Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	      USDL-19-0565
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 5, 2019

Technical information: 
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov
	

                 THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MARCH 2019

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 196,000 in March, and the
unemployment rate was unchanged at 3.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in health care and
in professional and technical services. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household
survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic
characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours,
and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and
statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. 

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate remained at 3.8 percent in March, and the number of
unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 6.2 million. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men
(3.6 percent), adult women (3.3 percent), teenagers (12.8 percent), Whites
(3.4 percent), Blacks (6.7 percent), Asians (3.1 percent), and Hispanics
(4.7 percent) showed little or no change in March. (See tables A-1, A-2,
and A-3.)

In March, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks
or more) was essentially unchanged at 1.3 million and accounted for 21.1
percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 63.0 percent, was little changed
over the month and has shown little movement on net over the past 12 months.
The employment-population ratio was 60.6 percent in March and has been
either 60.6 percent or 60.7 percent since October 2018. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes
referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 4.5
million in March. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time
employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced
or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In March, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force,
little different from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.)
These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available
for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They
were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in
the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 412,000 discouraged workers in
March, about unchanged from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally
adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work
because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 944,000
persons marginally attached to the labor force in March had not searched
for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities.
(See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 196,000 in March, with notable
gains in health care and in professional and technical services. Employment
growth averaged 180,000 per month in the first quarter of 2019, compared
with 223,000 per month in 2018. (See table B-1.)

Health care added 49,000 jobs in March and 398,000 over the past 12 months.
Over the month, employment increased in ambulatory health care services (+27,000),
hospitals (+14,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+9,000).  

Employment in professional and technical services grew by 34,000 in March
and 311,000 over the past 12 months. In March, computer systems design and
related services added 12,000 jobs. Employment continued to trend up in
architectural and engineering services (+6,000) and in management and technical
consulting services (+6,000). 

In March, employment in food services and drinking places continued its
upward trend (+27,000), in line with its average monthly gain over the prior
12 months.  
 
Employment in construction showed little change in March (+16,000) but has
increased by 246,000 over the past 12 months. 
 
Manufacturing employment changed little for the second month in a row (-6,000
in March, following +1,000 in February). In the 12 months prior to February,
manufacturing had added an average of 22,000 jobs per month. Within the
industry, employment in motor vehicles and parts declined in March (-6,000). 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, wholesale trade,
retail trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial
activities, and government, showed little change over the month. 
 
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased
by 0.1 hour to 34.5 hours in March, offsetting a decline of 0.1 hour in
February. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged in March at
40.7 hours, while overtime decreased by 0.1 hour to 3.4 hours. The average
workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm
payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 
 
In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm
payrolls rose by 4 cents to $27.70, following a 10-cent gain in February.
Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 3.2 percent.
Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees increased by 6 cents to $23.24 in March. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 
 
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised up from
+311,000 to +312,000, and the change for February was revised up from +20,000
to +33,000. With these revisions, employment gains in January and February
combined were 14,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result
from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since
the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
After revisions, job gains have averaged 180,000 per month over the last 3 months.  

_____________
The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday,
May 3, 2019, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Change from: Feb. 2019- Mar. 2019
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	257,097	258,239	258,392	258,537	145
Civilian labor force	161,646	163,229	163,184	162,960	-224
Participation rate	62.9	63.2	63.2	63.0	-0.2
Employed	155,160	156,694	156,949	156,748	-201
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.7	60.7	60.6	-0.1
Unemployed	6,486	6,535	6,235	6,211	-24
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.8	0.0
Not in labor force	95,451	95,010	95,208	95,577	369
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.8	0.0
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.6	0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	13.4	12.9	13.4	12.8	-0.6
White	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.4	0.1
Black or African American	6.8	6.8	7.0	6.7	-0.3
Asian	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	0.0
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.1	4.9	4.3	4.7	0.4
Total, 25 years and over	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.1	0.0
Less than a high school diploma	5.6	5.7	5.3	5.9	0.6
High school graduates, no college	4.3	3.8	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.4	0.2
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.0	-0.2
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,107	3,082	2,857	2,837	-20
Job leavers	860	805	840	779	-61
Reentrants	1,966	1,945	1,905	2,007	102
New entrants	615	606	623	614	-9
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,266	2,325	2,194	2,126	-68
5 to 14 weeks	1,976	2,013	1,810	1,815	5
15 to 26 weeks	900	902	942	950	8
27 weeks and over	1,337	1,252	1,271	1,305	34
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,969	5,147	4,310	4,499	189
Slack work or business conditions	2,989	3,451	2,792	2,909	117
Could only find part-time work	1,620	1,419	1,347	1,329	-18
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,439	20,949	21,153	21,297	144
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,454	1,614	1,424	1,357	-
Discouraged workers	450	426	428	412	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	182	312	33	196
Total private	173	297	28	182
Goods-producing	30	80	-28	12
Mining and logging	8	7	-4	2
Construction	2	56	-25	16
Manufacturing	20	17	1	-6
Durable goods(1)	21	19	1	-7
Motor vehicles and parts	3.6	-1.1	1.3	-6.3
Nondurable goods	-1	-2	0	1
Private service-providing	143	217	56	170
Wholesale trade	7.5	7.8	10.2	-2.0
Retail trade	1.2	9.3	-20.2	-11.7
Transportation and warehousing	22.5	30.2	-3.7	7.3
Utilities	-0.2	0.3	-1.1	1.3
Information	12	-12	-4	10
Financial activities	9	6	6	11
Professional and business services(1)	42	5	54	37
Temporary help services	-0.8	-26.3	3.1	-5.4
Education and health services(1)	37	68	13	70
Health care and social assistance	41.6	41.7	31.2	61.2
Leisure and hospitality	11	93	-1	33
Other services	1	9	3	14
Government	9	15	5	14
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	228	245	191	180
Total private	221	240	183	169
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.6	49.7	49.8	49.8
Total private women employees	48.2	48.3	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.4	82.4	82.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.5	34.5	34.4	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$26.84	$27.56	$27.66	$27.70
Average weekly earnings	$925.98	$950.82	$951.50	$955.65
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	109.0	110.9	110.6	111.1
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.2	-0.3	0.5
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	139.8	146.1	146.3	147.1
Over-the-month percent change	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.5
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	65.3	59.1	59.3	60.5
Manufacturing (76 industries)	67.1	57.9	55.3	54.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 689,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-65,000 to +165,000 (50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	257,097	258,392	258,537	257,097	258,708	258,888	258,239	258,392	258,537
Civilian labor force	161,548	162,793	162,823	161,646	162,821	163,240	163,229	163,184	162,960
Participation rate	62.8	63.0	63.0	62.9	62.9	63.1	63.2	63.2	63.0
Employed	154,877	156,167	156,441	155,160	156,803	156,945	156,694	156,949	156,748
Employment-population ratio	60.2	60.4	60.5	60.4	60.6	60.6	60.7	60.7	60.6
Unemployed	6,671	6,625	6,382	6,486	6,018	6,294	6,535	6,235	6,211
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.8
Not in labor force	95,549	95,599	95,714	95,451	95,886	95,649	95,010	95,208	95,577
Persons who currently want a job	4,793	5,196	4,887	5,112	5,397	5,327	5,254	5,222	5,227
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	124,331	124,965	125,037	124,331	125,137	125,227	124,890	124,965	125,037
Civilian labor force	85,924	86,056	86,286	86,104	86,330	86,441	86,577	86,439	86,442
Participation rate	69.1	68.9	69.0	69.3	69.0	69.0	69.3	69.2	69.1
Employed	82,151	82,311	82,606	82,598	83,194	83,041	83,031	83,095	83,034
Employment-population ratio	66.1	65.9	66.1	66.4	66.5	66.3	66.5	66.5	66.4
Unemployed	3,773	3,745	3,681	3,506	3,136	3,401	3,545	3,343	3,408
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.1	3.6	3.9	4.1	3.9	3.9
Not in labor force	38,407	38,909	38,750	38,227	38,807	38,785	38,313	38,527	38,595
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	115,832	116,513	116,586	115,832	116,646	116,739	116,436	116,513	116,586
Civilian labor force	83,162	83,435	83,603	83,149	83,408	83,500	83,599	83,632	83,573
Participation rate	71.8	71.6	71.7	71.8	71.5	71.5	71.8	71.8	71.7
Employed	79,810	80,117	80,295	80,091	80,633	80,501	80,472	80,712	80,564
Employment-population ratio	68.9	68.8	68.9	69.1	69.1	69.0	69.1	69.3	69.1
Unemployed	3,352	3,318	3,308	3,059	2,775	2,999	3,126	2,920	3,009
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6
Not in labor force	32,670	33,078	32,983	32,683	33,238	33,239	32,837	32,881	33,013
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	132,766	133,427	133,500	132,766	133,571	133,662	133,350	133,427	133,500
Civilian labor force	75,624	76,737	76,536	75,542	76,492	76,798	76,652	76,746	76,518
Participation rate	57.0	57.5	57.3	56.9	57.3	57.5	57.5	57.5	57.3
Employed	72,726	73,857	73,835	72,562	73,609	73,904	73,663	73,854	73,715
Employment-population ratio	54.8	55.4	55.3	54.7	55.1	55.3	55.2	55.4	55.2
Unemployed	2,898	2,880	2,701	2,980	2,883	2,894	2,990	2,892	2,803
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.7
Not in labor force	57,142	56,690	56,964	57,224	57,079	56,864	56,697	56,681	56,982
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	124,491	125,177	125,252	124,491	125,299	125,393	125,099	125,177	125,252
Civilian labor force	72,780	73,942	73,658	72,580	73,478	73,769	73,691	73,760	73,525
Participation rate	58.5	59.1	58.8	58.3	58.6	58.8	58.9	58.9	58.7
Employed	70,178	71,396	71,259	69,946	70,949	71,218	71,049	71,221	71,072
Employment-population ratio	56.4	57.0	56.9	56.2	56.6	56.8	56.8	56.9	56.7
Unemployed	2,602	2,546	2,399	2,634	2,529	2,550	2,642	2,540	2,453
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.3
Not in labor force	51,711	51,235	51,594	51,910	51,821	51,624	51,408	51,417	51,727
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,774	16,702	16,698	16,774	16,763	16,756	16,704	16,702	16,698
Civilian labor force	5,606	5,416	5,562	5,916	5,935	5,971	5,939	5,792	5,862
Participation rate	33.4	32.4	33.3	35.3	35.4	35.6	35.6	34.7	35.1
Employed	4,889	4,655	4,887	5,123	5,221	5,226	5,172	5,017	5,113
Employment-population ratio	29.1	27.9	29.3	30.5	31.1	31.2	31.0	30.0	30.6
Unemployed	717	761	675	793	714	745	767	776	748
Unemployment rate	12.8	14.0	12.1	13.4	12.0	12.5	12.9	13.4	12.8
Not in labor force	11,169	11,286	11,137	10,858	10,828	10,785	10,765	10,909	10,837
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	199,871	200,447	200,508	199,871	200,690	200,774	200,382	200,447	200,508
Civilian labor force	125,508	126,102	126,290	125,642	126,334	126,680	126,351	126,313	126,404
Participation rate	62.8	62.9	63.0	62.9	63.0	63.1	63.1	63.0	63.0
Employed	120,946	121,628	121,929	121,180	122,036	122,318	121,880	122,168	122,143
Employment-population ratio	60.5	60.7	60.8	60.6	60.8	60.9	60.8	60.9	60.9
Unemployed	4,562	4,475	4,362	4,461	4,299	4,362	4,471	4,144	4,261
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.4
Not in labor force	74,363	74,345	74,218	74,229	74,355	74,094	74,030	74,134	74,104
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,889	65,925	66,029	65,877	65,961	66,110	66,051	66,052	66,014
Participation rate	72.0	71.8	71.9	72.0	71.8	71.9	72.0	72.0	71.9
Employed	63,507	63,636	63,742	63,698	63,960	64,046	63,890	64,088	63,936
Employment-population ratio	69.4	69.3	69.4	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.8	69.6
Unemployed	2,382	2,289	2,287	2,179	2,000	2,064	2,161	1,964	2,078
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,271	56,042	55,893	55,172	55,819	55,995	55,740	55,814	55,806
Participation rate	57.5	58.1	58.0	57.4	57.9	58.0	57.8	57.9	57.9
Employed	53,543	54,365	54,293	53,381	54,023	54,226	53,959	54,151	54,140
Employment-population ratio	55.7	56.4	56.3	55.6	56.0	56.2	56.0	56.2	56.1
Unemployed	1,727	1,677	1,600	1,791	1,796	1,769	1,781	1,663	1,666
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,348	4,135	4,368	4,593	4,554	4,575	4,560	4,447	4,585
Participation rate	35.3	33.7	35.6	37.2	37.0	37.2	37.2	36.3	37.4
Employed	3,895	3,627	3,894	4,101	4,052	4,047	4,031	3,929	4,067
Employment-population ratio	31.6	29.6	31.8	33.3	32.9	32.9	32.9	32.0	33.2
Unemployed	453	508	474	492	502	528	530	518	517
Unemployment rate	10.4	12.3	10.9	10.7	11.0	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.3
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,638	32,897	32,925	32,638	32,923	32,956	32,868	32,897	32,925
Civilian labor force	20,347	20,441	20,328	20,452	20,451	20,460	20,628	20,575	20,432
Participation rate	62.3	62.1	61.7	62.7	62.1	62.1	62.8	62.5	62.1
Employed	18,955	18,944	18,965	19,063	19,232	19,107	19,220	19,137	19,073
Employment-population ratio	58.1	57.6	57.6	58.4	58.4	58.0	58.5	58.2	57.9
Unemployed	1,392	1,497	1,364	1,389	1,219	1,353	1,408	1,437	1,359
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.3	6.7	6.8	6.0	6.6	6.8	7.0	6.7
Not in labor force	12,291	12,457	12,597	12,186	12,472	12,496	12,240	12,322	12,493
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,258	9,333	9,344	9,317	9,310	9,284	9,367	9,414	9,399
Participation rate	67.8	67.6	67.6	68.2	67.4	67.2	67.9	68.2	68.0
Employed	8,670	8,595	8,675	8,752	8,771	8,709	8,705	8,734	8,753
Employment-population ratio	63.5	62.3	62.8	64.1	63.5	63.0	63.1	63.3	63.3
Unemployed	588	738	669	565	539	575	662	680	646
Unemployment rate	6.4	7.9	7.2	6.1	5.8	6.2	7.1	7.2	6.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,335	10,358	10,324	10,319	10,303	10,359	10,419	10,366	10,316
Participation rate	62.7	62.3	62.1	62.6	62.0	62.2	62.8	62.4	62.0
Employed	9,720	9,793	9,777	9,718	9,789	9,749	9,847	9,822	9,777
Employment-population ratio	59.0	58.9	58.8	59.0	58.9	58.6	59.3	59.1	58.8
Unemployed	616	565	547	600	515	611	572	544	539
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.5	5.3	5.8	5.0	5.9	5.5	5.3	5.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	754	750	660	816	837	817	842	795	717
Participation rate	30.1	30.3	26.7	32.6	33.6	32.8	34.0	32.1	29.0
Employed	566	556	513	592	672	650	669	582	542
Employment-population ratio	22.6	22.5	20.7	23.6	27.0	26.1	27.0	23.5	21.9
Unemployed	189	194	148	224	165	167	173	213	174
Unemployment rate	25.0	25.9	22.4	27.4	19.7	20.5	20.6	26.8	24.3
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	15,983	16,055	16,245	15,983	16,096	16,138	16,034	16,055	16,245
Civilian labor force	10,138	10,383	10,447	10,097	10,334	10,262	10,298	10,369	10,402
Participation rate	63.4	64.7	64.3	63.2	64.2	63.6	64.2	64.6	64.0
Employed	9,833	10,053	10,133	9,786	10,050	9,929	9,978	10,045	10,082
Employment-population ratio	61.5	62.6	62.4	61.2	62.4	61.5	62.2	62.6	62.1
Unemployed	305	329	314	311	284	334	321	324	320
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.1	2.7	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.1
Not in labor force	5,845	5,672	5,798	5,886	5,762	5,876	5,736	5,686	5,843
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,419	43,127	43,205	42,419	43,146	43,234	43,044	43,127	43,205
Civilian labor force	27,926	28,631	28,900	27,939	28,820	28,963	28,985	28,724	28,929
Participation rate	65.8	66.4	66.9	65.9	66.8	67.0	67.3	66.6	67.0
Employed	26,463	27,270	27,479	26,528	27,524	27,701	27,579	27,480	27,566
Employment-population ratio	62.4	63.2	63.6	62.5	63.8	64.1	64.1	63.7	63.8
Unemployed	1,463	1,361	1,421	1,412	1,296	1,261	1,406	1,245	1,363
Unemployment rate	5.2	4.8	4.9	5.1	4.5	4.4	4.9	4.3	4.7
Not in labor force	14,493	14,496	14,305	14,479	14,326	14,271	14,060	14,403	14,277
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,369	15,628	15,836	15,369	15,595	15,651	15,699	15,675	15,832
Participation rate	80.3	80.3	81.2	80.3	80.1	80.2	80.8	80.5	81.2
Employed	14,624	14,953	15,114	14,694	15,063	15,107	15,066	15,117	15,187
Employment-population ratio	76.4	76.8	77.5	76.8	77.3	77.4	77.6	77.7	77.9
Unemployed	744	675	722	674	533	544	633	557	646
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.3	4.6	4.4	3.4	3.5	4.0	3.6	4.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,270	11,806	11,842	11,248	11,857	12,002	11,968	11,798	11,839
Participation rate	58.2	59.9	60.0	58.1	60.2	60.8	60.9	59.9	60.0
Employed	10,711	11,328	11,318	10,695	11,308	11,487	11,396	11,331	11,321
Employment-population ratio	55.3	57.5	57.3	55.2	57.4	58.2	58.0	57.5	57.4
Unemployed	559	478	524	553	550	515	572	466	518
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.0	4.4	4.9	4.6	4.3	4.8	4.0	4.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,287	1,197	1,222	1,322	1,367	1,310	1,318	1,252	1,257
Participation rate	32.9	30.2	30.8	33.8	34.5	33.0	33.3	31.6	31.7
Employed	1,128	988	1,048	1,138	1,154	1,107	1,117	1,031	1,058
Employment-population ratio	28.8	24.9	26.4	29.1	29.1	27.9	28.2	26.0	26.6
Unemployed	159	209	175	184	214	202	201	221	199
Unemployment rate	12.4	17.4	14.3	13.9	15.6	15.4	15.2	17.6	15.9
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,180	9,903	10,064	10,246	10,191	10,283	10,065	10,267	10,142
Participation rate	45.5	45.4	45.8	45.8	46.7	46.1	45.2	47.0	46.1
Employed	9,519	9,243	9,374	9,676	9,619	9,683	9,489	9,720	9,548
Employment-population ratio	42.5	42.4	42.6	43.2	44.0	43.4	42.6	44.5	43.4
Unemployed	661	660	689	570	572	600	576	548	594
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.7	6.9	5.6	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.3	5.9
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,969	36,153	36,015	35,848	35,901	36,154	36,301	36,230	35,983
Participation rate	57.3	58.1	57.9	57.1	57.6	58.1	58.5	58.2	57.9
Employed	34,290	34,632	34,571	34,305	34,631	34,776	34,937	34,863	34,654
Employment-population ratio	54.6	55.6	55.6	54.6	55.6	55.9	56.3	56.0	55.8
Unemployed	1,679	1,521	1,444	1,543	1,271	1,377	1,363	1,367	1,329
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.2	4.0	4.3	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.7
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,550	37,234	37,204	37,617	37,471	37,175	37,339	37,213	37,268
Participation rate	65.5	65.4	65.1	65.6	65.3	65.7	65.5	65.3	65.2
Employed	36,175	35,956	35,895	36,285	36,293	35,954	36,071	36,040	36,012
Employment-population ratio	63.1	63.1	62.8	63.3	63.2	63.5	63.2	63.3	63.0
Unemployed	1,375	1,278	1,309	1,332	1,178	1,222	1,268	1,173	1,256
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.4
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	57,097	59,139	58,984	56,734	58,451	58,701	58,472	58,497	58,593
Participation rate	74.6	74.3	74.2	74.1	73.8	73.6	74.0	73.5	73.7
Employed	55,846	57,860	57,789	55,500	57,150	57,442	57,078	57,220	57,409
Employment-population ratio	73.0	72.7	72.7	72.5	72.1	72.0	72.2	71.9	72.2
Unemployed	1,251	1,279	1,195	1,234	1,301	1,260	1,395	1,277	1,184
Unemployment rate	2.2	2.2	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.0
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	19,313	18,933	17,453	17,055	1,860	1,878
Civilian labor force	9,617	9,351	8,483	8,208	1,134	1,143
Participation rate	49.8	49.4	48.6	48.1	60.9	60.9
Employed	9,225	9,081	8,112	7,968	1,113	1,113
Employment-population ratio	47.8	48.0	46.5	46.7	59.9	59.3
Unemployed	392	269	372	240	20	30
Unemployment rate	4.1	2.9	4.4	2.9	1.8	2.6
Not in labor force	9,696	9,582	8,970	8,847	726	735
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,089	4,231	3,385	3,540	704	691
Civilian labor force	3,362	3,425	2,865	2,941	497	485
Participation rate	82.2	81.0	84.6	83.1	70.6	70.1
Employed	3,195	3,319	2,706	2,854	489	465
Employment-population ratio	78.2	78.5	80.0	80.6	69.5	67.3
Unemployed	166	106	158	87	8	19
Unemployment rate	5.0	3.1	5.5	2.9	1.7	4.0
Not in labor force	727	806	520	599	207	207
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,101	3,123	2,621	2,596	480	527
Civilian labor force	2,442	2,437	2,072	2,072	370	365
Participation rate	78.8	78.0	79.1	79.8	77.0	69.3
Employed	2,367	2,391	2,004	2,031	363	360
Employment-population ratio	76.3	76.6	76.4	78.2	75.7	68.3
Unemployed	76	46	69	40	7	5
Unemployment rate	3.1	1.9	3.3	1.9	1.8	1.5
Not in labor force	659	686	549	525	110	162
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,750	7,332	7,487	7,080	263	252
Civilian labor force	1,646	1,443	1,587	1,370	59	72
Participation rate	21.2	19.7	21.2	19.4	22.4	28.7
Employed	1,585	1,403	1,526	1,330	59	72
Employment-population ratio	20.4	19.1	20.4	18.8	22.4	28.7
Unemployed	62	40	62	40	0	0
Unemployment rate	3.7	2.8	3.9	2.9	-	-
Not in labor force	6,104	5,889	5,900	5,710	204	180
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,373	4,247	3,960	3,839	413	408
Civilian labor force	2,166	2,046	1,959	1,825	208	221
Participation rate	49.5	48.2	49.5	47.5	50.3	54.2
Employed	2,078	1,968	1,876	1,752	202	216
Employment-population ratio	47.5	46.3	47.4	45.6	49.0	52.9
Unemployed	88	78	83	73	5	5
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.8	4.2	4.0	2.5	2.4
Not in labor force	2,207	2,201	2,001	2,014	205	187
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	228,782	230,736	102,363	103,460	126,419	127,276
Civilian labor force	149,929	151,634	76,505	77,174	73,424	74,459
Participation rate	65.5	65.7	74.7	74.6	58.1	58.5
Employed	143,951	145,758	73,269	73,845	70,682	71,913
Employment-population ratio	62.9	63.2	71.6	71.4	55.9	56.5
Unemployed	5,978	5,875	3,237	3,329	2,742	2,546
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.3	3.7	3.4
Not in labor force	78,853	79,102	25,858	26,286	52,996	52,816
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,415	30,575	226,683	227,962
Civilian labor force	6,526	6,570	155,022	156,253
Participation rate	21.5	21.5	68.4	68.5
Employed	5,991	6,049	148,885	150,392
Employment-population ratio	19.7	19.8	65.7	66.0
Unemployed	535	521	6,136	5,860
Unemployment rate	8.2	7.9	4.0	3.8
Not in labor force	23,889	24,005	71,661	71,709
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,882	2,921	77,606	77,724
Participation rate	37.4	38.0	82.7	82.8
Employed	2,624	2,623	74,254	74,535
Employment-population ratio	34.1	34.1	79.1	79.4
Unemployed	259	298	3,352	3,188
Unemployment rate	9.0	10.2	4.3	4.1
Not in labor force	4,818	4,774	16,270	16,136
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,547	2,427	68,597	69,297
Participation rate	32.2	30.5	70.8	71.7
Employed	2,321	2,250	66,100	66,925
Employment-population ratio	29.3	28.3	68.3	69.2
Unemployed	226	177	2,497	2,372
Unemployment rate	8.9	7.3	3.6	3.4
Not in labor force	5,371	5,523	28,237	27,405
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,097	1,222	8,819	9,232
Participation rate	7.4	8.2	24.5	24.7
Employed	1,046	1,175	8,531	8,932
Employment-population ratio	7.1	7.9	23.7	23.9
Unemployed	50	46	288	300
Unemployment rate	4.6	3.8	3.3	3.2
Not in labor force	13,700	13,709	27,154	28,168
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,358	43,562	21,128	21,216	22,230	22,346
Civilian labor force	28,441	28,893	16,387	16,564	12,054	12,329
Participation rate	65.6	66.3	77.6	78.1	54.2	55.2
Employed	27,280	27,775	15,763	15,981	11,517	11,794
Employment-population ratio	62.9	63.8	74.6	75.3	51.8	52.8
Unemployed	1,161	1,118	624	583	536	535
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.5	4.4	4.3
Not in labor force	14,918	14,669	4,741	4,652	10,177	10,017
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	213,739	214,975	103,203	103,821	110,535	111,154
Civilian labor force	133,107	133,930	69,537	69,722	63,570	64,207
Participation rate	62.3	62.3	67.4	67.2	57.5	57.8
Employed	127,597	128,666	66,388	66,625	61,209	62,041
Employment-population ratio	59.7	59.9	64.3	64.2	55.4	55.8
Unemployed	5,510	5,264	3,149	3,098	2,362	2,166
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.9	4.5	4.4	3.7	3.4
Not in labor force	80,632	81,045	33,667	34,099	46,965	46,947
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,266	2,344	2,243	2,331	2,556	2,522	2,576	2,510	2,332
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,409	1,572	1,558	1,499	1,772	1,747	1,778	1,741	1,687
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	840	757	667	801	768	752	787	764	644
Unpaid family workers	17	15	18	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	152,611	153,824	154,197	152,664	154,297	154,520	154,177	154,446	154,358
Wage and salary workers(1)	143,601	145,148	145,493	143,668	145,313	145,478	145,251	145,674	145,609
Government	21,368	21,032	21,077	20,973	21,054	20,677	20,614	20,588	20,677
Private industries	122,233	124,116	124,417	122,699	124,365	124,787	124,657	125,042	124,948
Private households	781	796	808	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	121,452	123,321	123,609	121,932	123,512	123,904	123,861	124,243	124,153
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,959	8,638	8,659	8,983	8,889	9,031	8,855	8,780	8,727
Unpaid family workers	50	38	45	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,080	4,561	4,621	4,969	4,781	4,657	5,147	4,310	4,499
Slack work or business conditions	3,023	2,986	2,949	2,989	2,882	2,891	3,451	2,792	2,909
Could only find part-time work	1,738	1,295	1,413	1,620	1,562	1,496	1,419	1,347	1,329
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,817	21,807	21,738	21,439	20,909	21,234	20,949	21,153	21,297
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,975	4,477	4,548	4,867	4,726	4,580	5,079	4,244	4,439
Slack work or business conditions	2,966	2,933	2,895	2,934	2,843	2,816	3,418	2,763	2,854
Could only find part-time work	1,726	1,291	1,410	1,613	1,571	1,473	1,401	1,339	1,327
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,382	21,411	21,434	21,022	20,521	20,826	20,548	20,761	20,995
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	154,877	156,167	156,441	155,160	156,803	156,945	156,694	156,949	156,748
16 to 19 years	4,889	4,655	4,887	5,123	5,221	5,226	5,172	5,017	5,113
16 to 17 years	1,701	1,565	1,601	1,868	1,915	1,784	1,674	1,756	1,759
18 to 19 years	3,188	3,090	3,285	3,269	3,295	3,441	3,459	3,249	3,356
20 years and over	149,988	151,512	151,554	150,036	151,582	151,720	151,522	151,932	151,635
20 to 24 years	14,158	13,821	13,925	14,335	13,942	13,885	13,911	14,018	14,064
25 years and over	135,830	137,691	137,629	135,802	137,615	137,786	137,605	137,942	137,685
25 to 54 years	100,015	100,574	100,750	100,030	100,844	100,833	100,787	100,840	100,792
25 to 34 years	35,105	35,512	35,686	35,111	35,672	35,689	35,665	35,584	35,695
35 to 44 years	32,410	32,965	32,785	32,465	32,796	32,881	32,902	33,101	32,855
45 to 54 years	32,500	32,098	32,279	32,454	32,376	32,263	32,221	32,156	32,241
55 years and over	35,814	37,117	36,879	35,772	36,771	36,954	36,817	37,102	36,893
Men, 16 years and over	82,151	82,311	82,606	82,598	83,194	83,041	83,031	83,095	83,034
16 to 19 years	2,341	2,194	2,311	2,507	2,561	2,540	2,559	2,384	2,470
16 to 17 years	771	751	793	873	848	848	805	860	882
18 to 19 years	1,570	1,443	1,518	1,639	1,711	1,686	1,735	1,535	1,594
20 years and over	79,810	80,117	80,295	80,091	80,633	80,501	80,472	80,712	80,564
20 to 24 years	7,325	7,006	7,015	7,446	7,089	7,044	7,101	7,148	7,120
25 years and over	72,485	73,111	73,280	72,711	73,519	73,435	73,398	73,566	73,520
25 to 54 years	53,460	53,539	53,825	53,624	53,933	53,774	53,808	53,858	53,968
25 to 34 years	18,900	19,002	19,294	18,942	19,201	19,165	19,132	19,119	19,314
35 to 44 years	17,492	17,760	17,635	17,573	17,664	17,701	17,772	17,899	17,720
45 to 54 years	17,069	16,777	16,897	17,110	17,068	16,908	16,904	16,840	16,933
55 years and over	19,025	19,572	19,455	19,087	19,587	19,661	19,591	19,708	19,553
Women, 16 years and over	72,726	73,857	73,835	72,562	73,609	73,904	73,663	73,854	73,715
16 to 19 years	2,548	2,461	2,576	2,616	2,660	2,686	2,613	2,633	2,643
16 to 17 years	930	813	808	995	1,067	936	869	896	877
18 to 19 years	1,618	1,648	1,767	1,631	1,584	1,755	1,723	1,714	1,762
20 years and over	70,178	71,396	71,259	69,946	70,949	71,218	71,049	71,221	71,072
20 to 24 years	6,834	6,815	6,910	6,889	6,853	6,841	6,810	6,870	6,944
25 years and over	63,344	64,580	64,349	63,091	64,096	64,352	64,206	64,377	64,164
25 to 54 years	46,555	47,035	46,925	46,406	46,912	47,059	46,979	46,983	46,824
25 to 34 years	16,206	16,510	16,392	16,169	16,471	16,524	16,533	16,465	16,381
35 to 44 years	14,918	15,205	15,151	14,892	15,132	15,180	15,130	15,202	15,135
45 to 54 years	15,431	15,321	15,382	15,344	15,308	15,355	15,317	15,316	15,308
55 years and over	16,789	17,545	17,424	16,686	17,184	17,293	17,227	17,394	17,340
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,870	45,664	45,865	45,878	46,204	45,984	45,819	45,893	45,867
Married women, spouse present(1)	35,912	36,731	36,841	35,636	36,220	36,379	36,504	36,574	36,566
Women who maintain families(2)	9,595	9,596	9,708	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	126,424	128,836	128,819	127,523	129,774	129,913	129,837	130,159	129,969
Part-time workers(4)	28,453	27,331	27,622	27,793	27,017	26,994	26,752	26,878	26,938
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,771	7,823	8,047	7,605	7,749	7,866	7,850	7,641	7,853
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.0	5.1	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.0
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,891	6,072	5,991	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,799	9,395	9,326	9,783	9,657	9,783	9,642	9,544	9,371
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,486	6,235	6,211	4.0	3.7	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.8
16 to 19 years	793	776	748	13.4	12.0	12.5	12.9	13.4	12.8
16 to 17 years	328	335	254	14.9	13.2	13.8	14.4	16.0	12.6
18 to 19 years	464	453	486	12.4	11.5	12.1	12.2	12.2	12.7
20 years and over	5,693	5,459	5,463	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.5
20 to 24 years	1,023	1,090	1,095	6.7	6.6	7.2	7.6	7.2	7.2
25 years and over	4,699	4,372	4,359	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1
25 to 54 years	3,556	3,331	3,373	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2
25 to 34 years	1,520	1,495	1,487	4.1	3.7	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.0
35 to 44 years	1,064	886	930	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.8
45 to 54 years	971	950	955	2.9	2.6	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
55 years and over	1,166	1,029	1,012	3.2	2.9	2.9	3.2	2.7	2.7
Men, 16 years and over	3,506	3,343	3,408	4.1	3.6	3.9	4.1	3.9	3.9
16 to 19 years	447	423	398	15.1	12.3	13.7	14.1	15.1	13.9
16 to 17 years	174	189	116	16.7	14.8	14.9	15.6	18.0	11.7
18 to 19 years	274	251	274	14.3	11.1	13.7	13.1	14.0	14.7
20 years and over	3,059	2,920	3,009	3.7	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6
20 to 24 years	599	589	690	7.4	7.3	7.8	8.4	7.6	8.8
25 years and over	2,466	2,333	2,327	3.3	2.9	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1
25 to 54 years	1,849	1,762	1,765	3.3	2.9	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2
25 to 34 years	810	767	750	4.1	3.3	3.7	4.0	3.9	3.7
35 to 44 years	536	479	505	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.8
45 to 54 years	503	515	510	2.9	2.6	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.9
55 years and over	617	571	562	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.3	2.8	2.8
Women, 16 years and over	2,980	2,892	2,803	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.7
16 to 19 years	346	352	350	11.7	11.7	11.3	11.7	11.8	11.7
16 to 17 years	153	146	137	13.3	11.9	12.9	13.3	14.0	13.5
18 to 19 years	190	203	212	10.5	12.0	10.5	11.2	10.6	10.7
20 years and over	2,634	2,540	2,453	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.3
20 to 24 years	425	501	404	5.8	5.8	6.5	6.7	6.8	5.5
25 years and over	2,233	2,040	2,032	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1
25 to 54 years	1,707	1,570	1,608	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.3
25 to 34 years	710	728	737	4.2	4.1	4.2	3.9	4.2	4.3
35 to 44 years	529	407	426	3.4	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.7
45 to 54 years	468	435	445	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.8	2.8
55 years and over	550	461	463	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.6
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	988	907	912	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	1.9	1.9
Married women, spouse present(1)	951	866	892	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.4
Women who maintain families(2)	569	496	479	5.6	5.4	4.5	5.4	4.9	4.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,228	5,087	5,026	3.9	3.5	3.7	4.0	3.8	3.7
Part-time workers(4)	1,302	1,135	1,224	4.5	4.5	4.8	4.2	4.1	4.3
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,375	3,300	3,098	3,107	2,842	2,903	3,082	2,857	2,837
On temporary layoff	1,007	1,088	1,029	865	804	762	937	820	878
Not on temporary layoff	2,368	2,212	2,069	2,242	2,038	2,141	2,144	2,037	1,960
Permanent job losers	1,696	1,406	1,470	1,602	1,337	1,432	1,427	1,300	1,379
Persons who completed temporary jobs	672	806	599	640	701	710	717	737	580
Job leavers	850	840	763	860	697	839	805	840	779
Reentrants	1,912	1,908	1,982	1,966	1,880	1,958	1,945	1,905	2,007
New entrants	534	577	539	615	577	588	606	623	614
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	50.6	49.8	48.5	47.4	47.4	46.2	47.9	45.9	45.5
On temporary layoff	15.1	16.4	16.1	13.2	13.4	12.1	14.6	13.2	14.1
Not on temporary layoff	35.5	33.4	32.4	34.2	34.0	34.1	33.3	32.7	31.4
Job leavers	12.7	12.7	12.0	13.1	11.6	13.3	12.5	13.5	12.5
Reentrants	28.7	28.8	31.1	30.0	31.4	31.1	30.2	30.6	32.2
New entrants	8.0	8.7	8.4	9.4	9.6	9.3	9.4	10.0	9.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.1	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
New entrants	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,994	2,085	1,868	2,266	2,128	2,126	2,325	2,194	2,126
5 to 14 weeks	2,203	2,137	2,017	1,976	1,842	2,027	2,013	1,810	1,815
15 weeks and over	2,475	2,403	2,496	2,237	2,124	2,203	2,153	2,214	2,256
15 to 26 weeks	1,059	1,031	1,111	900	865	897	902	942	950
27 weeks and over	1,416	1,371	1,385	1,337	1,259	1,306	1,252	1,271	1,305
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	24.8	21.5	22.9	24.2	21.7	21.8	20.5	21.7	22.2
Median duration, in weeks	10.2	9.5	10.8	9.2	9.0	9.1	8.9	9.3	9.6
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	29.9	31.5	29.3	35.0	34.9	33.4	35.8	35.3	34.3
5 to 14 weeks	33.0	32.3	31.6	30.5	30.2	31.9	31.0	29.1	29.3
15 weeks and over	37.1	36.3	39.1	34.5	34.9	34.7	33.2	35.6	36.4
15 to 26 weeks	15.9	15.6	17.4	13.9	14.2	14.1	13.9	15.2	15.3
27 weeks and over	21.2	20.7	21.7	20.6	20.7	20.5	19.3	20.4	21.1
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019
Total, 16 years and over(1)	154,877	156,441	6,671	6,382	4.1	3.9
Management, professional, and related occupations	63,067	64,299	1,310	1,289	2.0	2.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	25,992	26,898	520	552	2.0	2.0
Professional and related occupations	37,074	37,401	790	736	2.1	1.9
Service occupations	26,564	26,351	1,447	1,442	5.2	5.2
Sales and office occupations	32,896	33,050	1,428	1,379	4.2	4.0
Sales and related occupations	15,413	15,365	731	739	4.5	4.6
Office and administrative support occupations	17,482	17,685	697	640	3.8	3.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,860	14,060	999	827	6.7	5.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	992	1,130	137	207	12.1	15.5
Construction and extraction occupations	7,966	8,367	712	503	8.2	5.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,902	4,562	150	118	3.0	2.5
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,490	18,681	933	889	4.8	4.5
Production occupations	8,539	8,635	382	375	4.3	4.2
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,952	10,046	551	514	5.2	4.9
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,671	6,382	4.1	3.9
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,136	4,869	4.0	3.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	55	26	6.9	3.6
Construction	696	490	7.4	5.2
Manufacturing	511	475	3.3	2.9
Durable goods	304	254	3.1	2.5
Nondurable goods	208	221	3.6	3.6
Wholesale and retail trade	960	917	4.8	4.7
Transportation and utilities	241	262	3.6	3.6
Information	108	105	4.1	4.0
Financial activities	181	280	1.8	2.8
Professional and business services	714	678	4.2	3.9
Education and health services	619	583	2.6	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	808	827	5.8	5.8
Other services	242	224	3.6	3.4
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	147	195	9.7	11.5
Government workers	522	405	2.4	1.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	333	375	3.3	3.8
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.1	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.1	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.8
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.1	4.1
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	5.0	4.9	4.7	4.9	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.6
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	8.1	7.7	7.5	7.9	7.6	7.6	8.1	7.3	7.3
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2018	Mar. 2019
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	95,549	95,714	38,407	38,750	57,142	56,964
Persons who currently want a job	4,793	4,887	2,272	2,267	2,521	2,620
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,454	1,357	770	680	684	677
Discouraged workers(2)	450	412	271	237	179	176
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,004	944	498	443	506	501
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,771	8,047	3,991	3,863	3,781	4,184
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.1	4.9	4.7	5.2	5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,272	4,473	2,396	2,309	1,877	2,164
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,040	2,197	766	826	1,274	1,371
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	307	282	199	185	109	96
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,108	1,027	612	522	496	505
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)	Change from: Feb.2019 - Mar.2019(p)
Total nonfarm	147,368	148,295	149,143	149,867	148,279	150,587	150,620	150,816	196
Total private	124,601	125,932	126,360	126,989	125,870	128,087	128,115	128,297	182
Goods-producing	20,195	20,557	20,572	20,686	20,527	21,041	21,013	21,025	12
Mining and logging	704	745	744	746	714	759	755	757	2
Logging	48.7	47.1	45.8	45.3	50.1	48.2	46.4	46.7	0.3
Mining	655.5	698.0	697.8	700.6	664.0	710.3	708.8	709.9	1.1
Oil and gas extraction	142.0	148.6	150.5	151.8	142.8	150.0	151.9	152.6	0.7
Mining, except oil and gas	184.7	188.6	189.0	191.3	189.5	195.4	195.5	196.1	0.6
Coal mining	50.6	52.6	52.5	52.5	50.9	52.6	52.6	52.7	0.1
Metal ore mining	41.1	40.7	40.8	40.8	41.3	41.0	41.1	41.1	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	93.0	95.3	95.7	98.0	97.3	101.8	101.8	102.3	0.5
Support activities for mining	328.8	360.8	358.3	357.5	331.7	364.9	361.4	361.2	-0.2
Construction	6,933	7,071	7,066	7,172	7,201	7,456	7,431	7,447	16
Construction of buildings	1,565.0	1,603.4	1,603.1	1,615.8	1,605.2	1,655.9	1,654.6	1,656.4	1.8
Residential building	765.6	805.2	806.7	815.0	789.9	832.5	833.6	838.3	4.7
Nonresidential building	799.4	798.2	796.4	800.8	815.3	823.4	821.0	818.1	-2.9
Heavy and civil engineering construction	960.2	969.7	971.1	1,000.9	1,034.1	1,086.5	1,075.9	1,076.5	0.6
Specialty trade contractors	4,408.2	4,498.2	4,492.0	4,555.7	4,561.3	4,714.0	4,700.8	4,713.8	13.0
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,938.9	1,971.0	1,962.2	1,992.2	2,006.8	2,063.8	2,054.6	2,062.1	7.5
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,469.3	2,527.2	2,529.8	2,563.5	2,554.5	2,650.2	2,646.2	2,651.7	5.5
Manufacturing	12,558	12,741	12,762	12,768	12,612	12,826	12,827	12,821	-6
Durable goods	7,870	8,023	8,032	8,034	7,886	8,055	8,056	8,049	-7
Wood products	402.4	404.1	405.9	403.5	406.2	408.2	410.2	407.2	-3.0
Nonmetallic mineral products	408.1	408.0	404.1	405.8	414.0	420.0	414.0	411.6	-2.4
Primary metals	376.2	382.8	383.9	384.0	376.3	382.7	383.7	383.7	0.0
Fabricated metal products	1,451.9	1,480.3	1,477.5	1,478.7	1,455.2	1,484.6	1,481.9	1,482.0	0.1
Machinery	1,102.7	1,137.9	1,141.9	1,140.5	1,104.4	1,139.6	1,141.7	1,142.3	0.6
Computer and electronic products	1,047.5	1,068.7	1,070.7	1,074.4	1,049.4	1,071.9	1,073.6	1,075.7	2.1
Computer and peripheral equipment	155.4	159.2	159.8	159.8	155.7	159.6	160.2	159.8	-0.4
Communications equipment	86.1	85.1	85.3	86.0	86.1	85.5	85.8	86.0	0.2
Semiconductors and electronic components	367.4	373.6	375.1	376.6	367.9	375.3	376.0	376.8	0.8
Electronic instruments	405.1	417.7	417.6	419.1	405.7	418.2	418.3	419.8	1.5
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	33.5	33.1	32.9	32.9	33.8	33.4	33.3	33.3	0.0
Electrical equipment and appliances	392.9	403.1	401.4	402.7	394.0	404.3	403.5	404.0	0.5
Transportation equipment(1)	1,691.0	1,733.9	1,740.5	1,739.3	1,686.1	1,734.6	1,738.6	1,734.1	-4.5
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,001.4	1,003.8	1,007.8	1,003.6	995.5	1,004.0	1,005.3	999.0	-6.3
Furniture and related products	394.2	393.2	395.1	393.2	394.8	395.0	394.9	393.9	-1.0
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	602.8	610.6	611.1	611.7	605.3	614.4	613.4	614.3	0.9
Nondurable goods	4,688	4,718	4,730	4,734	4,726	4,771	4,771	4,772	1
Food manufacturing	1,589.8	1,607.2	1,611.6	1,610.6	1,613.0	1,632.1	1,632.2	1,634.8	2.6
Textile mills	112.2	111.8	111.9	112.8	112.3	112.2	112.0	112.8	0.8
Textile product mills	116.4	114.2	113.8	114.6	116.9	114.9	114.7	115.0	0.3
Apparel	115.1	108.5	106.8	107.7	115.1	109.5	106.8	107.6	0.8
Paper and paper products	363.8	368.2	370.2	370.3	364.4	369.7	370.0	370.6	0.6
Printing and related support activities	432.5	422.4	420.5	420.1	433.3	424.6	423.1	421.2	-1.9
Petroleum and coal products	111.0	112.4	112.9	112.9	114.5	116.6	117.3	116.6	-0.7
Chemicals	828.3	846.8	854.5	854.7	828.9	850.7	857.0	855.4	-1.6
Plastics and rubber products	727.5	731.5	734.5	733.0	728.0	735.9	735.4	733.5	-1.9
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	291.6	294.7	292.8	297.4	299.2	304.7	302.7	304.9	2.2
Private service-providing	104,406	105,375	105,788	106,303	105,343	107,046	107,102	107,272	170
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,283	27,711	27,462	27,485	27,591	27,836	27,821	27,816	-5
Wholesale trade	5,812.3	5,869.1	5,888.0	5,893.5	5,834.8	5,909.1	5,919.3	5,917.3	-2.0
Durable goods	3,126.5	3,178.0	3,190.3	3,196.0	3,134.4	3,195.1	3,201.2	3,204.5	3.3
Nondurable goods	2,143.5	2,139.5	2,143.5	2,147.3	2,155.8	2,160.7	2,161.7	2,160.3	-1.4
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	542.3	551.6	554.2	550.2	544.6	553.3	556.4	552.5	-3.9
Retail trade	15,610.8	15,753.5	15,555.4	15,563.4	15,834.3	15,830.3	15,810.1	15,798.4	-11.7
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,004.8	2,012.6	2,021.3	2,031.7	2,013.6	2,034.1	2,038.1	2,040.8	2.7
Automobile dealers	1,293.3	1,296.6	1,300.7	1,304.9	1,296.6	1,304.3	1,306.6	1,308.1	1.5
Other motor vehicle dealers	155.5	150.1	151.2	153.7	158.7	160.0	158.4	157.4	-1.0
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	556.0	565.9	569.4	573.1	558.2	569.9	573.1	575.3	2.2
Furniture and home furnishings stores	474.9	494.8	483.7	484.6	479.4	487.3	486.1	488.6	2.5
Electronics and appliance stores	490.7	479.5	471.6	468.9	495.0	471.6	474.0	472.7	-1.3
Building material and garden supply stores	1,321.5	1,239.4	1,263.2	1,310.4	1,315.3	1,302.8	1,305.3	1,303.9	-1.4
Food and beverage stores	3,047.9	3,094.5	3,090.2	3,082.2	3,080.0	3,109.5	3,113.7	3,113.0	-0.7
Health and personal care stores	1,058.7	1,068.5	1,040.0	1,032.6	1,062.7	1,059.1	1,046.9	1,039.2	-7.7
Gasoline stations	922.1	934.7	933.0	937.1	932.6	947.0	945.8	947.2	1.4
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,322.6	1,359.5	1,311.7	1,305.6	1,368.7	1,353.2	1,354.5	1,351.5	-3.0
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	573.2	568.2	546.5	544.1	594.4	559.8	559.8	562.5	2.7
General merchandise stores	3,021.1	3,112.4	3,005.3	2,982.2	3,089.1	3,090.7	3,071.5	3,064.3	-7.2
Department stores	1,105.3	1,167.1	1,099.5	1,084.1	1,144.4	1,142.7	1,130.6	1,128.5	-2.1
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,915.8	1,945.3	1,905.8	1,898.1	1,944.7	1,948.0	1,940.9	1,935.8	-5.1
Miscellaneous store retailers	811.2	815.2	817.4	815.9	833.7	838.6	837.5	838.6	1.1
Nonstore retailers	562.1	574.2	571.5	568.1	569.8	576.6	576.9	576.1	-0.8
Transportation and warehousing	5,305.7	5,535.7	5,467.7	5,474.1	5,365.6	5,541.2	5,537.5	5,544.8	7.3
Air transportation	495.6	506.5	509.9	512.4	497.9	510.5	513.9	514.3	0.4
Rail transportation	211.4	213.5	212.4	212.4	212.2	215.4	214.1	213.3	-0.8
Water transportation	61.8	62.9	62.3	63.2	63.8	65.0	65.2	65.2	0.0
Truck transportation	1,463.4	1,489.6	1,492.7	1,491.8	1,486.4	1,516.0	1,516.1	1,514.9	-1.2
Transit and ground passenger transportation	500.9	494.6	500.1	506.1	487.2	485.4	489.1	492.0	2.9
Pipeline transportation	49.2	47.5	46.8	47.0	49.2	47.6	47.1	47.1	0.0
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	28.0	25.4	24.7	26.7	35.3	35.6	33.8	33.7	-0.1
Support activities for transportation	705.6	715.2	715.5	720.2	707.7	721.3	719.8	722.4	2.6
Couriers and messengers	682.4	804.5	726.4	719.9	708.5	763.5	753.6	755.4	1.8
Warehousing and storage	1,107.4	1,176.0	1,176.9	1,174.4	1,117.4	1,180.9	1,184.8	1,186.5	1.7
Utilities	554.4	553.1	550.7	553.6	555.8	554.9	553.8	555.1	1.3
Information	2,814	2,769	2,799	2,810	2,824	2,815	2,811	2,821	10
Publishing industries, except Internet	730.1	730.8	731.4	731.9	732.3	733.5	733.7	734.1	0.4
Motion picture and sound recording industries	424.6	394.3	413.1	421.6	429.6	427.5	420.9	428.7	7.8
Broadcasting, except Internet	271.0	270.1	270.8	271.6	270.1	271.0	271.3	270.5	-0.8
Telecommunications	760.2	730.0	732.5	731.2	760.9	733.4	731.3	731.2	-0.1
Data processing, hosting and related services	329.1	325.8	331.0	333.0	329.9	329.4	331.9	333.5	1.6
Other information services	299.2	318.4	320.0	320.6	300.7	320.1	321.6	322.5	0.9
Financial activities	8,491	8,561	8,571	8,590	8,537	8,621	8,627	8,638	11
Finance and insurance	6,285.9	6,303.5	6,311.2	6,317.1	6,300.7	6,323.5	6,325.2	6,331.9	6.7
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.3	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.4	19.6	19.7	19.7	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,638.4	2,631.2	2,630.6	2,626.3	2,645.4	2,637.9	2,636.3	2,633.9	-2.4
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,713.4	1,712.3	1,712.9	1,709.2	1,714.5	1,714.4	1,714.8	1,710.5	-4.3
Commercial banking	1,322.4	1,313.8	1,313.4	1,311.0	1,322.3	1,315.3	1,313.7	1,310.7	-3.0
Nondepository credit intermediation	616.0	611.2	609.1	608.7	620.9	614.8	612.4	614.0	1.6
Activities related to credit intermediation	309.0	307.7	308.6	308.4	310.0	308.7	309.0	309.4	0.4
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	947.2	959.6	964.0	964.8	951.6	965.4	967.7	969.4	1.7
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,681.0	2,693.1	2,697.0	2,706.4	2,684.3	2,700.6	2,701.5	2,708.9	7.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,205.0	2,257.5	2,260.0	2,273.0	2,236.0	2,297.3	2,301.8	2,305.8	4.0
Real estate	1,633.3	1,665.6	1,670.3	1,674.8	1,649.0	1,686.6	1,690.9	1,691.6	0.7
Rental and leasing services	549.1	569.3	567.1	575.6	563.9	587.5	587.8	591.1	3.3
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	22.6	22.6	22.6	22.6	23.1	23.2	23.1	23.1	0.0
Professional and business services	20,566	20,841	20,994	21,092	20,816	21,259	21,313	21,350	37
Professional and technical services	9,235.0	9,434.1	9,525.5	9,548.9	9,207.2	9,456.7	9,484.0	9,518.1	34.1
Legal services	1,134.4	1,134.2	1,133.7	1,138.2	1,139.4	1,142.0	1,141.7	1,143.3	1.6
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,101.8	1,088.5	1,144.1	1,144.4	1,001.2	1,033.3	1,037.8	1,041.7	3.9
Architectural and engineering services	1,441.8	1,477.8	1,484.6	1,494.1	1,460.9	1,500.2	1,506.9	1,513.2	6.3
Specialized design services	141.0	145.6	147.5	147.8	142.6	147.8	149.2	149.3	0.1
Computer systems design and related services	2,077.6	2,159.8	2,167.8	2,162.9	2,096.3	2,163.9	2,168.8	2,180.3	11.5
Management and technical consulting services	1,447.7	1,492.7	1,506.0	1,509.2	1,464.7	1,512.2	1,520.0	1,526.1	6.1
Scientific research and development services	677.9	709.0	713.2	716.3	681.7	713.4	717.2	720.4	3.2
Advertising and related services	487.5	484.1	487.3	488.9	489.6	491.0	490.9	490.9	0.0
Other professional and technical services	725.3	742.4	741.3	747.1	730.8	752.9	751.5	753.0	1.5
Management of companies and enterprises	2,339.7	2,389.1	2,392.4	2,396.7	2,350.0	2,398.4	2,404.6	2,407.6	3.0
Administrative and waste services	8,991.3	9,017.6	9,075.9	9,146.3	9,259.0	9,403.8	9,424.5	9,423.8	-0.7
Administrative and support services	8,566.8	8,575.7	8,632.8	8,701.6	8,827.7	8,955.2	8,974.2	8,972.5	-1.7
Office administrative services	508.3	520.2	519.9	521.4	510.8	522.2	522.5	524.1	1.6
Facilities support services	151.9	153.6	155.3	155.8	152.0	155.1	156.1	156.0	-0.1
Employment services(1)	3,533.6	3,542.1	3,573.2	3,589.0	3,649.3	3,710.7	3,715.1	3,711.8	-3.3
Temporary help services	2,887.1	2,886.0	2,911.2	2,924.4	2,986.3	3,033.5	3,036.6	3,031.2	-5.4
Business support services	895.6	897.8	895.7	890.5	898.4	895.6	894.6	894.1	-0.5
Travel arrangement and reservation services	218.1	212.6	212.8	214.0	219.0	217.3	215.8	215.3	-0.5
Investigation and security services	933.4	932.6	936.5	944.0	940.1	945.1	948.5	951.1	2.6
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,003.3	1,991.2	2,008.7	2,054.4	2,134.5	2,177.6	2,187.0	2,187.0	0.0
Other support services	322.6	325.6	330.7	332.5	323.4	331.7	334.7	333.0	-1.7
Waste management and remediation services	424.5	441.9	443.1	444.7	431.3	448.6	450.3	451.3	1.0
Education and health services	23,656	23,802	24,125	24,206	23,518	23,980	23,993	24,063	70
Educational services	3,866.3	3,653.3	3,912.5	3,927.3	3,701.2	3,772.2	3,754.3	3,763.2	8.9
Health care and social assistance	19,790.1	20,148.9	20,212.5	20,278.4	19,816.3	20,207.8	20,239.0	20,300.2	61.2
Health care(3)	15,866.0	16,175.8	16,221.1	16,269.0	15,907.6	16,226.7	16,256.0	16,305.1	49.1
Ambulatory health care services	7,416.8	7,613.7	7,649.0	7,675.2	7,440.6	7,644.9	7,667.0	7,694.0	27.0
Offices of physicians	2,601.5	2,645.2	2,651.2	2,658.2	2,607.9	2,653.4	2,656.5	2,663.5	7.0
Offices of dentists	944.3	972.3	974.8	979.0	948.5	974.4	977.1	982.2	5.1
Offices of other health practitioners	912.0	952.6	956.4	957.7	916.1	956.9	959.7	962.1	2.4
Outpatient care centers	924.4	955.1	963.2	964.5	924.5	957.2	963.6	964.3	0.7
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	274.2	286.1	287.7	289.1	274.6	286.9	287.8	289.0	1.2
Home health care services	1,451.6	1,498.6	1,509.6	1,517.5	1,458.7	1,507.9	1,514.8	1,522.8	8.0
Other ambulatory health care services	308.8	303.8	306.1	309.2	310.3	308.0	307.5	310.1	2.6
Hospitals	5,111.9	5,199.0	5,203.8	5,220.0	5,114.9	5,207.0	5,209.8	5,223.4	13.6
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,337.3	3,363.1	3,368.3	3,373.8	3,352.1	3,374.8	3,379.2	3,387.7	8.5
Nursing care facilities	1,601.7	1,601.8	1,601.7	1,601.4	1,610.3	1,605.1	1,606.4	1,608.9	2.5
Residential mental health facilities	638.6	643.2	645.6	650.1	639.9	646.0	647.5	651.3	3.8
Community care facilities for the elderly	932.7	949.9	951.0	952.0	936.1	953.8	954.4	956.0	1.6
Other residential care facilities	164.3	168.2	170.0	170.3	165.8	169.9	170.8	171.4	0.6
Social assistance	3,924.1	3,973.1	3,991.4	4,009.4	3,908.7	3,981.1	3,983.0	3,995.1	12.1
Individual and family services	2,446.7	2,491.9	2,498.1	2,510.8	2,446.5	2,500.7	2,501.0	2,511.0	10.0
Emergency and other relief services	173.0	176.0	176.8	176.9	172.0	175.8	175.8	176.2	0.4
Vocational rehabilitation services	327.2	324.6	325.9	327.4	330.1	329.7	329.5	330.4	0.9
Child day care services	977.2	980.6	990.6	994.3	960.1	974.9	976.7	977.5	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	15,818	15,880	16,001	16,249	16,244	16,647	16,646	16,679	33
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,195.9	2,193.1	2,222.3	2,292.3	2,371.2	2,474.5	2,466.2	2,472.5	6.3
Performing arts and spectator sports	477.0	447.3	470.0	492.0	499.9	514.6	516.1	517.1	1.0
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	158.3	160.0	158.6	165.0	167.9	175.3	174.0	175.1	1.1
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,560.6	1,585.8	1,593.7	1,635.3	1,703.4	1,784.6	1,776.1	1,780.3	4.2
Accommodation and food services	13,622.5	13,687.2	13,778.2	13,957.0	13,872.7	14,172.3	14,179.5	14,206.3	26.8
Accommodation	1,952.5	1,940.3	1,956.4	1,977.1	2,020.4	2,042.7	2,045.8	2,045.3	-0.5
Food services and drinking places	11,670.0	11,746.9	11,821.8	11,979.9	11,852.3	12,129.6	12,133.7	12,161.0	27.3
Other services	5,778	5,811	5,836	5,871	5,813	5,888	5,891	5,905	14
Repair and maintenance	1,320.1	1,324.2	1,331.8	1,347.3	1,321.1	1,340.1	1,339.8	1,348.1	8.3
Personal and laundry services	1,479.1	1,498.7	1,508.2	1,516.8	1,493.2	1,522.6	1,528.7	1,531.9	3.2
Membership associations and organizations	2,979.2	2,987.9	2,996.4	3,006.7	2,998.3	3,025.6	3,022.6	3,025.3	2.7
Government	22,767	22,363	22,783	22,878	22,409	22,500	22,505	22,519	14
Federal	2,774.0	2,785.0	2,785.0	2,779.0	2,792.0	2,797.0	2,798.0	2,796.0	-2.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,168.8	2,182.0	2,180.1	2,173.6	2,184.8	2,191.4	2,192.2	2,190.7	-1.5
U.S. Postal Service	605.2	603.3	604.6	605.6	607.3	605.9	605.6	605.6	0.0
State government	5,311.0	5,081.0	5,315.0	5,346.0	5,160.0	5,184.0	5,190.0	5,194.0	4.0
State government education	2,639.4	2,399.4	2,627.6	2,655.4	2,479.9	2,487.5	2,489.4	2,495.2	5.8
State government, excluding education	2,671.4	2,681.9	2,687.5	2,690.3	2,679.8	2,696.1	2,700.6	2,698.5	-2.1
Local government	14,682.0	14,497.0	14,683.0	14,753.0	14,457.0	14,519.0	14,517.0	14,529.0	12.0
Local government education	8,281.5	8,095.0	8,269.7	8,319.4	7,950.0	7,984.2	7,981.3	7,989.5	8.2
Local government, excluding education	6,400.7	6,402.1	6,413.2	6,433.2	6,507.0	6,534.6	6,535.7	6,539.4	3.7
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.5	34.5	34.4	34.5
Goods-producing	40.5	40.7	40.3	40.5
Mining and logging	45.7	46.2	46.2	46.2
Construction	39.3	39.9	38.9	39.4
Manufacturing	40.9	40.8	40.7	40.7
Durable goods	41.3	41.1	41.0	41.0
Nondurable goods	40.2	40.3	40.2	40.2
Private service-providing	33.3	33.3	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.5	34.3	34.2	34.3
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.0	39.0	39.0
Retail trade	31.1	30.7	30.6	30.6
Transportation and warehousing	38.9	38.7	38.6	38.8
Utilities	42.1	42.3	42.4	42.2
Information	36.0	36.1	36.2	36.3
Financial activities	37.5	37.8	37.7	37.7
Professional and business services	36.2	36.2	36.2	36.3
Education and health services	32.9	33.0	33.0	33.1
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	26.1	26.0	26.1
Other services	31.7	31.9	31.9	32.0
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4
Durable goods	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4
Nondurable goods	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)
Total private	$26.84	$27.56	$27.66	$27.70	$925.98	$950.82	$951.50	$955.65
Goods-producing	27.99	28.54	28.67	28.68	1,133.60	1,161.58	1,155.40	1,161.54
Mining and logging	32.39	32.86	33.05	33.06	1,480.22	1,518.13	1,526.91	1,527.37
Construction	29.47	30.28	30.40	30.45	1,158.17	1,208.17	1,182.56	1,199.73
Manufacturing	26.89	27.26	27.43	27.38	1,099.80	1,112.21	1,116.40	1,114.37
Durable goods	28.17	28.71	28.90	28.92	1,163.42	1,179.98	1,184.90	1,185.72
Nondurable goods	24.70	24.76	24.88	24.74	992.94	997.83	1,000.18	994.55
Private service-providing	26.57	27.32	27.42	27.47	884.78	909.76	913.09	914.75
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23.09	23.82	23.94	24.01	796.61	817.03	818.75	823.54
Wholesale trade	30.15	30.89	31.06	31.26	1,178.87	1,204.71	1,211.34	1,219.14
Retail trade	18.49	19.33	19.39	19.40	575.04	593.43	593.33	593.64
Transportation and warehousing	24.28	24.46	24.59	24.67	944.49	946.60	949.17	957.20
Utilities	40.28	41.36	41.68	41.74	1,695.79	1,749.53	1,767.23	1,761.43
Information	39.30	41.62	41.58	41.71	1,414.80	1,502.48	1,505.20	1,514.07
Financial activities	34.39	35.40	35.52	35.54	1,289.63	1,338.12	1,339.10	1,339.86
Professional and business services	32.25	33.01	33.17	33.32	1,167.45	1,194.96	1,200.75	1,209.52
Education and health services	26.85	27.47	27.49	27.45	883.37	906.51	907.17	908.60
Leisure and hospitality	15.81	16.27	16.38	16.39	412.64	424.65	425.88	427.78
Other services	24.41	24.97	24.96	24.83	773.80	796.54	796.22	794.56
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2019 - Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2019 - Mar. 2019(p)
Total private	109.0	110.9	110.6	111.1	0.5	139.8	146.1	146.3	147.1	0.5
Goods-producing	94.7	97.6	96.5	97.0	0.5	119.8	125.9	125.0	125.8	0.6
Mining and logging	102.5	110.2	109.6	109.9	0.3	133.3	145.4	145.4	145.9	0.3
Construction	97.6	102.6	99.6	101.1	1.5	124.9	134.9	131.6	133.8	1.7
Manufacturing	92.8	94.1	93.9	93.9	0.0	116.0	119.3	119.8	119.5	-0.3
Durable goods	91.7	93.2	93.0	92.9	-0.1	114.7	118.8	119.4	119.3	-0.1
Nondurable goods	94.8	96.0	95.7	95.8	0.1	118.9	120.6	120.9	120.2	-0.6
Private service-providing	112.9	114.7	114.7	114.9	0.2	145.7	152.3	152.9	153.4	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103.8	104.1	103.8	104.0	0.2	129.2	133.7	133.9	134.6	0.5
Wholesale trade	100.6	101.7	101.8	101.8	0.0	126.9	131.3	132.3	133.1	0.6
Retail trade	100.0	98.7	98.2	98.2	0.0	122.2	126.1	125.9	125.9	0.0
Transportation and warehousing	119.3	122.6	122.2	123.0	0.7	146.9	152.1	152.4	153.9	1.0
Utilities	101.2	101.6	101.6	101.3	-0.3	134.7	138.8	139.9	139.8	-0.1
Information	92.8	92.8	92.9	93.5	0.6	129.9	137.5	137.6	138.9	0.9
Financial activities	104.8	106.7	106.5	106.7	0.2	140.6	147.4	147.6	147.8	0.1
Professional and business services	118.1	120.7	121.0	121.5	0.4	154.3	161.3	162.5	163.9	0.9
Education and health services	126.3	129.2	129.3	130.1	0.6	163.2	170.8	171.0	171.7	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	121.0	124.0	123.5	124.2	0.6	154.3	162.7	163.2	164.2	0.6
Other services	106.2	108.3	108.4	108.9	0.5	142.1	148.2	148.2	148.3	0.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)
Total nonfarm	73,520	74,890	74,985	75,119	49.6	49.7	49.8	49.8
Total private	60,639	61,899	61,999	62,113	48.2	48.3	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,518	4,671	4,673	4,683	22.0	22.2	22.2	22.3
Mining and logging	91	96	96	96	12.7	12.6	12.7	12.7
Construction	920	961	960	964	12.8	12.9	12.9	12.9
Manufacturing	3,507	3,614	3,617	3,623	27.8	28.2	28.2	28.3
Durable goods	1,853	1,914	1,919	1,925	23.5	23.8	23.8	23.9
Nondurable goods	1,654	1,700	1,698	1,698	35.0	35.6	35.6	35.6
Private service-providing	56,121	57,228	57,326	57,430	53.3	53.5	53.5	53.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,070	11,155	11,152	11,140	40.1	40.1	40.1	40.0
Wholesale trade	1,732.4	1,775.2	1,775.6	1,775.7	29.7	30.0	30.0	30.0
Retail trade	7,885.4	7,863.0	7,858.9	7,844.8	49.8	49.7	49.7	49.7
Transportation and warehousing	1,323.5	1,386.2	1,385.2	1,387.0	24.7	25.0	25.0	25.0
Utilities	128.8	130.8	132.0	132.6	23.2	23.6	23.8	23.9
Information	1,115	1,112	1,117	1,121	39.5	39.5	39.7	39.7
Financial activities	4,826	4,871	4,879	4,890	56.5	56.5	56.6	56.6
Professional and business services	9,396	9,643	9,683	9,707	45.1	45.4	45.4	45.5
Education and health services	18,119	18,503	18,528	18,576	77.0	77.2	77.2	77.2
Leisure and hospitality	8,516	8,797	8,819	8,841	52.4	52.8	53.0	53.0
Other services	3,079	3,147	3,148	3,155	53.0	53.4	53.4	53.4
Government	12,881	12,991	12,986	13,006	57.5	57.7	57.7	57.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)
Total private	103,703	105,520	105,532	105,674
Goods-producing	14,756	15,129	15,099	15,092
Mining and logging	530	565	562	564
Construction	5,379	5,563	5,533	5,537
Manufacturing	8,847	9,001	9,004	8,991
Durable goods	5,416	5,559	5,563	5,551
Nondurable goods	3,431	3,442	3,441	3,440
Private service-providing	88,947	90,391	90,433	90,582
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,330	23,566	23,537	23,527
Wholesale trade	4,686.0	4,753.0	4,761.1	4,759.0
Retail trade	13,535.7	13,527.8	13,506.8	13,494.5
Transportation and warehousing	4,662.1	4,840.9	4,827.1	4,831.1
Utilities	446.3	444.4	441.7	442.4
Information	2,269	2,269	2,268	2,271
Financial activities	6,618	6,678	6,682	6,689
Professional and business services	16,949	17,339	17,397	17,441
Education and health services	20,667	21,059	21,058	21,125
Leisure and hospitality	14,302	14,603	14,613	14,643
Other services	4,812	4,877	4,878	4,886
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.8	33.6	33.7
Goods-producing	41.5	41.6	40.9	41.3
Mining and logging	46.8	46.5	46.7	46.8
Construction	40.0	40.6	39.0	39.9
Manufacturing	42.2	42.0	41.7	41.7
Durable goods	42.5	42.3	42.0	42.1
Nondurable goods	41.6	41.4	41.3	41.2
Private service-providing	32.4	32.5	32.4	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	34.0	33.8	33.8
Wholesale trade	39.0	38.8	38.7	38.7
Retail trade	30.4	30.5	30.3	30.4
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	38.1	37.9	37.9
Utilities	42.8	42.6	42.3	42.5
Information	35.9	35.5	35.6	35.7
Financial activities	37.0	37.1	37.0	37.1
Professional and business services	35.3	35.5	35.4	35.4
Education and health services	32.2	32.2	32.2	32.3
Leisure and hospitality	24.9	24.9	24.8	24.9
Other services	30.7	30.8	30.8	30.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.3
Durable goods	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.3
Nondurable goods	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.3
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)
Total private	$22.49	$23.11	$23.18	$23.24	$757.91	$781.12	$778.85	$783.19
Goods-producing	23.76	24.41	24.40	24.49	986.04	1,015.46	997.96	1,011.44
Mining and logging	27.76	29.11	29.06	29.18	1,299.17	1,353.62	1,357.10	1,365.62
Construction	27.40	28.15	28.17	28.29	1,096.00	1,142.89	1,098.63	1,128.77
Manufacturing	21.39	21.85	21.91	21.93	902.66	917.70	913.65	914.48
Durable goods	22.33	22.81	22.86	22.92	949.03	964.86	960.12	964.93
Nondurable goods	19.87	20.28	20.34	20.30	826.59	839.59	840.04	836.36
Private service-providing	22.22	22.83	22.92	22.98	719.93	741.98	742.61	746.85
Trade, transportation, and utilities	19.65	20.22	20.33	20.49	666.14	687.48	687.15	692.56
Wholesale trade	24.77	25.55	25.76	26.05	966.03	991.34	996.91	1,008.14
Retail trade	15.68	16.21	16.27	16.44	476.67	494.41	492.98	499.78
Transportation and warehousing	21.70	22.14	22.26	22.33	831.11	843.53	843.65	846.31
Utilities	36.88	36.80	36.93	36.53	1,578.46	1,567.68	1,562.14	1,552.53
Information	31.59	33.05	33.15	33.22	1,134.08	1,173.28	1,180.14	1,185.95
Financial activities	26.82	27.27	27.46	27.30	992.34	1,011.72	1,016.02	1,012.83
Professional and business services	26.57	27.18	27.28	27.40	937.92	964.89	965.71	969.96
Education and health services	23.46	24.08	24.11	24.14	755.41	775.38	776.34	779.72
Leisure and hospitality	13.69	14.23	14.29	14.34	340.88	354.33	354.39	357.07
Other services	20.63	21.21	21.21	21.02	633.34	653.27	653.27	649.52
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2019 - Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019(p)	Mar. 2019(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2019 - Mar. 2019(p)
Total private	116.4	118.8	118.1	118.7	0.5	175.0	183.5	183.0	184.3	0.7
Goods-producing	93.6	96.2	94.4	95.2	0.8	136.1	143.8	141.0	142.8	1.3
Mining and logging	131.8	139.6	139.5	140.3	0.6	212.8	236.4	235.7	238.0	1.0
Construction	107.7	113.1	108.0	110.6	2.4	159.4	171.9	164.3	169.0	2.9
Manufacturing	85.7	86.8	86.2	86.1	-0.1	119.9	124.0	123.5	123.4	-0.1
Durable goods	86.5	88.3	87.8	87.8	0.0	120.5	125.8	125.3	125.6	0.2
Nondurable goods	84.1	84.0	83.7	83.5	-0.2	118.1	120.3	120.4	119.8	-0.5
Private service-providing	122.7	125.1	124.8	125.4	0.5	187.0	195.9	196.1	197.6	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	110.4	111.9	111.1	111.0	-0.1	154.9	161.5	161.2	162.4	0.7
Wholesale trade	108.5	109.4	109.4	109.3	-0.1	158.6	165.1	166.3	168.1	1.1
Retail trade	104.1	104.4	103.6	103.8	0.2	139.9	145.0	144.4	146.2	1.2
Transportation and warehousing	134.3	138.7	137.6	137.7	0.1	184.8	194.8	194.3	195.0	0.4
Utilities	97.7	96.8	95.6	96.2	0.6	150.4	148.7	147.3	146.6	-0.5
Information	93.0	91.9	92.2	92.5	0.3	145.4	150.4	151.2	152.2	0.7
Financial activities	115.3	116.6	116.4	116.8	0.3	190.2	195.7	196.6	196.2	-0.2
Professional and business services	133.8	137.6	137.7	138.0	0.2	211.4	222.4	223.4	224.9	0.7
Education and health services	141.9	144.6	144.6	145.5	0.6	219.7	229.8	230.1	231.8	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	130.4	133.2	132.7	133.6	0.7	202.8	215.2	215.4	217.5	1.0
Other services	103.6	105.3	105.4	105.9	0.5	155.7	162.8	162.8	162.2	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.