Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 09-0328
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release
http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, April 3, 2009.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MARCH 2009
Nonfarm payroll employment continued to decline sharply in March (-663,000),
and the unemployment rate rose from 8.1 to 8.5 percent, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Since the recession
began in December 2007, 5.1 million jobs have been lost, with almost two-thirds
(3.3 million) of the decrease occurring in the last 5 months. In March, job
losses were large and widespread across the major industry sectors.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
In March, the number of unemployed persons increased by 694,000 to 13.2 mil-
lion, and the unemployment rate rose to 8.5 percent. Over the past 12 months,
the number of unemployed persons has grown by about 5.3 million, and the unem-
ployment rate has risen by 3.4 percentage points. Half of the increase in both
the number of unemployed and the unemployment rate occurred in the last 4 months.
(See table A-1.)
The unemployment rates continued to trend upward in March for adult men (8.8
percent), adult women (7.0 percent), whites (7.9 percent), and Hispanics (11.4
percent). The jobless rates for blacks (13.3 percent) and teenagers (21.7 per-
cent) were little changed over the month. The unemployment rate for Asians was
6.4 percent in March, not seasonally adjusted, up from 3.6 percent a year earlier.
(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed tem-
porary jobs increased by 547,000 to 8.2 million in March. This group has nearly
doubled in size over the past 12 months. (See table A-8.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) rose
to 3.2 million over the month and has increased by about 1.9 million since the
start of the recession in December 2007. (See table A-9.)
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
_______________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data | Feb.-
Category |_________________|__________________________| Mar.
| | | | | | change
| IV | I | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 |
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Civilian labor force ....| 154,648| 153,993| 153,716| 154,214| 154,048| -166
Employment ............| 144,046| 141,578| 142,099| 141,748| 140,887| -861
Unemployment ..........| 10,602| 12,415| 11,616| 12,467| 13,161| 694
Not in labor force ......| 80,177| 80,920| 81,023| 80,699| 81,038| 339
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Unemployment rates
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
All workers .............| 6.9| 8.1| 7.6| 8.1| 8.5| 0.4
Adult men .............| 6.8| 8.2| 7.6| 8.1| 8.8| .7
Adult women ...........| 5.6| 6.7| 6.2| 6.7| 7.0| .3
Teenagers .............| 20.7| 21.3| 20.8| 21.6| 21.7| .1
White .................| 6.3| 7.4| 6.9| 7.3| 7.9| .6
Black or African | | | | | |
American ............| 11.5| 13.1| 12.6| 13.4| 13.3| -.1
Hispanic or Latino | | | | | |
ethnicity ...........| 8.9| 10.7| 9.7| 10.9| 11.4| .5
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Nonfarm employment.......| 135,727|p133,678| 134,333|p133,682|p133,019| p-663
Goods-producing (1)....| 20,803| p19,835| 20,127| p19,842| p19,537| p-305
Construction ........| 6,949| p6,593| 6,706| p6,599| p6,473| p-126
Manufacturing .......| 13,062| p12,474| 12,640| p12,471| p12,310| p-161
Service-providing (1)..| 114,924|p113,843| 114,206|p113,840|p113,482| p-358
Retail trade (2)...| 15,127| p14,942| 14,992| p14,941| p14,893| p-48
Professional and | | | | | |
business services .| 17,485| p17,042| 17,205| p17,027| p16,894| p-133
Education and health | | | | | |
services ..........| 19,035| p19,136| 19,119| p19,141| p19,149| p8
Leisure and | | | | | |
hospitality .......| 13,348| p13,236| 13,268| p13,240| p13,200| p-40
Government ..........| 22,538| p22,540| 22,540| p22,543| p22,538| p-5
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Hours of work (3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 33.4| p33.3| 33.3| p33.3| p33.2| p-0.1
Manufacturing .........| 40.2| p39.5| 39.8| p39.5| p39.3| p-.2
Overtime ............| 3.2| p2.8| 2.9| p2.7| p2.7| p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 104.1| p101.8| 102.5| p101.9| p100.9| p-1.0
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Earnings (3)
|_____________________________________________________
Average hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| $18.34| p$18.47| $18.43| p$18.47| p$18.50| p$0.03
Average weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| 612.55| p614.32| 613.72| p615.05| p614.20| p-.85
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using
unrounded data.
3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.
p = preliminary.
- 3 -
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
The civilian labor force participation rate (65.5 percent) was little changed
in March. The employment-population ratio fell by 0.4 percentage point to 59.9
percent. The employment-population ratio for adult men was 68.2 percent in March,
down 4.3 percentage points since December 2007. The employment-population ratio
for adult women was 56.8 percent, down 1.3 percentage points since the beginning
of the recession. (See table A-1.)
In March, the number of persons working part time for economic reasons (some-
times referred to as involuntary part-time workers) climbed by 423,000 to 9.0
million. (See table A-5.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 2.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached
to the labor force in March, 754,000 more than a year earlier. These individ-
uals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in
the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally
attached, there were 685,000 discouraged workers in March, up by 284,000 from
a year earlier. Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work
because they believe no jobs are available for them. The other 1.4 million
persons marginally attached to the labor force in March had not searched for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance
or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment continued to fall sharply (-663,000) in
March. Payroll employment has declined by 3.3 million in the past 5 months.
In March, job losses were large and extended across nearly all major industry
sectors. (See table B-1.)
Manufacturing employment fell by 161,000 in March, with widespread job losses
occurring among the component industries. Factory employment has declined by
1.0 million over the past 6 months. In March, the largest decreases occurred
in fabricated metal products (-28,000), machinery (-27,000), and transportation
equipment (-26,000).
The construction industry lost 126,000 jobs in March, with declines occur-
ring throughout the industry. Employment in construction has fallen by 1.3 mil-
lion since peaking in January 2007; nearly half of that decline occurred over
the last 5 months. In March, employment fell in specialty trade contractors
(-83,000) and construction of buildings (-33,000). These declines were split
about evenly between the residential and nonresidential portions of these in-
dustries. Heavy and civil engineering construction also lost 10,000 jobs. Em-
ployment in mining and logging declined by 18,000 in March.
- 4 -
Employment in professional and business services fell by 133,000 in March,
with declines throughout most of the sector. More than half of the loss occurred
in temporary help services, which cut 72,000 jobs in March and 767,000 since
December 2007. In March, architectural and engineering services lost 16,000 jobs.
Retail trade employment fell by 48,000 over the month. Since peaking in
November 2007, employment in the industry has declined by an average of 44,000
per month. In March, employment decreased in building material and garden
supply stores (-13,000), automobile dealerships (-12,000), and electronics and
appliance stores (-10,000). Employment in wholesale trade fell by 31,000 in
March, with nearly all of the decline occurring in durable goods.
Employment in financial activities continued to decline in March (-43,000).
The number of jobs in this industry has dropped by 495,000 since an employment
peak in December 2006. More than half of this loss occurred in the past 7
months. In March, job losses occurred in credit intermediation (-15,000); real
estate (-12,000); and securities, commodity contracts, and investments (-7,000).
Leisure and hospitality shed 40,000 jobs in March, with most of the decrease
in the accommodation industry (-23,000). The leisure and hospitality industry
has lost 351,000 jobs since an employment peak in December 2007.
Transportation and warehousing lost 34,000 jobs in March, raising total job
losses to 265,000 since employment peaked in December 2007. In March, employ-
ment declined in truck transportation (-15,000), support activities for trans-
portation (-7,000), and couriers and messengers (-5,000). Health care employ-
ment continued to trend up in March (14,000); however, monthly job growth in
the first quarter averaged 17,000 compared with 30,000 per month in 2008.
The change in total nonfarm employment for January was revised from -655,000
to -741,000, while the change for February remained -651,000. Monthly revisions
result from additional sample reports and the monthly recalculation of seasonal
factors.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
In March, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 hour to 33.2 hours, seasonally adjusted--the
lowest level on record for the series, which began in 1964. The manufacturing
workweek decreased by 0.2 hour to 39.3 hours, and factory overtime was unchanged
at 2.7 hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 1.0 percent in March. The manufacturing index
declined by 2.1 percent over the month. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
In March, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls rose by 3 cents, or 0.2 percent, seasonally adjusted.
This followed a gain of 4 cents in February. Over the past 12 months, average hour-
ly earnings increased by 3.4 percent, and average weekly earnings rose by 1.5 per-
cent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for April 2009 is scheduled to be released on Friday,
May 8, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
- 5 -
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The estab-
lishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea-
surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 107,000 is
statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for
a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.
However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establish-
ment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the
establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of
employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the
legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include
at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many
are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about
whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these ques-
tions show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.6 percent of the labor
force in 2008.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the
time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey
revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the
survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on
the monthly revisions, please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark
revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts
available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps
to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.
gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment esti-
mate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to
achieve that goal.
- 6 -
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs
impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net
impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into
the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its
appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of
households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and
available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary
layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no
requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the
monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force
who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of
labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially
counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news
release.
- 7 -
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households con-
ducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours,
and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS
in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses
and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites.
The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The
sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calen-
dar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey,
the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not
correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work
and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household
is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their
jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or
personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those
not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemploy-
ment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor
force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the
employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
- 8 -
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm
businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay
for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons
are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private busi-
nesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and non-
supervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on
the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the
North American Industry Classification System.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important dis-
tinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid
family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are
excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The
establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The
establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals
are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment
survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than
one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of
employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the
opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-
month changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics
from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as de-
clines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place rela-
tive to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has
risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in pre-
vious years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow
for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
- 9 -
Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or
more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data
are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of con-
fidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are
generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment
from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the
estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The
90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to
530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are
off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes
values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in
fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then
all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero.
In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had,
in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for
the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower stan-
dard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the
data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal
adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
- 10 -
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a seg-
ment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or pro-
cessing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are
based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly esti-
mate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inabil-
ity to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two
components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business
deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-
based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out
of business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The
second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net
birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series
used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance uni-
verse micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths
over the past five years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year
(on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administra-
tive records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March
sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark
revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also
incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute
benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range
from 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 232,995 234,913 235,086 232,995 234,828 235,035 234,739 234,913 235,086
Civilian labor force....................... 153,135 153,804 153,728 153,843 154,620 154,447 153,716 154,214 154,048
Participation rate................... 65.7 65.5 65.4 66.0 65.8 65.7 65.5 65.6 65.5
Employed................................. 145,108 140,105 139,833 146,023 144,144 143,338 142,099 141,748 140,887
Employment-population ratio.......... 62.3 59.6 59.5 62.7 61.4 61.0 60.5 60.3 59.9
Unemployed............................... 8,027 13,699 13,895 7,820 10,476 11,108 11,616 12,467 13,161
Unemployment rate.................... 5.2 8.9 9.0 5.1 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.5
Not in labor force......................... 79,860 81,109 81,358 79,152 80,208 80,588 81,023 80,699 81,038
Persons who currently want a job......... 4,492 5,588 5,535 4,747 5,393 5,488 5,643 5,645 5,814
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 112,695 113,666 113,758 112,695 113,660 113,769 113,573 113,666 113,758
Civilian labor force....................... 81,849 81,959 81,839 82,235 82,666 82,338 81,863 81,994 81,804
Participation rate................... 72.6 72.1 71.9 73.0 72.7 72.4 72.1 72.1 71.9
Employed................................. 77,198 73,441 73,195 77,985 76,577 75,847 75,092 74,777 74,053
Employment-population ratio.......... 68.5 64.6 64.3 69.2 67.4 66.7 66.1 65.8 65.1
Unemployed............................... 4,651 8,517 8,644 4,250 6,089 6,491 6,771 7,217 7,751
Unemployment rate.................... 5.7 10.4 10.6 5.2 7.4 7.9 8.3 8.8 9.5
Not in labor force......................... 30,846 31,707 31,919 30,460 30,994 31,431 31,710 31,672 31,954
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 104,052 104,999 105,095 104,052 104,978 105,083 104,902 104,999 105,095
Civilian labor force....................... 78,691 78,879 78,826 78,866 79,335 78,998 78,585 78,687 78,578
Participation rate................... 75.6 75.1 75.0 75.8 75.6 75.2 74.9 74.9 74.8
Employed................................. 74,620 71,217 70,984 75,216 74,045 73,285 72,613 72,293 71,655
Employment-population ratio.......... 71.7 67.8 67.5 72.3 70.5 69.7 69.2 68.9 68.2
Unemployed............................... 4,071 7,662 7,842 3,650 5,290 5,714 5,972 6,394 6,923
Unemployment rate.................... 5.2 9.7 9.9 4.6 6.7 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.8
Not in labor force......................... 25,362 26,120 26,269 25,186 25,643 26,085 26,318 26,312 26,516
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 120,300 121,247 121,328 120,300 121,168 121,266 121,166 121,247 121,328
Civilian labor force....................... 71,286 71,846 71,889 71,608 71,954 72,109 71,853 72,220 72,244
Participation rate................... 59.3 59.3 59.3 59.5 59.4 59.5 59.3 59.6 59.5
Employed................................. 67,911 66,664 66,638 68,038 67,567 67,491 67,007 66,970 66,834
Employment-population ratio.......... 56.5 55.0 54.9 56.6 55.8 55.7 55.3 55.2 55.1
Unemployed............................... 3,376 5,182 5,251 3,570 4,387 4,618 4,845 5,250 5,410
Unemployment rate.................... 4.7 7.2 7.3 5.0 6.1 6.4 6.7 7.3 7.5
Not in labor force......................... 49,014 49,401 49,438 48,692 49,214 49,157 49,313 49,027 49,084
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 111,902 112,824 112,908 111,902 112,731 112,825 112,738 112,824 112,908
Civilian labor force....................... 68,115 68,738 68,883 68,174 68,753 68,891 68,584 68,917 68,977
Participation rate................... 60.9 60.9 61.0 60.9 61.0 61.1 60.8 61.1 61.1
Employed................................. 65,142 64,106 64,123 65,079 64,902 64,860 64,298 64,271 64,148
Employment-population ratio.......... 58.2 56.8 56.8 58.2 57.6 57.5 57.0 57.0 56.8
Unemployed............................... 2,974 4,632 4,760 3,095 3,851 4,031 4,286 4,646 4,828
Unemployment rate.................... 4.4 6.7 6.9 4.5 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.7 7.0
Not in labor force......................... 43,786 44,086 44,025 43,728 43,978 43,935 44,154 43,907 43,931
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 17,041 17,090 17,083 17,041 17,118 17,126 17,098 17,090 17,083
Civilian labor force....................... 6,329 6,187 6,019 6,803 6,531 6,557 6,547 6,610 6,493
Participation rate................... 37.1 36.2 35.2 39.9 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.7 38.0
Employed................................. 5,347 4,783 4,726 5,729 5,196 5,194 5,188 5,184 5,083
Employment-population ratio.......... 31.4 28.0 27.7 33.6 30.4 30.3 30.3 30.3 29.8
Unemployed............................... 982 1,405 1,293 1,075 1,335 1,363 1,359 1,427 1,410
Unemployment rate.................... 15.5 22.7 21.5 15.8 20.4 20.8 20.8 21.6 21.7
Not in labor force......................... 10,712 10,903 11,064 10,237 10,587 10,568 10,551 10,480 10,590
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 189,019 190,331 190,436 189,019 190,221 190,351 190,225 190,331 190,436
Civilian labor force....................... 124,679 125,528 125,433 125,208 126,029 125,634 125,312 125,703 125,599
Participation rate..................... 66.0 66.0 65.9 66.2 66.3 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.0
Employed................................. 118,827 115,182 114,831 119,580 118,226 117,357 116,692 116,481 115,693
Employment-population ratio............ 62.9 60.5 60.3 63.3 62.2 61.7 61.3 61.2 60.8
Unemployed............................... 5,853 10,346 10,602 5,628 7,803 8,277 8,621 9,222 9,906
Unemployment rate...................... 4.7 8.2 8.5 4.5 6.2 6.6 6.9 7.3 7.9
Not in labor force......................... 64,339 64,803 65,003 63,811 64,193 64,718 64,913 64,628 64,837
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 65,292 65,342 65,363 65,326 65,762 65,331 65,126 65,180 65,032
Participation rate..................... 76.1 75.6 75.5 76.2 76.1 75.5 75.4 75.4 75.2
Employed................................. 62,214 59,471 59,307 62,635 61,761 61,101 60,683 60,361 59,811
Employment-population ratio............ 72.5 68.8 68.5 73.0 71.5 70.7 70.2 69.8 69.1
Unemployed............................... 3,078 5,872 6,056 2,691 4,001 4,230 4,443 4,819 5,221
Unemployment rate...................... 4.7 9.0 9.3 4.1 6.1 6.5 6.8 7.4 8.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 54,201 54,995 54,997 54,303 54,810 54,878 54,786 54,967 55,115
Participation rate..................... 60.1 60.6 60.5 60.2 60.4 60.5 60.4 60.5 60.7
Employed................................. 52,093 51,585 51,462 52,101 52,014 51,846 51,601 51,624 51,519
Employment-population ratio............ 57.8 56.8 56.6 57.8 57.3 57.1 56.9 56.9 56.7
Unemployed............................... 2,108 3,411 3,535 2,202 2,796 3,031 3,185 3,344 3,596
Unemployment rate...................... 3.9 6.2 6.4 4.1 5.1 5.5 5.8 6.1 6.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 5,187 5,190 5,073 5,579 5,457 5,425 5,400 5,556 5,452
Participation rate..................... 39.7 39.7 38.8 42.7 41.6 41.4 41.3 42.5 41.7
Employed................................. 4,519 4,126 4,062 4,845 4,451 4,409 4,408 4,497 4,363
Employment-population ratio............ 34.6 31.5 31.1 37.1 34.0 33.6 33.7 34.4 33.4
Unemployed............................... 667 1,064 1,010 734 1,006 1,016 993 1,059 1,089
Unemployment rate...................... 12.9 20.5 19.9 13.2 18.4 18.7 18.4 19.1 20.0
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 27,709 28,085 28,118 27,709 28,021 28,059 28,052 28,085 28,118
Civilian labor force....................... 17,601 17,534 17,429 17,688 17,708 17,796 17,791 17,703 17,542
Participation rate..................... 63.5 62.4 62.0 63.8 63.2 63.4 63.4 63.0 62.4
Employed................................. 16,010 15,108 15,074 16,090 15,703 15,674 15,546 15,336 15,212
Employment-population ratio............ 57.8 53.8 53.6 58.1 56.0 55.9 55.4 54.6 54.1
Unemployed............................... 1,591 2,426 2,355 1,598 2,005 2,122 2,245 2,368 2,330
Unemployment rate...................... 9.0 13.8 13.5 9.0 11.3 11.9 12.6 13.4 13.3
Not in labor force......................... 10,109 10,551 10,689 10,022 10,313 10,263 10,261 10,382 10,576
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 7,839 7,904 7,850 7,913 7,954 7,999 7,979 7,949 7,917
Participation rate..................... 70.4 70.0 69.4 71.1 70.5 70.8 70.7 70.4 70.0
Employed................................. 7,140 6,632 6,566 7,237 6,989 6,930 6,850 6,762 6,700
Employment-population ratio............ 64.1 58.7 58.0 65.0 62.0 61.4 60.7 59.9 59.2
Unemployed............................... 698 1,273 1,284 676 965 1,069 1,129 1,187 1,218
Unemployment rate...................... 8.9 16.1 16.4 8.5 12.1 13.4 14.1 14.9 15.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 9,032 8,944 8,935 9,012 9,069 9,060 9,022 9,006 8,932
Participation rate..................... 64.9 63.4 63.3 64.8 64.5 64.4 64.1 63.9 63.3
Employed................................. 8,368 8,052 8,071 8,326 8,249 8,256 8,194 8,115 8,045
Employment-population ratio............ 60.2 57.1 57.2 59.8 58.7 58.7 58.2 57.6 57.0
Unemployed............................... 664 891 864 686 820 804 828 890 887
Unemployment rate...................... 7.3 10.0 9.7 7.6 9.0 8.9 9.2 9.9 9.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 730 686 644 762 685 736 790 749 692
Participation rate..................... 27.4 25.5 23.9 28.6 25.5 27.4 29.4 27.8 25.7
Employed................................. 501 424 437 527 464 488 502 459 467
Employment-population ratio............ 18.8 15.8 16.2 19.8 17.3 18.1 18.6 17.0 17.4
Unemployed............................... 229 262 207 235 221 248 288 290 225
Unemployment rate...................... 31.3 38.2 32.2 30.8 32.2 33.7 36.5 38.8 32.5
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 10,645 10,753 10,778 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Civilian labor force....................... 7,184 7,086 7,111 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 67.5 65.9 66.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 6,928 6,597 6,656 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 65.1 61.4 61.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 256 489 455 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 3.6 6.9 6.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Not in labor force......................... 3,462 3,667 3,667 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 31,820 32,501 32,585 31,820 32,558 32,649 32,417 32,501 32,585
Civilian labor force....................... 21,750 22,044 22,188 21,778 22,074 22,134 21,931 22,100 22,175
Participation rate..................... 68.4 67.8 68.1 68.4 67.8 67.8 67.7 68.0 68.1
Employed................................. 20,162 19,388 19,485 20,251 20,168 20,096 19,800 19,684 19,640
Employment-population ratio............ 63.4 59.7 59.8 63.6 61.9 61.6 61.1 60.6 60.3
Unemployed............................... 1,588 2,657 2,703 1,527 1,906 2,038 2,132 2,416 2,536
Unemployment rate...................... 7.3 12.1 12.2 7.0 8.6 9.2 9.7 10.9 11.4
Not in labor force......................... 10,071 10,457 10,397 10,042 10,484 10,515 10,486 10,401 10,410
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 12,554 12,557 12,648 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 84.7 83.1 83.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 11,655 11,027 11,110 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 78.6 72.9 73.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 899 1,530 1,538 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 7.2 12.2 12.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,100 8,438 8,567 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 57.9 59.0 59.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 7,606 7,578 7,645 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 54.4 53.0 53.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 494 860 922 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 6.1 10.2 10.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 1,096 1,050 974 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 36.5 34.0 31.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 900 782 731 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 30.0 25.3 23.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 195 267 243 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 17.8 25.5 24.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force......................... 12,032 11,898 12,102 12,043 12,185 12,108 12,024 11,955 11,997
Participation rate....................... 45.9 46.1 46.1 46.0 47.2 46.4 45.9 46.4 45.7
Employed................................... 10,894 10,097 10,220 11,050 10,899 10,793 10,577 10,445 10,399
Employment-population ratio.............. 41.6 39.2 38.9 42.2 42.2 41.4 40.4 40.5 39.6
Unemployed................................. 1,138 1,801 1,882 993 1,286 1,315 1,446 1,510 1,598
Unemployment rate........................ 9.5 15.1 15.5 8.2 10.6 10.9 12.0 12.6 13.3
High school graduates, no college (1)
Civilian labor force......................... 38,148 38,497 38,516 38,021 38,271 38,656 38,675 38,463 38,434
Participation rate....................... 62.7 62.3 62.4 62.4 62.3 62.5 62.4 62.2 62.3
Employed................................... 36,027 34,791 34,661 36,099 35,643 35,683 35,599 35,270 34,981
Employment-population ratio.............. 59.2 56.3 56.2 59.3 58.1 57.6 57.4 57.1 56.7
Unemployed................................. 2,121 3,706 3,854 1,922 2,628 2,972 3,075 3,193 3,454
Unemployment rate........................ 5.6 9.6 10.0 5.1 6.9 7.7 8.0 8.3 9.0
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force......................... 36,489 37,267 36,872 36,528 37,120 37,049 36,693 37,362 36,921
Participation rate....................... 72.0 71.9 71.7 72.0 71.6 72.0 72.0 72.1 71.8
Employed................................... 34,990 34,421 34,011 35,099 35,077 34,969 34,433 34,738 34,267
Employment-population ratio.............. 69.0 66.4 66.1 69.2 67.7 68.0 67.6 67.1 66.6
Unemployed................................. 1,498 2,846 2,861 1,428 2,043 2,080 2,260 2,624 2,653
Unemployment rate........................ 4.1 7.6 7.8 3.9 5.5 5.6 6.2 7.0 7.2
Bachelor's degree and higher (2)
Civilian labor force......................... 45,375 45,078 45,304 45,377 45,232 45,182 45,208 45,027 45,401
Participation rate....................... 78.5 77.7 77.9 78.5 77.7 77.9 77.8 77.6 78.1
Employed................................... 44,451 43,190 43,377 44,410 43,794 43,517 43,474 43,177 43,431
Employment-population ratio.............. 76.9 74.5 74.6 76.8 75.3 75.0 74.8 74.4 74.7
Unemployed................................. 923 1,888 1,927 967 1,438 1,665 1,735 1,850 1,970
Unemployment rate........................ 2.0 4.2 4.3 2.1 3.2 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.3
1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries........... 2,057 1,961 1,930 2,191 2,206 2,191 2,149 2,148 2,050
Wage and salary workers.................... 1,218 1,126 1,061 1,326 1,267 1,264 1,233 1,244 1,167
Self-employed workers...................... 816 817 847 848 915 925 903 875 875
Unpaid family workers...................... 23 18 22 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Nonagricultural industries................... 143,051 138,144 137,903 143,821 141,901 141,047 139,952 139,579 138,842
Wage and salary workers.................... 133,849 129,232 128,782 134,449 132,983 132,082 131,110 130,465 129,478
Government............................... 21,484 21,158 21,072 21,245 21,431 21,395 21,237 21,192 20,904
Private industries....................... 112,365 108,075 107,711 113,192 111,542 110,684 109,997 109,311 108,674
Private households..................... 744 719 738 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Other industries....................... 111,621 107,356 106,972 112,422 110,677 109,863 109,217 108,574 107,898
Self-employed workers...................... 9,103 8,859 9,063 9,242 8,816 8,940 8,816 8,962 9,184
Unpaid family workers...................... 99 53 57 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 5,038 9,170 9,305 4,937 7,323 8,038 7,839 8,626 9,049
Slack work or business conditions........ 3,404 7,067 7,103 3,349 5,399 6,020 5,766 6,443 6,857
Could only find part-time work........... 1,382 1,827 1,969 1,364 1,585 1,617 1,667 1,764 1,839
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 19,853 19,296 19,228 19,402 18,886 18,922 18,864 18,855 18,833
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,911 9,053 9,168 4,826 7,209 7,932 7,705 8,543 8,942
Slack work or business conditions........ 3,313 6,989 7,005 3,276 5,304 5,938 5,660 6,390 6,773
Could only find part-time work........... 1,370 1,822 1,957 1,354 1,579 1,619 1,658 1,760 1,850
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 19,553 18,977 18,892 19,078 18,635 18,642 18,567 18,562 18,493
1 Data not available.
2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as
vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked
only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 145,108 140,105 139,833 146,023 144,144 143,338 142,099 141,748 140,887
16 to 19 years............................. 5,347 4,783 4,726 5,729 5,196 5,194 5,188 5,184 5,083
16 to 17 years........................... 1,904 1,667 1,569 2,116 1,791 1,779 1,741 1,854 1,755
18 to 19 years........................... 3,443 3,116 3,157 3,585 3,408 3,413 3,441 3,348 3,300
20 years and over.......................... 139,762 135,323 135,107 140,294 138,948 138,144 136,911 136,564 135,804
20 to 24 years........................... 13,399 12,823 12,838 13,665 13,443 13,374 13,050 13,157 13,090
25 years and over........................ 126,363 122,500 122,269 126,503 125,422 124,748 123,911 123,302 122,662
25 to 54 years......................... 99,686 95,530 95,268 99,894 98,373 97,651 96,693 96,255 95,720
25 to 34 years....................... 31,388 30,003 29,942 31,523 31,070 30,864 30,449 30,369 30,211
35 to 44 years....................... 33,731 31,844 31,654 33,776 32,883 32,691 32,308 31,999 31,746
45 to 54 years....................... 34,567 33,683 33,672 34,595 34,420 34,097 33,936 33,888 33,763
55 years and over...................... 26,677 26,970 27,000 26,610 27,049 27,096 27,218 27,047 26,942
Men, 16 years and over....................... 77,198 73,441 73,195 77,985 76,577 75,847 75,092 74,777 74,053
16 to 19 years............................. 2,578 2,224 2,211 2,769 2,531 2,562 2,479 2,484 2,398
16 to 17 years........................... 864 716 709 970 800 847 818 837 803
18 to 19 years........................... 1,714 1,508 1,502 1,784 1,728 1,712 1,654 1,640 1,579
20 years and over.......................... 74,620 71,217 70,984 75,216 74,045 73,285 72,613 72,293 71,655
20 to 24 years........................... 7,099 6,565 6,478 7,265 6,965 6,863 6,723 6,784 6,656
25 years and over........................ 67,521 64,652 64,506 67,896 67,039 66,456 65,879 65,479 65,031
25 to 54 years......................... 53,455 50,461 50,369 53,802 52,740 52,128 51,480 51,125 50,865
25 to 34 years....................... 17,051 16,111 16,010 17,211 16,979 16,789 16,461 16,449 16,288
35 to 44 years....................... 18,245 16,989 16,909 18,352 17,816 17,663 17,452 17,144 17,027
45 to 54 years....................... 18,159 17,360 17,450 18,239 17,944 17,676 17,567 17,532 17,550
55 years and over...................... 14,066 14,191 14,137 14,094 14,299 14,328 14,399 14,354 14,166
Women, 16 years and over..................... 67,911 66,664 66,638 68,038 67,567 67,491 67,007 66,970 66,834
16 to 19 years............................. 2,769 2,559 2,515 2,959 2,665 2,632 2,709 2,699 2,685
16 to 17 years........................... 1,039 951 860 1,146 990 932 923 1,017 952
18 to 19 years........................... 1,729 1,607 1,655 1,801 1,680 1,701 1,787 1,708 1,721
20 years and over.......................... 65,142 64,106 64,123 65,079 64,902 64,860 64,298 64,271 64,148
20 to 24 years........................... 6,300 6,258 6,360 6,400 6,478 6,510 6,327 6,372 6,434
25 years and over........................ 58,842 57,848 57,763 58,607 58,383 58,292 58,032 57,823 57,631
25 to 54 years......................... 46,231 45,069 44,899 46,091 45,634 45,523 45,213 45,131 44,855
25 to 34 years....................... 14,337 13,892 13,932 14,312 14,091 14,075 13,988 13,920 13,922
35 to 44 years....................... 15,486 14,854 14,745 15,423 15,067 15,027 14,856 14,855 14,719
45 to 54 years....................... 16,409 16,322 16,223 16,356 16,476 16,421 16,369 16,356 16,214
55 years and over...................... 12,611 12,778 12,864 12,516 12,750 12,769 12,819 12,693 12,776
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 45,916 44,248 44,356 45,975 45,610 45,182 44,712 44,502 44,470
Married women, spouse present................ 35,864 35,550 35,507 35,825 35,649 35,632 35,375 35,563 35,481
Women who maintain families.................. 9,093 8,705 8,749 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (2)........................ 119,875 112,947 112,215 121,241 118,413 116,865 115,794 114,853 113,665
Part-time workers (3)........................ 25,233 27,158 27,617 24,755 25,577 26,250 26,200 26,590 26,963
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders.................... 7,499 7,676 7,723 7,478 7,410 7,352 7,441 7,626 7,656
Percent of total employed................ 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.4
1 Data not available.
2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1)
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 7,820 12,467 13,161 5.1 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.5
16 to 19 years............................. 1,075 1,427 1,410 15.8 20.4 20.8 20.8 21.6 21.7
16 to 17 years........................... 487 552 544 18.7 24.1 24.1 21.4 22.9 23.7
18 to 19 years........................... 592 888 870 14.2 18.3 19.1 20.2 21.0 20.9
20 years and over.......................... 6,745 11,040 11,751 4.6 6.2 6.6 7.0 7.5 8.0
20 to 24 years........................... 1,416 1,943 2,128 9.4 11.1 12.1 12.1 12.9 14.0
25 years and over........................ 5,314 9,076 9,572 4.0 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.9 7.2
25 to 54 years......................... 4,359 7,466 7,832 4.2 5.8 6.3 6.7 7.2 7.6
25 to 34 years....................... 1,770 2,883 2,984 5.3 7.0 7.5 7.9 8.7 9.0
35 to 44 years....................... 1,337 2,346 2,447 3.8 5.4 5.9 6.5 6.8 7.2
45 to 54 years....................... 1,252 2,237 2,401 3.5 5.1 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.6
55 years and over...................... 943 1,603 1,784 3.4 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.6 6.2
Men, 16 years and over....................... 4,250 7,217 7,751 5.2 7.4 7.9 8.3 8.8 9.5
16 to 19 years............................. 600 823 828 17.8 24.0 23.3 24.4 24.9 25.7
16 to 17 years........................... 280 301 315 22.4 28.8 27.0 26.5 26.5 28.2
18 to 19 years........................... 321 537 514 15.2 21.2 21.5 22.8 24.7 24.6
20 years and over.......................... 3,650 6,394 6,923 4.6 6.7 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.8
20 to 24 years........................... 834 1,160 1,335 10.3 12.9 14.2 14.1 14.6 16.7
25 years and over........................ 2,822 5,275 5,566 4.0 5.9 6.4 6.9 7.5 7.9
25 to 54 years......................... 2,338 4,356 4,607 4.2 6.1 6.7 7.3 7.9 8.3
25 to 34 years....................... 976 1,720 1,833 5.4 7.5 8.3 8.8 9.5 10.1
35 to 44 years....................... 702 1,323 1,426 3.7 5.4 5.9 6.6 7.2 7.7
45 to 54 years....................... 660 1,313 1,348 3.5 5.6 6.1 6.7 7.0 7.1
55 years and over...................... 484 919 959 3.3 5.1 5.1 5.3 6.0 6.3
Women, 16 years and over..................... 3,570 5,250 5,410 5.0 6.1 6.4 6.7 7.3 7.5
16 to 19 years............................. 475 604 582 13.8 16.7 18.2 17.1 18.3 17.8
16 to 17 years........................... 207 250 229 15.3 19.7 21.2 16.2 19.8 19.4
18 to 19 years........................... 271 351 357 13.1 15.1 16.6 17.5 17.0 17.2
20 years and over.......................... 3,095 4,646 4,828 4.5 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.7 7.0
20 to 24 years........................... 582 783 793 8.3 9.2 9.8 10.0 10.9 11.0
25 years and over........................ 2,492 3,801 4,006 4.1 5.2 5.4 5.8 6.2 6.5
25 to 54 years......................... 2,020 3,110 3,225 4.2 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.4 6.7
25 to 34 years....................... 794 1,163 1,151 5.3 6.4 6.5 6.8 7.7 7.6
35 to 44 years....................... 635 1,023 1,021 4.0 5.4 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.5
45 to 54 years....................... 592 924 1,054 3.5 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.3 6.1
55 years and over (2).................. 438 717 789 3.4 4.3 4.3 5.4 5.3 5.8
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 1,338 2,574 2,718 2.8 4.2 4.4 5.0 5.5 5.8
Married women, spouse present................ 1,247 1,918 2,022 3.4 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.4
Women who maintain families (2).............. 694 1,003 1,058 7.1 9.3 9.5 10.3 10.3 10.8
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (3)........................ 6,417 10,839 11,535 5.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.6 9.2
Part-time workers (4)........................ 1,380 1,635 1,676 5.3 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.9
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Not seasonally adjusted.
3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff
from full-time jobs.
4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on
layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs.............................. 4,555 9,098 9,315 4,161 6,156 6,471 6,980 7,696 8,243
On temporary layoff........................ 1,341 2,052 1,990 1,064 1,413 1,524 1,441 1,488 1,557
Not on temporary layoff.................... 3,214 7,047 7,325 3,097 4,744 4,946 5,539 6,208 6,686
Permanent job losers..................... 2,276 5,466 5,880 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs..... 938 1,581 1,445 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers.................................. 768 841 850 792 940 1,007 917 820 887
Reentrants................................... 2,103 2,929 2,984 2,126 2,655 2,777 2,751 2,834 2,974
New entrants................................. 601 830 747 695 760 829 780 1,005 868
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 56.7 66.4 67.0 53.5 58.6 58.4 61.1 62.3 63.5
On temporary layoff....................... 16.7 15.0 14.3 13.7 13.4 13.8 12.6 12.0 12.0
Not on temporary layoff................... 40.0 51.4 52.7 39.8 45.1 44.6 48.5 50.2 51.5
Job leavers................................. 9.6 6.1 6.1 10.2 8.9 9.1 8.0 6.6 6.8
Reentrants.................................. 26.2 21.4 21.5 27.3 25.3 25.1 24.1 22.9 22.9
New entrants................................ 7.5 6.1 5.4 8.9 7.2 7.5 6.8 8.1 6.7
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 3.0 5.9 6.1 2.7 4.0 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.4
Job leavers................................. .5 .5 .6 .5 .6 .7 .6 .5 .6
Reentrants.................................. 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9
New entrants................................ .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .7 .6
1 Data not available.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks...................................... 2,550 3,247 3,067 2,797 3,255 3,267 3,658 3,404 3,371
5 to 14 weeks.......................................... 2,782 4,778 4,523 2,549 3,141 3,398 3,519 3,969 4,041
15 weeks and over...................................... 2,696 5,673 6,305 2,444 3,964 4,517 4,634 5,264 5,715
15 to 26 weeks...................................... 1,339 2,611 2,971 1,143 1,757 1,927 1,987 2,347 2,534
27 weeks and over................................... 1,357 3,063 3,334 1,300 2,207 2,591 2,647 2,917 3,182
Average (mean) duration, in weeks...................... 16.9 19.9 21.2 16.1 18.9 19.7 19.8 19.8 20.1
Median duration, in weeks.............................. 9.4 11.7 13.1 8.2 10.0 10.6 10.3 11.0 11.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.................................... 31.8 23.7 22.1 35.9 31.4 29.2 31.0 26.9 25.7
5 to 14 weeks........................................ 34.7 34.9 32.5 32.7 30.3 30.4 29.8 31.4 30.8
15 weeks and over.................................... 33.6 41.4 45.4 31.4 38.3 40.4 39.2 41.7 43.5
15 to 26 weeks..................................... 16.7 19.1 21.4 14.7 17.0 17.2 16.8 18.6 19.3
27 weeks and over.................................. 16.9 22.4 24.0 16.7 21.3 23.2 22.4 23.1 24.2
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed rates
Occupation
Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar.
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 145,108 139,833 8,027 13,895 5.2 9.0
Management, professional, and related occupations...... 52,681 52,345 1,121 2,292 2.1 4.2
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations......................................... 21,810 21,813 485 1,038 2.2 4.5
Professional and related occupations................. 30,871 30,533 636 1,254 2.0 3.9
Service occupations.................................... 23,672 24,074 1,603 2,495 6.3 9.4
Sales and office occupations........................... 36,014 33,967 1,759 3,020 4.7 8.2
Sales and related occupations........................ 16,352 15,531 825 1,511 4.8 8.9
Office and administrative support occupations........ 19,662 18,436 935 1,509 4.5 7.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................... 14,473 13,223 1,581 2,727 9.8 17.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 965 803 160 216 14.2 21.2
Construction and extraction occupations.............. 8,473 7,196 1,232 2,067 12.7 22.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,035 5,224 190 445 3.6 7.8
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................... 18,268 16,223 1,337 2,585 6.8 13.7
Production occupations............................... 9,327 7,647 659 1,343 6.6 14.9
Transportation and material moving occupations....... 8,940 8,575 678 1,242 7.1 12.7
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar.
2008 2009 2008 2009
Total, 16 years and over (1).................... 8,027 13,895 5.2 9.0
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........ 6,480 11,685 5.5 9.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction........ 28 105 3.7 12.6
Construction......................................... 1,170 1,979 12.0 21.1
Manufacturing........................................ 831 1,912 5.0 12.2
Durable goods...................................... 507 1,307 4.8 13.1
Nondurable goods................................... 324 605 5.4 10.6
Wholesale and retail trade........................... 992 1,852 4.9 9.0
Transportation and utilities......................... 267 558 4.3 9.0
Information.......................................... 155 252 4.8 7.8
Financial activities................................. 323 639 3.4 6.8
Professional and business services................... 876 1,597 6.2 11.4
Education and health services........................ 609 931 3.1 4.5
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 944 1,484 7.6 11.6
Other services....................................... 283 377 4.6 6.0
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers 175 241 13.2 19.0
Government workers..................................... 425 598 1.9 2.8
Self employed and unpaid family workers................ 346 625 3.3 5.9
1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2009 data, industries
reflect the introduction of the 2007 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification
system is derived from the 2007 North American Industry Classification System. No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent
of the civilian labor force....................... 1.8 3.7 4.1 1.6 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.7
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.... 3.0 5.9 6.1 2.7 4.0 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.4
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian
labor force (official unemployment rate).......... 5.2 8.9 9.0 5.1 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.5
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers............................... 5.5 9.3 9.4 5.3 7.1 7.6 8.0 8.5 8.9
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus
all other marginally attached workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers....................... 6.1 10.1 10.3 5.9 7.9 8.3 8.8 9.3 9.8
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached
workers, plus total employed part time for
economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all marginally attached workers.. 9.3 16.0 16.2 9.1 12.6 13.5 13.9 14.8 15.6
NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those
who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS
introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Updated population
controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar.
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force........................... 79,860 81,358 30,846 31,919 49,014 49,438
Persons who currently want a job...................... 4,492 5,535 2,051 2,674 2,442 2,861
Marginally attached to the labor force (1).......... 1,352 2,106 722 1,136 631 970
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 401 685 245 433 156 252
Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 951 1,421 477 703 474 717
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,499 7,723 3,691 3,732 3,808 3,991
Percent of total employed.......................... 5.2 5.5 4.8 5.1 5.6 6.0
Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 4,198 4,204 2,276 2,234 1,922 1,970
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,693 1,949 481 604 1,212 1,345
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 281 242 197 158 83 84
Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,288 1,277 724 698 564 579
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009p 2009p Feb. 2009-
Mar. 2009p
Total nonfarm......... 136,944 132,302 132,130 132,072 137,814 135,755 135,074 134,333 133,682 133,019 -663
Total private........... 114,104 109,855 109,286 109,147 115,373 113,212 112,542 111,793 111,139 110,481 -658
Goods-producing............. 21,347 19,580 19,250 19,059 21,800 20,814 20,532 20,127 19,842 19,537 -305
Mining and logging.............. 741 766 754 736 756 793 789 781 772 754 -18
Logging...................... 55.0 54.5 54.3 49.0 57.8 56.6 55.7 55.2 54.7 51.7 -3.0
Mining......................... 685.9 711.4 699.5 686.6 697.7 736.8 733.3 725.3 717.3 702.2 -15.1
Oil and gas extraction........ 155.1 168.3 166.6 165.7 156.2 167.4 169.4 167.7 167.9 167.6 -.3
Mining, except oil and gas(1). 215.1 216.4 212.9 215.1 223.6 230.7 229.2 227.9 226.1 224.8 -1.3
Coal mining.................. 77.6 84.5 83.8 84.1 77.9 84.3 84.5 84.9 84.6 84.6 .0
Support activities for mining. 315.7 326.7 320.0 305.8 317.9 338.7 334.7 329.7 323.3 309.8 -13.5
Construction.................... 7,047 6,295 6,152 6,113 7,401 6,939 6,841 6,706 6,599 6,473 -126
Construction of buildings..... 1,650.7 1,475.9 1,439.1 1,412.2 1,712.6 1,588.4 1,572.9 1,536.9 1,509.7 1,476.3 -33.4
Residential building......... 832.9 718.8 698.7 685.5 868.2 781.7 769.4 755.2 740.6 722.6 -18.0
Nonresidential building...... 817.8 757.1 740.4 726.7 844.4 806.7 803.5 781.7 769.1 753.7 -15.4
Heavy and civil engineering
construction................. 909.3 822.8 816.2 827.2 993.6 942.5 933.2 926.6 920.5 910.1 -10.4
Specialty trade contractors... 4,486.9 3,996.7 3,896.4 3,873.1 4,694.5 4,408.5 4,335.2 4,242.2 4,168.8 4,086.2 -82.6
Residential specialty trade
contractors................. 1,995.3 1,725.2 1,683.1 1,671.2 2,096.9 1,921.6 1,883.6 1,838.3 1,800.2 1,759.5 -40.7
Nonresidential specialty
trade contractors........... 2,491.6 2,271.5 2,213.3 2,201.9 2,597.6 2,486.9 2,451.6 2,403.9 2,368.6 2,326.7 -41.9
Manufacturing................... 13,559 12,519 12,344 12,210 13,643 13,082 12,902 12,640 12,471 12,310 -161
Production workers........... 9,782 8,849 8,701 8,571 9,853 9,322 9,174 8,946 8,800 8,654 -146
Durable goods.................. 8,599 7,812 7,686 7,583 8,637 8,216 8,085 7,881 7,753 7,628 -125
Production workers........... 6,114 5,407 5,301 5,198 6,146 5,741 5,633 5,458 5,348 5,233 -115
Wood products................. 470.6 393.4 373.5 379.5 479.8 429.8 416.2 403.9 389.4 389.2 -.2
Nonmetallic mineral products.. 467.8 416.2 406.6 402.7 479.4 450.1 441.2 434.3 424.5 415.2 -9.3
Primary metals................ 450.7 410.2 393.7 386.2 450.9 429.8 419.6 409.3 395.5 387.0 -8.5
Fabricated metal products..... 1,550.7 1,419.5 1,391.0 1,364.2 1,557.5 1,486.3 1,461.5 1,425.3 1,398.5 1,370.8 -27.7
Machinery..................... 1,192.8 1,123.8 1,097.1 1,071.3 1,193.8 1,162.7 1,150.2 1,126.0 1,100.6 1,073.6 -27.0
Computer and electronic
products(1).................. 1,253.5 1,211.8 1,193.7 1,188.0 1,257.9 1,233.3 1,223.7 1,212.9 1,198.6 1,193.3 -5.3
Computer and peripheral
equipment................... 183.3 179.9 174.9 174.3 183.8 181.8 180.0 180.3 176.6 175.1 -1.5
Communications equipment..... 127.7 130.8 130.0 129.7 128.3 129.5 129.1 129.6 129.4 130.0 .6
Semiconductors and electronic
components.................. 437.3 409.3 401.2 398.1 439.2 423.2 417.4 410.5 403.8 400.6 -3.2
Electronic instruments....... 442.7 433.3 430.5 429.6 443.6 438.8 437.5 433.8 431.6 430.8 -.8
Electrical equipment and
appliances................... 425.7 406.4 398.9 389.4 427.4 417.5 412.0 406.1 400.3 391.3 -9.0
Transportation equipment(1)... 1,655.5 1,398.9 1,419.3 1,399.4 1,653.8 1,532.5 1,501.8 1,423.5 1,424.2 1,398.3 -25.9
Motor vehicles and parts(2).. 922.1 688.3 716.5 704.1 918.3 809.6 781.5 711.2 718.1 700.6 -17.5
Furniture and related products 498.9 424.0 412.0 404.3 501.4 449.6 440.6 428.6 416.6 406.4 -10.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing... 633.0 607.3 600.2 598.1 635.2 624.2 618.4 611.0 604.5 602.4 -2.1
Nondurable goods............... 4,960 4,707 4,658 4,627 5,006 4,866 4,817 4,759 4,718 4,682 -36
Production workers........... 3,668 3,442 3,400 3,373 3,707 3,581 3,541 3,488 3,452 3,421 -31
Food manufacturing............ 1,458.6 1,447.5 1,438.6 1,435.7 1,485.7 1,489.0 1,477.6 1,470.7 1,467.0 1,464.2 -2.8
Beverages and tobacco products 193.0 189.3 185.4 186.7 198.9 196.4 195.8 194.2 191.5 192.8 1.3
Textile mills................. 158.7 133.7 129.0 127.5 158.5 140.6 136.8 133.6 130.2 128.2 -2.0
Textile product mills......... 151.4 137.5 133.3 128.7 151.0 143.5 141.2 137.4 134.3 129.4 -4.9
Apparel....................... 202.9 173.3 174.4 173.0 203.8 187.1 183.5 178.9 177.2 174.8 -2.4
Leather and allied products... 33.3 32.4 31.3 31.4 33.2 32.6 32.6 32.4 31.8 31.6 -.2
Paper and paper products...... 447.4 426.4 418.6 414.8 449.9 437.1 433.4 427.3 422.0 418.6 -3.4
Printing and related support
activities................... 605.9 555.6 546.1 540.1 607.4 574.1 567.0 558.1 550.0 542.1 -7.9
Petroleum and coal products... 113.5 109.9 110.5 111.3 116.3 117.2 116.9 114.2 114.6 114.4 -.2
Chemicals..................... 852.3 828.8 827.0 823.4 854.0 842.6 837.1 832.7 829.7 825.8 -3.9
Plastics and rubber products.. 742.9 672.8 664.1 654.3 747.3 705.9 694.9 679.7 669.5 659.7 -9.8
Service-providing........... 115,597 112,722 112,880 113,013 116,014 114,941 114,542 114,206 113,840 113,482 -358
Private service-providing.. 92,757 90,275 90,036 90,088 93,573 92,398 92,010 91,666 91,297 90,944 -353
Trade, transportation, and
utilities...................... 26,330 25,534 25,212 25,199 26,629 26,005 25,843 25,735 25,614 25,502 -112
Wholesale trade................ 5,980.8 5,771.5 5,724.4 5,712.2 6,012.5 5,890.3 5,850.7 5,819.3 5,778.9 5,747.7 -31.2
Durable goods................. 3,086.7 2,944.5 2,906.8 2,888.7 3,099.8 3,004.9 2,978.6 2,959.6 2,928.3 2,901.9 -26.4
Nondurable goods.............. 2,048.1 1,984.9 1,981.1 1,987.6 2,063.0 2,033.6 2,025.1 2,013.9 2,009.2 2,006.0 -3.2
Electronic markets and agents
and brokers.................. 846.0 842.1 836.5 835.9 849.7 851.8 847.0 845.8 841.4 839.8 -1.6
Retail trade...................15,278.9 14,878.5 14,649.1 14,669.5 15,506.0 15,126.0 15,037.9 14,991.5 14,940.7 14,892.9 -47.8
Motor vehicle and parts
dealers(1)................... 1,874.6 1,694.9 1,689.1 1,683.7 1,890.9 1,770.5 1,745.6 1,730.1 1,716.4 1,700.3 -16.1
Automobile dealers........... 1,219.6 1,070.8 1,066.8 1,059.7 1,227.6 1,121.2 1,099.9 1,088.6 1,078.8 1,066.9 -11.9
Furniture and home furnishings
stores....................... 542.3 511.2 493.5 489.7 550.4 522.6 514.2 508.3 500.0 497.7 -2.3
Electronics and appliance
stores....................... 549.4 538.5 533.6 521.6 552.9 541.5 538.6 535.5 536.4 526.2 -10.2
Building material and garden
supply stores................ 1,241.6 1,161.0 1,156.4 1,168.6 1,264.9 1,235.8 1,227.8 1,214.9 1,206.4 1,193.0 -13.4
Food and beverage stores...... 2,849.1 2,822.7 2,801.7 2,801.7 2,874.7 2,843.5 2,835.1 2,835.3 2,827.1 2,826.7 -.4
Health and personal care
stores....................... 1,003.2 986.0 980.1 979.6 1,007.7 989.4 991.2 985.7 986.0 985.1 -.9
Gasoline stations............. 844.4 824.1 820.9 822.0 854.2 836.9 834.4 833.0 832.2 831.3 -.9
Clothing and clothing
accessories stores........... 1,445.6 1,440.7 1,388.5 1,385.1 1,498.2 1,462.2 1,448.5 1,445.0 1,443.6 1,437.4 -6.2
Sporting goods, hobby, book,
and music stores............. 636.6 634.4 600.3 592.9 653.8 633.1 624.3 620.8 613.8 611.4 -2.4
General merchandise stores(1). 3,022.8 3,033.4 2,964.5 3,028.7 3,060.7 3,024.5 3,029.2 3,040.7 3,043.4 3,057.2 13.8
Department stores............ 1,544.8 1,540.2 1,489.6 1,501.3 1,583.5 1,517.5 1,521.2 1,529.1 1,533.7 1,533.4 -.3
Miscellaneous store retailers. 834.1 805.1 805.4 786.6 854.5 838.3 825.0 819.5 815.7 808.3 -7.4
Nonstore retailers............ 435.2 426.5 415.1 409.3 443.1 427.7 424.0 422.7 419.7 418.3 -1.4
Transportation and warehousing. 4,514.9 4,315.9 4,270.3 4,247.8 4,553.4 4,424.4 4,389.9 4,354.4 4,324.0 4,290.0 -34.0
Air transportation............ 502.5 472.5 471.9 471.6 505.4 481.6 477.8 476.8 475.1 473.0 -2.1
Rail transportation........... 230.1 225.9 223.6 223.6 231.4 229.0 226.8 227.1 225.3 224.9 -.4
Water transportation.......... 62.8 58.0 57.2 56.7 66.0 62.6 60.3 59.7 60.5 59.8 -.7
Truck transportation.......... 1,389.4 1,292.8 1,275.7 1,269.5 1,414.6 1,358.0 1,340.8 1,323.3 1,310.4 1,295.5 -14.9
Transit and ground passenger
transportation............... 433.6 418.5 418.9 417.8 420.0 411.7 410.1 408.1 406.6 405.0 -1.6
Pipeline transportation....... 40.5 42.9 42.7 42.3 40.8 43.2 43.3 43.1 43.0 42.8 -.2
Scenic and sightseeing
transportation............... 23.1 20.8 20.3 20.8 28.7 27.2 27.2 26.9 26.6 26.4 -.2
Support activities for
transportation............... 587.8 564.3 557.0 547.5 591.2 582.2 579.5 569.3 560.4 553.2 -7.2
Couriers and messengers....... 572.7 565.0 558.3 553.4 577.5 565.7 564.6 563.2 563.7 558.6 -5.1
Warehousing and storage....... 672.4 655.2 644.7 644.6 677.8 663.2 659.5 656.9 652.4 650.8 -1.6
Utilities...................... 555.2 568.4 568.0 569.0 557.4 564.0 564.6 569.3 570.0 570.9 .9
Information..................... 3,016 2,895 2,903 2,904 3,023 2,965 2,940 2,924 2,917 2,907 -10
Publishing industries, except
Internet..................... 891.8 840.5 832.4 825.5 893.3 863.6 857.8 846.3 834.8 827.2 -7.6
Motion picture and sound
recording industries......... 380.8 360.5 380.7 393.5 385.2 385.0 377.2 376.7 389.0 395.0 6.0
Broadcasting, except Internet. 317.9 304.8 299.8 298.5 319.0 313.1 308.1 306.5 302.3 299.7 -2.6
Telecommunications............ 1,027.2 1,001.8 1,001.9 995.6 1,028.0 1,010.2 1,004.0 1,001.6 1,000.3 996.4 -3.9
Data processing, hosting and
related services............. 264.7 252.2 253.3 256.7 263.4 257.5 256.4 257.0 255.4 255.2 -.2
Other information services.... 133.9 135.0 134.9 133.8 134.2 135.1 136.5 135.7 134.9 133.7 -1.2
Financial activities............ 8,171 7,901 7,863 7,823 8,204 8,043 8,010 7,954 7,910 7,867 -43
Finance and insurance.......... 6,056.4 5,875.3 5,856.1 5,832.8 6,055.8 5,948.7 5,924.0 5,890.4 5,863.3 5,838.0 -25.3
Monetary authorities - central
bank......................... 22.5 20.8 20.8 20.8 22.4 21.5 21.3 21.0 21.0 20.8 -.2
Credit intermediation and
related activities(1)........ 2,765.2 2,661.1 2,651.9 2,636.3 2,763.3 2,692.8 2,680.8 2,665.3 2,652.9 2,637.7 -15.2
Depository credit
intermediation(1)........... 1,823.3 1,799.2 1,791.0 1,781.2 1,824.9 1,806.9 1,804.9 1,798.1 1,792.7 1,785.2 -7.5
Commercial banking.......... 1,361.3 1,346.7 1,340.2 1,333.4 1,362.0 1,352.7 1,351.8 1,346.6 1,342.4 1,336.0 -6.4
Securities, commodity
contracts, investments....... 868.4 823.8 818.6 812.0 867.5 842.1 839.9 826.5 819.7 812.4 -7.3
Insurance carriers and related
activities................... 2,310.6 2,279.4 2,276.0 2,275.5 2,313.3 2,300.9 2,292.0 2,287.4 2,281.1 2,279.0 -2.1
Funds, trusts, and other
financial vehicles........... 89.7 90.2 88.8 88.2 89.3 91.4 90.0 90.2 88.6 88.1 -.5
Real estate and rental and
leasing....................... 2,114.6 2,025.3 2,006.6 1,990.2 2,148.5 2,093.8 2,085.8 2,063.2 2,047.0 2,029.1 -17.9
Real estate................... 1,468.7 1,418.8 1,408.8 1,398.6 1,489.4 1,461.7 1,458.2 1,444.9 1,435.1 1,423.4 -11.7
Rental and leasing services... 618.0 578.5 569.8 563.5 630.6 603.8 599.3 589.9 583.6 577.1 -6.5
Lessors of nonfinancial
intangible assets............ 27.9 28.0 28.0 28.1 28.5 28.3 28.3 28.4 28.3 28.6 .3
Professional and business
services....................... 17,733 16,877 16,741 16,678 17,954 17,488 17,356 17,205 17,027 16,894 -133
Professional and technical
services(1)................... 7,882.5 7,787.7 7,797.5 7,750.9 7,818.8 7,827.7 7,797.2 7,765.5 7,728.8 7,697.5 -31.3
Legal services............... 1,162.9 1,144.1 1,139.5 1,139.0 1,168.8 1,157.7 1,156.8 1,154.1 1,149.2 1,146.5 -2.7
Accounting and bookkeeping
services.................... 1,064.1 1,021.4 1,063.5 1,042.0 948.8 941.0 933.7 927.5 926.3 927.9 1.6
Architectural and engineering
services.................... 1,430.5 1,391.3 1,370.7 1,353.9 1,450.9 1,428.6 1,419.4 1,411.1 1,392.5 1,376.2 -16.3
Computer systems design and
related services............ 1,426.5 1,459.7 1,459.7 1,454.0 1,432.4 1,467.9 1,466.8 1,462.4 1,463.9 1,460.0 -3.9
Management and technical
consulting services......... 988.5 1,011.8 1,009.1 1,003.7 997.1 1,024.9 1,020.5 1,025.7 1,020.6 1,014.5 -6.1
Management of companies and
enterprises................... 1,895.5 1,866.9 1,854.0 1,848.9 1,906.7 1,882.0 1,872.1 1,871.7 1,865.3 1,859.0 -6.3
Administrative and waste
services...................... 7,955.2 7,222.4 7,089.8 7,078.3 8,228.2 7,778.3 7,686.3 7,567.5 7,432.9 7,337.3 -95.6
Administrative and support
services(1).................. 7,603.6 6,863.0 6,735.5 6,724.3 7,870.7 7,414.2 7,324.4 7,203.1 7,070.9 6,976.6 -94.3
Employment services(1)....... 3,176.0 2,561.4 2,485.3 2,433.8 3,304.7 2,896.7 2,829.5 2,720.5 2,628.4 2,540.0 -88.4
Temporary help services..... 2,372.2 1,829.4 1,767.7 1,728.8 2,486.8 2,128.5 2,055.6 1,965.7 1,888.5 1,816.8 -71.7
Business support services.... 836.5 814.0 806.8 807.6 831.1 823.7 816.0 817.6 806.8 804.4 -2.4
Services to buildings and
dwellings................... 1,721.0 1,652.2 1,628.9 1,657.6 1,853.7 1,829.4 1,818.1 1,812.5 1,798.7 1,791.1 -7.6
Waste management and
remediation services......... 351.6 359.4 354.3 354.0 357.5 364.1 361.9 364.4 362.0 360.7 -1.3
Education and health services... 18,833 19,013 19,239 19,269 18,698 19,044 19,080 19,119 19,141 19,149 8
Educational services........... 3,153.1 3,017.5 3,221.5 3,219.9 3,006.5 3,066.0 3,063.1 3,088.4 3,087.1 3,080.3 -6.8
Health care and social
assistance....................15,679.4 15,995.7 16,017.7 16,048.7 15,691.1 15,977.8 16,017.0 16,030.3 16,053.5 16,068.3 14.8
Health care(3)................13,168.7 13,455.3 13,471.0 13,492.4 13,199.7 13,442.4 13,475.9 13,490.2 13,512.9 13,526.4 13.5
Ambulatory health care
services(1)................. 5,587.5 5,734.3 5,749.3 5,761.5 5,599.3 5,727.7 5,742.6 5,753.3 5,768.2 5,775.9 7.7
Offices of physicians....... 2,238.0 2,295.7 2,298.0 2,301.5 2,243.7 2,289.8 2,294.5 2,300.4 2,304.9 2,308.1 3.2
Outpatient care centers..... 527.6 536.7 537.5 538.6 527.5 536.9 536.7 538.0 538.5 539.2 .7
Home health care services... 941.7 976.3 985.2 990.9 943.3 975.6 980.7 981.4 989.5 992.2 2.7
Hospitals.................... 4,587.5 4,699.5 4,699.5 4,697.5 4,599.1 4,692.4 4,703.7 4,707.5 4,710.6 4,709.9 -.7
Nursing and residential care
facilities(1)............... 2,993.7 3,021.5 3,022.2 3,033.4 3,001.3 3,022.3 3,029.6 3,029.4 3,034.1 3,040.6 6.5
Nursing care facilities..... 1,610.7 1,612.9 1,611.6 1,617.3 1,614.7 1,614.5 1,617.3 1,616.6 1,617.7 1,620.7 3.0
Social assistance(1).......... 2,510.7 2,540.4 2,546.7 2,556.3 2,491.4 2,535.4 2,541.1 2,540.1 2,540.6 2,541.9 1.3
Child day care services...... 879.0 869.5 872.8 873.5 861.7 863.2 864.3 862.7 861.4 858.8 -2.6
Leisure and hospitality......... 13,156 12,667 12,678 12,813 13,528 13,344 13,304 13,268 13,240 13,200 -40
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation.................... 1,837.2 1,732.9 1,747.3 1,776.1 1,996.1 1,944.0 1,947.1 1,943.8 1,943.7 1,935.1 -8.6
Performing arts and spectator
sports....................... 385.0 366.8 373.5 379.4 409.3 398.8 401.4 405.7 403.7 403.1 -.6
Museums, historical sites,
zoos, and parks.............. 124.0 119.3 118.8 120.0 133.2 130.6 130.8 130.3 130.6 129.5 -1.1
Amusements, gambling, and
recreation................... 1,328.2 1,246.8 1,255.0 1,276.7 1,453.6 1,414.6 1,414.9 1,407.8 1,409.4 1,402.5 -6.9
Accommodation and food services11,318.5 10,933.9 10,930.8 11,037.1 11,532.0 11,399.6 11,356.5 11,323.7 11,296.2 11,264.7 -31.5
Accommodation................. 1,825.0 1,685.5 1,677.1 1,668.0 1,883.9 1,812.1 1,794.3 1,768.4 1,750.9 1,728.3 -22.6
Food services and drinking
places....................... 9,493.5 9,248.4 9,253.7 9,369.1 9,648.1 9,587.5 9,562.2 9,555.3 9,545.3 9,536.4 -8.9
Other services.................. 5,518 5,388 5,400 5,402 5,537 5,509 5,477 5,461 5,448 5,425 -23
Repair and maintenance........ 1,242.5 1,168.8 1,165.5 1,163.1 1,242.2 1,204.7 1,189.9 1,184.7 1,176.7 1,166.4 -10.3
Personal and laundry services. 1,317.1 1,292.9 1,296.0 1,295.6 1,324.2 1,323.2 1,320.9 1,313.6 1,313.3 1,304.7 -8.6
Membership associations and
organizations................ 2,958.1 2,926.5 2,938.2 2,943.6 2,970.2 2,980.7 2,965.7 2,963.1 2,958.1 2,953.8 -4.3
Government...................... 22,840 22,447 22,844 22,925 22,441 22,543 22,532 22,540 22,543 22,538 -5
Federal........................ 2,732 2,779 2,780 2,784 2,751 2,783 2,778 2,793 2,795 2,802 7
Federal, except U.S. Postal
Service...................... 1,976.7 2,042.0 2,057.8 2,066.5 1,989.6 2,052.4 2,057.3 2,065.8 2,070.7 2,079.1 8.4
U.S. Postal Service........... 755.6 736.5 722.0 717.7 761.5 730.1 720.9 726.9 724.0 722.8 -1.2
State government............... 5,293 5,119 5,302 5,320 5,152 5,197 5,196 5,192 5,187 5,184 -3
State government education.... 2,482.5 2,320.4 2,503.3 2,524.3 2,334.7 2,380.3 2,381.3 2,380.2 2,378.8 2,379.2 .4
State government, excluding
education.................... 2,810.1 2,798.6 2,798.8 2,795.9 2,817.3 2,816.4 2,814.8 2,811.6 2,808.5 2,804.6 -3.9
Local government............... 14,815 14,549 14,762 14,821 14,538 14,563 14,558 14,555 14,561 14,552 -9
Local government education.... 8,440.8 8,173.3 8,392.1 8,445.4 8,076.4 8,067.6 8,060.5 8,070.7 8,081.1 8,080.3 -.8
Local government, excluding
education.................... 6,373.9 6,375.2 6,370.3 6,375.5 6,461.5 6,495.6 6,497.7 6,484.7 6,479.5 6,471.8 -7.7
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector
and selected industry detail
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009p 2009p Feb. 2009-
Mar. 2009p
Total private......................... 33.8 32.9 33.2 33.2 33.8 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.2 -0.1
Goods-producing........................... 40.4 38.8 38.6 38.7 40.6 39.5 39.4 39.3 39.2 38.9 -.3
Mining and logging............................ 45.7 43.6 43.4 42.6 46.2 45.3 44.3 44.2 44.0 43.2 -.8
Construction.................................. 38.5 37.1 37.0 37.3 38.9 37.7 38.0 37.9 38.1 37.8 -.3
Manufacturing................................. 41.1 39.5 39.2 39.2 41.2 40.2 39.9 39.8 39.5 39.3 -.2
Overtime hours............................. 3.9 2.7 2.5 2.5 4.0 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 .0
Durable goods................................ 41.4 39.5 39.2 39.2 41.5 40.4 40.0 39.8 39.5 39.3 -.2
Overtime hours............................. 4.0 2.5 2.3 2.4 4.1 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.5 .0
Wood products............................... 38.3 35.7 36.0 36.2 38.7 37.6 36.8 36.9 37.0 36.8 -.2
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 42.6 38.9 38.6 39.2 43.2 40.9 40.9 40.2 40.0 39.8 -.2
Primary metals.............................. 43.0 40.3 39.6 40.1 43.0 40.9 40.5 40.4 39.9 40.1 .2
Fabricated metal products................... 41.7 39.5 39.2 38.8 41.8 40.8 40.3 39.7 39.4 38.9 -.5
Machinery................................... 42.8 40.8 40.5 40.1 42.8 41.4 41.1 40.9 40.5 40.2 -.3
Computer and electronic products............ 41.0 40.4 40.3 39.9 41.0 41.3 40.4 40.7 40.5 39.9 -.6
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 41.2 39.3 38.5 38.0 41.3 40.2 39.7 39.4 38.8 38.2 -.6
Transportation equipment.................... 42.5 40.3 40.1 40.1 42.4 40.9 40.9 40.4 40.1 40.1 .0
Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 42.0 38.2 38.0 38.1 41.9 40.0 39.9 38.6 38.1 38.2 .1
Furniture and related products.............. 38.5 37.4 36.9 37.8 38.7 37.2 37.3 37.7 37.5 37.9 .4
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 39.4 38.3 37.9 38.3 39.2 38.5 38.3 38.4 38.2 38.2 .0
Nondurable goods............................. 40.5 39.4 39.1 39.2 40.7 39.9 39.7 39.7 39.4 39.4 .0
Overtime hours............................. 3.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.9 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0 .0
Food manufacturing.......................... 40.3 39.7 39.3 39.6 40.8 39.9 39.8 40.1 39.9 40.0 .1
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 39.9 36.3 36.4 35.4 40.1 37.9 36.7 37.0 36.8 35.7 -1.1
Textile mills............................... 38.8 36.7 36.0 36.5 38.8 37.7 37.0 37.1 36.5 36.6 .1
Textile product mills....................... 39.4 36.5 36.9 37.1 39.3 37.9 37.1 37.0 37.0 37.0 .0
Apparel..................................... 36.9 35.6 35.3 36.3 36.7 36.2 36.0 36.0 35.6 36.1 .5
Leather and allied products................. 39.0 33.4 32.5 33.4 38.6 34.4 34.7 34.0 33.1 33.3 .2
Paper and paper products.................... 43.3 41.4 41.2 40.7 43.6 42.1 41.9 41.6 41.5 41.1 -.4
Printing and related support activities..... 38.7 37.4 37.3 37.6 38.6 38.2 38.0 37.7 37.5 37.5 .0
Petroleum and coal products................. 42.8 44.9 43.5 42.7 43.7 44.4 45.3 45.1 43.8 43.9 .1
Chemicals................................... 41.9 40.8 41.0 40.8 41.9 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.0 40.9 -.1
Plastics and rubber products................ 41.1 39.9 39.3 39.2 41.2 40.6 40.0 39.9 39.5 39.4 -.1
Private service-providing................ 32.5 31.8 32.3 32.2 32.4 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.1 32.1 .0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.3 32.4 32.7 32.8 33.3 33.0 32.9 32.9 32.8 32.8 .0
Wholesale trade.............................. 38.6 37.7 38.1 37.8 38.4 38.1 37.8 38.1 37.9 37.7 -.2
Retail trade................................. 30.0 29.2 29.6 29.6 30.2 29.8 29.7 29.7 29.8 29.7 -.1
Transportation and warehousing............... 36.7 35.5 35.4 36.1 36.6 36.1 36.2 36.0 35.7 36.0 .3
Utilities.................................... 43.0 42.5 43.2 42.0 43.2 42.4 42.9 42.6 43.1 42.2 -.9
Information................................... 36.7 36.8 37.1 36.9 36.5 37.0 37.0 37.2 36.9 36.8 -.1
Financial activities.......................... 36.2 35.9 36.8 36.5 35.8 36.1 35.9 36.2 36.2 36.1 -.1
Professional and business services............ 35.1 34.4 34.9 34.9 34.8 34.9 34.8 34.9 34.8 34.7 -.1
Education and health services................. 32.7 32.3 32.5 32.4 32.7 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.4 .1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.3 24.0 25.0 24.8 25.3 25.0 25.0 24.8 25.0 24.8 -.2
Other services................................ 30.9 30.5 30.7 30.6 30.9 30.7 30.6 30.7 30.6 30.6 .0
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2009 2009p 2009p
Total private........................... $17.97 $18.49 $18.57 $18.56 $607.39 $608.32 $616.52 $616.19
Seasonally adjusted.................... 17.90 18.43 18.47 18.50 605.02 613.72 615.05 614.20
Goods-producing............................. 19.06 19.64 19.64 19.72 770.02 762.03 758.10 763.16
Mining and logging.............................. 22.29 23.41 23.20 23.28 1018.65 1020.68 1006.88 991.73
Construction.................................... 21.44 22.32 22.26 22.48 825.44 828.07 823.62 838.50
Manufacturing................................... 17.62 18.03 18.07 18.07 724.18 712.19 708.34 708.34
Durable goods.................................. 18.56 18.99 19.08 19.16 768.38 750.11 747.94 751.07
Wood products................................. 13.92 14.69 14.76 14.70 533.14 524.43 531.36 532.14
Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 16.79 16.82 17.05 17.23 715.25 654.30 658.13 675.42
Primary metals................................ 20.23 19.80 19.68 19.62 869.89 797.94 779.33 786.76
Fabricated metal products..................... 16.86 17.24 17.29 17.31 703.06 680.98 677.77 671.63
Machinery..................................... 17.87 18.16 18.21 18.32 764.84 740.93 737.51 734.63
Computer and electronic products.............. 20.76 21.46 21.37 21.60 851.16 866.98 861.21 861.84
Electrical equipment and appliances........... 15.64 15.81 15.94 15.99 644.37 621.33 613.69 607.62
Transportation equipment...................... 23.52 24.66 24.68 24.79 999.60 993.80 989.67 994.08
Furniture and related products................ 14.42 14.95 14.86 14.96 555.17 559.13 548.33 565.49
Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 15.08 15.66 15.97 15.97 594.15 599.78 605.26 611.65
Nondurable goods............................... 16.01 16.51 16.49 16.39 648.41 650.49 644.76 642.49
Food manufacturing............................ 13.85 14.34 14.29 14.25 558.16 569.30 561.60 564.30
Beverages and tobacco products................ 19.73 20.07 20.33 20.37 787.23 728.54 740.01 721.10
Textile mills................................. 13.45 13.90 13.71 13.77 521.86 510.13 493.56 502.61
Textile product mills......................... 11.77 11.59 11.53 11.33 463.74 423.04 425.46 420.34
Apparel....................................... 11.35 11.46 11.44 11.27 418.82 407.98 403.83 409.10
Leather and allied products................... 12.81 14.10 14.31 14.25 499.59 470.94 465.08 475.95
Paper and paper products...................... 18.70 19.27 18.99 18.86 809.71 797.78 782.39 767.60
Printing and related support activities....... 16.64 16.79 16.85 16.76 643.97 627.95 628.51 630.18
Petroleum and coal products................... 27.06 29.13 29.57 29.66 1158.17 1307.94 1286.30 1266.48
Chemicals..................................... 19.31 19.89 19.92 19.76 809.09 811.51 816.72 806.21
Plastics and rubber products.................. 15.72 16.24 16.23 16.17 646.09 647.98 637.84 633.86
Private service-providing.................. 17.70 18.23 18.33 18.31 575.25 579.71 592.06 589.58
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 16.14 16.37 16.47 16.43 537.46 530.39 538.57 538.90
Wholesale trade................................ 20.08 20.44 20.64 20.63 775.09 770.59 786.38 779.81
Retail trade................................... 12.88 12.96 12.98 13.02 386.40 378.43 384.21 385.39
Transportation and warehousing................. 18.20 18.68 18.77 18.62 667.94 663.14 664.46 672.18
Utilities...................................... 28.90 29.27 29.68 29.38 1242.70 1243.98 1282.18 1233.96
Information..................................... 24.62 25.03 25.11 25.26 903.55 921.10 931.58 932.09
Financial activities............................ 20.17 20.48 20.67 20.69 730.15 735.23 760.66 755.19
Professional and business services.............. 21.00 22.16 22.52 22.56 737.10 762.30 785.95 787.34
Education and health services................... 18.74 19.26 19.25 19.22 612.80 622.10 625.63 622.73
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.77 11.03 11.07 10.99 272.48 264.72 276.75 272.55
Other services.................................. 16.11 16.34 16.33 16.37 497.80 498.37 501.33 500.92
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change from:
2008 2008 2008 2009 2009p 2009p Feb. 2009-
Mar. 2009p
Total private:
Current dollars........................ $17.90 $18.34 $18.40 $18.43 $18.47 $18.50 0.2
Constant (1982) dollars(2)............. 8.28 8.54 8.65 8.64 8.62 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............................. 19.17 19.63 19.69 19.72 19.78 19.84 .3
Mining and logging.............................. 22.28 23.28 23.23 23.14 23.12 23.30 .8
Construction.................................... 21.58 22.28 22.41 22.43 22.44 22.61 .8
Manufacturing................................... 17.64 17.94 17.96 17.99 18.06 18.08 .1
Excluding overtime(4)........................ 16.82 17.25 17.33 17.36 17.46 17.48 .1
Durable goods.................................. 18.58 18.91 18.94 18.99 19.07 19.16 .5
Nondurable goods............................... 16.05 16.37 16.39 16.43 16.50 16.44 -.4
Private service-providing.................. 17.58 18.03 18.10 18.14 18.17 18.20 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 16.07 16.29 16.31 16.36 16.38 16.38 .0
Wholesale trade................................ 20.04 20.29 20.31 20.41 20.49 20.56 .3
Retail trade................................... 12.83 12.93 12.94 12.97 12.96 12.98 .2
Transportation and warehousing................. 18.25 18.66 18.66 18.72 18.72 18.69 -.2
Utilities...................................... 28.79 28.91 29.16 29.22 29.67 29.25 -1.4
Information..................................... 24.58 24.94 24.91 24.98 25.07 25.19 .5
Financial activities............................ 20.12 20.41 20.53 20.53 20.56 20.64 .4
Professional and business services.............. 20.78 21.78 21.97 22.04 22.20 22.33 .6
Education and health services................... 18.69 19.13 19.20 19.18 19.23 19.21 -.1
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.75 10.90 10.94 10.97 10.98 10.98 .0
Other services.................................. 15.94 16.29 16.29 16.30 16.25 16.24 -.1
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.
Change was -.2 percent from Jan. 2009 to Feb. 2009, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009p 2009p Feb. 2009-
Mar. 2009p
Total private......................... 106.2 99.3 99.6 99.5 107.5 104.1 103.2 102.5 101.9 100.9 -1.0
Goods-producing........................... 97.2 84.0 81.9 81.1 100.2 92.0 90.4 88.1 86.5 84.1 -2.8
Mining and logging............................ 134.8 132.5 129.8 123.8 139.7 143.2 139.1 138.3 135.6 128.8 -5.0
Construction.................................. 104.1 88.2 85.7 85.9 111.5 100.5 99.8 97.5 96.5 93.4 -3.2
Manufacturing................................. 92.3 80.2 78.3 77.1 93.2 86.0 84.0 81.7 79.8 78.1 -2.1
Durable goods................................ 95.1 80.2 78.1 76.5 95.8 87.1 84.6 81.6 79.4 77.3 -2.6
Wood products............................... 78.6 60.9 57.9 59.1 81.2 70.5 66.7 64.6 62.1 62.0 -.2
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 92.3 74.5 71.9 72.5 96.3 86.3 84.0 81.0 78.7 76.4 -2.9
Primary metals.............................. 91.6 75.6 71.0 69.9 91.5 81.5 78.1 75.6 71.9 70.1 -2.5
Fabricated metal products................... 104.3 89.1 86.3 83.4 104.9 96.6 93.8 89.8 87.1 84.0 -3.6
Machinery................................... 104.5 91.3 88.5 84.8 104.8 96.7 94.8 91.8 88.6 85.3 -3.7
Computer and electronic products............ 103.2 95.7 93.3 90.8 103.5 99.7 96.8 96.4 93.9 90.9 -3.2
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 89.3 81.8 78.2 74.8 89.9 86.1 83.8 81.8 79.0 75.6 -4.3
Transportation equipment.................... 93.9 71.7 72.3 71.1 93.6 81.0 79.0 73.2 72.6 71.1 -2.1
Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 78.7 51.2 52.8 51.9 78.2 63.9 61.3 53.5 53.0 51.8 -2.3
Furniture and related products.............. 78.8 63.5 60.8 60.9 79.8 67.4 66.1 64.7 62.5 61.5 -1.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 91.1 84.2 82.5 81.8 91.0 87.1 85.9 84.8 83.3 82.1 -1.4
Nondurable goods............................. 87.5 79.9 78.3 77.9 88.9 84.2 82.8 81.6 80.1 79.4 -.9
Food manufacturing.......................... 98.7 96.1 94.4 94.8 102.1 99.3 98.6 98.7 98.0 98.0 .0
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 89.2 84.9 82.8 82.8 93.8 91.6 89.3 90.1 88.7 87.1 -1.8
Textile mills............................... 51.2 39.6 37.3 37.4 50.9 42.6 40.7 39.7 38.1 37.4 -1.8
Textile product mills....................... 73.8 61.6 60.8 58.7 73.3 67.5 65.0 62.7 61.3 58.6 -4.4
Apparel..................................... 58.1 47.7 47.4 48.3 58.2 52.7 51.3 49.7 48.6 48.6 .0
Leather and allied products................. 70.3 60.0 56.0 57.8 69.6 62.0 62.5 60.9 58.3 58.3 .0
Paper and paper products.................... 84.4 77.3 75.2 73.3 85.6 80.9 79.8 77.9 76.3 74.8 -2.0
Printing and related support activities..... 89.2 77.6 75.9 75.7 89.2 82.5 80.6 78.7 76.9 75.8 -1.4
Petroleum and coal products................. 96.0 87.4 83.5 82.5 101.0 98.6 98.4 93.3 88.9 88.1 -.9
Chemicals................................... 96.3 89.7 89.9 89.0 96.4 93.4 91.8 91.0 90.3 89.4 -1.0
Plastics and rubber products................ 89.5 77.0 74.9 73.4 90.1 82.9 80.2 78.0 76.1 74.7 -1.8
Private service-providing................. 108.8 103.5 104.9 104.7 109.5 107.5 107.0 106.6 105.9 105.5 -.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 103.7 97.8 97.3 97.7 105.1 101.4 100.6 100.2 99.4 99.1 -.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 110.3 103.4 103.6 102.6 110.5 107.0 105.5 105.6 104.3 103.1 -1.2
Retail trade................................. 99.5 94.5 94.1 94.3 101.9 97.9 97.1 96.8 96.8 96.3 -.5
Transportation and warehousing............... 108.5 100.4 99.0 100.7 109.4 104.5 104.2 102.8 101.2 101.7 .5
Utilities.................................... 97.9 99.7 101.2 98.6 98.9 98.7 100.2 100.1 101.5 99.6 -1.9
Information................................... 101.1 97.5 98.3 97.9 100.7 100.2 99.6 99.4 98.4 97.8 -.6
Financial activities.......................... 108.6 104.8 106.9 105.5 108.0 107.3 106.2 106.5 105.9 105.0 -.8
Professional and business services............ 114.6 105.9 106.6 106.2 115.2 112.0 110.8 110.1 108.5 107.2 -1.2
Education and health services................. 116.2 116.1 118.2 118.1 115.4 116.6 116.9 117.2 116.9 117.3 .3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 107.5 98.2 102.5 102.8 110.7 108.2 107.8 106.7 107.3 106.1 -1.1
Other services................................ 99.8 96.1 97.0 96.7 100.2 99.1 98.3 98.2 97.6 97.2 -.4
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours
by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average
weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009p 2009p Feb. 2009-
Mar. 2009p
Total private......................... 127.5 122.6 123.6 123.4 128.6 127.6 126.9 126.2 125.7 124.8 -0.7
Goods-producing........................... 113.4 101.0 98.5 98.0 117.6 110.6 109.0 106.4 104.7 102.2 -2.4
Mining and logging............................ 174.7 180.4 175.2 167.7 181.0 193.9 188.0 186.2 182.4 174.5 -4.3
Construction.................................. 120.5 106.3 103.0 104.3 130.0 120.9 120.8 118.0 116.9 114.0 -2.5
Manufacturing................................. 106.3 94.6 92.5 91.1 107.5 100.9 98.7 96.1 94.2 92.3 -2.0
Durable goods................................ 110.2 95.1 93.0 91.6 111.2 102.9 100.1 96.8 94.5 92.4 -2.2
Nondurable goods............................. 99.0 93.2 91.3 90.2 100.8 97.4 95.9 94.7 93.4 92.3 -1.2
Private service-providing................. 132.0 129.4 131.8 131.4 132.0 132.8 132.8 132.6 131.9 131.6 -.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 119.4 114.2 114.4 114.5 120.5 117.9 117.0 116.9 116.2 115.8 -.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 130.5 124.6 126.0 124.7 130.5 127.9 126.2 126.9 125.9 124.9 -.8
Retail trade................................. 109.9 105.0 104.7 105.3 112.1 108.5 107.7 107.7 107.6 107.1 -.5
Transportation and warehousing............... 125.3 119.0 117.9 118.9 126.6 123.7 123.3 122.1 120.2 120.6 .3
Utilities.................................... 118.1 121.9 125.4 120.9 118.9 119.1 121.9 122.1 125.7 121.6 -3.3
Information................................... 123.3 120.8 122.2 122.5 122.5 123.8 122.8 122.9 122.1 122.0 -.1
Financial activities.......................... 135.5 132.7 136.6 134.9 134.4 135.4 134.9 135.1 134.6 134.0 -.4
Professional and business services............ 143.2 139.6 142.8 142.5 142.5 145.1 144.9 144.3 143.3 142.4 -.6
Education and health services................. 143.2 147.0 149.6 149.2 141.8 146.7 147.5 147.8 147.8 148.1 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 131.5 123.0 128.8 128.3 135.1 133.9 133.9 132.9 133.8 132.3 -1.1
Other services................................ 117.2 114.4 115.4 115.4 116.4 117.6 116.6 116.6 115.6 115.0 -.5
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate
payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of
average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 271 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2005 .............. 52.6 60.1 54.1 58.1 56.8 58.3 58.5 59.2 54.2 55.9 62.7 57.6
2006 .............. 64.9 62.2 63.8 59.8 49.1 51.8 59.2 55.4 55.7 56.3 59.4 60.7
2007 .............. 53.5 55.5 52.4 49.4 55.9 48.3 50.7 46.5 55.9 57.2 59.4 57.9
2008 .............. 42.1 40.6 44.1 41.1 42.6 36.9 37.6 39.1 34.7 33.0 27.1 20.5
2009 .............. 22.1 p21.4 p22.0
Over 3-month span:
2005 .............. 51.7 57.2 59.0 59.8 57.9 62.0 60.5 62.9 60.3 55.5 56.3 62.7
2006 .............. 67.7 68.6 65.1 65.1 60.5 58.9 55.5 57.0 55.0 54.4 59.0 64.2
2007 .............. 62.5 54.8 54.2 54.8 54.1 50.4 52.8 48.7 53.3 53.9 58.3 62.5
2008 .............. 57.7 44.8 40.2 39.7 37.3 33.6 33.6 32.8 34.9 33.2 26.9 20.8
2009 .............. 18.6 p15.3 p16.4
Over 6-month span:
2005 .............. 55.4 57.9 58.1 57.0 58.3 60.9 63.1 63.3 61.6 59.6 61.4 62.5
2006 .............. 64.6 63.8 67.5 66.2 65.5 66.6 60.3 61.1 57.9 57.9 62.4 59.0
2007 .............. 60.3 57.2 60.5 58.3 55.5 56.5 52.8 52.4 56.6 54.4 56.8 59.0
2008 .............. 56.6 53.0 50.7 47.4 40.2 33.4 31.0 33.4 30.6 29.0 26.0 24.4
2009 .............. 21.6 p18.6 p15.7
Over 12-month span:
2005 .............. 60.9 60.9 60.0 59.2 58.3 60.3 61.3 63.3 60.7 59.2 59.8 61.8
2006 .............. 67.2 65.5 65.9 62.9 65.5 66.8 64.8 64.4 66.6 65.9 64.9 66.2
2007 .............. 63.3 59.4 61.1 59.6 59.2 58.3 56.8 57.2 59.4 58.9 58.1 59.6
2008 .............. 54.4 56.1 52.6 49.1 50.2 47.8 43.7 42.3 38.0 37.8 32.3 28.2
2009 .............. 24.0 p22.5 p20.1
Manufacturing payrolls, 83 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2005 .............. 36.7 46.4 42.2 46.4 40.4 33.7 41.0 43.4 45.8 47.6 44.6 47.0
2006 .............. 57.8 49.4 53.6 47.0 37.3 50.6 49.4 42.2 40.4 42.8 41.0 44.0
2007 .............. 44.6 41.0 30.7 24.7 38.0 32.5 43.4 30.7 39.2 42.8 60.8 48.2
2008 .............. 30.7 28.9 37.3 32.5 40.4 25.3 25.9 27.7 22.9 18.7 15.1 10.2
2009 .............. 6.0 p11.4 p15.7
Over 3-month span:
2005 .............. 36.7 43.4 41.0 41.6 35.5 36.1 34.9 36.7 42.2 44.0 38.6 48.8
2006 .............. 56.6 57.2 48.2 48.2 44.6 50.0 43.4 45.2 36.7 33.1 35.5 39.2
2007 .............. 40.4 33.1 33.1 28.9 29.5 30.1 31.9 28.9 30.7 30.7 39.2 51.2
2008 .............. 48.8 33.7 28.3 29.5 26.5 22.9 19.9 16.9 22.3 21.1 15.1 11.4
2009 .............. 6.0 p3.0 p6.0
Over 6-month span:
2005 .............. 33.7 39.8 38.0 36.1 35.5 34.9 39.8 36.1 36.1 38.0 36.7 39.8
2006 .............. 45.2 45.2 50.6 48.8 50.6 50.0 45.2 47.0 43.4 42.2 39.8 34.3
2007 .............. 37.3 33.1 29.5 28.9 30.7 34.9 28.9 26.5 29.5 28.3 33.7 38.0
2008 .............. 34.3 30.1 37.3 35.5 25.3 20.5 17.5 18.1 16.9 13.3 11.4 9.6
2009 .............. 9.0 p6.0 p3.6
Over 12-month span:
2005 .............. 45.2 44.0 42.2 41.0 36.7 35.5 32.5 34.3 33.1 33.7 33.7 38.0
2006 .............. 44.0 41.0 41.0 39.8 39.8 45.2 42.2 42.8 47.0 48.8 45.8 44.6
2007 .............. 39.8 36.7 37.3 30.7 28.9 29.5 30.7 28.9 33.1 28.9 34.3 35.5
2008 .............. 27.7 28.9 25.9 25.3 30.7 27.1 24.7 19.3 21.7 21.7 16.9 15.1
2009 .............. 8.4 p4.8 p7.2
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
United States Department of Labor
