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Economic News Release
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Employment Situation News Release

Technical information:
  Household data:      (202) 691-6378   USDL 08-0588
              http://www.bls.gov/cps/

  Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555   Transmission of material in this release
              http://www.bls.gov/ces/   is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902   Friday, May 2, 2008.


                  THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:  APRIL 2008


   Nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in April (-20,000), following
job losses that totaled 240,000 in the first 3 months of the year, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.  The unem-
ployment rate, at 5.0 percent, also was little changed in April.  Employment
continued to decline in construction, manufacturing, and retail trade, while
jobs were added in health care and in professional and technical services.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

   The number of unemployed persons (7.6 million) and the unemployment rate
(5.0 percent) were little changed in April.  A year earlier, the number of
unemployed persons was 6.8 million, and the jobless rate was 4.5 percent. 
Over the month, the unemployment rates for most major worker groups--adult
men (4.6 percent), teenagers (15.4 percent), whites (4.4 percent), blacks
(8.6 percent), and Hispanics (6.9 percent)--showed little or no change.  The
jobless rate for adult women decreased to 4.3 percent in April, nearly off-
setting an increase in the prior month.  The unemployment rate for Asians
was 3.2 percent (not seasonally adjusted) in April.  (See tables A-1, A-2,
and A-3.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

   Both total employment, at 146.3 million, and the employment-population
ratio, at 62.7 percent, were little changed in April.  Over the month, the
labor force participation rate held at 66.0 percent; it was the same rate a
year earlier.  (See table A-1.)

   In April, the number of persons working part time for economic reasons
increased by 306,000 to 5.2 million.  This level was 849,000 higher than in
April 2007.  These individuals indicated that they were working part time
because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a
full-time job.  (See table A-5.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

   About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached
to the labor force in April.  These individuals wanted and were available for
work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months.  They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks pre-
ceding the survey.  Among the marginally attached, there were 412,000 discouraged
workers in April, about the same as a year earlier.  Discouraged workers were not
currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were avail-
able for them.  The other 1.0 million persons classified as marginally attached
to the labor force in April cited reasons such as school attendance or family 
responsibilities.  (See table A-13.)



                                   - 2 -



Table A.  Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted        
(Numbers in thousands)                                                          
_______________________________________________________________________________ 
                         |                 |                          |         
                         |    Quarterly    |                          |         
                         |     averages    |       Monthly data       |  Mar.-  
        Category         |_________________|__________________________|  Apr.   
                         |        |        |        |        |        | change  
                         |   IV   |    I   |  Feb.  |  Mar.  |  Apr.  |         
                         |  2007  |  2008  |  2008  |  2008  |  2008  |         
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
     HOUSEHOLD DATA      |                 Labor force status                   
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
                         |        |        |        |        |        |         
Civilian labor force ....| 153,667| 153,661| 153,374| 153,784| 153,957|     173 
  Employment ............| 146,291| 146,070| 145,993| 145,969| 146,331|     362 
  Unemployment ..........|   7,375|   7,591|   7,381|   7,815|   7,626|    -189 
Not in labor force ......|  79,270|  79,146|  79,436|  79,211|  79,241|      30 
                         |________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
                         |                 Unemployment rates                   
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
                         |        |        |        |        |        |         
All workers .............|     4.8|     4.9|     4.8|     5.1|     5.0|    -0.1 
  Adult men .............|     4.3|     4.4|     4.3|     4.6|     4.6|      .0 
  Adult women ...........|     4.2|     4.3|     4.2|     4.6|     4.3|     -.3 
  Teenagers .............|    16.4|    16.8|    16.6|    15.8|    15.4|     -.4 
  White .................|     4.3|     4.4|     4.3|     4.5|     4.4|     -.1 
  Black or African       |        |        |        |        |        |         
    American ............|     8.6|     8.8|     8.3|     9.0|     8.6|     -.4 
  Hispanic or Latino     |        |        |        |        |        |         
    ethnicity ...........|     5.9|     6.5|     6.2|     6.9|     6.9|      .0 
                         |________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
  ESTABLISHMENT DATA     |                     Employment                       
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
                         |        |        |        |        |        |         
Nonfarm employment.......| 138,031|p137,920| 137,919|p137,838|p137,818|    p-20 
  Goods-producing (1)....|  22,042| p21,817|  21,816| p21,728| p21,618|   p-110 
    Construction ........|   7,521|  p7,381|   7,382|  p7,336|  p7,275|    p-61 
    Manufacturing .......|  13,788| p13,690|  13,690| p13,642| p13,596|    p-46 
  Service-providing (1)..| 115,989|p116,103| 116,103|p116,110|p116,200|     p90 
      Retail trade (2)...|  15,490| p15,437|  15,429| p15,410| p15,383|    p-27 
    Professional and     |        |        |        |        |        |         
      business services .|  18,093| p18,068|  18,073| p18,029| p18,068|     p39 
    Education and health |        |        |        |        |        |         
      services ..........|  18,527| p18,663|  18,665| p18,708| p18,760|     p52 
    Leisure and          |        |        |        |        |        |         
      hospitality .......|  13,622| p13,660|  13,660| p13,677| p13,695|     p18 
    Government ..........|  22,291| p22,358|  22,362| p22,376| p22,385|      p9 
                         |________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
                         |                  Hours of work (3)                   
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
                         |        |        |        |        |        |         
Total private ...........|    33.8|   p33.7|    33.7|   p33.8|   p33.7|   p-0.1 
  Manufacturing .........|    41.2|   p41.1|    41.1|   p41.2|   p40.9|    p-.3 
    Overtime ............|     4.1|    p4.0|     4.0|    p4.0|    p3.9|    p-.1 
                         |________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
                         |   Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)    
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
                         |        |        |        |        |        |         
Total private ...........|   107.7|  p107.4|   107.3|  p107.6|  p107.2|   p-0.4 
                         |________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
                         |                     Earnings (3)                     
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
Average hourly earnings, |        |        |        |        |        |         
  total private .........|  $17.64| p$17.81|  $17.81| p$17.87| p$17.88|  p$0.01 
Average weekly earnings, |        |        |        |        |        |         
  total private .........|  596.34| p600.80|  600.20| p604.01| p602.56|  p-1.45 
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                                                                                
   1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.                           
   2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using      
unrounded data.                                                                 
   3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.              
   p = preliminary.                                                             



                                   - 3 -



Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

   Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in April (-20,000).  Job
losses continued in construction, manufacturing, and retail trade.  Employment
grew in health care and in professional and technical services.  (See table B-1.)

   In April, employment in construction declined by 61,000, with losses continuing
throughout most of the sector.  Since its peak in September 2006, construction em-
ployment has fallen by 457,000.

   Manufacturing employment fell by 46,000 over the month; nearly all the decline
occurred in durable goods manufacturing.  In April, large job losses occurred in
motor vehicles and parts (-17,000) and in fabricated metal products (-11,000).
Declines also occurred in furniture and related products (-4,000) and in semicon-
ductors and electronic components (-3,000).  Over the past 12 months, manufacturing
employment has declined by 326,000.

   Employment in retail trade continued to trend down, with a decrease of 27,000 in
April.  Since its peak in March 2007, the industry has shed 137,000 jobs.  Over the
month, job losses continued in building material and garden supply stores (-12,000)
and in department stores (-8,000).

   Employment in health care continued to increase in April with a gain of 37,000.
This industry has added 365,000 jobs over the past 12 months. In April, there were
gains of 22,000 jobs in ambulatory health care services and 9,000 jobs in hospitals.

   Professional and technical services employment rose by 27,000 in April after
showing little change during the first quarter of 2008.  Computer systems design
added 10,000 jobs over the month and employment in accounting and bookkeeping ser-
vices edged up by 9,000.  Employment in temporary help services continued to trend
down.

   Employment continued to trend upward in food services in April (18,000), although
job gains in this industry have slowed over the past 6 months.  Since October 2007,
food services employment has grown by an average of 13,000 per month; this compares
to an average increase of 28,000 jobs per month for the preceding 12-month period.

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

   In April, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on pri-
vate nonfarm payrolls was down by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted.  The
manufacturing workweek declined by 0.3 hour to 40.9 hours, and factory overtime was
down by 0.1 hour to 3.9 hours.  (See table B-2.)

   The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.4 percent in April to 107.2 (2002=100).  The man-
ufacturing index declined by 1.2 percent to 92.0. (See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

   In April, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 1 cent, or 0.1 percent, to $17.88, seasonally
adjusted.  This followed gains of 6 cents in February and in March.  Average weekly
earnings fell by 0.2 percent in April to $602.56.  Over the past 12 months, aver-
age hourly earnings increased by 3.4 percent and average weekly earnings rose by
3.1 percent.  (See table B-3.)


                     ______________________________


   The Employment Situation for May 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 6,
at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).





 


                                  - 4 -


    Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates


Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations.  The estab-
lishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea-
surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size.  An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is
statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for
a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.
However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establish-
ment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the
establishment survey.  The household survey also provides estimates of
employment for demographic groups.


Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the
legal status of workers.  Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include
at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many
are counted in either survey.  The household survey does include questions about
whether respondents were born outside the United States.  Data from these ques-
tions show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor 
force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force from 2000 
to 2007.


Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the
time of the initial publication of the estimates.  The establishment survey
revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the
survey.  For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark
revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts
available from unemployment insurance tax records.  The benchmark helps 
to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates.  For more 
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.
gov/web/cesbmart.htm.


Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes
the self-employed?

   While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household
survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment.  These
estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.



                                  - 5 -

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees.  The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment esti-
mate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to 
achieve that goal.


Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths.  The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs
impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net
impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages.  The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into
the sample.  There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its
appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection.  BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.


Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of
households.  All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and
available to work are included among the unemployed.  (People on temporary
layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.)  There is no
requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the
monthly survey.


Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force
who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers).  In addition, alternative measures of
labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially
counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news
release.






                                  - 6 - 


Technical Note

   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey).  The household survey provides the informa-
tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the
A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA.  It is a sample survey of about 60,000 house-
holds conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS).

   The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the 
B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA.  This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies.  The sample 
includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap-
proximately 400,000 individual worksites.  The active sample includes 
about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers.  The sample is drawn 
from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month  relate to a particular week
or pay period.  In the household survey,  the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month.  In the establish-
ment survey, the reference  period is the pay period including the 12th,
which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey.  The sample  is selected  to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population.  Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person  16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, pro-
fession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm.  People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria:  They had no employment during the  reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week.  Persons laid off from  a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed.  The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility
for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force  is the sum of employed and  unemployed persons.
Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force.
The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the  labor
force.  The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent
of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population.



                                  - 7 -

   Establishment survey.  The sample establishments are drawn from pri-
vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities.  Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave.  Persons are counted in each job
they hold.  Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-providing sector.  Industries are classified on the
basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of
the North American Industry Classification System.

   Differences in employment estimates.  The numerous conceptual and method-
ological differences between the household and establishment surveys result
in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the sur-
veys.  Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to  workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The  household survey has no duplication of individuals, because in-
dividuals  are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job  and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.  The ef-
fect of such seasonal  variation can  be  very large; seasonal fluctua-
tions may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes
in unemployment.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by ad-
justing the statistics from month to month.  These adjustments make non-
seasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot.  For
example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is
likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May,
making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen
or declined.  However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted
to allow for a comparable change.  Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made
correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to ana-
lyze changes in economic activity.



                                  - 8 -

   Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the 
household and establishment surveys.  However, the adjusted series for many 
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super-
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in-
dependently adjusted component series.  For example, total unemployment is 
derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; 
this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di-
rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 
detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated 
each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the 
current month.  In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to
adjust only the current month's data.  In the establishment survey, however, 
new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent 
monthly estimates.  In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made 
once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error.  When a sample rather than the en-
tire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent.  The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate.  There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 stand-
ard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error.
BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
430,000.  Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next.  The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval.  Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased.  If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero.  In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, oc-
curred.  At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, 
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 
percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations.  The precision of esti-
mates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for
quarterly and annual averages.  The seasonal adjustment process can also im-
prove the stability of the monthly estimates.



                                  - 9 -

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error.  Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for
all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
 
   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 
2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables.  It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms.  To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, 
an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business
births.  The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for
business births.  This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative
estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi-
ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the 
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation.  
The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de-
rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and 
reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five 
years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error.  The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries.  Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent,
ranging from less than 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral
phone:  1-800-877-8339.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-1.  Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                      Seasonally adjusted (1)                  
                                                                                                                                         
         Employment status, sex, and age                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Apr.      Mar.      Apr.      Apr.      Dec.      Jan.      Feb.      Mar.      Apr.  
                                                   2007      2008      2008      2007      2007      2008      2008      2008      2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                      TOTAL                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  231,253   232,995   233,198   231,253   233,156   232,616   232,809   232,995   233,198 
    Civilian labor force.......................  151,829   153,135   153,208   152,542   153,866   153,824   153,374   153,784   153,957 
          Participation rate...................     65.7      65.7      65.7      66.0      66.0      66.1      65.9      66.0      66.0 
      Employed.................................  145,297   145,108   145,921   145,713   146,211   146,248   145,993   145,969   146,331 
          Employment-population ratio..........     62.8      62.3      62.6      63.0      62.7      62.9      62.7      62.6      62.7 
      Unemployed...............................    6,532     8,027     7,287     6,829     7,655     7,576     7,381     7,815     7,626 
          Unemployment rate....................      4.3       5.2       4.8       4.5       5.0       4.9       4.8       5.1       5.0 
    Not in labor force.........................   79,423    79,860    79,990    78,711    79,290    78,792    79,436    79,211    79,241 
      Persons who currently want a job.........    4,729     4,492     4,677     4,815     4,697     4,857     4,772     4,730     4,755 
                                                                                                                                         
             Men, 16 years and over                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  111,849   112,695   112,803   111,849   112,852   112,493   112,596   112,695   112,803 
    Civilian labor force.......................   81,665    81,849    81,864    82,036    82,448    82,355    82,132    82,184    82,256 
          Participation rate...................     73.0      72.6      72.6      73.3      73.1      73.2      72.9      72.9      72.9 
      Employed.................................   78,013    77,198    77,745    78,293    78,260    78,157    78,113    77,948    78,038 
          Employment-population ratio..........     69.7      68.5      68.9      70.0      69.3      69.5      69.4      69.2      69.2 
      Unemployed...............................    3,651     4,651     4,119     3,743     4,188     4,197     4,019     4,236     4,218 
          Unemployment rate....................      4.5       5.7       5.0       4.6       5.1       5.1       4.9       5.2       5.1 
    Not in labor force.........................   30,184    30,846    30,939    29,814    30,404    30,139    30,464    30,511    30,547 
                                                                                                                                         
             Men, 20 years and over                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  103,248   104,052   104,152   103,248   104,197   103,866   103,961   104,052   104,152 
    Civilian labor force.......................   78,315    78,691    78,632    78,428    79,004    78,864    78,748    78,838    78,776 
          Participation rate...................     75.9      75.6      75.5      76.0      75.8      75.9      75.7      75.8      75.6 
      Employed.................................   75,218    74,620    75,048    75,279    75,499    75,427    75,362    75,197    75,148 
          Employment-population ratio..........     72.9      71.7      72.1      72.9      72.5      72.6      72.5      72.3      72.2 
      Unemployed...............................    3,097     4,071     3,584     3,149     3,505     3,437     3,386     3,641     3,628 
          Unemployment rate....................      4.0       5.2       4.6       4.0       4.4       4.4       4.3       4.6       4.6 
    Not in labor force.........................   24,933    25,362    25,520    24,820    25,193    25,002    25,213    25,214    25,376 
                                                                                                                                         
            Women, 16 years and over                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  119,403   120,300   120,396   119,403   120,304   120,123   120,213   120,300   120,396 
    Civilian labor force.......................   70,164    71,286    71,344    70,506    71,418    71,469    71,241    71,600    71,701 
          Participation rate...................     58.8      59.3      59.3      59.0      59.4      59.5      59.3      59.5      59.6 
      Employed.................................   67,284    67,911    68,176    67,420    67,951    68,091    67,880    68,021    68,293 
          Employment-population ratio..........     56.3      56.5      56.6      56.5      56.5      56.7      56.5      56.5      56.7 
      Unemployed...............................    2,881     3,376     3,168     3,086     3,467     3,378     3,361     3,579     3,408 
          Unemployment rate....................      4.1       4.7       4.4       4.4       4.9       4.7       4.7       5.0       4.8 
    Not in labor force.........................   49,239    49,014    49,052    48,897    48,886    48,654    48,972    48,700    48,694 
                                                                                                                                         
            Women, 20 years and over                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  111,057   111,902   111,990   111,057   111,903   111,739   111,822   111,902   111,990 
    Civilian labor force.......................   66,973    68,115    68,053    67,077    67,866    67,982    67,816    68,159    68,176 
          Participation rate...................     60.3      60.9      60.8      60.4      60.6      60.8      60.6      60.9      60.9 
      Employed.................................   64,530    65,142    65,329    64,479    64,912    65,098    64,950    65,055    65,260 
          Employment-population ratio..........     58.1      58.2      58.3      58.1      58.0      58.3      58.1      58.1      58.3 
      Unemployed...............................    2,443     2,974     2,724     2,597     2,954     2,885     2,865     3,104     2,916 
          Unemployment rate....................      3.6       4.4       4.0       3.9       4.4       4.2       4.2       4.6       4.3 
    Not in labor force.........................   44,084    43,786    43,937    43,980    44,037    43,756    44,006    43,743    43,814 
                                                                                                                                         
           Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........   16,948    17,041    17,056    16,948    17,056    17,012    17,027    17,041    17,056 
    Civilian labor force.......................    6,541     6,329     6,523     7,037     6,996     6,978     6,810     6,787     7,005 
          Participation rate...................     38.6      37.1      38.2      41.5      41.0      41.0      40.0      39.8      41.1 
      Employed.................................    5,549     5,347     5,544     5,954     5,801     5,724     5,681     5,717     5,923 
          Employment-population ratio..........     32.7      31.4      32.5      35.1      34.0      33.6      33.4      33.5      34.7 
      Unemployed...............................      992       982       979     1,082     1,196     1,254     1,130     1,070     1,082 
          Unemployment rate....................     15.2      15.5      15.0      15.4      17.1      18.0      16.6      15.8      15.4 
    Not in labor force.........................   10,407    10,712    10,533     9,911    10,059    10,034    10,216    10,254    10,051 
  
     1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and 
  seasonally adjusted columns.
     NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  
 

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-2.  Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                      Seasonally adjusted (1)                  
                                                                                                                                         
      Employment status, race, sex, and age                                                                                              
                                                   Apr.      Mar.      Apr.      Apr.      Dec.      Jan.      Feb.      Mar.      Apr.  
                                                   2007      2008      2008      2007      2007      2008      2008      2008      2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                     WHITE                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  187,843   189,019   189,147   187,843   189,093   188,787   188,906   189,019   189,147 
    Civilian labor force.......................  123,944   124,679   124,599   124,433   125,460   125,340   124,940   125,190   125,171 
        Participation rate.....................     66.0      66.0      65.9      66.2      66.3      66.4      66.1      66.2      66.2 
      Employed.................................  119,231   118,827   119,341   119,505   119,889   119,858   119,534   119,574   119,667 
        Employment-population ratio............     63.5      62.9      63.1      63.6      63.4      63.5      63.3      63.3      63.3 
      Unemployed...............................    4,713     5,853     5,258     4,928     5,571     5,482     5,406     5,616     5,504 
        Unemployment rate......................      3.8       4.7       4.2       4.0       4.4       4.4       4.3       4.5       4.4 
    Not in labor force.........................   63,899    64,339    64,548    63,410    63,633    63,447    63,966    63,829    63,975 
                                                                                                                                         
             Men, 20 years and over                                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force.......................   65,104    65,292    65,110    65,135    65,506    65,470    65,270    65,342    65,183 
        Participation rate.....................     76.4      76.1      75.8      76.4      76.3      76.4      76.1      76.2      75.9 
      Employed.................................   62,857    62,214    62,483    62,837    62,929    62,924    62,745    62,665    62,507 
        Employment-population ratio............     73.8      72.5      72.8      73.7      73.3      73.5      73.2      73.1      72.8 
      Unemployed...............................    2,247     3,078     2,627     2,298     2,577     2,546     2,524     2,677     2,676 
        Unemployment rate......................      3.5       4.7       4.0       3.5       3.9       3.9       3.9       4.1       4.1 
                                                                                                                                         
            Women, 20 years and over                                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force.......................   53,443    54,201    54,102    53,496    54,286    54,192    54,078    54,264    54,211 
        Participation rate.....................     59.6      60.1      60.0      59.7      60.2      60.2      60.0      60.2      60.1 
      Employed.................................   51,677    52,093    52,195    51,640    52,107    52,143    52,004    52,061    52,182 
        Employment-population ratio............     57.7      57.8      57.9      57.6      57.8      57.9      57.7      57.7      57.8 
      Unemployed...............................    1,766     2,108     1,907     1,857     2,179     2,049     2,075     2,202     2,029 
        Unemployment rate......................      3.3       3.9       3.5       3.5       4.0       3.8       3.8       4.1       3.7 
                                                                                                                                         
           Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force.......................    5,397     5,187     5,386     5,801     5,668     5,678     5,592     5,584     5,777 
        Participation rate.....................     41.4      39.7      41.2      44.5      43.3      43.5      42.8      42.7      44.2 
      Employed.................................    4,698     4,519     4,663     5,029     4,853     4,791     4,785     4,848     4,978 
        Employment-population ratio............     36.1      34.6      35.7      38.6      37.1      36.7      36.6      37.1      38.1 
      Unemployed...............................      699       667       723       773       815       887       807       736       799 
        Unemployment rate......................     13.0      12.9      13.4      13.3      14.4      15.6      14.4      13.2      13.8 
                                                                                                                                         
           BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........   27,385    27,709    27,746    27,385    27,704    27,640    27,675    27,709    27,746 
    Civilian labor force.......................   17,353    17,601    17,654    17,483    17,538    17,713    17,632    17,702    17,753 
        Participation rate.....................     63.4      63.5      63.6      63.8      63.3      64.1      63.7      63.9      64.0 
      Employed.................................   15,997    16,010    16,207    16,048    15,961    16,090    16,169    16,116    16,234 
        Employment-population ratio............     58.4      57.8      58.4      58.6      57.6      58.2      58.4      58.2      58.5 
      Unemployed...............................    1,356     1,591     1,447     1,435     1,577     1,623     1,463     1,586     1,520 
        Unemployment rate......................      7.8       9.0       8.2       8.2       9.0       9.2       8.3       9.0       8.6 
    Not in labor force.........................   10,032    10,109    10,092     9,902    10,165     9,927    10,043    10,007     9,992 
                                                                                                                                         
             Men, 20 years and over                                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force.......................    7,801     7,839     7,905     7,849     7,883     7,916     7,947     7,922     7,945 
        Participation rate.....................     70.8      70.4      70.9      71.3      70.7      71.3      71.5      71.2      71.3 
      Employed.................................    7,163     7,140     7,243     7,196     7,218     7,259     7,320     7,255     7,278 
        Employment-population ratio............     65.1      64.1      65.0      65.4      64.7      65.4      65.8      65.2      65.3 
      Unemployed...............................      638       698       662       652       665       656       627       667       667 
        Unemployment rate......................      8.2       8.9       8.4       8.3       8.4       8.3       7.9       8.4       8.4 
                                                                                                                                         
            Women, 20 years and over                                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force.......................    8,787     9,032     9,039     8,792     8,803     8,921     8,866     9,016     9,038 
        Participation rate.....................     63.9      64.9      64.9      64.0      63.4      64.3      63.8      64.8      64.9 
      Employed.................................    8,296     8,368     8,419     8,268     8,187     8,266     8,289     8,336     8,374 
        Employment-population ratio............     60.4      60.2      60.4      60.2      59.0      59.6      59.6      59.9      60.1 
      Unemployed...............................      491       664       620       525       617       654       577       680       664 
        Unemployment rate......................      5.6       7.3       6.9       6.0       7.0       7.3       6.5       7.5       7.4 
                                                                                                                                         
           Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force.......................      765       730       710       842       851       876       819       764       771 
        Participation rate.....................     29.1      27.4      26.6      32.0      32.0      33.0      30.8      28.7      28.9 
      Employed.................................      537       501       545       584       556       564       560       525       582 
        Employment-population ratio............     20.4      18.8      20.4      22.2      20.9      21.2      21.0      19.7      21.8 
      Unemployed...............................      228       229       165       258       295       313       259       239       189 
        Unemployment rate......................     29.8      31.3      23.3      30.6      34.7      35.7      31.7      31.3      24.5 
                                                                                                                                         
                     ASIAN                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........   10,545    10,645    10,658      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
    Civilian labor force.......................    6,951     7,184     7,220      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Participation rate.....................     65.9      67.5      67.7      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Employed.................................    6,723     6,928     6,985      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Employment-population ratio............     63.8      65.1      65.5      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Unemployed...............................      228       256       234      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Unemployment rate......................      3.3       3.6       3.2      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
    Not in labor force.........................    3,594     3,462     3,438      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
  
     1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
  seasonally adjusted columns.
     2 Data not available.
     NOTE:  Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races.
  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  
  

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-3.  Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                      Seasonally adjusted (1)                  
                                                                                                                                         
         Employment status, sex, and age                                                                                                 
                                                   Apr.      Mar.      Apr.      Apr.      Dec.      Jan.      Feb.      Mar.      Apr.  
                                                   2007      2008      2008      2007      2007      2008      2008      2008      2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
          HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........   31,147    31,820    31,911    31,147    31,903    31,643    31,732    31,820    31,911 
    Civilian labor force.......................   21,434    21,750    21,901    21,436    21,888    21,698    21,755    21,775    21,917 
        Participation rate.....................     68.8      68.4      68.6      68.8      68.6      68.6      68.6      68.4      68.7 
      Employed.................................   20,328    20,162    20,456    20,263    20,517    20,320    20,401    20,269    20,404 
        Employment-population ratio............     65.3      63.4      64.1      65.1      64.3      64.2      64.3      63.7      63.9 
      Unemployed...............................    1,106     1,588     1,445     1,173     1,371     1,378     1,354     1,507     1,512 
        Unemployment rate......................      5.2       7.3       6.6       5.5       6.3       6.3       6.2       6.9       6.9 
    Not in labor force.........................    9,714    10,071    10,010     9,711    10,016     9,946     9,977    10,045     9,994 
                                                                                                                                         
             Men, 20 years and over                                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force.......................   12,376    12,554    12,495      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Participation rate.....................     85.1      84.7      84.1      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Employed.................................   11,860    11,655    11,769      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Employment-population ratio............     81.6      78.6      79.2      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Unemployed...............................      516       899       726      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Unemployment rate......................      4.2       7.2       5.8      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
                                                                                                                                         
            Women, 20 years and over                                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force.......................    7,999     8,100     8,272      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Participation rate.....................     58.4      57.9      59.0      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Employed.................................    7,590     7,606     7,774      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Employment-population ratio............     55.4      54.4      55.4      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Unemployed...............................      409       494       497      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Unemployment rate......................      5.1       6.1       6.0      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
                                                                                                                                         
           Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force.......................    1,060     1,096     1,134      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Participation rate.....................     36.3      36.5      37.6      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Employed.................................      878       900       913      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Employment-population ratio............     30.1      30.0      30.3      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Unemployed...............................      182       195       222      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Unemployment rate......................     17.1      17.8      19.5      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
  
     1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
  seasonally adjusted columns.
     2 Data not available.
     NOTE:  Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.  Updated population controls are introduced
  annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  
  

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-4.  Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                        Seasonally adjusted                    
                                                                                                                                         
             Educational attainment                                                                                                      
                                                   Apr.      Mar.      Apr.      Apr.      Dec.      Jan.      Feb.      Mar.      Apr.  
                                                   2007      2008      2008      2007      2007      2008      2008      2008      2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
         Less than a high school diploma                                                                                                 
  Civilian labor force.........................   12,799    12,032    12,280    12,616    12,291    12,305    12,127    12,058    12,095 
      Participation rate.......................     46.6      45.9      46.2      45.9      46.5      46.0      46.4      46.0      45.5 
    Employed...................................   11,918    10,894    11,353    11,719    11,358    11,362    11,236    11,071    11,157 
      Employment-population ratio..............     43.4      41.6      42.7      42.7      42.9      42.5      43.0      42.3      42.0 
    Unemployed.................................      881     1,138       927       898       933       943       891       986       938 
      Unemployment rate........................      6.9       9.5       7.6       7.1       7.6       7.7       7.3       8.2       7.8 
                                                                                                                                         
      High school graduates, no college (1)                                                                                              
  Civilian labor force.........................   38,354    38,148    37,703    38,353    38,841    38,364    38,078    37,952    37,926 
      Participation rate.......................     62.7      62.7      62.2      62.7      62.9      62.9      62.6      62.3      62.6 
    Employed...................................   36,798    36,027    35,837    36,774    37,034    36,587    36,303    36,016    36,032 
      Employment-population ratio..............     60.1      59.2      59.1      60.1      60.0      59.9      59.7      59.1      59.5 
    Unemployed.................................    1,557     2,121     1,865     1,579     1,807     1,778     1,775     1,936     1,894 
      Unemployment rate........................      4.1       5.6       4.9       4.1       4.7       4.6       4.7       5.1       5.0 
                                                                                                                                         
        Some college or associate degree                                                                                                 
  Civilian labor force.........................   35,669    36,489    36,635    35,773    36,279    36,492    36,437    36,548    36,688 
      Participation rate.......................     72.3      72.0      72.1      72.5      72.0      72.5      72.0      72.1      72.2 
    Employed...................................   34,405    34,990    35,219    34,493    34,924    35,187    35,086    35,142    35,271 
      Employment-population ratio..............     69.8      69.0      69.3      69.9      69.3      69.9      69.4      69.3      69.4 
    Unemployed.................................    1,263     1,498     1,415     1,279     1,355     1,305     1,351     1,405     1,417 
      Unemployment rate........................      3.5       4.1       3.9       3.6       3.7       3.6       3.7       3.8       3.9 
                                                                                                                                         
        Bachelor's degree and higher (2)                                                                                                 
  Civilian labor force.........................   43,565    45,375    45,234    43,485    44,448    44,604    45,226    45,459    45,309 
      Participation rate.......................     77.9      78.5      78.3      77.8      77.9      78.0      78.1      78.6      78.4 
    Employed...................................   42,809    44,451    44,351    42,692    43,476    43,651    44,283    44,501    44,376 
      Employment-population ratio..............     76.5      76.9      76.7      76.3      76.2      76.4      76.5      77.0      76.8 
    Unemployed.................................      757       923       883       793       972       953       944       958       933 
      Unemployment rate........................      1.7       2.0       2.0       1.8       2.2       2.1       2.1       2.1       2.1 
 
    1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
    2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. 
    NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.  See box note in the BLS news release
 USDL 07-0486, "The Employment Situation:  March 2007," issued on April 6, 2007, for a discussion of technical issues regarding
 educational attainment data.
 
 
 
 
 
 

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-5.  Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
  
  (In thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                        Seasonally adjusted                    
                                                                                                                                         
                    Category                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Apr.      Mar.      Apr.      Apr.      Dec.      Jan.      Feb.      Mar.      Apr.  
                                                   2007      2008      2008      2007      2007      2008      2008      2008      2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                 CLASS OF WORKER                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
  Agriculture and related industries...........    2,040     2,057     2,074     2,053     2,248     2,213     2,213     2,192     2,109 
    Wage and salary workers....................    1,166     1,218     1,203     1,196     1,368     1,259     1,324     1,331     1,244 
    Self-employed workers......................      856       816       840       851       874       936       873       849       839 
    Unpaid family workers......................       18        23        31      (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)  
                                                                                                                                         
  Nonagricultural industries...................  143,257   143,051   143,847   143,678   143,933   144,052   143,820   143,796   144,258 
    Wage and salary workers....................  133,513   133,849   134,369   133,893   134,605   134,755   134,259   134,411   134,761 
      Government...............................   21,320    21,484    21,657    21,036    20,780    20,907    21,252    21,262    21,333 
      Private industries.......................  112,193   112,365   112,712   112,819   113,872   113,846   112,972   113,142   113,394 
        Private households.....................      819       744       780      (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)  
        Other industries.......................  111,374   111,621   111,932   111,993   113,035   113,042   112,212   112,383   112,650 
    Self-employed workers......................    9,641     9,103     9,353     9,690     9,242     9,161     9,410     9,224     9,355 
    Unpaid family workers......................      103        99       125      (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)  
                                                                                                                                         
          PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                         
  All industries:                                                                                                                        
    Part time for economic reasons.............    4,205     5,038     5,071     4,371     4,665     4,769     4,884     4,914     5,220 
      Slack work or business conditions........    2,729     3,404     3,456     2,854     3,174     3,247     3,291     3,323     3,558 
      Could only find part-time work...........    1,236     1,382     1,348     1,238     1,236     1,163     1,222     1,362     1,323 
    Part time for noneconomic reasons..........   20,336    19,853    20,607    19,919    19,526    19,613    19,348    19,409    19,809 
                                                                                                                                         
  Nonagricultural industries:                                                                                                            
    Part time for economic reasons.............    4,127     4,911     4,978     4,301     4,577     4,677     4,790     4,797     5,125 
      Slack work or business conditions........    2,681     3,313     3,389     2,830     3,120     3,174     3,231     3,238     3,513 
      Could only find part-time work...........    1,226     1,370     1,345     1,232     1,219     1,149     1,216     1,354     1,331 
    Part time for noneconomic reasons..........   20,001    19,553    20,289    19,550    19,225    19,296    19,019    19,072    19,456 
  
     1 Data not available.
     2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as
  vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.  Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked
  only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
     NOTE:  Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
  seasonal adjustment of the various series.  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  
 

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-6.  Selected employment indicators
  
  (In thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                        Seasonally adjusted                    
                                                                                                                                         
                 Characteristic                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Apr.      Mar.      Apr.      Apr.      Dec.      Jan.      Feb.      Mar.      Apr.  
                                                   2007      2008      2008      2007      2007      2008      2008      2008      2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                   AGE AND SEX                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                         
  Total, 16 years and over.....................  145,297   145,108   145,921   145,713   146,211   146,248   145,993   145,969   146,331 
    16 to 19 years.............................    5,549     5,347     5,544     5,954     5,801     5,724     5,681     5,717     5,923 
      16 to 17 years...........................    2,129     1,904     1,898     2,305     2,183     2,121     2,109     2,125     2,072 
      18 to 19 years...........................    3,420     3,443     3,646     3,621     3,626     3,603     3,579     3,578     3,847 
    20 years and over..........................  139,748   139,762   140,377   139,758   140,410   140,524   140,312   140,252   140,408 
      20 to 24 years...........................   13,819    13,399    13,617    13,989    13,702    13,794    13,632    13,657    13,761 
      25 years and over........................  125,929   126,363   126,760   125,691   126,675   126,640   126,644   126,574   126,595 
        25 to 54 years.........................  100,476    99,686   100,035   100,373   100,496   100,174   100,057    99,948    99,964 
          25 to 34 years.......................   31,565    31,388    31,615    31,588    31,633    31,530    31,599    31,581    31,639 
          35 to 44 years.......................   34,457    33,731    33,835    34,365    34,086    33,931    33,863    33,783    33,740 
          45 to 54 years.......................   34,454    34,567    34,584    34,420    34,777    34,713    34,595    34,585    34,586 
        55 years and over......................   25,453    26,677    26,725    25,318    26,179    26,466    26,587    26,626    26,631 
                                                                                                                                         
  Men, 16 years and over.......................   78,013    77,198    77,745    78,293    78,260    78,157    78,113    77,948    78,038 
    16 to 19 years.............................    2,795     2,578     2,697     3,013     2,761     2,731     2,751     2,751     2,890 
      16 to 17 years...........................    1,059       864       863     1,141       986       950       966       971       937 
      18 to 19 years...........................    1,736     1,714     1,833     1,858     1,766     1,780     1,782     1,780     1,948 
    20 years and over..........................   75,218    74,620    75,048    75,279    75,499    75,427    75,362    75,197    75,148 
      20 to 24 years...........................    7,285     7,099     7,186     7,404     7,244     7,312     7,219     7,268     7,299 
      25 years and over........................   67,934    67,521    67,862    67,842    68,264    68,060    68,129    67,938    67,809 
        25 to 54 years.........................   54,426    53,455    53,684    54,385    54,383    54,041    54,016    53,847    53,678 
          25 to 34 years.......................   17,433    17,051    17,285    17,475    17,451    17,348    17,346    17,255    17,321 
          35 to 44 years.......................   18,823    18,245    18,213    18,783    18,507    18,335    18,400    18,359    18,180 
          45 to 54 years.......................   18,170    18,159    18,186    18,126    18,425    18,357    18,270    18,233    18,177 
        55 years and over......................   13,508    14,066    14,179    13,456    13,882    14,020    14,113    14,091    14,131 
                                                                                                                                         
  Women, 16 years and over.....................   67,284    67,911    68,176    67,420    67,951    68,091    67,880    68,021    68,293 
    16 to 19 years.............................    2,754     2,769     2,847     2,941     3,040     2,993     2,929     2,966     3,033 
      16 to 17 years...........................    1,070     1,039     1,034     1,164     1,197     1,171     1,143     1,154     1,136 
      18 to 19 years...........................    1,684     1,729     1,812     1,763     1,860     1,823     1,797     1,798     1,899 
    20 years and over..........................   64,530    65,142    65,329    64,479    64,912    65,098    64,950    65,055    65,260 
      20 to 24 years...........................    6,534     6,300     6,431     6,585     6,458     6,482     6,414     6,389     6,463 
      25 years and over........................   57,996    58,842    58,898    57,849    58,411    58,580    58,515    58,636    58,786 
        25 to 54 years.........................   46,050    46,231    46,351    45,988    46,113    46,133    46,041    46,101    46,286 
          25 to 34 years.......................   14,132    14,337    14,330    14,112    14,182    14,182    14,254    14,326    14,318 
          35 to 44 years.......................   15,634    15,486    15,622    15,582    15,579    15,596    15,463    15,423    15,559 
          45 to 54 years.......................   16,284    16,409    16,399    16,294    16,352    16,355    16,325    16,352    16,409 
        55 years and over......................   11,945    12,611    12,547    11,861    12,297    12,447    12,474    12,535    12,500 
                                                                                                                                         
                 MARITAL STATUS                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                         
  Married men, spouse present..................   46,488    45,916    46,002    46,466    46,213    46,063    46,136    45,961    45,964 
  Married women, spouse present................   36,101    35,864    36,331    36,009    35,565    35,536    35,648    35,749    36,177 
  Women who maintain families..................    9,135     9,093     9,111      (1)        (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1) 
                                                                                                                                         
            FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                         
  Full-time workers (2)........................  119,609   119,875   120,027   120,322   121,428   121,202   121,275   121,231   120,856 
  Part-time workers (3)........................   25,688    25,233    25,894    25,258    24,740    25,043    24,697    24,691    25,245 
                                                                                                                                         
               MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                         
  Total multiple jobholders....................    7,846     7,499     7,630     7,944     7,416     7,557     7,582     7,449     7,644 
      Percent of total employed................      5.4       5.2       5.2       5.5       5.1       5.2       5.2       5.1       5.2 
  
     1 Data not available.
     2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
     3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
     NOTE:  Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
  seasonal adjustment of the various series.  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  
 

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-7.  Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                          Number of                                                                      
                                                      unemployed persons                         Unemployment rates (1)                  
                                                        (in thousands)                                                                   
                 Characteristic                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Apr.      Mar.      Apr.      Apr.      Dec.      Jan.      Feb.      Mar.      Apr.  
                                                   2007      2008      2008      2007      2007      2008      2008      2008      2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                   AGE AND SEX                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                         
  Total, 16 years and over.....................    6,829     7,815     7,626      4.5       5.0       4.9       4.8       5.1       5.0  
    16 to 19 years.............................    1,082     1,070     1,082     15.4      17.1      18.0      16.6      15.8      15.4  
      16 to 17 years...........................      459       485       509     16.6      19.6      20.4      18.3      18.6      19.7  
      18 to 19 years...........................      641       584       583     15.0      15.4      15.9      15.5      14.0      13.2  
    20 years and over..........................    5,746     6,745     6,544      3.9       4.4       4.3       4.3       4.6       4.5  
      20 to 24 years...........................    1,191     1,394     1,345      7.8       9.4       8.7       8.9       9.3       8.9  
      25 years and over........................    4,546     5,294     5,179      3.5       3.9       3.8       3.8       4.0       3.9  
        25 to 54 years.........................    3,753     4,342     4,333      3.6       4.1       3.9       3.9       4.2       4.2  
          25 to 34 years.......................    1,453     1,775     1,690      4.4       4.9       4.9       4.8       5.3       5.1  
          35 to 44 years.......................    1,197     1,321     1,350      3.4       3.8       3.6       3.6       3.8       3.8  
          45 to 54 years.......................    1,102     1,246     1,293      3.1       3.6       3.4       3.4       3.5       3.6  
        55 years and over......................      795       931       838      3.0       3.2       3.2       3.2       3.4       3.0  
                                                                                                                                         
  Men, 16 years and over.......................    3,743     4,236     4,218      4.6       5.1       5.1       4.9       5.2       5.1  
    16 to 19 years.............................      594       595       590     16.5      19.8      21.8      18.7      17.8      16.9  
      16 to 17 years...........................      243       273       267     17.5      22.1      24.0      20.5      22.0      22.2  
      18 to 19 years...........................      365       320       330     16.4      18.4      19.5      18.0      15.2      14.5  
    20 years and over..........................    3,149     3,641     3,628      4.0       4.4       4.4       4.3       4.6       4.6  
      20 to 24 years...........................      700       830       804      8.6       9.8       9.4       9.9      10.3       9.9  
      25 years and over........................    2,443     2,807     2,816      3.5       3.8       3.8       3.7       4.0       4.0  
        25 to 54 years.........................    1,995     2,324     2,385      3.5       4.0       4.0       3.8       4.1       4.3  
          25 to 34 years.......................      776       977       916      4.2       5.1       5.1       4.8       5.4       5.0  
          35 to 44 years.......................      620       690       753      3.2       3.6       3.6       3.4       3.6       4.0  
          45 to 54 years.......................      600       657       716      3.2       3.4       3.3       3.4       3.5       3.8  
        55 years and over......................      447       482       431      3.2       3.2       3.2       3.2       3.3       3.0  
                                                                                                                                         
  Women, 16 years and over.....................    3,086     3,579     3,408      4.4       4.9       4.7       4.7       5.0       4.8  
    16 to 19 years.............................      488       475       492     14.2      14.4      14.2      14.5      13.8      14.0  
      16 to 17 years...........................      216       212       242     15.7      17.3      17.2      16.2      15.5      17.5  
      18 to 19 years...........................      275       265       253     13.5      12.3      12.1      12.8      12.8      11.8  
    20 years and over..........................    2,597     3,104     2,916      3.9       4.4       4.2       4.2       4.6       4.3  
      20 to 24 years...........................      492       563       542      6.9       8.8       8.0       7.7       8.1       7.7  
      25 years and over........................    2,103     2,488     2,363      3.5       3.9       3.8       3.8       4.1       3.9  
        25 to 54 years.........................    1,758     2,018     1,949      3.7       4.1       3.9       4.0       4.2       4.0  
          25 to 34 years.......................      678       798       774      4.6       4.7       4.8       4.7       5.3       5.1  
          35 to 44 years.......................      577       631       598      3.6       4.0       3.6       3.9       3.9       3.7  
          45 to 54 years.......................      502       589       577      3.0       3.8       3.4       3.4       3.5       3.4  
        55 years and over (2)..................      311       438       366      2.5       2.9       3.4       3.3       3.4       2.8  
                                                                                                                                         
                 MARITAL STATUS                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                         
  Married men, spouse present..................    1,198     1,337     1,319      2.5       2.7       2.7       2.7       2.8       2.8  
  Married women, spouse present................    1,004     1,226     1,115      2.7       3.1       3.1       3.1       3.3       3.0  
  Women who maintain families (2)..............      605       694       661      6.2       6.9       7.0       6.7       7.1       6.8  
                                                                                                                                         
            FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                         
  Full-time workers (3)........................    5,528     6,415     6,328      4.4       4.9       4.8       4.8       5.0       5.0  
  Part-time workers (4)........................    1,326     1,377     1,303      5.0       5.6       5.4       5.0       5.3       4.9  
  
     1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
     2 Not seasonally adjusted.
     3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on
  layoff from full-time jobs.
     4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on
  layoff from part-time jobs.
     NOTE:  Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
  seasonal adjustment of the various series.  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  
  

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-8.  Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                        Seasonally adjusted                    
                                                                                                                                         
                     Reason                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Apr.      Mar.      Apr.      Apr.      Dec.      Jan.      Feb.      Mar.      Apr.  
                                                   2007      2008      2008      2007      2007      2008      2008      2008      2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
              NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                         
  Job losers and persons who completed                                                                                                   
   temporary jobs..............................    3,249     4,555     3,931     3,316     3,857     3,796     3,854     4,154     4,014 
    On temporary layoff........................      954     1,341     1,053     1,019       975     1,040       971     1,056     1,099 
    Not on temporary layoff....................    2,295     3,214     2,878     2,297     2,882     2,756     2,883     3,098     2,915 
      Permanent job losers.....................    1,625     2,276     2,114      (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)  
      Persons who completed temporary jobs.....      670       938       764      (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)  
  Job leavers..................................      713       768       816       749       798       830       769       781       850 
  Reentrants...................................    2,030     2,103     1,995     2,169     2,343     2,201     2,112     2,117     2,134 
  New entrants.................................      540       601       545       599       697       667       648       681       624 
                                                                                                                                         
              PERCENT DISTRIBUTION                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                         
  Total unemployed.............................    100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0 
   Job losers and persons who completed                                                                                                  
    temporary jobs.............................     49.7      56.7      53.9      48.5      50.1      50.7      52.2      53.7      52.7 
     On temporary layoff.......................     14.6      16.7      14.4      14.9      12.7      13.9      13.2      13.7      14.4 
     Not on temporary layoff...................     35.1      40.0      39.5      33.6      37.5      36.8      39.0      40.1      38.2 
   Job leavers.................................     10.9       9.6      11.2      11.0      10.4      11.1      10.4      10.1      11.2 
   Reentrants..................................     31.1      26.2      27.4      31.7      30.4      29.4      28.6      27.4      28.0 
   New entrants................................      8.3       7.5       7.5       8.8       9.1       8.9       8.8       8.8       8.2 
                                                                                                                                         
         UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE                                                                                                  
                 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                         
   Job losers and persons who completed                                                                                                  
    temporary jobs.............................      2.1       3.0       2.6       2.2       2.5       2.5       2.5       2.7       2.6 
   Job leavers.................................       .5        .5        .5        .5        .5        .5        .5        .5        .6 
   Reentrants..................................      1.3       1.4       1.3       1.4       1.5       1.4       1.4       1.4       1.4 
   New entrants................................       .4        .4        .4        .4        .5        .4        .4        .4        .4 
  
     1 Data not available.
     NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                                     HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-9.  Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                             Not seasonally adjusted                        Seasonally adjusted                    
                                                                                                                                                   
                         Duration                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                             Apr.      Mar.      Apr.      Apr.      Dec.      Jan.      Feb.      Mar.      Apr.  
                                                             2007      2008      2008      2007      2007      2008      2008      2008      2008  
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                   NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                   
  Less than 5 weeks......................................    2,141     2,550     2,151     2,442     2,793     2,634     2,639     2,767     2,484 
  5 to 14 weeks..........................................    1,909     2,782     2,225     2,147     2,330     2,396     2,396     2,525     2,495 
  15 weeks and over......................................    2,482     2,696     2,911     2,259     2,520     2,503     2,377     2,400     2,626 
     15 to 26 weeks......................................    1,221     1,339     1,473     1,066     1,182     1,124     1,079     1,118     1,272 
     27 weeks and over...................................    1,261     1,357     1,439     1,193     1,338     1,380     1,299     1,282     1,353 
                                                                                                                                                   
  Average (mean) duration, in weeks......................     18.3      16.9      18.3      17.0      16.6      17.5      16.8      16.2      16.9 
  Median duration, in weeks..............................     10.1       9.4      11.0       8.6       8.4       8.8       8.4       8.1       9.3 
                                                                                                                                                   
                   PERCENT DISTRIBUTION                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                   
  Total unemployed.......................................    100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0 
    Less than 5 weeks....................................     32.8      31.8      29.5      35.7      36.5      35.0      35.6      36.0      32.7 
    5 to 14 weeks........................................     29.2      34.7      30.5      31.4      30.5      31.8      32.3      32.8      32.8 
    15 weeks and over....................................     38.0      33.6      40.0      33.0      33.0      33.2      32.1      31.2      34.5 
      15 to 26 weeks.....................................     18.7      16.7      20.2      15.6      15.5      14.9      14.6      14.5      16.7 
      27 weeks and over..................................     19.3      16.9      19.7      17.4      17.5      18.3      17.5      16.7      17.8 
  
     NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  
  

  Table A-10.  Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                               Unemployment        
                                                                     Employed                     Unemployed                      rates            
                                                                                                                                                   
                        Occupation                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                               Apr.           Apr.             Apr.           Apr.           Apr.           Apr.   
                                                               2007           2008             2007           2008           2007           2008   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
       Total, 16 years and over (1)......................     145,297        145,921          6,532          7,287            4.3            4.8   
  Management, professional, and related occupations......      51,955         52,819            952          1,088            1.8            2.0   
    Management, business, and financial operations                                                                                                 
   occupations...........................................      21,447         21,621            419            467            1.9            2.1   
    Professional and related occupations.................      30,507         31,198            533            621            1.7            2.0   
  Service occupations....................................      23,858         24,064          1,361          1,406            5.4            5.5   
  Sales and office occupations...........................      36,262         36,222          1,492          1,605            4.0            4.2   
    Sales and related occupations........................      16,814         16,381            804            741            4.6            4.3   
    Office and administrative support occupations........      19,447         19,841            688            865            3.4            4.2   
  Natural resources, construction, and maintenance                                                                                                 
   occupations...........................................      15,459         14,673          1,058          1,381            6.4            8.6   
    Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations...........         945            954             85            111            8.2           10.5   
    Construction and extraction occupations..............       9,422          8,628            809          1,097            7.9           11.3   
    Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....       5,092          5,091            165            173            3.1            3.3   
  Production, transportation, and material moving                                                                                                  
   occupations...........................................      17,764         18,144          1,110          1,239            5.9            6.4   
    Production occupations...............................       9,394          9,196            633            679            6.3            6.9   
    Transportation and material moving occupations.......       8,370          8,948            477            560            5.4            5.9   
  
     1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
     NOTE:   Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  
  

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                                   HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-11.  Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                           Number of                                                             
                                                                           unemployed                                 Unemployment               
                                                                            persons                                      rates                   
               Industry and class of worker                              (in thousands)                                                          
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                    Apr.                  Apr.                  Apr.                  Apr.       
                                                                    2007                  2008                  2007                  2008       
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                 
         Total, 16 years and over (1)....................          6,532                 7,287                   4.3                   4.8       
  Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........          5,276                 5,923                   4.5                   5.0       
    Mining...............................................             17                    28                   2.3                   3.6       
    Construction.........................................            853                 1,057                   8.6                  11.1       
    Manufacturing........................................            749                   796                   4.6                   4.8       
      Durable goods......................................            467                   505                   4.4                   4.8       
      Nondurable goods...................................            282                   291                   4.8                   5.0       
    Wholesale and retail trade...........................            872                   919                   4.2                   4.5       
    Transportation and utilities.........................            188                   245                   3.3                   4.0       
    Information..........................................             77                   143                   2.4                   4.4       
    Financial activities.................................            231                   324                   2.4                   3.4       
    Professional and business services...................            689                   736                   5.0                   5.3       
    Education and health services........................            555                   551                   2.9                   2.8       
    Leisure and hospitality..............................            822                   874                   6.9                   6.9       
    Other services.......................................            224                   251                   3.6                   4.0       
  Agriculture and related private wage and salary                                                                                                
   workers...............................................             67                   108                   5.7                   8.6       
  Government workers.....................................            408                   373                   1.9                   1.7       
  Self employed and unpaid family workers................            240                   338                   2.2                   3.2       
 
    1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
    NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
 
 
 
 
 
 

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                            HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-12.  Alternative measures of labor underutilization
  
  (Percent)
                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                          
                                                            Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted                 
                                                                                                                                          
                          Measure                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                          
                                                            Apr.     Mar.     Apr.     Apr.     Dec.     Jan.     Feb.     Mar.     Apr.  
                                                            2007     2008     2008     2007     2007     2008     2008     2008     2008  
                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                          
  U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent                                                                                 
       of the civilian labor force.......................    1.6      1.8      1.9      1.5      1.6      1.6      1.6      1.6      1.7  
                                                                                                                                          
  U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                                      
       jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force....    2.1      3.0      2.6      2.2      2.5      2.5      2.5      2.7      2.6  
                                                                                                                                          
  U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian                                                                                      
       labor force (official unemployment rate)..........    4.3      5.2      4.8      4.5      5.0      4.9      4.8      5.1      5.0  
                                                                                                                                          
  U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a                                                                                     
       percent of the civilian labor force plus                                                                                           
       discouraged workers...............................    4.6      5.5      5.0      4.7      5.2      5.2      5.1      5.3      5.2  
                                                                                                                                          
  U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus                                                                                    
       all other marginally attached workers, as a                                                                                        
       percent of the civilian labor force plus all                                                                                       
       marginally attached workers.......................    5.2      6.1      5.6      5.3      5.8      6.0      5.8      5.9      5.8  
                                                                                                                                          
  U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached                                                                                      
       workers, plus total employed part time for                                                                                         
       economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian                                                                                     
       labor force plus all marginally attached                                                                                           
       workers...........................................    7.9      9.3      8.9      8.2      8.8      9.0      8.9      9.1      9.2  
  
     NOTE:  Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
  are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past.  Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
  have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job.  Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those
  who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule.  For more information, see "BLS intro-
  duces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.  Updated population con-
  trols are introduced annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  
  

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                                     HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-13.  Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                      Total                          Men                          Women            
                                                                                                                                                   
                         Category                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                               Apr.           Apr.           Apr.           Apr.           Apr.           Apr.     
                                                               2007           2008           2007           2008           2007           2008     
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                  NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                   
  Total not in the labor force...........................     79,423         79,990         30,184         30,939         49,239         49,052    
   Persons who currently want a job......................      4,729          4,677          2,161          2,152          2,567          2,525    
     Searched for work and available to work now (1).....      1,391          1,414            680            726            711            688    
       Reason not currently looking:                                                                                                               
         Discouragement over job prospects (2)...........        399            412            235            250            163            162    
         Reasons other than discouragement (3)...........        992          1,002            444            476            548            526    
                                                                                                                                                   
                    MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                   
  Total multiple jobholders (4)..........................      7,846          7,630          3,975          3,852          3,871          3,779    
      Percent of total employed..........................        5.4            5.2            5.1            5.0            5.8            5.5    
                                                                                                                                                   
      Primary job full time, secondary job part time.....      4,332          4,197          2,516          2,336          1,816          1,861    
      Primary and secondary jobs both part time..........      1,783          1,811            521            586          1,263          1,225    
      Primary and secondary jobs both full time..........        240            248            175            165             65             82    
      Hours vary on primary or secondary job.............      1,446          1,333            746            741            700            592    
  
     1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
     2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
  discrimination.
     3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health,
  and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
     4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
     NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
  
  
  
  
  
  

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                                ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1.  Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

                                         Not seasonally adjusted                    Seasonally adjusted

                                                                                                                           Change
           Industry                Apr.     Feb.    Mar.     Apr.      Apr.     Dec.     Jan.     Feb.    Mar.     Apr.     from:
                                   2007     2008    2008p    2008p     2007     2007     2008     2008    2008p    2008p  Mar. 2008-
                                                                                                                          Apr. 2008p

          Total nonfarm......... 137,341  136,439  137,019  137,722  137,356  138,078  138,002  137,919  137,838  137,818      -20

        Total private........... 114,777  113,745  114,228  114,934  115,195  115,745  115,666  115,557  115,462  115,433      -29

    Goods-producing.............  22,099   21,260   21,308   21,395   22,300   21,976   21,907   21,816   21,728   21,618     -110

Natural resources and mining....     710      728      737      739      718      739      744      744      750      747       -3
   Logging......................    57.1     58.4     56.4     56.0     61.9     60.6     60.7     60.2     59.5     60.5      1.0
 Mining.........................   652.8    669.2    680.9    682.9    656.3    677.9    683.2    684.0    690.0    686.8     -3.2
  Oil and gas extraction........   142.1    152.9    154.5    152.2    143.0    153.1    154.5    153.8    155.0    153.5     -1.5
  Mining, except oil and
   gas (1)......................   221.4    215.3    218.5    222.5    223.3    225.2    227.0    225.7    225.9    225.1      -.8
   Coal mining..................    77.4     78.3     79.0     78.5     77.4     78.3     78.6     78.7     78.9     78.6      -.3
  Support activities for mining.   289.3    301.0    307.9    308.2    290.0    299.6    301.7    304.5    309.1    308.2      -.9

Construction....................   7,513    6,939    6,997    7,111    7,660    7,465    7,426    7,382    7,336    7,275      -61
  Construction of buildings..... 1,743.3  1,600.9  1,608.5  1,613.6  1,777.2  1,702.4  1,690.2  1,673.0  1,665.6  1,650.0    -15.6
   Residential building.........   945.5    837.1    839.8    840.6    964.5    902.0    891.9    877.0    871.3    860.6    -10.7
   Nonresidential building......   797.8    763.8    768.7    773.0    812.7    800.4    798.3    796.0    794.3    789.4     -4.9
  Heavy and civil engineering
   construction.................   977.1    878.2    896.1    927.6  1,005.9    993.8    984.6    977.6    975.1    959.4    -15.7
  Specialty trade contractors... 4,792.7  4,459.4  4,492.7  4,569.3  4,876.5  4,768.4  4,750.8  4,731.8  4,695.5  4,665.4    -30.1
   Residential specialty trade
    contractors................. 2,275.4  2,031.0  2,038.7  2,066.5  2,318.2  2,201.1  2,176.2  2,164.2  2,138.8  2,116.4    -22.4
   Nonresidential specialty
    trade contractors........... 2,517.3  2,428.4  2,454.0  2,502.8  2,558.3  2,567.3  2,574.6  2,567.6  2,556.7  2,549.0     -7.7

Manufacturing...................  13,876   13,593   13,574   13,545   13,922   13,772   13,737   13,690   13,642   13,596      -46
   Production workers...........   9,954    9,797    9,789    9,763    9,987    9,933    9,922    9,879    9,847    9,803      -44

 Durable goods..................   8,841    8,640    8,625    8,598    8,847    8,739    8,718    8,685    8,651    8,608      -43
   Production workers...........   6,268    6,143    6,132    6,114    6,266    6,220    6,214    6,182    6,155    6,118      -37

  Wood products.................   518.2    487.1    484.7    485.9    523.1    507.2    503.5    498.6    493.6    491.5     -2.1
  Nonmetallic mineral products..   500.8    474.7    476.5    482.4    503.6    496.4    494.4    492.2    487.7    486.5     -1.2
  Primary metals................   460.6    451.8    451.7    453.1    459.3    452.2    452.3    451.4    451.6    451.7       .1
  Fabricated metal products..... 1,559.7  1,550.9  1,552.3  1,542.4  1,561.7  1,562.7  1,560.9  1,557.1  1,555.6  1,544.3    -11.3
  Machinery..................... 1,184.5  1,190.0  1,196.5  1,193.1  1,184.3  1,191.0  1,193.8  1,191.7  1,195.7  1,193.4     -2.3
  Computer and electronic
   products (1)................. 1,273.3  1,249.3  1,252.2  1,249.6  1,277.6  1,257.6  1,256.3  1,251.9  1,255.1  1,253.2     -1.9
   Computer and peripheral
    equipment...................   187.7    185.4    185.7    185.5    188.8    185.4    184.9    185.9    186.0    186.1       .1
   Communications equipment.....   127.9    128.7    129.2    130.3    128.1    129.0    129.5    128.7    129.6    130.6      1.0
   Semiconductors and electronic
    components..................   447.4    428.3    427.7    425.1    448.2    434.9    433.5    429.7    428.7    425.4     -3.3
   Electronic instruments.......   442.3    442.6    446.1    445.3    443.8    443.7    444.3    442.9    446.9    446.9       .0
  Electrical equipment and
   appliances...................   427.7    419.5    419.3    420.5    428.2    423.8    421.6    420.8    419.9    420.8       .9
  Transportation equipment (1).. 1,732.8  1,672.9  1,651.6  1,634.6  1,725.3  1,684.7  1,678.1  1,672.0  1,648.1  1,629.1    -19.0
   Motor vehicles and parts (2). 1,022.1    951.8    929.5    914.9  1,012.8    962.6    956.6    950.4    925.7    908.6    -17.1
  Furniture and related products   540.4    511.4    510.0    507.7    539.8    523.8    520.4    516.0    511.8    507.7     -4.1
  Miscellaneous manufacturing...   643.4    632.1    630.5    628.2    644.0    639.9    636.4    633.3    631.8    629.4     -2.4

 Nondurable goods...............   5,035    4,953    4,949    4,947    5,075    5,033    5,019    5,005    4,991    4,988       -3
   Production workers...........   3,686    3,654    3,657    3,649    3,721    3,713    3,708    3,697    3,692    3,685       -7

  Food manufacturing............ 1,444.0  1,454.6  1,449.6  1,448.2  1,475.0  1,486.3  1,483.2  1,482.7  1,477.9  1,479.6      1.7
  Beverages and tobacco products   191.7    184.1    185.5    187.7    195.9    192.0    191.1    189.3    191.0    191.8       .8
  Textile mills.................   172.7    160.5    159.0    155.8    172.6    163.0    162.0    161.4    158.4    156.0     -2.4
  Textile product mills.........   161.0    151.9    153.4    154.3    159.8    155.7    154.0    153.0    153.3    153.1      -.2
  Apparel.......................   217.6    198.7    198.2    197.3    217.5    204.8    202.0    200.6    198.4    197.1     -1.3
  Leather and allied products...    34.0     33.4     33.7     34.0     33.9     33.7     34.5     33.5     33.5     33.8       .3
  Paper and paper products......   459.0    456.0    455.4    456.5    461.4    460.3    459.0    457.8    457.9    458.8       .9
  Printing and related support
   activities...................   623.6    610.0    612.8    612.2    625.4    619.5    620.1    614.6    614.4    614.3      -.1
  Petroleum and coal products...   113.5    109.3    109.7    110.9    114.0    111.7    112.2    112.5    111.9    111.4      -.5
  Chemicals.....................   859.3    858.9    859.3    858.6    860.5    862.0    861.2    861.0    860.4    859.9      -.5
  Plastics and rubber products..   758.7    735.7    732.4    731.4    759.2    744.2    739.7    738.7    733.8    731.9     -1.9

    Service-providing........... 115,242  115,179  115,711  116,327  115,056  116,102  116,095  116,103  116,110  116,200       90

     Private service-providing..  92,678   92,485   92,920   93,539   92,895   93,769   93,759   93,741   93,734   93,815       81

Trade, transportation, and
 utilities......................  26,368   26,186   26,265   26,299   26,571   26,658   26,631   26,579   26,560   26,524      -36

 Wholesale trade................ 5,990.6  6,008.1  6,024.0  6,030.0  5,999.8  6,072.9  6,067.3  6,057.6  6,054.1  6,043.5    -10.6
  Durable goods................. 3,114.1  3,108.1  3,116.5  3,111.6  3,117.6  3,145.0  3,138.0  3,127.3  3,127.8  3,117.3    -10.5
  Nondurable goods.............. 2,050.8  2,062.4  2,071.6  2,082.7  2,055.8  2,089.3  2,090.9  2,088.4  2,087.8  2,089.3      1.5
  Electronic markets and agents
   and brokers..................   825.7    837.6    835.9    835.7    826.4    838.6    838.4    841.9    838.5    836.9     -1.6

 Retail trade...................15,314.1 15,140.1 15,186.4 15,193.8 15,487.0 15,487.8 15,472.2 15,428.8 15,409.5 15,382.7    -26.8
  Motor vehicle and parts
   dealers (1).................. 1,916.4  1,881.2  1,890.8  1,899.6  1,916.9  1,909.3  1,910.2  1,905.1  1,903.6  1,900.8     -2.8
   Automobile dealers........... 1,246.2  1,226.3  1,229.8  1,229.7  1,246.8  1,244.6  1,244.0  1,236.2  1,235.0  1,231.5     -3.5
  Furniture and home furnishings
   stores.......................   576.9    571.0    563.0    564.3    581.5    584.5    579.9    575.9    570.4    569.9      -.5
  Electronics and appliance
   stores.......................   543.9    530.4    530.9    530.1    550.3    540.4    534.3    533.6    533.9    535.5      1.6
  Building material and garden
   supply stores................ 1,350.4  1,206.2  1,230.0  1,266.7  1,318.0  1,271.6  1,266.0  1,258.5  1,249.3  1,237.0    -12.3
  Food and beverage stores...... 2,810.5  2,860.7  2,862.6  2,857.8  2,835.1  2,871.9  2,880.1  2,885.7  2,888.4  2,884.0     -4.4
  Health and personal care
   stores.......................   980.3    989.1    988.6    981.5    988.1    999.9  1,000.6    993.5    993.8    990.9     -2.9
  Gasoline stations.............   856.9    842.2    845.7    846.7    862.3    850.5    853.8    854.2    855.4    852.5     -2.9
  Clothing and clothing
   accessories stores........... 1,447.1  1,435.7  1,448.0  1,447.5  1,492.4  1,508.6  1,498.2  1,496.3  1,499.2  1,498.2     -1.0
  Sporting goods, hobby, book,
   and music stores.............   635.6    655.1    641.9    629.1    654.0    661.6    667.2    661.9    656.6    651.6     -5.0
  General merchandise 
   stores (1)................... 2,921.7  2,878.7  2,907.1  2,891.1  2,984.9  2,976.7  2,971.1  2,955.7  2,951.7  2,953.7      2.0
   Department stores............ 1,529.0  1,497.0  1,497.1  1,473.2  1,581.7  1,568.4  1,564.3  1,543.3  1,536.6  1,528.3     -8.3
  Miscellaneous store retailers.   851.9    852.7    843.7    849.7    867.4    866.3    869.4    865.3    864.2    865.1       .9
  Nonstore retailers............   422.5    437.1    434.1    429.7    436.1    446.5    441.4    443.1    443.0    443.5       .5

 Transportation and warehousing. 4,512.4  4,483.8  4,499.7  4,518.2  4,532.8  4,539.9  4,534.5  4,535.5  4,539.2  4,540.4      1.2
  Air transportation............   490.8    504.3    505.1    504.4    493.1    502.1    504.7    508.2    507.7    506.3     -1.4
  Rail transportation...........   235.0    231.8    232.4    234.3    235.1    232.5    233.8    233.7    233.9    234.3       .4
  Water transportation..........    62.0     59.5     58.8     59.8     62.8     64.4     63.8     62.5     61.6     61.2      -.4
  Truck transportation.......... 1,430.8  1,382.8  1,396.2  1,400.5  1,447.0  1,423.1  1,422.5  1,417.4  1,421.2  1,416.8     -4.4
  Transit and ground passenger
   transportation...............   420.7    426.3    427.4    433.2    407.3    411.8    411.9    413.5    414.1    418.4      4.3
  Pipeline transportation.......    39.4     40.9     41.0     40.8     39.6     40.8     40.6     40.9     41.0     41.0       .0
  Scenic and sightseeing
   transportation...............    25.5     24.3     25.7     27.5     29.0     31.3     31.0     31.5     31.5     31.0      -.5
  Support activities for
   transportation...............   582.1    583.6    583.4    586.6    581.1    587.1    584.9    585.9    585.9    586.3       .4
  Couriers and messengers.......   574.8    581.1    578.6    576.9    580.2    588.1    585.5    586.0    584.3    583.5      -.8
  Warehousing and storage.......   651.3    649.2    651.1    654.2    657.6    658.7    655.8    655.9    658.0    661.6      3.6

 Utilities......................   550.4    553.5    554.7    556.5    551.3    557.1    557.1    557.0    557.4    557.4       .0

Information.....................   3,030    3,006    3,007    3,007    3,034    3,018    3,014    3,016    3,013    3,011       -2
  Publishing industries, except
   Internet.....................   897.8    885.6    882.2    884.1    900.5    889.7    889.2    886.8    883.3    886.7      3.4
  Motion picture and sound
   recording industries.........   381.2    371.0    378.8    380.6    385.4    376.3    372.9    380.1    383.0    382.8      -.2
  Broadcasting, except Internet.   327.4    321.8    321.5    319.3    327.9    321.9    323.0    322.1    322.4    320.0     -2.4
  Telecommunications............ 1,028.9  1,023.5  1,019.6  1,019.0  1,028.6  1,026.8  1,025.3  1,022.0  1,019.9  1,019.3      -.6
  Data processing, hosting and
   related services.............   271.0    273.4    273.6    272.9    268.7    273.5    273.0    274.2    272.3    271.2     -1.1
  Other information services....   123.5    130.7    131.6    131.1    123.1    129.3    130.5    131.2    131.9    130.8     -1.1

Financial activities............   8,291    8,184    8,189    8,201    8,315    8,252    8,244    8,231    8,227    8,230        3
 Finance and insurance.......... 6,137.8  6,096.7  6,101.2  6,098.2  6,145.7  6,111.2  6,106.2  6,102.2  6,104.4  6,109.0      4.6
  Monetary authorities - central
   bank.........................    21.4     20.9     20.9     21.1     21.4     20.7     20.7     20.9     21.0     21.1       .1
  Credit intermediation and
   related activities (1)....... 2,896.7  2,821.4  2,813.4  2,808.0  2,898.1  2,829.2  2,825.0  2,820.4  2,812.7  2,811.1     -1.6
   Depository credit
    intermediation (1).......... 1,810.8  1,821.5  1,820.1  1,820.3  1,814.7  1,824.6  1,821.5  1,823.3  1,822.5  1,825.3      2.8
    Commercial banking.......... 1,337.8  1,343.6  1,343.2  1,343.1  1,338.6  1,345.9  1,342.2  1,344.9  1,343.6  1,344.7      1.1
  Securities, commodity
   contracts, investments.......   838.5    861.4    865.2    865.1    840.8    856.7    859.2    862.5    865.4    867.6      2.2
  Insurance carriers and related
   activities................... 2,294.4  2,305.7  2,314.6  2,317.1  2,298.2  2,316.8  2,313.9  2,311.1  2,318.5  2,321.7      3.2
  Funds, trusts, and other
   financial vehicles...........    86.8     87.3     87.1     86.9     87.2     87.8     87.4     87.3     86.8     87.5       .7
 Real estate and rental and
  leasing....................... 2,153.3  2,086.9  2,087.4  2,102.6  2,168.9  2,140.6  2,138.0  2,128.6  2,122.4  2,121.3     -1.1
  Real estate................... 1,489.8  1,438.7  1,437.5  1,450.4  1,497.7  1,476.4  1,471.4  1,466.0  1,459.9  1,461.3      1.4
  Rental and leasing services...   635.4    617.1    618.4    620.4    642.8    633.6    635.2    631.0    630.4    627.9     -2.5
  Lessors of nonfinancial
   intangible assets............    28.1     31.1     31.5     31.8     28.4     30.6     31.4     31.6     32.1     32.1       .0

Professional and business
 services.......................  17,858   17,753   17,798   18,001   17,903   18,131   18,101   18,073   18,029   18,068       39
 Professional and technical
  services (1).................. 7,661.5  7,905.1  7,891.1  7,916.3  7,598.1  7,820.5  7,819.2  7,829.2  7,830.9  7,857.7     26.8
   Legal services............... 1,173.5  1,166.1  1,165.4  1,163.8  1,179.5  1,173.9  1,173.0  1,174.9  1,172.3  1,170.6     -1.7
   Accounting and bookkeeping
    services.................... 1,025.5  1,132.5  1,100.9  1,094.2    926.8    993.3    992.3    991.9    988.7    997.8      9.1
   Architectural and engineering
    services.................... 1,411.6  1,441.5  1,441.4  1,447.8  1,424.6  1,460.4  1,460.5  1,463.0  1,461.0  1,462.1      1.1
   Computer systems design and
    related services............ 1,342.1  1,388.8  1,388.6  1,399.5  1,345.4  1,391.4  1,391.6  1,393.5  1,393.1  1,403.3     10.2
   Management and technical
    consulting services.........   939.2    982.8    989.9  1,001.4    942.0    994.3    989.2    992.7    998.3  1,004.5      6.2
 Management of companies and
  enterprises................... 1,835.5  1,832.7  1,831.3  1,831.4  1,839.4  1,847.8  1,845.5  1,844.7  1,842.6  1,841.8      -.8
 Administrative and waste
  services...................... 8,360.5  8,014.7  8,075.4  8,252.9  8,465.4  8,462.8  8,436.2  8,398.6  8,355.0  8,368.9     13.9
  Administrative and support
   services (1)................. 8,008.9  7,659.6  7,717.8  7,890.7  8,111.6  8,099.3  8,070.8  8,036.1  7,991.2  8,004.3     13.1
   Employment services (1)...... 3,543.2  3,335.0  3,353.0  3,387.7  3,637.4  3,566.9  3,562.1  3,531.6  3,486.8  3,486.5      -.3
    Temporary help services..... 2,553.1  2,381.4  2,396.9  2,420.4  2,626.9  2,578.5  2,574.6  2,536.8  2,511.8  2,502.5     -9.3
   Business support services....   807.2    798.5    798.7    796.3    806.6    803.7    797.4    796.6    795.5    796.4       .9
   Services to buildings and
    dwellings................... 1,840.4  1,693.6  1,723.3  1,852.3  1,842.9  1,872.0  1,861.3  1,859.7  1,853.2  1,858.8      5.6
  Waste management and
   remediation services.........   351.6    355.1    357.6    362.2    353.8    363.5    365.4    362.5    363.8    364.6       .8

Education and health services...  18,369   18,773   18,855   18,926   18,211   18,568   18,617   18,665   18,708   18,760       52
 Educational services........... 3,082.4  3,159.9  3,179.6  3,190.0  2,926.3  2,984.5  3,003.4  3,009.6  3,016.8  3,025.9      9.1
 Health care and social
  assistance....................15,286.7 15,612.7 15,675.6 15,735.8 15,284.9 15,583.2 15,613.6 15,655.0 15,691.1 15,734.4     43.3
  Health care (3)...............12,846.6 13,126.8 13,169.9 13,212.0 12,872.7 13,109.6 13,135.6 13,172.7 13,200.5 13,237.4     36.9
   Ambulatory health care
    services (1)................ 5,431.9  5,579.8  5,601.8  5,629.7  5,438.5  5,566.0  5,581.7  5,600.0  5,614.0  5,635.7     21.7
    Offices of physicians....... 2,186.8  2,241.9  2,246.3  2,254.9  2,192.2  2,235.6  2,240.8  2,248.2  2,252.0  2,259.6      7.6
    Outpatient care centers.....   506.3    511.6    511.6    513.9    505.7    513.0    511.5    512.0    511.4    513.4      2.0
    Home health care services...   900.5    933.1    940.0    947.9    902.4    930.9    934.7    939.5    943.4    950.1      6.7
   Hospitals.................... 4,475.1  4,580.4  4,594.7  4,600.9  4,488.4  4,572.4  4,579.3  4,592.8  4,604.3  4,613.7      9.4
   Nursing and residential care
    facilities (1).............. 2,939.6  2,966.6  2,973.4  2,981.4  2,945.8  2,971.2  2,974.6  2,979.9  2,982.2  2,988.0      5.8
    Nursing care facilities..... 1,597.1  1,605.4  1,604.4  1,608.9  1,601.4  1,608.2  1,608.8  1,613.3  1,609.1  1,613.3      4.2
  Social assistance (1)......... 2,440.1  2,485.9  2,505.7  2,523.8  2,412.2  2,473.6  2,478.0  2,482.3  2,490.6  2,497.0      6.4
   Child day care services......   865.8    866.1    875.3    882.0    846.5    857.1    859.2    858.6    861.6    862.6      1.0

Leisure and hospitality.........  13,272   13,110   13,299   13,573   13,375   13,635   13,644   13,660   13,677   13,695       18
 Arts, entertainment, and
  recreation.................... 1,908.2  1,813.2  1,858.5  1,963.1  1,959.3  2,010.3  2,016.1  2,019.1  2,020.7  2,018.5     -2.2
  Performing arts and spectator
   sports.......................   409.0    401.8    408.6    435.8    403.3    429.9    429.5    431.0    432.1    431.0     -1.1
  Museums, historical sites,
   zoos, and parks..............   125.5    119.4    123.9    128.1    128.2    131.5    132.6    131.7    132.6    131.5     -1.1
  Amusements, gambling, and
   recreation................... 1,373.7  1,292.0  1,326.0  1,399.2  1,427.8  1,448.9  1,454.0  1,456.4  1,456.0  1,456.0       .0
 Accommodation and food services11,364.2 11,296.6 11,440.9 11,610.1 11,415.9 11,624.7 11,628.0 11,640.7 11,656.7 11,676.8     20.1
  Accommodation................. 1,810.1  1,774.1  1,792.4  1,805.4  1,855.9  1,858.1  1,854.9  1,854.4  1,851.9  1,854.0      2.1
  Food services and drinking
   places....................... 9,554.1  9,522.5  9,648.5  9,804.7  9,560.0  9,766.6  9,773.1  9,786.3  9,804.8  9,822.8     18.0

Other services..................   5,490    5,473    5,507    5,532    5,486    5,507    5,508    5,517    5,520    5,527        7
  Repair and maintenance........ 1,262.4  1,245.7  1,252.8  1,262.6  1,256.3  1,255.5  1,252.9  1,255.2  1,253.4  1,256.7      3.3
  Personal and laundry services. 1,312.6  1,289.7  1,303.1  1,315.8  1,305.6  1,306.9  1,306.6  1,306.4  1,308.9  1,308.8      -.1
  Membership associations and
   organizations................ 2,914.7  2,937.8  2,950.9  2,953.9  2,924.2  2,944.4  2,948.9  2,955.6  2,957.9  2,961.6      3.7

Government......................  22,564   22,694   22,791   22,788   22,161   22,333   22,336   22,362   22,376   22,385        9
 Federal........................   2,719    2,703    2,710    2,722    2,729    2,735    2,717    2,725    2,727    2,731        4
  Federal, except U.S. Postal
   Service...................... 1,958.2  1,968.4  1,976.5  1,987.0  1,964.5  1,972.3  1,977.3  1,982.9  1,986.3  1,990.4      4.1
  U.S. Postal Service...........   760.8    734.5    733.7    735.3    764.7    763.1    739.7    741.6    740.8    740.5      -.3
 State government...............   5,260    5,279    5,307    5,303    5,117    5,153    5,159    5,158    5,160    5,161        1
  State government education.... 2,464.5  2,464.2  2,488.4  2,484.4  2,316.0  2,332.5  2,335.1  2,332.9  2,335.0  2,336.2      1.2
  State government, excluding
   education.................... 2,795.7  2,814.9  2,818.6  2,818.7  2,801.2  2,820.9  2,824.0  2,824.9  2,824.9  2,825.0       .1
 Local government...............  14,585   14,712   14,774   14,763   14,315   14,445   14,460   14,479   14,489   14,493        4
  Local government education.... 8,302.5  8,365.1  8,409.9  8,377.4  7,961.8  8,016.5  8,018.0  8,031.9  8,036.9  8,036.2      -.7
  Local government, excluding
   education.................... 6,282.8  6,346.6  6,364.5  6,385.9  6,353.6  6,428.2  6,441.5  6,447.5  6,451.7  6,457.2      5.5

   1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
   2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
   3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
   p = preliminary.
   NOTE:  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis
for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.  See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm
for more details.





 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                              ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2.  Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector
and selected industry detail

                                                   Not seasonally adjusted              Seasonally adjusted

                                                                                                                         Change
                  Industry                       Apr.   Feb.   Mar.   Apr.    Apr.   Dec.   Jan.   Feb.   Mar.   Apr.     from:
                                                 2007   2008   2008p  2008p   2007   2007   2008   2008   2008p  2008p  Mar. 2008-
                                                                                                                        Apr. 2008p


        Total private.........................   33.9   33.4   33.8   33.5    33.8   33.8   33.7   33.7   33.8   33.7      -0.1

    Goods-producing...........................   40.2   39.7   40.4   40.0    40.5   40.5   40.4   40.4   40.5   40.3       -.2

Natural resources and mining..................   45.6   45.1   45.7   44.1    45.8   45.8   45.7   45.7   46.2   44.4      -1.8

Construction..................................   38.4   37.5   38.5   38.3    38.9   39.0   38.8   38.7   38.9   38.8       -.1

Manufacturing.................................   41.0   40.7   41.1   40.8    41.1   41.1   41.1   41.1   41.2   40.9       -.3
   Overtime hours.............................    4.0    3.8    3.9    3.7     4.2    4.0    4.0    4.0    4.0    3.9       -.1

 Durable goods................................   41.2   41.0   41.4   41.1    41.3   41.3   41.4   41.4   41.4   41.2       -.2
   Overtime hours.............................    4.0    3.9    4.0    3.8     4.2    4.0    4.1    4.1    4.1    4.0       -.1

  Wood products...............................   39.5   37.9   38.2   38.0    39.6   39.2   39.0   39.0   38.5   38.1       -.4
  Nonmetallic mineral products................   42.2   40.7   42.5   41.8    42.3   41.5   42.2   42.1   43.0   42.0      -1.0
  Primary metals..............................   43.0   42.4   42.9   41.7    43.0   42.2   42.5   42.4   42.8   41.9       -.9
  Fabricated metal products...................   41.4   41.3   41.7   41.4    41.5   41.6   41.6   41.7   41.7   41.5       -.2
  Machinery...................................   42.5   42.8   42.9   42.6    42.5   42.9   43.1   43.0   42.8   42.6       -.2
  Computer and electronic products............   40.3   40.1   40.9   40.9    40.6   40.5   40.4   40.5   40.9   41.1        .2
  Electrical equipment and appliances.........   41.0   40.6   41.1   40.5    41.0   41.6   41.4   41.1   41.2   40.6       -.6
  Transportation equipment....................   42.4   42.7   42.5   42.0    42.3   42.1   42.6   42.9   42.4   42.0       -.4
   Motor vehicles and parts (2)...............   41.8   42.4   41.9   41.3    41.6   41.6   42.1   42.5   41.7   41.3       -.4
  Furniture and related products..............   38.6   37.7   38.5   38.5    38.9   39.1   38.3   38.2   38.7   38.8        .1
  Miscellaneous manufacturing.................   38.5   38.5   39.4   39.4    38.7   38.8   39.0   38.8   39.2   39.4        .2

 Nondurable goods.............................   40.8   40.1   40.5   40.3    40.9   40.8   40.6   40.6   40.7   40.5       -.2
   Overtime hours.............................    4.0    3.6    3.8    3.6     4.2    4.0    3.9    3.9    3.9    3.8       -.1

  Food manufacturing..........................   40.1   39.8   40.3   40.2    40.6   40.4   40.5   40.6   40.8   40.7       -.1
  Beverages and tobacco products..............   42.0   39.2   39.7   39.5    41.3   40.8   40.5   40.1   40.0   39.3       -.7
  Textile mills...............................   40.4   38.4   38.8   38.3    40.2   40.2   38.7   38.8   38.7   38.3       -.4
  Textile product mills.......................   39.9   39.1   39.4   38.6    39.9   39.9   38.6   39.3   39.2   38.7       -.5
  Apparel.....................................   37.3   36.7   37.1   36.8    37.2   37.5   36.7   36.8   36.9   36.7       -.2
  Leather and allied products.................   37.9   37.9   39.0   38.7    37.7   39.1   38.2   38.2   38.6   38.5       -.1
  Paper and paper products....................   42.9   43.3   43.4   43.1    43.0   44.0   44.0   43.9   43.7   43.3       -.4
  Printing and related support activities.....   39.3   38.2   38.7   38.3    39.3   38.8   38.4   38.2   38.6   38.4       -.2
  Petroleum and coal products.................   44.6   42.8   42.8   42.4    44.6   44.0   43.8   43.6   43.4   42.7       -.7
  Chemicals...................................   42.3   41.3   41.9   41.6    42.1   41.5   41.6   41.4   41.9   41.5       -.4
  Plastics and rubber products................   41.3   40.9   41.0   40.9    41.2   41.4   41.1   41.2   41.1   40.9       -.2

     Private service-providing................   32.6   32.1   32.5   32.2    32.4   32.4   32.4   32.3   32.4   32.4        .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities..........   33.3   32.9   33.3   33.0    33.3   33.3   33.4   33.3   33.4   33.3       -.1

 Wholesale trade..............................   38.6   37.9   38.6   38.2    38.1   38.3   38.4   38.2   38.4   38.3       -.1

 Retail trade.................................   30.1   29.7   30.0   29.7    30.2   30.1   30.2   30.1   30.1   30.1        .0

 Transportation and warehousing...............   36.8   36.1   36.7   36.5    36.8   36.8   36.6   36.7   36.8   36.9        .1

 Utilities....................................   42.5   42.6   43.1   42.7    42.4   42.8   43.1   42.8   43.4   42.6       -.8

Information...................................   36.9   36.0   36.7   36.2    36.6   36.3   36.3   36.2   36.5   36.4       -.1

Financial activities..........................   36.6   35.7   36.2   35.7    35.9   35.8   35.8   35.8   35.8   35.9        .1

Professional and business services............   35.1   34.4   35.1   34.7    34.7   34.8   34.7   34.6   34.8   34.7       -.1

Education and health services.................   32.7   32.5   32.7   32.4    32.6   32.6   32.6   32.6   32.7   32.6       -.1

Leisure and hospitality.......................   25.7   24.9   25.3   25.2    25.6   25.3   25.3   25.3   25.3   25.4        .1

Other services................................   31.0   30.6   30.9   30.7    31.0   30.8   30.8   30.8   30.9   30.8       -.1

   1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries.  These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
   2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
   p = preliminary.
   NOTE:  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the
basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.  See http://www.bls.gov/ces/
cesnaics07.htm for more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                          ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3.  Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail

                                                       Average hourly earnings                  Average weekly earnings

                  Industry                         Apr.      Feb.     Mar.      Apr.       Apr.      Feb.     Mar.      Apr.
                                                   2007      2008     2008p     2008p      2007      2008     2008p     2008p

        Total private........................... $17.36    $17.85    $17.93    $17.90    $588.50   $596.19   $606.03   $599.65
         Seasonally adjusted....................  17.29     17.81     17.87     17.88     584.40    600.20    604.01    602.56

    Goods-producing.............................  18.51     18.94     19.04     19.03     744.10    751.92    769.22    761.20

Natural resources and mining....................  20.94     21.87     22.25     21.66     954.86    986.34   1016.83    955.21

Construction....................................  20.64     21.35     21.44     21.48     792.58    800.63    825.44    822.68

Manufacturing...................................  17.21     17.55     17.60     17.58     705.61    714.29    723.36    717.26

 Durable goods..................................  18.11     18.50     18.53     18.50     746.13    758.50    767.14    760.35
  Wood products.................................  13.59     13.82     13.91     13.98     536.81    523.78    531.36    531.24
  Nonmetallic mineral products..................  16.82     16.86     16.78     17.15     709.80    686.20    713.15    716.87
  Primary metals................................  19.72     19.99     20.21     20.07     847.96    847.58    867.01    836.92
  Fabricated metal products.....................  16.41     16.78     16.86     16.77     679.37    693.01    703.06    694.28
  Machinery.....................................  17.71     17.81     17.87     17.94     752.68    762.27    766.62    764.24
  Computer and electronic products..............  19.77     20.60     20.81     20.87     796.73    826.06    851.13    853.58
  Electrical equipment and appliances...........  15.99     15.73     15.66     15.67     655.59    638.64    643.63    634.64
  Transportation equipment......................  22.90     23.48     23.47     23.35     970.96   1002.60    997.48    980.70
  Furniture and related products................  14.38     14.37     14.42     14.35     555.07    541.75    555.17    552.48
  Miscellaneous manufacturing...................  14.39     14.95     15.04     14.94     554.02    575.58    592.58    588.64

 Nondurable goods...............................  15.66     15.93     16.01     16.01     638.93    638.79    648.41    645.20
  Food manufacturing............................  13.49     13.74     13.82     13.81     540.95    546.85    556.95    555.16
  Beverages and tobacco products................  18.43     19.64     19.60     19.21     774.06    769.89    778.12    758.80
  Textile mills.................................  13.00     13.35     13.45     13.76     525.20    512.64    521.86    527.01
  Textile product mills.........................  11.72     11.62     11.80     11.77     467.63    454.34    464.92    454.32
  Apparel.......................................  10.92     11.46     11.25     11.39     407.32    420.58    417.38    419.15
  Leather and allied products...................  11.88     12.68     12.81     12.65     450.25    480.57    499.59    489.56
  Paper and paper products......................  18.48     18.61     18.70     18.62     792.79    805.81    811.58    802.52
  Printing and related support activities.......  16.01     16.49     16.67     16.71     629.19    629.92    645.13    639.99
  Petroleum and coal products...................  25.11     26.51     27.25     26.93    1119.91   1134.63   1166.30   1141.83
  Chemicals.....................................  19.72     19.40     19.34     19.30     834.16    801.22    810.35    802.88
  Plastics and rubber products..................  15.35     15.58     15.73     15.79     633.96    637.22    644.93    645.81

     Private service-providing..................  17.07     17.58     17.66     17.62     556.48    564.32    573.95    567.36

Trade, transportation, and utilities............  15.79     16.08     16.15     16.17     525.81    529.03    537.80    533.61

 Wholesale trade................................  19.54     20.03     20.05     20.00     754.24    759.14    773.93    764.00

 Retail trade...................................  12.82     12.82     12.90     12.98     385.88    380.75    387.00    385.51

 Transportation and warehousing.................  17.53     18.14     18.18     18.12     645.10    654.85    667.21    661.38

 Utilities......................................  27.82     28.61     28.82     28.53    1182.35   1218.79   1242.14   1218.23

Information.....................................  23.95     24.44     24.58     24.59     883.76    879.84    902.09    890.16

Financial activities............................  19.65     20.07     20.18     20.16     719.19    716.50    730.52    719.71

Professional and business services..............  20.12     20.77     20.96     20.83     706.21    714.49    735.70    722.80

Education and health services...................  17.92     18.58     18.61     18.67     585.98    603.85    608.55    604.91

Leisure and hospitality.........................  10.31     10.82     10.80     10.77     264.97    269.42    273.24    271.40

Other services..................................  15.43     15.78     15.85     15.82     478.33    482.87    489.77    485.67

   1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
   p = preliminary.
   NOTE:  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the
basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.  See http://www.bls.gov/ces/
cesnaics07.htm for more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                             ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4.  Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

                                                                                                       Percent
                  Industry                         Apr.     Dec.     Jan.     Feb.    Mar.     Apr.  change from:
                                                   2007     2007     2008     2008    2008p    2008p  Mar. 2008-
                                                                                                      Apr. 2008p
        Total private:
         Current dollars........................ $17.29   $17.70   $17.75   $17.81   $17.87   $17.88      0.1
         Constant (1982) dollars (2)............   8.33     8.27     8.26     8.29     8.28     N.A.      (3)

    Goods-producing.............................  18.56    18.90    18.98    19.04    19.12    19.08      -.2

Natural resources and mining....................  20.78    21.54    21.75    21.69    22.01    21.51     -2.3

Construction....................................  20.76    21.30    21.38    21.47    21.57    21.60       .1

Manufacturing...................................  17.20    17.41    17.49    17.55    17.61    17.57      -.2
   Excluding overtime (4).......................  16.36    16.60    16.68    16.74    16.79    16.77      -.1

 Durable goods..................................  18.13    18.33    18.41    18.49    18.54    18.52      -.1

 Nondurable goods...............................  15.62    15.86    15.92    15.94    16.03    15.97      -.4

     Private service-providing..................  16.96    17.39    17.44    17.50    17.55    17.58       .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............  15.66    16.00    16.02    16.07    16.11    16.12       .1

 Wholesale trade................................  19.39    19.93    19.97    20.00    20.03    20.05       .1

 Retail trade...................................  12.71    12.81    12.80    12.84    12.87    12.90       .2

 Transportation and warehousing.................  17.57    18.07    18.10    18.21    18.22    18.18      -.2

 Utilities......................................  27.64    28.52    28.61    28.58    28.70    28.39     -1.1

Information.....................................  23.84    24.18    24.33    24.41    24.54    24.55       .0

Financial activities............................  19.56    19.91    20.00    20.05    20.10    20.12       .1

Professional and business services..............  19.96    20.46    20.53    20.63    20.75    20.82       .3

Education and health services...................  17.90    18.48    18.54    18.59    18.61    18.67       .3

Leisure and hospitality.........................  10.30    10.65    10.67    10.73    10.76    10.77       .1

Other services..................................  15.29    15.71    15.74    15.76    15.78    15.78       .0

   1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
   2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this
series.
   3 Change was -.1 percent from Feb. 2008 to Mar. 2008, the latest month available.
   4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
   N.A. = not available.
   p = preliminary.
   NOTE:  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing
NAICS 2002.  See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                               ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5.  Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail

(2002=100)

                                                   Not seasonally adjusted              Seasonally adjusted

                                                                                                                         Percent
                  Industry                      Apr.   Feb.   Mar.   Apr.    Apr.   Dec.   Jan.   Feb.   Mar.   Apr.   change from:
                                                2007   2008   2008p  2008p   2007   2007   2008   2008   2008p  2008p   Mar. 2008-
                                                                                                                        Apr. 2008p

        Total private.........................  106.7  104.5  106.3  106.1   106.8  107.8  107.4  107.3  107.6  107.2      -0.4

    Goods-producing...........................   99.7   94.9   96.9   96.4   101.5  100.6  100.1   99.6   99.5   98.3      -1.2

Natural resources and mining..................  129.9  130.4  134.3  129.8   132.2  135.6  136.0  135.8  138.5  132.4      -4.4

Construction..................................  110.3   99.5  103.2  104.5   114.5  112.7  111.4  110.3  110.4  108.7      -1.5

Manufacturing.................................   93.7   91.5   92.3   91.4    94.2   93.7   93.6   93.2   93.1   92.0      -1.2

 Durable goods................................   97.0   94.6   95.4   94.4    97.2   96.5   96.6   96.1   95.7   94.7      -1.0
  Wood products...............................   90.1   80.1   80.5   80.5    91.3   86.9   85.7   84.9   83.0   81.8      -1.4
  Nonmetallic mineral products................   95.9   88.8   93.9   93.4    96.8   94.4   96.8   95.7   97.5   94.7      -2.9
  Primary metals..............................   92.5   90.3   91.5   89.5    92.1   89.6   90.3   89.9   91.2   89.6      -1.8
  Fabricated metal products...................  103.7  103.2  104.4  102.6   104.1  104.8  104.9  104.6  104.4  102.9      -1.4
  Machinery...................................  102.5  104.7  105.0  104.3   102.5  105.0  105.8  105.4  104.8  104.3       -.5
  Computer and electronic products............  101.1  100.4  102.8  102.6   102.2  101.7  101.5  101.8  103.0  103.4        .4
  Electrical equipment and appliances.........   88.4   86.4   87.8   86.7    88.5   89.2   88.5   87.8   88.2   87.1      -1.2
  Transportation equipment....................   98.2   95.5   93.7   91.7    97.3   95.2   95.8   95.9   93.3   91.2      -2.3
   Motor vehicles and parts(2)................   87.4   82.0   78.9   76.2    85.9   81.6   81.9   82.0   78.2   75.4      -3.6
  Furniture and related products..............   86.4   79.1   80.5   80.0    86.7   84.2   82.0   80.9   81.2   80.6       -.7
  Miscellaneous manufacturing.................   90.5   88.7   90.7   90.4    91.0   91.0   91.2   89.5   90.5   90.5        .0

 Nondurable goods.............................   88.6   86.3   87.3   86.6    89.7   89.3   88.7   88.4   88.5   87.9       -.7
  Food manufacturing..........................   96.6   97.0   98.2   97.5   100.2  101.0  101.0  101.1  101.6  101.2       -.4
  Beverages and tobacco products..............  103.7   82.3   84.6   85.1   104.8   92.3   89.4   87.1   88.8   86.9      -2.1
  Textile mills...............................   57.5   51.1   51.3   48.9    57.3   53.8   51.7   51.6   50.7   49.0      -3.4
  Textile product mills.......................   79.5   72.6   74.6   74.1    79.1   76.4   72.7   73.5   74.1   73.5       -.8
  Apparel.....................................   62.2   57.0   57.1   56.8    62.1   60.3   58.2   57.8   56.9   56.6       -.5
  Leather and allied products.................   68.1   69.3   71.4   72.1    67.5   71.5   71.9   70.4   70.1   71.5       2.0
  Paper and paper products....................   84.9   85.8   86.2   85.8    85.8   87.9   87.9   87.4   87.3   86.8       -.6
  Printing and related support activities.....   91.7   88.5   90.1   88.5    92.1   90.6   90.2   89.1   90.0   89.2       -.9
  Petroleum and coal products.................   92.0   93.0   92.2   93.8    93.1   95.1   96.8   98.2   96.5   95.5      -1.0
  Chemicals...................................   94.4   95.0   96.9   96.2    93.9   95.6   96.0   95.5   96.9   95.9      -1.0
  Plastics and rubber products................   91.3   88.1   87.9   87.3    91.0   90.1   89.0   89.1   88.2   87.3      -1.0

    Private service-providing.................  108.7  107.0  108.9  108.7   108.3  109.7  109.7  109.3  109.7  109.8        .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities..........  103.3  101.8  103.4  102.6   104.2  105.1  105.3  104.8  105.0  104.5       -.5

 Wholesale trade..............................  109.3  108.6  111.1  110.1   108.1  111.1  111.3  110.6  111.2  110.8       -.4

 Retail trade.................................   99.9   97.5   98.8   97.8   101.5  101.4  101.6  100.9  100.7  100.5       -.2

 Transportation and warehousing...............  108.0  106.3  108.5  108.5   108.6  109.5  108.9  109.5  109.9  110.3        .4

 Utilities....................................   95.7   96.6   98.1   97.7    95.8   97.5   98.7   97.7   99.3   97.6      -1.7

Information...................................  100.9   98.7  100.8   99.2   100.2   99.7   99.9   99.6  100.3   99.9       -.4

Financial activities..........................  110.3  107.2  108.8  107.5   108.6  108.2  108.2  108.2  108.2  108.5        .3

Professional and business services............  115.7  112.6  115.2  115.4   114.7  116.7  116.1  115.5  115.8  115.8        .0

Education and health services.................  113.1  115.1  116.3  115.7   111.8  114.1  114.5  114.8  115.4  115.4        .0

Leisure and hospitality.......................  110.3  105.2  108.6  110.7   110.8  111.6  111.6  111.8  111.9  112.6        .6

Other services................................   99.4   97.9   99.5   99.4    99.4   99.2   99.3   99.5   99.9   99.6       -.3

   1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
   2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
   p = preliminary.
   NOTE:  The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours
by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels.  Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average
weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
   Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for
the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.  See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for
more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                               ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6.  Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail

(2002=100)

                                                   Not seasonally adjusted              Seasonally adjusted

                                                                                                                         Percent
                  Industry                      Apr.   Feb.   Mar.   Apr.    Apr.   Dec.   Jan.   Feb.   Mar.   Apr.   change from:
                                                2007   2008   2008p  2008p   2007   2007   2008   2008   2008p  2008p   Mar. 2008-
                                                                                                                        Apr. 2008p

        Total private.........................  123.8  124.6  127.3  126.8   123.4  127.5  127.4  127.7  128.4  128.1      -0.2

    Goods-producing...........................  113.0  110.1  113.0  112.3   115.4  116.5  116.4  116.1  116.5  114.8      -1.5

Natural resources and mining..................  158.2  165.8  173.8  163.5   159.7  169.8  172.0  171.2  177.2  165.6      -6.5

Construction..................................  123.0  114.7  119.5  121.2   128.3  129.6  128.6  127.9  128.5  126.8      -1.3

Manufacturing.................................  105.4  105.0  106.3  105.1   106.0  106.7  107.1  107.0  107.2  105.7      -1.4

 Durable goods................................  109.7  109.3  110.3  109.0   110.0  110.4  111.1  111.0  110.8  109.5      -1.2

 Nondurable goods.............................   98.1   97.2   98.7   98.0    99.0  100.0   99.8   99.6  100.3   99.2      -1.1

    Private service-providing.................  127.2  129.0  131.9  131.4   126.0  130.8  131.2  131.2  132.0  132.3        .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities..........  116.4  116.7  119.1  118.3   116.4  119.9  120.3  120.1  120.7  120.2       -.4

 Wholesale trade..............................  125.8  128.2  131.2  129.7   123.5  130.4  130.9  130.3  131.3  130.8       -.4

 Retail trade.................................  109.7  107.1  109.3  108.8   110.6  111.3  111.4  111.0  111.1  111.1        .0

 Transportation and warehousing...............  120.1  122.3  125.1  124.8   121.0  125.5  125.1  126.4  127.0  127.2        .2

 Utilities....................................  111.2  115.3  118.0  116.3   110.5  116.1  117.8  116.5  119.0  115.7      -2.8

Information...................................  119.6  119.4  122.7  120.8   118.3  119.4  120.3  120.3  121.8  121.4       -.3

Financial activities..........................  134.0  133.0  135.8  133.9   131.4  133.2  133.8  134.1  134.5  135.0        .4

Professional and business services............  138.5  139.2  143.7  143.0   136.3  142.1  141.8  141.8  143.0  143.5        .3

Education and health services.................  133.2  140.5  142.3  142.0   131.5  138.6  139.5  140.3  141.2  141.7        .4

Leisure and hospitality.......................  129.2  129.3  133.2  135.4   129.7  135.0  135.2  136.2  136.7  137.7        .7

Other services................................  111.8  112.5  114.9  114.6   110.7  113.6  113.9  114.2  114.8  114.5       -.3

   1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
   p = preliminary.
   NOTE:  The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate
payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels.  Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of
average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
   Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for
the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.  See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for
more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                              ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7.  Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

       Time span           Jan.     Feb.     Mar.     Apr.      May     June     July     Aug.    Sept.     Oct.     Nov.     Dec.

                                                        Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries (1)

Over 1-month span:
     2004 ..............   50.5     50.5     64.1     62.6     61.7     58.9     56.0     50.0     56.9     56.9     51.3     51.8
     2005 ..............   52.2     60.6     54.2     58.2     55.8     58.2     58.0     61.3     54.7     53.6     62.4     54.7
     2006 ..............   65.1     60.9     64.4     59.3     53.3     52.7     60.4     58.9     53.5     55.8     57.1     56.0
     2007 ..............   51.6     51.8     52.7     51.1     56.6     50.4     52.2     51.6     56.4     54.6     48.2     48.5
     2008 ..............   45.4     41.4    p48.0    p45.4

Over 3-month span:
     2004 ..............   54.4     52.9     57.3     63.5     68.8     66.6     61.3     56.4     57.7     59.5     61.9     54.6
     2005 ..............   52.2     55.5     57.5     60.8     58.9     61.9     60.4     63.9     61.1     54.4     54.9     61.3
     2006 ..............   67.2     66.2     66.6     65.5     60.6     58.2     56.0     58.9     55.7     56.4     57.1     58.4
     2007 ..............   58.4     54.7     55.3     54.7     56.2     53.3     53.1     54.7     58.4     56.8     54.7     52.4
     2008 ..............   46.7     42.7    p41.4    p42.9

Over 6-month span:
     2004 ..............   50.0     51.6     55.3     60.9     63.7     65.1     65.1     63.9     60.4     61.7     58.2     56.0
     2005 ..............   54.6     57.3     56.8     57.5     57.5     58.2     64.4     62.8     62.0     59.3     61.5     62.0
     2006 ..............   63.1     64.4     67.2     67.0     64.4     66.4     61.5     61.7     60.4     59.7     60.8     56.0
     2007 ..............   59.1     56.4     57.5     56.8     58.8     58.2     56.2     58.0     58.2     57.1     54.6     53.8
     2008 ..............   51.5     49.8    p44.9    p46.5

Over 12-month span:
     2004 ..............   40.5     42.3     45.1     48.9     51.3     58.2     57.5     55.7     57.3     58.8     60.6     60.8
     2005 ..............   60.6     60.8     59.7     58.9     58.0     60.0     60.9     63.3     60.4     58.9     59.5     61.7
     2006 ..............   67.2     65.1     65.5     62.6     64.8     66.4     64.4     64.4     66.2     65.1     64.4     65.5
     2007 ..............   62.6     59.1     60.4     58.9     59.5     58.4     57.5     58.8     61.7     60.4     59.9     57.7
     2008 ..............   53.8     54.6    p51.8    p49.8

                                                        Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries (1)

Over 1-month span:
     2004 ..............   43.5     47.6     47.0     63.7     50.6     51.2     58.3     42.9     42.9     48.2     42.3     39.9
     2005 ..............   36.3     48.8     42.9     44.6     42.3     35.1     38.1     47.0     45.8     46.4     47.0     47.0
     2006 ..............   57.7     45.8     54.8     48.8     38.1     53.0     50.6     44.0     36.3     40.5     38.1     39.3
     2007 ..............   47.6     35.7     30.4     29.8     37.5     39.3     41.7     33.3     40.5     45.2     44.6     36.3
     2008 ..............   40.5     28.6    p39.3    p35.1

Over 3-month span:
     2004 ..............   41.1     40.5     43.5     56.5     58.9     61.3     57.7     47.0     46.4     41.7     44.6     38.7
     2005 ..............   38.1     39.3     42.3     44.6     36.3     37.5     33.3     39.9     45.8     41.7     38.7     49.4
     2006 ..............   54.8     52.4     47.6     48.8     44.6     50.6     42.9     47.6     36.3     37.5     32.1     34.5
     2007 ..............   33.9     28.6     32.1     27.4     29.8     32.7     31.0     34.5     32.1     39.3     44.0     41.7
     2008 ..............   35.7     27.4    p28.0    p25.6

Over 6-month span:
     2004 ..............   29.2     31.5     32.7     44.6     49.4     54.8     59.5     56.0     51.2     51.8     44.0     38.7
     2005 ..............   33.9     38.1     35.1     36.9     32.1     32.1     41.7     35.7     36.3     36.9     37.5     42.3
     2006 ..............   42.9     45.2     50.6     47.6     48.2     47.6     46.4     48.8     43.5     41.7     38.7     29.8
     2007 ..............   34.5     27.4     23.8     27.4     31.5     34.5     33.3     31.0     29.2     35.1     34.5     32.7
     2008 ..............   34.5     33.9    p33.3    p33.9

Over 12-month span:
     2004 ..............   13.1     14.3     13.1     20.2     23.2     35.7     36.9     38.1     36.9     44.0     44.6     44.6
     2005 ..............   44.6     43.5     41.7     40.5     36.3     35.1     32.1     33.9     32.7     33.3     33.3     38.1
     2006 ..............   44.6     40.5     40.5     39.3     39.3     44.6     41.7     42.3     46.4     48.2     45.2     44.0
     2007 ..............   39.3     36.3     36.9     28.6     29.8     26.2     26.8     29.2     30.4     29.8     33.3     33.9
     2008 ..............   29.8     29.8    p29.2    p26.2

   1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.
   p = preliminary.
   NOTE:  Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employ-
ment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
   Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for
the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.  See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for
more details.






Last Modified Date: May 02, 2008