Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-0928
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release
http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Thursday, July 3, 2008.
(NOTE: This release was reissued on Thursday, July 10, 2008, to
correct minor errors in a small number of May and June estimates
from the household survey. The corrected estimates appear in
tables A, A-1, A-2, A-3, A-5, A-6, A-7, A-10, and A-13 and are
designated by a "c." The corrections were so small that the
changes to the previously published estimates only affected
rounding of the last digit displayed for several estimates of
levels; no published rates were affected.
In addition, see page 5 for corrected May data for tables A-10
and A-13 that were published in USDL 08-0757, "THE EMPLOYMENT
SITUATION: MAY 2008." The corrections did not affect the
analysis in the release or any of the establishment survey data
shown in the B tables of the release.)
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JUNE 2008
Nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend down in June (-62,000), while
the unemployment rate held at 5.5 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of
the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Employment continued to fall in
construction, manufacturing, and employment services, while health care and
mining added jobs. Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents, or 0.3 percent,
over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons was essentially unchanged in June, at
8.5 million, and the unemployment rate held at 5.5 percent. A year earlier,
the number of unemployed persons was 7.0 million, and the jobless rate was
4.6 percent. (See table A-1.)
The unemployment rate for Hispanics (7.7 percent) increased over the month,
while the rate for adult men (5.1 percent) continued to trend up. Jobless
rates for adult women (4.7 percent), teenagers (18.1 percent), whites (4.9 per-
cent), and blacks (9.2 percent) showed little or no change in June. The unem-
ployment rate for Asians was 4.5 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables
A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of persons who had lost their last job was
essentially unchanged at 4.4 million in June, but has risen by 952,000 over the
past 12 months. The numbers of unemployed reentrants and new entrants to the
labor force were little changed in June; both groups had increased sharply in
May. (See table A-8.)
Following a large increase in May, the number of newly unemployed--those job-
less fewer than 5 weeks--decreased by 532,000 in June. The number of persons un-
employed 5 to 14 weeks rose by 530,000 over the month. The number of long-term
unemployed (those persons jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged
in June at 1.6 million; this group accounted for 18.4 percent of the unemployed.
(See table A-9.)
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
_______________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data | May -
Category |_________________|__________________________| June
| | | | | | change
| I | II | Apr. | May | June |
| 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 |
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Civilian labor force ....| 153,661| 154,294| 153,957| 154,534| 154,390| -144
Employment ............| 146,070| 146,089| 146,331| 146,046| 145,891| -155
Unemployment ..........| 7,591| 8,204| 7,626| 8,487| 8,499| 12
Not in labor force ......| 79,146| 79,117| 79,241| c78,871| 79,237| c366
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Unemployment rates
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
All workers .............| 4.9| 5.3| 5.0| 5.5| 5.5| 0.0
Adult men .............| 4.4| 4.9| 4.6| 4.9| 5.1| .2
Adult women ...........| 4.3| 4.6| 4.3| 4.8| 4.7| -.1
Teenagers .............| 16.8| 17.4| 15.4| 18.7| 18.1| -.6
White .................| 4.4| 4.7| 4.4| 4.9| 4.9| .0
Black or African | | | | | |
American ............| 8.8| 9.1| 8.6| 9.7| 9.2| -.5
Hispanic or Latino | | | | | |
ethnicity ...........| 6.5| 7.2| 6.9| 6.9| 7.7| .8
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Nonfarm employment.......| 137,917|p137,702| 137,764|p137,702|p137,640| p-62
Goods-producing (1)....| 21,820| p21,569| 21,628| p21,574| p21,505| p-69
Construction ........| 7,384| p7,245| 7,284| p7,247| p7,204| p-43
Manufacturing .......| 13,690| p13,566| 13,592| p13,570| p13,537| p-33
Service-providing (1)..| 116,097|p116,133| 116,136|p116,128|p116,135| p7
Retail trade (2)...| 15,434| p15,338| 15,356| p15,333| p15,326| p-8
Professional and | | | | | |
business services .| 18,063| p17,981| 18,031| p17,982| p17,931| p-51
Education and health | | | | | |
services ..........| 18,664| p18,796| 18,757| p18,801| p18,830| p29
Leisure and | | | | | |
hospitality .......| 13,660| p13,704| 13,690| p13,699| p13,723| p24
Government ..........| 22,358| p22,430| 22,401| p22,430| p22,459| p29
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Hours of work (3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 33.7| p33.7| 33.8| p33.7| p33.7| p0.0
Manufacturing .........| 41.1| p40.9| 41.0| p40.9| p40.8| p-.1
Overtime ............| 4.0| p3.9| 4.0| p3.9| p3.9| p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 107.4| p107.2| 107.5| p107.1| p107.0| p-0.1
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Earnings (3)
|_____________________________________________________
Average hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| $17.81| p$17.95| $17.89| p$17.95| p$18.01| p$0.06
Average weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| 600.80| p605.51| 604.68| p604.92| p606.94| p2.02
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using
unrounded data.
3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.
p = preliminary.
c = corrected.
- 3 -
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
The civilian labor force (154.4 million) and the labor force participation
rate (66.1 percent) were little changed in June; in the prior month the civil-
ian labor force had increased sharply. Both total employment (145.9 million)
and the employment-population ratio (62.4 percent) were essentially unchanged in
June. The employment-population ratio was 0.6 percentage point lower than a year
earlier. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons, at 5.4 million
in June, was about unchanged over the month, but was up by 1.1 million over the
past 12 months. These individuals indicated that they were working part time be-
cause their hours had been cut back or they were unable to find full-time jobs.
(See table A-5.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
In June, about 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force, little different from a year earlier. These indi-
viduals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in
the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally at-
tached, there were 420,000 discouraged workers in June, little changed from a year
earlier. Discouraged workers were not currently looking for work specifically be-
cause they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.1 million per-
sons marginally attached to the labor force in June had not searched for work in
the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-13.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend down in June (-62,000).
Since peaking in December 2007, payroll employment has fallen by 438,000. In
June, job losses continued in construction, manufacturing, and employment ser-
vices. Health care and mining added jobs over the month. (See table B-1.)
Employment in construction fell by 43,000 in June, as job losses continued
across the industry. Since its peak in September 2006, construction employment
has fallen by 528,000.
In June, manufacturing employment fell by 33,000. Job losses were wide-
spread throughout the industry, with notable declines in fabricated metal pro-
ducts (-9,000), printing and related support activities (-6,000), and wood pro-
ducts (-6,000). Employment in motor vehicles and parts edged up by 6,000 over
the month, largely reflecting the return of workers from strikes and related shut-
downs. Over the past 12 months, manufacturing has lost 353,000 jobs.
Within professional and business services, employment services lost 59,000 jobs
in June; about half of the decrease (-30,000) occurred in temporary help services.
So far this year, monthly job losses in temporary help services have averaged 26,000
compared with average declines of 7,000 per month in 2007.
Retail trade employment changed little in June. A job gain in general merchan-
dise stores (9,000) was offset by small declines elsewhere in the sector. Since its
most recent peak in March 2007, retail trade has shed 194,000 jobs.
- 4 -
Employment in mining rose by 8,000 in June. Support activities for mining and
oil and gas extraction accounted for most of the increase. Mining employment has ex-
panded by 208,000, or 42 percent, since its most recent low in April 2003.
Health care employment continued to grow in June (15,000), although the increase
was half the size of the average monthly gain during the prior 12 months. In June,
employment rose in ambulatory health care services (13,000). Since June 2007, health
care has added 348,000 jobs.
In June, food services employment continued to trend upward (16,000), although job
gains in this industry have slowed recently. The industry added an average of 13,000
jobs per month from November 2007 through June 2008; this compares with an average in-
crease of 27,000 jobs per month for the first 10 months of 2007.
Government employment continued to trend up in June and has grown by 257,000 over
the past 12 months. Local government has accounted for about two-thirds of the growth
since June 2007.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
In June, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing work-
week decreased by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and factory overtime was unchanged at 3.9
hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on
nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 percent in June to 107.0 (2002=100). The manufacturing
index declined by 0.5 percent to 91.4 percent. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
In June, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on pri-
vate nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $18.01, seasonally adjusted.
This followed gains of 6 cents in May and 2 cents in April. Average weekly earnings
rose by 0.3 percent in June to $606.94. Over the past 12 months, average hourly
earnings increased by 3.4 percent and average weekly earnings rose by 2.8 percent.
(See tables B-3 and B-4.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for July 2008 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, August 1, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Midwest Floods |
| |
| The Midwest floods and resulting evacuations that occurred in |
|June had no discernable impact on the national establishment and |
|household survey estimates for the month. Response rates for the |
|affected areas were within normal ranges for both surveys. |
| |
------------------------------------------------------------------
- 5 -
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed rates
Occupation
May May May May May May
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 145,864 c 145,927 6,486 8,076 4.3 5.2
Management, professional, and related occupations...... 51,719 52,544 1,019 1,407 1.9 2.6
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations......................................... 21,313 c 21,822 441 610 2.0 2.7
Professional and related occupations................. 30,406 c 30,722 578 796 1.9 2.5
Service occupations.................................... 24,337 24,679 1,432 1,648 5.6 6.3
Sales and office occupations........................... 35,983 35,589 1,528 1,779 4.1 4.8
Sales and related occupations........................ 16,705 16,167 772 861 4.4 5.1
Office and administrative support occupations........ 19,278 19,422 756 918 3.8 4.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................... 15,661 14,876 969 1,207 5.8 7.5
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 1,004 1,008 73 80 6.8 7.3
Construction and extraction occupations.............. 9,458 8,684 700 907 6.9 9.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,199 5,184 196 220 3.6 4.1
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................... 18,165 18,238 985 1,228 5.1 6.3
Production occupations............................... 9,535 9,136 534 653 5.3 6.7
Transportation and material moving occupations....... 8,630 9,103 452 575 5.0 5.9
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
c = corrected.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
May May May May May May
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force........................... 79,130 79,402 30,054 30,470 49,076 48,932
Persons who currently want a job...................... 5,551 5,393 2,562 2,427 2,989 2,966
Searched for work and available to work now (1)..... 1,406 1,416 693 754 713 662
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 368 400 246 260 122 140
Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 1,038 1,016 447 494 591 522
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,693 7,653 3,835 c 3,842 3,858 3,812
Percent of total employed.......................... 5.3 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.7 5.6
Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 4,121 4,205 2,316 c 2,300 1,805 1,904
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,851 1,827 563 577 1,288 1,250
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 327 286 220 195 107 91
Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,334 1,296 711 739 623 557
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
c = corrected.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
- 6 -
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The estab-
lishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea-
surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is
statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for
a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.
However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establish-
ment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the
establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of
employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the
legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include
at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many
are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about
whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these ques-
tions show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor
force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force from 2000
to 2007.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the
time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey
revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the
survey. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark
revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts
available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps
to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.
gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes
the self-employed?
While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household
survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These
estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.
- 7 -
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment esti-
mate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to
achieve that goal.
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs
impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net
impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into
the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its
appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of
households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and
available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary
layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no
requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the
monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force
who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of
labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially
counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news
release.
- 8 -
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households con-
ducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours,
and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS
in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses
and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites.
The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The
sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calen-
dar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey,
the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not
correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work
and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household
is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their
jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or
personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those
not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemploy-
ment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor
force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the
employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
- 9 -
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm
businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay
for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons
are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private busi-
nesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and non-
supervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on
the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the
North American Industry Classification System.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important dis-
tinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid
family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are
excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The
establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The
establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals
are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment
survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than
one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of
employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the
opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-
month changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics
from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as de-
clines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place rela-
tive to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has
risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in pre-
vious years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow
for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
- 10 -
Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or
more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data
are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of con-
fidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are
generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment
from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the
estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The
90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to
530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are
off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes
values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in
fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then
all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero.
In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had,
in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for
the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower stan-
dard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the
data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal
adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
- 11 -
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a seg-
ment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or pro-
cessing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are
based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly esti-
mate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inabil-
ity to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two
components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business
deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-
based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out
of business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The
second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net
birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series
used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance uni-
verse micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths
over the past five years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on
a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative
records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-
based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision,
and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision
for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from less than 0.1 percent
to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 231,713 233,405 233,627 231,713 232,809 232,995 233,198 233,405 233,627
Civilian labor force....................... 154,252 154,003 155,582 153,085 153,374 153,784 153,957 154,534 154,390
Participation rate................... 66.6 66.0 66.6 66.1 65.9 66.0 66.0 66.2 66.1
Employed................................. 146,958 c 145,927 146,649 146,087 145,993 145,969 146,331 146,046 145,891
Employment-population ratio.......... 63.4 62.5 62.8 63.0 62.7 62.6 62.7 62.6 62.4
Unemployed............................... 7,295 8,076 8,933 6,997 7,381 7,815 7,626 8,487 8,499
Unemployment rate.................... 4.7 5.2 5.7 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5
Not in labor force......................... 77,460 79,402 78,045 78,628 79,436 79,211 79,241 c 78,871 79,237
Persons who currently want a job......... 5,288 5,393 5,374 4,888 4,772 4,730 4,755 4,766 4,888
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 112,093 112,912 113,029 112,093 112,596 112,695 112,803 112,912 113,029
Civilian labor force....................... 83,050 82,443 83,432 82,102 82,132 82,184 82,256 82,602 82,528
Participation rate................... 74.1 73.0 73.8 73.2 72.9 72.9 72.9 73.2 73.0
Employed................................. 79,150 77,983 78,614 78,243 78,113 77,948 78,038 77,954 77,794
Employment-population ratio.......... 70.6 69.1 69.6 69.8 69.4 69.2 69.2 69.0 68.8
Unemployed............................... 3,900 4,459 4,818 3,859 4,019 4,236 4,218 4,648 4,734
Unemployment rate.................... 4.7 5.4 5.8 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.7
Not in labor force......................... 29,043 30,470 29,597 29,991 30,464 30,511 30,547 30,310 30,502
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 103,477 104,258 104,371 103,477 103,961 104,052 104,152 104,258 104,371
Civilian labor force....................... 78,767 78,859 79,231 78,503 78,748 78,838 78,776 78,878 79,037
Participation rate................... 76.1 75.6 75.9 75.9 75.7 75.8 75.6 75.7 75.7
Employed................................. 75,759 c 75,152 75,402 75,292 75,362 75,197 75,148 75,001 74,998
Employment-population ratio.......... 73.2 72.1 72.2 72.8 72.5 72.3 72.2 71.9 71.9
Unemployed............................... 3,008 3,708 3,829 3,212 3,386 3,641 3,628 3,877 4,038
Unemployment rate.................... 3.8 4.7 4.8 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1
Not in labor force......................... 24,710 25,399 25,139 24,973 25,213 25,214 25,376 25,380 25,334
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 119,620 120,493 120,598 119,620 120,213 120,300 120,396 120,493 120,598
Civilian labor force....................... 71,203 71,560 72,150 70,983 71,241 71,600 71,701 71,931 71,862
Participation rate................... 59.5 59.4 59.8 59.3 59.3 59.5 59.6 59.7 59.6
Employed................................. 67,808 67,943 68,035 67,845 67,880 68,021 68,293 68,092 68,097
Employment-population ratio.......... 56.7 56.4 56.4 56.7 56.5 56.5 56.7 56.5 56.5
Unemployed............................... 3,395 3,617 4,115 3,138 3,361 3,579 3,408 3,839 3,765
Unemployment rate.................... 4.8 5.1 5.7 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.2
Not in labor force......................... 48,418 48,932 48,448 48,637 48,972 48,700 48,694 48,562 48,735
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 111,259 112,083 112,183 111,259 111,822 111,902 111,990 112,083 112,183
Civilian labor force....................... 67,198 68,124 68,227 67,481 67,816 68,159 68,176 68,390 68,446
Participation rate................... 60.4 60.8 60.8 60.7 60.6 60.9 60.9 61.0 61.0
Employed................................. 64,473 65,115 64,904 64,828 64,950 65,055 65,260 65,138 65,238
Employment-population ratio.......... 57.9 58.1 57.9 58.3 58.1 58.1 58.3 58.1 58.2
Unemployed............................... 2,724 3,008 3,323 2,653 2,865 3,104 2,916 3,252 3,208
Unemployment rate.................... 4.1 4.4 4.9 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.7
Not in labor force......................... 44,061 43,959 43,956 43,778 44,006 43,743 43,814 43,693 43,737
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 16,977 17,064 17,073 16,977 17,027 17,041 17,056 17,064 17,073
Civilian labor force....................... 8,288 7,020 8,124 7,100 6,810 6,787 7,005 7,266 6,907
Participation rate................... 48.8 41.1 47.6 41.8 40.0 39.8 41.1 42.6 40.5
Employed................................. 6,725 5,660 6,343 5,968 5,681 5,717 5,923 5,907 5,655
Employment-population ratio.......... 39.6 33.2 37.1 35.2 33.4 33.5 34.7 34.6 33.1
Unemployed............................... 1,563 1,360 1,781 1,133 1,130 1,070 1,082 1,358 1,253
Unemployment rate.................... 18.9 19.4 21.9 16.0 16.6 15.8 15.4 18.7 18.1
Not in labor force......................... 8,690 10,044 8,950 9,877 10,216 10,254 10,051 9,798 10,166
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
c = corrected.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 188,148 189,281 189,428 188,148 188,906 189,019 189,147 189,281 189,428
Civilian labor force....................... 125,867 125,415 126,674 124,918 124,940 125,190 125,171 125,762 125,704
Participation rate..................... 66.9 66.3 66.9 66.4 66.1 66.2 66.2 66.4 66.4
Employed................................. 120,592 119,603 120,191 119,835 119,534 119,574 119,667 119,661 119,518
Employment-population ratio............ 64.1 63.2 63.4 63.7 63.3 63.3 63.3 63.2 63.1
Unemployed............................... 5,276 5,812 6,483 5,083 5,406 5,616 5,504 6,101 6,186
Unemployment rate...................... 4.2 4.6 5.1 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.9
Not in labor force......................... 62,280 63,866 c 62,753 63,230 63,966 63,829 63,975 63,519 63,724
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 65,415 65,416 65,578 65,181 65,270 65,342 65,183 65,392 65,402
Participation rate..................... 76.6 76.1 76.3 76.4 76.1 76.2 75.9 76.1 76.1
Employed................................. 63,239 62,671 62,803 62,835 62,745 62,665 62,507 62,491 62,447
Employment-population ratio............ 74.1 72.9 73.0 73.6 73.2 73.1 72.8 72.7 72.6
Unemployed............................... 2,176 2,744 2,775 2,346 2,524 2,677 2,676 2,901 2,955
Unemployment rate...................... 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 53,594 54,230 54,346 53,863 54,078 54,264 54,211 54,400 54,562
Participation rate..................... 59.7 60.1 60.2 60.0 60.0 60.2 60.1 60.3 60.4
Employed................................. 51,633 52,159 51,969 51,960 52,004 52,061 52,182 52,177 52,282
Employment-population ratio............ 57.5 57.8 57.5 57.9 57.7 57.7 57.8 57.8 57.9
Unemployed............................... 1,961 2,071 2,376 1,903 2,075 2,202 2,029 2,223 2,280
Unemployment rate...................... 3.7 3.8 4.4 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.7 4.1 4.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 6,859 5,769 6,750 5,874 5,592 5,584 5,777 5,971 5,740
Participation rate..................... 52.6 44.1 51.6 45.0 42.8 42.7 44.2 45.7 43.9
Employed................................. 5,720 4,772 5,419 5,040 4,785 4,848 4,978 4,993 4,789
Employment-population ratio............ 43.9 36.5 41.4 38.6 36.6 37.1 38.1 38.2 36.6
Unemployed............................... 1,139 996 1,332 834 807 736 799 978 951
Unemployment rate...................... 16.6 17.3 19.7 14.2 14.4 13.2 13.8 16.4 16.6
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 27,459 27,780 27,816 27,459 27,675 27,709 27,746 27,780 27,816
Civilian labor force....................... 17,681 17,676 17,926 17,456 17,632 17,702 17,753 17,742 17,716
Participation rate..................... 64.4 63.6 64.4 63.6 63.7 63.9 64.0 63.9 63.7
Employed................................. 16,091 16,015 16,165 15,989 16,169 16,116 16,234 16,029 16,085
Employment-population ratio............ 58.6 57.6 58.1 58.2 58.4 58.2 58.5 57.7 57.8
Unemployed............................... 1,589 1,661 1,760 1,467 1,463 1,586 1,520 1,713 1,632
Unemployment rate...................... 9.0 9.4 9.8 8.4 8.3 9.0 8.6 9.7 9.2
Not in labor force......................... 9,778 10,105 9,891 10,003 10,043 10,007 9,992 10,038 10,100
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 7,829 7,880 c 8,051 7,794 7,947 7,922 7,945 7,909 7,997
Participation rate..................... 70.9 70.6 72.0 70.6 71.5 71.2 71.3 70.8 71.5
Employed................................. 7,198 7,182 7,292 7,149 7,320 7,255 7,278 7,202 7,254
Employment-population ratio............ 65.2 64.3 65.2 64.7 65.8 65.2 65.3 64.5 64.9
Unemployed............................... 632 698 c 760 645 627 667 667 707 742
Unemployment rate...................... 8.1 8.9 9.4 8.3 7.9 8.4 8.4 8.9 9.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,866 8,988 8,987 8,848 8,866 9,016 9,038 9,008 8,973
Participation rate..................... 64.4 64.5 64.4 64.2 63.8 64.8 64.9 64.6 64.3
Employed................................. 8,276 8,284 8,300 8,279 8,289 8,336 8,374 8,268 8,305
Employment-population ratio............ 60.1 59.4 59.5 60.1 59.6 59.9 60.1 59.3 59.5
Unemployed............................... 590 704 687 569 577 680 664 740 668
Unemployment rate...................... 6.7 7.8 7.6 6.4 6.5 7.5 7.4 8.2 7.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 985 808 887 813 819 764 771 825 747
Participation rate..................... 37.3 30.2 33.1 30.8 30.8 28.7 28.9 30.9 27.9
Employed................................. 618 548 573 561 560 525 582 558 525
Employment-population ratio............ 23.4 20.5 21.4 21.3 21.0 19.7 21.8 20.9 19.6
Unemployed............................... 368 259 314 252 259 239 189 266 221
Unemployment rate...................... 37.3 32.1 35.4 31.0 31.7 31.3 24.5 32.3 29.6
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 10,617 c 10,669 c 10,728 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Civilian labor force....................... 7,106 c 7,156 7,231 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 66.9 67.1 67.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 6,887 6,881 6,903 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 64.9 64.5 64.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 220 275 328 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 3.1 3.8 4.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Not in labor force......................... 3,511 3,513 3,498 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
c = corrected.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 31,329 31,998 32,087 31,329 31,732 31,820 31,911 31,998 32,087
Civilian labor force....................... 21,552 22,104 22,184 21,460 21,755 21,775 21,917 22,102 22,131
Participation rate..................... 68.8 69.1 69.1 68.5 68.6 68.4 68.7 69.1 69.0
Employed................................. 20,365 20,699 20,499 20,245 20,401 20,269 20,404 20,573 20,420
Employment-population ratio............ 65.0 64.7 63.9 64.6 64.3 63.7 63.9 64.3 63.6
Unemployed............................... 1,187 1,405 1,684 1,216 1,354 1,507 1,512 1,529 1,711
Unemployment rate...................... 5.5 6.4 7.6 5.7 6.2 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.7
Not in labor force......................... 9,777 9,894 9,904 9,869 9,977 10,045 9,994 9,896 9,956
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 12,324 12,627 12,632 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 84.3 84.7 84.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 11,854 11,893 11,849 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 81.1 79.8 79.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 470 734 783 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 3.8 5.8 6.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,060 8,346 8,286 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 58.5 59.3 58.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 7,605 c 7,874 7,680 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 55.2 56.0 54.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 456 473 606 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 5.7 5.7 7.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 1,168 1,131 1,266 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 39.8 37.4 41.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 906 933 970 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 30.9 30.8 32.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 261 198 296 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 22.4 17.5 23.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
c = corrected.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force......................... 12,286 12,423 12,422 12,029 12,127 12,058 12,095 12,119 12,178
Participation rate....................... 46.0 46.5 46.8 45.0 46.4 46.0 45.5 45.4 45.9
Employed................................... 11,530 11,512 11,424 11,210 11,236 11,071 11,157 11,118 11,117
Employment-population ratio.............. 43.1 43.1 43.0 41.9 43.0 42.3 42.0 41.6 41.9
Unemployed................................. 756 911 998 819 891 986 938 1,001 1,061
Unemployment rate........................ 6.2 7.3 8.0 6.8 7.3 8.2 7.8 8.3 8.7
High school graduates, no college (1)
Civilian labor force......................... 38,093 38,198 37,875 38,302 38,078 37,952 37,926 38,323 38,170
Participation rate....................... 62.5 62.6 62.3 62.9 62.6 62.3 62.6 62.8 62.8
Employed................................... 36,599 36,387 36,031 36,746 36,303 36,016 36,032 36,349 36,233
Employment-population ratio.............. 60.1 59.6 59.3 60.3 59.7 59.1 59.5 59.5 59.6
Unemployed................................. 1,494 1,811 1,844 1,556 1,775 1,936 1,894 1,974 1,937
Unemployment rate........................ 3.9 4.7 4.9 4.1 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.1
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force......................... 35,916 36,565 36,692 36,188 36,437 36,548 36,688 36,791 36,824
Participation rate....................... 72.0 72.0 71.7 72.5 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.4 71.9
Employed................................... 34,650 35,101 35,117 34,912 35,086 35,142 35,271 35,219 35,264
Employment-population ratio.............. 69.4 69.1 68.6 69.9 69.4 69.3 69.4 69.3 68.9
Unemployed................................. 1,265 1,464 1,575 1,275 1,351 1,405 1,417 1,572 1,559
Unemployment rate........................ 3.5 4.0 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.2
Bachelor's degree and higher (2)
Civilian labor force......................... 43,977 44,612 44,677 44,248 45,226 45,459 45,309 44,566 44,993
Participation rate....................... 77.5 77.8 77.5 78.0 78.1 78.6 78.4 77.7 78.1
Employed................................... 43,080 43,673 43,611 43,363 44,283 44,501 44,376 43,588 43,964
Employment-population ratio.............. 75.9 76.1 75.7 76.4 76.5 77.0 76.8 76.0 76.3
Unemployed................................. 897 939 1,066 885 944 958 933 978 1,029
Unemployment rate........................ 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3
1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries........... 2,145 2,160 2,331 1,957 2,213 2,192 2,109 2,122 2,137
Wage and salary workers.................... 1,312 1,264 1,401 1,155 1,324 1,331 1,244 1,241 1,244
Self-employed workers...................... 813 865 876 778 873 849 839 849 840
Unpaid family workers...................... 20 31 53 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Nonagricultural industries................... 144,813 143,767 144,319 144,066 143,820 143,796 144,258 143,898 143,650
Wage and salary workers.................... 134,679 134,164 134,573 134,153 134,259 134,411 134,761 134,385 134,132
Government............................... 20,897 21,601 20,955 21,107 21,252 21,262 21,333 21,263 c 21,186
Private industries....................... 113,782 112,563 113,618 113,028 112,972 113,142 113,394 c 113,116 113,001
Private households..................... 837 774 862 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Other industries....................... 112,944 111,789 112,756 112,234 112,212 112,383 112,650 112,315 112,155
Self-employed workers...................... 9,991 9,470 9,625 9,858 9,410 9,224 9,355 c 9,384 9,430
Unpaid family workers...................... 143 132 120 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,469 5,096 5,697 4,311 4,884 4,914 5,220 5,233 5,416
Slack work or business conditions........ 2,736 3,560 3,806 2,803 3,291 3,323 3,558 3,595 3,816
Could only find part-time work........... 1,359 1,264 1,532 1,197 1,222 1,362 1,323 1,281 1,336
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 18,935 19,708 18,424 20,076 19,348 19,409 19,809 19,428 19,496
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,393 5,046 c 5,608 4,210 4,790 4,797 5,125 5,164 5,308
Slack work or business conditions........ 2,679 3,522 3,749 2,736 3,231 3,238 3,513 3,531 3,744
Could only find part-time work........... 1,352 1,261 1,513 1,198 1,216 1,354 1,331 1,288 1,328
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 18,582 19,350 18,038 19,734 19,019 19,072 19,456 19,047 19,106
1 Data not available.
2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as
vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked
only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
c = corrected.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 146,958 c 145,927 146,649 146,087 145,993 145,969 146,331 146,046 145,891
16 to 19 years............................. 6,725 5,660 6,343 5,968 5,681 5,717 5,923 5,907 5,655
16 to 17 years........................... 2,635 1,919 2,212 2,334 2,109 2,125 2,072 2,040 1,966
18 to 19 years........................... 4,090 3,741 4,130 3,641 3,579 3,578 3,847 3,807 3,678
20 years and over.......................... 140,233 140,267 140,307 140,120 140,312 140,252 140,408 140,139 140,236
20 to 24 years........................... 14,373 13,595 14,123 13,969 13,632 13,657 13,761 13,704 13,720
25 years and over........................ 125,859 126,672 126,183 126,177 126,644 126,574 126,595 126,394 126,565
25 to 54 years......................... 100,280 99,993 99,597 100,434 100,057 99,948 99,964 99,774 99,813
25 to 34 years....................... 31,700 31,573 31,540 31,631 31,599 31,581 31,639 31,545 31,488
35 to 44 years....................... 34,122 33,820 33,553 34,230 33,863 33,783 33,740 33,701 33,692
45 to 54 years....................... 34,458 34,601 34,504 34,573 34,595 34,585 34,586 34,528 c 34,634
55 years and over...................... 25,580 26,679 26,586 25,743 26,587 26,626 26,631 26,620 26,751
Men, 16 years and over....................... 79,150 77,983 78,614 78,243 78,113 77,948 78,038 77,954 77,794
16 to 19 years............................. 3,391 2,832 3,212 2,951 2,751 2,751 2,890 2,953 2,795
16 to 17 years........................... 1,323 927 1,106 1,126 966 971 937 990 938
18 to 19 years........................... 2,068 1,904 2,106 1,843 1,782 1,780 1,948 1,946 1,879
20 years and over.......................... 75,759 c 75,152 75,402 75,292 75,362 75,197 75,148 75,001 74,998
20 to 24 years........................... 7,629 7,215 7,450 7,358 7,219 7,268 7,299 7,250 7,202
25 years and over........................ 68,130 67,937 67,952 67,960 68,129 67,938 67,809 67,742 67,832
25 to 54 years......................... 54,471 53,797 53,714 54,295 54,016 53,847 53,678 c 53,652 53,605
25 to 34 years....................... 17,545 17,357 17,367 17,470 17,346 17,255 17,321 17,309 17,298
35 to 44 years....................... 18,696 18,210 18,154 18,645 18,400 18,359 18,180 18,147 18,133
45 to 54 years....................... 18,231 18,230 18,193 18,180 18,270 18,233 18,177 18,196 18,174
55 years and over...................... 13,659 14,140 14,238 13,664 14,113 14,091 14,131 14,091 14,227
Women, 16 years and over..................... 67,808 67,943 68,035 67,845 67,880 68,021 68,293 68,092 68,097
16 to 19 years............................. 3,334 2,828 3,131 3,017 2,929 2,966 3,033 2,954 2,859
16 to 17 years........................... 1,311 c 992 1,106 1,208 1,143 1,154 1,136 1,050 1,028
18 to 19 years........................... 2,023 1,836 2,025 1,798 1,797 1,798 1,899 1,861 1,799
20 years and over.......................... 64,473 65,115 64,904 64,828 64,950 65,055 65,260 65,138 65,238
20 to 24 years........................... 6,744 6,380 6,673 6,612 6,414 6,389 6,463 6,454 6,518
25 years and over........................ 57,729 58,736 58,231 58,217 58,515 58,636 58,786 58,652 58,733
25 to 54 years......................... 45,809 46,196 45,883 46,139 46,041 46,101 46,286 46,122 46,208
25 to 34 years....................... 14,155 14,216 14,173 14,161 14,254 14,326 14,318 14,236 14,190
35 to 44 years....................... 15,426 15,610 15,400 15,585 15,463 15,423 15,559 15,555 15,559
45 to 54 years....................... 16,227 16,370 16,311 16,393 16,325 16,352 16,409 16,332 16,459
55 years and over...................... 11,921 12,540 12,348 12,078 12,474 12,535 12,500 12,529 12,525
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 46,441 46,024 45,897 46,448 46,136 45,961 45,964 45,862 45,911
Married women, spouse present................ 35,679 36,298 35,940 36,111 35,648 35,749 36,177 36,171 36,270
Women who maintain families.................. 9,240 9,189 9,007 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (2)........................ 122,150 120,809 121,845 120,650 121,275 121,231 120,856 120,989 120,542
Part-time workers (3)........................ 24,808 25,117 24,804 25,475 24,697 24,691 25,245 c 24,970 25,419
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders.................... 7,538 7,653 7,694 7,666 7,582 7,449 7,644 7,679 7,794
Percent of total employed................ 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3
1 Data not available.
2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
c = corrected.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1)
(in thousands)
Characteristic
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 6,997 8,487 8,499 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5
16 to 19 years............................. 1,133 1,358 1,253 16.0 16.6 15.8 15.4 18.7 18.1
16 to 17 years........................... 479 547 596 17.0 18.3 18.6 19.7 21.2 23.3
18 to 19 years........................... 680 807 678 15.7 15.5 14.0 13.2 17.5 15.6
20 years and over.......................... 5,865 7,129 c 7,247 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.9
20 to 24 years........................... 1,236 1,584 1,535 8.1 8.9 9.3 8.9 10.4 10.1
25 years and over........................ 4,578 5,470 5,639 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.3
25 to 54 years......................... 3,754 4,598 4,704 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.5
25 to 34 years....................... 1,522 1,761 1,798 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.4
35 to 44 years....................... 1,169 1,494 1,545 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.4
45 to 54 years....................... 1,062 1,343 1,361 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8
55 years and over...................... 812 896 919 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.3
Men, 16 years and over....................... 3,859 4,648 4,734 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.7
16 to 19 years............................. 648 771 695 18.0 18.7 17.8 16.9 20.7 19.9
16 to 17 years........................... 255 301 333 18.5 20.5 22.0 22.2 23.3 26.2
18 to 19 years........................... 420 475 387 18.5 18.0 15.2 14.5 19.6 17.1
20 years and over.......................... 3,212 3,877 4,038 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1
20 to 24 years........................... 751 900 904 9.3 9.9 10.3 9.9 11.0 11.2
25 years and over........................ 2,417 2,960 3,072 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3
25 to 54 years......................... 1,981 2,465 2,574 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6
25 to 34 years....................... 839 994 986 4.6 4.8 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.4
35 to 44 years....................... 571 772 863 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.5
45 to 54 years....................... 572 699 725 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8
55 years and over...................... 436 496 497 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.4 3.4
Women, 16 years and over..................... 3,138 3,839 3,765 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.2
16 to 19 years............................. 485 587 557 13.9 14.5 13.8 14.0 16.6 16.3
16 to 17 years........................... 224 246 262 15.6 16.2 15.5 17.5 19.0 20.3
18 to 19 years........................... 260 332 292 12.6 12.8 12.8 11.8 15.2 13.9
20 years and over.......................... 2,653 3,252 3,208 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.7
20 to 24 years........................... 485 684 631 6.8 7.7 8.1 7.7 9.6 8.8
25 years and over........................ 2,161 2,509 2,567 3.6 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2
25 to 54 years......................... 1,773 2,133 2,130 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.4
25 to 34 years....................... 684 767 812 4.6 4.7 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.4
35 to 44 years....................... 599 722 682 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.4 4.2
45 to 54 years....................... 491 644 636 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.7
55 years and over (2).................. 391 357 439 3.2 3.3 3.4 2.8 2.8 3.4
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 1,126 1,357 1,426 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0
Married women, spouse present................ 1,013 1,169 1,256 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3
Women who maintain families (2).............. 679 683 768 6.8 6.7 7.1 6.8 6.9 7.9
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (3)........................ 5,722 7,010 7,050 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5
Part-time workers (4)........................ 1,243 1,454 1,442 4.7 5.0 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.4
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Not seasonally adjusted.
3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on lay-
off from full-time jobs.
4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on
layoff from part-time jobs.
c = corrected.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs.............................. 3,241 3,949 4,201 3,418 3,854 4,154 4,014 4,282 4,370
On temporary layoff........................ 771 856 949 862 971 1,056 1,099 1,113 1,077
Not on temporary layoff.................... 2,469 3,094 3,252 2,555 2,883 3,098 2,915 3,169 3,292
Permanent job losers..................... 1,734 2,220 2,341 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs..... 736 874 912 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers.................................. 794 819 818 810 769 781 850 870 833
Reentrants................................... 2,327 2,515 2,778 2,125 2,112 2,117 2,134 2,460 2,498
New entrants................................. 933 793 1,136 628 648 681 624 828 748
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 44.4 48.9 47.0 49.0 52.2 53.7 52.7 50.7 51.7
On temporary layoff....................... 10.6 10.6 10.6 12.4 13.2 13.7 14.4 13.2 12.7
Not on temporary layoff................... 33.9 38.3 36.4 36.6 39.0 40.1 38.2 37.5 39.0
Job leavers................................. 10.9 10.1 9.2 11.6 10.4 10.1 11.2 10.3 9.9
Reentrants.................................. 31.9 31.1 31.1 30.4 28.6 27.4 28.0 29.1 29.6
New entrants................................ 12.8 9.8 12.7 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.2 9.8 8.9
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8
Job leavers................................. .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5
Reentrants.................................. 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6
New entrants................................ .6 .5 .7 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5
1 Data not available.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks...................................... 3,185 3,222 3,425 2,505 2,639 2,767 2,484 3,244 2,712
5 to 14 weeks.......................................... 1,933 2,035 2,719 2,140 2,396 2,525 2,495 2,469 2,999
15 weeks and over...................................... 2,176 2,819 2,790 2,296 2,377 2,400 2,626 2,773 2,916
15 to 26 weeks...................................... 1,068 1,263 1,261 1,136 1,079 1,118 1,272 1,223 1,328
27 weeks and over................................... 1,108 1,557 1,529 1,159 1,299 1,282 1,353 1,550 1,587
Average (mean) duration, in weeks...................... 15.1 17.0 15.9 16.8 16.8 16.2 16.9 16.6 17.5
Median duration, in weeks.............................. 6.2 8.2 7.5 8.3 8.4 8.1 9.3 8.3 10.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.................................... 43.7 39.9 38.3 36.1 35.6 36.0 32.7 38.2 31.4
5 to 14 weeks........................................ 26.5 25.2 30.4 30.8 32.3 32.8 32.8 29.1 34.8
15 weeks and over.................................... 29.8 34.9 31.2 33.1 32.1 31.2 34.5 32.7 33.8
15 to 26 weeks..................................... 14.6 15.6 14.1 16.4 14.6 14.5 16.7 14.4 15.4
27 weeks and over.................................. 15.2 19.3 17.1 16.7 17.5 16.7 17.8 18.3 18.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed rates
Occupation
June June June June June June
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 146,958 146,649 7,295 8,933 4.7 5.7
Management, professional, and related occupations...... 51,300 52,735 1,233 1,478 2.3 2.7
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations......................................... 21,352 22,160 425 557 2.0 2.5
Professional and related occupations................. 29,949 30,575 808 921 2.6 2.9
Service occupations.................................... 24,976 c 25,134 1,565 1,758 5.9 6.5
Sales and office occupations........................... 36,518 c 35,564 1,645 1,937 4.3 5.2
Sales and related occupations........................ 17,037 16,199 873 969 4.9 5.6
Office and administrative support occupations........ 19,481 19,365 771 968 3.8 4.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................... 15,870 15,024 865 1,179 5.2 7.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 1,050 1,073 83 62 7.3 5.5
Construction and extraction occupations.............. 9,597 8,798 628 881 6.1 9.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,223 5,154 155 236 2.9 4.4
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................... 18,294 18,192 1,026 1,422 5.3 7.3
Production occupations............................... 9,517 9,151 515 720 5.1 7.3
Transportation and material moving occupations....... 8,777 9,041 511 702 5.5 7.2
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
c = corrected.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
June June June June
2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1).................... 7,295 8,933 4.7 5.7
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........ 5,472 6,693 4.6 5.6
Mining............................................... 33 28 4.3 3.3
Construction......................................... 600 785 5.9 8.2
Manufacturing........................................ 653 862 4.0 5.2
Durable goods...................................... 406 544 3.9 5.1
Nondurable goods................................... 247 318 4.1 5.5
Wholesale and retail trade........................... 979 1,160 4.6 5.7
Transportation and utilities......................... 242 329 4.1 5.1
Information.......................................... 114 157 3.4 4.7
Financial activities................................. 303 337 3.1 3.4
Professional and business services................... 722 890 5.2 6.2
Education and health services........................ 653 669 3.4 3.4
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 917 1,154 7.2 8.9
Other services....................................... 256 322 4.0 5.0
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers 59 86 4.5 6.1
Government workers..................................... 572 654 2.7 3.0
Self employed and unpaid family workers................ 258 364 2.3 3.3
1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure
June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent
of the civilian labor force....................... 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.... 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian
labor force (official unemployment rate).......... 4.7 5.2 5.7 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers............................... 5.0 5.5 6.0 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.7 5.8
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus
all other marginally attached workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers....................... 5.6 6.1 6.7 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.8 6.4 6.4
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached
workers, plus total employed part time for
economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all marginally attached workers.. 8.5 9.4 10.3 8.3 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.7 9.9
NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those
who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS
introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Updated population
controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
June June June June June June
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force........................... 77,460 78,045 29,043 29,597 48,418 48,448
Persons who currently want a job...................... 5,288 5,374 2,323 2,504 2,965 2,870
Searched for work and available to work now (1)..... 1,454 1,558 727 863 727 695
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 401 420 256 297 145 123
Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 1,053 1,137 470 565 582 572
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,538 7,694 3,777 3,888 3,761 3,805
Percent of total employed.......................... 5.1 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.5 5.6
Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 4,019 4,073 2,227 c 2,236 1,792 1,836
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,804 1,796 537 574 1,266 1,222
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 289 351 202 243 88 107
Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,371 1,439 771 820 600 619
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health,
and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
c = corrected.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p May 2008-
June 2008p
Total nonfarm......... 138,791 137,730 138,383 138,624 137,625 137,919 137,831 137,764 137,702 137,640 -62
Total private........... 116,628 114,932 115,559 116,197 115,423 115,557 115,454 115,363 115,272 115,181 -91
Goods-producing............. 22,636 21,412 21,627 21,841 22,267 21,816 21,737 21,628 21,574 21,505 -69
Natural resources and mining.... 733 743 758 776 721 744 750 752 757 764 7
Logging...................... 62.2 56.6 57.4 57.9 61.2 60.2 60.1 60.8 59.5 57.5 -2.0
Mining......................... 670.9 686.2 700.4 718.3 659.6 684.0 689.7 690.9 697.6 706.0 8.4
Oil and gas extraction........ 147.0 152.6 156.6 161.3 144.8 153.8 155.2 154.2 156.8 158.7 1.9
Mining, except oil and gas (1). 232.3 222.8 232.0 236.6 225.0 225.7 226.2 225.8 228.5 229.2 .7
Coal mining.................. 77.4 79.1 80.2 81.2 76.9 78.7 79.2 79.3 80.5 80.9 .4
Support activities for mining. 291.6 310.8 311.8 320.4 289.8 304.5 308.3 310.9 312.3 318.1 5.8
Construction.................... 7,913 7,125 7,305 7,433 7,656 7,382 7,343 7,284 7,247 7,204 -43
Construction of buildings..... 1,821.1 1,611.8 1,638.8 1,662.9 1,778.1 1,673.0 1,668.2 1,648.2 1,632.3 1,620.0 -12.3
Residential building......... 989.0 841.4 860.0 873.7 962.9 877.0 875.5 863.9 855.4 848.7 -6.7
Nonresidential building...... 832.1 770.4 778.8 789.2 815.2 796.0 792.7 784.3 776.9 771.3 -5.6
Heavy and civil engineering
construction................. 1,063.3 935.8 991.0 1,013.7 1,008.1 977.6 976.9 967.4 964.9 960.0 -4.9
Specialty trade contractors... 5,028.3 4,577.1 4,674.7 4,756.8 4,870.1 4,731.8 4,697.5 4,668.0 4,649.7 4,624.4 -25.3
Residential specialty trade
contractors................. 2,396.5 2,070.9 2,112.3 2,153.8 2,312.3 2,164.2 2,137.5 2,117.1 2,095.4 2,081.1 -14.3
Nonresidential specialty
trade contractors........... 2,631.8 2,506.2 2,562.4 2,603.0 2,557.8 2,567.6 2,560.0 2,550.9 2,554.3 2,543.3 -11.0
Manufacturing................... 13,990 13,544 13,564 13,632 13,890 13,690 13,644 13,592 13,570 13,537 -33
Production workers........... 10,059 9,761 9,786 9,841 9,980 9,879 9,847 9,799 9,786 9,761 -25
Durable goods.................. 8,882 8,599 8,602 8,642 8,816 8,685 8,652 8,607 8,593 8,577 -16
Production workers........... 6,312 6,111 6,112 6,143 6,257 6,182 6,152 6,112 6,101 6,088 -13
Wood products................. 530.1 486.7 483.9 484.1 520.4 498.6 492.9 490.9 482.3 476.7 -5.6
Nonmetallic mineral products.. 516.7 482.8 485.7 491.5 505.5 492.2 487.7 486.3 482.0 480.8 -1.2
Primary metals................ 456.8 451.9 449.5 449.9 454.3 451.4 451.3 450.1 448.2 447.6 -.6
Fabricated metal products..... 1,571.8 1,542.2 1,543.1 1,541.7 1,563.3 1,557.1 1,556.9 1,544.1 1,543.0 1,533.7 -9.3
Machinery..................... 1,196.2 1,193.7 1,195.8 1,198.2 1,189.6 1,191.7 1,195.1 1,193.1 1,192.3 1,190.0 -2.3
Computer and electronic
products (1)................. 1,277.6 1,250.8 1,248.0 1,255.3 1,270.8 1,251.9 1,254.1 1,253.8 1,250.5 1,249.2 -1.3
Computer and peripheral
equipment................... 186.6 186.1 185.5 187.5 185.5 185.9 186.0 186.7 186.0 185.6 -.4
Communications equipment..... 128.0 130.5 131.0 133.2 127.4 128.7 129.4 130.9 131.1 132.9 1.8
Semiconductors and electronic
components.................. 450.4 426.8 424.0 424.3 446.0 429.7 428.7 426.7 423.7 421.5 -2.2
Electronic instruments....... 445.9 444.3 444.7 447.0 444.5 442.9 446.2 445.7 445.8 445.5 -.3
Electrical equipment and
appliances................... 429.0 420.7 421.5 425.6 427.1 420.8 419.9 421.5 422.1 422.9 .8
Transportation equipment (1).. 1,723.3 1,635.6 1,642.6 1,659.0 1,711.6 1,672.0 1,651.1 1,630.6 1,638.7 1,645.8 7.1
Motor vehicles and parts (2). 1,008.2 914.7 914.9 925.3 997.7 950.4 927.3 908.6 910.2 915.8 5.6
Furniture and related products 539.4 505.8 503.4 507.3 534.4 516.0 511.2 506.4 504.3 503.7 -.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing... 640.6 629.1 628.2 628.9 638.9 633.3 632.0 630.2 629.1 626.9 -2.2
Nondurable goods............... 5,108 4,945 4,962 4,990 5,074 5,005 4,992 4,985 4,977 4,960 -17
Production workers........... 3,747 3,650 3,674 3,698 3,723 3,697 3,695 3,687 3,685 3,673 -12
Food manufacturing............ 1,490.3 1,441.2 1,453.1 1,470.9 1,484.9 1,482.7 1,477.0 1,473.8 1,472.8 1,470.1 -2.7
Beverages and tobacco products 201.5 189.4 191.5 194.5 197.9 189.3 190.8 193.3 192.4 191.3 -1.1
Textile mills................. 172.0 156.3 156.1 153.2 170.5 161.4 158.7 156.4 155.1 151.9 -3.2
Textile product mills......... 159.2 153.7 153.0 150.8 158.1 153.0 153.3 152.2 151.6 149.9 -1.7
Apparel....................... 216.0 198.5 197.9 199.2 212.2 200.6 198.1 198.0 196.5 195.2 -1.3
Leather and allied products... 34.0 34.0 34.1 34.6 33.8 33.5 33.5 33.9 33.9 34.2 .3
Paper and paper products...... 462.6 456.4 457.2 460.2 460.3 457.8 457.9 458.4 458.2 457.5 -.7
Printing and related support
activities................... 627.5 610.8 608.7 605.1 624.3 614.6 614.2 611.7 607.9 602.1 -5.8
Petroleum and coal products... 117.0 111.4 115.3 117.9 114.2 112.5 112.2 112.2 113.5 114.3 .8
Chemicals..................... 868.3 859.7 861.6 868.3 863.3 861.0 860.5 861.3 862.4 862.6 .2
Plastics and rubber products.. 759.5 733.3 733.8 735.2 754.3 738.7 735.6 734.1 732.5 731.2 -1.3
Service-providing........... 116,155 116,318 116,756 116,783 115,358 116,103 116,094 116,136 116,128 116,135 7
Private service-providing.. 93,992 93,520 93,932 94,356 93,156 93,741 93,717 93,735 93,698 93,676 -22
Trade, transportation, and
utilities...................... 26,662 26,274 26,395 26,482 26,600 26,579 26,552 26,496 26,458 26,449 -9
Wholesale trade................ 6,073.5 6,029.5 6,050.8 6,070.6 6,030.0 6,057.6 6,054.3 6,043.9 6,040.0 6,037.6 -2.4
Durable goods................. 3,153.9 3,111.8 3,113.2 3,125.9 3,135.2 3,127.3 3,127.8 3,118.1 3,111.5 3,109.8 -1.7
Nondurable goods.............. 2,086.7 2,080.0 2,096.1 2,099.7 2,066.3 2,088.4 2,087.5 2,086.9 2,089.4 2,087.2 -2.2
Electronic markets and agents
and brokers.................. 832.9 837.7 841.5 845.0 828.5 841.9 839.0 838.9 839.1 840.6 1.5
Retail trade...................15,482.4 15,168.7 15,243.7 15,301.7 15,483.9 15,428.8 15,401.4 15,355.7 15,333.1 15,325.6 -7.5
Motor vehicle and parts
dealers (1).................. 1,930.5 1,897.2 1,904.0 1,903.0 1,913.9 1,905.1 1,901.5 1,897.6 1,894.1 1,889.3 -4.8
Automobile dealers........... 1,251.1 1,228.3 1,227.1 1,223.7 1,245.7 1,236.2 1,233.7 1,228.8 1,224.6 1,219.8 -4.8
Furniture and home furnishings
stores....................... 572.9 563.1 563.6 561.7 578.1 575.9 570.6 569.0 569.7 568.2 -1.5
Electronics and appliance
stores....................... 537.0 530.4 528.8 526.9 543.9 533.6 535.0 534.7 537.9 533.1 -4.8
Building material and garden
supply stores................ 1,377.3 1,268.1 1,305.1 1,295.4 1,313.7 1,258.5 1,250.8 1,240.5 1,239.1 1,235.2 -3.9
Food and beverage stores...... 2,862.6 2,858.0 2,878.1 2,896.3 2,845.3 2,885.7 2,890.1 2,882.4 2,881.1 2,881.9 .8
Health and personal care
stores....................... 989.6 985.5 987.2 995.7 987.7 993.5 993.9 993.4 992.5 993.8 1.3
Gasoline stations............. 870.8 841.5 839.4 853.8 862.2 854.2 852.6 847.4 841.1 844.6 3.5
Clothing and clothing
accessories stores........... 1,467.3 1,446.9 1,446.5 1,460.6 1,489.7 1,496.3 1,498.9 1,495.4 1,494.4 1,495.3 .9
Sporting goods, hobby, book,
and music stores............. 637.2 629.8 636.9 629.8 656.2 661.9 658.6 651.5 654.3 652.0 -2.3
General merchandise stores (1) 2,944.7 2,868.9 2,866.0 2,897.6 2,987.6 2,955.7 2,943.9 2,939.0 2,927.3 2,936.2 8.9
Department stores............ 1,544.5 1,476.1 1,465.9 1,474.9 1,581.0 1,543.3 1,534.3 1,528.1 1,514.6 1,514.0 -.6
Miscellaneous store retailers. 873.2 849.9 860.4 862.0 869.8 865.3 862.8 863.3 860.6 858.6 -2.0
Nonstore retailers............ 419.3 429.4 427.7 418.9 435.8 443.1 442.7 441.5 441.0 437.4 -3.6
Transportation and warehousing. 4,548.6 4,518.9 4,542.3 4,546.0 4,531.8 4,535.5 4,537.7 4,538.3 4,527.4 4,526.7 -.7
Air transportation............ 494.9 502.9 503.0 505.2 493.0 508.2 507.5 504.5 502.7 501.9 -.8
Rail transportation........... 234.3 233.5 234.5 234.5 233.8 233.7 233.7 233.5 233.2 233.0 -.2
Water transportation.......... 66.7 60.9 62.0 65.8 64.5 62.5 61.6 62.3 62.0 63.6 1.6
Truck transportation.......... 1,463.5 1,400.9 1,412.2 1,423.1 1,445.2 1,417.4 1,420.4 1,415.2 1,411.6 1,404.2 -7.4
Transit and ground passenger
transportation............... 401.2 432.5 431.7 413.1 405.3 413.5 412.9 418.3 412.2 416.2 4.0
Pipeline transportation....... 40.0 41.0 42.1 43.3 39.9 40.9 41.2 41.3 42.3 42.8 .5
Scenic and sightseeing
transportation............... 33.8 27.9 32.9 36.2 28.6 31.5 31.7 31.3 31.2 31.0 -.2
Support activities for
transportation............... 584.9 589.1 588.0 590.5 583.0 585.9 586.3 588.2 587.0 587.8 .8
Couriers and messengers....... 576.7 578.3 581.5 581.9 579.8 586.0 585.3 585.0 586.8 587.1 .3
Warehousing and storage....... 652.6 651.9 654.4 652.4 658.7 655.9 657.1 658.7 658.4 659.1 .7
Utilities...................... 557.9 556.5 558.3 563.5 554.5 557.0 558.2 557.7 557.5 558.8 1.3
Information..................... 3,055 3,003 3,009 3,020 3,033 3,016 3,013 3,007 3,004 3,000 -4
Publishing industries, except
Internet..................... 902.9 880.8 876.0 878.2 899.4 886.8 882.9 882.8 879.5 877.2 -2.3
Motion picture and sound
recording industries......... 397.9 379.9 388.1 396.6 384.4 380.1 383.0 382.5 382.5 382.7 .2
Broadcasting, except Internet. 327.3 320.5 321.3 320.2 326.4 322.1 322.5 320.8 321.1 319.7 -1.4
Telecommunications............ 1,027.4 1,017.0 1,018.3 1,019.9 1,027.1 1,022.0 1,020.1 1,018.0 1,018.3 1,018.5 .2
Data processing, hosting and
related services............. 272.4 274.1 274.6 273.9 270.3 274.2 272.3 272.2 272.2 272.0 -.2
Other information services.... 127.1 131.0 130.4 131.4 125.7 131.2 131.9 130.7 130.1 130.2 .1
Financial activities............ 8,383 8,206 8,227 8,278 8,317 8,231 8,231 8,229 8,226 8,216 -10
Finance and insurance.......... 6,179.1 6,099.6 6,095.9 6,110.3 6,153.0 6,102.2 6,103.4 6,103.8 6,099.7 6,089.6 -10.1
Monetary authorities - central
bank......................... 21.6 21.1 21.1 21.0 21.4 20.9 20.9 21.1 21.0 20.9 -.1
Credit intermediation and
related activities (1)....... 2,901.7 2,807.3 2,803.4 2,806.9 2,886.4 2,820.4 2,811.8 2,807.9 2,801.7 2,796.5 -5.2
Depository credit
intermediation (1).......... 1,825.3 1,820.0 1,819.8 1,824.4 1,818.2 1,823.3 1,821.6 1,822.9 1,821.2 1,820.1 -1.1
Commercial banking.......... 1,347.6 1,342.7 1,343.0 1,348.4 1,343.0 1,344.9 1,343.4 1,344.2 1,344.3 1,345.0 .7
Securities, commodity
contracts, investments....... 850.2 866.9 863.3 869.0 849.5 862.5 865.8 867.2 866.9 866.3 -.6
Insurance carriers and related
activities................... 2,317.9 2,316.7 2,321.1 2,325.7 2,308.4 2,311.1 2,318.4 2,319.7 2,322.6 2,318.1 -4.5
Funds, trusts, and other
financial vehicles........... 87.7 87.6 87.0 87.7 87.3 87.3 86.5 87.9 87.5 87.8 .3
Real estate and rental and
leasing....................... 2,204.2 2,106.4 2,130.7 2,167.9 2,163.8 2,128.6 2,127.8 2,124.9 2,126.4 2,125.9 -.5
Real estate................... 1,517.3 1,455.5 1,466.8 1,491.7 1,494.7 1,466.0 1,465.0 1,465.7 1,466.9 1,466.6 -.3
Rental and leasing services... 656.9 619.3 633.0 644.1 639.2 631.0 631.1 627.4 628.2 627.7 -.5
Lessors of nonfinancial
intangible assets............ 30.0 31.6 30.9 32.1 29.9 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.3 31.6 .3
Professional and business
services....................... 18,133 18,000 17,980 18,068 17,935 18,073 18,014 18,031 17,982 17,931 -51
Professional and technical
services(1)................... 7,640.6 7,916.9 7,774.8 7,830.5 7,645.4 7,829.2 7,823.5 7,845.6 7,840.0 7,854.8 14.8
Legal services............... 1,196.6 1,166.5 1,169.4 1,188.9 1,178.5 1,174.9 1,172.6 1,172.5 1,172.0 1,172.3 .3
Accounting and bookkeeping
services.................... 874.9 1,092.1 919.6 908.7 938.6 991.9 983.3 986.1 975.4 979.2 3.8
Architectural and engineering
services.................... 1,453.8 1,452.1 1,463.6 1,483.1 1,433.6 1,463.0 1,461.8 1,464.9 1,464.3 1,467.3 3.0
Computer systems design and
related services............ 1,361.7 1,400.1 1,406.2 1,417.9 1,358.3 1,393.5 1,391.3 1,403.9 1,408.7 1,414.4 5.7
Management and technical
consulting services......... 949.3 997.1 1,005.6 1,012.5 945.4 992.7 997.0 1,001.3 1,006.1 1,013.1 7.0
Management of companies and
enterprises................... 1,855.8 1,828.4 1,832.9 1,849.1 1,842.6 1,844.7 1,839.7 1,841.0 1,840.9 1,844.6 3.7
Administrative and waste
services...................... 8,636.2 8,254.7 8,372.6 8,388.3 8,446.8 8,398.6 8,351.2 8,344.4 8,301.2 8,231.6 -69.6
Administrative and support
services (1)................. 8,273.6 7,891.6 8,005.5 8,014.9 8,090.8 8,036.1 7,987.3 7,978.9 7,934.7 7,864.5 -70.2
Employment services (1)...... 3,646.2 3,380.1 3,398.8 3,386.0 3,602.5 3,531.6 3,483.7 3,462.2 3,421.2 3,362.3 -58.9
Temporary help services..... 2,633.6 2,419.3 2,436.5 2,439.2 2,603.3 2,536.8 2,506.0 2,487.1 2,455.2 2,424.8 -30.4
Business support services.... 802.3 795.2 790.9 779.0 804.1 796.6 794.1 792.8 788.0 784.0 -4.0
Services to buildings and
dwellings................... 1,977.1 1,859.9 1,950.3 1,993.9 1,851.4 1,859.7 1,857.3 1,864.6 1,867.7 1,870.6 2.9
Waste management and
remediation services......... 362.6 363.1 367.1 373.4 356.0 362.5 363.9 365.5 366.5 367.1 .6
Education and health services... 18,137 18,924 18,867 18,633 18,314 18,665 18,709 18,757 18,801 18,830 29
Educational services........... 2,733.7 3,192.1 3,079.5 2,823.9 2,952.9 3,009.6 3,018.6 3,030.5 3,037.7 3,053.0 15.3
Health care and social
assistance....................15,403.5 15,731.5 15,787.2 15,808.7 15,361.4 15,655.0 15,690.5 15,726.1 15,763.5 15,777.2 13.7
Health care (3)...............12,966.0 13,213.1 13,254.6 13,308.6 12,930.8 13,172.7 13,202.3 13,236.3 13,264.7 13,279.2 14.5
Ambulatory health care
services(1)................. 5,472.4 5,627.9 5,643.9 5,668.4 5,462.1 5,600.0 5,612.5 5,632.8 5,643.6 5,656.8 13.2
Offices of physicians....... 2,199.1 2,254.4 2,261.9 2,272.9 2,194.8 2,248.2 2,251.7 2,259.6 2,265.4 2,271.7 6.3
Outpatient care centers..... 506.4 515.9 516.3 516.6 505.2 512.0 511.9 514.9 515.8 516.5 .7
Home health care services... 912.3 944.6 947.7 954.4 911.7 939.5 943.3 946.1 947.9 951.0 3.1
Hospitals.................... 4,526.8 4,602.1 4,623.9 4,646.2 4,513.4 4,592.8 4,606.4 4,616.2 4,632.8 4,635.9 3.1
Nursing and residential care
facilities (1).............. 2,966.8 2,983.1 2,986.8 2,994.0 2,955.3 2,979.9 2,983.4 2,987.3 2,988.3 2,986.5 -1.8
Nursing care facilities..... 1,601.7 1,607.2 1,610.2 1,611.4 1,597.6 1,613.3 1,609.6 1,610.7 1,611.0 1,608.8 -2.2
Social assistance (1)......... 2,437.5 2,518.4 2,532.6 2,500.1 2,430.6 2,482.3 2,488.2 2,489.8 2,498.8 2,498.0 -.8
Child day care services...... 845.8 878.2 885.2 849.3 849.1 858.6 861.8 858.1 862.6 856.6 -6.0
Leisure and hospitality......... 14,049 13,581 13,902 14,272 13,461 13,660 13,676 13,690 13,699 13,723 24
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation.................... 2,232.0 1,971.0 2,093.5 2,275.3 1,975.0 2,019.1 2,025.7 2,021.1 2,020.4 2,023.0 2.6
Performing arts and spectator
sports....................... 433.7 441.3 458.7 469.9 412.1 431.0 433.9 436.4 439.4 443.3 3.9
Museums, historical sites,
zoos, and parks.............. 142.8 129.8 137.9 142.9 130.6 131.7 133.4 132.6 133.7 132.3 -1.4
Amusements, gambling, and
recreation................... 1,655.5 1,399.9 1,496.9 1,662.5 1,432.3 1,456.4 1,458.4 1,452.1 1,447.3 1,447.4 .1
Accommodation and food services11,817.4 11,610.4 11,808.6 11,996.3 11,486.1 11,640.7 11,650.7 11,668.7 11,678.3 11,699.7 21.4
Accommodation................. 1,941.4 1,804.8 1,850.3 1,935.3 1,853.2 1,854.4 1,849.4 1,853.0 1,850.4 1,855.4 5.0
Food services and drinking
places....................... 9,876.0 9,805.6 9,958.3 10,061.0 9,632.9 9,786.3 9,801.3 9,815.7 9,827.9 9,844.3 16.4
Other services.................. 5,573 5,532 5,552 5,603 5,496 5,517 5,522 5,525 5,528 5,527 -1
Repair and maintenance........ 1,275.4 1,261.2 1,260.6 1,260.3 1,261.3 1,255.2 1,254.8 1,254.0 1,253.1 1,247.7 -5.4
Personal and laundry services. 1,323.4 1,316.9 1,327.0 1,331.7 1,304.3 1,306.4 1,308.5 1,309.9 1,310.3 1,312.4 2.1
Membership associations and
organizations................ 2,973.8 2,953.6 2,964.5 3,011.1 2,930.8 2,955.6 2,959.0 2,961.4 2,964.9 2,966.8 1.9
Government...................... 22,163 22,798 22,824 22,427 22,202 22,362 22,377 22,401 22,430 22,459 29
Federal........................ 2,738 2,725 2,742 2,760 2,720 2,725 2,726 2,734 2,741 2,745 4
Federal, except U.S. Postal
Service...................... 1,977.9 1,989.3 2,011.6 2,034.3 1,957.0 1,982.9 1,986.6 1,996.0 2,007.5 2,014.3 6.8
U.S. Postal Service........... 760.3 735.3 730.6 725.3 762.5 741.6 739.1 737.9 733.3 731.0 -2.3
State government............... 4,920 5,310 5,214 4,997 5,126 5,158 5,157 5,170 5,171 5,186 15
State government education.... 2,092.9 2,487.8 2,382.4 2,135.2 2,319.7 2,332.9 2,332.9 2,340.8 2,342.5 2,349.4 6.9
State government, excluding
education.................... 2,827.2 2,822.5 2,831.4 2,862.2 2,806.2 2,824.9 2,823.8 2,829.1 2,828.9 2,836.2 7.3
Local government............... 14,505 14,763 14,868 14,670 14,356 14,479 14,494 14,497 14,518 14,528 10
Local government education.... 7,951.6 8,369.4 8,396.9 8,019.9 7,973.7 8,031.9 8,035.7 8,032.1 8,044.3 8,044.1 -.2
Local government, excluding
education.................... 6,553.8 6,393.8 6,470.7 6,649.9 6,382.4 6,447.5 6,457.8 6,465.0 6,473.8 6,483.6 9.8
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the
basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.
htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector
and selected industry detail
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p May 2008-
June 2008p
Total private......................... 34.0 33.5 33.6 34.1 33.9 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 0.0
Goods-producing........................... 41.0 40.2 40.2 40.6 40.7 40.4 40.5 40.4 40.2 40.3 .1
Natural resources and mining.................. 46.3 44.6 44.4 45.4 46.0 45.7 46.2 44.9 44.8 45.0 .2
Construction.................................. 39.7 38.4 38.6 39.4 39.1 38.7 38.9 38.9 38.6 38.8 .2
Manufacturing................................. 41.5 41.0 40.8 41.1 41.4 41.1 41.2 41.0 40.9 40.8 -.1
Overtime hours............................. 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 .0
Durable goods................................ 41.9 41.3 41.1 41.4 41.6 41.4 41.5 41.3 41.2 41.1 -.1
Overtime hours............................. 4.5 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 .0
Wood products............................... 40.4 38.6 39.1 39.7 39.7 39.0 38.7 38.8 39.0 39.0 .0
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 43.0 42.2 42.5 41.7 42.4 42.1 43.1 42.2 42.1 41.1 -1.0
Primary metals.............................. 43.3 42.2 42.0 43.0 43.3 42.4 42.9 42.4 42.2 42.6 .4
Fabricated metal products................... 41.7 41.6 41.4 41.2 41.6 41.7 41.7 41.6 41.4 41.1 -.3
Machinery................................... 42.6 42.6 42.2 42.2 42.6 43.0 42.7 42.5 42.2 42.1 -.1
Computer and electronic products............ 40.7 40.9 40.9 41.5 40.5 40.5 41.0 41.1 41.0 41.2 .2
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 41.5 41.0 40.8 41.3 41.6 41.1 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.1 .0
Transportation equipment.................... 43.6 42.5 41.9 42.3 43.4 42.9 42.3 42.3 42.0 42.0 .0
Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 43.4 42.1 41.6 42.1 42.9 42.5 41.8 41.9 41.6 41.7 .1
Furniture and related products.............. 39.5 38.3 38.5 39.0 39.1 38.2 38.7 38.7 38.9 38.9 .0
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 39.4 39.2 39.0 39.1 39.1 38.8 39.3 39.3 39.2 39.0 -.2
Nondurable goods............................. 40.9 40.4 40.3 40.6 40.9 40.6 40.7 40.5 40.5 40.4 -.1
Overtime hours............................. 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 .0
Food manufacturing.......................... 40.5 40.4 40.7 40.7 40.6 40.6 40.7 40.8 40.8 40.7 -.1
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 41.7 39.9 40.3 39.2 40.9 40.1 40.4 39.6 39.8 38.7 -1.1
Textile mills............................... 40.6 38.3 38.7 39.4 40.5 38.8 38.8 38.4 38.9 39.0 .1
Textile product mills....................... 40.7 38.2 38.2 39.8 40.4 39.3 39.3 38.3 38.7 39.1 .4
Apparel..................................... 38.0 36.8 36.2 36.3 37.8 36.8 36.7 36.6 36.1 36.1 .0
Leather and allied products................. 38.2 38.9 38.5 38.6 38.0 38.2 38.7 38.6 38.5 38.4 -.1
Paper and paper products.................... 43.1 43.2 42.1 42.9 43.0 43.9 43.6 43.3 42.6 43.0 .4
Printing and related support activities..... 38.8 38.5 38.2 37.5 39.1 38.2 38.6 38.5 38.4 37.9 -.5
Petroleum and coal products................. 44.8 42.9 44.1 44.8 44.4 43.6 43.5 43.2 44.0 44.0 .0
Chemicals................................... 41.9 41.3 40.9 41.6 42.0 41.4 41.9 41.3 41.2 41.4 .2
Plastics and rubber products................ 41.7 41.0 41.0 41.6 41.5 41.2 41.1 41.0 41.0 41.1 .1
Private service-providing................ 32.5 32.2 32.2 32.8 32.5 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 .0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.5 33.1 33.1 33.8 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.3 33.3 .0
Wholesale trade.............................. 38.3 38.2 38.2 38.8 38.3 38.2 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.2 -.1
Retail trade................................. 30.4 29.9 30.0 30.5 30.2 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.1 30.1 .0
Transportation and warehousing............... 37.0 36.3 36.3 37.4 36.9 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.5 36.8 .3
Utilities.................................... 42.6 42.7 42.3 42.7 42.5 42.8 43.3 42.6 42.5 42.6 .1
Information................................... 36.2 36.2 36.2 37.2 36.3 36.2 36.6 36.5 36.6 36.6 .0
Financial activities.......................... 35.8 35.7 35.7 36.6 36.0 35.8 35.8 35.9 36.0 36.0 .0
Professional and business services............ 34.9 34.8 34.8 35.4 34.8 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 .0
Education and health services................. 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.6 -.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.9 25.2 25.3 26.1 25.6 25.3 25.3 25.4 25.4 25.4 .0
Other services................................ 31.0 30.7 30.7 31.1 30.9 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.7 -.1
1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the
basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.
htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry June Apr. May June June Apr. May June
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008p 2008p
Total private........................... $17.32 $17.91 $17.90 $17.98 $588.88 $599.99 $601.44 $613.12
Seasonally adjusted.................... 17.41 17.89 17.95 18.01 590.20 604.68 604.92 606.94
Goods-producing............................. 18.70 19.06 19.13 19.25 766.70 766.21 769.03 781.55
Natural resources and mining.................... 20.80 21.77 21.51 21.77 963.04 970.94 955.04 988.36
Construction.................................... 20.92 21.48 21.59 21.65 830.52 824.83 833.37 853.01
Manufacturing................................... 17.28 17.63 17.64 17.73 717.12 722.83 719.71 728.70
Durable goods.................................. 18.23 18.56 18.58 18.70 763.84 766.53 763.64 774.18
Wood products................................. 13.71 13.96 14.08 14.11 553.88 538.86 550.53 560.17
Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 17.15 17.12 16.89 17.09 737.45 722.46 717.83 712.65
Primary metals................................ 19.70 20.20 20.23 20.15 853.01 852.44 849.66 866.45
Fabricated metal products..................... 16.46 16.81 16.84 16.96 686.38 699.30 697.18 698.75
Machinery..................................... 17.60 17.88 18.00 17.91 749.76 761.69 759.60 755.80
Computer and electronic products.............. 19.96 20.90 21.06 21.16 812.37 854.81 861.35 878.14
Electrical equipment and appliances........... 16.10 15.76 15.71 15.77 668.15 646.16 640.97 651.30
Transportation equipment...................... 23.17 23.52 23.53 23.77 1010.21 999.60 985.91 1005.47
Furniture and related products................ 14.40 14.45 14.46 14.50 568.80 553.44 556.71 565.50
Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 14.74 14.97 14.97 15.16 580.76 586.82 583.83 592.76
Nondurable goods............................... 15.64 16.03 16.04 16.10 639.68 647.61 646.41 653.66
Food manufacturing............................ 13.52 13.86 13.89 13.93 547.56 559.94 565.32 566.95
Beverages and tobacco products................ 18.20 19.26 19.24 18.73 758.94 768.47 775.37 734.22
Textile mills................................. 12.98 13.45 13.50 13.57 526.99 515.14 522.45 534.66
Textile product mills......................... 11.83 11.78 11.85 11.99 481.48 450.00 452.67 477.20
Apparel....................................... 10.96 11.51 11.42 11.42 416.48 423.57 413.40 414.55
Leather and allied products................... 11.98 12.63 13.05 12.80 457.64 491.31 502.43 494.08
Paper and paper products...................... 18.47 18.58 18.70 18.79 796.06 802.66 787.27 806.09
Printing and related support activities....... 16.00 16.64 16.65 16.90 620.80 640.64 636.03 633.75
Petroleum and coal products................... 24.54 27.12 26.99 26.91 1099.39 1163.45 1190.26 1205.57
Chemicals..................................... 19.62 19.39 19.37 19.40 822.08 800.81 792.23 807.04
Plastics and rubber products.................. 15.40 15.77 15.72 15.73 642.18 646.57 644.52 654.37
Private service-providing.................. 16.96 17.62 17.59 17.66 551.20 567.36 566.40 579.25
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.74 16.16 16.14 16.20 527.29 534.90 534.23 547.56
Wholesale trade................................ 19.44 20.01 19.92 20.04 744.55 764.38 760.94 777.55
Retail trade................................... 12.75 12.90 12.90 12.87 387.60 385.71 387.00 392.54
Transportation and warehousing................. 17.74 18.28 18.35 18.55 656.38 663.56 666.11 693.77
Utilities...................................... 27.47 28.69 28.84 28.92 1170.22 1225.06 1219.93 1234.88
Information..................................... 23.71 24.52 24.62 24.69 858.30 887.62 891.24 918.47
Financial activities............................ 19.53 20.22 20.20 20.22 699.17 721.85 721.14 740.05
Professional and business services.............. 19.96 20.84 20.81 21.18 696.60 725.23 724.19 749.77
Education and health services................... 18.02 18.63 18.63 18.69 585.65 603.61 605.48 611.16
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.30 10.80 10.83 10.79 266.77 272.16 274.00 281.62
Other services.................................. 15.36 15.82 15.85 15.86 476.16 485.67 486.60 493.25
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the
basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.
htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June change from:
2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p May 2008-
June 2008p
Total private:
Current dollars........................ $17.41 $17.81 $17.87 $17.89 $17.95 $18.01 0.3
Constant (1982) dollars (2)............ 8.32 8.29 8.28 8.27 8.24 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............................. 18.68 19.04 19.12 19.12 19.17 19.24 .4
Natural resources and mining.................... 20.89 21.69 22.01 21.61 21.64 21.88 1.1
Construction.................................... 20.94 21.47 21.56 21.60 21.69 21.72 .1
Manufacturing................................... 17.28 17.55 17.61 17.62 17.66 17.73 .4
Excluding overtime (4)....................... 16.43 16.74 16.79 16.80 16.86 16.92 .4
Durable goods.................................. 18.23 18.49 18.54 18.58 18.61 18.69 .4
Nondurable goods............................... 15.65 15.94 16.03 15.99 16.05 16.12 .4
Private service-providing.................. 17.08 17.50 17.55 17.58 17.64 17.71 .4
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.77 16.07 16.11 16.11 16.17 16.18 .1
Wholesale trade................................ 19.55 20.00 20.03 20.05 20.06 20.09 .1
Retail trade................................... 12.75 12.84 12.86 12.85 12.89 12.87 -.2
Transportation and warehousing................. 17.73 18.21 18.25 18.33 18.42 18.49 .4
Utilities...................................... 27.75 28.58 28.77 28.56 28.87 29.08 .7
Information..................................... 23.94 24.41 24.53 24.50 24.66 24.71 .2
Financial activities............................ 19.67 20.05 20.11 20.16 20.22 20.23 .0
Professional and business services.............. 20.11 20.63 20.74 20.84 20.90 21.11 1.0
Education and health services................... 18.06 18.59 18.61 18.64 18.70 18.75 .3
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.39 10.73 10.74 10.79 10.83 10.88 .5
Other services.................................. 15.40 15.76 15.77 15.79 15.82 15.86 .3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.
3 Change was -.4 percent from Apr. 2008 to May 2008, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See
http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June change from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p May 2008-
June 2008p
Total private......................... 109.1 106.1 107.1 109.4 107.6 107.3 107.6 107.5 107.1 107.0 -0.1
Goods-producing........................... 105.0 96.9 98.2 100.3 102.3 99.6 99.5 98.6 97.8 97.7 -.1
Natural resources and mining.................. 137.0 131.5 133.3 140.2 133.7 135.8 138.5 134.6 135.0 137.0 1.5
Construction.................................. 122.1 105.0 108.8 113.5 115.9 110.3 110.4 109.3 107.7 107.5 -.2
Manufacturing................................. 95.8 91.8 91.6 92.8 94.8 93.2 93.1 92.2 91.9 91.4 -.5
Durable goods................................ 99.4 94.8 94.4 95.5 97.8 96.1 95.9 94.8 94.4 94.0 -.4
Wood products............................... 94.8 81.9 82.4 84.3 91.2 84.9 83.3 83.2 81.9 81.3 -.7
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 102.1 94.9 96.6 96.0 98.1 95.7 97.7 95.6 94.6 92.3 -2.4
Primary metals.............................. 92.5 90.3 89.0 91.4 92.1 89.9 91.3 90.3 89.3 90.1 .9
Fabricated metal products................... 105.4 103.3 102.9 102.2 104.5 104.6 104.5 103.3 103.0 101.4 -1.6
Machinery................................... 104.0 104.1 103.3 103.6 103.4 105.4 104.5 103.9 103.0 102.5 -.5
Computer and electronic products............ 102.6 102.6 102.2 103.8 101.6 101.8 102.9 103.1 102.4 102.3 -.1
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 89.7 87.8 87.7 89.9 89.5 87.8 88.4 88.3 88.6 88.9 .3
Transportation equipment.................... 100.5 92.4 91.4 93.4 99.1 95.9 93.2 91.5 91.4 91.9 .5
Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 89.3 77.8 76.8 78.8 87.2 82.0 78.6 76.6 76.4 77.1 .9
Furniture and related products.............. 88.6 79.5 79.2 80.8 86.6 80.9 81.1 80.3 80.2 79.9 -.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 92.5 90.0 89.5 90.1 91.5 89.5 90.8 90.3 90.0 89.3 -.8
Nondurable goods............................. 90.3 86.9 87.2 88.5 89.7 88.4 88.6 88.0 87.9 87.4 -.6
Food manufacturing.......................... 101.0 97.6 99.3 100.4 101.1 101.1 101.3 101.2 101.1 100.6 -.5
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 108.3 86.3 92.1 93.8 104.2 87.1 90.4 89.0 91.0 89.6 -1.5
Textile mills............................... 57.2 49.5 50.1 49.6 56.6 51.6 51.0 49.5 49.6 48.8 -1.6
Textile product mills....................... 80.1 73.1 73.1 74.9 79.0 73.5 74.3 72.4 73.0 72.9 -.1
Apparel..................................... 63.3 56.7 55.7 56.8 61.6 57.8 56.4 56.4 55.2 55.1 -.2
Leather and allied products................. 69.7 72.2 73.5 74.5 68.8 70.4 70.5 71.9 72.3 73.6 1.8
Paper and paper products.................... 86.6 86.1 83.9 86.2 85.8 87.4 87.0 86.8 85.2 85.7 .6
Printing and related support activities..... 91.0 89.1 88.3 85.7 91.4 89.1 90.1 89.2 88.4 86.1 -2.6
Petroleum and coal products................. 99.8 93.5 98.7 104.3 96.0 98.2 96.6 95.7 97.7 98.7 1.0
Chemicals................................... 94.4 96.0 95.7 98.4 93.9 95.5 97.1 95.9 96.3 96.8 .5
Plastics and rubber products................ 92.1 87.9 88.0 89.6 91.0 89.1 88.5 88.0 87.9 88.0 .1
Private service-providing................. 110.2 108.8 109.3 112.0 109.1 109.3 109.7 109.8 109.7 109.7 .0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 105.3 102.9 103.5 106.0 104.8 104.8 105.0 104.8 104.4 104.3 -.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 110.4 110.1 110.6 112.6 109.5 110.6 111.3 110.7 110.6 110.2 -.4
Retail trade................................. 102.2 98.4 99.3 101.5 101.6 100.9 101.1 100.8 100.4 100.3 -.1
Transportation and warehousing............... 109.8 107.9 108.6 111.8 109.0 109.5 109.5 109.5 108.8 109.4 .6
Utilities.................................... 97.5 97.7 97.2 99.4 96.6 97.7 99.2 97.8 97.6 98.3 .7
Information................................... 100.1 99.1 99.5 102.6 99.6 99.6 100.5 100.0 100.3 100.0 -.3
Financial activities.......................... 109.6 107.7 108.0 111.7 109.2 108.2 108.3 108.7 108.9 108.8 -.1
Professional and business services............ 116.9 115.7 115.6 118.3 115.3 115.5 115.7 116.1 115.6 115.3 -.3
Education and health services................. 111.2 115.7 115.7 115.1 112.6 114.8 115.4 115.4 116.0 115.8 -.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 118.3 110.9 114.1 121.0 111.7 111.8 111.9 112.6 112.6 112.8 .2
Other services................................ 101.3 99.4 99.9 102.1 99.3 99.5 99.9 99.6 99.6 99.3 -.3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours
by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average
weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis
for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.
htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June change from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p May 2008-
June 2008p
Total private......................... 126.3 127.0 128.1 131.4 125.1 127.7 128.4 128.5 128.4 128.8 0.3
Goods-producing........................... 120.2 113.1 115.0 118.3 117.0 116.1 116.5 115.5 114.9 115.1 .2
Natural resources and mining.................. 165.8 166.5 166.8 177.5 162.5 171.2 177.2 169.1 169.9 174.4 2.6
Construction.................................. 137.9 121.8 126.8 132.6 131.0 127.9 128.5 127.5 126.2 126.1 -.1
Manufacturing................................. 108.3 105.9 105.7 107.6 107.2 107.0 107.2 106.3 106.1 106.0 -.1
Durable goods................................ 113.1 109.9 109.5 111.5 111.3 111.0 111.0 110.0 109.7 109.7 .0
Nondurable goods............................. 99.8 98.4 98.9 100.6 99.2 99.6 100.4 99.4 99.7 99.6 -.1
Private service-providing................. 128.2 131.4 131.9 135.6 127.8 131.2 132.0 132.3 132.7 133.2 .4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 118.3 118.6 119.1 122.5 117.9 120.1 120.7 120.5 120.4 120.4 .0
Wholesale trade.............................. 126.4 129.8 129.8 132.9 126.1 130.3 131.3 130.8 130.8 130.4 -.3
Retail trade................................. 111.6 108.8 109.8 112.0 111.0 111.0 111.4 111.1 110.9 110.7 -.2
Transportation and warehousing............... 123.5 125.1 126.4 131.6 122.6 126.4 126.8 127.4 127.1 128.4 1.0
Utilities.................................... 111.8 116.9 116.9 120.0 111.9 116.5 119.1 116.6 117.6 119.3 1.4
Information................................... 117.5 120.3 121.2 125.4 118.0 120.3 122.1 121.3 122.4 122.4 .0
Financial activities.......................... 132.4 134.7 134.9 139.6 132.8 134.1 134.6 135.5 136.1 136.1 .0
Professional and business services............ 138.9 143.5 143.1 149.1 137.9 141.8 142.8 143.9 143.7 144.8 .8
Education and health services................. 131.7 141.7 141.7 141.4 133.6 140.3 141.2 141.4 142.6 142.7 .1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 138.3 136.0 140.3 148.3 131.8 136.2 136.5 138.0 138.5 139.4 .6
Other services................................ 113.3 114.6 115.4 118.0 111.4 114.2 114.8 114.6 114.9 114.7 -.2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate
payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of
average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis
for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.
htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2004 .............. 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8
2005 .............. 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7
2006 .............. 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0
2007 .............. 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5
2008 .............. 45.4 41.4 47.4 45.6 p45.6 p46.9
Over 3-month span:
2004 .............. 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6
2005 .............. 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3
2006 .............. 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4
2007 .............. 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4
2008 .............. 46.7 42.7 42.3 44.0 p42.3 p41.6
Over 6-month span:
2004 .............. 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0
2005 .............. 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0
2006 .............. 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0
2007 .............. 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8
2008 .............. 51.5 49.8 44.7 46.5 p43.2 p40.9
Over 12-month span:
2004 .............. 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8
2005 .............. 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7
2006 .............. 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5
2007 .............. 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7
2008 .............. 53.8 54.6 52.6 50.4 p47.3 p47.4
Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2004 .............. 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9
2005 .............. 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0
2006 .............. 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3
2007 .............. 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3
2008 .............. 40.5 28.6 38.1 35.1 p41.7 p33.3
Over 3-month span:
2004 .............. 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7
2005 .............. 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4
2006 .............. 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5
2007 .............. 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7
2008 .............. 35.7 27.4 26.8 29.2 p27.4 p31.0
Over 6-month span:
2004 .............. 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7
2005 .............. 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3
2006 .............. 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8
2007 .............. 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7
2008 .............. 34.5 33.9 32.1 28.0 p23.8 p21.4
Over 12-month span:
2004 .............. 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6
2005 .............. 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1
2006 .............. 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0
2007 .............. 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9
2008 .............. 29.8 29.8 29.8 24.4 p26.2 p26.8
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for
the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for
more details.
United States Department of Labor
