rate	62.0	61.9	62.0	62.1	62.2	62.1	62.2	62.3	62.1
Employed	122,180	123,231	123,128	122,716	122,901	122,856	123,213	124,431	123,726
Employment-population ratio	59.7	59.5	59.4	60.0	59.8	59.8	59.9	60.1	59.7
Unemployed	4,779	5,051	5,243	4,376	4,845	4,854	4,614	4,557	4,822
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.9	4.1	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.8
Not in labor force	77,717	78,806	78,776	77,585	77,699	77,811	77,770	78,100	78,599
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,748	66,565	66,344	65,732	66,431	66,289	66,244	66,794	66,365
Participation rate	69.6	69.6	69.4	69.6	70.1	69.9	69.8	69.9	69.4
Employed	63,315	64,034	63,619	63,687	64,078	63,965	64,087	64,721	64,049
Employment-population ratio	67.1	67.0	66.5	67.5	67.6	67.5	67.6	67.7	67.0
Unemployed	2,433	2,530	2,725	2,045	2,353	2,324	2,156	2,073	2,316
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.8	4.1	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,629	56,973	57,233	56,454	56,425	56,462	56,502	57,063	57,060
Participation rate	58.0	57.7	58.0	57.9	57.6	57.6	57.6	57.8	57.8
Employed	54,791	55,040	55,254	54,648	54,578	54,545	54,607	55,195	55,117
Employment-population ratio	56.2	55.8	56.0	56.0	55.7	55.7	55.7	55.9	55.8
Unemployed	1,838	1,933	1,979	1,806	1,847	1,916	1,895	1,868	1,943
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,583	4,745	4,795	4,906	4,890	4,959	5,082	5,131	5,123
Participation rate	36.1	37.0	37.4	38.7	38.4	39.0	40.0	40.0	39.9
Employed	4,075	4,157	4,255	4,381	4,245	4,346	4,519	4,516	4,560
Employment-population ratio	32.1	32.4	33.2	34.5	33.4	34.2	35.5	35.2	35.6
Unemployed	508	588	540	525	645	613	563	616	562
Unemployment rate	11.1	12.4	11.3	10.7	13.2	12.4	11.1	12.0	11.0
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,849	35,621	35,653	34,849	35,128	35,161	35,194	35,621	35,653
Civilian labor force	22,084	22,131	22,256	22,184	22,086	21,952	21,971	22,260	22,340
Participation rate	63.4	62.1	62.4	63.7	62.9	62.4	62.4	62.5	62.7
Employed	20,810	20,704	20,890	20,936	20,821	20,556	20,640	20,874	21,002
Employment-population ratio	59.7	58.1	58.6	60.1	59.3	58.5	58.6	58.6	58.9
Unemployed	1,274	1,427	1,366	1,248	1,266	1,396	1,331	1,386	1,339
Unemployment rate	5.8	6.4	6.1	5.6	5.7	6.4	6.1	6.2	6.0
Not in labor force	12,765	13,489	13,398	12,665	13,042	13,208	13,223	13,361	13,313
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,300	10,400	10,313	10,337	10,330	10,267	10,207	10,451	10,347
Participation rate	69.5	68.7	68.0	69.8	69.2	68.7	68.2	69.0	68.3
Employed	9,615	9,625	9,695	9,702	9,745	9,655	9,631	9,728	9,773
Employment-population ratio	64.9	63.6	64.0	65.5	65.3	64.6	64.4	64.2	64.5
Unemployed	685	775	618	635	585	612	576	723	574
Unemployment rate	6.6	7.5	6.0	6.1	5.7	6.0	5.6	6.9	5.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,048	11,108	11,172	11,054	10,993	10,953	10,986	11,133	11,174
Participation rate	63.3	62.4	62.7	63.4	62.6	62.3	62.4	62.5	62.7
Employed	10,563	10,510	10,572	10,564	10,444	10,301	10,388	10,534	10,566
Employment-population ratio	60.6	59.0	59.3	60.6	59.5	58.6	59.0	59.2	59.3
Unemployed	485	598	600	491	549	651	598	598	607
Unemployment rate	4.4	5.4	5.4	4.4	5.0	5.9	5.4	5.4	5.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	737	623	770	793	764	733	778	677	820
Participation rate	28.4	23.3	28.8	30.6	29.0	27.8	29.5	25.3	30.6
Employed	632	569	623	671	632	600	621	612	662
Employment-population ratio	24.3	21.3	23.3	25.9	24.0	22.8	23.5	22.9	24.8
Unemployed	105	54	147	122	132	133	157	64	157
Unemployment rate	14.2	8.7	19.1	15.4	17.3	18.1	20.2	9.5	19.2
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,784	19,111	19,097	17,784	18,107	18,213	18,174	19,111	19,097
Civilian labor force	11,479	12,283	12,483	11,510	11,835	11,759	11,680	12,359	12,512
Participation rate	64.5	64.3	65.4	64.7	65.4	64.6	64.3	64.7	65.5
Employed	11,084	11,815	12,086	11,116	11,370	11,318	11,267	11,906	12,113
Employment-population ratio	62.3	61.8	63.3	62.5	62.8	62.1	62.0	62.3	63.4
Unemployed	395	467	398	393	466	441	413	453	399
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.8	3.2	3.4	3.9	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.2
Not in labor force	6,305	6,828	6,614	6,274	6,272	6,454	6,494	6,752	6,585
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Feb. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,467	50,869	50,977	48,467	49,286	49,385	49,483	50,869	50,977
Civilian labor force	32,513	33,983	34,031	32,530	33,003	33,039	33,415	33,997	34,083
Participation rate	67.1	66.8	66.8	67.1	67.0	66.9	67.5	66.8	66.9
Employed	30,732	32,099	32,109	30,876	31,315	31,297	31,702	32,373	32,301
Employment-population ratio	63.4	63.1	63.0	63.7	63.5	63.4	64.1	63.6	63.4
Unemployed	1,781	1,884	1,921	1,654	1,688	1,743	1,713	1,623	1,782
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.1	5.1	5.3	5.1	4.8	5.2
Not in labor force	15,953	16,886	16,947	15,937	16,283	16,345	16,068	16,873	16,895
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,434	18,258	18,128	17,452	17,756	17,716	17,885	18,249	18,150
Participation rate	79.6	79.2	78.5	79.7	79.7	79.4	79.9	79.2	78.6
Employed	16,601	17,305	17,176	16,722	17,049	16,941	17,162	17,518	17,314
Employment-population ratio	75.8	75.1	74.4	76.3	76.5	75.9	76.7	76.0	75.0
Unemployed	832	954	952	729	706	775	723	731	836
Unemployment rate	4.8	5.2	5.3	4.2	4.0	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,575	14,233	14,353	13,533	13,759	13,879	13,985	14,204	14,347
Participation rate	61.7	61.7	62.1	61.5	61.5	61.9	62.2	61.6	62.1
Employed	12,862	13,546	13,592	12,854	13,046	13,154	13,241	13,564	13,621
Employment-population ratio	58.4	58.7	58.8	58.4	58.3	58.6	58.9	58.8	58.9
Unemployed	713	687	761	679	713	724	744	640	726
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.8	5.3	5.0	5.2	5.2	5.3	4.5	5.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,504	1,492	1,550	1,545	1,487	1,445	1,545	1,544	1,586
Participation rate	33.1	31.4	32.6	33.9	32.2	31.2	33.3	32.5	33.3
Employed	1,269	1,249	1,342	1,300	1,220	1,201	1,298	1,291	1,366
Employment-population ratio	27.9	26.3	28.2	28.6	26.4	26.0	28.0	27.2	28.7
Unemployed	235	243	209	245	268	244	247	252	220
Unemployment rate	15.6	16.3	13.5	15.9	18.0	16.9	16.0	16.3	13.8
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,887	9,350	8,746	9,200	9,060	9,074	9,219	9,346	9,060
Participation rate	46.7	47.4	46.6	48.4	48.4	47.2	47.6	47.4	48.3
Employed	8,204	8,706	8,087	8,632	8,465	8,530	8,700	8,858	8,519
Employment-population ratio	43.1	44.1	43.1	45.4	45.2	44.3	44.9	44.9	45.4
Unemployed	683	644	659	568	595	544	519	487	541
Unemployment rate	7.7	6.9	7.5	6.2	6.6	6.0	5.6	5.2	6.0
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,541	36,526	36,329	36,449	35,876	36,038	35,931	36,582	36,215
Participation rate	57.1	57.0	56.4	57.0	56.7	56.9	56.9	57.1	56.2
Employed	34,866	34,687	34,634	34,932	34,436	34,380	34,376	34,954	34,676
Employment-population ratio	54.5	54.1	53.7	54.6	54.5	54.3	54.5	54.5	53.8
Unemployed	1,675	1,839	1,695	1,516	1,440	1,658	1,555	1,628	1,539
Unemployment rate	4.6	5.0	4.7	4.2	4.0	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.2
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,297	36,123	36,592	36,262	35,710	35,658	35,652	36,049	36,423
Participation rate	63.4	62.9	63.6	63.4	62.2	62.5	62.7	62.8	63.3
Employed	35,049	34,777	35,218	35,108	34,496	34,370	34,409	34,774	35,155
Employment-population ratio	61.2	60.5	61.2	61.3	60.1	60.2	60.5	60.5	61.1
Unemployed	1,248	1,345	1,374	1,154	1,213	1,288	1,242	1,275	1,268
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.5
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	64,479	66,215	66,785	64,012	65,938	65,763	65,687	66,334	66,292
Participation rate	72.7	72.3	72.4	72.2	72.5	72.5	72.1	72.4	71.8
Employed	63,013	64,673	65,111	62,578	64,283	64,149	64,079	64,831	64,655
Employment-population ratio	71.1	70.6	70.6	70.6	70.7	70.7	70.3	70.7	70.1
Unemployed	1,466	1,543	1,675	1,434	1,655	1,614	1,609	1,504	1,637
Unemployment rate	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,680	17,375	15,635	15,302	2,045	2,073
Civilian labor force	8,615	8,412	7,419	7,151	1,196	1,261
Participation rate	48.7	48.4	47.5	46.7	58.5	60.8
Employed	8,369	8,069	7,199	6,865	1,170	1,204
Employment-population ratio	47.3	46.4	46.0	44.9	57.2	58.1
Unemployed	247	343	220	286	26	57
Unemployment rate	2.9	4.1	3.0	4.0	2.2	4.5
Not in labor force	9,065	8,963	8,216	8,151	849	812
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,266	5,594	4,309	4,599	957	995
Civilian labor force	4,195	4,448	3,484	3,681	711	767
Participation rate	79.7	79.5	80.9	80.0	74.3	77.1
Employed	4,090	4,256	3,395	3,530	695	726
Employment-population ratio	77.7	76.1	78.8	76.8	72.7	73.0
Unemployed	105	192	89	151	16	42
Unemployment rate	2.5	4.3	2.6	4.1	2.2	5.4
Not in labor force	1,071	1,146	825	918	246	228
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,820	3,231	2,389	2,733	431	498
Civilian labor force	2,022	2,146	1,737	1,829	286	317
Participation rate	71.7	66.4	72.7	66.9	66.3	63.7
Employed	1,967	2,048	1,681	1,736	286	313
Employment-population ratio	69.8	63.4	70.4	63.5	66.3	62.8
Unemployed	55	98	55	94	0	5
Unemployment rate	2.7	4.6	3.2	5.1	0.0	1.4
Not in labor force	797	1,085	652	904	145	181
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,756	4,988	5,513	4,799	243	189
Civilian labor force	695	589	672	570	23	19
Participation rate	12.1	11.8	12.2	11.9	9.6	10.2
Employed	660	569	637	550	23	19
Employment-population ratio	11.5	11.4	11.6	11.5	9.6	10.2
Unemployed	35	20	35	20	0	0
Unemployment rate	5.0	3.5	5.2	3.6	-	-
Not in labor force	5,061	4,399	4,841	4,229	220	170
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,838	3,562	3,424	3,171	414	391
Civilian labor force	1,703	1,229	1,527	1,071	176	157
Participation rate	44.4	34.5	44.6	33.8	42.5	40.2
Employed	1,651	1,197	1,486	1,050	165	147
Employment-population ratio	43.0	33.6	43.4	33.1	39.9	37.5
Unemployed	52	32	41	22	11	10
Unemployment rate	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.0	6.0	6.6
Not in labor force	2,135	2,333	1,897	2,100	238	234
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	240,832	245,953	110,303	112,950	130,529	133,003
Civilian labor force	156,583	159,573	79,939	81,581	76,644	77,992
Participation rate	65.0	64.9	72.5	72.2	58.7	58.6
Employed	150,113	152,685	76,364	77,793	73,749	74,892
Employment-population ratio	62.3	62.1	69.2	68.9	56.5	56.3
Unemployed	6,470	6,888	3,574	3,788	2,896	3,100
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.6	3.8	4.0
Not in labor force	84,249	86,380	30,364	31,369	53,884	55,011
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	People with a disability		People with no disability
	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,864	34,266	233,847	238,581
Civilian labor force	8,270	8,311	159,015	161,805
Participation rate	24.4	24.3	68.0	67.8
Employed	7,636	7,601	152,679	154,943
Employment-population ratio	22.5	22.2	65.3	64.9
Unemployed	634	710	6,336	6,861
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.5	4.0	4.2
Not in labor force	25,594	25,955	74,832	76,776
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,349	3,341	78,756	80,206
Participation rate	40.2	41.1	82.6	82.6
Employed	3,068	3,009	75,356	76,486
Employment-population ratio	36.8	37.1	79.1	78.8
Unemployed	281	332	3,401	3,720
Unemployment rate	8.4	9.9	4.3	4.6
Not in labor force	4,981	4,781	16,550	16,910
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,407	3,535	70,334	71,477
Participation rate	39.9	40.5	72.9	73.0
Employed	3,126	3,242	67,693	68,666
Employment-population ratio	36.6	37.1	70.2	70.2
Unemployed	281	293	2,642	2,811
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.3	3.8	3.9
Not in labor force	5,127	5,200	26,153	26,398
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,514	1,435	9,924	10,122
Participation rate	8.9	8.2	23.6	23.2
Employed	1,442	1,349	9,630	9,791
Employment-population ratio	8.5	7.7	22.9	22.5
Unemployed	73	86	294	331
Unemployment rate	4.8	6.0	3.0	3.3
Not in labor force	15,486	15,974	32,128	33,469
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,810	50,057	24,041	24,631	24,769	25,426
Civilian labor force	32,521	33,241	18,499	18,936	14,022	14,305
Participation rate	66.6	66.4	77.0	76.9	56.6	56.3
Employed	31,002	31,687	17,704	18,073	13,299	13,614
Employment-population ratio	63.5	63.3	73.6	73.4	53.7	53.5
Unemployed	1,519	1,555	796	863	723	691
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.7	4.3	4.6	5.2	4.8
Not in labor force	16,289	16,816	5,541	5,696	10,747	11,120
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	218,901	222,790	106,479	108,458	112,422	114,332
Civilian labor force	134,764	136,874	69,800	70,857	64,964	66,018
Participation rate	61.6	61.4	65.6	65.3	57.8	57.7
Employed	129,313	130,857	66,688	67,446	62,625	63,411
Employment-population ratio	59.1	58.7	62.6	62.2	55.7	55.5
Unemployed	5,451	6,017	3,112	3,410	2,339	2,607
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.4	4.5	4.8	3.6	3.9
Not in labor force	84,137	85,915	36,679	37,601	47,458	48,314
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,111	2,202	2,152	2,212	2,246	2,202	2,258	2,319	2,259
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,454	1,486	1,396	1,536	1,569	1,489	1,521	1,573	1,489
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	621	693	735	646	668	701	723	723	753
Unpaid family workers	35	24	22	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	158,205	160,145	160,391	158,681	159,341	159,070	159,469	161,357	160,930
Wage and salary workers(1)	148,897	151,281	151,531	149,360	150,120	149,881	150,253	152,363	152,034
Government	21,517	22,102	21,957	21,171	22,113	22,188	22,109	21,764	21,653
Private industries	127,380	129,179	129,575	128,169	127,994	127,709	128,209	130,742	130,414
Private households	746	650	565	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	126,634	128,529	129,009	127,388	127,444	127,155	127,713	130,025	129,816
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,261	8,831	8,821	9,371	9,171	9,122	9,241	9,103	8,946
Unpaid family workers	47	33	39	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,592	4,935	5,166	4,370	4,565	4,469	4,358	4,477	4,937
Slack work or business conditions	3,098	3,340	3,545	2,854	3,032	3,125	2,867	2,893	3,292
Could only find part-time work	1,139	1,206	1,307	1,112	1,179	1,084	1,195	1,195	1,253
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	23,043	22,325	23,148	22,324	22,351	22,380	22,514	22,299	22,435
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,479	4,854	5,086	4,300	4,426	4,387	4,299	4,416	4,899
Slack work or business conditions	3,013	3,293	3,489	2,808	2,957	3,072	2,833	2,857	3,273
Could only find part-time work	1,130	1,206	1,306	1,105	1,163	1,077	1,196	1,193	1,253
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,677	21,961	22,739	21,964	21,961	22,029	22,150	21,935	22,039
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	160,315	162,347	162,544	161,013	161,456	161,183	161,661	163,895	163,307
16 to 19 years	5,214	5,257	5,386	5,618	5,453	5,562	5,786	5,712	5,792
16 to 17 years	1,833	1,797	1,790	2,040	1,994	1,930	2,019	1,989	1,994
18 to 19 years	3,381	3,460	3,596	3,585	3,438	3,630	3,762	3,719	3,801
20 years and over	155,101	157,090	157,158	155,395	156,003	155,621	155,875	158,183	157,516
20 to 24 years	13,969	14,247	14,109	14,180	14,208	14,142	14,277	14,606	14,332
25 years and over	141,131	142,843	143,049	141,294	141,757	141,409	141,547	143,606	143,219
25 to 54 years	103,564	105,014	105,244	103,699	103,792	103,615	103,766	105,538	105,386
25 to 34 years	35,631	36,131	36,240	35,665	35,516	35,463	35,563	36,406	36,283
35 to 44 years	36,077	36,710	36,765	36,092	36,295	36,274	36,306	36,841	36,779
45 to 54 years	31,856	32,173	32,239	31,942	31,981	31,878	31,897	32,291	32,323
55 years and over	37,567	37,829	37,805	37,595	37,965	37,794	37,781	38,068	37,833
Men, 16 years and over	84,391	85,611	85,519	85,048	85,592	85,318	85,620	86,733	86,226
16 to 19 years	2,589	2,657	2,681	2,824	2,741	2,685	2,881	2,930	2,915
16 to 17 years	828	857	861	944	977	886	980	973	980
18 to 19 years	1,761	1,800	1,819	1,888	1,754	1,797	1,899	1,954	1,946
20 years and over	81,802	82,954	82,838	82,224	82,851	82,633	82,739	83,803	83,311
20 to 24 years	6,951	7,162	7,056	7,107	7,188	7,172	7,329	7,381	7,218
25 years and over	74,851	75,792	75,782	75,209	75,632	75,425	75,401	76,517	76,172
25 to 54 years	54,836	55,603	55,666	55,101	55,197	55,113	55,091	56,140	55,955
25 to 34 years	18,868	18,997	19,106	18,944	18,882	18,838	18,806	19,228	19,188
35 to 44 years	19,162	19,648	19,655	19,235	19,425	19,418	19,423	19,820	19,740
45 to 54 years	16,806	16,957	16,905	16,922	16,890	16,856	16,862	17,092	17,026
55 years and over	20,016	20,189	20,116	20,108	20,435	20,312	20,310	20,377	20,217
Women, 16 years and over	75,924	76,736	77,025	75,965	75,864	75,865	76,041	77,162	77,081
16 to 19 years	2,625	2,600	2,705	2,794	2,712	2,877	2,906	2,782	2,877
16 to 17 years	1,005	940	929	1,096	1,017	1,043	1,038	1,016	1,013
18 to 19 years	1,620	1,660	1,777	1,697	1,684	1,832	1,863	1,765	1,855
20 years and over	73,299	74,136	74,320	73,171	73,152	72,988	73,135	74,380	74,205
20 to 24 years	7,019	7,085	7,053	7,073	7,020	6,970	6,948	7,225	7,114
25 years and over	66,280	67,051	67,267	66,085	66,125	65,985	66,146	67,089	67,047
25 to 54 years	48,728	49,412	49,578	48,598	48,595	48,502	48,675	49,398	49,431
25 to 34 years	16,763	17,134	17,134	16,721	16,634	16,625	16,757	17,177	17,095
35 to 44 years	16,916	17,062	17,110	16,857	16,869	16,856	16,883	17,022	17,039
45 to 54 years	15,050	15,215	15,334	15,020	15,092	15,022	15,036	15,199	15,297
55 years and over	17,552	17,640	17,689	17,487	17,530	17,482	17,471	17,691	17,616
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,452	45,930	45,715	45,452	46,082	45,828	45,974	46,093	45,752
Married women, spouse present(1)	37,035	37,112	37,527	36,850	37,192	36,993	37,011	37,109	37,318
Women who maintain families(2)	9,955	10,100	10,245	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	131,815	134,234	133,372	133,021	133,471	133,423	133,510	135,896	134,676
Part-time workers(4)	28,501	28,113	29,172	27,922	27,922	27,671	27,918	27,901	28,511
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,411	8,643	9,036	8,264	8,308	8,577	8,478	8,764	8,860
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.3	5.6	5.1	5.1	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.4
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,565	6,821	6,911	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,883	9,524	9,556	10,016	9,839	9,823	9,964	9,827	9,700
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Feb. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,462	6,849	7,052	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1
16 to 19 years	808	763	858	12.6	13.7	13.1	12.4	11.8	12.9
16 to 17 years	292	308	380	12.5	11.7	14.1	13.5	13.4	16.0
18 to 19 years	502	454	474	12.3	14.6	12.5	11.8	10.9	11.1
20 years and over	5,654	6,087	6,194	3.5	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.8
20 to 24 years	1,099	1,259	1,294	7.2	7.8	7.8	7.5	7.9	8.3
25 years and over	4,654	4,877	4,974	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.4
25 to 54 years	3,543	3,671	3,827	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.5
25 to 34 years	1,593	1,606	1,669	4.3	4.2	4.5	4.5	4.2	4.4
35 to 44 years	1,085	1,190	1,243	2.9	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.1	3.3
45 to 54 years	865	875	914	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.7
55 years and over	1,082	1,185	1,117	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9
Men, 16 years and over	3,398	3,660	3,761	3.8	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.2
16 to 19 years	399	396	477	12.4	14.0	15.3	14.0	11.9	14.1
16 to 17 years	123	134	212	11.6	12.1	18.4	13.9	12.1	17.8
18 to 19 years	276	263	271	12.7	15.2	13.8	13.9	11.9	12.2
20 years and over	2,999	3,264	3,283	3.5	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.8
20 to 24 years	611	746	781	7.9	9.1	9.0	8.2	9.2	9.8
25 years and over	2,477	2,572	2,565	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,897	1,944	1,986	3.3	3.4	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.4
25 to 34 years	830	863	850	4.2	4.2	4.6	4.5	4.3	4.2
35 to 44 years	603	600	628	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.1	2.9	3.1
45 to 54 years	464	481	507	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.3	2.7	2.9
55 years and over	580	628	579	2.8	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.0	2.8
Women, 16 years and over	3,063	3,189	3,291	3.9	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1
16 to 19 years	408	366	381	12.7	13.5	11.0	10.8	11.6	11.7
16 to 17 years	169	175	168	13.3	11.4	10.0	13.0	14.7	14.2
18 to 19 years	226	191	203	11.8	13.9	11.2	9.6	9.8	9.9
20 years and over	2,655	2,822	2,910	3.5	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.8
20 to 24 years	488	514	513	6.5	6.3	6.6	6.7	6.6	6.7
25 years and over	2,177	2,304	2,409	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.5
25 to 54 years	1,646	1,727	1,841	3.3	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.6
25 to 34 years	762	743	819	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.6
35 to 44 years	482	590	615	2.8	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.3	3.5
45 to 54 years	401	394	407	2.6	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.6
55 years and over	519	558	551	2.9	2.6	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	884	944	997	1.9	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.0	2.1
Married women, spouse present(1)	772	886	953	2.1	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.3	2.5
Women who maintain families(2)	583	582	617	5.5	5.0	5.9	5.5	5.5	5.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,372	5,677	5,790	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.1
Part-time workers(4)	1,142	1,227	1,311	3.9	4.3	4.7	4.4	4.2	4.4
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,691	3,885	3,794	3,214	3,363	3,394	3,251	3,235	3,316
On temporary layoff	1,123	1,318	1,113	824	820	787	862	835	817
Not on temporary layoff	2,568	2,567	2,680	2,390	2,543	2,607	2,389	2,400	2,499
Permanent job losers	1,812	1,759	1,831	1,730	1,822	1,871	1,707	1,708	1,748
People who completed temporary jobs	756	808	849	660	721	736	682	693	751
Job leavers	712	910	918	712	802	854	947	912	918
Reentrants	1,991	2,123	2,255	1,964	2,151	2,182	2,031	2,124	2,208
New entrants	576	549	605	631	608	690	655	659	662
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	53.0	52.0	50.1	49.3	48.6	47.7	47.2	46.7	46.7
On temporary layoff	16.1	17.6	14.7	12.6	11.8	11.1	12.5	12.0	11.5
Not on temporary layoff	36.8	34.4	35.4	36.6	36.7	36.6	34.7	34.6	35.2
Job leavers	10.2	12.2	12.1	10.9	11.6	12.0	13.8	13.2	12.9
Reentrants	28.6	28.4	29.8	30.1	31.1	30.6	29.5	30.7	31.1
New entrants	8.3	7.4	8.0	9.7	8.8	9.7	9.5	9.5	9.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	2.2	2.3	2.2	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9
Job leavers	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3
New entrants	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,198	2,716	2,216	2,339	2,109	2,208	2,156	2,290	2,337
5 to 14 weeks	2,370	2,101	2,652	1,942	2,082	2,063	1,997	1,935	2,152
15 weeks and over	2,402	2,650	2,703	2,183	2,839	2,890	2,758	2,604	2,486
15 to 26 weeks	1,113	1,166	1,172	970	1,231	1,236	1,207	1,161	1,031
27 weeks and over	1,288	1,484	1,531	1,213	1,608	1,654	1,551	1,443	1,455
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	20.6	20.6	21.0	20.9	22.9	23.6	23.7	22.0	21.3
Median duration, in weeks	9.2	9.1	9.9	9.3	10.1	10.5	10.4	10.4	10.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	31.5	36.4	29.3	36.2	30.0	30.8	31.2	33.5	33.5
5 to 14 weeks	34.0	28.1	35.0	30.0	29.6	28.8	28.9	28.3	30.9
15 weeks and over	34.5	35.5	35.7	33.8	40.4	40.4	39.9	38.1	35.6
15 to 26 weeks	16.0	15.6	15.5	15.0	17.5	17.3	17.5	17.0	14.8
27 weeks and over	18.5	19.9	20.2	18.8	22.9	23.1	22.4	21.1	20.9
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	160,315	162,544	6,970	7,572	4.2	4.5
Management, professional, and related occupations	70,217	71,477	1,580	1,720	2.2	2.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	29,861	30,672	731	720	2.4	2.3
Professional and related occupations	40,355	40,805	849	1,000	2.1	2.4
Service occupations	25,843	26,316	1,395	1,757	5.1	6.3
Sales and office occupations	29,884	30,631	1,368	1,276	4.4	4.0
Sales and related occupations	14,364	14,138	704	635	4.7	4.3
Office and administrative support occupations	15,520	16,493	664	641	4.1	3.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,287	13,883	940	1,038	6.2	7.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	981	904	119	130	10.8	12.6
Construction and extraction occupations	8,400	7,978	665	720	7.3	8.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,905	5,000	156	187	3.1	3.6
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,085	20,236	1,101	1,160	5.2	5.4
Production occupations	8,188	8,299	382	348	4.5	4.0
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,896	11,937	718	812	5.7	6.4
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,970	7,572	4.2	4.5
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,522	5,978	4.2	4.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	24	23	4.2	3.9
Construction	711	741	7.0	7.2
Manufacturing	450	456	3.0	2.9
Durable goods	270	316	2.8	3.1
Nondurable goods	180	141	3.4	2.6
Wholesale and retail trade	926	967	4.7	4.8
Transportation and utilities	424	349	5.2	4.1
Information	121	148	4.3	5.4
Financial activities	242	211	2.4	2.0
Professional and business services	962	1,038	5.1	5.3
Education and health services	587	785	2.2	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	810	983	5.9	7.4
Other services	265	277	3.9	4.2
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	140	117	9.0	8.0
Government workers	373	440	1.7	2.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	359	431	3.5	4.3
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.5
U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.2	2.3	2.2	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.2	4.4	4.5	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.4	4.8	4.7	4.1	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.4
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	5.1	5.3	5.4	4.7	5.0	5.1	5.0	4.9	5.1
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	7.8	8.2	8.4	7.3	7.7	7.7	7.5	7.5	8.0
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2025
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	100,426	102,731	42,221	43,297	58,205	59,435
People who currently want a job	5,546	5,809	2,621	2,697	2,925	3,112
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,559	1,733	792	911	767	822
Discouraged workers(2)	425	463	245	329	180	134
Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,135	1,270	548	582	587	687
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,411	9,036	3,986	4,283	4,425	4,753
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.6	4.7	5.0	5.8	6.2
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,830	5,371	2,513	2,690	2,317	2,681
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,210	2,138	766	785	1,444	1,353
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	386	404	238	244	148	160
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	934	1,058	438	537	495	522
Footnotes (1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)	Change from: Jan.2025 - Feb.2025(p)
Total nonfarm	156,007	159,923	157,092	157,983	157,271	158,942	159,067	159,218	151
Total private	132,520	136,080	133,595	134,132	134,047	135,382	135,463	135,603	140
Goods-producing	21,255	21,628	21,248	21,322	21,622	21,673	21,666	21,700	34
Mining and logging	623	623	619	619	633	624	620	625	5
Logging	42.5	39.3	39.1	39.6	42.1	39.0	39.0	39.2	0.2
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	580.8	583.4	579.4	579.7	591.1	585.0	581.4	586.1	4.7
Oil and gas extraction	121.0	123.2	123.4	121.2	121.9	123.0	122.9	122.0	-0.9
Mining (except oil and gas)	186.6	189.7	187.0	187.4	191.7	191.3	191.8	192.5	0.7
Coal mining	42.1	41.8	41.4	40.8	42.3	41.8	41.3	40.9	-0.4
Metal ore mining	44.7	44.9	45.0	45.1	44.8	45.1	45.2	45.4	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	99.8	103.0	100.6	101.5	104.6	104.4	105.3	106.3	1.0
Support activities for mining	273.2	270.5	269.0	271.1	277.5	270.7	266.7	271.6	4.9
Construction	7,832	8,219	7,955	7,992	8,136	8,289	8,291	8,310	19
Construction of buildings	1,792.4	1,865.8	1,830.8	1,828.3	1,833.0	1,868.4	1,870.6	1,872.4	1.8
Residential building construction	909.5	953.5	934.7	933.4	930.1	953.2	955.0	955.1	0.1
Nonresidential building construction	882.9	912.3	896.1	894.9	902.9	915.2	915.6	917.3	1.7
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,060.4	1,137.1	1,073.6	1,086.8	1,147.4	1,172.7	1,173.7	1,176.2	2.5
Specialty trade contractors	4,978.8	5,216.1	5,050.4	5,076.5	5,155.9	5,247.9	5,246.7	5,261.3	14.6
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,309.7	2,388.5	2,305.9	2,327.5	2,388.8	2,406.7	2,401.7	2,414.3	12.6
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,669.1	2,827.6	2,744.5	2,749.0	2,767.1	2,841.2	2,845.0	2,847.0	2.0
Manufacturing	12,800	12,786	12,674	12,711	12,853	12,760	12,755	12,765	10
Durable goods	7,979	7,934	7,861	7,889	8,004	7,910	7,904	7,915	11
Wood product manufacturing	415.0	414.1	412.3	415.5	417.5	414.3	415.7	416.9	1.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	410.0	427.9	420.0	421.2	419.5	425.7	429.9	431.9	2.0
Primary metal manufacturing	372.0	372.8	371.2	372.5	372.9	371.9	372.6	373.7	1.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,451.1	1,434.6	1,433.3	1,435.3	1,453.0	1,433.8	1,435.8	1,436.8	1.0
Machinery manufacturing	1,122.0	1,114.5	1,113.1	1,118.0	1,124.2	1,113.8	1,115.6	1,119.2	3.6
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,033.0	1,016.2	1,005.7	1,005.1	1,035.5	1,014.5	1,009.8	1,007.1	-2.7
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	110.3	111.9	109.4	110.3	110.8	111.0	109.9	110.6	0.7
Communications equipment manufacturing	84.1	81.9	81.1	80.8	84.4	81.6	81.2	81.0	-0.2
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	394.1	382.8	378.9	376.5	394.9	382.9	379.7	377.2	-2.5
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	415.2	410.1	408.0	409.6	415.9	409.8	410.0	409.9	-0.1
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	29.3	29.5	28.3	27.9	29.6	29.3	29.0	28.4	-0.6
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	418.1	407.4	407.7	407.5	419.9	407.0	407.9	407.3	-0.6
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,789.9	1,792.3	1,753.5	1,766.4	1,791.1	1,777.6	1,766.2	1,772.0	5.8
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,015.9	1,019.7	988.3	1,002.4	1,018.1	1,007.5	997.1	1,006.0	8.9
Furniture and related product manufacturing	347.2	338.9	335.6	336.4	348.2	337.9	337.2	336.9	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing	620.5	615.7	608.9	611.2	622.4	613.5	613.1	613.1	0.0
Nondurable goods	4,821	4,852	4,813	4,822	4,849	4,850	4,851	4,850	-1
Food manufacturing	1,752.5	1,777.9	1,754.7	1,759.2	1,758.9	1,769.6	1,768.1	1,768.8	0.7
Textile mills	86.6	86.1	85.9	84.9	87.4	86.1	85.7	85.2	-0.5
Textile product mills	98.7	99.8	99.2	99.5	98.9	99.7	99.1	99.3	0.2
Apparel manufacturing	86.1	83.5	83.2	83.1	86.5	83.3	84.7	83.5	-1.2
Paper manufacturing	356.4	355.8	355.4	356.9	355.8	354.4	355.2	357.1	1.9
Printing and related support activities	358.2	355.5	352.2	351.7	360.6	353.8	354.5	353.9	-0.6
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	107.8	105.2	105.9	106.2	110.9	108.4	109.4	108.7	-0.7
Chemical manufacturing	893.4	902.0	898.3	899.7	893.5	901.7	900.6	900.2	-0.4
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	727.9	720.3	716.2	716.4	730.1	719.3	717.9	716.9	-1.0
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	353.1	366.3	362.0	364.8	366.0	373.9	375.6	376.1	0.5
Private service-providing	111,265	114,452	112,347	112,810	112,425	113,709	113,797	113,903	106
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,605	29,799	29,012	28,877	28,856	29,033	29,078	29,099	21
Wholesale trade	6,086.3	6,202.4	6,142.8	6,149.2	6,121.7	6,178.7	6,174.5	6,183.3	8.8
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,407.7	3,472.1	3,441.3	3,454.6	3,420.0	3,459.6	3,455.0	3,465.9	10.9
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,189.2	2,233.6	2,210.0	2,206.1	2,210.0	2,225.5	2,225.8	2,225.4	-0.4
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	489.4	496.7	491.5	488.5	491.7	493.6	493.7	492.0	-1.7
Retail trade	15,367.3	15,954.0	15,517.4	15,396.4	15,530.2	15,537.5	15,567.0	15,560.7	-6.3
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,035.9	2,049.4	2,036.6	2,045.0	2,051.6	2,051.3	2,055.7	2,061.2	5.5
Automobile dealers	1,275.8	1,297.0	1,286.4	1,291.5	1,279.1	1,294.0	1,293.5	1,295.3	1.8
Other motor vehicle dealers	166.0	157.9	157.2	158.6	173.4	164.5	166.5	166.5	0.0
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	594.1	594.5	593.0	594.9	599.1	592.8	595.7	599.5	3.8
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,363.0	1,363.8	1,341.1	1,343.2	1,399.6	1,387.0	1,386.6	1,385.3	-1.3
Food and beverage retailers	3,216.7	3,276.0	3,233.3	3,221.0	3,219.3	3,234.5	3,233.1	3,218.1	-15.0
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	812.5	841.2	801.7	792.7	813.2	801.8	798.1	793.8	-4.3
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	413.9	426.0	413.6	408.7	414.0	407.3	410.5	409.1	-1.4
Electronics and appliance retailers	398.6	415.2	388.1	384.0	399.3	394.5	387.7	384.7	-3.0
General merchandise retailers	3,201.4	3,455.5	3,298.6	3,262.7	3,240.9	3,272.6	3,302.7	3,313.0	10.3
Department stores	981.7	1,124.0	1,025.1	1,000.0	1,003.6	1,020.9	1,023.5	1,023.7	0.2
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,219.7	2,331.5	2,273.5	2,262.7	2,237.4	2,251.7	2,279.2	2,289.3	10.1
Health and personal care retailers	1,094.8	1,122.1	1,100.6	1,089.6	1,093.0	1,089.9	1,090.9	1,088.5	-2.4
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,039.8	1,057.2	1,046.5	1,048.0	1,051.9	1,057.6	1,055.7	1,061.3	5.6
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,118.4	1,235.7	1,154.8	1,100.6	1,148.7	1,133.8	1,127.4	1,124.6	-2.8
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,484.8	1,553.1	1,504.2	1,493.6	1,512.0	1,509.0	1,516.8	1,514.9	-1.9
Transportation and warehousing	6,565.0	7,048.5	6,758.7	6,738.2	6,614.1	6,723.2	6,741.9	6,759.7	17.8
Air transportation	559.6	568.4	566.7	571.6	563.5	569.3	571.1	574.6	3.5
Rail transportation	158.3	154.6	153.6	153.6	157.6	154.9	154.6	154.0	-0.6
Water transportation	65.0	67.7	66.5	67.9	68.2	69.9	70.1	70.4	0.3
Truck transportation	1,504.1	1,521.9	1,499.8	1,493.9	1,530.5	1,516.8	1,517.0	1,515.1	-1.9
Transit and ground passenger transportation	475.7	500.9	498.6	498.6	461.4	485.0	489.8	485.7	-4.1
Pipeline transportation	54.4	56.2	59.2	58.8	54.5	56.4	58.7	58.4	-0.3
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	24.6	26.1	23.5	23.6	31.8	30.2	30.0	30.0	0.0
Support activities for transportation	825.9	855.1	841.5	842.4	827.8	843.9	841.9	842.4	0.5
Couriers and messengers	1,057.8	1,407.3	1,211.3	1,196.5	1,079.8	1,152.8	1,168.2	1,191.7	23.5
Warehousing and storage	1,839.6	1,890.3	1,838.0	1,831.3	1,839.0	1,844.0	1,840.5	1,837.4	-3.1
Utilities	586.7	594.3	592.6	593.2	589.8	593.1	594.2	595.5	1.3
Information	2,939	2,964	2,912	2,931	2,963	2,944	2,947	2,952	5
Motion picture and sound recording industries	388.9	415.8	381.0	401.2	404.8	406.9	408.8	413.5	4.7
Publishing industries	907.8	924.7	914.4	911.4	915.2	917.5	918.4	918.8	0.4
Broadcasting and content providers	346.8	332.2	331.0	333.5	345.3	331.0	332.5	331.5	-1.0
Telecommunications	629.1	622.0	613.1	613.2	629.0	620.8	613.3	614.3	1.0
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	482.5	485.5	487.3	489.2	484.3	484.4	489.5	490.2	0.7
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	184.3	183.7	185.3	182.8	184.4	183.7	184.8	183.8	-1.0
Financial activities	9,096	9,235	9,171	9,190	9,155	9,206	9,220	9,241	21
Finance and insurance	6,670.4	6,743.9	6,721.0	6,729.7	6,690.1	6,724.6	6,733.4	6,743.8	10.4
Monetary authorities-central bank	20.5	21.2	21.4	21.3	20.6	21.2	21.4	21.4	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,575.7	2,558.7	2,552.5	2,553.9	2,576.3	2,556.3	2,553.6	2,554.9	1.3
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,789.1	1,779.7	1,777.4	1,774.6	1,787.0	1,778.6	1,776.6	1,773.7	-2.9
Commercial banking	1,384.5	1,369.6	1,368.2	1,363.8	1,382.1	1,369.2	1,366.7	1,362.0	-4.7
Nondepository credit intermediation	506.5	507.9	504.9	505.9	509.5	505.9	505.4	506.8	1.4
Activities related to credit intermediation	280.1	271.1	270.2	273.4	279.8	271.8	271.7	274.5	2.8
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,100.0	1,135.5	1,120.8	1,123.7	1,109.9	1,127.9	1,126.9	1,130.9	4.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,974.2	3,028.5	3,026.3	3,030.8	2,983.3	3,019.2	3,031.5	3,036.6	5.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,425.8	2,490.9	2,449.7	2,459.8	2,464.8	2,481.0	2,487.0	2,496.9	9.9
Real estate	1,839.5	1,886.9	1,854.8	1,862.1	1,859.5	1,872.4	1,877.1	1,884.0	6.9
Rental and leasing services	564.1	580.7	572.1	574.8	582.8	585.5	586.7	589.7	3.0
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.2	23.3	22.8	22.9	22.5	23.1	23.2	23.2	0.0
Professional and business services	22,392	22,707	22,195	22,312	22,661	22,614	22,575	22,573	-2
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,812.5	10,912.2	10,812.3	10,849.3	10,802.5	10,864.8	10,856.1	10,846.8	-9.3
Legal services	1,192.9	1,203.7	1,188.8	1,184.9	1,197.0	1,192.0	1,192.8	1,189.5	-3.3
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,224.1	1,133.8	1,162.3	1,207.8	1,152.8	1,141.0	1,140.7	1,140.1	-0.6
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,668.3	1,727.3	1,715.0	1,715.1	1,691.9	1,728.7	1,734.3	1,737.5	3.2
Specialized design services	150.9	153.3	148.8	147.1	152.4	150.9	150.1	148.9	-1.2
Computer systems design and related services	2,440.4	2,453.8	2,441.8	2,428.3	2,443.5	2,446.1	2,445.9	2,436.1	-9.8
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,846.2	1,908.9	1,859.8	1,866.8	1,857.3	1,885.2	1,871.1	1,875.8	4.7
Scientific research and development services	928.0	939.8	930.0	933.5	933.1	940.8	940.8	941.2	0.4
Advertising, public relations, and related services	495.1	500.5	493.2	492.9	497.2	496.7	495.7	494.1	-1.6
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	866.6	891.1	872.6	872.9	877.2	883.4	884.7	883.6	-1.1
Management of companies and enterprises	2,612.1	2,631.3	2,610.3	2,606.3	2,618.8	2,621.7	2,616.4	2,615.2	-1.2
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	8,967.7	9,163.9	8,772.6	8,856.6	9,239.8	9,127.8	9,102.7	9,110.8	8.1
Administrative and support services	8,469.2	8,646.0	8,258.5	8,345.1	8,735.4	8,609.1	8,582.5	8,591.3	8.8
Office administrative services	615.6	626.9	619.5	621.3	619.9	626.2	623.0	624.4	1.4
Facilities support services	175.1	184.7	184.5	187.4	176.5	186.2	187.3	188.8	1.5
Employment services(1)	3,343.1	3,380.1	3,146.1	3,184.4	3,402.4	3,268.8	3,259.0	3,248.5	-10.5
Temporary help services	2,634.3	2,643.0	2,442.4	2,487.2	2,684.8	2,551.8	2,541.5	2,529.2	-12.3
Business support services	707.7	686.4	665.3	660.4	707.6	669.7	665.4	661.2	-4.2
Travel arrangement and reservation services	188.2	190.3	191.6	191.7	190.8	191.1	194.1	194.6	0.5
Investigation and security services	1,017.2	1,034.5	1,015.6	1,026.7	1,023.5	1,030.4	1,024.4	1,029.9	5.5
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,093.5	2,218.8	2,119.7	2,150.8	2,278.1	2,310.8	2,302.1	2,314.6	12.5
Other support services	328.8	324.3	316.2	322.4	336.7	325.9	327.1	329.3	2.2
Waste management and remediation services	498.5	517.9	514.1	511.5	504.4	518.7	520.2	519.5	-0.7
Private education and health services	26,248	27,093	26,854	27,172	26,127	26,931	26,997	27,070	73
Private educational services	4,086.1	4,055.8	3,911.1	4,128.2	3,937.2	3,992.1	3,994.1	4,003.7	9.6
Health care and social assistance	22,161.5	23,037.6	22,943.0	23,043.3	22,189.5	22,939.1	23,003.0	23,066.1	63.1
Health care(3)	17,371.9	18,034.7	17,949.5	18,018.3	17,401.9	17,949.6	17,991.7	18,043.7	52.0
Ambulatory health care services	8,643.3	8,990.3	8,925.0	8,970.5	8,656.0	8,933.9	8,953.5	8,979.1	25.6
Offices of physicians	2,941.7	3,041.8	3,013.2	3,028.3	2,946.4	3,014.8	3,020.3	3,031.1	10.8
Offices of dentists	1,036.0	1,053.2	1,052.8	1,051.8	1,040.3	1,047.8	1,054.7	1,055.1	0.4
Offices of other health practitioners	1,209.8	1,272.0	1,254.4	1,268.4	1,208.2	1,262.8	1,262.4	1,268.3	5.9
Outpatient care centers	1,101.9	1,123.2	1,114.2	1,119.0	1,100.5	1,117.9	1,115.3	1,119.2	3.9
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	312.0	306.0	306.8	308.5	311.6	305.5	306.0	306.4	0.4
Home health care services	1,687.2	1,835.6	1,825.9	1,837.2	1,693.9	1,826.4	1,837.7	1,841.8	4.1
Other ambulatory health care services	354.7	358.5	357.7	357.3	355.1	358.6	357.0	357.1	0.1
Hospitals	5,468.4	5,654.9	5,651.9	5,662.6	5,477.7	5,640.7	5,652.6	5,667.5	14.9
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,260.2	3,389.5	3,372.6	3,385.2	3,268.2	3,375.0	3,385.6	3,397.1	11.5
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,468.6	1,522.5	1,514.6	1,521.1	1,472.7	1,515.4	1,520.0	1,527.4	7.4
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	657.9	689.3	683.4	686.0	660.0	686.7	686.7	687.7	1.0
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	973.4	1,007.6	1,004.8	1,006.6	975.3	1,003.4	1,008.6	1,010.8	2.2
Other residential care facilities	160.3	170.1	169.8	171.5	160.3	169.5	170.3	171.3	1.0
Social assistance	4,789.6	5,002.9	4,993.5	5,025.0	4,787.6	4,989.5	5,011.3	5,022.4	11.1
Individual and family services	3,182.1	3,374.8	3,375.6	3,397.2	3,185.3	3,370.7	3,390.2	3,400.2	10.0
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	229.2	238.2	238.8	239.9	228.6	235.5	239.6	240.1	0.5
Vocational rehabilitation services	282.2	286.1	281.2	285.1	284.9	286.5	285.3	286.3	1.0
Child care services	1,096.1	1,103.8	1,097.9	1,102.8	1,088.9	1,096.8	1,096.3	1,095.8	-0.5
Leisure and hospitality	16,116	16,672	16,263	16,363	16,735	16,979	16,965	16,949	-16
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,359.7	2,510.9	2,434.6	2,466.5	2,589.4	2,665.5	2,680.8	2,688.6	7.8
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	531.5	599.3	558.7	585.8	580.6	616.2	616.2	626.9	10.7
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	164.4	177.7	168.9	172.3	177.9	182.4	183.2	185.0	1.8
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,663.8	1,733.9	1,707.0	1,708.4	1,830.9	1,866.9	1,881.4	1,876.7	-4.7
Accommodation and food services	13,755.8	14,161.1	13,828.5	13,896.5	14,145.8	14,313.5	14,284.5	14,260.7	-23.8
Accommodation	1,836.9	1,889.5	1,850.7	1,862.5	1,919.9	1,948.5	1,949.0	1,952.7	3.7
Food services and drinking places	11,918.9	12,271.6	11,977.8	12,034.0	12,225.9	12,365.0	12,335.5	12,308.0	-27.5
Other services	5,869	5,982	5,940	5,965	5,928	6,002	6,015	6,019	4
Repair and maintenance	1,450.8	1,465.5	1,461.3	1,467.7	1,463.6	1,470.9	1,478.0	1,475.4	-2.6
Personal and laundry services	1,555.2	1,611.1	1,596.1	1,601.2	1,572.6	1,610.9	1,615.3	1,618.1	2.8
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,863.0	2,905.6	2,882.7	2,896.2	2,892.1	2,920.6	2,921.4	2,925.2	3.8
Government	23,487	23,843	23,497	23,851	23,224	23,560	23,604	23,615	11
Federal	2,975	3,020	3,002	2,991	2,985	3,012	3,017	3,007	-10
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,367.7	2,414.2	2,399.1	2,391.1	2,378.1	2,412.6	2,412.2	2,405.5	-6.7
U.S. Postal Service	607.5	606.0	602.9	600.3	606.4	598.9	604.7	601.2	-3.5
State government	5,537	5,608	5,460	5,661	5,404	5,512	5,531	5,532	1
State government education	2,745.4	2,735.8	2,589.8	2,783.5	2,599.3	2,629.7	2,645.0	2,639.7	-5.3
State government, excluding education	2,791.8	2,872.5	2,870.4	2,877.8	2,804.9	2,882.1	2,886.1	2,891.8	5.7
Local government	14,975	15,215	15,035	15,199	14,835	15,036	15,056	15,076	20
Local government education	8,360.4	8,448.8	8,308.5	8,458.3	8,097.4	8,185.8	8,195.7	8,206.0	10.3
Local government, excluding education	6,615.0	6,766.1	6,726.2	6,741.1	6,737.6	6,850.0	6,860.5	6,870.3	9.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.3	34.2	34.1	34.1
Goods-producing	39.7	39.7	39.7	39.7
Mining and logging	45.0	44.3	44.0	43.8
Construction	38.9	38.8	38.8	38.6
Manufacturing	40.0	40.1	40.1	40.1
Durable goods	40.5	40.6	40.5	40.6
Nondurable goods	39.2	39.4	39.4	39.5
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.1	33.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	34.0	33.8	33.9
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.1	39.2	39.2
Retail trade	29.7	29.9	29.5	29.6
Transportation and warehousing	38.0	38.2	38.1	38.1
Utilities	42.1	42.2	42.2	42.1
Information	36.6	36.9	36.9	37.0
Financial activities	37.5	37.7	37.5	37.6
Professional and business services	36.4	36.3	36.2	36.2
Private education and health services	33.2	32.9	32.8	32.8
Leisure and hospitality	25.6	25.5	25.3	25.4
Other services	32.3	32.0	32.0	31.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9
Durable goods	3.1	2.8	2.7	2.8
Nondurable goods	2.7	2.8	2.9	3.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)
Total private	$34.54	$35.68	$35.83	$35.93	$1,184.72	$1,220.26	$1,221.80	$1,225.21
Goods-producing	35.13	36.36	36.49	36.60	1,394.66	1,443.49	1,448.65	1,453.02
Mining and logging	39.48	39.95	40.21	40.25	1,776.60	1,769.79	1,769.24	1,762.95
Construction	37.53	38.94	39.05	39.12	1,459.92	1,510.87	1,515.14	1,510.03
Manufacturing	33.42	34.54	34.69	34.83	1,336.80	1,385.05	1,391.07	1,396.68
Durable goods	35.29	36.57	36.76	36.86	1,429.25	1,484.74	1,488.78	1,496.52
Nondurable goods	30.23	31.11	31.21	31.43	1,185.02	1,225.73	1,229.67	1,241.49
Private service-providing	34.40	35.52	35.67	35.78	1,145.52	1,179.26	1,180.68	1,184.32
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.76	30.34	30.47	30.55	1,008.86	1,031.56	1,029.89	1,035.65
Wholesale trade	37.33	37.91	37.97	38.19	1,459.60	1,482.28	1,488.42	1,497.05
Retail trade	24.37	24.86	24.97	25.03	723.79	743.31	736.62	740.89
Transportation and warehousing	30.38	30.99	31.10	31.14	1,154.44	1,183.82	1,184.91	1,186.43
Utilities	50.71	52.20	52.28	52.22	2,134.89	2,202.84	2,206.22	2,198.46
Information	49.22	51.04	51.47	51.47	1,801.45	1,883.38	1,899.24	1,904.39
Financial activities	44.96	46.37	46.59	46.84	1,686.00	1,748.15	1,747.13	1,761.18
Professional and business services	41.48	43.33	43.45	43.60	1,509.87	1,572.88	1,572.89	1,578.32
Private education and health services	33.81	35.01	35.14	35.19	1,122.49	1,151.83	1,152.59	1,154.23
Leisure and hospitality	21.75	22.40	22.48	22.55	556.80	571.20	568.74	572.77
Other services	31.25	32.37	32.59	32.71	1,009.38	1,035.84	1,042.88	1,043.45
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2025 - Feb. 2025(p)	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2025 - Feb. 2025(p)
Total private	115.4	116.2	116.0	116.1	0.1	190.6	198.3	198.6	199.4	0.4
Goods-producing	97.8	98.1	98.0	98.2	0.2	155.3	161.2	161.7	162.4	0.4
Mining and logging	89.5	86.9	85.7	86.0	0.4	141.9	139.3	138.4	139.0	0.4
Construction	109.1	110.9	110.9	110.6	-0.3	177.9	187.6	188.2	187.9	-0.2
Manufacturing	92.5	92.1	92.1	92.1	0.0	143.8	148.0	148.5	149.3	0.5
Durable goods	91.3	90.4	90.2	90.5	0.3	143.1	146.9	147.2	148.2	0.7
Nondurable goods	94.9	95.4	95.4	95.6	0.2	145.5	150.6	151.1	152.5	0.9
Private service-providing	120.5	121.5	121.3	121.4	0.1	201.5	209.8	210.2	211.1	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.9	107.9	107.4	107.8	0.4	171.5	176.5	176.5	177.6	0.6
Wholesale trade	105.6	106.6	106.8	106.9	0.1	164.9	169.0	169.6	170.8	0.7
Retail trade	93.9	94.6	93.5	93.7	0.2	151.3	155.4	154.3	155.2	0.6
Transportation and warehousing	144.4	147.6	147.6	148.0	0.3	223.2	232.7	233.5	234.4	0.4
Utilities	107.5	108.3	108.5	108.5	0.0	180.0	186.8	187.4	187.2	-0.1
Information	99.1	99.2	99.3	99.8	0.5	173.6	180.3	182.0	182.8	0.4
Financial activities	112.5	113.7	113.3	113.8	0.4	197.2	205.6	205.8	207.9	1.0
Professional and business services	129.0	128.4	127.8	127.8	0.0	216.7	225.3	224.9	225.7	0.4
Private education and health services	141.7	144.7	144.6	145.0	0.3	230.4	243.7	244.5	245.5	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	122.2	123.5	122.5	122.8	0.2	214.5	223.3	222.1	223.5	0.6
Other services	110.4	110.7	111.0	110.7	-0.3	189.1	196.5	198.2	198.5	0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)
Total nonfarm	78,496	79,230	79,312	79,377	49.9	49.8	49.9	49.9
Total private	64,939	65,465	65,514	65,564	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.3
Goods-producing	4,977	4,950	4,953	4,956	23.0	22.8	22.9	22.8
Mining and logging	85	85	86	86	13.4	13.6	13.9	13.8
Construction	1,160	1,182	1,183	1,188	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3
Manufacturing	3,732	3,683	3,684	3,682	29.0	28.9	28.9	28.8
Durable goods	1,983	1,933	1,931	1,929	24.8	24.4	24.4	24.4
Nondurable goods	1,749	1,750	1,753	1,753	36.1	36.1	36.1	36.1
Private service-providing	59,962	60,515	60,561	60,608	53.3	53.2	53.2	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,232	11,253	11,266	11,263	38.9	38.8	38.7	38.7
Wholesale trade	1,860.4	1,885.2	1,887.0	1,883.7	30.4	30.5	30.6	30.5
Retail trade	7,460.5	7,444.8	7,450.0	7,443.6	48.0	47.9	47.9	47.8
Transportation and warehousing	1,754.5	1,768.7	1,774.5	1,780.5	26.5	26.3	26.3	26.3
Utilities	156.3	154.3	154.7	155.4	26.5	26.0	26.0	26.1
Information	1,194	1,169	1,171	1,171	40.3	39.7	39.7	39.7
Financial activities	5,099	5,089	5,091	5,100	55.7	55.3	55.2	55.2
Professional and business services	10,412	10,293	10,267	10,245	45.9	45.5	45.5	45.4
Private education and health services	20,066	20,637	20,688	20,753	76.8	76.6	76.6	76.7
Leisure and hospitality	8,775	8,844	8,841	8,837	52.4	52.1	52.1	52.1
Other services	3,184	3,230	3,237	3,239	53.7	53.8	53.8	53.8
Government	13,557	13,765	13,798	13,813	58.4	58.4	58.5	58.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)
Total private	109,111	110,284	110,376	110,537
Goods-producing	15,419	15,379	15,372	15,391
Mining and logging	495	468	470	469
Construction	5,942	6,011	6,002	6,022
Manufacturing	8,982	8,900	8,900	8,900
Durable goods	5,473	5,370	5,366	5,374
Nondurable goods	3,509	3,530	3,534	3,526
Private service-providing	93,692	94,905	95,004	95,146
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,360	24,613	24,647	24,663
Wholesale trade	4,835.1	4,887.9	4,885.5	4,888.3
Retail trade	13,273.2	13,340.3	13,361.3	13,346.7
Transportation and warehousing	5,780.6	5,913.8	5,929.3	5,955.4
Utilities	470.8	470.5	471.0	472.4
Information	2,379	2,374	2,362	2,371
Financial activities	6,903	6,955	6,968	6,993
Professional and business services	17,845	17,768	17,758	17,777
Private education and health services	22,766	23,555	23,631	23,705
Leisure and hospitality	14,619	14,769	14,761	14,753
Other services	4,820	4,871	4,877	4,884
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.7	33.6	33.6
Goods-producing	40.4	40.5	40.5	40.4
Mining and logging	47.3	45.9	45.3	45.1
Construction	39.4	39.6	39.7	39.4
Manufacturing	40.6	40.9	40.7	40.9
Durable goods	40.9	41.1	40.9	41.1
Nondurable goods	40.1	40.5	40.5	40.6
Private service-providing	32.7	32.6	32.4	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	34.2	34.0	34.1
Wholesale trade	39.2	39.0	38.9	39.0
Retail trade	30.2	30.5	30.2	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	37.4	37.8	37.7	37.8
Utilities	42.2	42.6	42.8	42.2
Information	35.8	35.8	35.7	35.8
Financial activities	36.9	37.2	37.2	37.1
Professional and business services	36.3	36.3	36.2	36.2
Private education and health services	32.5	32.0	31.9	31.9
Leisure and hospitality	24.3	24.0	23.9	24.0
Other services	31.2	31.1	31.1	31.0
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.8
Durable goods	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.6
Nondurable goods	3.6	3.7	3.8	4.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)
Total private	$29.67	$30.67	$30.80	$30.89	$999.88	$1,033.58	$1,034.88	$1,037.90
Goods-producing	30.64	31.72	31.87	31.94	1,237.86	1,284.66	1,290.74	1,290.38
Mining and logging	36.57	36.87	36.80	37.11	1,729.76	1,692.33	1,667.04	1,673.66
Construction	35.16	36.43	36.49	36.55	1,385.30	1,442.63	1,448.65	1,440.07
Manufacturing	27.35	28.33	28.54	28.64	1,110.41	1,158.70	1,161.58	1,171.38
Durable goods	28.76	29.83	30.10	30.20	1,176.28	1,226.01	1,231.09	1,241.22
Nondurable goods	25.11	26.03	26.16	26.22	1,006.91	1,054.22	1,059.48	1,064.53
Private service-providing	29.48	30.46	30.59	30.68	964.00	993.00	991.12	997.10
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.85	26.29	26.43	26.47	876.32	899.12	898.62	902.63
Wholesale trade	31.01	31.54	31.69	31.76	1,215.59	1,230.06	1,232.74	1,238.64
Retail trade	20.78	21.15	21.21	21.28	627.56	645.08	640.54	644.78
Transportation and warehousing	29.00	29.42	29.59	29.55	1,084.60	1,112.08	1,115.54	1,116.99
Utilities	44.71	45.97	46.10	46.28	1,886.76	1,958.32	1,973.08	1,953.02
Information	40.50	41.64	41.98	42.23	1,449.90	1,490.71	1,498.69	1,511.83
Financial activities	35.24	36.38	36.53	36.76	1,300.36	1,353.34	1,358.92	1,363.80
Professional and business services	34.90	36.48	36.52	36.64	1,266.87	1,324.22	1,322.02	1,326.37
Private education and health services	30.92	32.12	32.27	32.35	1,004.90	1,027.84	1,029.41	1,031.97
Leisure and hospitality	19.27	19.86	19.93	20.02	468.26	476.64	476.33	480.48
Other services	27.06	28.19	28.33	28.48	844.27	876.71	881.06	882.88
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2025 - Feb. 2025(p)	Feb. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025(p)	Feb. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2025 - Feb. 2025(p)
Total private	122.5	123.8	123.6	123.8	0.2	243.0	253.9	254.4	255.5	0.4
Goods-producing	95.2	95.2	95.1	95.0	-0.1	178.6	184.9	185.7	185.8	0.1
Mining and logging	124.4	114.2	113.1	112.4	-0.6	264.6	244.8	242.2	242.6	0.2
Construction	117.2	119.2	119.3	118.8	-0.4	222.5	234.5	235.1	234.5	-0.3
Manufacturing	83.7	83.6	83.2	83.6	0.5	149.7	154.8	155.2	156.5	0.8
Durable goods	84.1	82.9	82.5	83.0	0.6	151.0	154.4	154.9	156.4	1.0
Nondurable goods	82.9	84.2	84.3	84.3	0.0	147.1	154.9	155.9	156.3	0.3
Private service-providing	130.5	131.8	131.1	131.8	0.5	264.0	275.4	275.2	277.3	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.6	117.8	117.3	117.7	0.3	213.6	221.4	221.6	222.7	0.5
Wholesale trade	112.5	113.1	112.8	113.1	0.3	205.9	210.6	211.0	212.1	0.5
Retail trade	101.6	103.2	102.3	102.5	0.2	181.1	187.1	186.1	187.1	0.5
Transportation and warehousing	163.6	169.2	169.2	170.4	0.7	302.0	316.8	318.6	320.4	0.6
Utilities	101.6	102.5	103.1	101.9	-1.2	189.6	196.6	198.3	196.9	-0.7
Information	97.2	97.0	96.2	96.9	0.7	194.9	200.0	200.0	202.6	1.3
Financial activities	119.9	121.8	122.0	122.1	0.1	259.9	272.5	274.2	276.1	0.7
Professional and business services	144.6	144.0	143.5	143.7	0.1	300.2	312.4	311.7	313.1	0.4
Private education and health services	157.8	160.7	160.7	161.2	0.3	322.0	340.7	342.3	344.3	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	130.1	129.8	129.2	129.7	0.4	284.8	292.8	292.5	294.9	0.8
Other services	105.5	106.2	106.4	106.2	-0.2	207.9	218.2	219.6	220.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.