Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                    USDL-17-0392
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 7, 2017

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MARCH 2017


The unemployment rate declined to 4.5 percent in March, and total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 98,000,
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in professional and business services 
and in mining, while retail trade lost jobs.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate decreased by 0.2 percentage point to 4.5 percent in March, and the number of unemployed 
persons declined by 326,000 to 7.2 million. Both measures were down over the year. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (4.0 percent), Whites (3.9 percent), and 
Hispanics (5.1 percent) declined in March. The jobless rates for adult men (4.3 percent), teenagers (13.7 
percent), Blacks (8.0 percent), and Asians (3.3 percent) showed little or no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and 
A-3.)

In March, the number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks declined by 232,000 to 2.3 million. The number of 
long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed over the month at 1.7 million and 
accounted for 23.3 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months, the number of long-term unemployed was 
down by 526,000. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate remained at 63.0 percent in March, and the employment-population ratio, at 
60.1 percent, changed little. The employment-population ratio has edged up over the year, while the labor force 
participation rate has shown no clear trend. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time 
workers), at 5.6 million, was little changed in March but was down by 567,000 over the year. These individuals, 
who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or 
because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In March, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a year earlier. 
(The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available 
for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because 
they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 460,000 discouraged workers in March, down by 125,000 from a year 
earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work 
because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the 
labor force in March had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. 
(See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 98,000 in March, following gains of 219,000 in February and 216,000 
in January. Over the month, employment growth occurred in professional and business services (+56,000) and in 
mining (+11,000), while retail trade lost jobs (-30,000). (See table B-1.)

In March, employment in professional and business services rose by 56,000, about in line with the average monthly  
gain over the prior 12 months. Over the month, job gains occurred in services to buildings and dwellings 
(+17,000) and in architectural and engineering services (+7,000).

Mining added 11,000 jobs in March, with most of the gain occurring in support activities for mining (+9,000). 
Mining employment has risen by 35,000 since reaching a recent low in October 2016.

In March, employment continued to trend up in health care (+14,000), with job gains in hospitals (+9,000) and 
outpatient care centers (+6,000). In the first 3 months of this year, health care added an average of 20,000 jobs 
per month, compared with an average monthly gain of 32,000 in 2016. 

Employment in financial activities continued to trend up in March (+9,000) and has increased by 178,000 over the 
past 12 months.

Construction employment changed little in March (+6,000), following a gain of 59,000 in February. Employment in 
construction has been trending up since late last summer, largely among specialty trade contractors and in 
residential building. 

Retail trade lost 30,000 jobs in March. Employment in general merchandise stores declined by 35,000 in March and 
has declined by 89,000 since a recent high in October 2016.

Employment in other major industries, including manufacturing, wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, 
information, leisure and hospitality, and government, showed little or no change over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3 hours in March. In 
manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours, and overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.2 
hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 
0.1 hour to 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents to $26.14, 
following a 7-cent increase in February. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 68 cents, or 2.7 
percent. In March, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 
4 cents to $21.90. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised down from +238,000 to +216,000, and the 
change for February was revised down from +235,000 to +219,000. With these revisions, employment gains in January 
and February combined were 38,000 less than previously reported. Monthly revisions result from additional reports 
received from businesses since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. Over 
the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 178,000 per month.

_____________
The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 5, 2017, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Change from: Feb. 2017- Mar. 2017
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	252,768	254,082	254,246	254,414	168
Civilian labor force	159,278	159,716	160,056	160,201	145
Participation rate	63.0	62.9	63.0	63.0	0.0
Employed	151,301	152,081	152,528	153,000	472
Employment-population ratio	59.9	59.9	60.0	60.1	0.1
Unemployed	7,977	7,635	7,528	7,202	-326
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.5	-0.2
Not in labor force	93,490	94,366	94,190	94,213	23
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.5	-0.2
Adult men (20 years and over)	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.3	0.0
Adult women (20 years and over)	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.0	-0.3
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	15.9	15.0	15.0	13.7	-1.3
White	4.3	4.3	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Black or African American	8.9	7.7	8.1	8.0	-0.1
Asian	4.0	3.7	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.1	-0.5
Total, 25 years and over	4.2	3.9	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Less than a high school diploma	7.4	7.7	7.9	6.8	-1.1
High school graduates, no college	5.4	5.3	5.0	4.9	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	4.1	3.8	4.0	3.7	-0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.5	0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,851	3,713	3,709	3,519	-190
Job leavers	839	862	802	798	-4
Reentrants	2,483	2,170	2,197	2,066	-131
New entrants	783	813	773	790	17
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,420	2,468	2,566	2,334	-232
5 to 14 weeks	2,210	2,089	2,138	2,109	-29
15 to 26 weeks	1,167	1,192	1,057	1,115	58
27 weeks and over	2,213	1,850	1,801	1,687	-114
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	6,120	5,840	5,704	5,553	-151
Slack work or business conditions	3,650	3,583	3,574	3,402	-172
Could only find part-time work	2,118	1,944	1,864	1,852	-12
Part time for noneconomic reasons	20,430	20,487	20,773	20,723	-50
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,720	1,752	1,723	1,595	-
Discouraged workers	585	532	522	460	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	225	216	219	98
Total private	189	204	221	89
Goods-producing	5	51	96	28
Mining and logging	-18	5	11	11
Construction	43	34	59	6
Manufacturing	-20	12	26	11
Durable goods(1)	-17	10	8	11
Motor vehicles and parts	0.3	4.3	-5.3	3.0
Nondurable goods	-3	2	18	0
Private service-providing	184	153	125	61
Wholesale trade	1.9	6.4	7.9	-0.4
Retail trade	30.7	35.3	-30.9	-29.7
Transportation and warehousing	12.4	-12.9	8.1	3.5
Utilities	-1.3	-0.8	-0.8	-0.7
Information	6	-8	-4	-3
Financial activities	18	30	6	9
Professional and business services(1)	26	59	36	56
Temporary help services	5.7	15.1	8.9	10.5
Education and health services(1)	35	17	66	16
Health care and social assistance	24.5	25.3	36.9	16.7
Leisure and hospitality	49	15	27	9
Other services	6	12	10	1
Government	36	12	-2	9
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	196	178	197	178
Total private	173	177	192	171
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.5	49.5	49.6	49.5
Total private women employees	48.0	48.1	48.1	48.1
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.4	82.4	82.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.4	34.3	34.3
Average hourly earnings	$25.46	$26.02	$26.09	$26.14
Average weekly earnings	$875.82	$895.09	$894.89	$896.60
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	104.9	106.4	106.3	106.4
Over-the-month percent change	-0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	127.7	132.3	132.6	132.9
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (261 industries)	58.4	59.2	66.9	58.0
Manufacturing (78 industries)	37.8	50.6	67.9	52.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 634,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	252,768	254,246	254,414	252,768	254,540	254,742	254,082	254,246	254,414
Civilian labor force	158,854	159,482	159,912	159,278	159,456	159,640	159,716	160,056	160,201
Participation rate	62.8	62.7	62.9	63.0	62.6	62.7	62.9	63.0	63.0
Employed	150,738	151,594	152,628	151,301	152,048	152,111	152,081	152,528	153,000
Employment-population ratio	59.6	59.6	60.0	59.9	59.7	59.7	59.9	60.0	60.1
Unemployed	8,116	7,887	7,284	7,977	7,409	7,529	7,635	7,528	7,202
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.9	4.6	5.0	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5
Not in labor force	93,914	94,764	94,502	93,490	95,084	95,102	94,366	94,190	94,213
Persons who currently want a job	5,446	5,641	5,507	5,726	5,837	5,662	5,739	5,597	5,781
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,112	122,862	122,945	122,112	122,998	123,099	122,781	122,862	122,945
Civilian labor force	84,384	84,589	84,718	84,750	84,860	84,979	85,096	85,194	85,076
Participation rate	69.1	68.8	68.9	69.4	69.0	69.0	69.3	69.3	69.2
Employed	79,884	80,126	80,546	80,517	80,826	80,861	81,013	81,141	81,136
Employment-population ratio	65.4	65.2	65.5	65.9	65.7	65.7	66.0	66.0	66.0
Unemployed	4,499	4,463	4,172	4,234	4,034	4,118	4,083	4,053	3,940
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.3	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.6
Not in labor force	37,729	38,273	38,227	37,362	38,139	38,120	37,685	37,668	37,870
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	113,653	114,375	114,455	113,653	114,506	114,603	114,297	114,375	114,455
Civilian labor force	81,659	81,782	81,924	81,800	81,817	81,983	82,113	82,138	82,046
Participation rate	71.8	71.5	71.6	72.0	71.5	71.5	71.8	71.8	71.7
Employed	77,639	77,781	78,172	78,066	78,330	78,379	78,503	78,573	78,556
Employment-population ratio	68.3	68.0	68.3	68.7	68.4	68.4	68.7	68.7	68.6
Unemployed	4,020	4,002	3,752	3,734	3,486	3,605	3,609	3,564	3,491
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.9	4.6	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.3
Not in labor force	31,995	32,592	32,531	31,854	32,690	32,620	32,184	32,237	32,409
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,656	131,384	131,469	130,656	131,542	131,643	131,301	131,384	131,469
Civilian labor force	74,470	74,893	75,194	74,527	74,597	74,661	74,621	74,862	75,126
Participation rate	57.0	57.0	57.2	57.0	56.7	56.7	56.8	57.0	57.1
Employed	70,854	71,469	72,082	70,784	71,222	71,250	71,069	71,388	71,863
Employment-population ratio	54.2	54.4	54.8	54.2	54.1	54.1	54.1	54.3	54.7
Unemployed	3,617	3,424	3,112	3,743	3,375	3,411	3,552	3,475	3,262
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.6	4.1	5.0	4.5	4.6	4.8	4.6	4.3
Not in labor force	56,185	56,491	56,275	56,128	56,945	56,982	56,681	56,521	56,343
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,433	123,131	123,212	122,433	123,285	123,383	123,052	123,131	123,212
Civilian labor force	71,700	72,230	72,354	71,617	71,737	71,831	71,686	72,011	72,160
Participation rate	58.6	58.7	58.7	58.5	58.2	58.2	58.3	58.5	58.6
Employed	68,451	69,157	69,559	68,303	68,712	68,760	68,550	68,932	69,271
Employment-population ratio	55.9	56.2	56.5	55.8	55.7	55.7	55.7	56.0	56.2
Unemployed	3,248	3,072	2,795	3,314	3,025	3,071	3,136	3,079	2,890
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.3	3.9	4.6	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.0
Not in labor force	50,733	50,901	50,858	50,815	51,548	51,552	51,366	51,119	51,052
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,682	16,740	16,747	16,682	16,749	16,756	16,734	16,740	16,747
Civilian labor force	5,496	5,470	5,634	5,861	5,903	5,826	5,917	5,907	5,995
Participation rate	32.9	32.7	33.6	35.1	35.2	34.8	35.4	35.3	35.8
Employed	4,648	4,657	4,897	4,931	5,006	4,972	5,028	5,023	5,173
Employment-population ratio	27.9	27.8	29.2	29.6	29.9	29.7	30.0	30.0	30.9
Unemployed	848	813	737	929	897	854	890	884	822
Unemployment rate	15.4	14.9	13.1	15.9	15.2	14.7	15.0	15.0	13.7
Not in labor force	11,186	11,271	11,113	10,821	10,846	10,930	10,816	10,833	10,752
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	197,809	198,525	198,604	197,809	198,745	198,845	198,453	198,525	198,604
Civilian labor force	124,663	124,419	124,804	124,985	124,578	124,616	124,675	124,856	125,046
Participation rate	63.0	62.7	62.8	63.2	62.7	62.7	62.8	62.9	63.0
Employed	119,137	118,991	119,831	119,624	119,370	119,263	119,311	119,740	120,180
Employment-population ratio	60.2	59.9	60.3	60.5	60.1	60.0	60.1	60.3	60.5
Unemployed	5,526	5,428	4,974	5,361	5,208	5,354	5,364	5,116	4,866
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.4	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.1	3.9
Not in labor force	73,146	74,106	73,799	72,825	74,168	74,229	73,778	73,669	73,557
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,175	65,089	65,125	65,276	65,124	65,146	65,345	65,362	65,219
Participation rate	72.1	71.7	71.7	72.2	71.7	71.7	72.1	72.0	71.9
Employed	62,355	62,255	62,548	62,707	62,608	62,476	62,730	62,877	62,850
Employment-population ratio	69.0	68.6	68.9	69.4	68.9	68.7	69.2	69.3	69.2
Unemployed	2,820	2,833	2,576	2,568	2,516	2,669	2,615	2,485	2,369
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.4	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.1	4.0	3.8	3.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,192	55,179	55,297	55,125	54,808	54,872	54,798	54,988	55,153
Participation rate	58.0	57.8	57.9	58.0	57.4	57.4	57.4	57.6	57.8
Employed	53,087	53,138	53,413	52,972	52,783	52,813	52,646	52,949	53,211
Employment-population ratio	55.8	55.7	55.9	55.7	55.2	55.2	55.2	55.5	55.7
Unemployed	2,105	2,040	1,883	2,153	2,026	2,059	2,152	2,039	1,942
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,296	4,151	4,383	4,584	4,645	4,599	4,531	4,505	4,674
Participation rate	34.8	33.6	35.5	37.2	37.6	37.2	36.7	36.5	37.9
Employed	3,695	3,597	3,869	3,944	3,979	3,974	3,934	3,913	4,119
Employment-population ratio	30.0	29.2	31.3	32.0	32.2	32.2	31.9	31.7	33.4
Unemployed	601	554	514	640	666	625	597	592	555
Unemployment rate	14.0	13.4	11.7	14.0	14.3	13.6	13.2	13.1	11.9
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	31,753	32,095	32,128	31,753	32,068	32,105	32,063	32,095	32,128
Civilian labor force	19,421	19,858	19,898	19,503	19,856	19,844	19,993	19,998	20,002
Participation rate	61.2	61.9	61.9	61.4	61.9	61.8	62.4	62.3	62.3
Employed	17,670	18,215	18,296	17,764	18,262	18,292	18,445	18,378	18,409
Employment-population ratio	55.6	56.8	56.9	55.9	56.9	57.0	57.5	57.3	57.3
Unemployed	1,751	1,642	1,602	1,739	1,594	1,552	1,548	1,620	1,593
Unemployment rate	9.0	8.3	8.1	8.9	8.0	7.8	7.7	8.1	8.0
Not in labor force	12,332	12,238	12,229	12,250	12,212	12,261	12,070	12,097	12,126
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,871	9,001	9,116	8,885	9,018	9,056	9,106	9,081	9,132
Participation rate	67.1	67.2	68.0	67.2	67.5	67.7	68.1	67.8	68.1
Employed	8,063	8,232	8,313	8,119	8,328	8,366	8,437	8,369	8,384
Employment-population ratio	61.0	61.5	62.0	61.4	62.3	62.5	63.1	62.5	62.6
Unemployed	809	769	803	766	691	690	669	713	747
Unemployment rate	9.1	8.5	8.8	8.6	7.7	7.6	7.3	7.8	8.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,842	10,150	10,143	9,860	10,135	10,094	10,124	10,162	10,173
Participation rate	61.4	62.7	62.6	61.5	62.6	62.3	62.6	62.7	62.7
Employed	9,062	9,429	9,483	9,080	9,418	9,410	9,450	9,438	9,497
Employment-population ratio	56.5	58.2	58.5	56.6	58.2	58.1	58.4	58.3	58.6
Unemployed	781	721	661	780	716	683	673	724	676
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.1	6.5	7.9	7.1	6.8	6.7	7.1	6.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	708	706	639	758	703	694	764	754	697
Participation rate	28.3	28.1	25.4	30.3	27.9	27.6	30.4	30.0	27.7
Employed	546	554	500	565	516	515	558	571	528
Employment-population ratio	21.8	22.0	19.9	22.6	20.5	20.5	22.2	22.7	21.0
Unemployed	162	153	139	193	187	178	205	183	169
Unemployment rate	22.9	21.6	21.7	25.4	26.6	25.7	26.9	24.3	24.3
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	14,911	15,228	15,285	14,911	15,323	15,433	15,157	15,228	15,285
Civilian labor force	9,478	9,731	9,668	9,434	9,634	9,678	9,641	9,709	9,635
Participation rate	63.6	63.9	63.3	63.3	62.9	62.7	63.6	63.8	63.0
Employed	9,112	9,387	9,358	9,061	9,342	9,423	9,281	9,377	9,318
Employment-population ratio	61.1	61.6	61.2	60.8	61.0	61.1	61.2	61.6	61.0
Unemployed	366	344	310	373	292	256	360	332	317
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.5	3.2	4.0	3.0	2.6	3.7	3.4	3.3
Not in labor force	5,433	5,497	5,616	5,477	5,690	5,755	5,517	5,519	5,650
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	40,386	41,003	41,081	40,386	41,102	41,190	40,922	41,003	41,081
Civilian labor force	26,709	27,153	27,354	26,772	26,990	27,079	27,044	27,251	27,387
Participation rate	66.1	66.2	66.6	66.3	65.7	65.7	66.1	66.5	66.7
Employed	25,183	25,527	25,929	25,279	25,448	25,486	25,453	25,727	25,986
Employment-population ratio	62.4	62.3	63.1	62.6	61.9	61.9	62.2	62.7	63.3
Unemployed	1,526	1,626	1,425	1,493	1,541	1,594	1,590	1,523	1,402
Unemployment rate	5.7	6.0	5.2	5.6	5.7	5.9	5.9	5.6	5.1
Not in labor force	13,677	13,850	13,727	13,613	14,113	14,111	13,879	13,753	13,694
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	14,759	14,879	14,929	14,793	14,881	14,821	14,898	14,938	14,957
Participation rate	81.1	80.6	80.7	81.3	80.3	79.8	80.9	80.9	80.9
Employed	13,995	14,081	14,217	14,081	14,113	14,102	14,187	14,253	14,291
Employment-population ratio	76.9	76.3	76.9	77.3	76.2	75.9	77.0	77.2	77.3
Unemployed	764	798	712	712	768	720	711	685	666
Unemployment rate	5.2	5.4	4.8	4.8	5.2	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,836	11,135	11,165	10,808	10,971	11,083	11,028	11,119	11,127
Participation rate	58.8	59.5	59.5	58.7	58.5	58.9	59.0	59.4	59.3
Employed	10,226	10,501	10,631	10,210	10,411	10,424	10,336	10,494	10,600
Employment-population ratio	55.5	56.1	56.7	55.4	55.5	55.4	55.3	56.0	56.5
Unemployed	610	635	534	598	560	659	692	625	527
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.7	4.8	5.5	5.1	5.9	6.3	5.6	4.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,115	1,139	1,260	1,171	1,138	1,175	1,117	1,193	1,304
Participation rate	29.7	29.9	33.0	31.2	29.9	30.8	29.3	31.3	34.1
Employed	962	946	1,081	988	924	960	930	980	1,095
Employment-population ratio	25.6	24.8	28.3	26.3	24.3	25.2	24.4	25.7	28.6
Unemployed	153	193	179	183	214	215	187	214	209
Unemployment rate	13.7	17.0	14.2	15.6	18.8	18.3	16.7	17.9	16.0
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,817	9,926	10,143	10,773	10,587	10,483	10,533	10,229	10,139
Participation rate	46.4	44.7	45.1	46.2	45.1	45.0	45.3	46.1	45.1
Employed	9,926	9,030	9,375	9,977	9,753	9,660	9,725	9,424	9,450
Employment-population ratio	42.6	40.7	41.7	42.8	41.5	41.4	41.8	42.5	42.1
Unemployed	891	896	768	797	834	823	808	806	689
Unemployment rate	8.2	9.0	7.6	7.4	7.9	7.9	7.7	7.9	6.8
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,654	35,768	36,227	35,655	35,833	35,661	35,443	35,853	36,092
Participation rate	57.5	57.8	58.0	57.5	57.7	57.7	57.9	57.9	57.8
Employed	33,599	33,825	34,324	33,738	34,068	33,860	33,580	34,078	34,315
Employment-population ratio	54.2	54.6	54.9	54.4	54.9	54.8	54.9	55.0	54.9
Unemployed	2,055	1,943	1,903	1,918	1,765	1,801	1,863	1,776	1,778
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.4	5.3	5.4	4.9	5.1	5.3	5.0	4.9
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,929	37,837	37,881	37,891	38,189	38,244	38,007	37,754	37,851
Participation rate	66.3	66.0	66.2	66.2	66.4	66.1	65.7	65.8	66.1
Employed	36,309	36,193	36,442	36,323	36,702	36,773	36,563	36,245	36,454
Employment-population ratio	63.4	63.1	63.6	63.5	63.8	63.6	63.2	63.2	63.7
Unemployed	1,620	1,644	1,439	1,568	1,486	1,472	1,444	1,509	1,397
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.3	3.8	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.7
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	53,715	55,254	54,905	53,489	53,899	54,032	54,271	54,804	54,653
Participation rate	74.9	74.1	74.2	74.6	73.7	73.6	73.8	73.5	73.9
Employed	52,323	53,943	53,573	52,078	52,656	52,699	52,925	53,498	53,308
Employment-population ratio	73.0	72.3	72.4	72.6	72.0	71.7	72.0	71.8	72.0
Unemployed	1,391	1,311	1,332	1,411	1,243	1,333	1,346	1,306	1,345
Unemployment rate	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	20,982	20,635	18,973	18,609	2,009	2,026
Civilian labor force	10,570	10,270	9,305	9,067	1,265	1,203
Participation rate	50.4	49.8	49.0	48.7	62.9	59.4
Employed	10,095	9,865	8,887	8,728	1,208	1,137
Employment-population ratio	48.1	47.8	46.8	46.9	60.1	56.1
Unemployed	475	405	419	339	57	66
Unemployment rate	4.5	3.9	4.5	3.7	4.5	5.5
Not in labor force	10,412	10,365	9,668	9,542	744	823
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,783	4,008	3,141	3,357	642	651
Civilian labor force	3,039	3,183	2,556	2,746	483	437
Participation rate	80.3	79.4	81.4	81.8	75.2	67.1
Employed	2,848	3,022	2,392	2,620	456	402
Employment-population ratio	75.3	75.4	76.2	78.1	71.1	61.8
Unemployed	191	160	165	126	26	35
Unemployment rate	6.3	5.0	6.4	4.6	5.4	7.9
Not in labor force	744	825	584	611	160	214
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,404	3,393	2,858	2,822	546	571
Civilian labor force	2,778	2,723	2,363	2,285	415	438
Participation rate	81.6	80.3	82.7	81.0	76.0	76.7
Employed	2,688	2,623	2,288	2,202	400	421
Employment-population ratio	79.0	77.3	80.0	78.0	73.3	73.7
Unemployed	90	101	75	83	15	17
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.7	3.2	3.6	3.5	4.0
Not in labor force	626	670	495	537	131	133
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	8,606	8,162	8,298	7,867	308	295
Civilian labor force	2,161	1,887	2,100	1,841	61	46
Participation rate	25.1	23.1	25.3	23.4	19.7	15.8
Employed	2,076	1,812	2,015	1,766	61	45
Employment-population ratio	24.1	22.2	24.3	22.5	19.7	15.4
Unemployed	85	75	85	74	0	1
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.0	-	-
Not in labor force	6,445	6,275	6,198	6,026	247	249
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,189	5,072	4,676	4,563	513	509
Civilian labor force	2,592	2,477	2,286	2,195	306	282
Participation rate	50.0	48.8	48.9	48.1	59.7	55.3
Employed	2,483	2,408	2,192	2,140	290	268
Employment-population ratio	47.8	47.5	46.9	46.9	56.6	52.7
Unemployed	110	69	94	56	16	13
Unemployment rate	4.2	2.8	4.1	2.5	5.2	4.7
Not in labor force	2,597	2,595	2,390	2,368	207	227
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	222,857	224,847	98,685	99,825	124,172	125,021
Civilian labor force	146,417	147,565	74,219	74,648	72,198	72,918
Participation rate	65.7	65.6	75.2	74.8	58.1	58.3
Employed	139,128	141,040	70,344	71,003	68,785	70,037
Employment-population ratio	62.4	62.7	71.3	71.1	55.4	56.0
Unemployed	7,289	6,525	3,875	3,644	3,414	2,881
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.4	5.2	4.9	4.7	4.0
Not in labor force	76,440	77,282	24,466	25,178	51,974	52,104
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	29,661	30,611	223,107	223,803
Civilian labor force	5,907	6,252	152,948	153,661
Participation rate	19.9	20.4	68.6	68.7
Employed	5,269	5,589	145,469	147,039
Employment-population ratio	17.8	18.3	65.2	65.7
Unemployed	638	663	7,479	6,621
Unemployment rate	10.8	10.6	4.9	4.3
Not in labor force	23,754	24,359	70,160	70,143
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,561	2,730	76,673	76,681
Participation rate	33.7	34.8	82.2	82.3
Employed	2,233	2,430	72,689	73,011
Employment-population ratio	29.4	30.9	77.9	78.4
Unemployed	328	300	3,984	3,670
Unemployment rate	12.8	11.0	5.2	4.8
Not in labor force	5,039	5,124	16,593	16,474
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,295	2,388	68,062	68,549
Participation rate	28.4	29.8	70.7	71.2
Employed	2,049	2,102	64,842	65,919
Employment-population ratio	25.4	26.3	67.3	68.4
Unemployed	245	286	3,220	2,630
Unemployment rate	10.7	12.0	4.7	3.8
Not in labor force	5,773	5,617	28,248	27,789
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,051	1,134	8,212	8,431
Participation rate	7.5	7.7	24.5	24.6
Employed	987	1,057	7,938	8,109
Employment-population ratio	7.0	7.2	23.7	23.6
Unemployed	65	77	275	321
Unemployment rate	6.2	6.8	3.3	3.8
Not in labor force	12,943	13,618	25,318	25,880
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	41,148	41,204	20,028	20,024	21,119	21,180
Civilian labor force	27,029	27,062	15,596	15,527	11,432	11,535
Participation rate	65.7	65.7	77.9	77.5	54.1	54.5
Employed	25,741	25,857	14,938	14,859	10,803	10,998
Employment-population ratio	62.6	62.8	74.6	74.2	51.2	51.9
Unemployed	1,288	1,205	658	668	630	537
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.5	4.2	4.3	5.5	4.7
Not in labor force	14,119	14,142	4,432	4,497	9,687	9,645
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	211,620	213,210	102,084	102,921	109,536	110,289
Civilian labor force	131,825	132,850	68,787	69,191	63,038	63,659
Participation rate	62.3	62.3	67.4	67.2	57.5	57.7
Employed	124,997	126,771	64,946	65,686	60,051	61,084
Employment-population ratio	59.1	59.5	63.6	63.8	54.8	55.4
Unemployed	6,828	6,079	3,841	3,504	2,987	2,575
Unemployment rate	5.2	4.6	5.6	5.1	4.7	4.0
Not in labor force	79,795	80,360	33,297	33,730	46,498	46,629
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,491	2,262	2,441	2,582	2,431	2,356	2,418	2,458	2,499
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,535	1,424	1,552	1,645	1,559	1,470	1,633	1,603	1,647
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	933	820	857	935	833	857	795	841	853
Unpaid family workers	23	18	31	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	148,247	149,332	150,187	148,543	149,752	149,811	149,582	150,026	150,429
Wage and salary workers(1)	139,398	140,572	141,495	139,630	140,968	140,773	140,952	141,101	141,663
Government	20,911	21,295	21,247	20,520	20,938	20,865	20,796	20,843	20,858
Private industries	118,487	119,277	120,248	119,218	120,016	119,916	120,189	120,258	120,904
Private households	629	689	698	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	117,858	118,588	119,550	118,574	119,290	119,206	119,467	119,535	120,148
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,791	8,709	8,640	8,848	8,716	8,991	8,552	8,826	8,707
Unpaid family workers	58	52	53	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	6,138	5,773	5,552	6,120	5,659	5,598	5,840	5,704	5,553
Slack work or business conditions	3,656	3,704	3,407	3,650	3,485	3,401	3,583	3,574	3,402
Could only find part-time work	2,199	1,820	1,920	2,118	1,902	1,873	1,944	1,864	1,852
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,824	21,498	21,042	20,430	21,059	21,251	20,487	20,773	20,723
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	6,032	5,700	5,498	6,023	5,550	5,476	5,769	5,637	5,502
Slack work or business conditions	3,588	3,659	3,383	3,607	3,424	3,310	3,535	3,540	3,386
Could only find part-time work	2,182	1,811	1,901	2,116	1,870	1,862	1,947	1,853	1,842
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,463	21,184	20,667	20,067	20,696	20,818	20,136	20,445	20,396
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	150,738	151,594	152,628	151,301	152,048	152,111	152,081	152,528	153,000
16 to 19 years	4,648	4,657	4,897	4,931	5,006	4,972	5,028	5,023	5,173
16 to 17 years	1,515	1,576	1,723	1,692	1,682	1,723	1,813	1,779	1,904
18 to 19 years	3,133	3,080	3,174	3,238	3,318	3,253	3,219	3,252	3,269
20 years and over	146,090	146,938	147,731	146,369	147,042	147,139	147,054	147,505	147,826
20 to 24 years	13,932	13,947	14,017	14,140	14,000	14,071	14,070	14,181	14,198
25 years and over	132,158	132,991	133,714	132,153	133,166	133,065	132,956	133,252	133,639
25 to 54 years	97,866	98,070	98,507	97,953	98,453	98,495	98,190	98,371	98,557
25 to 34 years	33,421	34,216	34,376	33,537	33,952	34,185	34,136	34,247	34,460
35 to 44 years	31,560	31,448	31,584	31,557	31,741	31,611	31,553	31,614	31,592
45 to 54 years	32,884	32,406	32,547	32,860	32,760	32,698	32,502	32,511	32,506
55 years and over	34,292	34,920	35,207	34,200	34,713	34,570	34,765	34,880	35,081
Men, 16 years and over	79,884	80,126	80,546	80,517	80,826	80,861	81,013	81,141	81,136
16 to 19 years	2,245	2,345	2,374	2,451	2,495	2,482	2,509	2,567	2,581
16 to 17 years	654	770	815	777	769	786	871	895	947
18 to 19 years	1,592	1,576	1,559	1,666	1,728	1,699	1,641	1,677	1,636
20 years and over	77,639	77,781	78,172	78,066	78,330	78,379	78,503	78,573	78,556
20 to 24 years	7,145	7,045	7,123	7,267	7,206	7,246	7,302	7,223	7,241
25 years and over	70,494	70,736	71,049	70,781	71,186	71,114	71,202	71,299	71,315
25 to 54 years	52,343	52,241	52,407	52,584	52,700	52,737	52,705	52,687	52,640
25 to 34 years	18,102	18,262	18,346	18,219	18,228	18,374	18,472	18,408	18,445
35 to 44 years	16,937	16,906	17,005	17,020	17,137	17,054	17,048	17,072	17,086
45 to 54 years	17,303	17,073	17,056	17,345	17,334	17,309	17,185	17,206	17,108
55 years and over	18,151	18,495	18,642	18,197	18,486	18,377	18,497	18,612	18,675
Women, 16 years and over	70,854	71,469	72,082	70,784	71,222	71,250	71,069	71,388	71,863
16 to 19 years	2,402	2,311	2,523	2,481	2,510	2,490	2,518	2,456	2,593
16 to 17 years	861	807	909	915	914	938	942	884	956
18 to 19 years	1,541	1,505	1,615	1,572	1,590	1,554	1,578	1,574	1,633
20 years and over	68,451	69,157	69,559	68,303	68,712	68,760	68,550	68,932	69,271
20 to 24 years	6,787	6,903	6,894	6,872	6,794	6,825	6,767	6,957	6,958
25 years and over	61,664	62,255	62,665	61,372	61,981	61,951	61,754	61,953	62,324
25 to 54 years	45,523	45,829	46,100	45,369	45,753	45,758	45,485	45,685	45,918
25 to 34 years	15,319	15,954	16,031	15,318	15,724	15,812	15,664	15,838	16,014
35 to 44 years	14,623	14,542	14,578	14,537	14,603	14,557	14,505	14,541	14,505
45 to 54 years	15,582	15,333	15,491	15,514	15,426	15,389	15,317	15,305	15,398
55 years and over	16,141	16,426	16,565	16,003	16,227	16,193	16,269	16,268	16,406
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,153	45,729	45,858	45,279	45,268	45,252	45,593	46,017	45,907
Married women, spouse present(1)	35,626	35,891	36,288	35,397	35,342	35,478	35,402	35,640	35,992
Women who maintain families(2)	9,744	9,685	9,618	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	122,522	123,610	124,566	123,513	124,213	124,248	124,705	125,031	125,507
Part-time workers(4)	28,216	27,985	28,062	27,760	27,854	27,895	27,405	27,554	27,603
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,592	7,980	8,137	7,457	7,812	7,554	7,562	7,822	7,960
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.3	5.3	4.9	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.2
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,567	5,681	5,740	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,724	9,529	9,497	9,784	9,549	9,848	9,347	9,667	9,560
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	7,977	7,528	7,202	5.0	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5
16 to 19 years	929	884	822	15.9	15.2	14.7	15.0	15.0	13.7
16 to 17 years	409	390	400	19.5	18.1	17.6	16.0	18.0	17.4
18 to 19 years	530	509	412	14.1	14.2	13.1	14.5	13.5	11.2
20 years and over	7,047	6,643	6,380	4.6	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.1
20 to 24 years	1,300	1,232	1,122	8.4	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.0	7.3
25 years and over	5,730	5,398	5,256	4.2	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.8
25 to 54 years	4,328	4,159	4,020	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.9
25 to 34 years	1,828	1,726	1,642	5.2	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.5
35 to 44 years	1,264	1,353	1,289	3.9	3.5	4.0	3.9	4.1	3.9
45 to 54 years	1,236	1,080	1,089	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.2
55 years and over	1,392	1,235	1,224	3.9	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.4
Men, 16 years and over	4,234	4,053	3,940	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.6
16 to 19 years	500	489	449	17.0	18.0	17.1	15.9	16.0	14.8
16 to 17 years	230	192	203	22.8	23.3	21.1	17.2	17.7	17.7
18 to 19 years	282	303	240	14.5	16.1	14.8	15.1	15.3	12.8
20 years and over	3,734	3,564	3,491	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.3
20 to 24 years	732	751	676	9.1	9.1	9.2	9.3	9.4	8.5
25 years and over	2,988	2,802	2,805	4.1	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.8
25 to 54 years	2,243	2,157	2,151	4.1	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9
25 to 34 years	961	960	931	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.9	5.0	4.8
35 to 44 years	631	669	666	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.8
45 to 54 years	651	528	554	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.1
55 years and over	745	645	654	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.3	3.4	3.4
Women, 16 years and over	3,743	3,475	3,262	5.0	4.5	4.6	4.8	4.6	4.3
16 to 19 years	429	396	372	14.7	12.2	12.0	14.2	13.9	12.6
16 to 17 years	179	198	196	16.3	13.1	14.4	14.8	18.3	17.0
18 to 19 years	248	206	172	13.6	12.1	11.1	13.8	11.6	9.6
20 years and over	3,314	3,079	2,890	4.6	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.0
20 to 24 years	569	481	446	7.6	7.0	7.0	7.1	6.5	6.0
25 years and over	2,742	2,595	2,451	4.3	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.8
25 to 54 years	2,085	2,002	1,869	4.4	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2	3.9
25 to 34 years	867	766	711	5.4	4.8	4.7	5.0	4.6	4.2
35 to 44 years	632	684	623	4.2	3.6	4.1	4.1	4.5	4.1
45 to 54 years	585	552	536	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4
55 years and over	635	588	567	3.8	3.4	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.3
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,347	1,234	1,228	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.6
Married women, spouse present(1)	1,136	1,122	1,043	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.1	2.8
Women who maintain families(2)	713	671	557	6.8	6.2	5.8	6.3	6.5	5.5
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	6,597	6,035	5,760	5.1	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.4
Part-time workers(4)	1,388	1,471	1,414	4.8	4.5	4.9	4.8	5.1	4.9
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	4,149	4,184	3,812	3,851	3,542	3,639	3,713	3,709	3,519
On temporary layoff	1,106	1,307	1,125	928	896	1,033	1,062	979	953
Not on temporary layoff	3,044	2,877	2,686	2,923	2,646	2,606	2,651	2,730	2,567
Permanent job losers	2,153	2,118	1,880	2,082	1,903	1,902	1,981	2,042	1,819
Persons who completed temporary jobs	891	759	806	842	743	704	670	688	748
Job leavers	829	803	778	839	934	905	862	802	798
Reentrants	2,450	2,220	2,004	2,483	2,266	2,219	2,170	2,197	2,066
New entrants	688	681	691	783	728	783	813	773	790
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	51.1	53.0	52.3	48.4	47.4	48.2	49.1	49.6	49.1
On temporary layoff	13.6	16.6	15.5	11.7	12.0	13.7	14.0	13.1	13.3
Not on temporary layoff	37.5	36.5	36.9	36.7	35.4	34.5	35.1	36.5	35.8
Job leavers	10.2	10.2	10.7	10.5	12.5	12.0	11.4	10.7	11.1
Reentrants	30.2	28.1	27.5	31.2	30.3	29.4	28.7	29.4	28.8
New entrants	8.5	8.6	9.5	9.8	9.7	10.4	10.8	10.3	11.0
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3
New entrants	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,083	2,327	2,000	2,420	2,415	2,379	2,468	2,566	2,334
5 to 14 weeks	2,382	2,522	2,269	2,210	2,133	2,156	2,089	2,138	2,109
15 weeks and over	3,651	3,038	3,016	3,380	2,929	3,030	3,043	2,858	2,802
15 to 26 weeks	1,346	1,160	1,255	1,167	1,073	1,199	1,192	1,057	1,115
27 weeks and over	2,305	1,878	1,761	2,213	1,856	1,831	1,850	1,801	1,687
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	29.1	25.1	26.1	28.3	26.2	26.0	25.1	25.1	25.3
Median duration, in weeks	12.7	10.3	11.6	11.4	10.2	10.3	10.2	10.0	10.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	25.7	29.5	27.5	30.2	32.3	31.4	32.5	33.9	32.2
5 to 14 weeks	29.3	32.0	31.1	27.6	28.5	28.5	27.5	28.3	29.1
15 weeks and over	45.0	38.5	41.4	42.2	39.2	40.0	40.0	37.8	38.7
15 to 26 weeks	16.6	14.7	17.2	14.6	14.4	15.8	15.7	14.0	15.4
27 weeks and over	28.4	23.8	24.2	27.6	24.8	24.2	24.4	23.8	23.3
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017
Total, 16 years and over(1)	150,738	152,628	8,116	7,284	5.1	4.6
Management, professional, and related occupations	60,080	61,156	1,477	1,265	2.4	2.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	25,220	25,418	642	622	2.5	2.4
Professional and related occupations	34,860	35,738	835	644	2.3	1.8
Service occupations	25,643	26,358	1,797	1,597	6.5	5.7
Sales and office occupations	33,445	33,385	1,710	1,444	4.9	4.1
Sales and related occupations	15,963	15,858	726	640	4.4	3.9
Office and administrative support occupations	17,482	17,527	983	803	5.3	4.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,482	13,877	1,237	1,156	8.4	7.7
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,043	1,186	153	131	12.8	9.9
Construction and extraction occupations	7,564	7,548	807	831	9.6	9.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,875	5,142	277	194	5.4	3.6
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,088	17,852	1,169	1,099	6.1	5.8
Production occupations	8,864	8,378	558	472	5.9	5.3
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,224	9,474	611	627	6.2	6.2
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017
Total, 16 years and over(1)	8,116	7,284	5.1	4.6
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	6,187	5,733	5.0	4.6
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	87	30	9.8	4.1
Construction	768	764	8.7	8.4
Manufacturing	669	614	4.3	3.9
Durable goods	398	420	4.0	4.2
Nondurable goods	271	194	4.6	3.4
Wholesale and retail trade	1,031	985	5.1	4.8
Transportation and utilities	262	284	3.9	4.3
Information	124	108	4.4	4.0
Financial activities	294	235	3.0	2.3
Professional and business services	910	904	5.5	5.5
Education and health services	788	666	3.4	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	981	883	7.2	6.3
Other services	273	260	4.3	3.9
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	176	126	10.7	7.7
Government workers	656	393	3.0	1.8
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	409	341	4.0	3.4
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Nov. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.3	1.9	1.9	2.1	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.7
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	5.1	4.9	4.6	5.0	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	5.5	5.3	4.8	5.4	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.0	4.8
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	6.1	6.0	5.5	6.0	5.8	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.4
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	9.9	9.5	8.9	9.8	9.3	9.2	9.4	9.2	8.9
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017	Mar. 2016	Mar. 2017
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	93,914	94,502	37,729	38,227	56,185	56,275
Persons who currently want a job	5,446	5,507	2,451	2,613	2,995	2,894
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,720	1,595	903	804	816	791
Discouraged workers(2)	585	460	361	246	224	214
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,135	1,135	542	558	592	578
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,592	8,137	3,730	4,093	3,862	4,044
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.3	4.7	5.1	5.5	5.6
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,254	4,566	2,337	2,467	1,917	2,099
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,051	2,144	715	800	1,336	1,344
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	281	297	187	172	93	124
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	976	1,079	473	635	503	444
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)	Change from: Feb.2017 - Mar.2017(p)
Total nonfarm	142,814	143,273	144,279	144,949	143,673	145,541	145,760	145,858	98
Total private	120,262	121,104	121,665	122,258	121,507	123,230	123,451	123,540	89
Goods-producing	19,371	19,340	19,453	19,599	19,752	19,845	19,941	19,969	28
Mining and logging	681	662	672	684	692	673	684	695	11
Logging	50.4	48.7	50.3	49.0	52.3	50.4	51.6	50.8	-0.8
Mining	630.1	613.2	622.0	634.5	639.8	622.7	632.7	644.0	11.3
Oil and gas extraction	181.8	176.0	176.9	179.8	183.1	177.1	178.9	180.7	1.8
Mining, except oil and gas	178.5	177.2	177.2	179.4	183.5	183.5	183.5	184.2	0.7
Coal mining	52.1	50.2	50.0	50.2	52.1	50.0	50.2	50.3	0.1
Metal ore mining	38.8	38.9	39.0	39.1	39.1	39.0	39.1	39.3	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	87.6	88.1	88.2	90.1	92.4	94.5	94.1	94.5	0.4
Support activities for mining	269.8	260.0	267.9	275.3	273.2	262.1	270.3	279.1	8.8
Construction	6,402	6,415	6,479	6,586	6,705	6,817	6,876	6,882	6
Construction of buildings	1,440.4	1,460.2	1,467.2	1,478.9	1,488.1	1,514.9	1,524.0	1,524.9	0.9
Residential building	696.3	730.6	736.1	738.9	724.3	762.0	768.5	767.5	-1.0
Nonresidential building	744.1	729.6	731.1	740.0	763.8	752.9	755.5	757.4	1.9
Heavy and civil engineering construction	879.5	825.9	855.2	886.6	958.8	941.2	958.3	962.4	4.1
Specialty trade contractors	4,081.6	4,128.9	4,156.5	4,220.6	4,258.5	4,360.9	4,393.5	4,394.2	0.7
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,771.1	1,814.4	1,824.0	1,847.9	1,855.7	1,920.1	1,931.7	1,925.1	-6.6
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,310.5	2,314.5	2,332.5	2,372.7	2,402.8	2,440.8	2,461.8	2,469.1	7.3
Manufacturing	12,288	12,263	12,302	12,329	12,355	12,355	12,381	12,392	11
Durable goods	7,710	7,677	7,688	7,714	7,736	7,718	7,726	7,737	11
Wood products	385.6	393.2	391.8	393.9	391.1	397.1	398.2	399.1	0.9
Nonmetallic mineral products	397.1	398.9	401.5	408.0	407.2	414.4	417.0	418.3	1.3
Primary metals	379.8	377.7	378.3	379.3	379.8	376.8	378.1	379.0	0.9
Fabricated metal products	1,425.4	1,417.8	1,422.1	1,427.1	1,429.5	1,423.1	1,425.8	1,431.3	5.5
Machinery	1,086.8	1,075.1	1,082.0	1,080.8	1,088.1	1,076.3	1,082.6	1,080.0	-2.6
Computer and electronic products	1,050.3	1,032.7	1,032.3	1,034.5	1,052.8	1,036.1	1,035.9	1,036.6	0.7
Computer and peripheral equipment	164.3	160.5	160.2	160.5	165.0	161.9	161.5	161.2	-0.3
Communications equipment	86.1	84.1	84.0	84.5	86.3	84.4	84.5	84.6	0.1
Semiconductors and electronic components	368.6	358.2	358.2	359.7	369.7	358.8	359.3	360.6	1.3
Electronic instruments	395.9	395.7	396.1	396.2	396.3	396.6	396.7	396.4	-0.3
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	35.4	34.2	33.8	33.6	35.5	34.3	33.9	33.8	-0.1
Electrical equipment and appliances	383.3	383.2	383.9	385.4	384.5	384.6	385.6	386.5	0.9
Transportation equipment(1)	1,625.9	1,618.8	1,614.2	1,622.5	1,623.2	1,624.6	1,617.0	1,620.0	3.0
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	938.6	943.5	940.2	948.2	935.1	946.7	941.4	944.4	3.0
Furniture and related products	388.7	392.6	391.9	390.4	389.8	393.7	392.8	391.3	-1.5
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	586.8	587.1	589.8	592.2	590.3	591.7	593.3	595.3	2.0
Nondurable goods	4,578	4,586	4,614	4,615	4,619	4,637	4,655	4,655	0
Food manufacturing	1,517.6	1,549.6	1,564.7	1,559.3	1,541.9	1,572.1	1,583.1	1,581.8	-1.3
Textile mills	115.0	111.7	111.5	111.5	114.9	111.9	111.7	111.4	-0.3
Textile product mills	115.4	111.7	111.2	110.8	116.4	112.9	112.5	111.7	-0.8
Apparel	132.6	125.5	126.7	125.0	132.5	127.1	126.5	125.5	-1.0
Paper and paper products	370.6	367.9	368.7	368.4	372.7	368.6	369.8	370.1	0.3
Printing and related support activities	448.5	438.9	437.7	439.0	449.5	441.2	440.8	439.9	-0.9
Petroleum and coal products	109.0	107.0	106.2	107.3	111.8	110.3	109.9	110.4	0.5
Chemicals	809.9	808.0	811.8	815.1	810.7	811.5	814.2	815.4	1.2
Plastics and rubber products	698.4	693.2	698.9	701.1	699.5	699.1	701.1	702.1	1.0
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	260.9	272.9	276.1	277.7	269.5	282.0	285.2	287.0	1.8
Private service-providing	100,891	101,764	102,212	102,659	101,755	103,385	103,510	103,571	61
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26,855	27,241	26,998	27,025	27,167	27,402	27,386	27,359	-27
Wholesale trade	5,828.4	5,847.8	5,862.4	5,874.3	5,855.9	5,894.8	5,902.7	5,902.3	-0.4
Durable goods	2,918.4	2,916.0	2,922.5	2,930.9	2,928.4	2,934.6	2,938.5	2,940.4	1.9
Nondurable goods	2,017.3	2,033.1	2,037.2	2,045.4	2,031.8	2,056.4	2,057.8	2,061.0	3.2
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	892.7	898.7	902.7	898.0	895.7	903.8	906.4	900.9	-5.5
Retail trade	15,570.5	15,835.0	15,607.2	15,618.1	15,797.2	15,916.3	15,885.4	15,855.7	-29.7
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,962.4	1,984.4	1,989.6	1,999.5	1,973.3	2,006.6	2,010.4	2,010.1	-0.3
Automobile dealers	1,269.8	1,290.9	1,292.4	1,297.1	1,274.4	1,298.1	1,300.6	1,301.6	1.0
Other motor vehicle dealers	145.9	142.2	146.5	150.6	149.8	153.1	154.8	154.2	-0.6
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	546.7	551.3	550.7	551.8	549.2	555.3	554.9	554.3	-0.6
Furniture and home furnishings stores	464.7	489.7	484.1	480.0	472.1	484.7	485.3	486.1	0.8
Electronics and appliance stores	520.7	528.9	508.8	509.2	527.5	518.0	512.6	516.5	3.9
Building material and garden supply stores	1,265.8	1,218.5	1,233.8	1,288.4	1,269.2	1,285.4	1,285.9	1,291.2	5.3
Food and beverage stores	3,049.2	3,077.3	3,064.5	3,063.4	3,082.8	3,098.7	3,098.1	3,099.9	1.8
Health and personal care stores	1,038.5	1,069.3	1,059.1	1,053.3	1,045.0	1,065.5	1,063.6	1,059.5	-4.1
Gasoline stations	909.5	922.0	923.8	926.8	921.4	935.7	937.8	938.7	0.9
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,304.5	1,368.4	1,305.3	1,301.8	1,358.2	1,362.5	1,357.6	1,351.8	-5.8
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	610.1	622.0	591.0	581.3	625.7	611.3	602.7	600.8	-1.9
General merchandise stores	3,119.2	3,194.8	3,081.9	3,057.1	3,159.8	3,167.4	3,144.0	3,109.3	-34.7
Department stores	1,280.8	1,316.0	1,254.7	1,239.9	1,311.3	1,291.7	1,285.0	1,272.4	-12.6
Other general merchandise stores	1,838.4	1,878.8	1,827.2	1,817.2	1,848.5	1,875.7	1,859.0	1,836.9	-22.1
Miscellaneous store retailers	804.1	808.6	817.0	811.1	829.9	830.3	833.9	836.1	2.2
Nonstore retailers	521.8	551.1	548.3	546.2	532.3	550.2	553.5	555.7	2.2
Transportation and warehousing	4,901.5	5,004.1	4,976.8	4,980.4	4,958.0	5,035.1	5,043.2	5,046.7	3.5
Air transportation	469.6	477.2	476.7	481.8	471.8	481.0	481.8	483.8	2.0
Rail transportation	215.8	208.4	209.0	209.0	216.6	210.2	210.1	209.9	-0.2
Water transportation	63.9	62.7	61.9	62.4	65.5	64.8	64.3	64.3	0.0
Truck transportation	1,424.0	1,435.0	1,441.9	1,449.1	1,452.1	1,462.7	1,472.1	1,476.8	4.7
Transit and ground passenger transportation	497.4	480.7	483.1	483.4	483.4	470.7	471.8	469.5	-2.3
Pipeline transportation	49.7	48.1	47.9	47.9	49.9	48.2	48.1	48.0	-0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	26.3	25.1	25.2	27.1	33.7	35.2	34.8	35.0	0.2
Support activities for transportation	657.1	654.8	656.9	657.8	660.5	661.0	661.4	662.0	0.6
Couriers and messengers	608.4	671.6	636.3	626.5	626.5	653.9	653.4	652.2	-1.2
Warehousing and storage	889.3	940.5	937.9	935.4	898.0	947.4	945.4	945.2	-0.2
Utilities	554.2	554.0	551.8	552.5	555.6	555.9	555.1	554.4	-0.7
Information	2,776	2,720	2,747	2,739	2,779	2,754	2,750	2,747	-3
Publishing industries, except Internet	726.3	726.7	726.8	726.8	729.5	730.0	729.4	729.6	0.2
Motion picture and sound recording industries	422.3	387.1	414.3	406.1	419.3	413.7	410.7	408.7	-2.0
Broadcasting, except Internet	272.1	265.1	264.5	266.4	272.0	266.3	265.5	266.0	0.5
Telecommunications	803.3	775.7	776.0	772.1	803.8	776.3	776.3	772.9	-3.4
Data processing, hosting and related services	297.1	299.6	298.9	298.8	298.2	300.8	300.3	300.3	0.0
Other information services	255.0	265.6	266.4	268.3	256.4	266.9	268.1	269.5	1.4
Financial activities	8,181	8,339	8,339	8,360	8,231	8,394	8,400	8,409	9
Finance and insurance	6,095.8	6,202.0	6,200.1	6,209.5	6,110.7	6,212.7	6,215.3	6,223.1	7.8
Monetary authorities - central bank	18.4	18.8	18.9	18.8	18.6	18.8	18.8	18.9	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,592.7	2,644.6	2,639.4	2,647.5	2,599.4	2,647.4	2,647.2	2,653.3	6.1
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,693.2	1,713.2	1,710.9	1,713.9	1,696.1	1,714.7	1,714.4	1,716.0	1.6
Commercial banking	1,307.0	1,315.5	1,314.1	1,315.2	1,308.6	1,314.4	1,314.9	1,316.1	1.2
Nondepository credit intermediation	605.5	625.2	621.6	623.1	607.3	623.7	623.5	624.7	1.2
Activities related to credit intermediation	294.0	306.2	306.9	310.5	296.0	309.0	309.4	312.6	3.2
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	919.1	931.5	931.4	931.5	923.8	934.9	935.0	935.8	0.8
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,565.6	2,607.1	2,610.4	2,611.7	2,568.9	2,611.6	2,614.3	2,615.1	0.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,085.0	2,137.1	2,138.7	2,150.6	2,120.5	2,180.9	2,185.1	2,186.0	0.9
Real estate	1,523.7	1,571.0	1,574.8	1,578.0	1,543.4	1,595.5	1,601.2	1,597.8	-3.4
Rental and leasing services	538.0	543.2	540.9	549.6	553.6	562.2	560.7	564.9	4.2
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.3	22.9	23.0	23.0	23.5	23.2	23.2	23.3	0.1
Professional and business services	19,704	20,098	20,216	20,336	19,928	20,475	20,511	20,567	56
Professional and technical services	8,815.2	9,037.9	9,118.8	9,122.7	8,766.4	9,039.8	9,060.1	9,082.3	22.2
Legal services	1,115.6	1,118.8	1,117.9	1,117.2	1,119.6	1,125.8	1,123.3	1,121.8	-1.5
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,083.2	1,071.1	1,118.9	1,105.4	968.5	994.9	993.6	994.8	1.2
Architectural and engineering services	1,383.3	1,414.8	1,417.7	1,428.8	1,402.0	1,435.2	1,440.4	1,447.7	7.3
Specialized design services	134.5	141.0	141.0	141.1	136.3	142.9	142.8	143.2	0.4
Computer systems design and related services	1,943.3	2,034.7	2,043.0	2,031.0	1,960.3	2,040.8	2,046.3	2,050.8	4.5
Management and technical consulting services	1,329.5	1,387.5	1,402.6	1,413.1	1,341.2	1,408.8	1,417.9	1,426.2	8.3
Scientific research and development services	670.3	693.7	695.0	698.2	673.2	699.2	699.5	701.5	2.0
Advertising and related services	483.0	483.7	487.0	486.4	486.0	488.7	489.3	489.8	0.5
Other professional and technical services	672.5	692.6	695.7	701.5	679.2	703.5	706.9	706.5	-0.4
Management of companies and enterprises	2,221.4	2,256.7	2,258.2	2,261.4	2,229.5	2,264.1	2,268.3	2,268.9	0.6
Administrative and waste services	8,666.9	8,803.7	8,838.9	8,951.6	8,931.7	9,171.3	9,182.8	9,216.2	33.4
Administrative and support services	8,273.5	8,397.3	8,431.9	8,543.6	8,530.4	8,757.7	8,767.9	8,800.6	32.7
Office administrative services	485.7	506.6	511.6	514.4	487.8	509.5	512.6	515.7	3.1
Facilities support services	144.0	139.1	138.8	140.3	143.3	140.2	139.7	139.8	0.1
Employment services(1)	3,419.3	3,481.1	3,497.4	3,537.4	3,533.0	3,635.5	3,643.8	3,651.1	7.3
Temporary help services	2,787.5	2,843.0	2,856.5	2,896.6	2,885.9	2,976.7	2,985.6	2,996.1	10.5
Business support services	899.0	918.8	917.3	913.3	901.5	919.3	916.5	917.4	0.9
Travel arrangement and reservation services	214.6	211.7	214.2	215.2	216.0	216.7	217.2	216.5	-0.7
Investigation and security services	883.7	898.8	899.2	908.1	890.8	909.6	910.7	915.0	4.3
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,919.4	1,926.6	1,935.8	1,993.6	2,049.3	2,107.8	2,106.3	2,123.1	16.8
Other support services	307.8	314.6	317.6	321.3	308.6	319.0	321.0	321.8	0.8
Waste management and remediation services	393.4	406.4	407.0	408.0	401.3	413.6	414.9	415.6	0.7
Education and health services	22,590	22,707	23,072	23,111	22,443	22,888	22,954	22,970	16
Educational services	3,697.1	3,468.3	3,771.0	3,787.8	3,534.1	3,595.7	3,625.2	3,623.8	-1.4
Health care and social assistance	18,892.8	19,238.6	19,300.5	19,323.3	18,908.8	19,292.2	19,329.1	19,345.8	16.7
Health care(3)	15,263.5	15,559.1	15,602.9	15,612.7	15,299.7	15,610.0	15,641.4	15,654.9	13.5
Ambulatory health care services	6,988.7	7,176.9	7,207.4	7,211.9	7,008.4	7,205.1	7,226.6	7,233.4	6.8
Offices of physicians	2,502.5	2,554.6	2,563.4	2,559.9	2,507.1	2,560.4	2,566.6	2,565.1	-1.5
Offices of dentists	912.2	935.2	939.0	937.3	917.2	938.3	940.5	942.3	1.8
Offices of other health practitioners	837.2	880.4	884.5	887.1	840.6	886.3	888.5	890.7	2.2
Outpatient care centers	840.6	883.4	889.3	897.1	842.2	886.2	891.8	897.7	5.9
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	263.3	259.9	259.2	258.0	263.0	260.5	259.9	258.3	-1.6
Home health care services	1,345.2	1,376.5	1,380.0	1,382.5	1,350.1	1,383.1	1,386.6	1,388.1	1.5
Other ambulatory health care services	287.7	286.9	292.0	290.0	288.2	290.5	292.6	291.1	-1.5
Hospitals	4,979.9	5,069.0	5,078.4	5,090.3	4,983.7	5,079.9	5,087.1	5,095.8	8.7
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,294.9	3,313.2	3,317.1	3,310.5	3,307.6	3,325.0	3,327.7	3,325.7	-2.0
Nursing care facilities	1,632.4	1,639.5	1,638.3	1,632.3	1,640.9	1,643.3	1,644.1	1,642.3	-1.8
Residential mental health facilities	613.2	614.7	616.6	618.0	614.3	617.3	618.4	618.8	0.4
Community care facilities for the elderly	886.9	896.0	898.0	897.1	888.7	899.8	900.4	900.1	-0.3
Other residential care facilities	162.4	163.0	164.2	163.1	163.6	164.5	164.8	164.4	-0.4
Social assistance	3,629.3	3,679.5	3,697.6	3,710.6	3,609.1	3,682.2	3,687.7	3,690.9	3.2
Individual and family services	2,208.0	2,267.1	2,275.6	2,279.9	2,204.6	2,272.0	2,276.6	2,276.8	0.2
Emergency and other relief services	162.4	168.2	168.2	168.7	162.7	168.2	167.8	168.5	0.7
Vocational rehabilitation services	336.5	330.1	329.5	331.8	339.4	334.2	333.4	334.8	1.4
Child day care services	922.4	914.1	924.3	930.2	902.4	907.7	909.9	910.9	1.0
Leisure and hospitality	15,143	15,018	15,167	15,390	15,537	15,759	15,786	15,795	9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,067.8	1,984.4	2,020.3	2,069.6	2,228.2	2,245.4	2,250.4	2,238.0	-12.4
Performing arts and spectator sports	438.9	396.9	412.3	425.3	456.9	450.5	449.7	444.9	-4.8
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	148.6	147.3	148.9	152.8	157.2	161.7	162.7	162.0	-0.7
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,480.3	1,440.2	1,459.1	1,491.5	1,614.1	1,633.2	1,638.0	1,631.1	-6.9
Accommodation and food services	13,075.4	13,033.8	13,146.9	13,320.8	13,308.3	13,513.5	13,535.2	13,557.3	22.1
Accommodation	1,878.6	1,846.7	1,862.4	1,884.0	1,944.9	1,946.6	1,949.6	1,950.0	0.4
Food services and drinking places	11,196.8	11,187.1	11,284.5	11,436.8	11,363.4	11,566.9	11,585.6	11,607.3	21.7
Other services	5,642	5,641	5,673	5,698	5,670	5,713	5,723	5,724	1
Repair and maintenance	1,291.8	1,273.9	1,286.3	1,294.0	1,292.9	1,290.2	1,293.0	1,294.3	1.3
Personal and laundry services	1,424.2	1,443.9	1,451.6	1,463.0	1,434.1	1,464.6	1,471.5	1,472.4	0.9
Membership associations and organizations	2,925.8	2,922.7	2,935.3	2,940.8	2,942.5	2,958.2	2,958.7	2,957.6	-1.1
Government	22,552	22,169	22,614	22,691	22,166	22,311	22,309	22,318	9
Federal	2,767.0	2,802.0	2,801.0	2,798.0	2,781.0	2,817.0	2,817.0	2,816.0	-1.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,162.7	2,190.3	2,186.0	2,181.9	2,175.1	2,199.6	2,200.1	2,197.5	-2.6
U.S. Postal Service	604.6	611.3	614.6	615.6	605.6	617.5	617.2	618.2	1.0
State government	5,247.0	5,002.0	5,221.0	5,240.0	5,091.0	5,095.0	5,085.0	5,086.0	1.0
State government education	2,573.0	2,338.4	2,554.1	2,568.0	2,410.8	2,419.9	2,408.4	2,408.4	0.0
State government, excluding education	2,673.6	2,664.0	2,667.0	2,671.6	2,679.7	2,674.9	2,676.7	2,677.2	0.5
Local government	14,538.0	14,365.0	14,592.0	14,653.0	14,294.0	14,399.0	14,407.0	14,416.0	9.0
Local government education	8,243.6	8,053.2	8,264.7	8,308.6	7,900.6	7,953.2	7,958.0	7,967.7	9.7
Local government, excluding education	6,294.6	6,311.7	6,327.6	6,344.8	6,393.3	6,446.0	6,449.2	6,448.0	-1.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.4	34.3	34.3
Goods-producing	40.1	40.2	40.3	40.1
Mining and logging	42.8	43.7	44.1	44.6
Construction	38.7	38.9	39.0	38.8
Manufacturing	40.7	40.8	40.8	40.6
Durable goods	41.1	41.2	41.3	41.1
Nondurable goods	39.9	40.0	39.9	39.7
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.3	34.3	34.2	34.2
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.9	38.9	38.9
Retail trade	31.0	30.9	30.8	30.8
Transportation and warehousing	38.9	38.7	38.6	38.4
Utilities	41.9	42.5	42.0	42.4
Information	36.0	36.4	36.2	36.2
Financial activities	37.6	37.3	37.4	37.3
Professional and business services	36.1	36.1	36.0	36.0
Education and health services	32.8	32.9	32.9	32.9
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	26.0	25.9	26.0
Other services	31.9	31.7	31.8	31.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.2
Durable goods	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3
Nondurable goods	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)
Total private	$25.46	$26.02	$26.09	$26.14	$875.82	$895.09	$894.89	$896.60
Goods-producing	26.66	27.30	27.31	27.34	1,069.07	1,097.46	1,100.59	1,096.33
Mining and logging	31.92	32.87	32.54	32.54	1,366.18	1,436.42	1,435.01	1,451.28
Construction	27.87	28.49	28.49	28.55	1,078.57	1,108.26	1,111.11	1,107.74
Manufacturing	25.72	26.35	26.36	26.37	1,046.80	1,075.08	1,075.49	1,070.62
Durable goods	27.05	27.58	27.60	27.60	1,111.76	1,136.30	1,139.88	1,134.36
Nondurable goods	23.42	24.24	24.24	24.26	934.46	969.60	967.18	963.12
Private service-providing	25.18	25.72	25.80	25.86	838.49	853.90	856.56	858.55
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22.20	22.59	22.62	22.63	761.46	774.84	773.60	773.95
Wholesale trade	29.31	29.91	30.01	29.93	1,137.23	1,163.50	1,167.39	1,164.28
Retail trade	17.82	18.01	18.01	18.01	552.42	556.51	554.71	554.71
Transportation and warehousing	23.04	23.55	23.58	23.67	896.26	911.39	910.19	908.93
Utilities	37.99	38.98	38.64	38.83	1,591.78	1,656.65	1,622.88	1,646.39
Information	36.05	37.42	37.48	37.50	1,297.80	1,362.09	1,356.78	1,357.50
Financial activities	32.13	32.62	32.79	32.82	1,208.09	1,216.73	1,226.35	1,224.19
Professional and business services	30.59	31.27	31.36	31.65	1,104.30	1,128.85	1,128.96	1,139.40
Education and health services	25.60	26.01	26.11	26.06	839.68	855.73	859.02	857.37
Leisure and hospitality	14.68	15.21	15.25	15.33	383.15	395.46	394.98	398.58
Other services	22.90	23.54	23.62	23.50	730.51	746.22	751.12	747.30
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2017 - Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2017 - Mar. 2017(p)
Total private	104.9	106.4	106.3	106.4	0.1	127.7	132.3	132.6	132.9	0.2
Goods-producing	90.2	90.9	91.6	91.2	-0.4	108.7	112.1	113.0	112.7	-0.3
Mining and logging	93.1	92.4	94.8	97.4	2.7	119.3	122.0	123.8	127.3	2.8
Construction	89.4	91.4	92.4	92.0	-0.4	108.3	113.2	114.4	114.2	-0.2
Manufacturing	90.5	90.7	90.9	90.5	-0.4	108.2	111.1	111.4	111.0	-0.4
Durable goods	89.5	89.5	89.8	89.5	-0.3	107.5	109.7	110.1	109.7	-0.4
Nondurable goods	92.0	92.6	92.7	92.2	-0.5	109.3	113.8	114.0	113.5	-0.4
Private service-providing	109.0	110.4	110.6	110.6	0.0	133.4	138.0	138.6	139.0	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	101.3	102.2	101.9	101.8	-0.1	121.1	124.3	124.0	123.9	-0.1
Wholesale trade	99.1	100.1	100.2	100.2	0.0	121.3	124.9	125.5	125.1	-0.3
Retail trade	99.5	99.9	99.4	99.2	-0.2	117.2	118.9	118.3	118.1	-0.2
Transportation and warehousing	110.4	111.5	111.4	110.9	-0.4	129.1	133.3	133.3	133.2	-0.1
Utilities	100.7	102.2	100.9	101.7	0.8	126.4	131.6	128.8	130.5	1.3
Information	91.4	91.6	90.9	90.8	-0.1	117.3	122.0	121.3	121.3	0.0
Financial activities	101.4	102.5	102.9	102.7	-0.2	127.0	130.5	131.6	131.5	-0.1
Professional and business services	113.1	116.3	116.1	116.5	0.3	140.2	147.3	147.5	149.3	1.2
Education and health services	120.2	123.0	123.3	123.4	0.1	148.0	153.9	154.9	154.7	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	115.7	116.9	116.7	117.2	0.4	137.0	143.5	143.5	144.9	1.0
Other services	104.3	104.4	104.9	104.9	0.0	130.9	134.7	135.8	135.2	-0.4
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)
Total nonfarm	71,070	72,107	72,232	72,241	49.5	49.5	49.6	49.5
Total private	58,372	59,307	59,431	59,432	48.0	48.1	48.1	48.1
Goods-producing	4,314	4,351	4,362	4,365	21.8	21.9	21.9	21.9
Mining and logging	102	99	100	101	14.7	14.7	14.6	14.5
Construction	836	857	863	861	12.5	12.6	12.6	12.5
Manufacturing	3,376	3,395	3,399	3,403	27.3	27.5	27.5	27.5
Durable goods	1,804	1,807	1,804	1,807	23.3	23.4	23.3	23.4
Nondurable goods	1,572	1,588	1,595	1,596	34.0	34.2	34.3	34.3
Private service-providing	54,058	54,956	55,069	55,067	53.1	53.2	53.2	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,029	11,062	11,064	11,021	40.6	40.4	40.4	40.3
Wholesale trade	1,730.3	1,743.0	1,747.0	1,742.1	29.5	29.6	29.6	29.5
Retail trade	7,972.1	7,962.5	7,959.8	7,926.2	50.5	50.0	50.1	50.0
Transportation and warehousing	1,195.1	1,227.8	1,229.2	1,224.9	24.1	24.4	24.4	24.3
Utilities	131.8	128.7	127.9	127.4	23.7	23.2	23.0	23.0
Information	1,109	1,101	1,098	1,094	39.9	40.0	39.9	39.8
Financial activities	4,693	4,756	4,760	4,757	57.0	56.7	56.7	56.6
Professional and business services	8,917	9,191	9,228	9,257	44.7	44.9	45.0	45.0
Education and health services	17,290	17,639	17,691	17,706	77.0	77.1	77.1	77.1
Leisure and hospitality	8,054	8,202	8,214	8,213	51.8	52.0	52.0	52.0
Other services	2,966	3,005	3,014	3,019	52.3	52.6	52.7	52.7
Government	12,698	12,800	12,801	12,809	57.3	57.4	57.4	57.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)
Total private	100,111	101,567	101,770	101,840
Goods-producing	14,266	14,297	14,372	14,392
Mining and logging	492	474	481	491
Construction	5,085	5,156	5,196	5,198
Manufacturing	8,689	8,667	8,695	8,703
Durable goods	5,329	5,309	5,317	5,324
Nondurable goods	3,360	3,358	3,378	3,379
Private service-providing	85,845	87,270	87,398	87,448
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22,853	23,032	23,035	23,015
Wholesale trade	4,684.2	4,716.8	4,725.0	4,731.1
Retail trade	13,434.7	13,501.2	13,491.5	13,463.9
Transportation and warehousing	4,289.2	4,367.6	4,371.2	4,372.9
Utilities	445.0	446.3	446.9	447.2
Information	2,245	2,220	2,214	2,209
Financial activities	6,378	6,529	6,531	6,531
Professional and business services	16,312	16,759	16,807	16,864
Education and health services	19,674	20,094	20,154	20,167
Leisure and hospitality	13,683	13,902	13,915	13,919
Other services	4,700	4,734	4,742	4,743
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.6	33.6	33.6	33.5
Goods-producing	41.0	41.1	41.3	41.1
Mining and logging	44.5	45.5	45.9	45.7
Construction	39.4	39.3	39.8	39.4
Manufacturing	41.7	41.9	42.0	41.8
Durable goods	42.1	42.3	42.4	42.3
Nondurable goods	41.1	41.3	41.3	41.0
Private service-providing	32.4	32.3	32.3	32.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.5	33.6	33.5	33.5
Wholesale trade	38.5	38.8	38.8	38.7
Retail trade	29.7	29.8	29.9	29.9
Transportation and warehousing	38.9	38.6	38.2	38.0
Utilities	42.1	43.3	42.2	42.7
Information	35.4	35.9	35.7	35.7
Financial activities	37.0	36.9	36.9	36.9
Professional and business services	35.5	35.3	35.3	35.2
Education and health services	32.2	32.2	32.3	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	24.9	24.8	24.7	24.8
Other services	30.7	30.8	30.8	30.7
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.2
Durable goods	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.3
Nondurable goods	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)
Total private	$21.40	$21.83	$21.86	$21.90	$719.04	$733.49	$734.50	$733.65
Goods-producing	22.38	22.85	22.87	22.93	917.58	939.14	944.53	942.42
Mining and logging	26.90	27.55	27.49	27.63	1,197.05	1,253.53	1,261.79	1,262.69
Construction	25.69	26.33	26.30	26.39	1,012.19	1,034.77	1,046.74	1,039.77
Manufacturing	20.27	20.63	20.64	20.69	845.26	864.40	866.88	864.84
Durable goods	21.35	21.64	21.62	21.65	898.84	915.37	916.69	915.80
Nondurable goods	18.52	18.99	19.06	19.14	761.17	784.29	787.18	784.74
Private service-providing	21.19	21.61	21.65	21.69	686.56	698.00	699.30	700.59
Trade, transportation, and utilities	18.92	19.19	19.20	19.24	633.82	644.78	643.20	644.54
Wholesale trade	24.06	24.48	24.55	24.51	926.31	949.82	952.54	948.54
Retail trade	15.03	15.22	15.22	15.24	446.39	453.56	455.08	455.68
Transportation and warehousing	20.90	20.99	21.03	21.14	813.01	810.21	803.35	803.32
Utilities	34.77	36.06	36.03	36.32	1,463.82	1,561.40	1,520.47	1,550.86
Information	29.69	30.32	30.34	30.46	1,051.03	1,088.49	1,083.14	1,087.42
Financial activities	25.97	26.27	26.28	26.37	960.89	969.36	969.73	973.05
Professional and business services	25.20	25.78	25.83	25.93	894.60	910.03	911.80	912.74
Education and health services	22.41	22.82	22.88	22.85	721.60	734.80	739.02	735.77
Leisure and hospitality	12.73	13.16	13.18	13.25	316.98	326.37	325.55	328.60
Other services	19.27	19.72	19.82	19.70	591.59	607.38	610.46	604.79
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2017 - Mar. 2017(p)	Mar. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017(p)	Mar. 2017(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2017 - Mar. 2017(p)
Total private	112.1	113.7	113.9	113.7	-0.2	160.3	165.9	166.4	166.4	0.0
Goods-producing	89.4	89.8	90.7	90.4	-0.3	122.5	125.6	127.0	126.9	-0.1
Mining and logging	116.3	114.6	117.3	119.2	1.6	182.0	183.6	187.6	191.6	2.1
Construction	100.3	101.5	103.5	102.5	-1.0	139.2	144.2	147.0	146.1	-0.6
Manufacturing	83.2	83.4	83.8	83.5	-0.4	110.3	112.5	113.2	113.0	-0.2
Durable goods	84.3	84.4	84.7	84.6	-0.1	112.4	114.0	114.4	114.4	0.0
Nondurable goods	81.4	81.7	82.2	81.6	-0.7	106.5	109.7	110.7	110.4	-0.3
Private service-providing	118.5	120.0	120.2	120.3	0.1	172.1	177.9	178.5	178.9	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.7	107.9	107.6	107.5	-0.1	144.0	147.7	147.3	147.5	0.1
Wholesale trade	106.2	107.8	108.0	107.8	-0.2	150.5	155.4	156.1	155.7	-0.3
Retail trade	101.0	101.8	102.1	101.9	-0.2	130.1	132.8	133.2	133.1	-0.1
Transportation and warehousing	125.6	126.9	125.7	125.1	-0.5	166.5	169.0	167.7	167.7	0.0
Utilities	95.8	98.8	96.4	97.7	1.3	139.1	148.8	145.0	148.0	2.1
Information	90.7	91.0	90.2	90.0	-0.2	133.3	136.5	135.5	135.7	0.1
Financial activities	111.1	113.4	113.5	113.5	0.0	177.5	183.3	183.4	184.1	0.4
Professional and business services	129.8	132.6	133.0	133.0	0.0	194.6	203.4	204.4	205.3	0.4
Education and health services	135.1	138.0	138.8	138.5	-0.2	199.8	207.8	209.6	208.8	-0.4
Leisure and hospitality	124.8	126.3	125.9	126.4	0.4	180.4	188.7	188.4	190.3	1.0
Other services	101.2	102.3	102.4	102.1	-0.3	142.1	146.9	147.9	146.6	-0.9
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.