Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 09-0482
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release
http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, May 8, 2009.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 2009
Nonfarm payroll employment continued to decline in April (-539,000), and
the unemployment rate rose from 8.5 to 8.9 percent, the Bureau of Labor Sta-
tistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Since the recession
began in December 2007, 5.7 million jobs have been lost. In April, job los-
ses were large and widespread across nearly all major private-sector indus-
tries. Overall, private-sector employment fell by 611,000.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons increased by 563,000 to 13.7 million in
April, and the unemployment rate rose to 8.9 percent. Over the past 12 months,
the number of unemployed persons has risen by 6.0 million, and the unemployment
rate has grown by 3.9 percentage points. (See table A-1.)
Unemployment rates rose in April for adult men (9.4 percent) and blacks
(15.0 percent). The jobless rates for adult women (7.1 percent), teenagers
(21.5 percent), whites (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (11.3 percent) were little
changed over the month. The unemployment rate for Asians was 6.6 percent in
April, not seasonally adjusted, up from 3.2 percent a year earlier. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs rose by 571,000 in April to 8.8 million. This group has more
than doubled in size over the past 12 months. (See table A-8.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more)
increased by 498,000 to 3.7 million over the month and has risen by 2.4 mil-
lion since the start of the recession in December 2007. (See table A-9.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
The civilian labor force participation rate rose in April to 65.8 percent,
and the employment-population ratio was unchanged at 59.9 percent. The employ-
ment-population ratios for adult men and women showed little or no change over
the month. However, since December 2007, the men's ratio was down by 4.4 per-
centage points, while the women's ratio was down by 1.3 percentage points.
(See table A-1.)
In April, the number of persons working part time for economic reasons
(sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was essentially un-
changed at 8.9 million; however, the number of such workers has risen by 3.7
million over the past 12 months. (See table A-5.)
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
_______________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data | Mar.-
Category |_________________|__________________________| Apr.
| | | | | | change
| IV | I | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 |
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Civilian labor force ....| 154,648| 153,993| 154,214| 154,048| 154,731| 683
Employment ............| 144,046| 141,578| 141,748| 140,887| 141,007| 120
Unemployment ..........| 10,602| 12,415| 12,467| 13,161| 13,724| 563
Not in labor force ......| 80,177| 80,920| 80,699| 81,038| 80,541| -497
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Unemployment rates
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
All workers .............| 6.9| 8.1| 8.1| 8.5| 8.9| 0.4
Adult men .............| 6.8| 8.2| 8.1| 8.8| 9.4| .6
Adult women ...........| 5.6| 6.7| 6.7| 7.0| 7.1| .1
Teenagers .............| 20.7| 21.3| 21.6| 21.7| 21.5| -.2
White .................| 6.3| 7.4| 7.3| 7.9| 8.0| .1
Black or African | | | | | |
American ............| 11.5| 13.1| 13.4| 13.3| 15.0| 1.7
Hispanic or Latino | | | | | |
ethnicity ...........| 8.9| 10.7| 10.9| 11.4| 11.3| -.1
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Nonfarm employment.......| 135,727|p133,646| 133,652|p132,953|p132,414| p-539
Goods-producing (1)....| 20,803| p19,824| 19,832| p19,514| p19,244| p-270
Construction ........| 6,949| p6,586| 6,593| p6,458| p6,348| p-110
Manufacturing .......| 13,062| p12,470| 12,468| p12,301| p12,152| p-149
Service-providing (1)..| 114,924|p113,822| 113,820|p113,439|p113,170| p-269
Retail trade (2)...| 15,127| p14,932| 14,934| p14,870| p14,824| p-47
Professional and | | | | | |
business services .| 17,485| p17,044| 17,029| p16,899| p16,777| p-122
Education and health | | | | | |
services ..........| 19,035| p19,135| 19,138| p19,148| p19,163| p15
Leisure and | | | | | |
hospitality .......| 13,348| p13,233| 13,236| p13,194| p13,150| p-44
Government ..........| 22,538| p22,543| 22,547| p22,541| p22,613| p72
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Hours of work (3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 33.4| p33.3| 33.3| p33.2| p33.2| p0.0
Manufacturing .........| 40.2| p39.6| 39.5| p39.4| p39.6| p.2
Overtime ............| 3.2| p2.7| 2.7| p2.6| p2.7| p.1
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 104.1| p101.8| 101.9| p100.9| p100.3| p-0.6
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Earnings (3)
|_____________________________________________________
Average hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| $18.34| p$18.46| $18.46| p$18.50| p$18.51| p$0.01
Average weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| 612.55| p614.21| 614.72| p614.20| p614.53| p.33
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using
unrounded data.
3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.
p = preliminary.
- 3 -
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 2.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached
to the labor force in April, 675,000 more than a year earlier. These indivi-
duals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in
the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally
attached, there were 740,000 discouraged workers in April, up by 328,000 from a
year earlier. Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work
because they believe no jobs are available for them. The other 1.4 million per-
sons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work
in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or
family responsibilities. (See table A-13.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 539,000 in April to 132.4 million; pri-
vate-sector employment declined by 611,000. Since the recession began in
December 2007, payroll employment has fallen by 5.7 million. In April, job los-
ses continued in most major private-sector industries. Employment rose in the
federal government mainly due to hiring of temporary workers for Census 2010.
(See table B-1.)
Employment in manufacturing fell by 149,000 over the month, with widespread
job losses among the component industries. Three durable goods industries--
transportation equipment (-34,000), fabricated metal products (-29,000), and
machinery (-22,000)--accounted for more than half of the decline. Since
September 2008, manufacturing has lost 1.2 million jobs.
Construction employment declined by 110,000 in April, with losses spread
throughout the sector. Over the past 6 months, job losses have averaged
120,000 per month, compared with 46,000 per month from December 2007 through
October 2008.
The professional and business services industry lost 122,000 jobs in April.
This industry has shed an average of 139,000 jobs per month since October 2008.
Half of the April decline occurred in temporary help services.
Employment in retail trade fell by 47,000 in April. Job losses in department
stores (-14,000), automobile dealers (-9,000), and building material and garden
supply stores (-8,000) accounted for most of the decline. Wholesale trade em-
ployment was down by 41,000 over the month, with much of the decrease among dur-
able goods wholesalers.
Employment in transportation and warehousing declined by 38,000 in April,
with losses concentrated in truck transportation (-16,000) and warehousing and
storage (-8,000). Employment in financial activities declined by 40,000 over
the month. Job losses occurred throughout the sector, including real estate and
rental and leasing (-15,000) and credit intermediation and related activities
(-14,000). The leisure and hospitality industry lost 44,000 jobs in April.
Health care employment grew by 17,000 in April. Job gains in health care
have averaged 17,000 per month thus far in 2009, down from an average of 30,000
per month during 2008. Employment in federal government rose by 66,000 over the
month largely due to the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2010 preparatory
work.
- 4 -
The change in total nonfarm employment for February was revised from -651,000
to -681,000, and the change for March was revised from -663,000 to -699,000.
Monthly revisions result from additional sample reports and the monthly recal-
culation of seasonal factors.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
In April, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.2 hours, seasonally adjusted. The
manufacturing workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 39.6 hours, and factory overtime
rose by 0.1 hour to 2.7 hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.6 percent in April. The manufacturing in-
dex declined by 0.9 percent over the month. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
In April, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls was essentially unchanged. This followed a gain of
4 cents in March. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings increased by
3.2 percent, and average weekly earnings rose by 1.3 percent. (See table B-3.)
_____________________________
The Employment Situation for May 2009 is scheduled to be released on Friday,
June 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
- 5 -
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The estab-
lishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea-
surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 107,000 is
statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for
a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.
However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establish-
ment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the
establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of
employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the
legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include
at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many
are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about
whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these ques-
tions show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.6 percent of the labor
force in 2008.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the
time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey
revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the
survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on
the monthly revisions, please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark
revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts
available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps
to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.
gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment esti-
mate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to
achieve that goal.
- 6 -
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs
impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net
impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into
the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its
appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of
households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and
available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary
layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no
requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the
monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force
who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of
labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially
counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news
release.
- 7 -
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households con-
ducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours,
and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS
in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses
and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites.
The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The
sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calen-
dar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey,
the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not
correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work
and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household
is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their
jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or
personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those
not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemploy-
ment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor
force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the
employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
- 8 -
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm
businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay
for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons
are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private busi-
nesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and non-
supervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on
the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the
North American Industry Classification System.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important dis-
tinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid
family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are
excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The
establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The
establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals
are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment
survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than
one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of
employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the
opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-
month changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics
from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as de-
clines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place rela-
tive to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has
risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in pre-
vious years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow
for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
- 9 -
Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or
more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data
are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of con-
fidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are
generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment
from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the
estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The
90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to
530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are
off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes
values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in
fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then
all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero.
In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had,
in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for
the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower stan-
dard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the
data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal
adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
- 10 -
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a seg-
ment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or pro-
cessing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are
based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly esti-
mate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inabil-
ity to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two
components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business
deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-
based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out
of business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The
second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net
birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series
used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance uni-
verse micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths
over the past five years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year
(on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administra-
tive records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March
sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark
revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also
incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute
benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range
from 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 233,198 235,086 235,271 233,198 235,035 234,739 234,913 235,086 235,271
Civilian labor force....................... 153,208 153,728 153,834 153,932 154,447 153,716 154,214 154,048 154,731
Participation rate................... 65.7 65.4 65.4 66.0 65.7 65.5 65.6 65.5 65.8
Employed................................. 145,921 139,833 140,586 146,257 143,338 142,099 141,748 140,887 141,007
Employment-population ratio.......... 62.6 59.5 59.8 62.7 61.0 60.5 60.3 59.9 59.9
Unemployed............................... 7,287 13,895 13,248 7,675 11,108 11,616 12,467 13,161 13,724
Unemployment rate.................... 4.8 9.0 8.6 5.0 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.5 8.9
Not in labor force......................... 79,990 81,358 81,437 79,267 80,588 81,023 80,699 81,038 80,541
Persons who currently want a job......... 4,677 5,535 5,868 4,782 5,488 5,643 5,645 5,814 5,935
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 112,803 113,758 113,857 112,803 113,769 113,573 113,666 113,758 113,857
Civilian labor force....................... 81,864 81,839 81,878 82,290 82,338 81,863 81,994 81,804 82,358
Participation rate................... 72.6 71.9 71.9 73.0 72.4 72.1 72.1 71.9 72.3
Employed................................. 77,745 73,195 73,771 78,029 75,847 75,092 74,777 74,053 74,116
Employment-population ratio.......... 68.9 64.3 64.8 69.2 66.7 66.1 65.8 65.1 65.1
Unemployed............................... 4,119 8,644 8,107 4,262 6,491 6,771 7,217 7,751 8,242
Unemployment rate.................... 5.0 10.6 9.9 5.2 7.9 8.3 8.8 9.5 10.0
Not in labor force......................... 30,939 31,919 31,979 30,512 31,431 31,710 31,672 31,954 31,498
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 104,152 105,095 105,196 104,152 105,083 104,902 104,999 105,095 105,196
Civilian labor force....................... 78,632 78,826 78,811 78,820 78,998 78,585 78,687 78,578 79,081
Participation rate................... 75.5 75.0 74.9 75.7 75.2 74.9 74.9 74.8 75.2
Employed................................. 75,048 70,984 71,468 75,147 73,285 72,613 72,293 71,655 71,678
Employment-population ratio.......... 72.1 67.5 67.9 72.2 69.7 69.2 68.9 68.2 68.1
Unemployed............................... 3,584 7,842 7,343 3,673 5,714 5,972 6,394 6,923 7,403
Unemployment rate.................... 4.6 9.9 9.3 4.7 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.8 9.4
Not in labor force......................... 25,520 26,269 26,386 25,332 26,085 26,318 26,312 26,516 26,115
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 120,396 121,328 121,415 120,396 121,266 121,166 121,247 121,328 121,415
Civilian labor force....................... 71,344 71,889 71,956 71,641 72,109 71,853 72,220 72,244 72,372
Participation rate................... 59.3 59.3 59.3 59.5 59.5 59.3 59.6 59.5 59.6
Employed................................. 68,176 66,638 66,815 68,228 67,491 67,007 66,970 66,834 66,890
Employment-population ratio.......... 56.6 54.9 55.0 56.7 55.7 55.3 55.2 55.1 55.1
Unemployed............................... 3,168 5,251 5,141 3,413 4,618 4,845 5,250 5,410 5,482
Unemployment rate.................... 4.4 7.3 7.1 4.8 6.4 6.7 7.3 7.5 7.6
Not in labor force......................... 49,052 49,438 49,458 48,754 49,157 49,313 49,027 49,084 49,042
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 111,990 112,908 112,999 111,990 112,825 112,738 112,824 112,908 112,999
Civilian labor force....................... 68,053 68,883 68,957 68,118 68,891 68,584 68,917 68,977 69,148
Participation rate................... 60.8 61.0 61.0 60.8 61.1 60.8 61.1 61.1 61.2
Employed................................. 65,329 64,123 64,318 65,196 64,860 64,298 64,271 64,148 64,226
Employment-population ratio.......... 58.3 56.8 56.9 58.2 57.5 57.0 57.0 56.8 56.8
Unemployed............................... 2,724 4,760 4,639 2,923 4,031 4,286 4,646 4,828 4,922
Unemployment rate.................... 4.0 6.9 6.7 4.3 5.9 6.2 6.7 7.0 7.1
Not in labor force......................... 43,937 44,025 44,041 43,872 43,935 44,154 43,907 43,931 43,850
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 17,056 17,083 17,076 17,056 17,126 17,098 17,090 17,083 17,076
Civilian labor force....................... 6,523 6,019 6,066 6,993 6,557 6,547 6,610 6,493 6,501
Participation rate................... 38.2 35.2 35.5 41.0 38.3 38.3 38.7 38.0 38.1
Employed................................. 5,544 4,726 4,799 5,914 5,194 5,188 5,184 5,083 5,103
Employment-population ratio.......... 32.5 27.7 28.1 34.7 30.3 30.3 30.3 29.8 29.9
Unemployed............................... 979 1,293 1,267 1,079 1,363 1,359 1,427 1,410 1,398
Unemployment rate.................... 15.0 21.5 20.9 15.4 20.8 20.8 21.6 21.7 21.5
Not in labor force......................... 10,533 11,064 11,010 10,063 10,568 10,551 10,480 10,590 10,575
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 189,147 190,436 190,552 189,147 190,351 190,225 190,331 190,436 190,552
Civilian labor force....................... 124,599 125,433 125,316 125,198 125,634 125,312 125,703 125,599 126,110
Participation rate..................... 65.9 65.9 65.8 66.2 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.0 66.2
Employed................................. 119,341 114,831 115,587 119,644 117,357 116,692 116,481 115,693 115,977
Employment-population ratio............ 63.1 60.3 60.7 63.3 61.7 61.3 61.2 60.8 60.9
Unemployed............................... 5,258 10,602 9,729 5,554 8,277 8,621 9,222 9,906 10,133
Unemployment rate...................... 4.2 8.5 7.8 4.4 6.6 6.9 7.3 7.9 8.0
Not in labor force......................... 64,548 65,003 65,235 63,949 64,718 64,913 64,628 64,837 64,441
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 65,110 65,363 65,298 65,220 65,331 65,126 65,180 65,032 65,509
Participation rate..................... 75.8 75.5 75.4 76.0 75.5 75.4 75.4 75.2 75.7
Employed................................. 62,483 59,307 59,847 62,510 61,101 60,683 60,361 59,811 59,967
Employment-population ratio............ 72.8 68.5 69.1 72.8 70.7 70.2 69.8 69.1 69.3
Unemployed............................... 2,627 6,056 5,451 2,710 4,230 4,443 4,819 5,221 5,543
Unemployment rate...................... 4.0 9.3 8.3 4.2 6.5 6.8 7.4 8.0 8.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 54,102 54,997 55,033 54,206 54,878 54,786 54,967 55,115 55,227
Participation rate..................... 60.0 60.5 60.5 60.1 60.5 60.4 60.5 60.7 60.8
Employed................................. 52,195 51,462 51,692 52,180 51,846 51,601 51,624 51,519 51,695
Employment-population ratio............ 57.9 56.6 56.9 57.8 57.1 56.9 56.9 56.7 56.9
Unemployed............................... 1,907 3,535 3,341 2,026 3,031 3,185 3,344 3,596 3,533
Unemployment rate...................... 3.5 6.4 6.1 3.7 5.5 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 5,386 5,073 4,986 5,772 5,425 5,400 5,556 5,452 5,374
Participation rate..................... 41.2 38.8 38.2 44.1 41.4 41.3 42.5 41.7 41.1
Employed................................. 4,663 4,062 4,049 4,955 4,409 4,408 4,497 4,363 4,316
Employment-population ratio............ 35.7 31.1 31.0 37.9 33.6 33.7 34.4 33.4 33.0
Unemployed............................... 723 1,010 937 817 1,016 993 1,059 1,089 1,058
Unemployment rate...................... 13.4 19.9 18.8 14.2 18.7 18.4 19.1 20.0 19.7
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 27,746 28,118 28,153 27,746 28,059 28,052 28,085 28,118 28,153
Civilian labor force....................... 17,654 17,429 17,670 17,755 17,796 17,791 17,703 17,542 17,816
Participation rate..................... 63.6 62.0 62.8 64.0 63.4 63.4 63.0 62.4 63.3
Employed................................. 16,207 15,074 15,119 16,200 15,674 15,546 15,336 15,212 15,142
Employment-population ratio............ 58.4 53.6 53.7 58.4 55.9 55.4 54.6 54.1 53.8
Unemployed............................... 1,447 2,355 2,551 1,555 2,122 2,245 2,368 2,330 2,673
Unemployment rate...................... 8.2 13.5 14.4 8.8 11.9 12.6 13.4 13.3 15.0
Not in labor force......................... 10,092 10,689 10,483 9,991 10,263 10,261 10,382 10,576 10,337
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 7,905 7,850 7,932 7,943 7,999 7,979 7,949 7,917 7,990
Participation rate..................... 70.9 69.4 70.0 71.2 70.8 70.7 70.4 70.0 70.5
Employed................................. 7,243 6,566 6,567 7,262 6,930 6,850 6,762 6,700 6,620
Employment-population ratio............ 65.0 58.0 58.0 65.1 61.4 60.7 59.9 59.2 58.4
Unemployed............................... 662 1,284 1,365 681 1,069 1,129 1,187 1,218 1,370
Unemployment rate...................... 8.4 16.4 17.2 8.6 13.4 14.1 14.9 15.4 17.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 9,039 8,935 9,023 9,044 9,060 9,022 9,006 8,932 9,064
Participation rate..................... 64.9 63.3 63.9 64.9 64.4 64.1 63.9 63.3 64.1
Employed................................. 8,419 8,071 8,076 8,359 8,256 8,194 8,115 8,045 8,025
Employment-population ratio............ 60.4 57.2 57.2 60.0 58.7 58.2 57.6 57.0 56.8
Unemployed............................... 620 864 947 685 804 828 890 887 1,038
Unemployment rate...................... 6.9 9.7 10.5 7.6 8.9 9.2 9.9 9.9 11.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 710 644 714 768 736 790 749 692 762
Participation rate..................... 26.6 23.9 26.5 28.8 27.4 29.4 27.8 25.7 28.3
Employed................................. 545 437 475 579 488 502 459 467 497
Employment-population ratio............ 20.4 16.2 17.7 21.7 18.1 18.6 17.0 17.4 18.5
Unemployed............................... 165 207 239 189 248 288 290 225 265
Unemployment rate...................... 23.3 32.2 33.5 24.6 33.7 36.5 38.8 32.5 34.7
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 10,658 10,778 10,788 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Civilian labor force....................... 7,220 7,111 7,128 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 67.7 66.0 66.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 6,985 6,656 6,659 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 65.5 61.8 61.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 234 455 469 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 3.2 6.4 6.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Not in labor force......................... 3,438 3,667 3,660 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 31,911 32,585 32,671 31,911 32,649 32,417 32,501 32,585 32,671
Civilian labor force....................... 21,901 22,188 22,317 21,920 22,134 21,931 22,100 22,175 22,376
Participation rate..................... 68.6 68.1 68.3 68.7 67.8 67.7 68.0 68.1 68.5
Employed................................. 20,456 19,485 19,895 20,392 20,096 19,800 19,684 19,640 19,854
Employment-population ratio............ 64.1 59.8 60.9 63.9 61.6 61.1 60.6 60.3 60.8
Unemployed............................... 1,445 2,703 2,422 1,528 2,038 2,132 2,416 2,536 2,521
Unemployment rate...................... 6.6 12.2 10.9 7.0 9.2 9.7 10.9 11.4 11.3
Not in labor force......................... 10,010 10,397 10,354 9,990 10,515 10,486 10,401 10,410 10,295
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 12,495 12,648 12,698 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 84.1 83.4 83.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 11,769 11,110 11,407 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 79.2 73.3 75.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 726 1,538 1,291 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 5.8 12.2 10.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,272 8,567 8,601 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 59.0 59.8 59.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 7,774 7,645 7,740 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 55.4 53.3 53.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 497 922 860 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 6.0 10.8 10.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 1,134 974 1,018 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 37.6 31.4 32.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 913 731 748 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 30.3 23.6 24.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 222 243 270 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 19.5 24.9 26.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force......................... 12,280 12,102 12,180 12,102 12,108 12,024 11,955 11,997 12,027
Participation rate....................... 46.2 46.1 46.2 45.6 46.4 45.9 46.4 45.7 45.7
Employed................................... 11,353 10,220 10,399 11,148 10,793 10,577 10,445 10,399 10,251
Employment-population ratio.............. 42.7 38.9 39.5 42.0 41.4 40.4 40.5 39.6 38.9
Unemployed................................. 927 1,882 1,781 954 1,315 1,446 1,510 1,598 1,776
Unemployment rate........................ 7.6 15.5 14.6 7.9 10.9 12.0 12.6 13.3 14.8
High school graduates, no college (1)
Civilian labor force......................... 37,703 38,516 38,300 37,809 38,656 38,675 38,463 38,434 38,687
Participation rate....................... 62.2 62.4 62.4 62.4 62.5 62.4 62.2 62.3 63.0
Employed................................... 35,837 34,661 34,733 35,907 35,683 35,599 35,270 34,981 35,086
Employment-population ratio.............. 59.1 56.2 56.6 59.3 57.6 57.4 57.1 56.7 57.1
Unemployed................................. 1,865 3,854 3,568 1,902 2,972 3,075 3,193 3,454 3,601
Unemployment rate........................ 4.9 10.0 9.3 5.0 7.7 8.0 8.3 9.0 9.3
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force......................... 36,635 36,872 36,917 36,637 37,049 36,693 37,362 36,921 36,959
Participation rate....................... 72.1 71.7 71.6 72.1 72.0 72.0 72.1 71.8 71.7
Employed................................... 35,219 34,011 34,169 35,189 34,969 34,433 34,738 34,267 34,207
Employment-population ratio.............. 69.3 66.1 66.3 69.3 68.0 67.6 67.1 66.6 66.4
Unemployed................................. 1,415 2,861 2,748 1,447 2,080 2,260 2,624 2,653 2,752
Unemployment rate........................ 3.9 7.8 7.4 4.0 5.6 6.2 7.0 7.2 7.4
Bachelor's degree and higher (2)
Civilian labor force......................... 45,234 45,304 45,377 45,136 45,182 45,208 45,027 45,401 45,442
Participation rate....................... 78.3 77.9 77.6 78.1 77.9 77.8 77.6 78.1 77.7
Employed................................... 44,351 43,377 43,547 44,181 43,517 43,474 43,177 43,431 43,466
Employment-population ratio.............. 76.7 74.6 74.5 76.4 75.0 74.8 74.4 74.7 74.4
Unemployed................................. 883 1,927 1,831 955 1,665 1,735 1,850 1,970 1,977
Unemployment rate........................ 2.0 4.3 4.0 2.1 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.4
1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries........... 2,074 1,930 2,087 2,111 2,191 2,149 2,148 2,050 2,134
Wage and salary workers.................... 1,203 1,061 1,164 1,247 1,264 1,233 1,244 1,167 1,209
Self-employed workers...................... 840 847 894 841 925 903 875 875 887
Unpaid family workers...................... 31 22 29 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Nonagricultural industries................... 143,847 137,903 138,498 144,219 141,047 139,952 139,579 138,842 138,828
Wage and salary workers.................... 134,369 128,782 129,381 134,698 132,082 131,110 130,465 129,478 129,724
Government............................... 21,657 21,072 21,548 21,309 21,395 21,237 21,192 20,904 21,211
Private industries....................... 112,712 107,711 107,832 113,341 110,684 109,997 109,311 108,674 108,555
Private households..................... 780 738 716 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Other industries....................... 111,932 106,972 107,116 112,585 109,863 109,217 108,574 107,898 107,813
Self-employed workers...................... 9,353 9,063 9,063 9,371 8,940 8,816 8,962 9,184 9,052
Unpaid family workers...................... 125 57 54 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 5,071 9,305 8,648 5,240 8,038 7,839 8,626 9,049 8,910
Slack work or business conditions........ 3,456 7,103 6,533 3,580 6,020 5,766 6,443 6,857 6,699
Could only find part-time work........... 1,348 1,969 1,852 1,325 1,617 1,667 1,764 1,839 1,810
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,607 19,228 19,644 19,792 18,922 18,864 18,855 18,833 19,065
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,978 9,168 8,556 5,152 7,932 7,705 8,543 8,942 8,826
Slack work or business conditions........ 3,389 7,005 6,462 3,537 5,938 5,660 6,390 6,773 6,650
Could only find part-time work........... 1,345 1,957 1,842 1,328 1,619 1,658 1,760 1,850 1,802
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,289 18,892 19,282 19,436 18,642 18,567 18,562 18,493 18,661
1 Data not available.
2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as
vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked
only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 145,921 139,833 140,586 146,257 143,338 142,099 141,748 140,887 141,007
16 to 19 years............................. 5,544 4,726 4,799 5,914 5,194 5,188 5,184 5,083 5,103
16 to 17 years........................... 1,898 1,569 1,585 2,068 1,779 1,741 1,854 1,755 1,737
18 to 19 years........................... 3,646 3,157 3,214 3,827 3,413 3,441 3,348 3,300 3,353
20 years and over.......................... 140,377 135,107 135,786 140,342 138,144 136,911 136,564 135,804 135,904
20 to 24 years........................... 13,617 12,838 12,939 13,759 13,374 13,050 13,157 13,090 13,090
25 years and over........................ 126,760 122,269 122,847 126,566 124,748 123,911 123,302 122,662 122,838
25 to 54 years......................... 100,035 95,268 95,761 99,957 97,651 96,693 96,255 95,720 95,805
25 to 34 years....................... 31,615 29,942 30,092 31,615 30,864 30,449 30,369 30,211 30,140
35 to 44 years....................... 33,835 31,654 31,811 33,760 32,691 32,308 31,999 31,746 31,770
45 to 54 years....................... 34,584 33,672 33,859 34,582 34,097 33,936 33,888 33,763 33,896
55 years and over...................... 26,725 27,000 27,086 26,609 27,096 27,218 27,047 26,942 27,032
Men, 16 years and over....................... 77,745 73,195 73,771 78,029 75,847 75,092 74,777 74,053 74,116
16 to 19 years............................. 2,697 2,211 2,303 2,882 2,562 2,479 2,484 2,398 2,438
16 to 17 years........................... 863 709 747 944 847 818 837 803 817
18 to 19 years........................... 1,833 1,502 1,555 1,941 1,712 1,654 1,640 1,579 1,635
20 years and over.......................... 75,048 70,984 71,468 75,147 73,285 72,613 72,293 71,655 71,678
20 to 24 years........................... 7,186 6,478 6,612 7,284 6,863 6,723 6,784 6,656 6,701
25 years and over........................ 67,862 64,506 64,856 67,837 66,456 65,879 65,479 65,031 64,960
25 to 54 years......................... 53,684 50,369 50,700 53,702 52,128 51,480 51,125 50,865 50,802
25 to 34 years....................... 17,285 16,010 16,122 17,320 16,789 16,461 16,449 16,288 16,199
35 to 44 years....................... 18,213 16,909 17,024 18,199 17,663 17,452 17,144 17,027 17,027
45 to 54 years....................... 18,186 17,450 17,555 18,183 17,676 17,567 17,532 17,550 17,576
55 years and over...................... 14,179 14,137 14,156 14,135 14,328 14,399 14,354 14,166 14,157
Women, 16 years and over..................... 68,176 66,638 66,815 68,228 67,491 67,007 66,970 66,834 66,890
16 to 19 years............................. 2,847 2,515 2,497 3,032 2,632 2,709 2,699 2,685 2,664
16 to 17 years........................... 1,034 860 838 1,124 932 923 1,017 952 920
18 to 19 years........................... 1,812 1,655 1,659 1,886 1,701 1,787 1,708 1,721 1,718
20 years and over.......................... 65,329 64,123 64,318 65,196 64,860 64,298 64,271 64,148 64,226
20 to 24 years........................... 6,431 6,360 6,327 6,474 6,510 6,327 6,372 6,434 6,389
25 years and over........................ 58,898 57,763 57,991 58,728 58,292 58,032 57,823 57,631 57,878
25 to 54 years......................... 46,351 44,899 45,061 46,254 45,523 45,213 45,131 44,855 45,003
25 to 34 years....................... 14,330 13,932 13,970 14,294 14,075 13,988 13,920 13,922 13,941
35 to 44 years....................... 15,622 14,745 14,787 15,560 15,027 14,856 14,855 14,719 14,742
45 to 54 years....................... 16,399 16,223 16,304 16,399 16,421 16,369 16,356 16,214 16,320
55 years and over...................... 12,547 12,864 12,930 12,474 12,769 12,819 12,693 12,776 12,875
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 46,002 44,356 44,470 45,968 45,182 44,712 44,502 44,470 44,469
Married women, spouse present................ 36,331 35,507 35,668 36,144 35,632 35,375 35,563 35,481 35,444
Women who maintain families.................. 9,111 8,749 8,951 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (2)........................ 120,027 112,215 112,746 120,899 116,865 115,794 114,853 113,665 113,725
Part-time workers (3)........................ 25,894 27,617 27,840 25,339 26,250 26,200 26,590 26,963 27,066
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders.................... 7,630 7,723 7,781 7,671 7,352 7,441 7,626 7,656 7,748
Percent of total employed................ 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.5
1 Data not available.
2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1)
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 7,675 13,161 13,724 5.0 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.5 8.9
16 to 19 years............................. 1,079 1,410 1,398 15.4 20.8 20.8 21.6 21.7 21.5
16 to 17 years........................... 522 544 520 20.2 24.1 21.4 22.9 23.7 23.0
18 to 19 years........................... 590 870 908 13.4 19.1 20.2 21.0 20.9 21.3
20 years and over.......................... 6,596 11,751 12,326 4.5 6.6 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.3
20 to 24 years........................... 1,353 2,128 2,258 9.0 12.1 12.1 12.9 14.0 14.7
25 years and over........................ 5,229 9,572 9,999 4.0 6.0 6.4 6.9 7.2 7.5
25 to 54 years......................... 4,387 7,832 8,139 4.2 6.3 6.7 7.2 7.6 7.8
25 to 34 years....................... 1,712 2,984 3,229 5.1 7.5 7.9 8.7 9.0 9.7
35 to 44 years....................... 1,374 2,447 2,580 3.9 5.9 6.5 6.8 7.2 7.5
45 to 54 years....................... 1,301 2,401 2,330 3.6 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.6 6.4
55 years and over...................... 839 1,784 1,849 3.1 4.9 5.2 5.6 6.2 6.4
Men, 16 years and over....................... 4,262 7,751 8,242 5.2 7.9 8.3 8.8 9.5 10.0
16 to 19 years............................. 588 828 839 17.0 23.3 24.4 24.9 25.7 25.6
16 to 17 years........................... 274 315 291 22.5 27.0 26.5 26.5 28.2 26.3
18 to 19 years........................... 328 514 555 14.5 21.5 22.8 24.7 24.6 25.3
20 years and over.......................... 3,673 6,923 7,403 4.7 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.8 9.4
20 to 24 years........................... 813 1,335 1,424 10.0 14.2 14.1 14.6 16.7 17.5
25 years and over........................ 2,846 5,566 5,911 4.0 6.4 6.9 7.5 7.9 8.3
25 to 54 years......................... 2,415 4,607 4,889 4.3 6.7 7.3 7.9 8.3 8.8
25 to 34 years....................... 932 1,833 2,026 5.1 8.3 8.8 9.5 10.1 11.1
35 to 44 years....................... 767 1,426 1,516 4.0 5.9 6.6 7.2 7.7 8.2
45 to 54 years....................... 717 1,348 1,347 3.8 6.1 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.1
55 years and over...................... 430 959 1,022 3.0 5.1 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.7
Women, 16 years and over..................... 3,413 5,410 5,482 4.8 6.4 6.7 7.3 7.5 7.6
16 to 19 years............................. 491 582 560 13.9 18.2 17.1 18.3 17.8 17.4
16 to 17 years........................... 248 229 229 18.1 21.2 16.2 19.8 19.4 19.9
18 to 19 years........................... 262 357 353 12.2 16.6 17.5 17.0 17.2 17.1
20 years and over.......................... 2,923 4,828 4,922 4.3 5.9 6.2 6.7 7.0 7.1
20 to 24 years........................... 540 793 834 7.7 9.8 10.0 10.9 11.0 11.5
25 years and over........................ 2,384 4,006 4,088 3.9 5.4 5.8 6.2 6.5 6.6
25 to 54 years......................... 1,972 3,225 3,250 4.1 5.7 6.0 6.4 6.7 6.7
25 to 34 years....................... 780 1,151 1,203 5.2 6.5 6.8 7.7 7.6 7.9
35 to 44 years....................... 607 1,021 1,064 3.8 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.7
45 to 54 years....................... 584 1,054 983 3.4 4.9 5.0 5.3 6.1 5.7
55 years and over (2).................. 366 789 745 2.8 4.3 5.4 5.3 5.8 5.4
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 1,342 2,718 2,986 2.8 4.4 5.0 5.5 5.8 6.3
Married women, spouse present................ 1,115 2,022 2,077 3.0 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.4 5.5
Women who maintain families (2).............. 661 1,058 999 6.8 9.5 10.3 10.3 10.8 10.0
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (3)........................ 6,360 11,535 12,037 5.0 7.5 8.0 8.6 9.2 9.6
Part-time workers (4)........................ 1,322 1,676 1,744 5.0 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.1
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Not seasonally adjusted.
3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on lay-
off from full-time jobs.
4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on
layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs.............................. 3,931 9,315 8,687 4,043 6,471 6,980 7,696 8,243 8,814
On temporary layoff........................ 1,053 1,990 1,586 1,103 1,524 1,441 1,488 1,557 1,625
Not on temporary layoff.................... 2,878 7,325 7,101 2,939 4,946 5,539 6,208 6,686 7,189
Permanent job losers..................... 2,114 5,880 5,853 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs..... 764 1,445 1,248 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers.................................. 816 850 842 860 1,007 917 820 887 890
Reentrants................................... 1,995 2,984 2,932 2,145 2,777 2,751 2,834 2,974 3,087
New entrants................................. 545 747 788 625 829 780 1,005 868 900
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 53.9 67.0 65.6 52.7 58.4 61.1 62.3 63.5 64.4
On temporary layoff....................... 14.4 14.3 12.0 14.4 13.8 12.6 12.0 12.0 11.9
Not on temporary layoff................... 39.5 52.7 53.6 38.3 44.6 48.5 50.2 51.5 52.5
Job leavers................................. 11.2 6.1 6.4 11.2 9.1 8.0 6.6 6.8 6.5
Reentrants.................................. 27.4 21.5 22.1 28.0 25.1 24.1 22.9 22.9 22.5
New entrants................................ 7.5 5.4 5.9 8.1 7.5 6.8 8.1 6.7 6.6
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 2.6 6.1 5.6 2.6 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.7
Job leavers................................. .5 .6 .5 .6 .7 .6 .5 .6 .6
Reentrants.................................. 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0
New entrants................................ .4 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .7 .6 .6
1 Data not available.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks...................................... 2,151 3,067 2,855 2,496 3,267 3,658 3,404 3,371 3,346
5 to 14 weeks.......................................... 2,225 4,523 3,526 2,529 3,398 3,519 3,969 4,041 3,982
15 weeks and over...................................... 2,911 6,305 6,867 2,652 4,517 4,634 5,264 5,715 6,211
15 to 26 weeks...................................... 1,473 2,971 2,966 1,277 1,927 1,987 2,347 2,534 2,531
27 weeks and over................................... 1,439 3,334 3,901 1,375 2,591 2,647 2,917 3,182 3,680
Average (mean) duration, in weeks...................... 18.3 21.2 23.4 17.0 19.7 19.8 19.8 20.1 21.4
Median duration, in weeks.............................. 11.0 13.1 15.4 9.3 10.6 10.3 11.0 11.2 12.5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.................................... 29.5 22.1 21.5 32.5 29.2 31.0 26.9 25.7 24.7
5 to 14 weeks........................................ 30.5 32.5 26.6 32.9 30.4 29.8 31.4 30.8 29.4
15 weeks and over.................................... 40.0 45.4 51.8 34.6 40.4 39.2 41.7 43.5 45.9
15 to 26 weeks..................................... 20.2 21.4 22.4 16.6 17.2 16.8 18.6 19.3 18.7
27 weeks and over.................................. 19.7 24.0 29.4 17.9 23.2 22.4 23.1 24.2 27.2
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed rates
Occupation
Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr.
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 145,921 140,586 7,287 13,248 4.8 8.6
Management, professional, and related occupations...... 52,819 52,597 1,088 2,164 2.0 4.0
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations......................................... 21,621 21,455 467 995 2.1 4.4
Professional and related occupations................. 31,198 31,142 621 1,170 2.0 3.6
Service occupations.................................... 24,064 24,548 1,406 2,354 5.5 8.7
Sales and office occupations........................... 36,222 34,053 1,605 2,966 4.2 8.0
Sales and related occupations........................ 16,381 15,555 741 1,463 4.3 8.6
Office and administrative support occupations........ 19,841 18,498 865 1,503 4.2 7.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................... 14,673 13,453 1,381 2,438 8.6 15.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 954 924 111 166 10.5 15.2
Construction and extraction occupations.............. 8,628 7,423 1,097 1,816 11.3 19.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,091 5,107 173 456 3.3 8.2
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................... 18,144 15,934 1,239 2,501 6.4 13.6
Production occupations............................... 9,196 7,563 679 1,306 6.9 14.7
Transportation and material moving occupations....... 8,948 8,371 560 1,196 5.9 12.5
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr.
2008 2009 2008 2009
Total, 16 years and over (1).................... 7,287 13,248 4.8 8.6
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........ 5,923 11,222 5.0 9.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction........ 28 125 3.6 16.1
Construction......................................... 1,057 1,737 11.1 18.7
Manufacturing........................................ 796 1,968 4.8 12.4
Durable goods...................................... 505 1,278 4.8 12.8
Nondurable goods................................... 291 690 5.0 11.8
Wholesale and retail trade........................... 919 1,833 4.5 9.0
Transportation and utilities......................... 245 541 4.0 9.0
Information.......................................... 143 320 4.4 10.1
Financial activities................................. 324 561 3.4 6.0
Professional and business services................... 736 1,448 5.3 10.4
Education and health services........................ 551 964 2.8 4.6
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 874 1,322 6.9 10.2
Other services....................................... 251 403 4.0 6.4
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers 108 176 8.6 13.5
Government workers..................................... 373 575 1.7 2.6
Self employed and unpaid family workers................ 338 488 3.2 4.6
1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2009 data, industries
reflect the introduction of the 2007 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification
system is derived from the 2007 North American Industry Classification System. No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent
of the civilian labor force....................... 1.9 4.1 4.5 1.7 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.7 4.0
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.... 2.6 6.1 5.6 2.6 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian
labor force (official unemployment rate).......... 4.8 9.0 8.6 5.0 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.5 8.9
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers............................... 5.0 9.4 9.0 5.2 7.6 8.0 8.5 8.9 9.3
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus
all other marginally attached workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers....................... 5.6 10.3 9.8 5.9 8.3 8.8 9.3 9.8 10.1
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached
workers, plus total employed part time for
economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all marginally attached workers.. 8.9 16.2 15.4 9.2 13.5 13.9 14.8 15.6 15.8
NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those
who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS intro-
duces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Updated population con-
trols are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr.
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force........................... 79,990 81,437 30,939 31,979 49,052 49,458
Persons who currently want a job...................... 4,677 5,868 2,152 2,805 2,525 3,063
Marginally attached to the labor force (1).......... 1,414 2,089 726 1,105 688 984
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 412 740 250 470 162 270
Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 1,002 1,350 476 635 526 714
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,630 7,781 3,852 3,775 3,779 4,006
Percent of total employed.......................... 5.2 5.5 5.0 5.1 5.5 6.0
Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 4,197 4,119 2,336 2,226 1,861 1,894
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,811 2,025 586 659 1,225 1,366
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 248 231 165 137 82 94
Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,333 1,347 741 715 592 633
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health,
and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009p 2009p Mar. 2009-
Apr. 2009p
Total nonfarm......... 137,543 132,138 132,054 132,295 137,654 135,074 134,333 133,652 132,953 132,414 -539
Total private........... 114,697 109,295 109,124 109,300 115,203 112,542 111,793 111,105 110,412 109,801 -611
Goods-producing............. 21,441 19,253 19,049 18,994 21,679 20,532 20,127 19,832 19,514 19,244 -270
Mining and logging.............. 746 754 738 729 756 789 781 771 755 744 -11
Logging...................... 54.6 54.3 48.4 45.8 58.6 55.7 55.2 54.5 51.0 49.6 -1.4
Mining......................... 691.7 700.1 689.1 682.7 697.8 733.3 725.3 716.4 703.9 694.2 -9.7
Oil and gas extraction........ 153.1 166.7 165.1 165.0 155.1 169.4 167.7 167.8 167.1 167.9 .8
Mining, except oil and
gas (1)...................... 219.4 213.6 213.4 216.6 222.9 229.2 227.9 225.7 222.8 220.6 -2.2
Coal mining.................. 77.8 83.9 83.2 80.6 78.1 84.5 84.9 84.1 83.3 81.5 -1.8
Support activities for mining. 319.2 319.8 310.6 301.1 319.8 334.7 329.7 322.9 314.0 305.7 -8.3
Construction.................... 7,174 6,156 6,114 6,196 7,337 6,841 6,706 6,593 6,458 6,348 -110
Construction of buildings..... 1,654.8 1,439.8 1,421.1 1,423.1 1,693.8 1,572.9 1,536.9 1,509.5 1,481.4 1,459.7 -21.7
Residential building......... 834.3 700.0 689.4 691.6 857.5 769.4 755.2 741.2 723.7 711.1 -12.6
Nonresidential building...... 820.5 739.8 731.7 731.5 836.3 803.5 781.7 768.3 757.7 748.6 -9.1
Heavy and civil engineering
construction................. 949.4 816.5 826.2 867.0 980.5 933.2 926.6 919.0 906.6 889.4 -17.2
Specialty trade contractors... 4,570.0 3,899.2 3,866.5 3,905.6 4,662.3 4,335.2 4,242.2 4,164.4 4,069.9 3,998.9 -71.0
Residential specialty trade
contractors................. 2,028.4 1,684.3 1,673.6 1,691.9 2,076.1 1,883.6 1,838.3 1,801.2 1,757.2 1,717.7 -39.5
Nonresidential specialty
trade contractors........... 2,541.6 2,214.9 2,192.9 2,213.7 2,586.2 2,451.6 2,403.9 2,363.2 2,312.7 2,281.2 -31.5
Manufacturing................... 13,521 12,343 12,197 12,069 13,586 12,902 12,640 12,468 12,301 12,152 -149
Production workers........... 9,745 8,702 8,570 8,473 9,795 9,174 8,946 8,804 8,656 8,537 -119
Durable goods.................. 8,567 7,686 7,576 7,472 8,587 8,085 7,881 7,753 7,626 7,499 -127
Production workers........... 6,087 5,300 5,203 5,121 6,099 5,633 5,458 5,352 5,241 5,135 -106
Wood products................. 472.0 373.7 377.2 382.7 477.3 416.2 403.9 390.4 389.9 388.6 -1.3
Nonmetallic mineral products.. 472.8 406.1 402.3 413.8 477.2 441.2 434.3 425.8 416.0 415.0 -1.0
Primary metals................ 450.6 393.8 385.6 372.5 449.7 419.6 409.3 395.2 386.2 374.4 -11.8
Fabricated metal products..... 1,539.5 1,392.4 1,364.3 1,334.9 1,546.0 1,461.5 1,425.3 1,399.0 1,369.9 1,341.2 -28.7
Machinery..................... 1,190.3 1,097.0 1,069.8 1,045.8 1,193.1 1,150.2 1,126.0 1,100.8 1,072.7 1,051.2 -21.5
Computer and electronic
products (1)................. 1,251.7 1,193.3 1,184.6 1,171.8 1,255.7 1,223.7 1,212.9 1,196.9 1,188.6 1,176.9 -11.7
Computer and peripheral
equipment................... 183.4 174.1 173.2 170.2 184.0 180.0 180.3 175.5 173.8 170.9 -2.9
Communications equipment..... 128.7 130.1 128.0 128.4 129.1 129.1 129.6 129.0 128.5 128.7 .2
Semiconductors and electronic
components.................. 436.0 401.5 396.5 388.8 437.0 417.4 410.5 403.3 397.8 390.9 -6.9
Electronic instruments....... 441.6 430.5 430.7 429.9 442.9 437.5 433.8 431.9 431.9 431.3 -.6
Electrical equipment and
appliances................... 427.2 398.3 388.6 379.1 428.5 412.0 406.1 399.1 389.8 380.5 -9.3
Transportation equipment (1).. 1,638.6 1,418.4 1,402.6 1,373.0 1,632.1 1,501.8 1,423.5 1,423.7 1,403.3 1,369.5 -33.8
Motor vehicles and parts (2). 905.9 715.6 708.1 682.8 898.0 781.5 711.2 718.7 705.7 676.6 -29.1
Furniture and related products 494.3 412.2 404.6 401.2 495.2 440.6 428.6 417.4 408.3 400.7 -7.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing... 630.3 600.3 596.8 597.1 632.5 618.4 611.0 604.5 601.1 600.5 -.6
Nondurable goods............... 4,954 4,657 4,621 4,597 4,999 4,817 4,759 4,715 4,675 4,653 -22
Production workers........... 3,658 3,402 3,367 3,352 3,696 3,541 3,488 3,452 3,415 3,402 -13
Food manufacturing............ 1,449.9 1,438.3 1,436.6 1,439.2 1,483.2 1,477.6 1,470.7 1,467.2 1,465.2 1,475.2 10.0
Beverages and tobacco products 197.4 185.5 185.7 185.7 201.6 195.8 194.2 191.3 191.7 190.5 -1.2
Textile mills................. 155.5 128.9 127.5 126.8 155.9 136.8 133.6 130.0 128.2 127.6 -.6
Textile product mills......... 151.5 133.4 128.6 126.1 150.1 141.2 137.4 134.2 129.4 127.2 -2.2
Apparel....................... 202.5 174.3 171.9 168.2 202.5 183.5 178.9 176.3 173.0 169.1 -3.9
Leather and allied products... 33.4 31.4 31.5 32.2 33.6 32.6 32.4 31.9 31.8 32.0 .2
Paper and paper products...... 448.8 419.1 415.6 412.9 450.6 433.4 427.3 422.5 419.1 415.6 -3.5
Printing and related support
activities................... 603.8 546.0 537.8 529.2 605.6 567.0 558.1 549.2 539.9 532.2 -7.7
Petroleum and coal products... 115.0 110.4 111.3 113.3 115.9 116.9 114.2 114.6 114.5 114.6 .1
Chemicals..................... 853.2 825.9 820.9 815.4 854.1 837.1 832.7 828.2 823.1 818.7 -4.4
Plastics and rubber products.. 742.9 663.9 653.6 648.4 745.5 694.9 679.7 669.3 659.2 650.6 -8.6
Service-providing........... 116,102 112,885 113,005 113,301 115,975 114,542 114,206 113,820 113,439 113,170 -269
Private service-providing.. 93,256 90,042 90,075 90,306 93,524 92,010 91,666 91,273 90,898 90,557 -341
Trade, transportation, and
utilities...................... 26,331 25,217 25,171 25,106 26,562 25,843 25,735 25,605 25,471 25,345 -126
Wholesale trade................ 5,979.2 5,723.7 5,704.9 5,679.8 5,995.9 5,850.7 5,819.3 5,773.7 5,736.9 5,696.2 -40.7
Durable goods................. 3,079.1 2,906.9 2,884.8 2,860.4 3,087.2 2,978.6 2,959.6 2,926.2 2,897.3 2,868.5 -28.8
Nondurable goods.............. 2,054.8 1,980.2 1,984.0 1,985.3 2,060.9 2,025.1 2,013.9 2,006.6 2,000.4 1,992.7 -7.7
Electronic markets and agents
and brokers.................. 845.3 836.6 836.1 834.1 847.8 847.0 845.8 840.9 839.2 835.0 -4.2
Retail trade...................15,261.2 14,649.2 14,641.9 14,627.5 15,457.6 15,037.9 14,991.5 14,934.3 14,870.4 14,823.7 -46.7
Motor vehicle and parts
dealers(1)................... 1,882.3 1,688.9 1,684.4 1,687.0 1,885.1 1,745.6 1,730.1 1,716.8 1,701.7 1,690.1 -11.6
Automobile dealers........... 1,218.5 1,066.0 1,059.1 1,055.8 1,220.9 1,099.9 1,088.6 1,078.7 1,067.3 1,058.0 -9.3
Furniture and home furnishings
stores....................... 542.5 493.4 489.7 486.5 549.5 514.2 508.3 499.7 497.9 492.5 -5.4
Electronics and appliance
stores....................... 548.5 532.2 513.3 510.4 554.5 538.6 535.5 533.7 518.7 517.1 -1.6
Building material and garden
supply stores................ 1,281.7 1,157.2 1,168.7 1,207.1 1,254.5 1,227.8 1,214.9 1,207.1 1,193.3 1,185.8 -7.5
Food and beverage stores...... 2,841.8 2,802.2 2,801.7 2,788.3 2,866.7 2,835.1 2,835.3 2,826.0 2,824.8 2,820.0 -4.8
Health and personal care
stores....................... 999.9 981.3 980.3 980.7 1,006.9 991.2 985.7 986.9 985.8 985.7 -.1
Gasoline stations............. 842.5 820.9 820.5 825.0 848.5 834.4 833.0 832.1 830.3 831.2 .9
Clothing and clothing
accessories stores........... 1,445.0 1,389.4 1,380.1 1,374.8 1,495.0 1,448.5 1,445.0 1,443.8 1,435.3 1,434.1 -1.2
Sporting goods, hobby, book,
and music stores............. 624.4 600.4 591.1 586.6 646.2 624.3 620.8 613.6 610.2 609.6 -.6
General merchandise
stores (1)................... 2,982.5 2,964.3 3,016.4 2,986.7 3,052.9 3,029.2 3,040.7 3,040.7 3,047.4 3,039.3 -8.1
Department stores............ 1,522.7 1,489.5 1,502.2 1,477.4 1,576.4 1,521.2 1,529.1 1,532.6 1,531.9 1,518.3 -13.6
Miscellaneous store retailers. 839.4 805.0 786.6 788.7 855.0 825.0 819.5 815.1 807.6 802.5 -5.1
Nonstore retailers............ 430.7 414.0 409.1 405.7 442.8 424.0 422.7 418.8 417.4 415.8 -1.6
Transportation and warehousing. 4,534.3 4,276.0 4,255.4 4,231.8 4,551.7 4,389.9 4,354.4 4,327.0 4,293.6 4,255.5 -38.1
Air transportation............ 500.2 471.8 471.9 470.6 501.9 477.8 476.8 474.8 472.7 469.5 -3.2
Rail transportation........... 231.2 222.3 222.3 222.3 231.1 226.8 227.1 224.1 223.4 221.9 -1.5
Water transportation.......... 65.0 57.6 57.2 57.4 66.2 60.3 59.7 60.9 60.0 58.6 -1.4
Truck transportation.......... 1,394.5 1,280.6 1,274.9 1,268.0 1,410.4 1,340.8 1,323.3 1,313.9 1,299.6 1,283.4 -16.2
Transit and ground passenger
transportation............... 439.5 419.9 419.4 414.9 423.0 410.1 408.1 406.4 405.4 399.2 -6.2
Pipeline transportation....... 40.5 42.8 42.4 42.7 40.9 43.3 43.1 43.1 42.9 43.2 .3
Scenic and sightseeing
transportation............... 25.2 20.3 20.8 24.6 28.4 27.2 26.9 27.0 26.8 27.3 .5
Support activities for
transportation............... 593.3 557.8 547.3 545.3 593.0 579.5 569.3 561.0 552.7 550.9 -1.8
Couriers and messengers....... 572.3 558.3 551.9 549.4 577.8 564.6 563.2 563.7 558.4 557.4 -1.0
Warehousing and storage....... 672.6 644.6 647.3 636.6 679.0 659.5 656.9 652.1 651.7 644.1 -7.6
Utilities...................... 556.0 568.2 568.7 566.8 557.1 564.6 569.3 570.0 570.3 569.8 -.5
Information..................... 3,012 2,905 2,902 2,884 3,017 2,940 2,924 2,918 2,904 2,887 -17
Publishing industries, except
Internet..................... 890.6 833.7 826.0 818.9 893.2 857.8 846.3 836.3 828.1 822.6 -5.5
Motion picture and sound
recording industries......... 381.6 381.3 392.8 396.6 384.5 377.2 376.7 389.8 394.0 394.5 .5
Broadcasting, except Internet. 316.7 300.4 298.1 294.9 317.3 308.1 306.5 302.5 299.4 297.0 -2.4
Telecommunications............ 1,024.5 1,002.1 996.1 986.3 1,025.5 1,004.0 1,001.6 999.5 995.2 987.6 -7.6
Data processing, hosting and
related services............. 265.4 252.4 255.3 254.8 263.2 256.4 257.0 254.6 253.9 253.0 -.9
Other information services.... 133.1 134.8 133.2 132.8 132.9 136.5 135.7 134.8 133.4 132.6 -.8
Financial activities............ 8,167 7,853 7,814 7,779 8,190 8,010 7,954 7,898 7,855 7,815 -40
Finance and insurance.......... 6,044.9 5,848.1 5,825.7 5,794.0 6,050.8 5,924.0 5,890.4 5,853.9 5,828.7 5,803.4 -25.3
Monetary authorities - central
bank......................... 22.7 20.8 20.8 20.5 22.7 21.3 21.0 20.9 20.8 20.5 -.3
Credit intermediation and
related activities (1)....... 2,756.3 2,648.7 2,634.1 2,616.0 2,756.6 2,680.8 2,665.3 2,648.8 2,633.7 2,619.7 -14.0
Depository credit
intermediation (1).......... 1,825.4 1,789.0 1,779.7 1,775.0 1,827.9 1,804.9 1,798.1 1,790.9 1,783.5 1,779.7 -3.8
Commercial banking.......... 1,363.4 1,338.3 1,331.6 1,327.6 1,363.4 1,351.8 1,346.6 1,340.5 1,334.3 1,330.2 -4.1
Securities, commodity
contracts, investments....... 867.0 814.0 807.1 797.9 867.4 839.9 826.5 814.9 807.5 800.5 -7.0
Insurance carriers and related
activities................... 2,308.6 2,276.2 2,275.8 2,272.1 2,313.4 2,292.0 2,287.4 2,281.1 2,278.9 2,274.9 -4.0
Funds, trusts, and other
financial vehicles........... 90.3 88.4 87.9 87.5 90.7 90.0 90.2 88.2 87.8 87.8 .0
Real estate and rental and
leasing....................... 2,122.2 2,004.6 1,988.5 1,984.8 2,139.6 2,085.8 2,063.2 2,043.8 2,026.4 2,011.8 -14.6
Real estate................... 1,477.0 1,407.1 1,397.5 1,394.5 1,486.9 1,458.2 1,444.9 1,432.4 1,421.7 1,411.9 -9.8
Rental and leasing services... 617.0 569.5 562.9 562.1 624.3 599.3 589.9 583.2 576.2 571.6 -4.6
Lessors of nonfinancial
intangible assets............ 28.2 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.4 28.3 28.4 28.2 28.5 28.3 -.2
Professional and business
services....................... 17,897 16,750 16,691 16,756 17,950 17,356 17,205 17,029 16,899 16,777 -122
Professional and technical
services (1).................. 7,893.6 7,797.9 7,754.9 7,739.8 7,833.7 7,797.2 7,765.5 7,729.2 7,700.5 7,683.4 -17.1
Legal services............... 1,161.1 1,139.6 1,140.4 1,136.7 1,166.6 1,156.8 1,154.1 1,148.7 1,146.5 1,142.8 -3.7
Accounting and bookkeeping
services.................... 1,053.9 1,061.2 1,038.8 1,028.2 954.1 933.7 927.5 924.4 925.3 927.9 2.6
Architectural and engineering
services.................... 1,438.0 1,371.8 1,357.9 1,353.4 1,451.7 1,419.4 1,411.1 1,394.2 1,379.5 1,366.0 -13.5
Computer systems design and
related services............ 1,436.9 1,459.5 1,451.8 1,451.1 1,441.7 1,466.8 1,462.4 1,463.7 1,459.0 1,457.6 -1.4
Management and technical
consulting services......... 993.0 1,010.2 1,006.4 1,010.1 999.2 1,020.5 1,025.7 1,021.6 1,017.3 1,018.9 1.6
Management of companies and
enterprises................... 1,892.7 1,854.8 1,850.2 1,828.2 1,903.8 1,872.1 1,871.7 1,862.1 1,854.8 1,839.6 -15.2
Administrative and waste
services...................... 8,110.8 7,097.6 7,085.4 7,187.6 8,212.0 7,686.3 7,567.5 7,437.8 7,343.4 7,253.5 -89.9
Administrative and support
services (1)................. 7,754.9 6,743.8 6,731.6 6,829.2 7,853.6 7,324.4 7,203.1 7,076.5 6,982.6 6,892.2 -90.4
Employment services (1)...... 3,194.5 2,494.1 2,440.2 2,436.1 3,285.6 2,829.5 2,720.5 2,638.7 2,551.7 2,482.8 -68.9
Temporary help services..... 2,387.9 1,772.4 1,729.1 1,720.3 2,464.0 2,055.6 1,965.7 1,892.7 1,821.1 1,758.6 -62.5
Business support services.... 830.2 806.6 807.7 791.4 828.4 816.0 817.6 805.0 801.6 793.8 -7.8
Services to buildings and
dwellings................... 1,848.8 1,628.4 1,655.0 1,777.1 1,853.8 1,818.1 1,812.5 1,796.8 1,787.9 1,780.7 -7.2
Waste management and
remediation services......... 355.9 353.8 353.8 358.4 358.4 361.9 364.4 361.3 360.8 361.3 .5
Education and health services... 18,906 19,237 19,277 19,322 18,752 19,080 19,119 19,138 19,148 19,163 15
Educational services........... 3,166.8 3,218.0 3,221.5 3,227.1 3,017.4 3,063.1 3,088.4 3,083.1 3,077.2 3,075.1 -2.1
Health care and social
assistance....................15,739.2 16,019.4 16,055.4 16,094.8 15,734.1 16,017.0 16,030.3 16,054.7 16,071.1 16,087.9 16.8
Health care (3)...............13,213.5 13,472.8 13,496.0 13,523.6 13,239.1 13,475.9 13,490.2 13,515.0 13,528.9 13,545.6 16.7
Ambulatory health care
services (1)................ 5,615.7 5,750.0 5,761.8 5,792.2 5,622.6 5,742.6 5,753.3 5,770.1 5,777.5 5,795.2 17.7
Offices of physicians....... 2,246.4 2,297.7 2,302.0 2,305.1 2,251.8 2,294.5 2,300.4 2,304.4 2,307.9 2,310.1 2.2
Outpatient care centers..... 531.2 537.6 536.9 540.7 530.4 536.7 538.0 538.5 537.5 540.5 3.0
Home health care services... 946.5 985.1 991.4 1,006.0 948.7 980.7 981.4 991.0 994.8 1,003.6 8.8
Hospitals.................... 4,594.8 4,700.1 4,700.1 4,697.8 4,610.4 4,703.7 4,707.5 4,711.3 4,711.4 4,712.0 .6
Nursing and residential care
facilities (1).............. 3,003.0 3,022.7 3,034.1 3,033.6 3,006.1 3,029.6 3,029.4 3,033.6 3,040.0 3,038.4 -1.6
Nursing care facilities..... 1,612.9 1,611.7 1,617.4 1,619.1 1,615.0 1,617.3 1,616.6 1,617.9 1,620.8 1,621.9 1.1
Social assistance (1)......... 2,525.7 2,546.6 2,559.4 2,571.2 2,495.0 2,541.1 2,540.1 2,539.7 2,542.2 2,542.3 .1
Child day care services...... 882.0 873.0 873.5 873.6 859.9 864.3 862.7 860.4 856.4 853.5 -2.9
Leisure and hospitality......... 13,401 12,682 12,816 13,043 13,512 13,304 13,268 13,236 13,194 13,150 -44
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation.................... 1,936.7 1,744.0 1,773.8 1,854.5 1,984.9 1,947.1 1,943.8 1,936.2 1,925.9 1,896.9 -29.0
Performing arts and spectator
sports....................... 415.1 370.2 376.9 394.6 409.5 401.4 405.7 398.6 397.7 390.9 -6.8
Museums, historical sites,
zoos, and parks.............. 130.1 119.1 120.8 128.3 132.9 130.8 130.3 130.9 129.9 130.0 .1
Amusements, gambling, and
recreation................... 1,391.5 1,254.7 1,276.1 1,331.6 1,442.5 1,414.9 1,407.8 1,406.7 1,398.3 1,376.0 -22.3
Accommodation and food services11,464.7 10,937.9 11,042.4 11,188.7 11,527.5 11,356.5 11,323.7 11,299.7 11,267.6 11,253.3 -14.3
Accommodation................. 1,835.7 1,681.3 1,672.5 1,680.9 1,881.1 1,794.3 1,768.4 1,754.7 1,732.8 1,724.8 -8.0
Food services and drinking
places....................... 9,629.0 9,256.6 9,369.9 9,507.8 9,646.4 9,562.2 9,555.3 9,545.0 9,534.8 9,528.5 -6.3
Other services.................. 5,542 5,398 5,404 5,416 5,541 5,477 5,461 5,449 5,427 5,420 -7
Repair and maintenance........ 1,249.4 1,165.3 1,164.8 1,168.7 1,242.2 1,189.9 1,184.7 1,177.3 1,167.6 1,165.1 -2.5
Personal and laundry services. 1,331.4 1,295.0 1,295.4 1,301.3 1,324.9 1,320.9 1,313.6 1,312.5 1,303.9 1,298.6 -5.3
Membership associations and
organizations................ 2,960.9 2,937.7 2,943.9 2,945.5 2,973.5 2,965.7 2,963.1 2,958.7 2,955.2 2,956.3 1.1
Government...................... 22,846 22,843 22,930 22,995 22,451 22,532 22,540 22,547 22,541 22,613 72
Federal........................ 2,747 2,780 2,788 2,865 2,758 2,778 2,793 2,796 2,806 2,872 66
Federal, except U.S. Postal
Service...................... 1,989.7 2,057.7 2,070.5 2,142.2 1,996.4 2,057.3 2,065.8 2,071.0 2,082.5 2,145.0 62.5
U.S. Postal Service........... 757.2 722.0 717.7 723.2 761.3 720.9 726.9 724.9 723.5 726.7 3.2
State government............... 5,300 5,305 5,329 5,333 5,159 5,196 5,192 5,192 5,190 5,192 2
State government education.... 2,484.4 2,507.1 2,528.0 2,534.5 2,340.0 2,381.3 2,380.2 2,382.3 2,382.5 2,388.1 5.6
State government, excluding
education.................... 2,815.2 2,798.3 2,801.0 2,798.8 2,819.4 2,814.8 2,811.6 2,809.4 2,807.6 2,803.6 -4.0
Local government............... 14,799 14,758 14,813 14,797 14,534 14,558 14,555 14,559 14,545 14,549 4
Local government education.... 8,402.2 8,388.9 8,436.6 8,403.8 8,066.2 8,060.5 8,070.7 8,076.7 8,072.4 8,076.2 3.8
Local government, excluding
education.................... 6,397.0 6,369.3 6,376.0 6,393.0 6,467.6 6,497.7 6,484.7 6,482.5 6,472.5 6,473.2 .7
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector
and selected industry detail
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009p 2009p Mar. 2009-
Apr. 2009p
Total private......................... 33.6 33.2 33.2 32.8 33.8 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.2 33.2 0.0
Goods-producing........................... 40.2 38.6 38.7 38.4 40.4 39.4 39.3 39.2 39.0 39.0 .0
Mining and logging............................ 44.5 43.5 42.9 42.6 45.0 44.3 44.2 43.9 43.4 43.0 -.4
Construction.................................. 38.4 37.0 37.3 37.0 38.9 38.0 37.9 38.0 37.7 37.6 -.1
Manufacturing................................. 41.0 39.2 39.2 38.9 41.0 39.9 39.8 39.5 39.4 39.6 .2
Overtime hours............................. 3.8 2.5 2.5 2.3 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7 .1
Durable goods................................ 41.3 39.2 39.2 39.0 41.4 40.0 39.8 39.6 39.4 39.7 .3
Overtime hours............................. 3.9 2.3 2.3 2.1 4.0 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 .1
Wood products............................... 38.6 36.0 36.2 36.5 38.6 36.8 36.9 37.1 36.9 37.0 .1
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 42.2 38.6 39.2 40.2 42.3 40.9 40.2 40.0 39.9 40.2 .3
Primary metals.............................. 42.3 39.8 40.3 39.3 42.6 40.5 40.4 40.1 40.2 40.1 -.1
Fabricated metal products................... 41.6 39.2 38.8 38.1 41.6 40.3 39.7 39.5 39.0 39.1 .1
Machinery................................... 42.5 40.5 40.1 39.8 42.5 41.1 40.9 40.6 40.2 40.5 .3
Computer and electronic products............ 40.9 40.3 39.8 39.6 41.1 40.4 40.7 40.5 39.9 40.3 .4
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 40.9 38.5 38.6 38.6 41.0 39.7 39.4 38.9 38.8 39.6 .8
Transportation equipment.................... 42.5 40.1 40.2 40.2 42.5 40.9 40.4 40.1 40.3 41.0 .7
Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 42.2 38.1 38.3 39.2 42.1 39.9 38.6 38.2 38.5 39.8 1.3
Furniture and related products.............. 38.3 36.9 37.6 36.7 38.7 37.3 37.7 37.4 37.7 37.4 -.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 39.2 37.8 38.4 38.2 39.3 38.3 38.4 38.2 38.3 38.5 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 40.4 39.1 39.2 38.8 40.5 39.7 39.7 39.5 39.4 39.5 .1
Overtime hours............................. 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 .0
Food manufacturing.......................... 40.4 39.3 39.5 38.7 40.8 39.8 40.1 39.9 40.0 40.0 .0
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 39.7 36.6 35.8 35.1 39.4 36.7 37.0 37.0 36.1 35.8 -.3
Textile mills............................... 38.3 35.9 36.0 35.6 38.4 37.0 37.1 36.4 36.2 36.3 .1
Textile product mills....................... 38.2 37.0 37.0 36.7 38.3 37.1 37.0 37.1 37.0 37.1 .1
Apparel..................................... 36.8 35.4 36.3 35.7 36.6 36.0 36.0 35.6 36.1 36.1 .0
Leather and allied products................. 38.9 32.8 33.2 31.8 38.6 34.7 34.0 33.3 33.0 32.6 -.4
Paper and paper products.................... 43.2 41.1 40.7 40.9 43.3 41.9 41.6 41.5 41.0 41.3 .3
Printing and related support activities..... 38.4 37.1 37.6 37.0 38.5 38.0 37.7 37.3 37.5 37.5 .0
Petroleum and coal products................. 42.9 43.5 43.4 44.2 43.2 45.3 45.1 43.8 44.4 44.7 .3
Chemicals................................... 41.3 41.1 40.9 40.7 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.1 40.9 40.9 .0
Plastics and rubber products................ 41.0 39.4 39.2 39.1 41.0 40.0 39.9 39.6 39.3 39.8 .5
Private service-providing................ 32.2 32.3 32.2 31.9 32.4 32.2 32.2 32.1 32.1 32.1 .0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.1 32.7 32.7 32.6 33.3 32.9 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.8 .0
Wholesale trade.............................. 38.2 38.0 37.8 37.4 38.3 37.8 38.1 37.9 37.7 37.8 .1
Retail trade................................. 29.9 29.6 29.6 29.6 30.2 29.7 29.7 29.8 29.8 29.8 .0
Transportation and warehousing............... 36.2 35.4 36.1 35.5 36.6 36.2 36.0 35.7 36.0 36.0 .0
Utilities.................................... 42.7 43.3 42.2 42.4 42.6 42.9 42.6 43.2 42.5 42.4 -.1
Information................................... 36.3 37.1 36.8 36.2 36.6 37.0 37.2 36.9 36.7 36.5 -.2
Financial activities.......................... 35.7 36.8 36.4 35.8 35.9 35.9 36.2 36.2 36.0 36.0 .0
Professional and business services............ 34.8 34.9 34.9 34.4 34.8 34.8 34.9 34.8 34.7 34.8 .1
Education and health services................. 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.3 32.6 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.5 .1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.2 24.9 24.8 24.6 25.4 25.0 24.8 25.0 24.8 24.8 .0
Other services................................ 30.7 30.7 30.5 30.4 30.8 30.6 30.7 30.6 30.5 30.5 .0
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2009 2009p 2009p
Total private........................... $17.95 $18.57 $18.56 $18.51 $603.12 $616.52 $616.19 $607.13
Seasonally adjusted.................... 17.94 18.46 18.50 18.51 606.37 614.72 614.20 614.53
Goods-producing............................. 19.09 19.64 19.74 19.80 767.42 758.10 763.94 760.32
Mining and logging.............................. 21.78 23.19 23.44 23.54 969.21 1008.77 1005.58 1002.80
Construction.................................... 21.49 22.25 22.46 22.45 825.22 823.25 837.76 830.65
Manufacturing................................... 17.64 18.07 18.09 18.14 723.24 708.34 709.13 705.65
Durable goods.................................. 18.59 19.09 19.18 19.22 767.77 748.33 751.86 749.58
Wood products................................. 14.00 14.77 14.68 14.70 540.40 531.72 531.42 536.55
Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 17.12 17.03 17.22 17.45 722.46 657.36 675.02 701.49
Primary metals................................ 20.21 19.75 19.69 19.91 854.88 786.05 793.51 782.46
Fabricated metal products..................... 16.82 17.30 17.30 17.45 699.71 678.16 671.24 664.85
Machinery..................................... 17.91 18.17 18.23 18.16 761.18 735.89 731.02 722.77
Computer and electronic products.............. 20.86 21.42 21.69 21.77 853.17 863.23 863.26 862.09
Electrical equipment and appliances........... 15.74 15.93 15.95 15.97 643.77 613.31 615.67 616.44
Transportation equipment...................... 23.59 24.69 24.82 24.78 1002.58 990.07 997.76 996.16
Furniture and related products................ 14.45 14.85 15.02 14.98 553.44 547.97 564.75 549.77
Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 14.96 15.97 16.00 16.14 586.43 603.67 614.40 616.55
Nondurable goods............................... 16.03 16.48 16.42 16.49 647.61 644.37 643.66 639.81
Food manufacturing............................ 13.88 14.30 14.22 14.27 560.75 561.99 561.69 552.25
Beverages and tobacco products................ 19.41 20.25 20.40 20.03 770.58 741.15 730.32 703.05
Textile mills................................. 13.45 13.76 13.89 13.82 515.14 493.98 500.04 491.99
Textile product mills......................... 11.77 11.53 11.32 11.34 449.61 426.61 418.84 416.18
Apparel....................................... 11.51 11.40 11.25 11.50 423.57 403.56 408.38 410.55
Leather and allied products................... 12.63 14.19 14.18 14.27 491.31 465.43 470.78 453.79
Paper and paper products...................... 18.64 18.99 18.90 19.17 805.25 780.49 769.23 784.05
Printing and related support activities....... 16.63 16.79 16.72 16.78 638.59 622.91 628.67 620.86
Petroleum and coal products................... 26.96 29.57 29.82 28.88 1156.58 1286.30 1294.19 1276.50
Chemicals..................................... 19.35 19.96 19.93 19.94 799.16 820.36 815.14 811.56
Plastics and rubber products.................. 15.80 16.22 16.17 16.20 647.80 639.07 633.86 633.42
Private service-providing.................. 17.67 18.33 18.31 18.24 568.97 592.06 589.58 581.86
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 16.13 16.47 16.43 16.41 533.90 538.57 537.26 534.97
Wholesale trade................................ 20.01 20.65 20.66 20.70 764.38 784.70 780.95 774.18
Retail trade................................... 12.89 12.99 13.01 13.02 385.41 384.50 385.10 385.39
Transportation and warehousing................. 18.30 18.73 18.54 18.51 662.46 663.04 669.29 657.11
Utilities...................................... 28.70 29.70 29.41 29.52 1225.49 1286.01 1241.10 1251.65
Information..................................... 24.56 25.12 25.39 25.27 891.53 931.95 934.35 914.77
Financial activities............................ 20.21 20.68 20.70 20.66 721.50 761.02 753.48 739.63
Professional and business services.............. 20.91 22.52 22.54 22.28 727.67 785.95 786.65 766.43
Education and health services................... 18.75 19.26 19.20 19.29 607.50 624.02 624.00 623.07
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.81 11.06 10.99 10.97 272.41 275.39 272.55 269.86
Other services.................................. 16.09 16.34 16.34 16.30 493.96 501.64 498.37 495.52
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from:
2008 2008 2009 2009 2009p 2009p Mar. 2009-
Apr. 2009p
Total private:
Current dollars........................ $17.94 $18.40 $18.43 $18.46 $18.50 $18.51 0.1
Constant (1982) dollars (2)............ 8.29 8.65 8.64 8.61 8.64 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............................. 19.16 19.69 19.72 19.78 19.86 19.84 -.1
Mining and logging.............................. 21.77 23.23 23.14 23.14 23.41 23.49 .3
Construction.................................... 21.62 22.41 22.43 22.42 22.60 22.57 -.1
Manufacturing................................... 17.64 17.96 17.99 18.07 18.11 18.13 .1
Excluding overtime (4)....................... 16.82 17.33 17.36 17.47 17.53 17.53 .0
Durable goods.................................. 18.61 18.94 18.99 19.09 19.18 19.21 .2
Nondurable goods............................... 16.01 16.39 16.43 16.49 16.46 16.49 .2
Private service-providing.................. 17.63 18.10 18.14 18.17 18.19 18.22 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 16.08 16.31 16.36 16.38 16.37 16.40 .2
Wholesale trade................................ 20.05 20.31 20.41 20.52 20.60 20.70 .5
Retail trade................................... 12.84 12.94 12.97 12.96 12.97 12.98 .1
Transportation and warehousing................. 18.31 18.66 18.72 18.67 18.62 18.62 .0
Utilities...................................... 28.54 29.16 29.22 29.67 29.29 29.36 .2
Information..................................... 24.56 24.91 24.98 25.09 25.30 25.27 -.1
Financial activities............................ 20.17 20.53 20.53 20.55 20.63 20.63 .0
Professional and business services.............. 20.90 21.97 22.04 22.17 22.28 22.30 .1
Education and health services................... 18.74 19.20 19.18 19.24 19.21 19.29 .4
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.81 10.94 10.97 10.97 10.97 10.96 -.1
Other services.................................. 16.00 16.29 16.30 16.25 16.23 16.23 .0
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.
3 Change was .3 percent from Feb. 2009 to Mar. 2009, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009p 2009p Mar. 2009-
Apr. 2009p
Total private......................... 106.2 99.6 99.5 98.6 107.4 103.2 102.5 101.9 100.9 100.3 -0.6
Goods-producing........................... 97.1 82.0 81.1 80.3 99.0 90.4 88.1 86.5 84.3 82.9 -1.7
Mining and logging............................ 132.0 130.1 124.9 121.6 135.6 139.1 138.3 135.1 129.6 125.9 -2.9
Construction.................................. 105.9 85.8 85.9 86.7 110.4 99.8 97.5 96.1 93.0 90.6 -2.6
Manufacturing................................. 91.7 78.3 77.1 75.6 92.2 84.0 81.7 79.8 78.3 77.6 -.9
Durable goods................................ 94.4 78.1 76.6 75.0 94.9 84.6 81.6 79.6 77.6 76.6 -1.3
Wood products............................... 79.5 57.9 58.8 60.0 80.6 66.7 64.6 62.5 62.1 61.7 -.6
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 93.0 72.0 72.3 76.8 94.1 84.0 81.0 78.9 76.6 77.2 .8
Primary metals.............................. 90.2 71.3 70.2 65.6 90.5 78.1 75.6 72.0 70.1 67.3 -4.0
Fabricated metal products................... 103.2 86.4 83.4 79.7 103.6 93.8 89.8 87.4 84.1 82.2 -2.3
Machinery................................... 103.6 88.5 84.7 82.4 104.0 94.8 91.8 88.9 85.4 84.3 -1.3
Computer and electronic products............ 102.7 93.3 91.2 89.0 103.5 96.8 96.4 94.1 91.5 91.0 -.5
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 88.9 78.1 76.0 74.1 89.5 83.8 81.8 79.1 76.7 76.3 -.5
Transportation equipment.................... 92.5 72.1 71.6 69.7 91.9 79.0 73.2 72.4 71.7 70.6 -1.5
Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 77.4 52.8 52.7 51.8 76.2 61.3 53.5 53.2 52.7 51.8 -1.7
Furniture and related products.............. 77.7 60.8 60.7 58.7 78.7 66.1 64.7 62.5 61.4 59.9 -2.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 90.2 82.2 82.1 82.4 90.7 85.9 84.8 83.7 82.6 83.3 .8
Nondurable goods............................. 87.1 78.4 77.8 76.6 88.2 82.8 81.6 80.3 79.3 79.2 -.1
Food manufacturing.......................... 98.2 94.4 94.5 92.9 101.7 98.6 98.7 98.0 97.9 98.7 .8
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 89.6 83.6 82.1 80.7 92.1 89.3 90.1 88.8 86.4 85.1 -1.5
Textile mills............................... 49.2 37.2 37.0 36.4 49.4 40.7 39.7 38.2 37.2 37.3 .3
Textile product mills....................... 72.1 61.0 58.5 56.9 71.5 65.0 62.7 61.4 58.6 57.6 -1.7
Apparel..................................... 57.9 47.6 48.0 45.7 57.8 51.3 49.7 48.4 48.0 46.6 -2.9
Leather and allied products................. 71.2 56.8 57.7 56.9 71.1 62.5 60.9 59.1 58.4 58.3 -.2
Paper and paper products.................... 84.6 75.0 73.3 73.3 85.3 79.8 77.9 76.4 74.8 74.8 .0
Printing and related support activities..... 87.8 75.7 75.6 73.0 88.3 80.6 78.7 76.5 75.6 74.5 -1.5
Petroleum and coal products................. 96.6 83.5 84.1 90.7 98.9 98.4 93.3 89.2 89.9 93.7 4.2
Chemicals................................... 95.3 90.2 89.0 87.8 95.2 91.8 91.0 90.4 89.1 88.2 -1.0
Plastics and rubber products................ 89.1 75.1 73.3 72.5 89.1 80.2 78.0 76.2 74.4 74.6 .3
Private service-providing................. 108.5 104.9 104.7 104.0 109.5 107.0 106.6 105.9 105.4 105.0 -.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 103.1 97.4 97.2 96.7 104.8 100.6 100.2 99.3 98.9 98.3 -.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 109.2 103.4 102.4 100.8 109.9 105.5 105.6 104.2 102.9 102.2 -.7
Retail trade................................. 99.1 94.1 94.1 94.0 101.6 97.1 96.8 96.8 96.4 96.0 -.4
Transportation and warehousing............... 107.7 99.2 100.8 98.5 109.3 104.2 102.8 101.2 101.6 100.7 -.9
Utilities.................................... 97.6 101.4 98.7 98.6 97.7 100.2 100.1 101.6 99.8 99.2 -.6
Information................................... 99.7 98.3 97.6 95.3 100.7 99.6 99.4 98.4 97.5 96.6 -.9
Financial activities.......................... 107.2 106.8 105.1 102.9 108.3 106.2 106.5 105.8 104.6 103.9 -.7
Professional and business services............ 114.9 106.7 106.4 105.3 115.4 110.8 110.1 108.6 107.4 106.8 -.6
Education and health services................. 115.6 117.9 118.5 118.1 115.4 116.9 117.2 116.9 117.4 117.8 .3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 109.4 102.0 102.8 103.9 111.2 107.8 106.7 107.2 106.0 105.7 -.3
Other services................................ 99.6 97.0 96.5 96.5 99.9 98.3 98.2 97.6 97.0 96.9 -.1
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours
by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average
weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009p 2009p Mar. 2009-
Apr. 2009p
Total private......................... 127.3 123.6 123.4 121.9 128.7 126.9 126.2 125.7 124.7 124.0 -0.6
Goods-producing........................... 113.5 98.6 98.1 97.4 116.1 109.0 106.4 104.7 102.5 100.7 -1.8
Mining and logging............................ 167.1 175.5 170.3 166.4 171.7 188.0 186.2 181.8 176.5 172.0 -2.5
Construction.................................. 122.9 103.0 104.2 105.1 128.9 120.8 118.0 116.4 113.5 110.5 -2.6
Manufacturing................................. 105.8 92.5 91.2 89.7 106.3 98.7 96.1 94.3 92.7 92.0 -.8
Durable goods................................ 109.6 93.0 91.8 90.0 110.2 100.1 96.8 94.9 92.9 91.9 -1.1
Nondurable goods............................. 98.6 91.3 90.2 89.3 99.8 95.9 94.7 93.6 92.2 92.3 .1
Private service-providing................. 131.4 131.8 131.4 130.1 132.4 132.8 132.6 131.9 131.5 131.2 -.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 118.6 114.4 114.0 113.2 120.3 117.0 116.9 116.1 115.4 115.0 -.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 128.7 125.8 124.7 122.9 129.8 126.2 126.9 126.0 124.9 124.7 -.2
Retail trade................................. 109.5 104.8 105.0 105.0 111.8 107.7 107.7 107.5 107.2 106.8 -.4
Transportation and warehousing............... 125.0 117.8 118.5 115.7 127.0 123.3 122.1 119.9 120.0 119.0 -.8
Utilities.................................... 116.9 125.7 121.2 121.5 116.4 121.9 122.1 125.8 122.1 121.6 -.4
Information................................... 121.3 122.3 122.7 119.3 122.5 122.8 122.9 122.2 122.1 120.9 -1.0
Financial activities.......................... 133.9 136.6 134.6 131.4 135.0 134.9 135.1 134.4 133.4 132.5 -.7
Professional and business services............ 142.9 143.0 142.7 139.7 143.5 144.9 144.3 143.3 142.3 141.7 -.4
Education and health services................. 142.5 149.2 149.6 149.8 142.1 147.5 147.8 147.9 148.2 149.4 .8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 134.3 128.2 128.3 129.4 136.5 133.9 132.9 133.6 132.1 131.5 -.5
Other services................................ 116.8 115.5 114.9 114.6 116.5 116.6 116.6 115.6 114.7 114.5 -.2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate
payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of
average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 271 industries (1)
Over 1-month span:
2005 .............. 52.6 60.1 54.1 58.1 56.8 58.3 58.5 59.2 54.2 55.9 62.7 57.6
2006 .............. 64.9 62.2 63.8 59.8 49.1 51.8 59.2 55.4 55.7 56.3 59.4 60.7
2007 .............. 53.5 55.5 52.4 49.4 55.9 48.3 50.7 46.5 55.9 57.2 59.4 57.9
2008 .............. 42.1 40.6 44.1 41.1 42.6 36.9 37.6 39.1 34.7 33.0 27.1 20.5
2009 .............. 22.1 20.8 p20.3 p28.2
Over 3-month span:
2005 .............. 51.7 57.2 59.0 59.8 57.9 62.0 60.5 62.9 60.3 55.5 56.3 62.7
2006 .............. 67.7 68.6 65.1 65.1 60.5 58.9 55.5 57.0 55.0 54.4 59.0 64.2
2007 .............. 62.5 54.8 54.2 54.8 54.1 50.4 52.8 48.7 53.3 53.9 58.3 62.5
2008 .............. 57.7 44.8 40.2 39.7 37.3 33.6 33.6 32.8 34.9 33.2 26.9 20.8
2009 .............. 18.6 14.2 p14.6 p15.9
Over 6-month span:
2005 .............. 55.4 57.9 58.1 57.0 58.3 60.9 63.1 63.3 61.6 59.6 61.4 62.5
2006 .............. 64.6 63.8 67.5 66.2 65.5 66.6 60.3 61.1 57.9 57.9 62.4 59.0
2007 .............. 60.3 57.2 60.5 58.3 55.5 56.5 52.8 52.4 56.6 54.4 56.8 59.0
2008 .............. 56.6 53.0 50.7 47.4 40.2 33.4 31.0 33.4 30.6 29.0 26.0 24.4
2009 .............. 21.6 17.2 p14.2 p15.1
Over 12-month span:
2005 .............. 60.9 60.9 60.0 59.2 58.3 60.3 61.3 63.3 60.7 59.2 59.8 61.8
2006 .............. 67.2 65.5 65.9 62.9 65.5 66.8 64.8 64.4 66.6 65.9 64.9 66.2
2007 .............. 63.3 59.4 61.1 59.6 59.2 58.3 56.8 57.2 59.4 58.9 58.1 59.6
2008 .............. 54.4 56.1 52.6 49.1 50.2 47.8 43.7 42.3 38.0 37.8 32.3 28.2
2009 .............. 24.0 22.0 p19.7 p18.6
Manufacturing payrolls, 83 industries (1)
Over 1-month span:
2005 .............. 36.7 46.4 42.2 46.4 40.4 33.7 41.0 43.4 45.8 47.6 44.6 47.0
2006 .............. 57.8 49.4 53.6 47.0 37.3 50.6 49.4 42.2 40.4 42.8 41.0 44.0
2007 .............. 44.6 41.0 30.7 24.7 38.0 32.5 43.4 30.7 39.2 42.8 60.8 48.2
2008 .............. 30.7 28.9 37.3 32.5 40.4 25.3 25.9 27.7 22.9 18.7 15.1 10.2
2009 .............. 6.0 9.6 p12.7 p26.5
Over 3-month span:
2005 .............. 36.7 43.4 41.0 41.6 35.5 36.1 34.9 36.7 42.2 44.0 38.6 48.8
2006 .............. 56.6 57.2 48.2 48.2 44.6 50.0 43.4 45.2 36.7 33.1 35.5 39.2
2007 .............. 40.4 33.1 33.1 28.9 29.5 30.1 31.9 28.9 30.7 30.7 39.2 51.2
2008 .............. 48.8 33.7 28.3 29.5 26.5 22.9 19.9 16.9 22.3 21.1 15.1 11.4
2009 .............. 6.0 3.6 p2.4 p10.8
Over 6-month span:
2005 .............. 33.7 39.8 38.0 36.1 35.5 34.9 39.8 36.1 36.1 38.0 36.7 39.8
2006 .............. 45.2 45.2 50.6 48.8 50.6 50.0 45.2 47.0 43.4 42.2 39.8 34.3
2007 .............. 37.3 33.1 29.5 28.9 30.7 34.9 28.9 26.5 29.5 28.3 33.7 38.0
2008 .............. 34.3 30.1 37.3 35.5 25.3 20.5 17.5 18.1 16.9 13.3 11.4 9.6
2009 .............. 9.0 4.8 p4.8 p7.2
Over 12-month span:
2005 .............. 45.2 44.0 42.2 41.0 36.7 35.5 32.5 34.3 33.1 33.7 33.7 38.0
2006 .............. 44.0 41.0 41.0 39.8 39.8 45.2 42.2 42.8 47.0 48.8 45.8 44.6
2007 .............. 39.8 36.7 37.3 30.7 28.9 29.5 30.7 28.9 33.1 28.9 34.3 35.5
2008 .............. 27.7 28.9 25.9 25.3 30.7 27.1 24.7 19.3 21.7 21.7 16.9 15.1
2009 .............. 8.4 4.8 p4.8 p4.8
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
United States Department of Labor
