Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-25-0658
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, May 2, 2025

Technical information: 
 Household data:      (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	      (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                          THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- APRIL 2025


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 177,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 4.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment
continued to trend up in health care, transportation and warehousing, financial activities,
and social assistance. Federal government employment declined.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.2 percent in April and has remained in a narrow range
of 4.0 percent to 4.2 percent since May 2024. The number of unemployed people, at 7.2 million,
changed little in April. (See table A-1.) 
 
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.0 percent), adult women
(3.7 percent), teenagers (12.9 percent), Whites (3.8 percent), Blacks (6.3 percent), Asians
(3.0 percent), and Hispanics (5.2 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
 
In April, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by
179,000 to 1.7 million. The long-term unemployed accounted for 23.5 percent of all unemployed
people. (See table A-12.) 
 
Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.6 percent, and the employment-population ratio,
at 60.0 percent, changed little in April. These measures have shown little change over the
year. (See table A-1.) 
 
The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.7 million, changed little
in April. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See
table A-8.) 
 
In April, the number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job was little
changed at 5.7 million. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not
actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take
a job. (See table A-1.) 
 
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.6 million, changed little in April. These individuals wanted and were
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of
the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, also changed little
over the month at 414,000. (See Summary table A.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 177,000 in April, roughly in line with the
average monthly gain of 152,000 over the prior 12 months. In April, employment continued to
trend up in health care, transportation and warehousing, financial activities, and social
assistance. Federal government employment declined. (See table B-1.)

Health care added 51,000 jobs in April, about the same as the average monthly gain of 52,000
over the prior 12 months. In April, job growth continued in hospitals (+22,000) and ambulatory
health care services (+21,000).

Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 29,000 in April, following little
change in the prior month (+3,000). Job gains occurred in warehousing and storage (+10,000),
couriers and messengers (+8,000), and air transportation (+3,000) in April. Transportation and
warehousing had added an average of 12,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months.

In April, financial activities employment continued to trend up (+14,000). The industry has
added 103,000 jobs since its employment trough in April 2024. 

Employment in social assistance continued its upward trend in April (+8,000) but at a slower
pace than the average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+20,000).

Within government, federal government employment declined by 9,000 in April and is down by
26,000 since January. (Employees on paid leave or receiving ongoing severance pay are counted
as employed in the establishment survey.)

Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including
mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; manufacturing; wholesale trade;
retail trade; information; professional and business services; leisure and hospitality; and
other services.

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6
cents, or 0.2 percent, to $36.06. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 3.8 percent. In April, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees rose by 10 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $31.06. (See tables B-3 and
B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3 hours
in April. In manufacturing, the average workweek edged down by 0.2 hour to 40.0 hours, and
overtime was unchanged at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours in April. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised down by 15,000, from
+117,000 to +102,000, and the change for March was revised down by 43,000, from +228,000 to
+185,000. With these revisions, employment in February and March combined is 58,000 lower than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the
recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 6, 2025, at
8:30 a.m. (ET).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Change from: Mar. 2025- Apr. 2025
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	268,066	272,847	273,023	273,197	174
Civilian labor force	167,988	170,359	170,591	171,109	518
Participation rate	62.7	62.4	62.5	62.6	0.1
Employed	161,495	163,307	163,508	163,944	436
Employment-population ratio	60.2	59.9	59.9	60.0	0.1
Unemployed	6,492	7,052	7,083	7,165	82
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.2	0.0
Not in labor force	100,078	102,487	102,431	102,088	-343
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.2	0.0
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.6	3.8	3.8	4.0	0.2
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.7	0.0
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	11.8	12.9	13.7	12.9	-0.8
White	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	0.1
Black or African American	5.6	6.0	6.2	6.3	0.1
Asian	2.9	3.2	3.5	3.0	-0.5
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.8	5.2	5.1	5.2	0.1
Total, 25 years and over	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.4	0.1
Less than a high school diploma	6.0	6.0	5.8	6.2	0.4
High school graduates, no college	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.7	0.2
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.2	2.5	2.6	2.5	-0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,225	3,316	3,313	3,453	140
Job leavers	785	918	870	855	-15
Reentrants	1,949	2,208	2,176	2,236	60
New entrants	581	662	739	701	-38
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,273	2,337	2,362	2,185	-177
5 to 14 weeks	1,990	2,152	2,146	2,269	123
15 to 26 weeks	879	1,031	1,006	988	-18
27 weeks and over	1,253	1,455	1,495	1,674	179
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,463	4,937	4,780	4,690	-90
Slack work or business conditions	3,054	3,292	3,156	3,150	-6
Could only find part-time work	1,145	1,253	1,255	1,260	5
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,238	22,435	22,625	22,723	98
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,560	1,704	1,687	1,616	-71
Discouraged workers	364	464	509	414	-95
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	118	102	185	177
Total private	129	107	170	167
Goods-producing	5	24	9	11
Mining and logging	-7	4	-1	1
Construction	3	12	7	11
Manufacturing	9	8	3	-1
Durable goods(1)	3	6	-2	2
Motor vehicles and parts	-1.4	5.8	-1.1	-4.7
Nondurable goods	6	2	5	-3
Private service-providing	124	83	161	156
Wholesale trade	7.3	7.1	-0.8	5.8
Retail trade	0.4	-3.8	21.7	-1.8
Transportation and warehousing	17.6	18.3	2.7	29.0
Utilities	-0.2	0.8	1.4	-0.6
Information	-7	0	-2	0
Financial activities	0	15	6	14
Professional and business services(1)	8	15	3	17
Temporary help services	-10.0	-2.2	-2.7	3.6
Private education and health services(1)	94	65	74	70
Health care and social assistance	83.5	57.4	77.2	58.2
Leisure and hospitality	-4	-34	38	24
Other services	8	0	17	-1
Government	-11	-5	15	10
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	195	179	133	155
Total private	150	158	119	148
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.9	49.8	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.5	81.5	81.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.2	34.2	34.3	34.3
Average hourly earnings	$34.75	$35.90	$36.00	$36.06
Average weekly earnings	$1,188.45	$1,227.78	$1,234.80	$1,236.86
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.3	116.4	116.9	117.0
Over-the-month percent change	-0.5	0.3	0.4	0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	191.6	199.8	201.2	201.7
Over-the-month percent change	-0.3	0.6	0.7	0.2
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	55.8	56.2	54.0	54.6
Manufacturing (72 industries)	52.1	59.0	43.8	42.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
   employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
   estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
   Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
   the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
   please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 631,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-86,000 to +186,000 (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	268,066	273,023	273,197	268,066	269,638	272,685	272,847	273,023	273,197
Civilian labor force	167,484	170,653	170,622	167,988	168,547	170,744	170,359	170,591	171,109
Participation rate	62.5	62.5	62.5	62.7	62.5	62.6	62.4	62.5	62.6
Employed	161,590	163,412	164,043	161,495	161,661	163,895	163,307	163,508	163,944
Employment-population ratio	60.3	59.9	60.0	60.2	60.0	60.1	59.9	59.9	60.0
Unemployed	5,894	7,242	6,580	6,492	6,886	6,849	7,052	7,083	7,165
Unemployment rate	3.5	4.2	3.9	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2
Not in labor force	100,582	102,369	102,574	100,078	101,091	101,941	102,487	102,431	102,088
People who currently want a job	5,502	5,600	5,536	5,639	5,505	5,479	5,893	5,915	5,674
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,694	133,175	133,260	130,694	131,455	133,010	133,089	133,175	133,260
Civilian labor force	88,472	90,318	90,440	88,738	89,295	90,393	89,987	90,244	90,683
Participation rate	67.7	67.8	67.9	67.9	67.9	68.0	67.6	67.8	68.0
Employed	85,187	86,216	86,678	85,235	85,620	86,733	86,226	86,443	86,724
Employment-population ratio	65.2	64.7	65.0	65.2	65.1	65.2	64.8	64.9	65.1
Unemployed	3,285	4,102	3,761	3,503	3,675	3,660	3,761	3,800	3,959
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.5	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.4
Not in labor force	42,222	42,857	42,821	41,956	42,160	42,617	43,102	42,932	42,577
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,763	124,082	124,166	121,763	122,480	123,918	123,996	124,082	124,166
Civilian labor force	85,347	87,135	87,269	85,406	85,945	87,067	86,594	86,887	87,299
Participation rate	70.1	70.2	70.3	70.1	70.2	70.3	69.8	70.0	70.3
Employed	82,424	83,485	83,930	82,346	82,739	83,803	83,311	83,563	83,849
Employment-population ratio	67.7	67.3	67.6	67.6	67.6	67.6	67.2	67.3	67.5
Unemployed	2,923	3,650	3,339	3,060	3,206	3,264	3,283	3,324	3,450
Unemployment rate	3.4	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8	4.0
Not in labor force	36,416	36,946	36,897	36,357	36,535	36,851	37,402	37,195	36,867
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	137,372	139,848	139,937	137,372	138,183	139,674	139,758	139,848	139,937
Civilian labor force	79,011	80,336	80,183	79,250	79,252	80,351	80,372	80,348	80,426
Participation rate	57.5	57.4	57.3	57.7	57.4	57.5	57.5	57.5	57.5
Employed	76,403	77,195	77,364	76,260	76,041	77,162	77,081	77,065	77,220
Employment-population ratio	55.6	55.2	55.3	55.5	55.0	55.2	55.2	55.1	55.2
Unemployed	2,609	3,140	2,819	2,989	3,211	3,189	3,291	3,283	3,206
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.9	3.5	3.8	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0
Not in labor force	58,361	59,512	59,754	58,122	58,931	59,324	59,385	59,500	59,511
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,742	131,080	131,167	128,742	129,518	130,908	130,991	131,080	131,167
Civilian labor force	75,901	77,153	77,155	75,967	75,994	77,203	77,115	76,997	77,224
Participation rate	59.0	58.9	58.8	59.0	58.7	59.0	58.9	58.7	58.9
Employed	73,579	74,398	74,624	73,316	73,135	74,380	74,205	74,159	74,362
Employment-population ratio	57.2	56.8	56.9	56.9	56.5	56.8	56.6	56.6	56.7
Unemployed	2,322	2,754	2,531	2,651	2,859	2,822	2,910	2,838	2,862
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7
Not in labor force	52,841	53,927	54,012	52,774	53,524	53,706	53,876	54,082	53,944
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,561	17,862	17,863	17,561	17,640	17,859	17,860	17,862	17,863
Civilian labor force	6,236	6,366	6,199	6,614	6,607	6,474	6,650	6,707	6,586
Participation rate	35.5	35.6	34.7	37.7	37.5	36.3	37.2	37.6	36.9
Employed	5,587	5,528	5,488	5,833	5,786	5,712	5,792	5,786	5,733
Employment-population ratio	31.8	31.0	30.7	33.2	32.8	32.0	32.4	32.4	32.1
Unemployed	649	837	711	781	821	763	858	921	853
Unemployment rate	10.4	13.2	11.5	11.8	12.4	11.8	12.9	13.7	12.9
Not in labor force	11,326	11,496	11,665	10,947	11,033	11,385	11,210	11,154	11,278
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	204,831	207,221	207,291	204,831	205,598	207,088	207,147	207,221	207,291
Civilian labor force	127,369	128,796	128,770	127,708	127,827	128,988	128,548	128,769	129,121
Participation rate	62.2	62.2	62.1	62.3	62.2	62.3	62.1	62.1	62.3
Employed	123,298	123,888	124,236	123,221	123,213	124,431	123,726	123,993	124,172
Employment-population ratio	60.2	59.8	59.9	60.2	59.9	60.1	59.7	59.8	59.9
Unemployed	4,071	4,908	4,534	4,487	4,614	4,557	4,822	4,776	4,948
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8
Not in labor force	77,463	78,425	78,521	77,123	77,770	78,100	78,599	78,452	78,171
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,960	66,564	66,684	66,005	66,244	66,794	66,365	66,454	66,743
Participation rate	69.8	69.6	69.7	69.9	69.8	69.9	69.4	69.5	69.8
Employed	63,887	64,087	64,311	63,818	64,087	64,721	64,049	64,217	64,266
Employment-population ratio	67.6	67.0	67.2	67.5	67.6	67.7	67.0	67.1	67.2
Unemployed	2,073	2,477	2,373	2,187	2,156	2,073	2,316	2,237	2,477
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,561	57,333	57,272	56,608	56,502	57,063	57,060	57,193	57,308
Participation rate	57.9	58.1	58.0	58.0	57.6	57.8	57.8	57.9	58.0
Employed	54,995	55,489	55,599	54,831	54,607	55,195	55,117	55,307	55,422
Employment-population ratio	56.3	56.2	56.3	56.2	55.7	55.9	55.8	56.0	56.1
Unemployed	1,565	1,844	1,673	1,776	1,895	1,868	1,943	1,887	1,886
Unemployment rate	2.8	3.2	2.9	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,848	4,900	4,814	5,095	5,082	5,131	5,123	5,122	5,070
Participation rate	38.2	38.2	37.6	40.1	40.0	40.0	39.9	40.0	39.6
Employed	4,416	4,312	4,326	4,572	4,519	4,516	4,560	4,470	4,484
Employment-population ratio	34.8	33.6	33.8	36.0	35.5	35.2	35.6	34.9	35.0
Unemployed	433	588	488	523	563	616	562	653	586
Unemployment rate	8.9	12.0	10.1	10.3	11.1	12.0	11.0	12.7	11.6
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,918	35,687	35,719	34,918	35,194	35,621	35,653	35,687	35,719
Civilian labor force	22,021	22,166	22,173	22,047	21,971	22,260	22,340	22,196	22,189
Participation rate	63.1	62.1	62.1	63.1	62.4	62.5	62.7	62.2	62.1
Employed	20,892	20,787	20,886	20,804	20,640	20,874	21,002	20,826	20,790
Employment-population ratio	59.8	58.2	58.5	59.6	58.6	58.6	58.9	58.4	58.2
Unemployed	1,128	1,380	1,287	1,244	1,331	1,386	1,339	1,370	1,399
Unemployment rate	5.1	6.2	5.8	5.6	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.3
Not in labor force	12,897	13,520	13,546	12,870	13,223	13,361	13,313	13,491	13,531
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,187	10,522	10,506	10,192	10,207	10,451	10,347	10,511	10,504
Participation rate	68.6	69.3	69.2	68.7	68.2	69.0	68.3	69.3	69.2
Employed	9,670	9,836	9,941	9,657	9,631	9,728	9,773	9,870	9,918
Employment-population ratio	65.2	64.8	65.5	65.1	64.4	64.2	64.5	65.1	65.3
Unemployed	517	686	565	535	576	723	574	641	586
Unemployment rate	5.1	6.5	5.4	5.2	5.6	6.9	5.5	6.1	5.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,012	10,860	10,939	10,993	10,986	11,133	11,174	10,857	10,925
Participation rate	63.0	60.9	61.3	62.9	62.4	62.5	62.7	60.9	61.2
Employed	10,538	10,325	10,357	10,441	10,388	10,534	10,566	10,300	10,262
Employment-population ratio	60.3	57.9	58.0	59.8	59.0	59.2	59.3	57.8	57.5
Unemployed	474	535	581	553	598	598	607	557	663
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.9	5.3	5.0	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.1	6.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	822	785	729	862	778	677	820	828	760
Participation rate	31.5	29.3	27.2	33.1	29.5	25.3	30.6	30.9	28.3
Employed	684	626	588	706	621	612	662	655	610
Employment-population ratio	26.2	23.4	21.9	27.1	23.5	22.9	24.8	24.5	22.8
Unemployed	138	159	141	156	157	64	157	172	149
Unemployment rate	16.8	20.3	19.3	18.1	20.2	9.5	19.2	20.8	19.6
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,816	19,241	19,270	17,816	18,174	19,111	19,097	19,241	19,270
Civilian labor force	11,485	12,688	12,652	11,551	11,680	12,359	12,512	12,653	12,714
Participation rate	64.5	65.9	65.7	64.8	64.3	64.7	65.5	65.8	66.0
Employed	11,182	12,258	12,297	11,221	11,267	11,906	12,113	12,213	12,329
Employment-population ratio	62.8	63.7	63.8	63.0	62.0	62.3	63.4	63.5	64.0
Unemployed	302	430	355	329	413	453	399	441	385
Unemployment rate	2.6	3.4	2.8	2.9	3.5	3.7	3.2	3.5	3.0
Not in labor force	6,331	6,553	6,618	6,265	6,494	6,752	6,585	6,588	6,556
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,667	51,083	51,191	48,667	49,483	50,869	50,977	51,083	51,191
Civilian labor force	32,757	34,398	34,416	32,767	33,415	33,997	34,083	34,330	34,442
Participation rate	67.3	67.3	67.2	67.3	67.5	66.8	66.9	67.2	67.3
Employed	31,296	32,592	32,738	31,179	31,702	32,373	32,301	32,578	32,649
Employment-population ratio	64.3	63.8	64.0	64.1	64.1	63.6	63.4	63.8	63.8
Unemployed	1,462	1,806	1,678	1,588	1,713	1,623	1,782	1,752	1,793
Unemployment rate	4.5	5.2	4.9	4.8	5.1	4.8	5.2	5.1	5.2
Not in labor force	15,910	16,685	16,775	15,900	16,068	16,873	16,895	16,753	16,749
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,548	18,350	18,438	17,531	17,885	18,249	18,150	18,301	18,409
Participation rate	79.8	79.3	79.5	79.7	79.9	79.2	78.6	79.1	79.4
Employed	16,821	17,449	17,537	16,768	17,162	17,518	17,314	17,476	17,487
Employment-population ratio	76.5	75.4	75.6	76.2	76.7	76.0	75.0	75.5	75.4
Unemployed	727	900	901	763	723	731	836	825	922
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.9	4.9	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.6	4.5	5.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,655	14,445	14,506	13,632	13,985	14,204	14,347	14,398	14,508
Participation rate	61.8	62.3	62.5	61.7	62.2	61.6	62.1	62.1	62.5
Employed	13,078	13,768	13,890	13,010	13,241	13,564	13,621	13,732	13,845
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.4	59.8	58.9	58.9	58.8	58.9	59.3	59.6
Unemployed	577	677	617	621	744	640	726	666	663
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.7	4.2	4.6	5.3	4.5	5.1	4.6	4.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,554	1,604	1,471	1,604	1,545	1,544	1,586	1,631	1,524
Participation rate	34.0	33.6	30.8	35.1	33.3	32.5	33.3	34.2	31.9
Employed	1,397	1,375	1,311	1,401	1,298	1,291	1,366	1,370	1,316
Employment-population ratio	30.5	28.8	27.5	30.6	28.0	27.2	28.7	28.8	27.6
Unemployed	157	229	160	204	247	252	220	261	208
Unemployment rate	10.1	14.3	10.9	12.7	16.0	16.3	13.8	16.0	13.6
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,117	8,986	9,009	9,002	9,219	9,346	9,060	9,061	8,897
Participation rate	47.5	47.7	47.1	46.9	47.6	47.4	48.3	48.1	46.5
Employed	8,578	8,392	8,463	8,458	8,700	8,858	8,519	8,538	8,349
Employment-population ratio	44.6	44.5	44.2	44.0	44.9	44.9	45.4	45.3	43.6
Unemployed	539	594	546	544	519	487	541	523	548
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.6	6.1	6.0	5.6	5.2	6.0	5.8	6.2
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,273	36,176	36,619	36,203	35,931	36,582	36,215	36,023	36,514
Participation rate	56.8	56.7	56.9	56.7	56.9	57.1	56.2	56.4	56.7
Employed	34,890	34,576	35,234	34,754	34,376	34,954	34,676	34,538	35,056
Employment-population ratio	54.6	54.2	54.7	54.4	54.5	54.5	53.8	54.1	54.4
Unemployed	1,383	1,600	1,385	1,449	1,555	1,628	1,539	1,485	1,457
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.4	3.8	4.0	4.3	4.5	4.2	4.1	4.0
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,251	36,350	36,654	36,147	35,652	36,049	36,423	36,196	36,473
Participation rate	63.0	62.8	63.1	62.8	62.7	62.8	63.3	62.5	62.7
Employed	35,114	35,044	35,390	34,942	34,409	34,774	35,155	34,930	35,140
Employment-population ratio	61.0	60.5	60.9	60.7	60.5	60.5	61.1	60.3	60.4
Unemployed	1,137	1,306	1,264	1,204	1,242	1,275	1,268	1,266	1,333
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.7
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	64,406	67,120	66,599	64,482	65,687	66,334	66,292	66,752	66,662
Participation rate	72.8	72.4	72.6	72.8	72.1	72.4	71.8	72.0	72.6
Employed	63,127	65,404	65,068	63,074	64,079	64,831	64,655	65,014	65,003
Employment-population ratio	71.3	70.5	70.9	71.3	70.3	70.7	70.1	70.1	70.8
Unemployed	1,279	1,716	1,531	1,408	1,609	1,504	1,637	1,738	1,658
Unemployment rate	2.0	2.6	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,631	17,319	15,584	15,244	2,047	2,075
Civilian labor force	8,516	8,363	7,341	7,138	1,175	1,225
Participation rate	48.3	48.3	47.1	46.8	57.4	59.0
Employed	8,254	8,069	7,087	6,917	1,167	1,153
Employment-population ratio	46.8	46.6	45.5	45.4	57.0	55.6
Unemployed	262	294	254	222	8	72
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.1	0.7	5.9
Not in labor force	9,115	8,956	8,243	8,106	872	850
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,350	5,630	4,409	4,630	940	1,000
Civilian labor force	4,290	4,475	3,584	3,700	706	775
Participation rate	80.2	79.5	81.3	79.9	75.1	77.5
Employed	4,140	4,345	3,440	3,626	700	719
Employment-population ratio	77.4	77.2	78.0	78.3	74.4	71.9
Unemployed	150	130	143	74	6	56
Unemployment rate	3.5	2.9	4.0	2.0	0.9	7.2
Not in labor force	1,060	1,155	826	930	234	225
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,761	3,215	2,309	2,718	453	497
Civilian labor force	1,906	2,123	1,622	1,815	284	308
Participation rate	69.0	66.0	70.3	66.8	62.6	62.0
Employed	1,860	2,020	1,577	1,718	284	302
Employment-population ratio	67.4	62.8	68.3	63.2	62.6	60.7
Unemployed	45	103	45	97	0	6
Unemployment rate	2.4	4.8	2.8	5.3	0.0	2.1
Not in labor force	856	1,092	686	903	169	189
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,704	4,936	5,463	4,748	241	188
Civilian labor force	716	544	692	531	23	14
Participation rate	12.5	11.0	12.7	11.2	9.7	7.2
Employed	692	519	670	505	22	14
Employment-population ratio	12.1	10.5	12.3	10.6	9.2	7.2
Unemployed	23	26	22	26	1	0
Unemployment rate	3.2	4.7	3.2	4.9	-	-
Not in labor force	4,988	4,392	4,771	4,217	218	174
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,816	3,538	3,403	3,148	413	390
Civilian labor force	1,605	1,221	1,443	1,093	162	128
Participation rate	42.0	34.5	42.4	34.7	39.2	32.9
Employed	1,561	1,186	1,400	1,068	161	118
Employment-population ratio	40.9	33.5	41.1	33.9	39.1	30.4
Unemployed	43	35	43	25	0	10
Unemployment rate	2.7	2.9	3.0	2.3	0.3	7.6
Not in labor force	2,211	2,317	1,960	2,055	251	262
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	241,318	246,496	110,563	113,202	130,755	133,294
Civilian labor force	156,752	160,117	80,055	82,177	76,697	77,940
Participation rate	65.0	65.0	72.4	72.6	58.7	58.5
Employed	151,386	154,127	77,159	78,781	74,228	75,346
Employment-population ratio	62.7	62.5	69.8	69.6	56.8	56.5
Unemployed	5,366	5,990	2,896	3,396	2,470	2,595
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.7	3.6	4.1	3.2	3.3
Not in labor force	84,566	86,378	30,508	31,025	54,058	55,353
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	People with a disability		People with no disability
	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,003	34,785	234,062	238,411
Civilian labor force	8,341	8,422	159,143	162,201
Participation rate	24.5	24.2	68.0	68.0
Employed	7,814	7,732	153,776	156,311
Employment-population ratio	23.0	22.2	65.7	65.6
Unemployed	526	690	5,368	5,890
Unemployment rate	6.3	8.2	3.4	3.6
Not in labor force	25,663	26,364	74,919	76,211
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,420	3,393	78,835	80,614
Participation rate	40.6	41.8	82.8	83.0
Employed	3,198	3,090	75,965	77,395
Employment-population ratio	38.0	38.1	79.7	79.7
Unemployed	222	303	2,870	3,219
Unemployment rate	6.5	8.9	3.6	4.0
Not in labor force	5,007	4,722	16,426	16,499
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,407	3,505	70,386	71,376
Participation rate	40.6	40.2	72.9	72.9
Employed	3,172	3,198	68,138	68,991
Employment-population ratio	37.8	36.7	70.5	70.5
Unemployed	235	307	2,247	2,385
Unemployment rate	6.9	8.8	3.2	3.3
Not in labor force	4,985	5,214	26,227	26,497
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,513	1,523	9,922	10,211
Participation rate	8.8	8.5	23.5	23.5
Employed	1,445	1,443	9,672	9,925
Employment-population ratio	8.4	8.0	22.9	22.9
Unemployed	69	80	250	286
Unemployment rate	4.6	5.3	2.5	2.8
Not in labor force	15,670	16,429	32,266	33,215
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,089	49,669	23,675	24,374	24,414	25,295
Civilian labor force	31,726	33,019	18,132	18,725	13,594	14,294
Participation rate	66.0	66.5	76.6	76.8	55.7	56.5
Employed	30,482	31,815	17,468	18,031	13,014	13,784
Employment-population ratio	63.4	64.1	73.8	74.0	53.3	54.5
Unemployed	1,244	1,204	664	695	580	509
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.7	4.3	3.6
Not in labor force	16,363	16,650	5,544	5,648	10,819	11,002
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	219,976	223,528	107,019	108,887	112,958	114,641
Civilian labor force	135,758	137,603	70,341	71,714	65,417	65,889
Participation rate	61.7	61.6	65.7	65.9	57.9	57.5
Employed	131,108	132,228	67,720	68,648	63,388	63,580
Employment-population ratio	59.6	59.2	63.3	63.0	56.1	55.5
Unemployed	4,650	5,376	2,621	3,066	2,028	2,309
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.9	3.7	4.3	3.1	3.5
Not in labor force	84,219	85,925	36,678	37,173	47,541	48,752
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,187	2,251	2,176	2,253	2,258	2,319	2,259	2,371	2,249
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,496	1,509	1,495	1,563	1,521	1,573	1,489	1,595	1,559
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	657	717	662	657	723	723	753	740	665
Unpaid family workers	34	25	19	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	159,403	161,160	161,866	159,105	159,469	161,357	160,930	160,920	161,565
Wage and salary workers(1)	150,119	152,079	152,556	149,749	150,253	152,363	152,034	151,946	152,236
Government	21,883	22,134	22,111	21,628	22,109	21,764	21,653	21,748	21,859
Private industries	128,236	129,945	130,446	128,099	128,209	130,742	130,414	130,227	130,376
Private households	620	555	594	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	127,616	129,390	129,852	127,430	127,713	130,025	129,816	129,585	129,702
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,241	9,034	9,255	9,285	9,241	9,103	8,946	9,055	9,283
Unpaid family workers	43	47	55	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,267	4,900	4,496	4,463	4,358	4,477	4,937	4,780	4,690
Slack work or business conditions	2,910	3,245	3,009	3,054	2,867	2,893	3,292	3,156	3,150
Could only find part-time work	1,146	1,307	1,272	1,145	1,195	1,195	1,253	1,255	1,260
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,913	23,198	23,426	22,238	22,514	22,299	22,435	22,625	22,723
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,200	4,813	4,431	4,394	4,299	4,416	4,899	4,717	4,623
Slack work or business conditions	2,856	3,194	2,964	3,000	2,833	2,857	3,273	3,125	3,105
Could only find part-time work	1,146	1,305	1,267	1,142	1,196	1,193	1,253	1,255	1,253
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,575	22,781	23,103	21,890	22,150	21,935	22,039	22,196	22,381
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	161,590	163,412	164,043	161,495	161,661	163,895	163,307	163,508	163,944
16 to 19 years	5,587	5,528	5,488	5,833	5,786	5,712	5,792	5,786	5,733
16 to 17 years	1,949	1,904	1,846	2,120	2,019	1,989	1,994	2,095	2,002
18 to 19 years	3,637	3,624	3,642	3,719	3,762	3,719	3,801	3,708	3,718
20 years and over	156,003	157,883	158,555	155,662	155,875	158,183	157,516	157,722	158,211
20 to 24 years	14,295	14,468	14,399	14,397	14,277	14,606	14,332	14,609	14,498
25 years and over	141,709	143,416	144,156	141,310	141,547	143,606	143,219	143,207	143,709
25 to 54 years	104,119	105,417	105,934	103,801	103,766	105,538	105,386	105,279	105,594
25 to 34 years	35,732	36,370	36,469	35,634	35,563	36,406	36,283	36,333	36,364
35 to 44 years	36,319	36,962	37,138	36,167	36,306	36,841	36,779	36,844	36,975
45 to 54 years	32,069	32,085	32,326	32,000	31,897	32,291	32,323	32,101	32,256
55 years and over	37,589	37,999	38,222	37,509	37,781	38,068	37,833	37,928	38,115
Men, 16 years and over	85,187	86,216	86,678	85,235	85,620	86,733	86,226	86,443	86,724
16 to 19 years	2,763	2,731	2,748	2,889	2,881	2,930	2,915	2,880	2,875
16 to 17 years	942	944	980	1,005	980	973	980	1,041	1,039
18 to 19 years	1,822	1,787	1,768	1,889	1,899	1,954	1,946	1,855	1,837
20 years and over	82,424	83,485	83,930	82,346	82,739	83,803	83,311	83,563	83,849
20 to 24 years	7,315	7,285	7,295	7,368	7,329	7,381	7,218	7,377	7,342
25 years and over	75,109	76,200	76,635	74,991	75,401	76,517	76,172	76,290	76,517
25 to 54 years	55,093	55,880	56,305	55,001	55,091	56,140	55,955	55,952	56,205
25 to 34 years	18,914	19,315	19,480	18,896	18,806	19,228	19,188	19,317	19,445
35 to 44 years	19,271	19,799	19,875	19,210	19,423	19,820	19,740	19,789	19,816
45 to 54 years	16,908	16,765	16,950	16,895	16,862	17,092	17,026	16,846	16,944
55 years and over	20,016	20,320	20,331	19,990	20,310	20,377	20,217	20,338	20,312
Women, 16 years and over	76,403	77,195	77,364	76,260	76,041	77,162	77,081	77,065	77,220
16 to 19 years	2,823	2,797	2,740	2,944	2,906	2,782	2,877	2,906	2,858
16 to 17 years	1,008	960	866	1,115	1,038	1,016	1,013	1,053	963
18 to 19 years	1,815	1,837	1,874	1,830	1,863	1,765	1,855	1,853	1,881
20 years and over	73,579	74,398	74,624	73,316	73,135	74,380	74,205	74,159	74,362
20 to 24 years	6,980	7,182	7,104	7,029	6,948	7,225	7,114	7,231	7,156
25 years and over	66,599	67,216	67,520	66,318	66,146	67,089	67,047	66,917	67,192
25 to 54 years	49,026	49,537	49,629	48,800	48,675	49,398	49,431	49,327	49,389
25 to 34 years	16,818	17,055	16,990	16,738	16,757	17,177	17,095	17,016	16,918
35 to 44 years	17,048	17,162	17,264	16,957	16,883	17,022	17,039	17,055	17,158
45 to 54 years	15,161	15,320	15,376	15,105	15,036	15,199	15,297	15,255	15,312
55 years and over	17,573	17,679	17,891	17,518	17,471	17,691	17,616	17,590	17,803
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,700	45,812	46,091	45,590	45,974	46,093	45,752	45,698	45,976
Married women, spouse present(1)	37,117	36,886	37,316	36,925	37,011	37,109	37,318	36,650	37,120
Women who maintain families(2)	9,935	10,265	9,914	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	133,351	134,163	134,969	133,817	133,510	135,896	134,676	135,135	135,440
Part-time workers(4)	28,239	29,248	29,074	27,728	27,918	27,901	28,511	28,467	28,523
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,349	9,132	8,825	8,385	8,478	8,764	8,860	8,936	8,860
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.4
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,686	6,860	6,977	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,897	9,752	9,917	9,943	9,964	9,827	9,700	9,794	9,948
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,492	7,083	7,165	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2
16 to 19 years	781	921	853	11.8	12.4	11.8	12.9	13.7	12.9
16 to 17 years	307	379	337	12.7	13.5	13.4	16.0	15.3	14.4
18 to 19 years	477	543	506	11.4	11.8	10.9	11.1	12.8	12.0
20 years and over	5,711	6,162	6,312	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.8
20 to 24 years	1,039	1,187	1,297	6.7	7.5	7.9	8.3	7.5	8.2
25 years and over	4,640	4,951	5,026	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.4
25 to 54 years	3,478	3,802	3,811	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5
25 to 34 years	1,435	1,516	1,599	3.9	4.5	4.2	4.4	4.0	4.2
35 to 44 years	1,113	1,230	1,209	3.0	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.2
45 to 54 years	930	1,056	1,003	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.7	3.2	3.0
55 years and over	1,161	1,150	1,210	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.1
Men, 16 years and over	3,503	3,800	3,959	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.4
16 to 19 years	443	477	509	13.3	14.0	11.9	14.1	14.2	15.0
16 to 17 years	159	172	166	13.7	13.9	12.1	17.8	14.2	13.8
18 to 19 years	280	302	328	12.9	13.9	11.9	12.2	14.0	15.1
20 years and over	3,060	3,324	3,450	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8	4.0
20 to 24 years	530	676	778	6.7	8.2	9.2	9.8	8.4	9.6
25 years and over	2,526	2,637	2,709	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4
25 to 54 years	1,892	2,022	2,034	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.5
25 to 34 years	788	880	878	4.0	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.3
35 to 44 years	606	606	638	3.1	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.1
45 to 54 years	498	536	518	2.9	2.3	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.0
55 years and over	634	615	675	3.1	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.2
Women, 16 years and over	2,989	3,283	3,206	3.8	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0
16 to 19 years	338	444	344	10.3	10.8	11.6	11.7	13.3	10.7
16 to 17 years	148	207	171	11.7	13.0	14.7	14.2	16.4	15.1
18 to 19 years	198	240	178	9.7	9.6	9.8	9.9	11.5	8.7
20 years and over	2,651	2,838	2,862	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7
20 to 24 years	509	511	519	6.8	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.6	6.8
25 years and over	2,114	2,315	2,317	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,585	1,780	1,777	3.1	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.5
25 to 34 years	647	636	721	3.7	4.4	4.1	4.6	3.6	4.1
35 to 44 years	507	625	571	2.9	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.2
45 to 54 years	432	520	485	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.6	3.3	3.1
55 years and over	524	529	533	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.9
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	978	968	1,091	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.3
Married women, spouse present(1)	891	934	882	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.3
Women who maintain families(2)	506	627	547	4.8	5.5	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.2
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,274	5,758	5,963	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.2
Part-time workers(4)	1,225	1,331	1,233	4.2	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.5	4.1
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	2,973	3,552	3,216	3,225	3,251	3,235	3,316	3,313	3,453
On temporary layoff	688	960	702	860	862	835	817	811	865
Not on temporary layoff	2,286	2,593	2,514	2,365	2,389	2,400	2,499	2,502	2,587
Permanent job losers	1,728	1,870	1,900	1,750	1,707	1,708	1,748	1,810	1,915
People who completed temporary jobs	558	723	614	615	682	693	751	692	672
Job leavers	744	858	810	785	947	912	918	870	855
Reentrants	1,723	2,155	1,986	1,949	2,031	2,124	2,208	2,176	2,236
New entrants	453	677	567	581	655	659	662	739	701
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	50.5	49.1	48.9	49.3	47.2	46.7	46.7	46.7	47.7
On temporary layoff	11.7	13.3	10.7	13.1	12.5	12.0	11.5	11.4	11.9
Not on temporary layoff	38.8	35.8	38.2	36.2	34.7	34.6	35.2	35.3	35.7
Job leavers	12.6	11.8	12.3	12.0	13.8	13.2	12.9	12.3	11.8
Reentrants	29.2	29.8	30.2	29.8	29.5	30.7	31.1	30.7	30.9
New entrants	7.7	9.3	8.6	8.9	9.5	9.5	9.3	10.4	9.7
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.0
Job leavers	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,888	2,085	1,791	2,273	2,156	2,290	2,337	2,362	2,185
5 to 14 weeks	1,670	2,338	1,923	1,990	1,997	1,935	2,152	2,146	2,269
15 weeks and over	2,336	2,819	2,866	2,131	2,758	2,604	2,486	2,501	2,663
15 to 26 weeks	1,064	1,220	1,172	879	1,207	1,161	1,031	1,006	988
27 weeks and over	1,271	1,599	1,694	1,253	1,551	1,443	1,455	1,495	1,674
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	21.4	23.6	24.9	20.0	23.7	22.0	21.3	22.8	23.2
Median duration, in weeks	10.5	10.9	12.0	8.9	10.4	10.4	10.0	9.8	10.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	32.0	28.8	27.2	35.6	31.2	33.5	33.5	33.7	30.7
5 to 14 weeks	28.3	32.3	29.2	31.1	28.9	28.3	30.9	30.6	31.9
15 weeks and over	39.6	38.9	43.6	33.3	39.9	38.1	35.6	35.7	37.4
15 to 26 weeks	18.1	16.9	17.8	13.7	17.5	17.0	14.8	14.4	13.9
27 weeks and over	21.6	22.1	25.7	19.6	22.4	21.1	20.9	21.3	23.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	161,590	164,043	5,894	6,580	3.5	3.9
Management, professional, and related occupations	70,548	72,168	1,399	1,596	1.9	2.2
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,172	31,664	743	707	2.4	2.2
Professional and related occupations	40,376	40,504	656	889	1.6	2.1
Service occupations	26,430	27,286	1,162	1,308	4.2	4.6
Sales and office occupations	30,037	30,015	1,061	1,216	3.4	3.9
Sales and related occupations	14,410	13,976	543	617	3.6	4.2
Office and administrative support occupations	15,627	16,039	518	600	3.2	3.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,501	14,434	749	749	4.9	4.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	831	1,000	59	78	6.7	7.2
Construction and extraction occupations	8,662	8,467	545	536	5.9	6.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	5,009	4,967	144	136	2.8	2.7
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,074	20,140	1,057	1,133	5.0	5.3
Production occupations	8,069	8,077	419	347	4.9	4.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	12,005	12,062	638	786	5.0	6.1
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	5,894	6,580	3.5	3.9
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,795	5,105	3.6	3.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	8	23	1.3	4.0
Construction	555	593	5.2	5.6
Manufacturing	416	551	2.7	3.6
Durable goods	281	319	2.9	3.2
Nondurable goods	134	233	2.4	4.3
Wholesale and retail trade	725	865	3.8	4.3
Transportation and utilities	358	281	4.4	3.3
Information	128	119	5.0	4.6
Financial activities	280	307	2.7	2.9
Professional and business services	746	699	4.0	3.6
Education and health services	559	678	2.1	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	784	732	5.7	5.3
Other services	235	257	3.5	3.8
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	83	107	5.4	7.0
Government workers	267	413	1.2	1.8
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	296	387	2.9	3.7
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6
U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.0
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.5	4.2	3.9	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	3.7	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.4
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	4.4	5.1	4.7	4.7	5.0	4.9	5.1	5.1	5.1
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	6.9	7.9	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.5	8.0	7.9	7.8
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025	Apr. 2024	Apr. 2025
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	100,582	102,574	42,222	42,821	58,361	59,754
People who currently want a job	5,502	5,536	2,717	2,629	2,786	2,907
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,519	1,570	771	822	748	747
Discouraged workers(2)	380	421	210	242	170	180
Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,139	1,148	561	581	578	568
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,349	8,825	3,986	4,302	4,363	4,523
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.4	4.7	5.0	5.7	5.8
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,844	4,919	2,560	2,624	2,284	2,295
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,091	2,390	713	840	1,378	1,551
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	376	425	215	273	161	151
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	984	1,041	473	545	511	496
Footnotes (1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)	Change from: Mar.2025 - Apr.2025(p)
Total nonfarm	157,438	157,944	158,411	159,316	157,635	159,155	159,340	159,517	177
Total private	133,804	134,104	134,502	135,377	134,345	135,568	135,738	135,905	167
Goods-producing	21,514	21,318	21,404	21,562	21,650	21,686	21,695	21,706	11
Mining and logging	624	620	619	620	630	625	624	625	1
Logging	39.5	39.7	38.4	37.0	42.0	39.2	38.9	39.3	0.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	584.9	580.0	580.5	583.1	588.2	585.8	585.5	585.6	0.1
Oil and gas extraction	120.8	121.5	121.8	121.4	121.8	122.4	122.4	122.4	0.0
Mining (except oil and gas)	191.3	187.5	188.7	191.7	192.5	192.4	192.2	192.6	0.4
Coal mining	43.2	41.2	41.1	40.9	43.3	41.3	41.2	40.9	-0.3
Metal ore mining	44.4	45.0	45.0	44.6	44.5	45.1	45.1	44.7	-0.4
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	103.7	101.3	102.6	106.2	104.7	106.0	105.9	107.0	1.1
Support activities for mining	272.8	271.0	270.0	270.0	273.9	271.0	270.9	270.6	-0.3
Construction	8,089	7,987	8,071	8,226	8,173	8,298	8,305	8,316	11
Construction of buildings	1,826.5	1,829.5	1,843.1	1,856.9	1,845.7	1,871.7	1,875.6	1,878.5	2.9
Residential building construction	931.0	933.1	940.6	945.9	940.8	954.3	957.0	956.3	-0.7
Nonresidential building construction	895.5	896.4	902.5	911.0	904.9	917.4	918.6	922.2	3.6
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,136.5	1,087.4	1,120.3	1,167.2	1,147.3	1,175.8	1,179.2	1,178.7	-0.5
Specialty trade contractors	5,126.1	5,069.7	5,107.8	5,201.9	5,180.3	5,250.6	5,250.0	5,259.0	9.0
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,378.0	2,320.0	2,322.5	2,363.1	2,403.6	2,402.1	2,389.0	2,393.1	4.1
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,748.1	2,749.7	2,785.3	2,838.8	2,776.7	2,848.5	2,861.0	2,865.9	4.9
Manufacturing	12,801	12,711	12,714	12,716	12,847	12,763	12,766	12,765	-1
Durable goods	7,977	7,884	7,881	7,886	7,997	7,909	7,907	7,909	2
Wood product manufacturing	416.6	414.6	412.7	414.4	418.0	416.0	414.4	415.5	1.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	417.3	420.1	423.4	426.8	419.8	430.9	429.6	429.7	0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	374.4	374.4	375.9	375.5	375.2	375.4	376.1	376.0	-0.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,443.9	1,437.4	1,433.6	1,436.7	1,446.4	1,438.4	1,435.9	1,439.0	3.1
Machinery manufacturing	1,120.4	1,113.3	1,114.1	1,116.5	1,123.0	1,115.6	1,116.9	1,118.9	2.0
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,025.6	1,007.6	1,007.9	1,002.8	1,029.5	1,010.1	1,011.2	1,007.2	-4.0
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	109.2	110.2	109.4	109.5	109.9	110.5	110.2	110.2	0.0
Communications equipment manufacturing	82.5	81.3	82.2	81.6	82.7	81.6	82.3	81.8	-0.5
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	392.4	379.0	379.2	377.4	394.2	380.0	380.3	379.2	-1.1
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	412.1	409.1	409.3	407.2	413.0	409.6	410.1	408.4	-1.7
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	29.4	28.0	27.8	27.1	29.7	28.4	28.2	27.6	-0.6
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	418.0	406.7	405.0	407.0	419.2	406.6	405.9	407.6	1.7
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,797.9	1,766.2	1,760.7	1,756.6	1,800.6	1,769.0	1,766.9	1,763.8	-3.1
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,020.6	1,001.6	1,000.5	997.1	1,018.1	1,003.1	1,002.0	997.3	-4.7
Furniture and related product manufacturing	345.1	335.3	337.2	338.8	345.9	337.1	336.9	338.4	1.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing	617.8	608.1	610.5	610.9	619.7	610.2	612.8	612.4	-0.4
Nondurable goods	4,824	4,827	4,833	4,830	4,850	4,854	4,859	4,856	-3
Food manufacturing	1,749.1	1,759.9	1,758.5	1,759.1	1,763.7	1,769.8	1,771.4	1,774.5	3.1
Textile mills	86.5	85.1	85.7	85.8	86.4	85.6	85.9	85.6	-0.3
Textile product mills	100.9	99.4	100.0	98.1	100.6	99.2	99.7	98.0	-1.7
Apparel manufacturing	84.2	83.7	83.2	83.7	84.1	84.0	84.0	83.7	-0.3
Paper manufacturing	353.6	355.4	354.9	353.9	354.6	355.6	354.6	354.8	0.2
Printing and related support activities	359.6	351.9	352.0	352.1	360.1	353.9	352.8	352.3	-0.5
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	110.0	106.0	107.0	106.5	109.9	108.2	108.5	106.8	-1.7
Chemical manufacturing	894.7	900.5	902.5	900.6	896.3	901.1	901.9	902.0	0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	727.6	719.3	721.0	718.2	728.5	719.5	721.7	719.1	-2.6
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	358.2	366.0	368.5	372.1	365.8	377.1	378.5	379.2	0.7
Private service-providing	112,290	112,786	113,098	113,815	112,695	113,882	114,043	114,199	156
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,656	28,887	28,861	28,915	28,916	29,109	29,134	29,166	32
Wholesale trade	6,122.7	6,149.2	6,155.2	6,170.7	6,137.5	6,181.5	6,180.7	6,186.5	5.8
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,419.8	3,451.9	3,459.8	3,468.2	3,428.3	3,465.1	3,471.1	3,476.9	5.8
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,210.3	2,208.1	2,210.0	2,217.2	2,214.6	2,224.6	2,221.3	2,222.0	0.7
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	492.6	489.2	485.4	485.3	494.6	491.8	488.3	487.6	-0.7
Retail trade	15,406.9	15,404.0	15,428.5	15,465.8	15,545.7	15,569.4	15,591.1	15,589.3	-1.8
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,050.6	2,045.5	2,056.4	2,056.1	2,052.2	2,060.6	2,063.2	2,058.6	-4.6
Automobile dealers	1,284.2	1,292.5	1,297.3	1,295.4	1,285.0	1,295.8	1,299.1	1,297.0	-2.1
Other motor vehicle dealers	171.6	158.5	163.3	164.2	171.5	166.0	166.3	164.3	-2.0
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	594.8	594.5	595.8	596.5	595.6	598.7	597.9	597.3	-0.6
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,425.5	1,345.1	1,384.5	1,423.7	1,398.2	1,389.9	1,391.6	1,394.3	2.7
Food and beverage retailers	3,197.0	3,220.1	3,220.6	3,228.8	3,220.8	3,220.9	3,241.6	3,251.1	9.5
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	796.5	794.3	790.4	782.6	806.8	796.8	795.3	792.9	-2.4
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	406.0	408.1	408.3	402.4	410.8	409.2	408.5	406.5	-2.0
Electronics and appliance retailers	390.5	386.2	382.1	380.2	396.0	387.6	386.7	386.5	-0.2
General merchandise retailers	3,215.4	3,262.9	3,255.7	3,258.7	3,266.2	3,307.9	3,304.6	3,305.0	0.4
Department stores	988.3	1,000.0	993.8	994.4	1,015.3	1,020.1	1,019.8	1,020.2	0.4
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,227.1	2,262.9	2,261.9	2,264.3	2,250.9	2,287.8	2,284.7	2,284.8	0.1
Health and personal care retailers	1,083.7	1,089.0	1,087.6	1,081.0	1,093.1	1,088.5	1,091.6	1,090.0	-1.6
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,046.6	1,048.8	1,049.8	1,051.4	1,053.9	1,061.8	1,060.1	1,058.9	-1.2
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,106.2	1,106.9	1,099.5	1,089.1	1,143.8	1,128.4	1,127.4	1,124.1	-3.3
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,485.4	1,491.4	1,484.0	1,494.4	1,510.7	1,514.6	1,515.7	1,514.4	-1.3
Transportation and warehousing	6,538.5	6,740.5	6,681.3	6,684.2	6,643.7	6,762.8	6,765.5	6,794.5	29.0
Air transportation	562.1	571.8	574.3	577.5	563.5	574.6	575.2	578.1	2.9
Rail transportation	158.3	153.8	153.8	153.8	157.9	154.4	153.7	153.8	0.1
Water transportation	69.6	67.4	68.0	68.7	70.4	69.8	69.9	69.6	-0.3
Truck transportation	1,511.8	1,493.8	1,499.9	1,509.3	1,528.5	1,516.1	1,523.1	1,524.5	1.4
Transit and ground passenger transportation	482.0	499.7	500.6	503.4	468.0	486.3	487.8	489.9	2.1
Pipeline transportation	54.8	59.4	59.2	60.2	54.7	59.0	59.0	59.8	0.8
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	26.4	23.2	24.6	28.2	31.3	30.2	31.4	32.7	1.3
Support activities for transportation	827.6	842.2	843.2	842.9	832.7	843.3	846.1	848.6	2.5
Couriers and messengers	1,014.4	1,194.3	1,131.6	1,111.1	1,087.5	1,185.7	1,175.7	1,184.1	8.4
Warehousing and storage	1,831.5	1,834.9	1,826.1	1,829.1	1,849.2	1,843.4	1,843.6	1,853.4	9.8
Utilities	587.5	593.1	595.7	594.2	588.8	595.3	596.7	596.1	-0.6
Information	2,934	2,921	2,920	2,922	2,952	2,940	2,938	2,938	0
Motion picture and sound recording industries	391.1	398.4	398.2	404.9	397.7	410.2	409.1	411.1	2.0
Publishing industries	910.9	912.8	915.5	916.8	917.4	919.7	921.1	921.8	0.7
Broadcasting and content providers	342.3	335.0	331.6	334.6	342.7	332.9	332.2	334.7	2.5
Telecommunications	622.5	606.1	604.8	599.2	625.3	607.4	604.1	602.3	-1.8
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	483.3	486.4	487.1	483.2	485.6	486.8	488.4	485.2	-3.2
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	183.4	182.1	183.0	182.9	183.2	183.1	182.8	183.0	0.2
Financial activities	9,097	9,183	9,182	9,202	9,152	9,235	9,241	9,255	14
Finance and insurance	6,667.1	6,724.3	6,725.2	6,725.6	6,690.8	6,739.2	6,745.1	6,749.1	4.0
Monetary authorities-central bank	20.4	21.3	21.3	21.3	20.5	21.3	21.4	21.4	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,565.6	2,554.2	2,553.4	2,551.6	2,570.1	2,556.1	2,555.0	2,556.0	1.0
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,783.6	1,773.8	1,773.6	1,770.9	1,786.1	1,773.7	1,773.2	1,773.7	0.5
Commercial banking	1,378.2	1,363.3	1,363.1	1,358.8	1,379.6	1,361.9	1,361.8	1,360.6	-1.2
Nondepository credit intermediation	503.4	504.7	504.6	506.2	505.2	506.0	506.9	507.9	1.0
Activities related to credit intermediation	278.6	275.7	275.2	274.5	278.9	276.4	275.0	274.4	-0.6
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,101.8	1,123.9	1,126.9	1,131.9	1,110.2	1,131.8	1,136.8	1,139.9	3.1
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,979.3	3,024.9	3,023.6	3,020.8	2,990.0	3,030.0	3,031.9	3,031.8	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,429.9	2,459.1	2,456.7	2,476.5	2,460.7	2,495.7	2,496.3	2,505.4	9.1
Real estate	1,842.4	1,861.1	1,858.2	1,868.1	1,860.6	1,882.1	1,881.7	1,885.3	3.6
Rental and leasing services	565.2	575.1	575.7	585.5	577.6	590.4	591.5	597.0	5.5
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.3	22.9	22.8	22.9	22.5	23.2	23.1	23.1	0.0
Professional and business services	22,593	22,328	22,355	22,577	22,645	22,594	22,597	22,614	17
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,827.3	10,856.2	10,848.0	10,885.4	10,804.2	10,855.2	10,861.8	10,865.3	3.5
Legal services	1,188.5	1,185.2	1,187.0	1,190.9	1,194.9	1,191.7	1,195.5	1,196.9	1.4
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,225.2	1,212.6	1,223.6	1,214.4	1,153.3	1,144.5	1,145.2	1,144.3	-0.9
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,674.4	1,717.4	1,716.0	1,729.6	1,691.7	1,739.1	1,741.4	1,746.5	5.1
Specialized design services	150.6	147.5	147.9	147.7	151.3	149.3	149.9	148.7	-1.2
Computer systems design and related services	2,441.5	2,431.0	2,406.3	2,430.4	2,442.7	2,438.4	2,430.8	2,432.1	1.3
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,846.1	1,864.5	1,864.9	1,868.8	1,856.7	1,874.8	1,880.2	1,879.6	-0.6
Scientific research and development services	930.5	933.4	937.0	935.1	936.2	941.2	942.5	940.7	-1.8
Advertising, public relations, and related services	498.8	492.0	490.1	490.0	499.6	493.1	492.2	491.3	-0.9
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	871.7	872.6	875.2	878.5	877.9	883.0	884.2	885.1	0.9
Management of companies and enterprises	2,604.0	2,607.7	2,617.4	2,615.2	2,614.3	2,619.0	2,624.9	2,625.7	0.8
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,161.9	8,864.3	8,889.4	9,076.3	9,226.6	9,119.8	9,110.7	9,122.5	11.8
Administrative and support services	8,656.4	8,350.6	8,376.7	8,555.4	8,718.4	8,598.8	8,591.4	8,599.1	7.7
Office administrative services	616.7	622.2	618.8	620.2	617.7	623.8	622.4	621.6	-0.8
Facilities support services	179.6	184.5	183.7	181.9	180.5	185.4	184.7	183.4	-1.3
Employment services(1)	3,331.0	3,190.6	3,185.5	3,216.6	3,385.0	3,257.7	3,250.3	3,254.1	3.8
Temporary help services	2,618.3	2,488.0	2,488.0	2,516.7	2,665.7	2,541.6	2,538.9	2,542.5	3.6
Business support services	694.3	663.8	657.6	654.9	698.1	664.0	661.3	658.8	-2.5
Travel arrangement and reservation services	186.6	192.6	193.5	195.6	187.9	195.4	195.6	197.0	1.4
Investigation and security services	1,017.5	1,021.8	1,020.3	1,025.8	1,019.7	1,025.5	1,026.0	1,028.5	2.5
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,293.6	2,153.0	2,186.2	2,323.0	2,292.8	2,316.3	2,316.7	2,320.2	3.5
Other support services	337.1	322.1	331.1	337.4	336.8	330.7	334.5	335.6	1.1
Waste management and remediation services	505.5	513.7	512.7	520.9	508.2	521.0	519.3	523.4	4.1
Private education and health services	26,427	27,162	27,228	27,321	26,308	27,058	27,132	27,202	70
Private educational services	4,110.5	4,130.5	4,127.7	4,165.2	3,953.0	3,998.9	3,996.5	4,008.0	11.5
Health care and social assistance	22,316.9	23,031.3	23,100.1	23,156.0	22,355.4	23,058.6	23,135.8	23,194.0	58.2
Health care(3)	17,488.6	18,008.6	18,054.6	18,101.0	17,531.5	18,035.7	18,093.4	18,144.0	50.6
Ambulatory health care services	8,695.8	8,965.7	8,971.3	8,993.7	8,712.2	8,972.9	8,991.2	9,012.6	21.4
Offices of physicians	2,946.9	3,028.5	3,025.6	3,035.5	2,955.5	3,030.4	3,035.6	3,043.6	8.0
Offices of dentists	1,034.3	1,051.6	1,047.4	1,052.8	1,038.9	1,054.4	1,053.7	1,057.1	3.4
Offices of other health practitioners	1,218.8	1,262.2	1,268.1	1,275.1	1,219.7	1,264.0	1,272.3	1,277.0	4.7
Outpatient care centers	1,110.2	1,118.9	1,115.0	1,117.7	1,112.0	1,117.9	1,115.2	1,120.6	5.4
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	313.0	308.3	308.4	308.1	311.2	306.4	307.4	306.6	-0.8
Home health care services	1,715.3	1,838.0	1,845.2	1,842.8	1,717.7	1,841.1	1,845.7	1,845.8	0.1
Other ambulatory health care services	357.3	358.2	361.6	361.7	357.2	358.7	361.4	361.9	0.5
Hospitals	5,505.9	5,661.2	5,685.6	5,702.2	5,520.9	5,669.1	5,693.9	5,716.0	22.1
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,286.9	3,381.7	3,397.7	3,405.1	3,298.4	3,393.7	3,408.3	3,415.4	7.1
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,481.2	1,518.4	1,528.6	1,531.0	1,488.9	1,525.7	1,534.7	1,537.6	2.9
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	663.3	685.6	691.9	692.9	665.5	687.5	694.2	695.0	0.8
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	979.5	1,007.0	1,006.5	1,008.5	980.3	1,009.9	1,008.6	1,009.9	1.3
Other residential care facilities	162.9	170.7	170.7	172.7	163.7	170.6	170.8	173.0	2.2
Social assistance	4,828.3	5,022.7	5,045.5	5,055.0	4,823.9	5,022.9	5,042.4	5,050.0	7.6
Individual and family services	3,212.6	3,396.2	3,410.4	3,411.9	3,216.3	3,398.2	3,414.4	3,416.8	2.4
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	231.7	238.9	240.0	241.8	231.8	239.3	239.9	241.6	1.7
Vocational rehabilitation services	283.9	283.3	283.7	283.3	285.0	284.7	284.8	284.5	-0.3
Child care services	1,100.1	1,104.3	1,111.4	1,118.0	1,090.7	1,100.7	1,103.3	1,107.1	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	16,640	16,346	16,559	16,857	16,768	16,931	16,969	16,993	24
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,547.7	2,460.7	2,525.3	2,633.2	2,605.2	2,683.3	2,690.5	2,693.6	3.1
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	592.1	576.7	595.4	634.8	576.3	619.1	623.4	621.1	-2.3
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	175.5	171.6	174.7	178.7	178.9	183.9	183.0	182.7	-0.3
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,780.1	1,712.4	1,755.2	1,819.7	1,850.0	1,880.3	1,884.1	1,889.8	5.7
Accommodation and food services	14,092.2	13,885.2	14,033.4	14,223.5	14,162.8	14,247.8	14,278.3	14,298.9	20.6
Accommodation	1,887.1	1,861.5	1,881.8	1,909.0	1,929.6	1,948.7	1,948.5	1,952.5	4.0
Food services and drinking places	12,205.1	12,023.7	12,151.6	12,314.5	12,233.2	12,299.1	12,329.8	12,346.4	16.6
Other services	5,943	5,959	5,993	6,021	5,954	6,015	6,032	6,031	-1
Repair and maintenance	1,469.9	1,467.1	1,479.2	1,486.0	1,468.2	1,476.8	1,483.9	1,483.8	-0.1
Personal and laundry services	1,579.3	1,596.4	1,601.5	1,615.8	1,579.2	1,613.3	1,616.2	1,617.4	1.2
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,894.1	2,895.6	2,911.9	2,918.7	2,906.3	2,924.7	2,931.9	2,929.9	-2.0
Government	23,634	23,840	23,909	23,939	23,290	23,587	23,602	23,612	10
Federal	2,991	2,992	2,991	2,982	2,995	3,002	2,998	2,989	-9
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,379.8	2,391.5	2,391.5	2,378.0	2,388.0	2,401.7	2,397.9	2,389.4	-8.5
U.S. Postal Service	611.1	600.3	599.5	604.2	607.1	600.5	599.8	600.0	0.2
State government	5,576	5,645	5,661	5,675	5,418	5,514	5,516	5,522	6
State government education	2,766.3	2,767.7	2,779.0	2,785.3	2,603.2	2,624.0	2,623.4	2,624.8	1.4
State government, excluding education	2,809.3	2,877.2	2,882.1	2,889.7	2,814.8	2,890.4	2,892.6	2,896.9	4.3
Local government	15,067	15,203	15,257	15,282	14,877	15,071	15,088	15,101	13
Local government education	8,384.2	8,462.8	8,493.2	8,483.7	8,119.9	8,206.0	8,216.5	8,223.2	6.7
Local government, excluding education	6,682.3	6,740.4	6,763.9	6,797.8	6,756.9	6,864.8	6,871.3	6,877.7	6.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.2	34.2	34.3	34.3
Goods-producing	39.7	39.7	40.0	39.8
Mining and logging	44.4	43.8	44.2	45.0
Construction	38.7	38.7	39.3	39.0
Manufacturing	40.1	40.1	40.2	40.0
Durable goods	40.5	40.5	40.7	40.4
Nondurable goods	39.3	39.4	39.4	39.4
Private service-providing	33.2	33.2	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.8	33.9	34.0	34.3
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.2	39.1	39.4
Retail trade	29.6	29.7	29.7	30.0
Transportation and warehousing	37.9	38.2	38.5	38.7
Utilities	42.2	41.9	42.3	42.1
Information	36.4	37.1	37.2	37.2
Financial activities	37.5	37.7	37.7	37.6
Professional and business services	36.4	36.3	36.4	36.3
Private education and health services	33.1	32.8	32.7	32.8
Leisure and hospitality	25.5	25.5	25.5	25.5
Other services	32.2	31.9	32.0	32.0
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
Durable goods	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9
Nondurable goods	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)
Total private	$34.75	$35.90	$36.00	$36.06	$1,188.45	$1,227.78	$1,234.80	$1,236.86
Goods-producing	35.42	36.63	36.85	36.83	1,406.17	1,454.21	1,474.00	1,465.83
Mining and logging	39.69	40.18	40.23	40.23	1,762.24	1,759.88	1,778.17	1,810.35
Construction	37.97	39.12	39.21	39.33	1,469.44	1,513.94	1,540.95	1,533.87
Manufacturing	33.62	34.88	35.17	35.06	1,348.16	1,398.69	1,413.83	1,402.40
Durable goods	35.52	36.97	37.40	37.26	1,438.56	1,497.29	1,522.18	1,505.30
Nondurable goods	30.38	31.37	31.42	31.38	1,193.93	1,235.98	1,237.95	1,236.37
Private service-providing	34.60	35.73	35.81	35.88	1,148.72	1,186.24	1,188.89	1,191.22
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.83	30.52	30.71	30.84	1,008.25	1,034.63	1,044.14	1,057.81
Wholesale trade	37.55	38.13	38.32	38.50	1,468.21	1,494.70	1,498.31	1,516.90
Retail trade	24.32	25.04	25.27	25.41	719.87	743.69	750.52	762.30
Transportation and warehousing	30.48	31.12	31.25	31.39	1,155.19	1,188.78	1,203.13	1,214.79
Utilities	50.92	52.09	52.17	51.93	2,148.82	2,182.57	2,206.79	2,186.25
Information	49.34	51.46	51.39	51.89	1,795.98	1,909.17	1,911.71	1,930.31
Financial activities	45.24	46.73	46.98	47.20	1,696.50	1,761.72	1,771.15	1,774.72
Professional and business services	41.79	43.54	43.61	43.64	1,521.16	1,580.50	1,587.40	1,584.13
Private education and health services	34.06	35.17	35.10	35.18	1,127.39	1,153.58	1,147.77	1,153.90
Leisure and hospitality	21.87	22.57	22.70	22.70	557.69	575.54	578.85	578.85
Other services	31.50	32.55	32.36	32.40	1,014.30	1,038.35	1,035.52	1,036.80
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2025 - Apr. 2025(p)	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2025 - Apr. 2025(p)
Total private	115.3	116.4	116.9	117.0	0.1	191.6	199.8	201.2	201.7	0.2
Goods-producing	98.0	98.1	98.9	98.5	-0.4	156.8	162.4	164.7	163.9	-0.5
Mining and logging	87.9	86.0	86.7	88.4	2.0	140.1	138.8	140.0	142.7	1.9
Construction	109.0	110.7	112.5	111.8	-0.6	179.9	188.2	191.7	191.1	-0.3
Manufacturing	92.7	92.1	92.4	91.9	-0.5	145.0	149.4	151.1	149.9	-0.8
Durable goods	91.2	90.2	90.6	90.0	-0.7	143.9	148.2	150.6	149.0	-1.1
Nondurable goods	95.1	95.5	95.6	95.5	-0.1	146.7	151.9	152.3	152.1	-0.1
Private service-providing	120.4	121.7	121.9	122.1	0.2	202.5	211.4	212.1	212.8	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.8	107.8	108.2	109.3	1.0	171.8	177.5	179.2	181.8	1.5
Wholesale trade	105.9	106.9	106.6	107.5	0.8	166.3	170.5	170.9	173.2	1.3
Retail trade	93.7	94.1	94.2	95.2	1.1	150.6	155.8	157.5	159.9	1.5
Transportation and warehousing	144.7	148.4	149.7	151.1	0.9	224.3	235.0	237.9	241.3	1.4
Utilities	107.5	108.0	109.2	108.6	-0.5	180.9	185.8	188.3	186.3	-1.1
Information	98.2	99.6	99.8	99.8	0.0	172.4	182.5	182.7	184.4	0.9
Financial activities	112.4	114.1	114.1	114.0	-0.1	198.4	207.9	209.1	209.9	0.4
Professional and business services	128.9	128.3	128.6	128.4	-0.2	218.2	226.2	227.2	226.9	-0.1
Private education and health services	142.2	145.0	144.9	145.7	0.6	233.0	245.3	244.7	246.6	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	122.0	123.2	123.5	123.6	0.1	215.3	224.3	226.1	226.4	0.1
Other services	110.5	110.6	111.3	111.3	0.0	190.8	197.4	197.4	197.6	0.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)
Total nonfarm	78,667	79,354	79,428	79,526	49.9	49.9	49.8	49.9
Total private	65,064	65,560	65,632	65,713	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,978	4,964	4,968	4,955	23.0	22.9	22.9	22.8
Mining and logging	86	87	87	87	13.7	13.9	13.9	13.9
Construction	1,165	1,192	1,200	1,198	14.3	14.4	14.4	14.4
Manufacturing	3,727	3,685	3,681	3,670	29.0	28.9	28.8	28.8
Durable goods	1,976	1,929	1,928	1,924	24.7	24.4	24.4	24.3
Nondurable goods	1,751	1,756	1,753	1,746	36.1	36.2	36.1	36.0
Private service-providing	60,086	60,596	60,664	60,758	53.3	53.2	53.2	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,238	11,273	11,274	11,288	38.9	38.7	38.7	38.7
Wholesale trade	1,861.6	1,885.0	1,887.3	1,891.3	30.3	30.5	30.5	30.6
Retail trade	7,464.0	7,456.3	7,456.7	7,459.7	48.0	47.9	47.8	47.9
Transportation and warehousing	1,758.2	1,776.8	1,775.3	1,782.3	26.5	26.3	26.2	26.2
Utilities	154.5	154.9	154.4	154.4	26.2	26.0	25.9	25.9
Information	1,188	1,168	1,172	1,175	40.2	39.7	39.9	40.0
Financial activities	5,090	5,094	5,090	5,089	55.6	55.2	55.1	55.0
Professional and business services	10,392	10,252	10,235	10,227	45.9	45.4	45.3	45.2
Private education and health services	20,193	20,728	20,774	20,838	76.8	76.6	76.6	76.6
Leisure and hospitality	8,791	8,843	8,867	8,884	52.4	52.2	52.3	52.3
Other services	3,194	3,238	3,252	3,257	53.6	53.8	53.9	54.0
Government	13,603	13,794	13,796	13,813	58.4	58.5	58.5	58.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)
Total private	109,361	110,486	110,598	110,732
Goods-producing	15,412	15,390	15,394	15,400
Mining and logging	491	470	466	465
Construction	5,973	6,018	6,023	6,035
Manufacturing	8,948	8,902	8,905	8,900
Durable goods	5,448	5,369	5,367	5,368
Nondurable goods	3,500	3,533	3,538	3,532
Private service-providing	93,949	95,096	95,204	95,332
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,420	24,672	24,682	24,707
Wholesale trade	4,840.1	4,890.7	4,885.6	4,881.7
Retail trade	13,302.2	13,365.6	13,392.4	13,403.0
Transportation and warehousing	5,808.9	5,944.1	5,930.6	5,950.3
Utilities	469.1	472.0	473.1	472.2
Information	2,363	2,355	2,346	2,347
Financial activities	6,901	6,985	6,988	6,989
Professional and business services	17,838	17,749	17,752	17,772
Private education and health services	22,934	23,698	23,759	23,828
Leisure and hospitality	14,654	14,757	14,781	14,796
Other services	4,839	4,880	4,896	4,893
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.6	33.8	33.8
Goods-producing	40.3	40.6	40.8	40.7
Mining and logging	46.8	44.9	44.9	46.4
Construction	39.4	39.6	39.9	40.0
Manufacturing	40.6	41.0	41.1	40.9
Durable goods	40.9	41.2	41.4	41.1
Nondurable goods	40.2	40.6	40.7	40.5
Private service-providing	32.6	32.5	32.7	32.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	34.1	34.2	34.4
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.1	39.2	39.3
Retail trade	30.1	30.3	30.4	30.6
Transportation and warehousing	37.4	37.9	38.1	38.5
Utilities	42.3	42.3	42.4	42.2
Information	35.8	35.7	35.7	35.4
Financial activities	37.0	37.3	37.3	37.4
Professional and business services	36.4	36.2	36.4	36.4
Private education and health services	32.3	31.9	31.9	31.9
Leisure and hospitality	24.1	23.9	24.8	24.1
Other services	31.3	30.9	31.0	31.1
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.6
Durable goods	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5
Nondurable goods	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)
Total private	$29.85	$30.91	$30.96	$31.06	$1,005.95	$1,038.58	$1,046.45	$1,049.83
Goods-producing	30.82	31.98	32.18	32.23	1,242.05	1,298.39	1,312.94	1,311.76
Mining and logging	36.32	37.11	37.22	37.09	1,699.78	1,666.24	1,671.18	1,720.98
Construction	35.40	36.66	36.78	36.96	1,394.76	1,451.74	1,467.52	1,478.40
Manufacturing	27.51	28.64	28.87	28.80	1,116.91	1,174.24	1,186.56	1,177.92
Durable goods	28.99	30.22	30.56	30.38	1,185.69	1,245.06	1,265.18	1,248.62
Nondurable goods	25.17	26.20	26.27	26.37	1,011.83	1,063.72	1,069.19	1,067.99
Private service-providing	29.66	30.69	30.71	30.83	966.92	997.43	1,004.22	1,005.06
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.93	26.49	26.62	26.72	879.03	903.31	910.40	919.17
Wholesale trade	31.20	31.75	31.76	32.04	1,219.92	1,241.43	1,244.99	1,259.17
Retail trade	20.82	21.31	21.47	21.44	626.68	645.69	652.69	656.06
Transportation and warehousing	29.00	29.61	29.83	30.05	1,084.60	1,122.22	1,136.52	1,156.93
Utilities	45.20	46.03	46.07	45.89	1,911.96	1,947.07	1,953.37	1,936.56
Information	40.59	42.35	42.84	42.86	1,453.12	1,511.90	1,529.39	1,517.24
Financial activities	35.48	36.67	36.83	36.98	1,312.76	1,367.79	1,373.76	1,383.05
Professional and business services	35.12	36.65	36.70	36.81	1,278.37	1,326.73	1,335.88	1,339.88
Private education and health services	31.14	32.38	32.37	32.47	1,005.82	1,032.92	1,032.60	1,035.79
Leisure and hospitality	19.40	20.00	20.03	20.02	467.54	478.00	496.74	482.48
Other services	27.29	28.41	28.23	28.36	854.18	877.87	875.13	882.00
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2025 - Apr. 2025(p)	Apr. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025(p)	Apr. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2025 - Apr. 2025(p)
Total private	122.8	123.7	124.6	124.7	0.1	245.0	255.6	257.8	258.9	0.4
Goods-producing	94.9	95.5	96.0	95.8	-0.2	179.1	187.0	189.1	189.0	-0.1
Mining and logging	122.1	112.1	111.2	114.7	3.1	257.9	242.0	240.7	247.3	2.7
Construction	117.8	119.3	120.3	120.9	0.5	225.2	236.2	239.0	241.2	0.9
Manufacturing	83.4	83.8	84.0	83.6	-0.5	150.0	156.9	158.6	157.4	-0.8
Durable goods	83.7	83.1	83.5	82.9	-0.7	151.5	156.8	159.3	157.2	-1.3
Nondurable goods	82.9	84.5	84.8	84.3	-0.6	147.4	156.5	157.5	157.1	-0.3
Private service-providing	130.5	131.7	132.6	132.4	-0.2	265.5	277.2	279.4	280.0	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.9	117.8	118.2	119.0	0.7	214.7	223.0	224.8	227.2	1.1
Wholesale trade	112.3	113.5	113.7	113.9	0.2	206.8	212.7	213.1	215.3	1.0
Retail trade	101.5	102.7	103.2	104.0	0.8	181.2	187.6	190.0	191.2	0.6
Transportation and warehousing	164.4	170.5	171.0	173.4	1.4	303.5	321.3	324.7	331.6	2.1
Utilities	101.5	102.1	102.6	101.9	-0.7	191.4	196.1	197.2	195.1	-1.1
Information	96.6	96.0	95.6	94.8	-0.8	194.0	201.2	202.7	201.2	-0.7
Financial activities	120.2	122.6	122.7	123.0	0.2	262.3	276.6	278.0	279.9	0.7
Professional and business services	144.9	143.4	144.2	144.4	0.1	302.8	312.7	314.9	316.2	0.4
Private education and health services	157.9	161.2	161.6	162.1	0.3	324.6	344.5	345.3	347.3	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	129.4	129.2	134.3	130.6	-2.8	285.0	293.4	305.4	297.0	-2.8
Other services	106.2	105.8	106.4	106.7	0.3	211.2	218.9	218.9	220.5	0.7
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.