Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-0448
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release
http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, April 4, 2008.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MARCH 2008
The unemployment rate rose from 4.8 to 5.1 percent in March, and nonfarm
payroll employment continued to trend down (-80,000), the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Over the past
3 months, payroll employment has declined by 232,000. In March, employment
continued to fall in construction, manufacturing, and employment services,
while health care, food services, and mining added jobs. Average hourly
earnings rose by 5 cents, or 0.3 percent, over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons increased by 434,000 to 7.8 million in
March, and the unemployment rate rose by 0.3 percentage point to 5.1 per-
cent. Since March 2007, the number of unemployed persons has increased by
1.1 million, and the unemployment rate has risen by 0.7 percentage point.
(See table A-1.)
Over the month, unemployment rates rose for adult men (to 4.6 percent),
adult women (4.6 percent), and Hispanics (6.9 percent). The jobless rates
edged up for blacks (to 9.0 percent) and whites (4.5 percent), while the
rate for teenagers (15.8 percent) was essentially unchanged. The unemploy-
ment rate for Asians was 3.6 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables
A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
In March, the number of persons unemployed because they lost jobs increased
by 300,000 to 4.2 million. Over the past 12 months, the number of unemployed
job losers has increased by 914,000. (See table A-8.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
The civilian labor force rose to 153.8 million over the month, offsetting a
decline in the prior month. The labor force participation rate was 66.0 percent
in March and has remained at or near that level since last spring. Total employ-
ment held at 146.0 million. The employment-population ratio was little changed
over the month at 62.6 percent. The ratio was down from its most recent peak of
63.4 percent in December 2006. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons, at 4.9 million
in March, was little changed over the month, but has risen by 629,000 over the past
12 months. This category includes persons who indicated that they were working
part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find
full-time jobs. (See table A-5.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to
the labor force in March. These individuals wanted and were available for work and
had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as un-
employed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
Among the marginally attached, there were 401,000 discouraged workers in March, about
the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers are defined as persons not currently
looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them.
The other 951,000 persons classified as marginally attached to the labor force in
March cited reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See
table A-13.)
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
_______________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data | Feb.-
Category |_________________|__________________________| Mar.
| | | | | | change
| IV | I | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |
| 2007 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 |
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Civilian labor force ....| 153,667| 153,661| 153,824| 153,374| 153,784| 410
Employment ............| 146,291| 146,070| 146,248| 145,993| 145,969| -24
Unemployment ..........| 7,375| 7,591| 7,576| 7,381| 7,815| 434
Not in labor force ......| 79,270| 79,146| 78,792| 79,436| 79,211| -225
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Unemployment rates
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
All workers .............| 4.8| 4.9| 4.9| 4.8| 5.1| 0.3
Adult men .............| 4.3| 4.4| 4.4| 4.3| 4.6| .3
Adult women ...........| 4.2| 4.3| 4.2| 4.2| 4.6| .4
Teenagers .............| 16.4| 16.8| 18.0| 16.6| 15.8| -.8
White .................| 4.3| 4.4| 4.4| 4.3| 4.5| .2
Black or African | | | | | |
American ............| 8.6| 8.8| 9.2| 8.3| 9.0| .7
Hispanic or Latino | | | | | |
ethnicity ...........| 5.9| 6.5| 6.3| 6.2| 6.9| .7
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Nonfarm employment.......| 138,031|p137,925| 138,002|p137,926|p137,846| p-80
Goods-producing (1)....| 22,042| p21,821| 21,907| p21,825| p21,732| p-93
Construction ........| 7,521| p7,384| 7,426| p7,389| p7,338| p-51
Manufacturing .......| 13,788| p13,690| 13,737| p13,691| p13,643| p-48
Service-providing (1)..| 115,989|p116,103| 116,095|p116,101|p116,114| p13
Retail trade (2)...| 15,490| p15,437| 15,472| p15,426| p15,413| p-12
Professional and | | | | | |
business services .| 18,093| p18,069| 18,101| p18,071| p18,036| p-35
Education and health | | | | | |
services ..........| 18,527| p18,658| 18,617| p18,657| p18,699| p42
Leisure and | | | | | |
hospitality .......| 13,622| p13,663| 13,644| p13,664| p13,682| p18
Government ..........| 22,291| p22,364| 22,336| p22,369| p22,387| p18
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Hours of work (3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 33.8| p33.7| 33.7| p33.7| p33.8| p0.1
Manufacturing .........| 41.2| p41.2| 41.1| p41.2| p41.3| p.1
Overtime ............| 4.1| p4.0| 4.0| p4.0| p4.1| p.1
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 107.7| p107.4| 107.4| p107.3| p107.5| p0.2
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Earnings (3)
|_____________________________________________________
Average hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| $17.64| p$17.81| $17.75| p$17.81| p$17.86| p$0.05
Average weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| 596.34| p600.68| 598.18| p600.20| p603.67| p3.47
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using
unrounded data.
3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.
p = preliminary.
- 3 -
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend down in March (-80,000), and
has fallen by 232,000 over the past 3 months. In March, job losses occurred in con-
struction, manufacturing, and employment services. Employment in health care, food
services, and mining remained on an upward trend. (See table B-1.)
Employment in construction declined by 51,000 in March and has fallen by 394,000
since its peak in September 2006. Most of the March decrease in employment occurred
among specialty trade contractors (-42,000), with both residential and nonresidential
contractors contributing to the decline.
Manufacturing employment fell by 48,000 in March and by 310,000 over the past
12 months. Employment in motor vehicles and parts was down by 24,000 over the month,
largely reflecting the impact of a strike in auto parts manufacturing. The strike
resulted in a parts shortage that led to plant shutdowns elsewhere in the auto indus-
try. During the 12 months ending in February, the motor vehicle and parts industry
lost an average of 6,000 jobs per month. In March, factory employment also fell in
several construction-related industries, including wood products (-5,000), nonmetallic
mineral products (-5,000), and furniture and related products (-5,000). Plastics and
rubber products and textile mills also lost jobs over the month.
Professional and business services employment edged down in March (-35,000). The
number of jobs in the employment services component declined by 42,000 over the month;
about half of the decline occurred in the temporary help services industry. Employ-
ment services has lost 210,000 jobs since its most recent peak in August 2006. In
March, employment in professional and technical services showed little change for the
third month in a row. This industry had added an average of 27,000 jobs per month
in 2007.
In March, employment in retail trade was little changed. Job losses continued in
building material and garden supply stores (-9,000), furniture and home furnishings
stores (-5,000), and department stores (-5,000). Over the past 12 months, retail
trade has lost 107,000 jobs.
Employment in financial activities changed little in March. Credit intermediation
employment edged down over the month and has fallen by 120,000 since its most recent
peak in October 2006.
Health care employment continued to expand in March, rising by 23,000. Hospitals
added 14,000 jobs. Over the past 12 months, health care has added 363,000 jobs.
Social assistance employment edged up over the month (11,000).
In March, food services employment continued to trend upward (23,000). Employment
in the industry has increased by 288,000 over the past 12 months. Employment in mining
rose by 6,000 in March. Support activities for mining, particularly those related to
oil and gas extraction, accounted for about two-thirds of the increase.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
In March, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manu-
facturing workweek, at 41.3 hours, and factory overtime, at 4.1 hours, rose by 0.1 hour
over the month. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on non-
farm payrolls rose by 0.2 percent in March to 107.5 (2002=100). The manufacturing index
was unchanged at 93.4. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
In March, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on pri-
vate nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $17.86, seasonally adjusted.
This followed gains of 5 cents in January and 6 cents in February. Average weekly
earnings rose by 0.6 percent in March to $603.67. Over the past 12 months, average
hourly earnings increased by 3.6 percent and average weekly earnings rose by 3.3 per-
cent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for April 2008 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, May 2, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
- 4 -
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The estab-
lishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea-
surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is
statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for
a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.
However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establish-
ment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the
establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of
employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the
legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include
at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many
are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about
whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these ques-
tions show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor
force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force from 2000
to 2007.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the
time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey
revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the
survey. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark
revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts
available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps
to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.
gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes
the self-employed?
While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household
survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These
estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.
- 5 -
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment esti-
mate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to
achieve that goal.
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs
impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net
impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into
the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its
appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of
households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and
available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary
layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no
requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the
monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force
who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of
labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially
counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news
release.
- 6 -
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the informa-
tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the
A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 house-
holds conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the
B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The sample
includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap-
proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes
about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn
from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establish-
ment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th,
which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, pro-
fession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility
for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force.
The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor
force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent
of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population.
- 7 -
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri-
vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the
basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of
the North American Industry Classification System.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and method-
ological differences between the household and establishment surveys result
in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the sur-
veys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because in-
dividuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The ef-
fect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctua-
tions may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes
in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by ad-
justing the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make non-
seasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is
likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May,
making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen
or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted
to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made
correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to ana-
lyze changes in economic activity.
- 8 -
Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the
household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super-
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in-
dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is
derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components;
this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di-
rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more
detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated
each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the
current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to
adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however,
new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent
monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made
once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the en-
tire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 stand-
ard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error.
BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, oc-
curred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19
percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of esti-
mates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for
quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also im-
prove the stability of the monthly estimates.
- 9 -
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for
all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent
2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth,
an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business
births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for
business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative
estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi-
ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation.
The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de-
rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and
reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five
years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent,
ranging from less than 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 231,034 232,809 232,995 231,034 232,939 233,156 232,616 232,809 232,995
Civilian labor force....................... 152,236 152,503 153,135 152,884 153,828 153,866 153,824 153,374 153,784
Participation rate................... 65.9 65.5 65.7 66.2 66.0 66.0 66.1 65.9 66.0
Employed................................. 145,323 144,550 145,108 146,145 146,647 146,211 146,248 145,993 145,969
Employment-population ratio.......... 62.9 62.1 62.3 63.3 63.0 62.7 62.9 62.7 62.6
Unemployed............................... 6,913 7,953 8,027 6,738 7,181 7,655 7,576 7,381 7,815
Unemployment rate.................... 4.5 5.2 5.2 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1
Not in labor force......................... 78,798 80,306 79,860 78,150 79,111 79,290 78,792 79,436 79,211
Persons who currently want a job......... 4,365 4,689 4,492 4,542 4,655 4,697 4,857 4,772 4,730
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 111,733 112,596 112,695 111,733 112,737 112,852 112,493 112,596 112,695
Civilian labor force....................... 81,600 81,515 81,849 81,997 82,515 82,448 82,355 82,132 82,184
Participation rate................... 73.0 72.4 72.6 73.4 73.2 73.1 73.2 72.9 72.9
Employed................................. 77,553 76,853 77,198 78,297 78,604 78,260 78,157 78,113 77,948
Employment-population ratio.......... 69.4 68.3 68.5 70.1 69.7 69.3 69.5 69.4 69.2
Unemployed............................... 4,047 4,661 4,651 3,700 3,910 4,188 4,197 4,019 4,236
Unemployment rate.................... 5.0 5.7 5.7 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.2
Not in labor force......................... 30,133 31,081 30,846 29,737 30,223 30,404 30,139 30,464 30,511
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 103,143 103,961 104,052 103,143 104,087 104,197 103,866 103,961 104,052
Civilian labor force....................... 78,217 78,378 78,691 78,410 79,075 79,004 78,864 78,748 78,838
Participation rate................... 75.8 75.4 75.6 76.0 76.0 75.8 75.9 75.7 75.8
Employed................................. 74,737 74,365 74,620 75,286 75,834 75,499 75,427 75,362 75,197
Employment-population ratio.......... 72.5 71.5 71.7 73.0 72.9 72.5 72.6 72.5 72.3
Unemployed............................... 3,480 4,013 4,071 3,124 3,240 3,505 3,437 3,386 3,641
Unemployment rate.................... 4.4 5.1 5.2 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6
Not in labor force......................... 24,926 25,583 25,362 24,733 25,012 25,193 25,002 25,213 25,214
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 119,300 120,213 120,300 119,300 120,202 120,304 120,123 120,213 120,300
Civilian labor force....................... 70,636 70,988 71,286 70,887 71,313 71,418 71,469 71,241 71,600
Participation rate................... 59.2 59.1 59.3 59.4 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.3 59.5
Employed................................. 67,771 67,696 67,911 67,849 68,043 67,951 68,091 67,880 68,021
Employment-population ratio.......... 56.8 56.3 56.5 56.9 56.6 56.5 56.7 56.5 56.5
Unemployed............................... 2,865 3,292 3,376 3,038 3,271 3,467 3,378 3,361 3,579
Unemployment rate.................... 4.1 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.7 5.0
Not in labor force......................... 48,665 49,225 49,014 48,413 48,889 48,886 48,654 48,972 48,700
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 110,964 111,822 111,902 110,964 111,805 111,903 111,739 111,822 111,902
Civilian labor force....................... 67,453 67,793 68,115 67,446 67,776 67,866 67,982 67,816 68,159
Participation rate................... 60.8 60.6 60.9 60.8 60.6 60.6 60.8 60.6 60.9
Employed................................. 64,975 64,943 65,142 64,859 64,980 64,912 65,098 64,950 65,055
Employment-population ratio.......... 58.6 58.1 58.2 58.5 58.1 58.0 58.3 58.1 58.1
Unemployed............................... 2,478 2,851 2,974 2,588 2,796 2,954 2,885 2,865 3,104
Unemployment rate.................... 3.7 4.2 4.4 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6
Not in labor force......................... 43,510 44,028 43,786 43,517 44,029 44,037 43,756 44,006 43,743
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 16,927 17,027 17,041 16,927 17,048 17,056 17,012 17,027 17,041
Civilian labor force....................... 6,566 6,331 6,329 7,028 6,977 6,996 6,978 6,810 6,787
Participation rate................... 38.8 37.2 37.1 41.5 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.0 39.8
Employed................................. 5,611 5,242 5,347 6,000 5,832 5,801 5,724 5,681 5,717
Employment-population ratio.......... 33.1 30.8 31.4 35.4 34.2 34.0 33.6 33.4 33.5
Unemployed............................... 954 1,089 982 1,027 1,145 1,196 1,254 1,130 1,070
Unemployment rate.................... 14.5 17.2 15.5 14.6 16.4 17.1 18.0 16.6 15.8
Not in labor force......................... 10,362 10,695 10,712 9,900 10,071 10,059 10,034 10,216 10,254
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 187,704 188,906 189,019 187,704 188,956 189,093 188,787 188,906 189,019
Civilian labor force....................... 124,328 124,361 124,679 124,852 125,430 125,460 125,340 124,940 125,190
Participation rate..................... 66.2 65.8 66.0 66.5 66.4 66.3 66.4 66.1 66.2
Employed................................. 119,375 118,395 118,827 120,065 120,194 119,889 119,858 119,534 119,574
Employment-population ratio............ 63.6 62.7 62.9 64.0 63.6 63.4 63.5 63.3 63.3
Unemployed............................... 4,953 5,966 5,853 4,787 5,235 5,571 5,482 5,406 5,616
Unemployment rate...................... 4.0 4.8 4.7 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.5
Not in labor force......................... 63,376 64,545 64,339 62,852 63,526 63,633 63,447 63,966 63,829
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 65,059 65,023 65,292 65,174 65,521 65,506 65,470 65,270 65,342
Participation rate..................... 76.4 75.9 76.1 76.6 76.4 76.3 76.4 76.1 76.2
Employed................................. 62,544 61,947 62,214 62,975 63,111 62,929 62,924 62,745 62,665
Employment-population ratio............ 73.5 72.3 72.5 74.0 73.6 73.3 73.5 73.2 73.1
Unemployed............................... 2,515 3,075 3,078 2,200 2,409 2,577 2,546 2,524 2,677
Unemployment rate...................... 3.9 4.7 4.7 3.4 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 53,835 54,149 54,201 53,834 54,206 54,286 54,192 54,078 54,264
Participation rate..................... 60.1 60.1 60.1 60.1 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.0 60.2
Employed................................. 52,109 52,055 52,093 52,022 52,220 52,107 52,143 52,004 52,061
Employment-population ratio............ 58.2 57.8 57.8 58.1 58.0 57.8 57.9 57.7 57.7
Unemployed............................... 1,726 2,094 2,108 1,812 1,986 2,179 2,049 2,075 2,202
Unemployment rate...................... 3.2 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 5,434 5,189 5,187 5,844 5,703 5,668 5,678 5,592 5,584
Participation rate..................... 41.8 39.7 39.7 44.9 43.6 43.3 43.5 42.8 42.7
Employed................................. 4,722 4,393 4,519 5,068 4,863 4,853 4,791 4,785 4,848
Employment-population ratio............ 36.3 33.6 34.6 38.9 37.2 37.1 36.7 36.6 37.1
Unemployed............................... 712 796 667 776 840 815 887 807 736
Unemployment rate...................... 13.1 15.3 12.9 13.3 14.7 14.4 15.6 14.4 13.2
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 27,346 27,675 27,709 27,346 27,666 27,704 27,640 27,675 27,709
Civilian labor force....................... 17,312 17,412 17,601 17,418 17,453 17,538 17,713 17,632 17,702
Participation rate..................... 63.3 62.9 63.5 63.7 63.1 63.3 64.1 63.7 63.9
Employed................................. 15,874 15,947 16,010 15,979 15,980 15,961 16,090 16,169 16,116
Employment-population ratio............ 58.0 57.6 57.8 58.4 57.8 57.6 58.2 58.4 58.2
Unemployed............................... 1,439 1,465 1,591 1,439 1,473 1,577 1,623 1,463 1,586
Unemployment rate...................... 8.3 8.4 9.0 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.2 8.3 9.0
Not in labor force......................... 10,034 10,263 10,109 9,928 10,212 10,165 9,927 10,043 10,007
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 7,732 7,854 7,839 7,804 7,889 7,883 7,916 7,947 7,922
Participation rate..................... 70.3 70.6 70.4 71.0 70.8 70.7 71.3 71.5 71.2
Employed................................. 7,017 7,178 7,140 7,109 7,268 7,218 7,259 7,320 7,255
Employment-population ratio............ 63.8 64.6 64.1 64.7 65.3 64.7 65.4 65.8 65.2
Unemployed............................... 715 676 698 695 621 665 656 627 667
Unemployment rate...................... 9.2 8.6 8.9 8.9 7.9 8.4 8.3 7.9 8.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,823 8,805 9,032 8,828 8,777 8,803 8,921 8,866 9,016
Participation rate..................... 64.3 63.4 64.9 64.3 63.3 63.4 64.3 63.8 64.8
Employed................................. 8,289 8,238 8,368 8,278 8,159 8,187 8,266 8,289 8,336
Employment-population ratio............ 60.4 59.3 60.2 60.3 58.8 59.0 59.6 59.6 59.9
Unemployed............................... 535 566 664 550 618 617 654 577 680
Unemployment rate...................... 6.1 6.4 7.3 6.2 7.0 7.0 7.3 6.5 7.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 757 753 730 787 787 851 876 819 764
Participation rate..................... 28.8 28.3 27.4 30.0 29.6 32.0 33.0 30.8 28.7
Employed................................. 568 531 501 592 553 556 564 560 525
Employment-population ratio............ 21.7 19.9 18.8 22.6 20.8 20.9 21.2 21.0 19.7
Unemployed............................... 189 222 229 194 234 295 313 259 239
Unemployment rate...................... 24.9 29.5 31.3 24.7 29.7 34.7 35.7 31.7 31.3
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 10,579 10,712 10,645 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Civilian labor force....................... 7,020 7,159 7,184 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 66.4 66.8 67.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 6,810 6,942 6,928 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 64.4 64.8 65.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 210 217 256 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 3.0 3.0 3.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Not in labor force......................... 3,559 3,553 3,462 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 31,055 31,732 31,820 31,055 31,809 31,903 31,643 31,732 31,820
Civilian labor force....................... 21,341 21,628 21,750 21,368 21,872 21,888 21,698 21,755 21,775
Participation rate..................... 68.7 68.2 68.4 68.8 68.8 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.4
Employed................................. 20,191 20,146 20,162 20,257 20,623 20,517 20,320 20,401 20,269
Employment-population ratio............ 65.0 63.5 63.4 65.2 64.8 64.3 64.2 64.3 63.7
Unemployed............................... 1,150 1,482 1,588 1,111 1,249 1,371 1,378 1,354 1,507
Unemployment rate...................... 5.4 6.9 7.3 5.2 5.7 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.9
Not in labor force......................... 9,714 10,105 10,071 9,687 9,938 10,016 9,946 9,977 10,045
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 12,309 12,428 12,554 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 84.9 84.1 84.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 11,702 11,625 11,655 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 80.7 78.7 78.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 607 804 899 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 4.9 6.5 7.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 7,964 8,093 8,100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 58.3 58.0 57.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 7,594 7,620 7,606 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 55.6 54.6 54.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 370 472 494 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 4.6 5.8 6.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 1,069 1,107 1,096 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 36.8 37.0 36.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 895 901 900 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 30.8 30.1 30.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 173 205 195 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 16.2 18.6 17.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force......................... 12,896 11,898 12,032 12,921 12,228 12,291 12,305 12,127 12,058
Participation rate....................... 46.7 45.5 45.9 46.8 46.8 46.5 46.0 46.4 46.0
Employed................................... 11,881 10,878 10,894 12,024 11,296 11,358 11,362 11,236 11,071
Employment-population ratio.............. 43.0 41.6 41.6 43.5 43.3 42.9 42.5 43.0 42.3
Unemployed................................. 1,015 1,020 1,138 896 932 933 943 891 986
Unemployment rate........................ 7.9 8.6 9.5 6.9 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.3 8.2
High school graduates, no college (1)
Civilian labor force......................... 38,739 38,002 38,148 38,457 38,710 38,841 38,364 38,078 37,952
Participation rate....................... 63.1 62.5 62.7 62.6 62.6 62.9 62.9 62.6 62.3
Employed................................... 37,033 35,954 36,027 36,886 36,980 37,034 36,587 36,303 36,016
Employment-population ratio.............. 60.3 59.1 59.2 60.1 59.8 60.0 59.9 59.7 59.1
Unemployed................................. 1,706 2,048 2,121 1,570 1,730 1,807 1,778 1,775 1,936
Unemployment rate........................ 4.4 5.4 5.6 4.1 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.7 5.1
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force......................... 35,434 36,237 36,489 35,493 36,353 36,279 36,492 36,437 36,548
Participation rate....................... 72.1 71.6 72.0 72.2 71.9 72.0 72.5 72.0 72.1
Employed................................... 34,115 34,766 34,990 34,236 35,156 34,924 35,187 35,086 35,142
Employment-population ratio.............. 69.4 68.7 69.0 69.7 69.6 69.3 69.9 69.4 69.3
Unemployed................................. 1,319 1,471 1,498 1,256 1,197 1,355 1,305 1,351 1,405
Unemployment rate........................ 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.8
Bachelor's degree and higher (2)
Civilian labor force......................... 43,532 45,339 45,375 43,643 44,263 44,448 44,604 45,226 45,459
Participation rate....................... 78.4 78.3 78.5 78.6 77.7 77.9 78.0 78.1 78.6
Employed................................... 42,756 44,405 44,451 42,837 43,296 43,476 43,651 44,283 44,501
Employment-population ratio.............. 77.0 76.7 76.9 77.1 76.0 76.2 76.4 76.5 77.0
Unemployed................................. 776 934 923 807 968 972 953 944 958
Unemployment rate........................ 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1
1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. See box note in the BLS news release
USDL 07-0486, "The Employment Situation: March 2007," issued on April 6, 2007, for a discussion of technical issues regarding
educational attainment data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries........... 2,046 1,999 2,057 2,202 2,148 2,248 2,213 2,213 2,192
Wage and salary workers.................... 1,169 1,173 1,218 1,291 1,237 1,368 1,259 1,324 1,331
Self-employed workers...................... 859 808 816 892 895 874 936 873 849
Unpaid family workers...................... 18 18 23 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Nonagricultural industries................... 143,277 142,551 143,051 143,966 144,503 143,933 144,052 143,820 143,796
Wage and salary workers.................... 133,551 133,159 133,849 134,068 135,109 134,605 134,755 134,259 134,411
Government............................... 21,138 21,209 21,484 20,976 20,943 20,780 20,907 21,252 21,262
Private industries....................... 112,413 111,950 112,365 113,098 114,179 113,872 113,846 112,972 113,142
Private households..................... 859 763 744 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Other industries....................... 111,553 111,187 111,621 112,228 113,377 113,035 113,042 112,212 112,383
Self-employed workers...................... 9,606 9,292 9,103 9,731 9,276 9,242 9,161 9,410 9,224
Unpaid family workers...................... 121 100 99 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,384 5,114 5,038 4,285 4,513 4,665 4,769 4,884 4,914
Slack work or business conditions........ 2,856 3,534 3,404 2,786 3,008 3,174 3,247 3,291 3,323
Could only find part-time work........... 1,218 1,260 1,382 1,217 1,223 1,236 1,163 1,222 1,362
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,554 19,847 19,853 20,033 19,539 19,526 19,613 19,348 19,409
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,295 5,007 4,911 4,206 4,453 4,577 4,677 4,790 4,797
Slack work or business conditions........ 2,805 3,459 3,313 2,741 2,981 3,120 3,174 3,231 3,238
Could only find part-time work........... 1,204 1,255 1,370 1,203 1,205 1,219 1,149 1,216 1,354
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,197 19,524 19,553 19,624 19,224 19,225 19,296 19,019 19,072
1 Data not available.
2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as
vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked
only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 145,323 144,550 145,108 146,145 146,647 146,211 146,248 145,993 145,969
16 to 19 years............................. 5,611 5,242 5,347 6,000 5,832 5,801 5,724 5,681 5,717
16 to 17 years........................... 2,069 1,884 1,904 2,305 2,192 2,183 2,121 2,109 2,125
18 to 19 years........................... 3,543 3,358 3,443 3,691 3,625 3,626 3,603 3,579 3,578
20 years and over.......................... 139,712 139,308 139,762 140,145 140,814 140,410 140,524 140,312 140,252
20 to 24 years........................... 13,927 13,304 13,399 14,184 13,965 13,702 13,794 13,632 13,657
25 years and over........................ 125,785 126,003 126,363 125,922 126,779 126,675 126,640 126,644 126,574
25 to 54 years......................... 100,300 99,503 99,686 100,479 100,605 100,496 100,174 100,057 99,948
25 to 34 years....................... 31,388 31,307 31,388 31,552 31,638 31,633 31,530 31,599 31,581
35 to 44 years....................... 34,458 33,741 33,731 34,490 34,173 34,086 33,931 33,863 33,783
45 to 54 years....................... 34,453 34,456 34,567 34,437 34,794 34,777 34,713 34,595 34,585
55 years and over...................... 25,485 26,500 26,677 25,443 26,174 26,179 26,466 26,587 26,626
Men, 16 years and over....................... 77,553 76,853 77,198 78,297 78,604 78,260 78,157 78,113 77,948
16 to 19 years............................. 2,816 2,488 2,578 3,011 2,770 2,761 2,731 2,751 2,751
16 to 17 years........................... 1,004 827 864 1,127 959 986 950 966 971
18 to 19 years........................... 1,811 1,662 1,714 1,892 1,791 1,766 1,780 1,782 1,780
20 years and over.......................... 74,737 74,365 74,620 75,286 75,834 75,499 75,427 75,362 75,197
20 to 24 years........................... 7,270 6,996 7,099 7,446 7,466 7,244 7,312 7,219 7,268
25 years and over........................ 67,466 67,369 67,521 67,817 68,328 68,264 68,060 68,129 67,938
25 to 54 years......................... 54,025 53,417 53,455 54,348 54,422 54,383 54,041 54,016 53,847
25 to 34 years....................... 17,311 17,042 17,051 17,478 17,466 17,451 17,348 17,346 17,255
35 to 44 years....................... 18,651 18,255 18,245 18,765 18,559 18,507 18,335 18,400 18,359
45 to 54 years....................... 18,062 18,120 18,159 18,105 18,397 18,425 18,357 18,270 18,233
55 years and over...................... 13,442 13,952 14,066 13,469 13,906 13,882 14,020 14,113 14,091
Women, 16 years and over..................... 67,771 67,696 67,911 67,849 68,043 67,951 68,091 67,880 68,021
16 to 19 years............................. 2,796 2,754 2,769 2,990 3,063 3,040 2,993 2,929 2,966
16 to 17 years........................... 1,064 1,058 1,039 1,178 1,233 1,197 1,171 1,143 1,154
18 to 19 years........................... 1,731 1,696 1,729 1,800 1,834 1,860 1,823 1,797 1,798
20 years and over.......................... 64,975 64,943 65,142 64,859 64,980 64,912 65,098 64,950 65,055
20 to 24 years........................... 6,656 6,308 6,300 6,738 6,500 6,458 6,482 6,414 6,389
25 years and over........................ 58,319 58,634 58,842 58,105 58,451 58,411 58,580 58,515 58,636
25 to 54 years......................... 46,275 46,086 46,231 46,130 46,183 46,113 46,133 46,041 46,101
25 to 34 years....................... 14,077 14,265 14,337 14,073 14,172 14,182 14,182 14,254 14,326
35 to 44 years....................... 15,807 15,486 15,486 15,725 15,615 15,579 15,596 15,463 15,423
45 to 54 years....................... 16,391 16,336 16,409 16,332 16,396 16,352 16,355 16,325 16,352
55 years and over...................... 12,044 12,548 12,611 11,974 12,268 12,297 12,447 12,474 12,535
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 46,452 45,949 45,916 46,505 46,339 46,213 46,063 46,136 45,961
Married women, spouse present................ 36,252 35,727 35,864 36,174 35,689 35,565 35,536 35,648 35,749
Women who maintain families.................. 9,233 9,051 9,093 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (2)........................ 119,640 119,452 119,875 120,966 122,020 121,428 121,202 121,275 121,231
Part-time workers (3)........................ 25,684 25,098 25,233 25,100 24,631 24,740 25,043 24,697 24,691
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders.................... 7,808 7,610 7,499 7,729 7,640 7,416 7,557 7,582 7,449
Percent of total employed................ 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1
1 Data not available.
2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1)
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 6,738 7,381 7,815 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1
16 to 19 years............................. 1,027 1,130 1,070 14.6 16.4 17.1 18.0 16.6 15.8
16 to 17 years........................... 450 471 485 16.3 19.0 19.6 20.4 18.3 18.6
18 to 19 years........................... 580 656 584 13.6 14.4 15.4 15.9 15.5 14.0
20 years and over.......................... 5,711 6,251 6,745 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.6
20 to 24 years........................... 1,167 1,325 1,394 7.6 8.0 9.4 8.7 8.9 9.3
25 years and over........................ 4,509 4,948 5,294 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0
25 to 54 years......................... 3,677 4,058 4,342 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.2
25 to 34 years....................... 1,448 1,584 1,775 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.3
35 to 44 years....................... 1,135 1,260 1,321 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.8
45 to 54 years....................... 1,094 1,214 1,246 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5
55 years and over...................... 819 888 931 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4
Men, 16 years and over....................... 3,700 4,019 4,236 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.2
16 to 19 years............................. 576 633 595 16.1 19.5 19.8 21.8 18.7 17.8
16 to 17 years........................... 242 250 273 17.7 21.4 22.1 24.0 20.5 22.0
18 to 19 years........................... 333 392 320 15.0 17.8 18.4 19.5 18.0 15.2
20 years and over.......................... 3,124 3,386 3,641 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6
20 to 24 years........................... 669 791 830 8.2 8.6 9.8 9.4 9.9 10.3
25 years and over........................ 2,455 2,632 2,807 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.0
25 to 54 years......................... 1,998 2,163 2,324 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.1
25 to 34 years....................... 792 878 977 4.3 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.4
35 to 44 years....................... 625 639 690 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.6
45 to 54 years....................... 581 646 657 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5
55 years and over...................... 457 469 482 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3
Women, 16 years and over..................... 3,038 3,361 3,579 4.3 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.7 5.0
16 to 19 years............................. 451 496 475 13.1 13.4 14.4 14.2 14.5 13.8
16 to 17 years........................... 207 222 212 15.0 17.1 17.3 17.2 16.2 15.5
18 to 19 years........................... 247 264 265 12.1 10.7 12.3 12.1 12.8 12.8
20 years and over.......................... 2,588 2,865 3,104 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6
20 to 24 years........................... 497 535 563 6.9 7.4 8.8 8.0 7.7 8.1
25 years and over........................ 2,054 2,317 2,488 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.1
25 to 54 years......................... 1,679 1,895 2,018 3.5 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.2
25 to 34 years....................... 656 706 798 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.3
35 to 44 years....................... 510 621 631 3.1 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.9
45 to 54 years....................... 513 568 589 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5
55 years and over (2).................. 341 432 438 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.3 3.4
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 1,169 1,271 1,337 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8
Married women, spouse present................ 962 1,132 1,226 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3
Women who maintain families (2).............. 667 655 694 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.7 7.1
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (3)........................ 5,521 6,092 6,415 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.0
Part-time workers (4)........................ 1,176 1,288 1,377 4.5 5.0 5.6 5.4 5.0 5.3
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Not seasonally adjusted.
3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on
layoff from full-time jobs.
4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on
layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs.............................. 3,487 4,471 4,555 3,240 3,609 3,857 3,796 3,854 4,154
On temporary layoff........................ 1,078 1,351 1,341 865 979 975 1,040 971 1,056
Not on temporary layoff.................... 2,409 3,120 3,214 2,375 2,630 2,882 2,756 2,883 3,098
Permanent job losers..................... 1,681 2,204 2,276 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs..... 728 916 938 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers.................................. 749 802 768 755 783 798 830 769 781
Reentrants................................... 2,151 2,139 2,103 2,143 2,160 2,343 2,201 2,112 2,117
New entrants................................. 526 542 601 600 669 697 667 648 681
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 50.4 56.2 56.7 48.1 50.0 50.1 50.7 52.2 53.7
On temporary layoff....................... 15.6 17.0 16.7 12.8 13.6 12.7 13.9 13.2 13.7
Not on temporary layoff................... 34.9 39.2 40.0 35.3 36.4 37.5 36.8 39.0 40.1
Job leavers................................. 10.8 10.1 9.6 11.2 10.8 10.4 11.1 10.4 10.1
Reentrants.................................. 31.1 26.9 26.2 31.8 29.9 30.4 29.4 28.6 27.4
New entrants................................ 7.6 6.8 7.5 8.9 9.3 9.1 8.9 8.8 8.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7
Job leavers................................. .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
Reentrants.................................. 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4
New entrants................................ .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4
1 Data not available.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks...................................... 2,103 2,530 2,550 2,338 2,633 2,793 2,634 2,639 2,767
5 to 14 weeks.......................................... 2,339 2,854 2,782 2,156 2,157 2,330 2,396 2,396 2,525
15 weeks and over...................................... 2,471 2,570 2,696 2,183 2,398 2,520 2,503 2,377 2,400
15 to 26 weeks...................................... 1,189 1,212 1,339 976 1,014 1,182 1,124 1,079 1,118
27 weeks and over................................... 1,282 1,358 1,357 1,207 1,384 1,338 1,380 1,299 1,282
Average (mean) duration, in weeks...................... 18.4 16.8 16.9 17.2 17.2 16.6 17.5 16.8 16.2
Median duration, in weeks.............................. 10.1 8.9 9.4 8.6 8.7 8.4 8.8 8.4 8.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.................................... 30.4 31.8 31.8 35.0 36.6 36.5 35.0 35.6 36.0
5 to 14 weeks........................................ 33.8 35.9 34.7 32.3 30.0 30.5 31.8 32.3 32.8
15 weeks and over.................................... 35.7 32.3 33.6 32.7 33.4 33.0 33.2 32.1 31.2
15 to 26 weeks..................................... 17.2 15.2 16.7 14.6 14.1 15.5 14.9 14.6 14.5
27 weeks and over.................................. 18.5 17.1 16.9 18.1 19.3 17.5 18.3 17.5 16.7
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed rates
Occupation
Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar.
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 145,323 145,108 6,913 8,027 4.5 5.2
Management, professional, and related occupations...... 51,791 52,681 952 1,121 1.8 2.1
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations........................................... 21,412 21,810 426 485 2.0 2.2
Professional and related occupations................. 30,379 30,871 526 636 1.7 2.0
Service occupations.................................... 23,708 23,672 1,491 1,603 5.9 6.3
Sales and office occupations........................... 36,412 36,014 1,525 1,759 4.0 4.7
Sales and related occupations........................ 16,866 16,352 752 825 4.3 4.8
Office and administrative support occupations........ 19,545 19,662 773 935 3.8 4.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................... 15,418 14,473 1,214 1,581 7.3 9.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 915 965 131 160 12.5 14.2
Construction and extraction occupations.............. 9,482 8,473 894 1,232 8.6 12.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,022 5,035 190 190 3.6 3.6
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................... 17,994 18,268 1,184 1,337 6.2 6.8
Production occupations............................... 9,470 9,327 574 659 5.7 6.6
Transportation and material moving occupations....... 8,524 8,940 610 678 6.7 7.1
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar.
2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1).................... 6,913 8,027 4.5 5.2
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........ 5,534 6,480 4.7 5.5
Mining............................................... 24 28 3.2 3.7
Construction......................................... 924 1,170 9.0 12.0
Manufacturing........................................ 742 831 4.5 5.0
Durable goods...................................... 456 507 4.3 4.8
Nondurable goods................................... 286 324 4.8 5.4
Wholesale and retail trade........................... 896 992 4.4 4.9
Transportation and utilities......................... 249 267 4.3 4.3
Information.......................................... 109 155 3.2 4.8
Financial activities................................. 252 323 2.6 3.4
Professional and business services................... 775 876 5.7 6.2
Education and health services........................ 495 609 2.5 3.1
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 845 944 7.0 7.6
Other services....................................... 222 283 3.7 4.6
Agriculture and related private wage and salary
workers............................................... 123 175 9.7 13.2
Government workers..................................... 419 425 1.9 1.9
Self employed and unpaid family workers................ 311 346 2.8 3.3
1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure
Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent
of the civilian labor force....................... 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.... 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian
labor force (official unemployment rate).......... 4.5 5.2 5.2 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers............................... 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.3
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus
all other marginally attached workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers....................... 5.4 6.2 6.1 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.8 5.9
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached
workers, plus total employed part time for
economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all marginally attached
workers........................................... 8.3 9.5 9.3 8.0 8.4 8.8 9.0 8.9 9.1
NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those
who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS
introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Updated population
controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar.
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force........................... 78,798 79,860 30,133 30,846 48,665 49,014
Persons who currently want a job...................... 4,365 4,492 2,005 2,051 2,360 2,442
Searched for work and available to work now (1)..... 1,385 1,352 743 722 642 631
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 381 401 245 245 136 156
Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 1,005 951 499 477 506 474
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,808 7,499 3,923 3,691 3,884 3,808
Percent of total employed.......................... 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.7 5.6
Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 4,208 4,198 2,397 2,276 1,811 1,922
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,904 1,693 559 481 1,344 1,212
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 338 281 206 197 133 83
Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,305 1,288 734 724 571 564
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
These persons are referred to as "marginally attached to the labor force."
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination. These persons are referred to as "discouraged workers."
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health,
and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008p 2008p Feb. 2008-
Mar. 2008p
Total nonfarm......... 136,533 135,912 136,441 137,015 137,310 138,037 138,078 138,002 137,926 137,846 -80
Total private........... 113,983 113,701 113,745 114,214 115,167 115,759 115,745 115,666 115,557 115,459 -98
Goods-producing............. 21,941 21,371 21,253 21,292 22,362 22,049 21,976 21,907 21,825 21,732 -93
Natural resources and mining.... 701 727 728 737 715 735 739 744 745 751 6
Logging...................... 58.8 59.5 58.2 56.4 62.2 59.9 60.6 60.7 60.0 59.5 -.5
Mining......................... 642.4 667.9 669.3 680.9 653.2 675.0 677.9 683.2 685.3 691.4 6.1
Oil and gas extraction........ 141.8 153.5 152.9 155.5 142.8 152.3 153.1 154.5 154.3 156.2 1.9
Mining, except oil and
gas (1)...................... 214.3 216.6 215.5 217.6 221.7 226.0 225.2 227.0 225.9 225.7 -.2
Coal mining.................. 76.9 78.5 78.3 78.7 77.2 78.7 78.3 78.6 78.8 79.0 .2
Support activities for mining. 286.3 297.8 300.9 307.8 288.7 296.7 299.6 301.7 305.1 309.5 4.4
Construction.................... 7,353 7,012 6,932 6,981 7,694 7,520 7,465 7,426 7,389 7,338 -51
Construction of buildings..... 1,739.5 1,630.2 1,597.4 1,606.2 1,796.1 1,716.4 1,702.4 1,690.2 1,674.0 1,669.7 -4.3
Residential building......... 942.1 857.5 835.7 838.4 974.0 913.3 902.0 891.9 879.1 875.4 -3.7
Nonresidential building...... 797.4 772.7 761.7 767.8 822.1 803.1 800.4 798.3 794.9 794.3 -.6
Heavy and civil engineering
construction................. 925.7 882.3 872.9 887.5 1,007.5 999.0 993.8 984.6 977.6 972.5 -5.1
Specialty trade contractors... 4,687.4 4,499.4 4,462.1 4,487.0 4,889.9 4,804.8 4,768.4 4,750.8 4,737.4 4,695.3 -42.1
Residential specialty trade
contractors................. 2,222.1 2,056.5 2,027.5 2,031.3 2,323.5 2,226.7 2,201.1 2,176.2 2,163.9 2,136.6 -27.3
Nonresidential specialty
trade contractors........... 2,465.3 2,442.9 2,434.6 2,455.7 2,566.4 2,578.1 2,567.3 2,574.6 2,573.5 2,558.7 -14.8
Manufacturing................... 13,887 13,632 13,593 13,574 13,953 13,794 13,772 13,737 13,691 13,643 -48
Production workers........... 9,939 9,833 9,796 9,788 9,997 9,944 9,933 9,922 9,878 9,849 -29
Durable goods.................. 8,837 8,662 8,641 8,624 8,863 8,763 8,739 8,718 8,688 8,653 -35
Production workers........... 6,245 6,166 6,142 6,126 6,266 6,242 6,220 6,214 6,181 6,152 -29
Wood products................. 517.3 495.3 486.6 484.2 525.7 509.0 507.2 503.5 498.0 493.1 -4.9
Nonmetallic mineral products.. 495.6 478.8 475.5 476.2 506.1 499.5 496.4 494.4 492.8 487.5 -5.3
Primary metals................ 459.5 452.1 450.9 450.6 459.5 452.6 452.2 452.3 450.4 450.4 .0
Fabricated metal products..... 1,556.9 1,553.8 1,550.6 1,553.6 1,561.1 1,565.6 1,562.7 1,560.9 1,558.5 1,558.5 .0
Machinery..................... 1,186.8 1,190.7 1,190.1 1,196.3 1,186.6 1,189.9 1,191.0 1,193.8 1,192.2 1,196.3 4.1
Computer and electronic
products (1)................. 1,279.6 1,253.9 1,250.2 1,252.6 1,284.5 1,260.5 1,257.6 1,256.3 1,252.3 1,254.9 2.6
Computer and peripheral
equipment................... 188.0 184.8 186.5 187.1 188.7 185.5 185.4 184.9 186.7 187.1 .4
Communications equipment..... 128.8 129.2 128.7 130.1 129.0 129.5 129.0 129.5 128.7 130.2 1.5
Semiconductors and electronic
components.................. 449.8 432.6 428.3 426.3 451.9 437.0 434.9 433.5 429.7 427.7 -2.0
Electronic instruments....... 443.2 443.0 442.3 445.3 444.9 443.0 443.7 444.3 442.6 446.1 3.5
Electrical equipment and
appliances................... 427.8 420.5 419.7 419.3 427.8 426.6 423.8 421.6 420.6 419.7 -.9
Transportation equipment (1).. 1,732.9 1,667.5 1,672.7 1,651.2 1,728.2 1,693.5 1,684.7 1,678.1 1,673.1 1,649.8 -23.3
Motor vehicles and parts (2). 1,026.4 943.7 950.8 928.4 1,020.2 972.7 962.6 956.6 949.4 925.2 -24.2
Furniture and related products 537.6 516.1 512.6 509.7 539.4 527.0 523.8 520.4 516.5 511.4 -5.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing... 642.9 633.0 632.2 630.0 644.2 638.8 639.9 636.4 633.5 631.6 -1.9
Nondurable goods............... 5,050 4,970 4,952 4,950 5,090 5,031 5,033 5,019 5,003 4,990 -13
Production workers........... 3,694 3,667 3,654 3,662 3,731 3,702 3,713 3,708 3,697 3,697 0
Food manufacturing............ 1,452.3 1,462.0 1,455.1 1,453.6 1,479.7 1,477.9 1,486.3 1,483.2 1,483.2 1,480.6 -2.6
Beverages and tobacco products 190.4 186.8 184.1 185.0 195.6 194.3 192.0 191.1 189.1 190.4 1.3
Textile mills................. 175.6 161.0 159.8 158.1 175.3 164.9 163.0 162.0 160.8 157.9 -2.9
Textile product mills......... 160.3 153.1 152.0 153.4 160.2 157.2 155.7 154.0 153.0 153.3 .3
Apparel....................... 218.9 196.6 198.3 197.4 219.0 206.4 204.8 202.0 200.1 197.6 -2.5
Leather and allied products... 34.8 34.3 33.4 33.7 34.6 34.1 33.7 34.5 33.5 33.4 -.1
Paper and paper products...... 459.4 459.1 456.7 456.2 461.2 458.6 460.3 459.0 458.0 457.8 -.2
Printing and related support
activities................... 627.0 615.5 610.3 613.2 628.1 622.0 619.5 620.1 614.5 614.6 .1
Petroleum and coal products... 112.0 108.2 109.3 108.9 114.3 112.1 111.7 112.2 112.6 111.3 -1.3
Chemicals..................... 861.4 858.5 858.1 857.8 862.6 860.5 862.0 861.2 860.0 859.1 -.9
Plastics and rubber products.. 758.0 734.8 735.2 733.0 759.2 743.0 744.2 739.7 738.4 734.4 -4.0
Service-providing........... 114,592 114,541 115,188 115,723 114,948 115,988 116,102 116,095 116,101 116,114 13
Private service-providing.. 92,042 92,330 92,492 92,922 92,805 93,710 93,769 93,759 93,732 93,727 -5
Trade, transportation, and
utilities...................... 26,292 26,456 26,185 26,260 26,584 26,693 26,658 26,631 26,576 26,556 -20
Wholesale trade................ 5,955.2 6,018.5 6,007.8 6,021.6 5,984.0 6,075.0 6,072.9 6,067.3 6,058.5 6,053.9 -4.6
Durable goods................. 3,097.1 3,119.6 3,109.6 3,117.5 3,107.6 3,152.4 3,145.0 3,138.0 3,129.5 3,130.0 .5
Nondurable goods.............. 2,039.7 2,064.8 2,060.6 2,068.5 2,054.7 2,086.6 2,089.3 2,090.9 2,086.7 2,084.9 -1.8
Electronic markets and agents
and brokers.................. 818.4 834.1 837.6 835.6 821.7 836.0 838.6 838.4 842.3 839.0 -3.3
Retail trade...................15,295.3 15,380.7 15,137.4 15,190.9 15,519.9 15,513.1 15,487.8 15,472.2 15,425.5 15,413.1 -12.4
Motor vehicle and parts
dealers (1).................. 1,900.3 1,883.5 1,880.5 1,889.0 1,912.1 1,911.0 1,909.3 1,910.2 1,903.7 1,901.8 -1.9
Automobile dealers........... 1,238.4 1,232.7 1,226.1 1,229.3 1,242.8 1,244.9 1,244.6 1,244.0 1,235.9 1,234.5 -1.4
Furniture and home furnishings
stores....................... 574.3 586.0 570.3 562.4 580.5 584.9 584.5 579.9 575.2 570.0 -5.2
Electronics and appliance
stores....................... 545.8 536.2 531.6 533.1 547.6 542.6 540.4 534.3 534.3 535.0 .7
Building material and garden
supply stores................ 1,295.3 1,203.9 1,204.9 1,228.1 1,317.9 1,279.9 1,271.6 1,266.0 1,259.1 1,250.1 -9.0
Food and beverage stores...... 2,805.8 2,867.2 2,852.3 2,853.2 2,836.0 2,871.9 2,871.9 2,880.1 2,881.0 2,883.6 2.6
Health and personal care
stores....................... 979.5 1,000.9 991.9 992.9 985.2 998.6 999.9 1,000.6 996.6 998.3 1.7
Gasoline stations............. 854.4 842.3 842.9 848.3 864.6 859.1 850.5 853.8 855.4 858.2 2.8
Clothing and clothing
accessories stores........... 1,438.4 1,498.2 1,434.3 1,445.5 1,486.5 1,524.5 1,508.6 1,498.2 1,496.7 1,499.4 2.7
Sporting goods, hobby, book,
and music stores............. 636.5 686.3 655.0 645.2 651.2 664.0 661.6 667.2 663.7 662.1 -1.6
General merchandise
stores (1)................... 2,986.6 2,975.8 2,883.2 2,914.8 3,033.5 2,968.2 2,976.7 2,971.1 2,952.2 2,949.7 -2.5
Department stores............ 1,555.4 1,580.0 1,501.7 1,501.7 1,592.2 1,560.6 1,568.4 1,564.3 1,547.7 1,543.1 -4.6
Miscellaneous store retailers. 851.4 856.4 853.7 844.1 869.2 868.3 866.3 869.4 864.9 862.2 -2.7
Nonstore retailers............ 427.0 444.0 436.8 434.3 435.6 440.1 446.5 441.4 442.7 442.7 .0
Transportation and warehousing. 4,494.3 4,501.7 4,486.8 4,493.0 4,530.4 4,549.0 4,539.9 4,534.5 4,535.7 4,531.8 -3.9
Air transportation............ 483.7 501.2 505.8 506.6 487.2 503.0 502.1 504.7 509.8 508.9 -.9
Rail transportation........... 234.7 231.5 231.8 232.8 236.1 233.8 232.5 233.8 233.7 234.1 .4
Water transportation.......... 61.1 61.8 59.9 59.5 63.5 65.0 64.4 63.8 63.0 62.4 -.6
Truck transportation.......... 1,425.8 1,396.8 1,383.7 1,394.4 1,451.5 1,428.7 1,423.1 1,422.5 1,418.4 1,419.3 .9
Transit and ground passenger
transportation............... 420.4 423.9 426.3 423.5 406.1 411.5 411.8 411.9 411.7 410.3 -1.4
Pipeline transportation....... 39.9 40.7 41.0 41.0 40.1 40.6 40.8 40.6 41.0 41.1 .1
Scenic and sightseeing
transportation............... 23.0 24.3 24.2 25.2 29.1 30.9 31.3 31.0 31.6 31.4 -.2
Support activities for
transportation............... 577.4 580.7 583.6 581.2 578.9 589.2 587.1 584.9 585.4 583.8 -1.6
Couriers and messengers....... 576.5 587.7 580.6 578.2 582.1 584.4 588.1 585.5 585.8 584.3 -1.5
Warehousing and storage....... 651.8 653.1 649.9 650.6 655.8 661.9 658.7 655.8 655.3 656.2 .9
Utilities...................... 547.5 554.9 553.1 554.3 550.0 555.5 557.1 557.1 556.5 557.0 .5
Information..................... 3,024 2,993 3,007 3,005 3,030 3,022 3,018 3,014 3,016 3,010 -6
Publishing industries, except
Internet..................... 902.0 886.1 886.4 883.6 902.2 892.2 889.7 889.2 886.5 884.0 -2.5
Motion picture and sound
recording industries......... 374.8 360.8 371.2 377.3 380.7 376.3 376.3 372.9 379.7 381.4 1.7
Broadcasting, except Internet. 326.2 321.9 321.9 321.0 327.4 325.0 321.9 323.0 322.5 322.2 -.3
Telecommunications............ 1,031.5 1,024.5 1,023.3 1,018.2 1,031.3 1,026.4 1,026.8 1,025.3 1,021.0 1,017.7 -3.3
Data processing, hosting and
related services............. 268.4 270.4 273.5 272.4 267.0 272.6 273.5 273.0 274.2 271.3 -2.9
Other information services.... 121.5 129.3 130.6 132.6 121.8 129.5 129.3 130.5 131.7 133.2 1.5
Financial activities............ 8,303 8,185 8,186 8,191 8,333 8,260 8,252 8,244 8,233 8,228 -5
Finance and insurance.......... 6,164.1 6,084.8 6,097.9 6,101.6 6,163.2 6,115.5 6,111.2 6,106.2 6,102.5 6,102.7 .2
Monetary authorities - central
bank......................... 21.3 20.6 20.8 20.9 21.4 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.9 20.9 .0
Credit intermediation and
related activities (1)....... 2,919.6 2,816.3 2,822.4 2,817.6 2,917.4 2,834.3 2,829.2 2,825.0 2,821.6 2,816.2 -5.4
Depository credit
intermediation (1).......... 1,819.9 1,819.0 1,822.8 1,821.0 1,820.5 1,823.4 1,824.6 1,821.5 1,823.9 1,822.8 -1.1
Commercial banking.......... 1,347.3 1,341.1 1,344.6 1,344.0 1,347.1 1,344.7 1,345.9 1,342.2 1,346.0 1,344.6 -1.4
Securities, commodity
contracts, investments....... 840.7 855.3 861.8 864.7 840.8 856.9 856.7 859.2 862.6 865.0 2.4
Insurance carriers and related
activities................... 2,294.3 2,305.6 2,305.4 2,311.5 2,295.9 2,315.6 2,316.8 2,313.9 2,310.2 2,314.1 3.9
Funds, trusts, and other
financial vehicles........... 88.2 87.0 87.5 86.9 87.7 88.0 87.8 87.4 87.2 86.5 -.7
Real estate and rental and
leasing....................... 2,138.5 2,100.2 2,087.8 2,088.9 2,169.9 2,144.7 2,140.6 2,138.0 2,130.1 2,125.6 -4.5
Real estate................... 1,481.0 1,445.4 1,440.1 1,440.5 1,499.4 1,477.1 1,476.4 1,471.4 1,467.3 1,463.1 -4.2
Rental and leasing services... 629.6 624.0 616.6 617.0 641.9 637.4 633.6 635.2 631.2 630.5 -.7
Lessors of nonfinancial
intangible assets............ 27.9 30.8 31.1 31.4 28.6 30.2 30.6 31.4 31.6 32.0 .4
Professional and business
services....................... 17,670 17,726 17,765 17,812 17,875 18,079 18,131 18,101 18,071 18,036 -35
Professional and technical
services(1)................... 7,638.3 7,850.7 7,906.0 7,891.6 7,569.6 7,784.8 7,820.5 7,819.2 7,824.1 7,828.2 4.1
Legal services............... 1,170.7 1,162.4 1,165.6 1,165.4 1,177.3 1,175.2 1,173.9 1,173.0 1,174.4 1,172.7 -1.7
Accounting and bookkeeping
services.................... 1,040.3 1,096.9 1,135.1 1,102.7 923.2 979.4 993.3 992.3 989.8 988.7 -1.1
Architectural and engineering
services.................... 1,402.9 1,439.9 1,442.1 1,442.5 1,422.0 1,453.9 1,460.4 1,460.5 1,464.0 1,462.5 -1.5
Computer systems design and
related services............ 1,336.5 1,385.8 1,388.1 1,388.0 1,338.9 1,387.5 1,391.4 1,391.6 1,391.3 1,390.7 -.6
Management and technical
consulting services......... 921.9 977.4 981.9 987.7 928.3 985.1 994.3 989.2 991.0 995.6 4.6
Management of companies and
enterprises................... 1,832.8 1,838.3 1,832.9 1,828.2 1,838.2 1,850.0 1,847.8 1,845.5 1,842.8 1,839.1 -3.7
Administrative and waste
services...................... 8,199.2 8,036.5 8,025.7 8,092.2 8,467.2 8,444.1 8,462.8 8,436.2 8,404.4 8,368.5 -35.9
Administrative and support
services (1)................. 7,851.5 7,677.5 7,669.2 7,731.8 8,113.7 8,081.4 8,099.3 8,070.8 8,040.5 8,002.2 -38.3
Employment services (1)...... 3,512.8 3,367.4 3,340.3 3,358.4 3,649.5 3,563.9 3,566.9 3,562.1 3,533.6 3,491.8 -41.8
Temporary help services..... 2,525.1 2,417.4 2,385.6 2,405.3 2,637.0 2,583.7 2,578.5 2,574.6 2,541.0 2,519.4 -21.6
Business support services.... 814.1 793.7 798.1 800.3 810.2 798.9 803.7 797.4 796.8 796.7 -.1
Services to buildings and
dwellings................... 1,711.3 1,685.9 1,697.0 1,729.8 1,833.3 1,861.1 1,872.0 1,861.3 1,862.2 1,859.2 -3.0
Waste management and
remediation services......... 347.7 359.0 356.5 360.4 353.5 362.7 363.5 365.4 363.9 366.3 2.4
Education and health services... 18,300 18,502 18,764 18,849 18,153 18,522 18,568 18,617 18,657 18,699 42
Educational services........... 3,077.5 2,927.7 3,155.0 3,176.9 2,920.3 2,975.5 2,984.5 3,003.4 3,005.9 3,013.7 7.8
Health care and social
assistance....................15,222.3 15,574.3 15,609.1 15,671.7 15,232.8 15,546.7 15,583.2 15,613.6 15,651.3 15,684.8 33.5
Health care (3)...............12,806.1 13,101.4 13,128.4 13,167.6 12,832.0 13,081.1 13,109.6 13,135.6 13,171.8 13,194.6 22.8
Ambulatory health care
services (1)................ 5,408.8 5,564.3 5,579.8 5,594.6 5,416.0 5,554.8 5,566.0 5,581.7 5,596.1 5,603.5 7.4
Offices of physicians....... 2,181.2 2,236.2 2,241.7 2,245.9 2,185.6 2,232.2 2,235.6 2,240.8 2,247.3 2,250.7 3.4
Outpatient care centers..... 505.3 511.0 511.4 509.5 504.3 511.0 513.0 511.5 511.6 509.2 -2.4
Home health care services... 899.6 932.1 932.8 937.1 899.4 929.1 930.9 934.7 936.9 937.7 .8
Hospitals.................... 4,470.8 4,571.0 4,581.1 4,598.7 4,481.0 4,558.8 4,572.4 4,579.3 4,594.9 4,608.6 13.7
Nursing and residential care
facilities (1).............. 2,926.5 2,966.1 2,967.5 2,974.3 2,935.0 2,967.5 2,971.2 2,974.6 2,980.8 2,982.5 1.7
Nursing care facilities..... 1,591.4 1,604.8 1,605.2 1,606.1 1,595.7 1,605.9 1,608.2 1,608.8 1,612.8 1,609.7 -3.1
Social assistance (1)......... 2,416.2 2,472.9 2,480.7 2,504.1 2,400.8 2,465.6 2,473.6 2,478.0 2,479.5 2,490.2 10.7
Child day care services...... 855.7 861.6 865.5 874.5 842.0 856.7 857.1 859.2 858.3 861.6 3.3
Leisure and hospitality......... 12,987 13,031 13,112 13,303 13,351 13,628 13,635 13,644 13,664 13,682 18
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation.................... 1,804.2 1,790.2 1,814.9 1,854.8 1,967.5 2,001.4 2,010.3 2,016.1 2,021.2 2,020.6 -.6
Performing arts and spectator
sports....................... 381.9 387.7 402.0 404.6 405.6 426.4 429.9 429.5 430.8 429.7 -1.1
Museums, historical sites,
zoos, and parks.............. 118.5 121.0 119.6 123.9 127.8 131.6 131.5 132.6 132.2 133.6 1.4
Amusements, gambling, and
recreation................... 1,303.8 1,281.5 1,293.3 1,326.3 1,434.1 1,443.4 1,448.9 1,454.0 1,458.2 1,457.3 -.9
Accommodation and food services11,182.3 11,241.0 11,296.7 11,447.9 11,383.0 11,626.8 11,624.7 11,628.0 11,642.8 11,661.8 19.0
Accommodation................. 1,801.4 1,770.0 1,773.1 1,790.4 1,856.6 1,870.3 1,858.1 1,854.9 1,851.6 1,847.2 -4.4
Food services and drinking
places....................... 9,380.9 9,471.0 9,523.6 9,657.5 9,526.4 9,756.5 9,766.6 9,773.1 9,791.2 9,814.6 23.4
Other services.................. 5,466 5,437 5,473 5,502 5,479 5,506 5,507 5,508 5,515 5,516 1
Repair and maintenance........ 1,256.7 1,236.5 1,245.7 1,251.8 1,254.7 1,258.0 1,255.5 1,252.9 1,254.1 1,251.7 -2.4
Personal and laundry services. 1,296.6 1,286.8 1,291.4 1,302.6 1,303.0 1,309.7 1,306.9 1,306.6 1,307.4 1,308.9 1.5
Membership associations and
organizations................ 2,913.1 2,913.8 2,936.1 2,948.0 2,921.1 2,938.0 2,944.4 2,948.9 2,953.8 2,954.9 1.1
Government...................... 22,550 22,211 22,696 22,801 22,143 22,278 22,333 22,336 22,369 22,387 18
Federal........................ 2,713 2,695 2,703 2,711 2,729 2,728 2,735 2,717 2,724 2,726 2
Federal, except U.S. Postal
Service...................... 1,952.0 1,959.0 1,968.5 1,977.3 1,963.8 1,966.7 1,972.3 1,977.3 1,982.3 1,986.1 3.8
U.S. Postal Service........... 760.6 735.5 734.5 733.7 765.0 761.7 763.1 739.7 742.0 740.3 -1.7
State government............... 5,259 5,056 5,288 5,316 5,114 5,131 5,153 5,159 5,166 5,169 3
State government education.... 2,466.4 2,247.0 2,471.0 2,496.3 2,313.9 2,314.3 2,332.5 2,335.1 2,339.1 2,342.4 3.3
State government, excluding
education.................... 2,792.6 2,808.8 2,816.9 2,819.5 2,799.9 2,816.5 2,820.9 2,824.0 2,826.4 2,826.6 .2
Local government............... 14,578 14,460 14,705 14,774 14,300 14,419 14,445 14,460 14,479 14,492 13
Local government education.... 8,325.1 8,129.7 8,357.5 8,404.2 7,959.2 7,999.6 8,016.5 8,018.0 8,027.7 8,033.8 6.1
Local government, excluding
education.................... 6,252.7 6,330.7 6,347.8 6,369.8 6,340.4 6,419.2 6,428.2 6,441.5 6,450.8 6,457.7 6.9
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector
and selected industry detail
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008p 2008p Feb. 2008-
Mar. 2008p
Total private......................... 33.7 33.3 33.4 33.9 33.9 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.8 0.1
Goods-producing........................... 40.4 40.0 39.8 40.5 40.6 40.7 40.5 40.4 40.4 40.6 .2
Natural resources and mining.................. 45.4 45.0 45.2 45.7 46.0 46.2 45.8 45.7 45.8 46.2 .4
Construction.................................. 38.7 37.9 37.5 38.6 39.1 39.1 39.0 38.8 38.6 39.0 .4
Manufacturing................................. 41.1 40.9 40.7 41.2 41.2 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.2 41.3 .1
Overtime hours............................. 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 .1
Durable goods................................ 41.4 41.2 41.0 41.5 41.4 41.5 41.3 41.4 41.5 41.5 .0
Overtime hours............................. 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 .0
Wood products............................... 39.2 38.2 37.9 38.2 39.5 39.0 39.2 39.0 39.0 38.6 -.4
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 41.8 41.0 40.8 42.9 42.5 42.9 41.5 42.2 42.3 43.4 1.1
Primary metals.............................. 43.2 42.5 42.4 43.5 43.2 42.7 42.2 42.5 42.7 43.4 .7
Fabricated metal products................... 41.5 41.5 41.3 41.8 41.6 41.7 41.6 41.6 41.7 41.9 .2
Machinery................................... 42.4 43.1 42.8 42.9 42.3 42.9 42.9 43.1 43.0 42.9 -.1
Computer and electronic products............ 40.4 40.1 40.2 40.9 40.4 40.9 40.5 40.4 40.6 40.9 .3
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 40.8 41.4 40.8 41.2 41.0 41.2 41.6 41.4 41.3 41.4 .1
Transportation equipment.................... 43.0 42.6 42.7 42.5 42.9 42.6 42.1 42.6 42.9 42.4 -.5
Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 42.5 42.0 42.4 41.7 42.4 42.1 41.6 42.1 42.6 41.6 -1.0
Furniture and related products.............. 38.8 37.9 37.7 38.4 39.0 38.9 39.1 38.3 38.2 38.6 .4
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 38.7 38.9 38.5 39.3 38.6 38.8 38.8 39.0 38.8 39.1 .3
Nondurable goods............................. 40.7 40.4 40.1 40.6 40.8 40.9 40.8 40.6 40.6 40.8 .2
Overtime hours............................. 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 .1
Food manufacturing.......................... 40.5 40.1 39.8 40.8 41.0 40.6 40.4 40.5 40.7 41.2 .5
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 40.4 39.8 39.3 39.6 40.7 40.5 40.8 40.5 40.3 40.0 -.3
Textile mills............................... 40.6 38.7 38.5 39.0 40.4 39.9 40.2 38.7 39.0 38.9 -.1
Textile product mills....................... 39.6 38.5 39.1 39.5 39.4 39.1 39.9 38.6 39.4 39.4 .0
Apparel..................................... 36.9 36.4 36.5 37.0 36.7 36.9 37.5 36.7 36.7 36.8 .1
Leather and allied products................. 38.2 37.9 38.0 39.0 37.9 38.1 39.1 38.2 38.3 38.6 .3
Paper and paper products.................... 42.7 44.0 43.4 43.4 43.1 43.7 44.0 44.0 44.0 43.8 -.2
Printing and related support activities..... 39.4 38.2 38.2 38.4 39.2 39.0 38.8 38.4 38.2 38.3 .1
Petroleum and coal products................. 44.0 43.6 42.8 42.8 44.6 43.8 44.0 43.8 43.7 43.5 -.2
Chemicals................................... 41.9 41.6 41.3 41.8 41.9 42.1 41.5 41.6 41.4 41.8 .4
Plastics and rubber products................ 40.9 41.1 40.9 40.8 40.9 42.1 41.4 41.1 41.2 40.9 -.3
Private service-providing................ 32.3 31.9 32.1 32.6 32.5 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.4 .1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.1 32.8 32.9 33.4 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.4 .0
Wholesale trade.............................. 37.9 37.9 38.0 38.8 38.2 38.1 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.5 .2
Retail trade................................. 29.9 29.7 29.7 30.0 30.2 30.2 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.2 .0
Transportation and warehousing............... 36.8 36.0 36.1 36.9 37.1 36.8 36.8 36.6 36.7 36.8 .1
Utilities.................................... 42.2 42.7 42.5 42.9 42.5 42.5 42.8 43.1 42.8 43.1 .3
Information................................... 36.4 35.9 36.0 36.8 36.7 36.2 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.6 .4
Financial activities.......................... 35.7 35.5 35.6 36.2 36.0 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 .0
Professional and business services............ 34.6 34.1 34.4 35.1 34.8 34.7 34.8 34.7 34.6 34.8 .2
Education and health services................. 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.5 32.7 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.3 24.5 24.9 25.3 25.6 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.3 .0
Other services................................ 30.9 30.5 30.6 30.9 31.1 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.9 .1
1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar.
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008p 2008p
Total private........................... $17.24 $17.80 $17.85 $17.92 $580.99 $592.74 $596.19 $607.49
Seasonally adjusted.................... 17.24 17.75 17.81 17.86 584.44 598.18 600.20 603.67
Goods-producing............................. 18.38 18.90 18.93 19.03 742.55 756.00 753.41 770.72
Natural resources and mining.................... 20.86 21.96 21.86 22.37 947.04 988.20 988.07 1022.31
Construction.................................... 20.55 21.24 21.35 21.46 795.29 805.00 800.63 828.36
Manufacturing................................... 17.09 17.53 17.55 17.58 702.40 716.98 714.29 724.30
Durable goods.................................. 18.02 18.43 18.49 18.52 746.03 759.32 758.09 768.58
Wood products................................. 13.58 13.90 13.84 13.99 532.34 530.98 524.54 534.42
Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 16.91 16.99 16.82 16.68 706.84 696.59 686.26 715.57
Primary metals................................ 19.38 20.04 20.00 20.19 837.22 851.70 848.00 878.27
Fabricated metal products..................... 16.36 16.77 16.78 16.82 678.94 695.96 693.01 703.08
Machinery..................................... 17.70 17.72 17.75 17.81 750.48 763.73 759.70 764.05
Computer and electronic products.............. 19.57 20.51 20.58 20.82 790.63 822.45 827.32 851.54
Electrical equipment and appliances........... 15.96 15.70 15.74 15.65 651.17 649.98 642.19 644.78
Transportation equipment...................... 22.65 23.34 23.50 23.51 973.95 994.28 1003.45 999.18
Furniture and related products................ 14.30 14.38 14.39 14.47 554.84 545.00 542.50 555.65
Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 14.57 14.91 14.88 15.05 563.86 580.00 572.88 591.47
Nondurable goods............................... 15.47 15.99 15.92 15.96 629.63 646.00 638.39 647.98
Food manufacturing............................ 13.36 13.87 13.75 13.78 541.08 556.19 547.25 562.22
Beverages and tobacco products................ 18.46 19.55 19.53 19.52 745.78 778.09 767.53 772.99
Textile mills................................. 12.81 13.29 13.35 13.44 520.09 514.32 513.98 524.16
Textile product mills......................... 11.83 11.68 11.66 11.81 468.47 449.68 455.91 466.50
Apparel....................................... 10.79 11.43 11.47 11.23 398.15 416.05 418.66 415.51
Leather and allied products................... 11.83 12.78 12.72 12.91 451.91 484.36 483.36 503.49
Paper and paper products...................... 18.17 18.78 18.53 18.68 775.86 826.32 804.20 810.71
Printing and related support activities....... 15.88 16.51 16.55 16.66 625.67 630.68 632.21 639.74
Petroleum and coal products................... 24.77 26.55 26.51 27.03 1089.88 1157.58 1134.63 1156.88
Chemicals..................................... 19.46 19.46 19.36 19.26 815.37 809.54 799.57 805.07
Plastics and rubber products.................. 15.23 15.56 15.59 15.71 622.91 639.52 637.63 640.97
Private service-providing.................. 16.95 17.52 17.58 17.64 547.49 558.89 564.32 575.06
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.63 16.02 16.09 16.16 517.35 525.46 529.36 539.74
Wholesale trade................................ 19.26 20.01 20.04 20.09 729.95 758.38 761.52 779.49
Retail trade................................... 12.71 12.78 12.83 12.91 380.03 379.57 381.05 387.30
Transportation and warehousing................. 17.48 18.08 18.14 18.11 643.26 650.88 654.85 668.26
Utilities...................................... 27.68 28.62 28.57 28.99 1168.10 1222.07 1214.23 1243.67
Information..................................... 23.73 24.44 24.43 24.52 863.77 877.40 879.48 902.34
Financial activities............................ 19.48 19.96 20.07 20.21 695.44 708.58 714.49 731.60
Professional and business services.............. 19.88 20.65 20.76 20.94 687.85 704.17 714.14 734.99
Education and health services................... 17.91 18.61 18.57 18.57 580.28 604.83 601.67 607.24
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.23 10.73 10.81 10.79 258.82 262.89 269.17 272.99
Other services.................................. 15.35 15.74 15.79 15.88 474.32 480.07 483.17 490.69
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change from:
2007 2007 2007 2008 2008p 2008p Feb. 2008-
Mar. 2008p
Total private:
Current dollars........................ $17.24 $17.64 $17.70 $17.75 $17.81 $17.86 0.3
Constant (1982) dollars (2)............ 8.33 8.27 8.27 8.26 8.29 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............................. 18.49 18.84 18.90 18.98 19.04 19.12 .4
Natural resources and mining.................... 20.74 21.02 21.54 21.75 21.80 22.16 1.7
Construction.................................... 20.70 21.20 21.30 21.38 21.47 21.59 .6
Manufacturing................................... 17.11 17.40 17.41 17.49 17.55 17.59 .2
Excluding overtime (4)....................... 16.26 16.58 16.60 16.68 16.74 16.76 .1
Durable goods.................................. 18.05 18.31 18.33 18.41 18.49 18.53 .2
Nondurable goods............................... 15.51 15.85 15.86 15.92 15.94 15.99 .3
Private service-providing.................. 16.91 17.33 17.39 17.44 17.49 17.54 .3
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.64 15.93 16.00 16.02 16.08 16.11 .2
Wholesale trade................................ 19.35 19.86 19.93 19.97 20.03 20.08 .2
Retail trade................................... 12.70 12.81 12.81 12.80 12.84 12.87 .2
Transportation and warehousing................. 17.54 17.93 18.07 18.10 18.22 18.17 -.3
Utilities...................................... 27.61 28.18 28.52 28.61 28.60 28.86 .9
Information..................................... 23.82 24.11 24.18 24.33 24.40 24.50 .4
Financial activities............................ 19.49 19.87 19.91 20.00 20.06 20.13 .3
Professional and business services.............. 19.86 20.42 20.46 20.53 20.62 20.72 .5
Education and health services................... 17.89 18.43 18.48 18.54 18.57 18.56 -.1
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.20 10.61 10.65 10.67 10.73 10.76 .3
Other services.................................. 15.26 15.66 15.71 15.74 15.79 15.83 .3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this
series.
3 Change was .4 percent from Jan. 2008 to Feb. 2008, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing
NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008p 2008p Feb. 2008-
Mar. 2008p
Total private......................... 105.2 104.1 104.5 106.5 107.1 107.7 107.8 107.4 107.3 107.5 0.2
Goods-producing........................... 99.1 96.2 95.1 97.0 102.0 101.5 100.6 100.1 99.6 99.7 .1
Natural resources and mining.................. 127.9 130.3 130.7 134.3 132.5 136.0 135.6 136.0 136.3 138.7 1.8
Construction.................................. 108.3 101.8 99.4 103.2 115.5 113.9 112.7 111.4 110.0 110.5 .5
Manufacturing................................. 93.8 92.3 91.5 92.6 94.5 94.3 93.7 93.6 93.4 93.4 .0
Durable goods................................ 97.1 95.4 94.6 95.5 97.5 97.3 96.5 96.6 96.4 95.9 -.5
Wood products............................... 88.9 82.3 80.1 80.5 91.3 86.6 86.9 85.7 84.8 83.2 -1.9
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 93.6 90.6 89.2 94.8 97.7 98.4 94.4 96.8 96.3 98.4 2.2
Primary metals.............................. 92.4 90.3 90.2 92.6 92.2 90.7 89.6 90.3 90.4 92.2 2.0
Fabricated metal products................... 103.8 104.1 103.1 104.7 104.2 105.2 104.8 104.9 104.7 105.2 .5
Machinery................................... 102.5 105.8 104.7 104.8 102.2 104.9 105.0 105.8 105.3 104.9 -.4
Computer and electronic products............ 101.9 100.7 100.3 102.0 102.3 102.7 101.7 101.5 101.6 102.2 .6
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 87.9 88.3 86.8 88.2 88.3 89.1 89.2 88.5 88.3 88.6 .3
Transportation equipment.................... 98.6 94.9 95.6 93.6 98.2 97.2 95.2 95.8 96.0 93.4 -2.7
Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 88.4 80.2 81.9 78.2 87.8 83.8 81.6 81.9 82.2 77.8 -5.4
Furniture and related products.............. 86.5 80.4 79.1 80.3 87.1 84.8 84.2 82.0 81.0 81.1 .1
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 90.6 90.3 88.9 90.6 90.7 90.7 91.0 91.2 89.7 90.5 .9
Nondurable goods............................. 88.6 87.3 86.3 87.6 89.7 89.2 89.3 88.7 88.4 88.9 .6
Food manufacturing.......................... 98.2 98.5 97.1 99.8 101.6 100.4 101.0 101.0 101.4 102.9 1.5
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 98.1 84.5 82.4 85.3 102.4 96.3 92.3 89.4 87.7 89.8 2.4
Textile mills............................... 59.0 51.3 51.0 51.3 58.5 53.8 53.8 51.7 51.8 51.0 -1.5
Textile product mills....................... 79.2 71.6 72.6 74.7 78.6 75.3 76.4 72.7 73.6 74.3 1.0
Apparel..................................... 61.7 56.1 56.6 57.0 61.5 59.2 60.3 58.2 57.5 56.7 -1.4
Leather and allied products................. 70.7 71.1 69.5 72.4 69.3 70.5 71.5 71.9 70.6 70.9 .4
Paper and paper products.................... 84.6 87.7 86.1 86.5 85.9 86.9 87.9 87.9 87.7 87.7 .0
Printing and related support activities..... 93.1 89.1 88.5 89.4 92.9 91.6 90.6 90.2 89.2 89.5 .3
Petroleum and coal products................. 88.4 92.4 93.0 93.1 92.3 96.4 95.1 96.8 98.5 97.3 -1.2
Chemicals................................... 93.0 95.8 95.0 96.0 93.2 95.9 95.6 96.0 95.3 96.1 .8
Plastics and rubber products................ 89.9 88.4 88.0 87.6 90.0 91.2 90.1 89.0 89.1 88.0 -1.2
Private service-providing................. 106.8 106.2 107.0 109.3 108.5 109.5 109.7 109.7 109.3 109.6 .3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 102.3 102.7 101.7 103.6 104.6 105.1 105.1 105.3 105.1 105.0 -.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 106.5 108.8 108.9 111.5 108.1 110.4 111.1 111.3 110.9 111.5 .5
Retail trade................................. 99.1 99.3 97.4 98.9 101.6 101.9 101.4 101.6 101.2 101.1 -.1
Transportation and warehousing............... 107.4 106.3 106.4 108.9 109.5 109.4 109.5 108.9 109.5 109.7 .2
Utilities.................................... 94.8 97.4 96.2 97.0 96.0 96.7 97.5 98.7 97.5 98.0 .5
Information................................... 99.3 98.1 98.7 101.0 100.3 99.4 99.7 99.9 99.5 100.5 1.0
Financial activities.......................... 107.7 106.5 106.9 108.9 109.2 108.2 108.2 108.2 108.2 108.3 .1
Professional and business services............ 112.7 111.4 112.7 115.2 114.8 115.9 116.7 116.1 115.5 115.8 .3
Education and health services................. 111.6 113.4 114.6 116.2 111.4 113.8 114.1 114.5 114.4 115.3 .8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 106.1 102.9 105.3 108.7 110.5 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.8 111.9 .1
Other services................................ 98.4 96.8 97.9 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.2 99.3 99.5 99.8 .3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours
by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average
weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008p 2008p Feb. 2008-
Mar. 2008p
Total private......................... 121.2 123.9 124.6 127.6 123.3 127.0 127.5 127.4 127.7 128.3 0.5
Goods-producing........................... 111.6 111.4 110.2 113.1 115.5 117.1 116.5 116.4 116.1 116.8 .6
Natural resources and mining.................. 155.1 166.4 166.1 174.7 159.8 166.3 169.8 172.0 172.8 178.8 3.5
Construction.................................. 120.1 116.7 114.6 119.5 129.1 130.4 129.6 128.6 127.6 128.8 .9
Manufacturing................................. 104.8 105.8 105.0 106.4 105.8 107.3 106.7 107.1 107.2 107.4 .2
Durable goods................................ 109.3 109.8 109.2 110.4 109.8 111.2 110.4 111.1 111.2 111.0 -.2
Nondurable goods............................. 96.8 98.6 97.1 98.8 98.3 99.9 100.0 99.8 99.6 100.4 .8
Private service-providing................. 124.2 127.6 129.0 132.2 125.8 130.2 130.8 131.2 131.1 131.9 .6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 114.1 117.3 116.8 119.5 116.7 119.4 119.9 120.3 120.5 120.7 .2
Wholesale trade.............................. 120.8 128.3 128.5 132.0 123.2 129.2 130.4 130.9 130.9 131.9 .8
Retail trade................................. 107.9 108.8 107.2 109.4 110.6 111.9 111.3 111.4 111.4 111.5 .1
Transportation and warehousing............... 119.1 121.9 122.5 125.1 121.8 124.4 125.5 125.1 126.5 126.5 .0
Utilities.................................... 109.6 116.4 114.7 117.3 110.7 113.7 116.1 117.8 116.4 118.1 1.5
Information................................... 116.7 118.7 119.3 122.5 118.2 118.7 119.4 120.3 120.2 121.9 1.4
Financial activities.......................... 129.7 131.4 132.6 136.1 131.6 133.0 133.2 133.8 134.2 134.7 .4
Professional and business services............ 133.3 136.9 139.2 143.6 135.7 140.9 142.1 141.8 141.7 142.7 .7
Education and health services................. 131.4 138.7 139.9 141.9 131.0 137.8 138.6 139.5 139.6 140.7 .8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 123.3 125.3 129.2 133.2 128.0 134.4 135.0 135.2 136.2 136.8 .4
Other services................................ 110.1 111.0 112.7 115.1 110.5 113.5 113.6 113.9 114.5 115.2 .6
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate
payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of
average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2004 .............. 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8
2005 .............. 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7
2006 .............. 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0
2007 .............. 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5
2008 .............. 45.4 p43.6 p47.6
Over 3-month span:
2004 .............. 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6
2005 .............. 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3
2006 .............. 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4
2007 .............. 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4
2008 .............. 46.7 p46.2 p42.9
Over 6-month span:
2004 .............. 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0
2005 .............. 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0
2006 .............. 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0
2007 .............. 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8
2008 .............. 51.5 p50.2 p45.4
Over 12-month span:
2004 .............. 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8
2005 .............. 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7
2006 .............. 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5
2007 .............. 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7
2008 .............. 53.8 p54.9 p50.7
Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries (1)
Over 1-month span:
2004 .............. 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9
2005 .............. 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0
2006 .............. 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3
2007 .............. 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3
2008 .............. 40.5 p29.2 p39.3
Over 3-month span:
2004 .............. 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7
2005 .............. 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4
2006 .............. 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5
2007 .............. 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7
2008 .............. 35.7 p28.0 p28.6
Over 6-month span:
2004 .............. 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7
2005 .............. 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3
2006 .............. 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8
2007 .............. 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7
2008 .............. 34.5 p34.5 p33.9
Over 12-month span:
2004 .............. 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6
2005 .............. 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1
2006 .............. 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0
2007 .............. 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9
2008 .............. 29.8 p29.8 p26.8
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
United States Department of Labor
