Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until		USDL-19-0360
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, March 8, 2019

Technical information: 
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov
	

                   THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- FEBRUARY 2019


Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in February (+20,000), and the
unemployment rate declined to 3.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. Employment in professional and business services, health care, and
wholesale trade continued to trend up, while construction employment decreased.   

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.8 percent in February,
and the number of unemployed persons decreased by 300,000 to 6.2 million. Among the
unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
(including people on temporary layoff) declined by 225,000. This decline reflects,
in part, the return of federal workers who were furloughed in January due to the
partial government shutdown. (See tables A-1 and A-11.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent),
Whites (3.3 percent), and Hispanics (4.3 percent) decreased in February. The jobless
rates for adult women (3.4 percent), teenagers (13.4 percent), Blacks (7.0 percent),
and Asians (3.1 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1,
A-2, and A-3.)

In February, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more)
was essentially unchanged at 1.3 million and accounted for 20.4 percent of the
unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate held at 63.2 percent in February and has changed
little over the year. The employment-population ratio, at 60.7 percent, was unchanged
over the month but was up by 0.3 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to
as involuntary part-time workers) decreased by 837,000 to 4.3 million in February.
This decline follows a sharp increase in January that may have resulted from the
partial federal government shutdown. (Persons employed part time for economic reasons
would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time because their
hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs.) (See table A-8.)

In February, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, a
decrease of 178,000 from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These
individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had
looked for a job sometime in the last 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed
because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See
table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 428,000 discouraged workers in February,
little changed from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged
workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are
available for them. The remaining 1.0 million persons marginally attached to the
labor force in February had not searched for work for reasons such as school
attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)	

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in February (+20,000), after
increasing by 311,000 in January. In 2018, job growth averaged 223,000 per month.
In February, employment continued to trend up in professional and business services,
health care, and wholesale trade, while construction employment declined. (See table
B-1.)

In February, employment in professional and business services continued to trend
up (+42,000), in line with its average monthly gain over the prior 12 months. 

Health care added 21,000 jobs in February and 361,000 jobs over the year. Employment
in ambulatory health care services edged up over the month (+16,000). 

In February, wholesale trade employment continued its upward trend (+11,000). The
industry has added 95,000 jobs over the year, largely among durable goods wholesalers. 

Employment in construction declined by 31,000 in February, partially offsetting an
increase of 53,000 in January. In February, employment declined in heavy and civil
engineering construction (-13,000). Over the year, construction has added 223,000 jobs.

Manufacturing employment changed little in February (+4,000), after increasing by an
average of 22,000 per month over the prior 12 months.

In February, employment in leisure and hospitality was unchanged, after posting job
gains of 89,000 and 65,000 in January and December, respectively. Over the year,
leisure and hospitality has added 410,000 jobs.

Employment in other major industries, including mining, retail trade, transportation
and warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, showed little
or no change over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1
hour to 34.4 hours in February. In manufacturing, the average workweek declined 0.1
hour to 40.7 hours, while overtime was unchanged at 3.5 hours. The average workweek
for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.2
hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls
rose by 11 cents to $27.66, following a 2-cent gain in January. Over the year, average
hourly earnings have increased by 3.4 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector
production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 8 cents to $23.18 in February.
(See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised up from +222,000
to +227,000, and the change for January was revised up from +304,000 to +311,000. With
these revisions, employment gains in December and January combined were 12,000 more than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the
recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 186,000
per month over the last 3 months. 

_____________
The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 5, 2019,
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Change from: Jan. 2019- Feb. 2019
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	256,934	258,888	258,239	258,392	153
Civilian labor force	161,900	163,240	163,229	163,184	-45
Participation rate	63.0	63.1	63.2	63.2	0.0
Employed	155,213	156,945	156,694	156,949	255
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.6	60.7	60.7	0.0
Unemployed	6,687	6,294	6,535	6,235	-300
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Not in labor force	95,033	95,649	95,010	95,208	198
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.4	-0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	14.4	12.5	12.9	13.4	0.5
White	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Black or African American	6.8	6.6	6.8	7.0	0.2
Asian	3.0	3.3	3.1	3.1	0.0
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.9	4.4	4.9	4.3	-0.6
Total, 25 years and over	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Less than a high school diploma	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.3	-0.4
High school graduates, no college	4.4	3.8	3.8	3.8	0.0
Some college or associate degree	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.2	-0.2
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,227	2,903	3,082	2,857	-225
Job leavers	784	839	805	840	35
Reentrants	1,954	1,958	1,945	1,905	-40
New entrants	703	588	606	623	17
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,458	2,126	2,325	2,194	-131
5 to 14 weeks	1,900	2,027	2,013	1,810	-203
15 to 26 weeks	933	897	902	942	40
27 weeks and over	1,403	1,306	1,252	1,271	19
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	5,115	4,657	5,147	4,310	-837
Slack work or business conditions	3,293	2,891	3,451	2,792	-659
Could only find part-time work	1,537	1,496	1,419	1,347	-72
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,120	21,234	20,949	21,153	204
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,602	1,556	1,614	1,424	-
Discouraged workers	373	375	426	428	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	330	227	311	20
Total private	304	224	308	25
Goods-producing	111	40	81	-32
Mining and logging	7	4	7	-5
Construction	73	16	53	-31
Manufacturing	31	20	21	4
Durable goods(1)	27	14	23	5
Motor vehicles and parts	7.9	1.2	-0.4	1.3
Nondurable goods	4	6	-2	-1
Private service-providing	193	184	227	57
Wholesale trade	3.2	12.5	10.0	10.9
Retail trade	23.7	-5.9	13.7	-6.1
Transportation and warehousing	28.4	-1.1	29.6	-3.0
Utilities	1.9	-0.2	1.1	-0.3
Information	0	-2	-12	0
Financial activities	26	1	9	6
Professional and business services(1)	44	37	15	42
Temporary help services	11.4	13.5	-11.5	5.8
Education and health services(1)	36	67	64	4
Health care and social assistance	43.9	52.9	37.3	22.5
Leisure and hospitality	25	65	89	0
Other services	4	11	8	3
Government	26	3	3	-5
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	225	233	245	186
Total private	219	236	244	186
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.6	49.7	49.7	49.8
Total private women employees	48.2	48.3	48.3	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.4	82.4	82.3
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.5	34.5	34.5	34.4
Average hourly earnings	$26.75	$27.53	$27.55	$27.66
Average weekly earnings	$922.88	$949.79	$950.48	$951.50
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	108.8	110.7	110.9	110.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.5	0.5	0.2	-0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	139.2	145.6	146.1	146.3
Over-the-month percent change	0.7	0.8	0.3	0.1
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	68.0	65.9	60.7	57.2
Manufacturing (76 industries)	66.4	65.1	60.5	51.3
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 689,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-65,000 to +165,000 (50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Feb. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	256,934	258,239	258,392	256,934	258,514	258,708	258,888	258,239	258,392
Civilian labor force	161,494	162,104	162,793	161,900	162,694	162,821	163,240	163,229	163,184
Participation rate	62.9	62.8	63.0	63.0	62.9	62.9	63.1	63.2	63.2
Employed	154,403	154,964	156,167	155,213	156,582	156,803	156,945	156,694	156,949
Employment-population ratio	60.1	60.0	60.4	60.4	60.6	60.6	60.6	60.7	60.7
Unemployed	7,091	7,140	6,625	6,687	6,112	6,018	6,294	6,535	6,235
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.9	4.0	3.8
Not in labor force	95,439	96,135	95,599	95,033	95,821	95,886	95,649	95,010	95,208
Persons who currently want a job	5,152	5,435	5,196	5,136	5,333	5,397	5,327	5,254	5,222
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	124,250	124,890	124,965	124,250	125,041	125,137	125,227	124,890	124,965
Civilian labor force	85,806	85,829	86,056	86,215	86,146	86,330	86,441	86,577	86,439
Participation rate	69.1	68.7	68.9	69.4	68.9	69.0	69.0	69.3	69.2
Employed	81,829	81,798	82,311	82,653	82,894	83,194	83,041	83,031	83,095
Employment-population ratio	65.9	65.5	65.9	66.5	66.3	66.5	66.3	66.5	66.5
Unemployed	3,977	4,031	3,745	3,562	3,252	3,136	3,401	3,545	3,343
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.9	4.1	3.9
Not in labor force	38,444	39,060	38,909	38,035	38,895	38,807	38,785	38,313	38,527
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	115,748	116,436	116,513	115,748	116,546	116,646	116,739	116,436	116,513
Civilian labor force	83,053	83,139	83,435	83,258	83,277	83,408	83,500	83,599	83,632
Participation rate	71.8	71.4	71.6	71.9	71.5	71.5	71.5	71.8	71.8
Employed	79,552	79,504	80,117	80,186	80,388	80,633	80,501	80,472	80,712
Employment-population ratio	68.7	68.3	68.8	69.3	69.0	69.1	69.0	69.1	69.3
Unemployed	3,501	3,635	3,318	3,072	2,889	2,775	2,999	3,126	2,920
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.4	4.0	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.5
Not in labor force	32,695	33,296	33,078	32,490	33,269	33,238	33,239	32,837	32,881
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	132,684	133,350	133,427	132,684	133,474	133,571	133,662	133,350	133,427
Civilian labor force	75,688	76,275	76,737	75,685	76,548	76,492	76,798	76,652	76,746
Participation rate	57.0	57.2	57.5	57.0	57.4	57.3	57.5	57.5	57.5
Employed	72,574	73,166	73,857	72,560	73,688	73,609	73,904	73,663	73,854
Employment-population ratio	54.7	54.9	55.4	54.7	55.2	55.1	55.3	55.2	55.4
Unemployed	3,114	3,109	2,880	3,125	2,860	2,883	2,894	2,990	2,892
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.1	3.8	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8
Not in labor force	56,996	57,075	56,690	56,998	56,926	57,079	56,864	56,697	56,681
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	124,407	125,099	125,177	124,407	125,200	125,299	125,393	125,099	125,177
Civilian labor force	72,791	73,485	73,942	72,595	73,442	73,478	73,769	73,691	73,760
Participation rate	58.5	58.7	59.1	58.4	58.7	58.6	58.8	58.9	58.9
Employed	70,029	70,731	71,396	69,849	70,935	70,949	71,218	71,049	71,221
Employment-population ratio	56.3	56.5	57.0	56.1	56.7	56.6	56.8	56.8	56.9
Unemployed	2,762	2,754	2,546	2,746	2,507	2,529	2,550	2,642	2,540
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.8	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4
Not in labor force	51,616	51,615	51,235	51,812	51,757	51,821	51,624	51,408	51,417
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,778	16,704	16,702	16,778	16,768	16,763	16,756	16,704	16,702
Civilian labor force	5,650	5,480	5,416	6,047	5,974	5,935	5,971	5,939	5,792
Participation rate	33.7	32.8	32.4	36.0	35.6	35.4	35.6	35.6	34.7
Employed	4,822	4,729	4,655	5,178	5,258	5,221	5,226	5,172	5,017
Employment-population ratio	28.7	28.3	27.9	30.9	31.4	31.1	31.2	31.0	30.0
Unemployed	828	751	761	870	715	714	745	767	776
Unemployment rate	14.7	13.7	14.0	14.4	12.0	12.0	12.5	12.9	13.4
Not in labor force	11,128	11,224	11,286	10,731	10,795	10,828	10,785	10,765	10,909
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Feb. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	199,799	200,382	200,447	199,799	200,596	200,690	200,774	200,382	200,447
Civilian labor force	125,658	125,516	126,102	125,862	126,100	126,334	126,680	126,351	126,313
Participation rate	62.9	62.6	62.9	63.0	62.9	63.0	63.1	63.1	63.0
Employed	120,646	120,542	121,628	121,241	121,923	122,036	122,318	121,880	122,168
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.2	60.7	60.7	60.8	60.8	60.9	60.8	60.9
Unemployed	5,012	4,974	4,475	4,621	4,177	4,299	4,362	4,471	4,144
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.0	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.3
Not in labor force	74,141	74,866	74,345	73,937	74,496	74,355	74,094	74,030	74,134
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,802	65,684	65,925	65,887	65,771	65,961	66,110	66,051	66,052
Participation rate	72.0	71.6	71.8	72.1	71.6	71.8	71.9	72.0	72.0
Employed	63,185	63,112	63,636	63,651	63,785	63,960	64,046	63,890	64,088
Employment-population ratio	69.1	68.8	69.3	69.6	69.4	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.8
Unemployed	2,617	2,572	2,289	2,236	1,986	2,000	2,064	2,161	1,964
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.9	3.5	3.4	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,465	55,612	56,042	55,254	55,778	55,819	55,995	55,740	55,814
Participation rate	57.8	57.7	58.1	57.5	57.8	57.9	58.0	57.8	57.9
Employed	53,640	53,733	54,365	53,456	54,062	54,023	54,226	53,959	54,151
Employment-population ratio	55.9	55.8	56.4	55.7	56.1	56.0	56.2	56.0	56.2
Unemployed	1,825	1,879	1,677	1,798	1,716	1,796	1,769	1,781	1,663
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.4	3.0	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,392	4,219	4,135	4,721	4,551	4,554	4,575	4,560	4,447
Participation rate	35.6	34.4	33.7	38.3	37.0	37.0	37.2	37.2	36.3
Employed	3,822	3,697	3,627	4,134	4,076	4,052	4,047	4,031	3,929
Employment-population ratio	31.0	30.1	29.6	33.5	33.1	32.9	32.9	32.9	32.0
Unemployed	570	523	508	587	476	502	528	530	518
Unemployment rate	13.0	12.4	12.3	12.4	10.5	11.0	11.6	11.6	11.6
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,607	32,868	32,897	32,607	32,887	32,923	32,956	32,868	32,897
Civilian labor force	20,360	20,549	20,441	20,518	20,564	20,451	20,460	20,628	20,575
Participation rate	62.4	62.5	62.1	62.9	62.5	62.1	62.1	62.8	62.5
Employed	18,928	19,033	18,944	19,118	19,290	19,232	19,107	19,220	19,137
Employment-population ratio	58.1	57.9	57.6	58.6	58.7	58.4	58.0	58.5	58.2
Unemployed	1,432	1,516	1,497	1,399	1,274	1,219	1,353	1,408	1,437
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.4	7.3	6.8	6.2	6.0	6.6	6.8	7.0
Not in labor force	12,246	12,318	12,457	12,089	12,323	12,472	12,496	12,240	12,322
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,339	9,320	9,333	9,448	9,400	9,310	9,284	9,367	9,414
Participation rate	68.5	67.6	67.6	69.3	68.2	67.4	67.2	67.9	68.2
Employed	8,744	8,584	8,595	8,889	8,814	8,771	8,709	8,705	8,734
Employment-population ratio	64.1	62.2	62.3	65.2	63.9	63.5	63.0	63.1	63.3
Unemployed	595	736	738	559	586	539	575	662	680
Unemployment rate	6.4	7.9	7.9	5.9	6.2	5.8	6.2	7.1	7.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,261	10,433	10,358	10,264	10,327	10,303	10,359	10,419	10,366
Participation rate	62.4	62.8	62.3	62.4	62.2	62.0	62.2	62.8	62.4
Employed	9,615	9,820	9,793	9,642	9,825	9,789	9,749	9,847	9,822
Employment-population ratio	58.4	59.2	58.9	58.6	59.2	58.9	58.6	59.3	59.1
Unemployed	646	613	565	621	501	515	611	572	544
Unemployment rate	6.3	5.9	5.5	6.1	4.9	5.0	5.9	5.5	5.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	760	797	750	806	837	837	817	842	795
Participation rate	30.3	32.2	30.3	32.1	33.6	33.6	32.8	34.0	32.1
Employed	569	629	556	587	650	672	650	669	582
Employment-population ratio	22.7	25.4	22.5	23.4	26.1	27.0	26.1	27.0	23.5
Unemployed	191	168	194	219	187	165	167	173	213
Unemployment rate	25.2	21.0	25.9	27.1	22.4	19.7	20.5	20.6	26.8
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	15,792	16,034	16,055	15,792	16,030	16,096	16,138	16,034	16,055
Civilian labor force	9,934	10,264	10,383	9,925	10,280	10,334	10,262	10,298	10,369
Participation rate	62.9	64.0	64.7	62.8	64.1	64.2	63.6	64.2	64.6
Employed	9,635	9,938	10,053	9,630	9,956	10,050	9,929	9,978	10,045
Employment-population ratio	61.0	62.0	62.6	61.0	62.1	62.4	61.5	62.2	62.6
Unemployed	299	326	329	294	324	284	334	321	324
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.1	2.7	3.3	3.1	3.1
Not in labor force	5,858	5,770	5,672	5,868	5,750	5,762	5,876	5,736	5,686
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Feb. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,335	43,044	43,127	42,335	43,054	43,146	43,234	43,044	43,127
Civilian labor force	27,957	28,828	28,631	28,023	28,513	28,820	28,963	28,985	28,724
Participation rate	66.0	67.0	66.4	66.2	66.2	66.8	67.0	67.3	66.6
Employed	26,469	27,208	27,270	26,656	27,266	27,524	27,701	27,579	27,480
Employment-population ratio	62.5	63.2	63.2	63.0	63.3	63.8	64.1	64.1	63.7
Unemployed	1,488	1,620	1,361	1,366	1,248	1,296	1,261	1,406	1,245
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.6	4.8	4.9	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.9	4.3
Not in labor force	14,378	14,217	14,496	14,313	14,541	14,326	14,271	14,060	14,403
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,280	15,657	15,628	15,315	15,448	15,595	15,651	15,699	15,675
Participation rate	80.0	80.6	80.3	80.2	79.5	80.1	80.2	80.8	80.5
Employed	14,567	14,848	14,953	14,724	14,854	15,063	15,107	15,066	15,117
Employment-population ratio	76.3	76.4	76.8	77.1	76.4	77.3	77.4	77.6	77.7
Unemployed	713	809	675	591	594	533	544	633	557
Unemployment rate	4.7	5.2	4.3	3.9	3.8	3.4	3.5	4.0	3.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,449	11,945	11,806	11,416	11,767	11,857	12,002	11,968	11,798
Participation rate	59.3	60.8	59.9	59.1	59.9	60.2	60.8	60.9	59.9
Employed	10,840	11,332	11,328	10,821	11,266	11,308	11,487	11,396	11,331
Employment-population ratio	56.1	57.6	57.5	56.0	57.3	57.4	58.2	58.0	57.5
Unemployed	609	613	478	595	501	550	515	572	466
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.1	4.0	5.2	4.3	4.6	4.3	4.8	4.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,228	1,226	1,197	1,291	1,298	1,367	1,310	1,318	1,252
Participation rate	31.4	31.0	30.2	33.0	32.8	34.5	33.0	33.3	31.6
Employed	1,061	1,028	988	1,111	1,145	1,154	1,107	1,117	1,031
Employment-population ratio	27.1	26.0	24.9	28.4	28.9	29.1	27.9	28.2	26.0
Unemployed	167	198	209	180	153	214	202	201	221
Unemployment rate	13.6	16.1	17.4	14.0	11.8	15.6	15.4	15.2	17.6
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,887	10,169	9,903	10,263	10,268	10,191	10,283	10,065	10,267
Participation rate	45.1	45.7	45.4	46.8	47.8	46.7	46.1	45.2	47.0
Employed	9,190	9,419	9,243	9,683	9,658	9,619	9,683	9,489	9,720
Employment-population ratio	41.9	42.3	42.4	44.2	44.9	44.0	43.4	42.6	44.5
Unemployed	697	750	660	580	610	572	600	576	548
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.4	6.7	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.3
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,992	35,968	36,153	36,068	36,103	35,901	36,154	36,301	36,230
Participation rate	57.4	57.9	58.1	57.5	57.6	57.6	58.1	58.5	58.2
Employed	34,221	34,413	34,632	34,468	34,650	34,631	34,776	34,937	34,863
Employment-population ratio	54.6	55.4	55.6	55.0	55.3	55.6	55.9	56.3	56.0
Unemployed	1,771	1,554	1,521	1,600	1,454	1,271	1,377	1,363	1,367
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.0	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.8
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,648	37,307	37,234	37,615	37,531	37,471	37,175	37,339	37,213
Participation rate	65.7	65.4	65.4	65.6	65.2	65.3	65.7	65.5	65.3
Employed	36,212	35,939	35,956	36,307	36,392	36,293	35,954	36,071	36,040
Employment-population ratio	63.2	63.0	63.1	63.3	63.2	63.2	63.5	63.2	63.3
Unemployed	1,436	1,368	1,278	1,308	1,139	1,178	1,222	1,268	1,173
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.2
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	57,260	58,338	59,139	56,608	57,968	58,451	58,701	58,472	58,497
Participation rate	74.4	73.8	74.3	73.6	73.5	73.8	73.6	74.0	73.5
Employed	55,978	56,897	57,860	55,334	56,782	57,150	57,442	57,078	57,220
Employment-population ratio	72.8	72.0	72.7	71.9	72.0	72.1	72.0	72.2	71.9
Unemployed	1,281	1,441	1,279	1,273	1,186	1,301	1,260	1,395	1,277
Unemployment rate	2.2	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.2
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	19,344	18,965	17,485	17,087	1,859	1,878
Civilian labor force	9,504	9,377	8,377	8,221	1,127	1,156
Participation rate	49.1	49.4	47.9	48.1	60.6	61.5
Employed	9,167	9,121	8,080	8,003	1,087	1,117
Employment-population ratio	47.4	48.1	46.2	46.8	58.5	59.5
Unemployed	337	256	298	218	39	38
Unemployment rate	3.5	2.7	3.6	2.7	3.5	3.3
Not in labor force	9,840	9,588	9,108	8,866	732	722
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,117	4,289	3,458	3,598	660	692
Civilian labor force	3,303	3,458	2,848	2,963	455	495
Participation rate	80.2	80.6	82.4	82.4	69.0	71.6
Employed	3,193	3,340	2,762	2,866	432	474
Employment-population ratio	77.6	77.9	79.9	79.7	65.4	68.5
Unemployed	110	118	86	97	24	21
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.4	3.0	3.3	5.2	4.3
Not in labor force	815	831	610	635	204	196
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,058	3,051	2,536	2,526	521	524
Civilian labor force	2,458	2,378	2,058	2,012	399	366
Participation rate	80.4	77.9	81.1	79.6	76.6	69.8
Employed	2,380	2,327	1,987	1,966	393	361
Employment-population ratio	77.8	76.3	78.3	77.8	75.4	68.9
Unemployed	78	51	72	46	6	5
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.1	3.5	2.3	1.5	1.3
Not in labor force	600	673	478	515	122	158
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,786	7,366	7,521	7,113	265	253
Civilian labor force	1,624	1,535	1,562	1,473	62	62
Participation rate	20.9	20.8	20.8	20.7	23.3	24.5
Employed	1,578	1,512	1,520	1,454	58	59
Employment-population ratio	20.3	20.5	20.2	20.4	21.8	23.2
Unemployed	47	23	43	20	4	3
Unemployment rate	2.9	1.5	2.7	1.3	-	-
Not in labor force	6,162	5,831	5,959	5,640	203	191
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,383	4,259	3,970	3,850	413	409
Civilian labor force	2,119	2,006	1,909	1,773	210	233
Participation rate	48.4	47.1	48.1	46.1	50.9	56.9
Employed	2,016	1,941	1,812	1,718	205	224
Employment-population ratio	46.0	45.6	45.6	44.6	49.5	54.7
Unemployed	103	65	97	56	6	9
Unemployment rate	4.9	3.2	5.1	3.1	2.8	3.9
Not in labor force	2,264	2,253	2,061	2,077	203	176
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	228,565	230,460	102,212	103,302	126,354	127,157
Civilian labor force	149,978	151,531	76,510	76,901	73,468	74,630
Participation rate	65.6	65.8	74.9	74.4	58.1	58.7
Employed	143,542	145,482	73,001	73,556	70,541	71,926
Employment-population ratio	62.8	63.1	71.4	71.2	55.8	56.6
Unemployed	6,436	6,049	3,509	3,345	2,928	2,705
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.0	4.6	4.3	4.0	3.6
Not in labor force	78,587	78,928	25,702	26,401	52,885	52,527
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	29,751	30,355	227,183	228,037
Civilian labor force	6,161	6,347	155,333	156,446
Participation rate	20.7	20.9	68.4	68.6
Employed	5,629	5,770	148,775	150,397
Employment-population ratio	18.9	19.0	65.5	66.0
Unemployed	532	576	6,559	6,049
Unemployment rate	8.6	9.1	4.2	3.9
Not in labor force	23,590	24,008	71,850	71,591
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,758	2,831	77,745	77,549
Participation rate	36.8	36.4	82.7	82.7
Employed	2,488	2,519	74,217	74,302
Employment-population ratio	33.2	32.4	78.9	79.2
Unemployed	269	312	3,528	3,247
Unemployment rate	9.8	11.0	4.5	4.2
Not in labor force	4,736	4,938	16,314	16,220
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,335	2,333	68,930	69,485
Participation rate	30.4	30.2	71.0	71.7
Employed	2,135	2,130	66,180	66,966
Employment-population ratio	27.8	27.6	68.2	69.1
Unemployed	199	203	2,751	2,519
Unemployment rate	8.5	8.7	4.0	3.6
Not in labor force	5,336	5,396	28,118	27,414
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,069	1,183	8,658	9,412
Participation rate	7.3	8.0	24.0	25.2
Employed	1,005	1,122	8,378	9,129
Employment-population ratio	6.9	7.6	23.2	24.4
Unemployed	64	61	280	283
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.2	3.2	3.0
Not in labor force	13,518	13,674	27,418	27,957
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,955	43,455	20,880	21,237	22,075	22,218
Civilian labor force	28,218	28,892	16,168	16,572	12,051	12,320
Participation rate	65.7	66.5	77.4	78.0	54.6	55.4
Employed	27,094	27,817	15,582	16,002	11,511	11,815
Employment-population ratio	63.1	64.0	74.6	75.3	52.1	53.2
Unemployed	1,124	1,075	585	570	539	505
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.4	4.5	4.1
Not in labor force	14,736	14,563	4,712	4,665	10,024	9,898
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	213,979	214,937	103,370	103,728	110,609	111,209
Civilian labor force	133,276	133,901	69,639	69,484	63,637	64,417
Participation rate	62.3	62.3	67.4	67.0	57.5	57.9
Employed	127,310	128,351	66,247	66,309	61,063	62,041
Employment-population ratio	59.5	59.7	64.1	63.9	55.2	55.8
Unemployed	5,966	5,550	3,392	3,175	2,574	2,375
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.1	4.9	4.6	4.0	3.7
Not in labor force	80,703	81,036	33,731	34,244	46,972	46,792
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,280	2,414	2,344	2,450	2,418	2,556	2,522	2,576	2,510
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,487	1,644	1,572	1,653	1,674	1,772	1,747	1,778	1,741
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	758	746	757	764	722	768	752	787	764
Unpaid family workers	36	24	15	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	152,123	152,550	153,824	152,695	154,135	154,297	154,520	154,177	154,446
Wage and salary workers(1)	143,213	143,834	145,148	143,741	145,071	145,313	145,478	145,251	145,674
Government	21,503	20,800	21,032	21,012	21,186	21,054	20,677	20,614	20,588
Private industries	121,710	123,034	124,116	122,657	124,063	124,365	124,787	124,657	125,042
Private households	738	799	796	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	120,972	122,234	123,321	121,928	123,239	123,512	123,904	123,861	124,243
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,854	8,672	8,638	8,954	8,949	8,889	9,031	8,855	8,780
Unpaid family workers	56	44	38	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,331	5,640	4,561	5,115	4,630	4,781	4,657	5,147	4,310
Slack work or business conditions	3,501	3,888	2,986	3,293	2,837	2,882	2,891	3,451	2,792
Could only find part-time work	1,509	1,418	1,295	1,537	1,461	1,562	1,496	1,419	1,347
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,804	20,734	21,807	21,120	21,448	20,909	21,234	20,949	21,153
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,241	5,543	4,477	5,020	4,549	4,726	4,580	5,079	4,244
Slack work or business conditions	3,449	3,841	2,933	3,252	2,779	2,843	2,816	3,418	2,763
Could only find part-time work	1,501	1,398	1,291	1,527	1,453	1,571	1,473	1,401	1,339
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,388	20,340	21,411	20,708	21,083	20,521	20,826	20,548	20,761
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	154,403	154,964	156,167	155,213	156,582	156,803	156,945	156,694	156,949
16 to 19 years	4,822	4,729	4,655	5,178	5,258	5,221	5,226	5,172	5,017
16 to 17 years	1,695	1,492	1,565	1,898	1,954	1,915	1,784	1,674	1,756
18 to 19 years	3,127	3,237	3,090	3,299	3,305	3,295	3,441	3,459	3,249
20 years and over	149,581	150,235	151,512	150,036	151,324	151,582	151,720	151,522	151,932
20 to 24 years	13,980	13,567	13,821	14,207	13,897	13,942	13,885	13,911	14,018
25 years and over	135,602	136,668	137,691	135,850	137,504	137,615	137,786	137,605	137,942
25 to 54 years	99,847	100,208	100,574	100,088	100,892	100,844	100,833	100,787	100,840
25 to 34 years	34,959	35,392	35,512	34,991	35,693	35,672	35,689	35,665	35,584
35 to 44 years	32,328	32,732	32,965	32,494	32,857	32,796	32,881	32,902	33,101
45 to 54 years	32,560	32,084	32,098	32,603	32,343	32,376	32,263	32,221	32,156
55 years and over	35,755	36,460	37,117	35,762	36,612	36,771	36,954	36,817	37,102
Men, 16 years and over	81,829	81,798	82,311	82,653	82,894	83,194	83,041	83,031	83,095
16 to 19 years	2,277	2,294	2,194	2,467	2,506	2,561	2,540	2,559	2,384
16 to 17 years	748	708	751	866	895	848	848	805	860
18 to 19 years	1,529	1,586	1,443	1,619	1,621	1,711	1,686	1,735	1,535
20 years and over	79,552	79,504	80,117	80,186	80,388	80,633	80,501	80,472	80,712
20 to 24 years	7,213	6,868	7,006	7,381	7,082	7,089	7,044	7,101	7,148
25 years and over	72,339	72,636	73,111	72,793	73,331	73,519	73,435	73,398	73,566
25 to 54 years	53,400	53,358	53,539	53,721	53,789	53,933	53,774	53,808	53,858
25 to 34 years	18,824	18,958	19,002	18,928	19,169	19,201	19,165	19,132	19,119
35 to 44 years	17,424	17,600	17,760	17,586	17,625	17,664	17,701	17,772	17,899
45 to 54 years	17,152	16,799	16,777	17,207	16,995	17,068	16,908	16,904	16,840
55 years and over	18,939	19,278	19,572	19,072	19,542	19,587	19,661	19,591	19,708
Women, 16 years and over	72,574	73,166	73,857	72,560	73,688	73,609	73,904	73,663	73,854
16 to 19 years	2,545	2,435	2,461	2,711	2,753	2,660	2,686	2,613	2,633
16 to 17 years	946	784	813	1,032	1,059	1,067	936	869	896
18 to 19 years	1,599	1,651	1,648	1,680	1,684	1,584	1,755	1,723	1,714
20 years and over	70,029	70,731	71,396	69,849	70,935	70,949	71,218	71,049	71,221
20 to 24 years	6,767	6,699	6,815	6,826	6,816	6,853	6,841	6,810	6,870
25 years and over	63,262	64,031	64,580	63,057	64,173	64,096	64,352	64,206	64,377
25 to 54 years	46,447	46,850	47,035	46,367	47,103	46,912	47,059	46,979	46,983
25 to 34 years	16,135	16,433	16,510	16,062	16,524	16,471	16,524	16,533	16,465
35 to 44 years	14,904	15,132	15,205	14,908	15,231	15,132	15,180	15,130	15,202
45 to 54 years	15,408	15,285	15,321	15,397	15,348	15,308	15,355	15,317	15,316
55 years and over	16,816	17,181	17,545	16,689	17,070	17,184	17,293	17,227	17,394
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,635	45,494	45,664	45,870	46,192	46,204	45,984	45,819	45,893
Married women, spouse present(1)	35,786	36,420	36,731	35,642	36,089	36,220	36,379	36,504	36,574
Women who maintain families(2)	9,624	9,491	9,596	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	126,401	128,166	128,836	127,700	129,255	129,774	129,913	129,837	130,159
Part-time workers(4)	28,003	26,799	27,331	27,524	27,311	27,017	26,994	26,752	26,878
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,103	7,749	7,823	7,843	7,873	7,749	7,866	7,850	7,641
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,767	5,965	6,072	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,611	9,418	9,395	9,718	9,671	9,657	9,783	9,642	9,544
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Feb. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,687	6,535	6,235	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.9	4.0	3.8
16 to 19 years	870	767	776	14.4	12.0	12.0	12.5	12.9	13.4
16 to 17 years	345	282	335	15.4	10.6	13.2	13.8	14.4	16.0
18 to 19 years	525	479	453	13.7	12.9	11.5	12.1	12.2	12.2
20 years and over	5,817	5,768	5,459	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.5
20 to 24 years	1,037	1,143	1,090	6.8	6.8	6.6	7.2	7.6	7.2
25 years and over	4,784	4,640	4,372	3.4	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.1
25 to 54 years	3,599	3,425	3,331	3.5	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.2
25 to 34 years	1,584	1,464	1,495	4.3	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.9	4.0
35 to 44 years	1,035	984	886	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.6
45 to 54 years	980	978	950	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.9	2.9	2.9
55 years and over	1,188	1,207	1,029	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.2	2.7
Men, 16 years and over	3,562	3,545	3,343	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.9	4.1	3.9
16 to 19 years	490	419	423	16.6	12.6	12.3	13.7	14.1	15.1
16 to 17 years	182	149	189	17.3	11.1	14.8	14.9	15.6	18.0
18 to 19 years	313	261	251	16.2	13.5	11.1	13.7	13.1	14.0
20 years and over	3,072	3,126	2,920	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.5
20 to 24 years	599	652	589	7.5	7.4	7.3	7.8	8.4	7.6
25 years and over	2,477	2,492	2,333	3.3	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.3	3.1
25 to 54 years	1,794	1,818	1,762	3.2	3.2	2.9	3.2	3.3	3.2
25 to 34 years	800	795	767	4.1	3.7	3.3	3.7	4.0	3.9
35 to 44 years	497	526	479	2.7	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.6
45 to 54 years	497	497	515	2.8	2.7	2.6	3.0	2.9	3.0
55 years and over	684	673	571	3.5	2.6	2.9	3.0	3.3	2.8
Women, 16 years and over	3,125	2,990	2,892	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8
16 to 19 years	379	347	352	12.3	11.4	11.7	11.3	11.7	11.8
16 to 17 years	163	133	146	13.6	10.1	11.9	12.9	13.3	14.0
18 to 19 years	212	218	203	11.2	12.3	12.0	10.5	11.2	10.6
20 years and over	2,746	2,642	2,540	3.8	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4
20 to 24 years	437	491	501	6.0	6.1	5.8	6.5	6.7	6.8
25 years and over	2,307	2,148	2,040	3.5	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.1
25 to 54 years	1,805	1,607	1,570	3.7	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.2
25 to 34 years	784	669	728	4.7	3.6	4.1	4.2	3.9	4.2
35 to 44 years	538	458	407	3.5	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.6
45 to 54 years	484	480	435	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.8
55 years and over	496	515	461	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.6
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	989	992	907	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.1	1.9
Married women, spouse present(1)	981	912	866	2.7	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3
Women who maintain families(2)	637	539	496	6.2	5.3	5.4	4.5	5.4	4.9
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,391	5,415	5,087	4.1	3.6	3.5	3.7	4.0	3.8
Part-time workers(4)	1,281	1,176	1,135	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.8	4.2	4.1
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,716	3,791	3,300	3,227	2,858	2,842	2,903	3,082	2,857
On temporary layoff	1,172	1,432	1,088	871	793	804	762	937	820
Not on temporary layoff	2,544	2,359	2,212	2,356	2,066	2,038	2,141	2,144	2,037
Permanent job losers	1,799	1,536	1,406	1,667	1,365	1,337	1,432	1,427	1,300
Persons who completed temporary jobs	745	823	806	689	701	701	710	717	737
Job leavers	774	804	840	784	731	697	839	805	840
Reentrants	1,962	1,999	1,908	1,954	1,914	1,880	1,958	1,945	1,905
New entrants	639	547	577	703	605	577	588	606	623
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	52.4	53.1	49.8	48.4	46.8	47.4	46.2	47.9	45.9
On temporary layoff	16.5	20.1	16.4	13.1	13.0	13.4	12.1	14.6	13.2
Not on temporary layoff	35.9	33.0	33.4	35.3	33.8	34.0	34.1	33.3	32.7
Job leavers	10.9	11.3	12.7	11.8	12.0	11.6	13.3	12.5	13.5
Reentrants	27.7	28.0	28.8	29.3	31.3	31.4	31.1	30.2	30.6
New entrants	9.0	7.7	8.7	10.5	9.9	9.6	9.3	9.4	10.0
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.3	2.3	2.0	2.0	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.8
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
New entrants	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,307	2,751	2,085	2,458	2,062	2,128	2,126	2,325	2,194
5 to 14 weeks	2,253	2,169	2,137	1,900	1,845	1,842	2,027	2,013	1,810
15 weeks and over	2,532	2,221	2,403	2,336	2,229	2,124	2,203	2,153	2,214
15 to 26 weeks	1,024	905	1,031	933	859	865	897	902	942
27 weeks and over	1,507	1,316	1,371	1,403	1,370	1,259	1,306	1,252	1,271
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	22.7	19.2	21.5	22.9	22.4	21.7	21.8	20.5	21.7
Median duration, in weeks	9.4	8.3	9.5	9.3	9.4	9.0	9.1	8.9	9.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	32.5	38.5	31.5	36.7	33.6	34.9	33.4	35.8	35.3
5 to 14 weeks	31.8	30.4	32.3	28.4	30.1	30.2	31.9	31.0	29.1
15 weeks and over	35.7	31.1	36.3	34.9	36.3	34.9	34.7	33.2	35.6
15 to 26 weeks	14.4	12.7	15.6	13.9	14.0	14.2	14.1	13.9	15.2
27 weeks and over	21.3	18.4	20.7	21.0	22.3	20.7	20.5	19.3	20.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019
Total, 16 years and over(1)	154,403	156,167	7,091	6,625	4.4	4.1
Management, professional, and related occupations	62,908	64,281	1,301	1,317	2.0	2.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	25,625	26,562	530	565	2.0	2.1
Professional and related occupations	37,283	37,718	771	753	2.0	2.0
Service occupations	26,226	26,090	1,503	1,447	5.4	5.3
Sales and office occupations	32,992	33,200	1,538	1,452	4.5	4.2
Sales and related occupations	15,541	15,292	736	800	4.5	5.0
Office and administrative support occupations	17,451	17,908	802	652	4.4	3.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,109	13,964	1,092	939	7.2	6.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,129	1,143	162	190	12.5	14.3
Construction and extraction occupations	8,020	8,272	781	598	8.9	6.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,961	4,549	149	151	2.9	3.2
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,168	18,633	1,012	868	5.3	4.5
Production occupations	8,488	8,742	386	340	4.3	3.7
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,680	9,891	626	528	6.1	5.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019
Total, 16 years and over(1)	7,091	6,625	4.4	4.1
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,529	5,123	4.3	4.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	52	26	6.6	3.6
Construction	732	588	7.8	6.2
Manufacturing	555	464	3.6	2.9
Durable goods	339	270	3.5	2.7
Nondurable goods	216	194	3.7	3.3
Wholesale and retail trade	1,064	978	5.3	5.0
Transportation and utilities	260	297	3.7	4.1
Information	89	107	3.2	4.1
Financial activities	218	264	2.2	2.6
Professional and business services	827	768	4.8	4.3
Education and health services	598	621	2.5	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	903	794	6.8	5.8
Other services	230	215	3.4	3.2
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	154	190	9.6	11.1
Government workers	411	397	1.9	1.8
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	358	337	3.6	3.4
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.3	2.3	2.0	2.0	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.8
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.9	4.0	3.8
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.6	4.7	4.3	4.4	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.1
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	5.3	5.3	4.9	5.1	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.7
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	8.6	8.8	7.7	8.2	7.5	7.6	7.6	8.1	7.3
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019	Feb. 2018	Feb. 2019
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	95,439	95,599	38,444	38,909	56,996	56,690
Persons who currently want a job	5,152	5,196	2,384	2,608	2,768	2,588
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,602	1,424	841	810	761	614
Discouraged workers(2)	373	428	224	301	148	127
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,230	996	617	509	613	487
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,103	7,823	4,082	3,815	4,020	4,008
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.0	5.0	4.6	5.5	5.4
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,446	4,502	2,437	2,410	2,009	2,092
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,127	1,961	809	681	1,317	1,280
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	343	251	199	157	144	95
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,127	1,057	601	550	526	507
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)	Change from: Jan.2019 - Feb.2019(p)
Total nonfarm	146,665	151,203	148,306	149,133	148,097	150,275	150,586	150,606	20
Total private	123,968	128,363	125,945	126,363	125,697	127,790	128,098	128,123	25
Goods-producing	20,056	20,881	20,559	20,570	20,497	20,961	21,042	21,010	-32
Mining and logging	695	753	746	743	706	752	759	754	-5
Logging	49.8	47.7	46.5	45.2	50.3	47.2	47.7	45.8	-1.9
Mining	645.6	705.4	699.9	697.8	655.3	705.1	711.1	708.3	-2.8
Oil and gas extraction	139.6	148.3	148.7	148.9	141.2	148.3	149.8	150.6	0.8
Mining, except oil and gas	182.8	192.8	188.9	189.4	188.9	194.9	195.5	195.7	0.2
Coal mining	50.7	52.9	52.8	52.7	50.9	52.7	52.7	52.8	0.1
Metal ore mining	40.9	40.9	40.7	40.9	41.0	41.0	41.0	41.1	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	91.2	99.0	95.4	95.8	97.0	101.1	101.8	101.8	0.0
Support activities for mining	323.2	364.3	362.3	359.5	325.2	361.9	365.8	362.0	-3.8
Construction	6,840	7,313	7,072	7,062	7,199	7,400	7,453	7,422	-31
Construction of buildings	1,546.9	1,643.4	1,603.8	1,599.9	1,598.1	1,649.7	1,656.5	1,651.9	-4.6
Residential building	759.4	825.2	805.2	804.0	786.9	824.7	832.4	830.8	-1.6
Nonresidential building	787.5	818.2	798.6	795.9	811.2	825.0	824.1	821.1	-3.0
Heavy and civil engineering construction	930.0	1,033.2	971.2	970.9	1,032.2	1,075.4	1,086.0	1,072.8	-13.2
Specialty trade contractors	4,363.2	4,636.6	4,496.5	4,490.8	4,568.4	4,674.5	4,710.9	4,697.4	-13.5
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,918.1	2,026.9	1,970.6	1,963.5	2,005.4	2,046.7	2,061.5	2,052.2	-9.3
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,445.1	2,609.7	2,525.9	2,527.3	2,563.0	2,627.8	2,649.4	2,645.2	-4.2
Manufacturing	12,521	12,815	12,741	12,765	12,592	12,809	12,830	12,834	4
Durable goods	7,834	8,045	8,023	8,037	7,865	8,036	8,059	8,064	5
Wood products	399.1	406.1	404.0	406.9	404.8	406.2	409.5	411.7	2.2
Nonmetallic mineral products	401.7	415.6	408.7	405.8	413.4	417.6	420.7	417.4	-3.3
Primary metals	377.1	384.0	382.8	383.1	377.6	382.0	382.6	383.2	0.6
Fabricated metal products	1,444.7	1,483.3	1,480.8	1,478.1	1,449.4	1,481.2	1,484.9	1,482.0	-2.9
Machinery	1,102.2	1,137.1	1,137.7	1,142.8	1,102.5	1,137.0	1,139.8	1,143.0	3.2
Computer and electronic products	1,043.4	1,068.3	1,068.4	1,070.8	1,046.8	1,067.6	1,071.4	1,073.9	2.5
Computer and peripheral equipment	154.6	157.9	159.5	160.7	155.6	158.1	159.8	161.1	1.3
Communications equipment	85.9	86.6	85.0	85.1	86.3	86.4	85.4	85.6	0.2
Semiconductors and electronic components	365.8	372.4	373.3	375.2	366.7	372.3	375.0	376.0	1.0
Electronic instruments	403.5	416.8	417.5	416.9	404.3	416.5	417.9	417.8	-0.1
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	33.6	34.6	33.1	32.9	33.9	34.3	33.4	33.3	-0.1
Electrical equipment and appliances	391.4	405.5	403.8	402.7	392.9	404.9	405.0	404.6	-0.4
Transportation equipment(1)	1,679.6	1,735.3	1,733.3	1,739.3	1,679.9	1,731.6	1,735.0	1,738.5	3.5
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	992.6	1,008.4	1,003.1	1,006.4	991.9	1,005.1	1,004.7	1,006.0	1.3
Furniture and related products	393.9	395.3	393.3	395.4	394.7	395.2	395.5	395.8	0.3
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	600.7	614.4	610.6	612.1	603.1	613.1	614.2	614.2	0.0
Nondurable goods	4,687	4,770	4,718	4,728	4,727	4,773	4,771	4,770	-1
Food manufacturing	1,592.9	1,629.0	1,608.7	1,612.9	1,610.9	1,631.7	1,632.9	1,632.8	-0.1
Textile mills	112.5	113.0	111.8	112.0	112.5	112.6	112.1	112.1	0.0
Textile product mills	115.4	116.5	114.1	113.4	116.3	116.1	114.7	114.3	-0.4
Apparel	115.1	108.9	108.6	107.0	114.8	108.4	109.5	106.9	-2.6
Paper and paper products	364.7	370.4	368.3	369.9	364.4	370.7	369.6	369.5	-0.1
Printing and related support activities	432.7	427.8	422.4	420.8	435.5	425.5	424.8	423.6	-1.2
Petroleum and coal products	112.2	114.6	112.0	112.3	117.1	116.7	116.5	117.1	0.6
Chemicals	828.4	850.6	845.7	852.9	831.4	849.4	849.8	855.7	5.9
Plastics and rubber products	725.6	738.3	731.8	735.4	727.5	737.7	736.6	737.0	0.4
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	287.1	301.0	294.5	290.9	296.4	304.5	304.2	300.9	-3.3
Private service-providing	103,912	107,482	105,386	105,793	105,200	106,829	107,056	107,113	57
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,198	28,512	27,705	27,475	27,560	27,788	27,842	27,844	2
Wholesale trade	5,791.3	5,913.6	5,867.6	5,888.1	5,827.3	5,901.3	5,911.3	5,922.2	10.9
Durable goods	3,119.4	3,195.2	3,178.8	3,192.5	3,131.8	3,189.8	3,197.2	3,204.9	7.7
Nondurable goods	2,131.6	2,165.9	2,137.2	2,142.4	2,151.7	2,160.5	2,160.1	2,161.6	1.5
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	540.3	552.5	551.6	553.2	543.8	551.0	554.0	555.7	1.7
Retail trade	15,577.0	16,309.2	15,750.5	15,571.7	15,833.1	15,821.0	15,834.7	15,828.6	-6.1
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,997.3	2,026.1	2,012.6	2,020.7	2,014.1	2,033.8	2,034.3	2,037.4	3.1
Automobile dealers	1,292.5	1,303.5	1,296.4	1,300.5	1,298.2	1,304.9	1,304.0	1,306.0	2.0
Other motor vehicle dealers	150.9	152.4	150.2	151.4	158.2	159.7	160.4	159.0	-1.4
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	553.9	570.2	566.0	568.8	557.8	569.2	570.0	572.3	2.3
Furniture and home furnishings stores	476.8	507.3	495.6	484.7	478.4	484.5	487.9	485.8	-2.1
Electronics and appliance stores	491.1	489.7	479.3	471.0	493.5	474.2	471.8	474.2	2.4
Building material and garden supply stores	1,268.8	1,264.2	1,237.2	1,261.1	1,313.2	1,301.0	1,301.9	1,305.1	3.2
Food and beverage stores	3,056.9	3,138.2	3,094.2	3,089.5	3,084.1	3,107.9	3,109.6	3,113.6	4.0
Health and personal care stores	1,054.6	1,090.0	1,068.0	1,040.5	1,058.8	1,062.3	1,059.7	1,048.0	-11.7
Gasoline stations	918.6	939.9	935.3	932.7	931.7	942.7	947.6	945.6	-2.0
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,324.7	1,477.9	1,358.1	1,305.1	1,369.9	1,348.2	1,352.1	1,352.1	0.0
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	579.1	596.5	568.1	549.3	594.3	542.8	558.9	559.2	0.3
General merchandise stores	3,037.8	3,319.0	3,112.6	3,027.3	3,099.0	3,105.1	3,095.0	3,091.9	-3.1
Department stores	1,123.5	1,280.9	1,167.1	1,103.8	1,151.9	1,142.6	1,142.2	1,133.2	-9.0
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,914.3	2,038.1	1,945.5	1,923.5	1,947.2	1,962.5	1,952.7	1,958.7	6.0
Miscellaneous store retailers	809.6	857.9	815.9	817.8	828.4	842.3	838.7	837.4	-1.3
Nonstore retailers	561.7	602.5	573.6	572.0	567.7	576.2	577.2	578.3	1.1
Transportation and warehousing	5,276.6	5,733.7	5,533.1	5,462.4	5,343.1	5,511.0	5,540.6	5,537.6	-3.0
Air transportation	494.5	506.5	506.5	508.2	499.2	508.3	510.3	512.4	2.1
Rail transportation	211.0	215.0	213.2	213.2	212.7	215.4	215.4	215.0	-0.4
Water transportation	61.1	63.9	63.1	62.5	64.1	64.9	65.2	65.4	0.2
Truck transportation	1,453.2	1,511.7	1,489.6	1,492.4	1,478.4	1,511.6	1,516.7	1,517.6	0.9
Transit and ground passenger transportation	501.1	503.1	493.6	497.9	489.6	487.4	484.4	486.8	2.4
Pipeline transportation	48.7	47.8	47.6	46.9	49.0	47.7	47.7	47.2	-0.5
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	25.8	29.3	24.4	23.6	35.1	34.6	34.2	32.4	-1.8
Support activities for transportation	702.2	726.4	714.9	716.9	706.1	721.3	721.0	720.9	-0.1
Couriers and messengers	679.8	925.5	804.5	724.6	701.5	749.8	764.3	754.6	-9.7
Warehousing and storage	1,099.2	1,204.5	1,175.7	1,176.2	1,107.4	1,170.0	1,181.4	1,185.3	3.9
Utilities	553.1	555.4	554.0	552.5	556.0	554.6	555.7	555.4	-0.3
Information	2,807	2,839	2,769	2,805	2,812	2,827	2,815	2,815	0
Publishing industries, except Internet	728.8	735.5	730.7	732.4	731.0	732.8	733.7	734.7	1.0
Motion picture and sound recording industries	418.8	440.6	393.8	418.7	418.9	439.1	427.3	424.9	-2.4
Broadcasting, except Internet	268.5	271.9	270.1	270.5	269.5	270.4	271.1	271.2	0.1
Telecommunications	766.0	740.5	730.0	732.3	764.2	735.5	732.7	730.4	-2.3
Data processing, hosting and related services	327.6	329.1	326.3	331.3	328.7	329.5	329.7	332.1	2.4
Other information services	297.6	321.6	318.2	319.9	299.2	319.7	320.1	321.7	1.6
Financial activities	8,476	8,622	8,567	8,576	8,528	8,615	8,624	8,630	6
Finance and insurance	6,287.6	6,339.6	6,310.8	6,321.9	6,298.0	6,328.1	6,328.4	6,332.7	4.3
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.3	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.4	19.6	19.6	19.7	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,643.0	2,641.2	2,631.5	2,631.8	2,647.2	2,638.5	2,637.7	2,636.5	-1.2
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,711.3	1,712.1	1,712.4	1,714.1	1,714.1	1,714.5	1,715.7	1,716.8	1.1
Commercial banking	1,321.5	1,313.4	1,313.9	1,314.6	1,322.0	1,315.5	1,316.0	1,315.2	-0.8
Nondepository credit intermediation	620.5	620.6	611.5	609.6	621.6	616.6	613.8	611.6	-2.2
Activities related to credit intermediation	311.2	308.5	307.6	308.1	311.5	307.3	308.2	308.1	-0.1
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	947.4	970.1	959.6	962.4	950.6	966.9	965.2	965.9	0.7
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,677.9	2,708.7	2,700.1	2,708.1	2,680.8	2,703.1	2,705.9	2,710.6	4.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,188.6	2,282.8	2,256.4	2,254.1	2,229.6	2,286.9	2,295.5	2,296.8	1.3
Real estate	1,620.2	1,687.3	1,666.9	1,668.2	1,641.0	1,682.8	1,687.4	1,689.7	2.3
Rental and leasing services	545.8	572.1	566.9	563.3	565.6	580.8	584.9	584.0	-0.9
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	22.6	23.4	22.6	22.6	23.0	23.3	23.2	23.1	-0.1
Professional and business services	20,462	21,345	20,853	20,989	20,774	21,254	21,269	21,311	42
Professional and technical services	9,232.8	9,463.6	9,431.1	9,519.5	9,186.0	9,434.9	9,451.9	9,473.9	22.0
Legal services	1,132.1	1,146.6	1,134.1	1,135.3	1,139.4	1,139.9	1,142.1	1,142.7	0.6
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,100.3	1,030.8	1,088.2	1,143.4	992.5	1,034.3	1,032.4	1,036.5	4.1
Architectural and engineering services	1,442.3	1,494.5	1,476.9	1,484.4	1,462.1	1,495.3	1,498.7	1,504.5	5.8
Specialized design services	140.1	148.6	145.6	147.7	142.0	146.3	147.8	149.4	1.6
Computer systems design and related services	2,088.8	2,164.1	2,160.3	2,168.2	2,088.2	2,162.2	2,164.4	2,167.7	3.3
Management and technical consulting services	1,450.4	1,519.0	1,491.5	1,500.6	1,464.9	1,505.7	1,510.1	1,515.3	5.2
Scientific research and development services	675.9	710.5	708.5	711.3	680.0	710.3	712.8	715.7	2.9
Advertising and related services	483.8	493.1	483.7	488.5	487.6	491.6	491.0	491.9	0.9
Other professional and technical services	719.1	756.4	742.3	740.1	729.3	749.5	752.5	750.3	-2.2
Management of companies and enterprises	2,330.9	2,398.4	2,389.4	2,389.0	2,343.2	2,395.3	2,398.3	2,402.1	3.8
Administrative and waste services	8,898.4	9,483.3	9,032.4	9,080.5	9,245.2	9,423.3	9,418.8	9,434.9	16.1
Administrative and support services	8,478.0	9,038.2	8,590.0	8,637.4	8,817.0	8,976.1	8,969.8	8,984.4	14.6
Office administrative services	509.1	519.3	520.2	518.7	511.0	518.6	522.1	521.1	-1.0
Facilities support services	151.5	155.0	154.8	155.9	152.3	155.3	156.1	156.7	0.6
Employment services(1)	3,505.9	3,860.8	3,555.1	3,585.1	3,647.5	3,731.2	3,723.6	3,729.0	5.4
Temporary help services	2,861.7	3,178.7	2,897.8	2,924.6	2,987.1	3,059.8	3,048.3	3,054.1	5.8
Business support services	900.8	921.2	901.1	896.3	899.2	897.5	897.8	895.3	-2.5
Travel arrangement and reservation services	216.3	213.9	213.8	213.5	219.0	216.5	218.5	216.6	-1.9
Investigation and security services	930.3	954.4	931.4	935.9	939.6	948.1	943.9	947.0	3.1
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,948.3	2,087.6	1,987.1	2,002.6	2,127.5	2,177.2	2,175.3	2,184.7	9.4
Other support services	315.8	326.0	326.5	329.4	321.0	331.6	332.5	333.7	1.2
Waste management and remediation services	420.4	445.1	442.4	443.1	428.2	447.2	449.0	450.5	1.5
Education and health services	23,620	24,092	23,801	24,112	23,481	23,912	23,976	23,980	4
Educational services	3,866.7	3,852.5	3,653.7	3,911.5	3,706.4	3,745.5	3,772.5	3,753.8	-18.7
Health care and social assistance	19,753.1	20,239.8	20,147.2	20,200.4	19,774.7	20,166.1	20,203.4	20,225.9	22.5
Health care(3)	15,851.7	16,248.1	16,175.5	16,212.1	15,883.6	16,184.7	16,223.9	16,244.7	20.8
Ambulatory health care services	7,401.8	7,649.2	7,611.4	7,640.1	7,419.8	7,614.6	7,641.0	7,656.5	15.5
Offices of physicians	2,598.4	2,664.8	2,645.1	2,651.2	2,603.4	2,647.8	2,652.9	2,656.0	3.1
Offices of dentists	941.7	975.5	972.8	975.6	943.4	971.5	974.4	977.0	2.6
Offices of other health practitioners	910.7	957.5	950.7	954.7	914.2	954.0	955.6	958.3	2.7
Outpatient care centers	919.8	956.9	955.7	962.2	920.9	953.9	957.9	962.8	4.9
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	273.3	283.6	286.3	286.4	274.0	282.4	287.1	286.7	-0.4
Home health care services	1,448.7	1,506.7	1,497.0	1,505.5	1,454.4	1,500.3	1,505.7	1,510.4	4.7
Other ambulatory health care services	309.2	304.2	303.8	304.5	309.5	304.7	307.5	305.4	-2.1
Hospitals	5,104.7	5,207.4	5,200.8	5,206.5	5,109.5	5,195.1	5,208.5	5,212.7	4.2
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,345.2	3,391.5	3,363.3	3,365.5	3,354.3	3,375.0	3,374.4	3,375.5	1.1
Nursing care facilities	1,609.2	1,617.5	1,602.3	1,602.3	1,613.5	1,609.2	1,605.6	1,606.2	0.6
Residential mental health facilities	640.7	649.2	643.1	644.1	641.8	647.2	645.5	645.7	0.2
Community care facilities for the elderly	931.2	955.8	949.7	949.3	933.9	949.7	953.5	953.0	-0.5
Other residential care facilities	164.1	169.0	168.2	169.8	165.0	168.9	169.8	170.5	0.7
Social assistance	3,901.4	3,991.7	3,971.7	3,988.3	3,891.1	3,981.4	3,979.5	3,981.2	1.7
Individual and family services	2,430.1	2,503.5	2,491.9	2,497.2	2,429.7	2,502.2	2,500.0	2,499.6	-0.4
Emergency and other relief services	173.3	179.2	176.0	177.2	171.9	177.2	175.7	176.2	0.5
Vocational rehabilitation services	328.3	329.7	324.3	325.4	331.5	330.1	329.2	328.7	-0.5
Child day care services	969.7	979.3	979.5	988.5	958.0	971.9	974.5	976.7	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	15,588	16,213	15,880	15,999	16,233	16,554	16,643	16,643	0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,131.4	2,264.2	2,195.8	2,226.2	2,371.8	2,444.6	2,474.3	2,470.8	-3.5
Performing arts and spectator sports	457.4	494.7	449.7	474.7	501.1	516.0	517.1	520.4	3.3
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	153.6	166.1	159.0	157.8	168.3	174.0	174.4	173.2	-1.2
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,520.4	1,603.4	1,587.1	1,593.7	1,702.4	1,754.6	1,782.8	1,777.2	-5.6
Accommodation and food services	13,456.5	13,949.0	13,684.3	13,773.1	13,861.6	14,109.5	14,168.4	14,172.1	3.7
Accommodation	1,925.2	1,967.8	1,941.0	1,955.1	2,016.0	2,036.0	2,043.6	2,045.7	2.1
Food services and drinking places	11,531.3	11,981.2	11,743.3	11,818.0	11,845.6	12,073.5	12,124.8	12,126.4	1.6
Other services	5,761	5,859	5,811	5,837	5,812	5,879	5,887	5,890	3
Repair and maintenance	1,313.2	1,331.0	1,324.8	1,331.2	1,318.5	1,337.0	1,339.3	1,337.9	-1.4
Personal and laundry services	1,477.7	1,524.6	1,498.2	1,509.4	1,497.2	1,524.2	1,522.4	1,529.5	7.1
Membership associations and organizations	2,970.3	3,003.6	2,987.8	2,996.7	2,996.1	3,018.2	3,025.4	3,022.7	-2.7
Government	22,697	22,840	22,361	22,770	22,400	22,485	22,488	22,483	-5
Federal	2,776.0	2,815.0	2,786.0	2,785.0	2,792.0	2,798.0	2,799.0	2,799.0	0.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,169.7	2,186.9	2,182.4	2,180.5	2,183.9	2,191.9	2,193.6	2,195.3	1.7
U.S. Postal Service	606.3	628.2	603.3	604.6	608.1	606.3	605.0	604.0	-1.0
State government	5,284.0	5,295.0	5,080.0	5,298.0	5,155.0	5,183.0	5,177.0	5,176.0	-1.0
State government education	2,619.6	2,611.8	2,396.8	2,610.3	2,475.6	2,486.7	2,480.0	2,473.8	-6.2
State government, excluding education	2,663.9	2,683.4	2,682.8	2,687.6	2,679.1	2,695.8	2,697.4	2,702.5	5.1
Local government	14,637.0	14,730.0	14,495.0	14,687.0	14,453.0	14,504.0	14,512.0	14,508.0	-4.0
Local government education	8,256.1	8,284.3	8,092.9	8,274.9	7,949.6	7,973.7	7,978.7	7,974.3	-4.4
Local government, excluding education	6,380.9	6,446.1	6,401.7	6,412.3	6,503.1	6,529.9	6,533.5	6,533.9	0.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.5	34.5	34.5	34.4
Goods-producing	40.6	40.6	40.7	40.2
Mining and logging	45.9	46.2	46.2	46.1
Construction	39.3	39.5	39.9	38.9
Manufacturing	41.0	40.9	40.8	40.7
Durable goods	41.4	41.2	41.2	41.0
Nondurable goods	40.3	40.3	40.3	40.2
Private service-providing	33.3	33.3	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.5	34.3	34.3	34.2
Wholesale trade	39.0	39.0	39.0	39.0
Retail trade	31.1	30.6	30.7	30.6
Transportation and warehousing	39.0	38.9	38.7	38.6
Utilities	41.9	42.4	42.3	42.5
Information	36.0	36.3	36.0	36.2
Financial activities	37.6	37.6	37.8	37.8
Professional and business services	36.2	36.1	36.2	36.2
Education and health services	33.0	33.0	33.0	33.0
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	26.0	26.1	26.0
Other services	31.7	31.9	31.9	31.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.5
Durable goods	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.4
Nondurable goods	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)
Total private	$26.75	$27.53	$27.55	$27.66	$922.88	$949.79	$950.48	$951.50
Goods-producing	27.96	28.62	28.53	28.66	1,135.18	1,161.97	1,161.17	1,152.13
Mining and logging	32.19	32.77	32.78	32.86	1,477.52	1,513.97	1,514.44	1,514.85
Construction	29.53	30.42	30.27	30.45	1,160.53	1,201.59	1,207.77	1,184.51
Manufacturing	26.84	27.33	27.26	27.38	1,100.44	1,117.80	1,112.21	1,114.37
Durable goods	28.12	28.82	28.72	28.89	1,164.17	1,187.38	1,183.26	1,184.49
Nondurable goods	24.65	24.77	24.75	24.80	993.40	998.23	997.43	996.96
Private service-providing	26.46	27.27	27.32	27.43	881.12	908.09	909.76	913.42
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23.04	23.79	23.80	23.92	794.88	816.00	816.34	818.06
Wholesale trade	30.13	30.92	30.88	31.03	1,175.07	1,205.88	1,204.32	1,210.17
Retail trade	18.47	19.23	19.33	19.40	574.42	588.44	593.43	593.64
Transportation and warehousing	24.20	24.49	24.42	24.55	943.80	952.66	945.05	947.63
Utilities	39.98	41.68	41.29	41.42	1,675.16	1,767.23	1,746.57	1,760.35
Information	39.15	41.29	41.68	41.71	1,409.40	1,498.83	1,500.48	1,509.90
Financial activities	34.25	35.37	35.44	35.54	1,287.80	1,329.91	1,339.63	1,343.41
Professional and business services	32.10	32.99	33.03	33.17	1,162.02	1,190.94	1,195.69	1,200.75
Education and health services	26.71	27.32	27.42	27.48	881.43	901.56	904.86	906.84
Leisure and hospitality	15.75	16.27	16.29	16.39	411.08	423.02	425.17	426.14
Other services	24.25	24.88	24.99	25.00	768.73	793.67	797.18	797.50
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2019 - Feb. 2019(p)	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2019 - Feb. 2019(p)
Total private	108.8	110.7	110.9	110.6	-0.3	139.2	145.6	146.1	146.3	0.1
Goods-producing	94.8	97.0	97.6	96.2	-1.4	119.8	125.4	125.8	124.6	-1.0
Mining and logging	101.8	109.2	110.2	109.2	-0.9	131.6	143.6	145.0	144.1	-0.6
Construction	97.5	100.8	102.5	99.5	-2.9	125.1	133.2	134.8	131.7	-2.3
Manufacturing	92.9	94.2	94.2	94.0	-0.2	115.9	119.8	119.4	119.7	0.3
Durable goods	91.7	93.2	93.5	93.1	-0.4	114.5	119.3	119.2	119.4	0.2
Nondurable goods	95.1	96.0	96.0	95.7	-0.3	118.9	120.7	120.5	120.4	-0.1
Private service-providing	112.7	114.4	114.7	114.8	0.1	144.9	151.7	152.3	153.0	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103.7	103.9	104.1	103.8	-0.3	128.7	133.3	133.6	133.9	0.2
Wholesale trade	100.2	101.5	101.7	101.9	0.2	126.3	131.3	131.4	132.2	0.6
Retail trade	100.0	98.3	98.7	98.4	-0.3	122.0	124.9	126.1	126.1	0.0
Transportation and warehousing	119.1	122.5	122.6	122.2	-0.3	146.2	152.2	151.8	152.2	0.3
Utilities	100.8	101.7	101.7	102.1	0.4	133.1	140.1	138.7	139.8	0.8
Information	92.5	93.7	92.6	93.1	0.5	128.9	137.8	137.3	138.2	0.7
Financial activities	105.0	106.1	106.8	106.8	0.0	140.3	146.4	147.6	148.1	0.3
Professional and business services	117.9	120.3	120.7	121.0	0.2	153.3	160.7	161.5	162.5	0.6
Education and health services	126.5	128.8	129.2	129.2	0.0	162.6	169.3	170.4	170.8	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	120.9	122.8	123.9	123.5	-0.3	153.6	161.2	162.9	163.3	0.2
Other services	106.2	108.1	108.3	108.3	0.0	141.2	147.4	148.3	148.4	0.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)
Total nonfarm	73,421	74,724	74,898	74,996	49.6	49.7	49.7	49.8
Total private	60,546	61,748	61,913	62,011	48.2	48.3	48.3	48.4
Goods-producing	4,501	4,651	4,673	4,676	22.0	22.2	22.2	22.3
Mining and logging	91	95	96	97	12.9	12.6	12.6	12.9
Construction	918	956	961	961	12.8	12.9	12.9	12.9
Manufacturing	3,492	3,600	3,616	3,618	27.7	28.1	28.2	28.2
Durable goods	1,846	1,911	1,915	1,921	23.5	23.8	23.8	23.8
Nondurable goods	1,646	1,689	1,701	1,697	34.8	35.4	35.7	35.6
Private service-providing	56,045	57,097	57,240	57,335	53.3	53.4	53.5	53.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,073	11,129	11,160	11,167	40.2	40.0	40.1	40.1
Wholesale trade	1,727.7	1,769.5	1,775.6	1,774.9	29.6	30.0	30.0	30.0
Retail trade	7,899.6	7,853.2	7,868.4	7,874.5	49.9	49.6	49.7	49.7
Transportation and warehousing	1,317.1	1,375.5	1,385.4	1,385.3	24.7	25.0	25.0	25.0
Utilities	128.5	130.8	131.0	132.3	23.1	23.6	23.6	23.8
Information	1,111	1,115	1,113	1,118	39.5	39.4	39.5	39.7
Financial activities	4,821	4,868	4,876	4,882	56.5	56.5	56.5	56.6
Professional and business services	9,376	9,648	9,642	9,677	45.1	45.4	45.3	45.4
Education and health services	18,074	18,462	18,500	18,520	77.0	77.2	77.2	77.2
Leisure and hospitality	8,506	8,736	8,801	8,823	52.4	52.8	52.9	53.0
Other services	3,084	3,139	3,148	3,148	53.1	53.4	53.5	53.4
Government	12,875	12,976	12,985	12,985	57.5	57.7	57.7	57.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)
Total private	103,549	105,244	105,508	105,486
Goods-producing	14,736	15,063	15,130	15,095
Mining and logging	523	559	566	562
Construction	5,376	5,517	5,560	5,518
Manufacturing	8,837	8,987	9,004	9,015
Durable goods	5,404	5,540	5,560	5,571
Nondurable goods	3,433	3,447	3,444	3,444
Private service-providing	88,813	90,181	90,378	90,391
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,300	23,488	23,563	23,532
Wholesale trade	4,680.3	4,743.6	4,753.4	4,763.8
Retail trade	13,533.0	13,497.2	13,522.1	13,496.3
Transportation and warehousing	4,641.1	4,803.2	4,842.8	4,829.5
Utilities	446.0	443.7	444.8	442.7
Information	2,260	2,285	2,266	2,267
Financial activities	6,611	6,672	6,681	6,684
Professional and business services	16,915	17,340	17,346	17,389
Education and health services	20,632	20,984	21,051	21,039
Leisure and hospitality	14,285	14,541	14,596	14,604
Other services	4,810	4,871	4,875	4,876
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.8	33.7	33.8	33.6
Goods-producing	41.5	41.4	41.6	41.0
Mining and logging	47.0	46.7	46.6	46.8
Construction	39.8	39.9	40.5	39.0
Manufacturing	42.2	42.0	42.0	41.8
Durable goods	42.6	42.5	42.4	42.1
Nondurable goods	41.7	41.3	41.5	41.3
Private service-providing	32.5	32.4	32.5	32.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	33.7	33.9	33.7
Wholesale trade	38.9	38.8	38.8	38.7
Retail trade	30.3	30.1	30.4	30.2
Transportation and warehousing	38.5	38.2	38.0	37.8
Utilities	42.6	42.6	42.6	42.4
Information	35.7	35.6	35.5	35.6
Financial activities	37.0	36.9	37.1	37.0
Professional and business services	35.4	35.4	35.5	35.4
Education and health services	32.3	32.2	32.2	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	25.0	24.8	24.9	24.8
Other services	30.7	30.9	30.8	30.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.4
Durable goods	4.8	4.6	4.6	4.4
Nondurable goods	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.3
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)
Total private	$22.40	$23.09	$23.10	$23.18	$757.12	$778.13	$780.78	$778.85
Goods-producing	23.72	24.38	24.41	24.43	984.38	1,009.33	1,015.46	1,001.63
Mining and logging	27.74	28.71	29.02	28.97	1,303.78	1,340.76	1,352.33	1,355.80
Construction	27.41	28.20	28.17	28.32	1,090.92	1,125.18	1,140.89	1,104.48
Manufacturing	21.34	21.85	21.84	21.90	900.55	917.70	917.28	915.42
Durable goods	22.29	22.81	22.79	22.86	949.55	969.43	966.30	962.41
Nondurable goods	19.80	20.25	20.28	20.31	825.66	836.33	841.62	838.80
Private service-providing	22.12	22.82	22.82	22.92	718.90	739.37	741.65	742.61
Trade, transportation, and utilities	19.52	20.32	20.21	20.32	661.73	684.78	685.12	684.78
Wholesale trade	24.74	25.70	25.52	25.75	962.39	997.16	990.18	996.53
Retail trade	15.52	16.28	16.23	16.30	470.26	490.03	493.39	492.26
Transportation and warehousing	21.60	22.13	22.07	22.12	831.60	845.37	838.66	836.14
Utilities	36.43	37.12	36.81	36.89	1,551.92	1,581.31	1,568.11	1,564.14
Information	31.32	32.95	33.05	33.20	1,118.12	1,173.02	1,173.28	1,181.92
Financial activities	26.76	27.26	27.30	27.47	990.12	1,005.89	1,012.83	1,016.39
Professional and business services	26.45	27.16	27.18	27.28	936.33	961.46	964.89	965.71
Education and health services	23.39	23.97	24.04	24.09	755.50	771.83	774.09	775.70
Leisure and hospitality	13.64	14.17	14.23	14.27	341.00	351.42	354.33	353.90
Other services	20.50	21.10	21.23	21.24	629.35	651.99	653.88	654.19
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2019 - Feb. 2019(p)	Feb. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019(p)	Feb. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Jan. 2019 - Feb. 2019(p)
Total private	116.6	118.2	118.8	118.1	-0.6	174.6	182.3	183.4	182.9	-0.3
Goods-producing	93.5	95.3	96.2	94.6	-1.7	135.7	142.3	143.8	141.5	-1.6
Mining and logging	130.6	138.7	140.2	139.8	-0.3	210.7	231.6	236.6	235.5	-0.5
Construction	107.1	110.2	112.7	107.8	-4.3	158.6	167.8	171.5	164.8	-3.9
Manufacturing	85.6	86.6	86.8	86.5	-0.3	119.5	123.8	124.0	123.9	-0.1
Durable goods	86.5	88.5	88.6	88.1	-0.6	120.3	126.0	126.0	125.7	-0.2
Nondurable goods	84.3	83.9	84.2	83.8	-0.5	118.0	120.0	120.7	120.3	-0.3
Private service-providing	122.9	124.4	125.1	124.7	-0.3	186.5	194.7	195.8	196.0	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	110.3	110.5	111.5	110.7	-0.7	153.7	160.4	160.9	160.7	-0.1
Wholesale trade	108.1	109.2	109.5	109.4	-0.1	157.8	165.7	164.9	166.3	0.8
Retail trade	103.8	102.8	104.0	103.1	-0.9	138.0	143.4	144.7	144.1	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing	134.4	138.0	138.4	137.3	-0.8	184.1	193.7	193.7	192.6	-0.6
Utilities	97.2	96.7	96.9	96.0	-0.9	147.8	149.8	148.9	147.8	-0.7
Information	92.1	92.8	91.8	92.1	0.3	142.8	151.4	150.2	151.4	0.8
Financial activities	115.2	115.9	116.7	116.4	-0.3	189.6	194.4	196.0	196.8	0.4
Professional and business services	133.9	137.2	137.7	137.6	-0.1	210.6	221.7	222.5	223.3	0.4
Education and health services	142.1	144.1	144.5	144.4	-0.1	219.4	227.9	229.3	229.7	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	130.8	132.1	133.1	132.7	-0.3	202.6	212.6	215.1	215.0	0.0
Other services	103.6	105.6	105.3	105.3	0.0	154.7	162.3	162.9	163.0	0.1
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.