Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	       USDL-23-1498
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, July 7, 2023

Technical information: 
 Household data:     (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	     (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                     THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JUNE 2023


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 209,000 in June, and the unemployment 
rate changed little at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. 
Employment continued to trend up in government, health care, social assistance, and 
construction.
 
This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey 
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. 
The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. 
For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two 
surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.6 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 6.0 
million, changed little in June. The unemployment rate has ranged from 3.4 percent to 3.7
percent since March 2022. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Whites declined to 3.1 percent 
in June. The jobless rates for adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), 
teenagers (11.0 percent), Blacks (6.0 percent), Asians (3.2 percent), and Hispanics 
(4.3 percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.1 million, 
changed little in June and accounted for 18.5 percent of the total unemployed. 
(See table A-12.)

In June, the labor force participation rate was 62.6 percent for the fourth consecutive 
month, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.3 percent, was unchanged over the month.
(See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons increased by 452,000 to 
4.2 million in June, partially reflecting an increase in the number of persons whose 
hours were cut due to slack work or business conditions. Persons employed part time 
for economic reasons are individuals who would have preferred full-time employment but
were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to 
find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.4 million 
in June, little changed from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as 
unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding 
the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally 
attached to the labor force was little changed at 1.4 million in June. These individuals
wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12
months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of 
discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were 
available for them, decreased by 112,000 to 310,000 in June. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 209,000 in June, as employment in 
government, health care, social assistance, and construction continued to trend up.
Nonfarm employment has grown by an average of 278,000 per month over the first 6 months 
of 2023, lower than the average of 399,000 per month in 2022. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in government increased by 60,000 in June. Employment continued to trend up
in state government (+27,000) and local government (+32,000). Overall, government has 
added an average of 63,000 jobs per month thus far in 2023, more than twice the average 
of 23,000 per month in 2022. However, government employment is below its pre-pandemic 
February 2020 level by 161,000, or 0.7 percent.

Health care added 41,000 jobs in June. Job growth occurred in hospitals (+15,000),
nursing and residential care facilities (+12,000), and home health care services 
(+9,000). Offices of dentists lost 7,000 jobs. Health care has added an average of 
42,000 jobs per month thus far this year, similar to the average gain of 46,000 per
month in 2022. 

Social assistance added 24,000 jobs in June, mostly in individual and family services
(+18,000). Job growth in social assistance has averaged 22,000 per month thus far in 
2023, in line with the average of 19,000 per month in 2022.

Employment in construction continued to trend up in June (+23,000). Employment in the 
industry has increased by an average of 15,000 per month thus far this year, compared 
with an average of 22,000 per month in 2022. In June, employment in residential specialty
trade contractors continued to trend up (+10,000).

Employment in professional and business services changed little in June (+21,000). 
Monthly job growth in the industry has averaged 40,000 thus far in 2023, down from 
62,000 per month in 2022. Employment in professional, scientific, and technical 
services continued to trend up over the month (+23,000). 

In June, employment in leisure and hospitality was little changed (+21,000). This 
marks the third consecutive month of little employment change for this industry. 
Employment in the industry remains below its February 2020 level by 369,000, or 2.2 
percent. 

Retail trade employment changed little in June (-11,000). Employment continued to 
decline in building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers (-10,000) and 
in furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers (-5,000). Motor
vehicle and parts dealers added 6,000 jobs. Overall, employment in retail trade has 
shown little net change over the year. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in June (-7,000) and has
shown no clear trend in recent months. Over the month, employment edged down in couriers 
and messengers (-7,000) and in warehousing and storage (-7,000), while air transportation 
added 3,000 jobs.   

Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including 
mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; information; 
financial activities; and other services. 

In June, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by
12 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $33.58. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings 
have increased by 4.4 percent. In June, average hourly earnings of private-sector production
and nonsupervisory employees rose by 11 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $28.83. 
(See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 
34.4 hours in June. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.1 hours, and 
overtime was unchanged at 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 
employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for April was revised down by 77,000, from
+294,000 to +217,000, and the change for May was revised down by 33,000, from +339,000 to 
+306,000. With these revisions, employment in April and May combined is 110,000 lower than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from 
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the 
recalculation of seasonal factors.)

____________
The Employment Situation for July is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 4, 2023, 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|	2023 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data                |
|                       to be released on August 23, 2023		                |
|											|
| Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts | 
| of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month 	|
| of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records	|
| that nearly all employers are required to file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on August 23, 2023,| 
| the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the preliminary estimate of the 	|
| upcoming annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey data. This is the same | 
| day that the first-quarter 2023 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark 	|
| revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private  |
| employment, will be available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.	        |
|											|
| The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2024  |
| Employment Situation news release in February 2024.					|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023	Change from: May 2023- June 2023
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	263,835	266,443	266,618	266,801	183
Civilian labor force	164,002	166,688	166,818	166,951	133
Participation rate	62.2	62.6	62.6	62.6	0.0
Employed	158,057	161,031	160,721	160,994	273
Employment-population ratio	59.9	60.4	60.3	60.3	0.0
Unemployed	5,945	5,657	6,097	5,957	-140
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.4	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Not in labor force	99,833	99,755	99,800	99,850	50
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.6	3.4	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	11.0	9.2	10.3	11.0	0.7
White	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Black or African American	5.9	4.7	5.6	6.0	0.4
Asian	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.2	0.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.3	4.4	4.0	4.3	0.3
Total, 25 years and over	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	0.0
Less than a high school diploma	5.7	5.4	5.7	6.0	0.3
High school graduates, no college	3.6	3.9	3.9	3.9	0.0
Some college or associate degree	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,633	2,642	2,960	2,900	-60
Job leavers	833	790	765	794	29
Reentrants	1,979	1,761	1,821	1,745	-76
New entrants	466	531	508	558	50
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,259	1,866	2,083	2,068	-15
5 to 14 weeks	1,576	1,915	1,865	1,889	24
15 to 26 weeks	777	679	858	917	59
27 weeks and over	1,337	1,156	1,188	1,105	-83
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	3,631	3,903	3,739	4,191	452
Slack work or business conditions	2,380	2,760	2,582	2,890	308
Could only find part-time work	910	817	824	948	124
Part time for noneconomic reasons	20,655	21,796	21,864	21,267	-597
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,506	1,480	1,508	1,435	-73
Discouraged workers	369	364	422	310	-112
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	370	217	306	209
Total private	382	179	259	149
Goods-producing	50	25	23	29
Mining and logging	7	5	3	-1
Construction	13	11	23	23
Manufacturing	30	9	-3	7
Durable goods(1)	11	13	4	15
Motor vehicles and parts	4.9	9.0	6.2	4.3
Nondurable goods	19	-4	-7	-8
Private service-providing	332	154	236	120
Wholesale trade	5.2	-1.5	4.2	-3.6
Retail trade	14.1	-2.0	23.0	-11.2
Transportation and warehousing	17.0	-15.1	16.9	-6.9
Utilities	0.4	1.7	0.9	-0.3
Information	22	3	0	0
Financial activities	3	27	12	10
Professional and business services(1)	89	48	61	21
Temporary help services	-6.9	-20.5	3.0	-12.6
Private education and health services(1)	96	77	80	73
Health care and social assistance	80.2	67.0	64.8	65.2
Leisure and hospitality	75	11	26	21
Other services	10	5	12	17
Government	-12	38	47	60
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	329	227	247	244
Total private	317	176	198	196
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.9
Total private women employees	48.3	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.5	81.4	81.4	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.6	34.4	34.3	34.4
Average hourly earnings	$32.18	$33.34	$33.46	$33.58
Average weekly earnings	$1,113.43	$1,146.90	$1,147.68	$1,155.15
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	113.2	114.9	114.8	115.3
Over-the-month percent change	0.4	0.1	-0.1	0.4
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	174.1	183.2	183.7	185.1
Over-the-month percent change	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.8
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	69.2	58.4	61.2	58.0
Manufacturing (72 industries)	62.5	47.2	50.7	56.3
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 666,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	263,835	266,618	266,801	263,835	266,112	266,272	266,443	266,618	266,801
Civilian labor force	165,012	166,702	167,910	164,002	166,251	166,731	166,688	166,818	166,951
Participation rate	62.5	62.5	62.9	62.2	62.5	62.6	62.6	62.6	62.6
Employed	158,678	161,002	161,559	158,057	160,315	160,892	161,031	160,721	160,994
Employment-population ratio	60.1	60.4	60.6	59.9	60.2	60.4	60.4	60.3	60.3
Unemployed	6,334	5,700	6,351	5,945	5,936	5,839	5,657	6,097	5,957
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6
Not in labor force	98,822	99,916	98,891	99,833	99,861	99,541	99,755	99,800	99,850
Persons who currently want a job	6,100	6,004	5,846	5,653	5,103	4,925	5,271	5,477	5,389
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,547	130,319	130,408	128,547	130,072	130,150	130,234	130,319	130,408
Civilian labor force	87,924	88,701	89,503	87,199	88,474	88,999	88,686	88,704	88,836
Participation rate	68.4	68.1	68.6	67.8	68.0	68.4	68.1	68.1	68.1
Employed	84,690	85,626	86,140	84,026	85,266	85,776	85,611	85,410	85,547
Employment-population ratio	65.9	65.7	66.1	65.4	65.6	65.9	65.7	65.5	65.6
Unemployed	3,234	3,075	3,363	3,173	3,208	3,223	3,075	3,294	3,289
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.7
Not in labor force	40,624	41,618	40,905	41,348	41,597	41,151	41,548	41,616	41,572
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	119,899	121,565	121,646	119,899	121,346	121,415	121,488	121,565	121,646
Civilian labor force	84,178	85,576	85,895	84,029	85,210	85,696	85,439	85,487	85,774
Participation rate	70.2	70.4	70.6	70.1	70.2	70.6	70.3	70.3	70.5
Employed	81,432	82,810	83,068	81,210	82,407	82,816	82,661	82,526	82,868
Employment-population ratio	67.9	68.1	68.3	67.7	67.9	68.2	68.0	67.9	68.1
Unemployed	2,746	2,765	2,827	2,818	2,803	2,880	2,778	2,961	2,906
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4
Not in labor force	35,721	35,989	35,750	35,870	36,136	35,718	36,049	36,078	35,871
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	135,287	136,299	136,393	135,287	136,040	136,122	136,209	136,299	136,393
Civilian labor force	77,089	78,001	78,407	76,803	77,777	77,732	78,002	78,114	78,115
Participation rate	57.0	57.2	57.5	56.8	57.2	57.1	57.3	57.3	57.3
Employed	73,988	75,376	75,419	74,031	75,049	75,115	75,420	75,311	75,448
Employment-population ratio	54.7	55.3	55.3	54.7	55.2	55.2	55.4	55.3	55.3
Unemployed	3,101	2,625	2,987	2,772	2,728	2,617	2,582	2,803	2,668
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.4
Not in labor force	58,198	58,298	57,986	58,484	58,264	58,390	58,207	58,185	58,277
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,872	127,845	127,932	126,872	127,613	127,684	127,761	127,845	127,932
Civilian labor force	73,522	74,941	74,722	73,721	74,606	74,612	74,868	75,005	74,927
Participation rate	57.9	58.6	58.4	58.1	58.5	58.4	58.6	58.7	58.6
Employed	70,890	72,634	72,171	71,280	72,189	72,284	72,575	72,518	72,567
Employment-population ratio	55.9	56.8	56.4	56.2	56.6	56.6	56.8	56.7	56.7
Unemployed	2,632	2,307	2,551	2,441	2,417	2,328	2,293	2,486	2,360
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.1
Not in labor force	53,350	52,904	53,210	53,151	53,007	53,072	52,893	52,840	53,005
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,064	17,208	17,223	17,064	17,153	17,173	17,194	17,208	17,223
Civilian labor force	7,312	6,185	7,293	6,252	6,435	6,423	6,382	6,326	6,250
Participation rate	42.9	35.9	42.3	36.6	37.5	37.4	37.1	36.8	36.3
Employed	6,356	5,558	6,320	5,566	5,719	5,792	5,796	5,676	5,559
Employment-population ratio	37.2	32.3	36.7	32.6	33.3	33.7	33.7	33.0	32.3
Unemployed	957	628	973	686	716	631	586	650	691
Unemployment rate	13.1	10.1	13.3	11.0	11.1	9.8	9.2	10.3	11.0
Not in labor force	9,752	11,023	9,931	10,813	10,718	10,750	10,813	10,882	10,973
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	203,125	204,345	204,433	203,125	204,118	204,186	204,261	204,345	204,433
Civilian labor force	126,371	127,111	127,942	125,703	126,756	126,933	127,174	127,273	127,306
Participation rate	62.2	62.2	62.6	61.9	62.1	62.2	62.3	62.3	62.3
Employed	121,949	123,247	123,760	121,582	122,738	122,831	123,224	123,112	123,389
Employment-population ratio	60.0	60.3	60.5	59.9	60.1	60.2	60.3	60.2	60.4
Unemployed	4,422	3,864	4,182	4,121	4,017	4,102	3,950	4,161	3,917
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.1
Not in labor force	76,754	77,233	76,491	77,423	77,362	77,253	77,087	77,072	77,127
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,607	66,450	66,596	65,554	66,083	66,304	66,299	66,433	66,543
Participation rate	70.0	70.3	70.4	69.9	69.9	70.2	70.1	70.2	70.3
Employed	63,653	64,521	64,668	63,532	64,125	64,287	64,363	64,343	64,545
Employment-population ratio	67.9	68.2	68.3	67.8	67.9	68.0	68.1	68.0	68.2
Unemployed	1,954	1,928	1,928	2,022	1,958	2,018	1,936	2,089	1,998
Unemployment rate	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,099	55,878	55,784	55,312	55,733	55,656	55,882	55,950	55,994
Participation rate	56.8	57.5	57.3	57.1	57.4	57.3	57.5	57.5	57.6
Employed	53,334	54,379	54,176	53,713	54,142	53,994	54,304	54,323	54,536
Employment-population ratio	55.0	55.9	55.7	55.4	55.7	55.6	55.9	55.9	56.1
Unemployed	1,765	1,499	1,608	1,598	1,591	1,661	1,578	1,627	1,458
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.7	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,665	4,784	5,562	4,837	4,940	4,973	4,993	4,890	4,769
Participation rate	45.4	38.2	44.4	38.7	39.6	39.8	39.9	39.1	38.1
Employed	4,961	4,347	4,916	4,336	4,471	4,550	4,557	4,445	4,308
Employment-population ratio	39.7	34.7	39.3	34.7	35.8	36.4	36.4	35.5	34.4
Unemployed	703	437	646	501	469	423	436	445	461
Unemployment rate	12.4	9.1	11.6	10.4	9.5	8.5	8.7	9.1	9.7
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,107	34,613	34,644	34,107	34,519	34,550	34,583	34,613	34,644
Civilian labor force	21,379	21,878	21,886	21,209	21,893	22,152	21,790	21,874	21,695
Participation rate	62.7	63.2	63.2	62.2	63.4	64.1	63.0	63.2	62.6
Employed	20,082	20,662	20,495	19,965	20,654	21,037	20,766	20,641	20,402
Employment-population ratio	58.9	59.7	59.2	58.5	59.8	60.9	60.0	59.6	58.9
Unemployed	1,297	1,216	1,392	1,245	1,239	1,114	1,025	1,234	1,292
Unemployment rate	6.1	5.6	6.4	5.9	5.7	5.0	4.7	5.6	6.0
Not in labor force	12,728	12,735	12,757	12,898	12,626	12,399	12,793	12,738	12,949
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,945	10,103	10,128	9,863	10,218	10,400	10,005	10,084	10,053
Participation rate	68.6	68.4	68.5	68.0	69.3	70.5	67.8	68.2	68.0
Employed	9,429	9,536	9,547	9,336	9,700	9,860	9,556	9,519	9,465
Employment-population ratio	65.0	64.5	64.5	64.4	65.8	66.8	64.7	64.4	64.0
Unemployed	516	567	581	527	518	539	449	565	588
Unemployment rate	5.2	5.6	5.7	5.3	5.1	5.2	4.5	5.6	5.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,612	11,058	10,881	10,624	10,877	10,986	11,054	11,051	10,886
Participation rate	61.9	63.9	62.8	62.0	63.0	63.6	63.9	63.9	62.9
Employed	9,998	10,491	10,260	10,025	10,319	10,522	10,573	10,469	10,300
Employment-population ratio	58.4	60.6	59.2	58.5	59.8	60.9	61.1	60.5	59.5
Unemployed	614	567	621	599	558	464	481	582	586
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.1	5.7	5.6	5.1	4.2	4.4	5.3	5.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	822	717	877	723	797	766	732	740	756
Participation rate	33.2	28.3	34.6	29.2	31.7	30.4	29.0	29.2	29.8
Employed	655	635	688	604	635	655	637	653	638
Employment-population ratio	26.4	25.1	27.1	24.4	25.2	26.0	25.2	25.8	25.1
Unemployed	167	82	189	119	163	111	95	87	118
Unemployment rate	20.3	11.4	21.6	16.5	20.4	14.5	12.9	11.7	15.6
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,910	17,511	17,491	16,910	17,444	17,545	17,557	17,511	17,491
Civilian labor force	10,954	11,348	11,495	10,895	11,348	11,390	11,396	11,408	11,435
Participation rate	64.8	64.8	65.7	64.4	65.1	64.9	64.9	65.1	65.4
Employed	10,602	11,034	11,104	10,568	10,962	11,067	11,073	11,073	11,073
Employment-population ratio	62.7	63.0	63.5	62.5	62.8	63.1	63.1	63.2	63.3
Unemployed	352	315	391	326	386	323	323	335	363
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.8	3.4	3.0	3.4	2.8	2.8	2.9	3.2
Not in labor force	5,956	6,163	5,997	6,015	6,096	6,154	6,162	6,104	6,056
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	46,119	47,380	47,473	46,119	47,103	47,194	47,288	47,380	47,473
Civilian labor force	30,793	31,612	32,063	30,686	31,444	31,517	31,589	31,690	31,943
Participation rate	66.8	66.7	67.5	66.5	66.8	66.8	66.8	66.9	67.3
Employed	29,443	30,471	30,684	29,355	29,789	30,071	30,185	30,407	30,571
Employment-population ratio	63.8	64.3	64.6	63.7	63.2	63.7	63.8	64.2	64.4
Unemployed	1,350	1,140	1,379	1,331	1,655	1,446	1,404	1,283	1,372
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.6	4.3	4.3	5.3	4.6	4.4	4.0	4.3
Not in labor force	15,326	15,768	15,410	15,433	15,659	15,677	15,699	15,690	15,530
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	16,739	17,113	17,212	16,751	16,882	16,969	16,956	17,123	17,224
Participation rate	80.1	79.5	79.8	80.2	78.8	79.1	78.9	79.5	79.8
Employed	16,202	16,512	16,647	16,148	16,036	16,293	16,260	16,434	16,576
Employment-population ratio	77.5	76.7	77.2	77.3	74.9	76.0	75.7	76.3	76.8
Unemployed	537	601	565	603	846	676	696	690	649
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.6	5.0	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	12,499	13,120	13,191	12,493	13,085	13,069	13,111	13,150	13,182
Participation rate	59.6	61.1	61.3	59.6	61.3	61.1	61.2	61.2	61.3
Employed	11,919	12,707	12,618	11,939	12,460	12,482	12,576	12,700	12,638
Employment-population ratio	56.9	59.2	58.6	57.0	58.4	58.4	58.7	59.1	58.7
Unemployed	579	413	572	554	626	587	534	450	544
Unemployment rate	4.6	3.1	4.3	4.4	4.8	4.5	4.1	3.4	4.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,555	1,379	1,660	1,443	1,477	1,479	1,522	1,417	1,537
Participation rate	36.5	31.5	37.9	33.8	34.0	34.0	34.9	32.4	35.0
Employed	1,321	1,253	1,419	1,268	1,294	1,296	1,349	1,273	1,357
Employment-population ratio	31.0	28.6	32.4	29.7	29.8	29.8	30.9	29.1	31.0
Unemployed	234	126	242	175	183	183	174	144	180
Unemployment rate	15.0	9.2	14.5	12.1	12.4	12.4	11.4	10.1	11.7
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,389	9,381	9,391	9,190	9,165	9,203	9,082	9,140	9,184
Participation rate	45.6	46.9	47.7	44.6	48.3	46.6	46.3	45.7	46.6
Employed	8,917	8,907	8,884	8,666	8,629	8,762	8,595	8,621	8,632
Employment-population ratio	43.3	44.6	45.1	42.1	45.5	44.3	43.8	43.1	43.8
Unemployed	472	474	507	524	536	441	487	519	552
Unemployment rate	5.0	5.1	5.4	5.7	5.8	4.8	5.4	5.7	6.0
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,612	36,087	35,780	35,897	35,850	35,680	35,752	36,022	36,038
Participation rate	56.3	56.9	56.5	56.7	56.0	56.1	56.4	56.8	57.0
Employed	34,366	34,767	34,441	34,589	34,574	34,246	34,345	34,611	34,638
Employment-population ratio	54.3	54.9	54.4	54.6	54.0	53.8	54.2	54.6	54.7
Unemployed	1,247	1,320	1,339	1,308	1,276	1,433	1,407	1,411	1,400
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.9
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,757	35,277	35,572	35,714	35,962	35,944	35,668	35,407	35,564
Participation rate	62.7	62.9	62.5	62.6	63.6	63.6	63.0	63.1	62.5
Employed	34,639	34,203	34,475	34,593	34,796	34,877	34,650	34,273	34,472
Employment-population ratio	60.7	61.0	60.5	60.6	61.5	61.8	61.2	61.1	60.5
Unemployed	1,118	1,073	1,096	1,121	1,167	1,067	1,018	1,134	1,092
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.1
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	61,540	64,067	63,652	62,172	63,140	63,632	64,077	64,201	64,274
Participation rate	72.4	73.0	72.7	73.2	72.3	73.1	73.3	73.1	73.4
Employed	60,166	62,857	62,310	60,875	61,858	62,355	62,835	62,879	63,010
Employment-population ratio	70.8	71.6	71.2	71.7	70.9	71.6	71.8	71.6	72.0
Unemployed	1,374	1,210	1,342	1,296	1,282	1,278	1,241	1,322	1,264
Unemployment rate	2.2	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	June 2022	June 2023	June 2022	June 2023	June 2022	June 2023
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,384	17,920	16,356	15,879	2,028	2,041
Civilian labor force	8,616	8,576	7,445	7,486	1,171	1,090
Participation rate	46.9	47.9	45.5	47.1	57.7	53.4
Employed	8,381	8,346	7,245	7,278	1,136	1,067
Employment-population ratio	45.6	46.6	44.3	45.8	56.0	52.3
Unemployed	235	230	200	208	35	22
Unemployment rate	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.1
Not in labor force	9,768	9,344	8,911	8,393	857	951
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,933	5,040	4,031	4,123	902	917
Civilian labor force	3,808	3,973	3,162	3,354	646	620
Participation rate	77.2	78.8	78.4	81.3	71.6	67.6
Employed	3,697	3,872	3,074	3,255	623	617
Employment-population ratio	75.0	76.8	76.3	78.9	69.1	67.3
Unemployed	110	102	88	99	23	3
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.9	3.5	0.5
Not in labor force	1,125	1,066	869	769	256	297
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,200	2,949	2,733	2,499	467	450
Civilian labor force	2,238	2,073	1,937	1,790	300	283
Participation rate	69.9	70.3	70.9	71.6	64.3	63.0
Employed	2,205	2,028	1,911	1,758	293	270
Employment-population ratio	68.9	68.8	69.9	70.4	62.8	60.0
Unemployed	33	45	26	31	7	13
Unemployment rate	1.5	2.2	1.4	1.7	2.3	4.8
Not in labor force	963	876	796	710	167	166
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,250	5,987	6,001	5,733	249	254
Civilian labor force	905	849	862	820	43	29
Participation rate	14.5	14.2	14.4	14.3	17.4	11.6
Employed	859	819	816	789	43	29
Employment-population ratio	13.7	13.7	13.6	13.8	17.2	11.6
Unemployed	46	30	46	30	0	0
Unemployment rate	5.1	3.6	5.3	3.7	-	-
Not in labor force	5,345	5,138	5,139	4,913	206	225
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,001	3,944	3,591	3,524	410	420
Civilian labor force	1,666	1,680	1,484	1,523	181	157
Participation rate	41.6	42.6	41.3	43.2	44.3	37.4
Employed	1,620	1,627	1,443	1,476	177	151
Employment-population ratio	40.5	41.2	40.2	41.9	43.1	35.9
Unemployed	46	53	41	47	5	6
Unemployment rate	2.7	3.2	2.7	3.1	2.7	3.9
Not in labor force	2,335	2,264	2,107	2,001	229	263
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	236,545	239,520	107,707	109,818	128,837	129,702
Civilian labor force	153,584	156,449	79,030	80,623	74,554	75,826
Participation rate	64.9	65.3	73.4	73.4	57.9	58.5
Employed	147,902	150,762	76,207	77,719	71,696	73,043
Employment-population ratio	62.5	62.9	70.8	70.8	55.6	56.3
Unemployed	5,682	5,687	2,824	2,904	2,858	2,783
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.8	3.7
Not in labor force	82,961	83,071	28,677	29,195	54,284	53,876
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	June 2022	June 2023	June 2022	June 2023
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,921	34,152	230,913	232,649
Civilian labor force	7,588	8,193	157,424	159,717
Participation rate	23.1	24.0	68.2	68.7
Employed	6,965	7,638	151,713	153,921
Employment-population ratio	21.2	22.4	65.7	66.2
Unemployed	624	555	5,711	5,796
Unemployment rate	8.2	6.8	3.6	3.6
Not in labor force	25,333	25,960	73,490	72,931
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,125	3,360	78,790	80,084
Participation rate	38.0	39.9	83.3	83.8
Employed	2,866	3,138	75,997	77,113
Employment-population ratio	34.9	37.3	80.4	80.6
Unemployed	259	221	2,793	2,971
Unemployment rate	8.3	6.6	3.5	3.7
Not in labor force	5,091	5,052	15,759	15,531
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,166	3,348	69,263	70,132
Participation rate	38.1	39.5	72.0	73.0
Employed	2,900	3,112	66,579	67,547
Employment-population ratio	34.9	36.7	69.3	70.3
Unemployed	267	235	2,684	2,585
Unemployment rate	8.4	7.0	3.9	3.7
Not in labor force	5,145	5,124	26,871	25,942
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,297	1,485	9,371	9,502
Participation rate	7.9	8.6	23.3	23.2
Employed	1,199	1,387	9,137	9,262
Employment-population ratio	7.3	8.0	22.7	22.6
Unemployed	98	99	234	240
Unemployment rate	7.5	6.6	2.5	2.5
Not in labor force	15,096	15,784	30,859	31,458
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	June 2022	June 2023	June 2022	June 2023	June 2022	June 2023
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	44,854	45,873	21,696	22,463	23,158	23,409
Civilian labor force	29,553	30,730	16,757	17,508	12,796	13,222
Participation rate	65.9	67.0	77.2	77.9	55.3	56.5
Employed	28,498	29,710	16,221	17,042	12,276	12,668
Employment-population ratio	63.5	64.8	74.8	75.9	53.0	54.1
Unemployed	1,056	1,020	536	466	520	555
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.3	3.2	2.7	4.1	4.2
Not in labor force	15,300	15,142	4,939	4,955	10,361	10,187
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	218,981	220,928	106,851	107,945	112,129	112,984
Civilian labor force	135,459	137,180	71,167	71,995	64,292	65,185
Participation rate	61.9	62.1	66.6	66.7	57.3	57.7
Employed	130,180	131,849	68,468	69,097	61,712	62,752
Employment-population ratio	59.4	59.7	64.1	64.0	55.0	55.5
Unemployed	5,279	5,331	2,698	2,898	2,581	2,433
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.9	3.8	4.0	4.0	3.7
Not in labor force	83,522	83,749	35,685	35,950	47,837	47,799
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,385	2,358	2,398	2,297	2,346	2,226	2,301	2,301	2,311
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,553	1,615	1,650	1,513	1,521	1,509	1,536	1,569	1,591
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	787	694	712	746	781	666	715	672	674
Unpaid family workers	45	50	36	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	156,293	158,644	159,161	155,976	157,743	158,318	158,639	158,416	158,853
Wage and salary workers(1)	146,848	149,753	150,021	146,424	148,723	149,479	149,383	149,512	149,632
Government	20,265	21,487	21,022	20,775	21,501	21,467	21,678	21,434	21,552
Private industries	126,582	128,266	128,999	125,714	126,967	127,750	127,655	128,050	128,110
Private households	616	643	641	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	125,966	127,624	128,358	125,117	126,261	127,055	126,942	127,337	127,470
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,392	8,820	9,055	9,242	9,338	9,173	9,100	8,731	8,917
Unpaid family workers	53	71	84	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	3,838	3,535	4,403	3,631	4,067	4,102	3,903	3,739	4,191
Slack work or business conditions	2,426	2,435	2,955	2,380	2,840	2,873	2,760	2,582	2,890
Could only find part-time work	906	835	974	910	859	882	817	824	948
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,885	21,884	20,354	20,655	21,856	21,433	21,796	21,864	21,267
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	3,813	3,518	4,337	3,594	3,964	4,037	3,841	3,725	4,095
Slack work or business conditions	2,415	2,428	2,910	2,358	2,750	2,822	2,715	2,566	2,835
Could only find part-time work	901	835	970	907	842	872	807	821	943
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,474	21,515	20,004	20,238	21,453	21,069	21,400	21,496	20,913
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	158,678	161,002	161,559	158,057	160,315	160,892	161,031	160,721	160,994
16 to 19 years	6,356	5,558	6,320	5,566	5,719	5,792	5,796	5,676	5,559
16 to 17 years	2,395	2,115	2,451	2,113	2,200	2,227	2,209	2,240	2,177
18 to 19 years	3,961	3,443	3,868	3,450	3,534	3,589	3,594	3,450	3,372
20 years and over	152,322	155,445	155,239	152,491	154,597	155,100	155,236	155,045	155,435
20 to 24 years	14,235	14,711	15,130	13,853	14,831	14,896	14,843	14,816	14,741
25 years and over	138,087	140,734	140,110	138,598	139,939	140,372	140,452	140,314	140,612
25 to 54 years	101,200	103,443	103,108	101,492	102,838	103,121	103,220	103,209	103,384
25 to 34 years	35,345	35,897	35,712	35,386	35,799	35,780	35,866	35,814	35,755
35 to 44 years	34,399	35,343	35,267	34,520	35,243	35,492	35,285	35,257	35,391
45 to 54 years	31,457	32,202	32,130	31,586	31,796	31,849	32,069	32,138	32,238
55 years and over	36,887	37,291	37,002	37,106	37,100	37,250	37,232	37,105	37,228
Men, 16 years and over	84,690	85,626	86,140	84,026	85,266	85,776	85,611	85,410	85,547
16 to 19 years	3,257	2,816	3,072	2,816	2,859	2,961	2,951	2,884	2,679
16 to 17 years	1,238	991	1,142	1,042	1,020	1,134	1,079	1,043	972
18 to 19 years	2,019	1,825	1,930	1,769	1,851	1,850	1,878	1,844	1,695
20 years and over	81,432	82,810	83,068	81,210	82,407	82,816	82,661	82,526	82,868
20 to 24 years	7,317	7,489	7,784	7,083	7,484	7,687	7,491	7,509	7,541
25 years and over	74,115	75,321	75,284	74,071	75,070	75,249	75,207	75,088	75,233
25 to 54 years	54,238	55,321	55,342	54,169	55,033	55,232	55,184	55,174	55,263
25 to 34 years	18,826	19,184	19,161	18,797	19,167	19,140	19,134	19,145	19,130
35 to 44 years	18,531	19,060	19,169	18,509	18,965	19,115	18,997	18,998	19,143
45 to 54 years	16,880	17,078	17,012	16,863	16,901	16,977	17,053	17,031	16,990
55 years and over	19,877	20,000	19,942	19,902	20,037	20,017	20,023	19,914	19,971
Women, 16 years and over	73,988	75,376	75,419	74,031	75,049	75,115	75,420	75,311	75,448
16 to 19 years	3,098	2,742	3,248	2,750	2,860	2,831	2,845	2,793	2,880
16 to 17 years	1,156	1,124	1,309	1,071	1,179	1,093	1,130	1,196	1,205
18 to 19 years	1,942	1,618	1,939	1,681	1,683	1,738	1,716	1,606	1,677
20 years and over	70,890	72,634	72,171	71,280	72,189	72,284	72,575	72,518	72,567
20 to 24 years	6,918	7,222	7,345	6,770	7,347	7,209	7,353	7,307	7,201
25 years and over	63,972	65,413	64,826	64,527	64,868	65,123	65,245	65,226	65,378
25 to 54 years	46,963	48,121	47,766	47,322	47,805	47,889	48,036	48,035	48,121
25 to 34 years	16,518	16,714	16,551	16,589	16,633	16,640	16,732	16,669	16,625
35 to 44 years	15,868	16,283	16,097	16,011	16,278	16,377	16,288	16,259	16,248
45 to 54 years	14,577	15,124	15,118	14,723	14,895	14,872	15,016	15,107	15,248
55 years and over	17,009	17,291	17,060	17,204	17,063	17,234	17,209	17,191	17,258
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,191	45,758	45,696	45,276	46,387	46,341	46,124	45,647	45,844
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,099	37,072	36,422	36,516	36,883	36,759	37,140	36,964	36,847
Women who maintain families(2)	10,010	9,683	9,950	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	133,626	134,581	135,860	132,558	133,184	134,339	134,500	134,477	134,859
Part-time workers(4)	25,052	26,421	25,699	25,469	27,089	26,747	26,663	26,443	26,181
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,432	7,718	7,880	7,552	7,904	7,979	7,707	7,762	7,995
Percent of total employed	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.8	5.0
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,659	6,706	6,836	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	10,179	9,514	9,767	9,988	10,119	9,839	9,815	9,403	9,591
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	5,945	6,097	5,957	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6
16 to 19 years	686	650	691	11.0	11.1	9.8	9.2	10.3	11.0
16 to 17 years	267	235	274	11.2	9.0	9.1	9.4	9.5	11.2
18 to 19 years	392	407	394	10.2	12.1	10.3	9.4	10.6	10.5
20 years and over	5,259	5,447	5,266	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.3
20 to 24 years	1,018	990	952	6.8	6.9	6.5	5.4	6.3	6.1
25 years and over	4,260	4,401	4,326	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0
25 to 54 years	3,199	3,355	3,322	3.1	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.1
25 to 34 years	1,278	1,441	1,467	3.5	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.9
35 to 44 years	1,141	1,052	1,070	3.2	2.6	2.5	2.9	2.9	2.9
45 to 54 years	780	862	785	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.4
55 years and over	1,039	1,056	978	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.8	2.6
Men, 16 years and over	3,173	3,294	3,289	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.7
16 to 19 years	354	333	383	11.2	12.4	10.4	9.1	10.4	12.5
16 to 17 years	134	91	159	11.4	11.4	9.5	8.6	8.0	14.1
18 to 19 years	191	239	200	9.7	12.9	10.6	10.1	11.5	10.5
20 years and over	2,818	2,961	2,906	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4
20 to 24 years	586	570	545	7.6	7.9	6.9	6.0	7.1	6.7
25 years and over	2,212	2,332	2,334	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0
25 to 54 years	1,630	1,743	1,707	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0
25 to 34 years	691	744	792	3.5	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.7	4.0
35 to 44 years	549	534	482	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.5
45 to 54 years	390	465	433	2.3	2.5	2.1	2.4	2.7	2.5
55 years and over	582	589	627	2.8	2.5	2.8	2.3	2.9	3.0
Women, 16 years and over	2,772	2,803	2,668	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.4
16 to 19 years	331	317	308	10.8	9.8	9.3	9.2	10.2	9.7
16 to 17 years	132	144	115	11.0	6.8	8.7	10.2	10.7	8.7
18 to 19 years	201	168	195	10.7	11.2	9.9	8.7	9.5	10.4
20 years and over	2,441	2,486	2,360	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.1
20 to 24 years	433	420	407	6.0	5.9	6.1	4.7	5.4	5.3
25 years and over	2,048	2,068	1,992	3.1	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.1	3.0
25 to 54 years	1,569	1,612	1,615	3.2	3.0	2.8	3.0	3.2	3.2
25 to 34 years	587	698	675	3.4	3.9	3.4	3.5	4.0	3.9
35 to 44 years	592	517	588	3.6	2.4	2.3	3.0	3.1	3.5
45 to 54 years	390	397	352	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.3
55 years and over	474	460	373	2.7	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.1
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	931	948	830	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.7	2.0	1.8
Married women, spouse present(1)	844	867	810	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.3	2.2
Women who maintain families(2)	477	468	501	4.5	5.0	4.6	4.8	4.6	4.8
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,910	4,953	4,875	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.5
Part-time workers(4)	1,029	1,095	1,086	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.6	4.0	4.0
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,601	2,610	2,817	2,633	2,752	2,949	2,642	2,960	2,900
On temporary layoff	815	503	850	832	816	833	709	767	842
Not on temporary layoff	1,786	2,107	1,968	1,802	1,935	2,117	1,933	2,193	2,058
Permanent job losers	1,278	1,567	1,439	1,256	1,380	1,552	1,445	1,588	1,493
Persons who completed temporary jobs	508	540	528	546	555	564	488	605	565
Job leavers	812	715	772	833	891	845	790	765	794
Reentrants	2,200	1,880	1,934	1,979	1,847	1,665	1,761	1,821	1,745
New entrants	721	495	828	466	515	492	531	508	558
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	41.1	45.8	44.4	44.5	45.8	49.6	46.2	48.9	48.4
On temporary layoff	12.9	8.8	13.4	14.1	13.6	14.0	12.4	12.7	14.0
Not on temporary layoff	28.2	37.0	31.0	30.5	32.2	35.6	33.8	36.2	34.3
Job leavers	12.8	12.5	12.2	14.1	14.8	14.2	13.8	12.6	13.2
Reentrants	34.7	33.0	30.4	33.5	30.8	28.0	30.8	30.1	29.1
New entrants	11.4	8.7	13.0	7.9	8.6	8.3	9.3	8.4	9.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.8	1.7
Job leavers	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0
New entrants	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,964	2,044	2,788	2,259	2,289	2,272	1,866	2,083	2,068
5 to 14 weeks	1,386	1,536	1,667	1,576	1,845	1,733	1,915	1,865	1,889
15 weeks and over	1,985	2,120	1,896	2,114	1,862	1,838	1,835	2,046	2,021
15 to 26 weeks	699	992	845	777	805	734	679	858	917
27 weeks and over	1,286	1,127	1,051	1,337	1,057	1,104	1,156	1,188	1,105
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	20.8	21.9	19.3	22.3	19.3	19.5	20.9	21.2	20.7
Median duration, in weeks	5.8	9.4	6.4	8.2	8.3	8.1	8.4	8.6	8.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	46.8	35.9	43.9	38.0	38.2	38.9	33.2	34.8	34.6
5 to 14 weeks	21.9	27.0	26.2	26.5	30.8	29.7	34.1	31.1	31.6
15 weeks and over	31.3	37.2	29.8	35.5	31.1	31.5	32.7	34.1	33.8
15 to 26 weeks	11.0	17.4	13.3	13.1	13.4	12.6	12.1	14.3	15.3
27 weeks and over	20.3	19.8	16.6	22.5	17.6	18.9	20.6	19.8	18.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	June 2022	June 2023	June 2022	June 2023	June 2022	June 2023
Total, 16 years and over(1)	158,678	161,559	6,334	6,351	3.8	3.8
Management, professional, and related occupations	67,224	69,956	1,520	1,609	2.2	2.2
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	29,179	30,881	488	600	1.6	1.9
Professional and related occupations	38,045	39,075	1,032	1,009	2.6	2.5
Service occupations	26,195	27,041	1,245	1,222	4.5	4.3
Sales and office occupations	30,264	30,135	1,223	1,094	3.9	3.5
Sales and related occupations	14,311	14,218	619	589	4.1	4.0
Office and administrative support occupations	15,953	15,917	604	506	3.6	3.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,401	14,596	601	498	4.0	3.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,090	1,041	68	55	5.9	5.0
Construction and extraction occupations	8,542	8,597	400	340	4.5	3.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,770	4,958	133	103	2.7	2.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,593	19,832	1,016	1,080	4.7	5.2
Production occupations	8,544	8,269	315	360	3.6	4.2
Transportation and material moving occupations	12,050	11,563	700	720	5.5	5.9
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	June 2022	June 2023	June 2022	June 2023
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,334	6,351	3.8	3.8
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,607	4,449	3.5	3.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	7	1.6	1.3
Construction	385	381	3.7	3.6
Manufacturing	465	396	3.0	2.6
Durable goods	277	238	2.9	2.4
Nondurable goods	189	158	3.2	2.9
Wholesale and retail trade	799	855	4.1	4.4
Transportation and utilities	323	263	3.8	3.1
Information	80	85	3.1	3.1
Financial activities	211	226	2.1	2.2
Professional and business services	640	628	3.4	3.3
Education and health services	803	733	3.3	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	721	735	5.2	5.1
Other services	169	140	2.5	2.1
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	69	85	4.4	5.1
Government workers	653	649	3.1	3.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	284	340	2.7	3.3
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2022	May 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023	June 2023
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.8	1.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.8	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.1	3.6	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.9	3.7
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.7	4.3	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.4
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.0	6.4	7.2	6.7	6.8	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.9
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	June 2022	June 2023	June 2022	June 2023	June 2022	June 2023
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	98,822	98,891	40,624	40,905	58,198	57,986
Persons who currently want a job	6,100	5,846	2,886	2,682	3,214	3,164
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,541	1,479	808	759	733	721
Discouraged workers(2)	386	320	243	185	143	134
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,154	1,159	565	573	590	586
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,432	7,880	3,722	3,873	3,709	4,007
Percent of total employed	4.7	4.9	4.4	4.5	5.0	5.3
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,204	4,670	2,236	2,488	1,968	2,182
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,692	1,747	613	637	1,079	1,111
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	426	389	286	217	140	172
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,027	994	555	509	472	485
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)	Change from: May2023 - June2023(p)
Total nonfarm	153,217	155,369	156,266	156,963	152,412	155,689	155,995	156,204	209
Total private	131,254	132,469	133,370	134,389	130,302	133,086	133,345	133,494	149
Goods-producing	21,445	21,394	21,566	21,837	21,175	21,526	21,549	21,578	29
Mining and logging	613	634	641	647	607	640	643	642	-1
Logging	45.1	43.8	43.7	45.3	45.1	46.3	45.9	45.5	-0.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	568.2	590.1	597.2	602.0	561.7	593.3	597.2	596.1	-1.1
Oil and gas extraction	121.9	117.3	117.9	118.4	121.4	118.2	119.0	118.0	-1.0
Mining (except oil and gas)	186.7	186.1	188.8	191.4	182.8	187.4	186.8	187.7	0.9
Coal mining	40.9	41.4	41.3	41.6	40.8	41.3	41.2	41.5	0.3
Metal ore mining	43.4	43.9	44.0	44.1	42.7	43.9	43.9	43.6	-0.3
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	102.4	100.8	103.5	105.7	99.3	102.2	101.7	102.7	1.0
Support activities for mining	259.6	286.7	290.5	292.2	257.5	287.7	291.4	290.4	-1.0
Construction	7,932	7,823	7,973	8,131	7,749	7,901	7,924	7,947	23
Construction of buildings	1,780.5	1,763.9	1,787.1	1,826.2	1,749.3	1,785.4	1,790.7	1,796.9	6.2
Residential building construction	937.0	915.8	927.9	942.9	921.4	928.1	928.4	929.2	0.8
Nonresidential building construction	843.5	848.1	859.2	883.3	827.9	857.3	862.3	867.7	5.4
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,119.5	1,093.6	1,134.9	1,160.3	1,077.4	1,095.8	1,105.7	1,113.0	7.3
Specialty trade contractors	5,032.1	4,965.1	5,051.1	5,144.0	4,921.8	5,019.6	5,027.8	5,037.3	9.5
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,350.1	2,307.9	2,347.5	2,392.3	2,298.0	2,330.0	2,332.6	2,342.6	10.0
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,682.0	2,657.2	2,703.6	2,751.7	2,623.8	2,689.6	2,695.2	2,694.7	-0.5
Manufacturing	12,900	12,937	12,952	13,059	12,819	12,985	12,982	12,989	7
Durable goods	8,008	8,085	8,095	8,172	7,954	8,105	8,109	8,124	15
Wood product manufacturing	433.2	422.6	424.4	427.2	430.0	423.9	424.3	424.7	0.4
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	425.7	427.6	431.4	436.8	418.4	429.8	428.2	430.7	2.5
Primary metal manufacturing	361.6	366.7	367.1	368.7	361.4	367.2	368.5	368.6	0.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,438.0	1,447.2	1,449.5	1,459.1	1,429.4	1,449.9	1,450.5	1,451.5	1.0
Machinery manufacturing	1,114.1	1,124.2	1,125.2	1,139.5	1,103.3	1,126.6	1,127.0	1,130.1	3.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,093.5	1,098.3	1,099.1	1,110.8	1,087.5	1,102.7	1,102.7	1,104.8	2.1
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	162.9	167.7	167.3	169.1	162.3	168.5	168.4	168.7	0.3
Communications equipment manufacturing	86.6	84.3	84.7	86.5	85.7	84.5	84.9	85.3	0.4
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	389.1	388.0	387.1	389.8	386.3	390.0	388.9	387.6	-1.3
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	422.4	425.6	426.6	432.0	421.2	426.5	426.8	430.1	3.3
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	32.5	32.7	33.4	33.4	32.0	33.2	33.6	32.9	-0.7
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	407.7	402.9	404.0	405.7	404.1	403.8	404.6	402.3	-2.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,718.1	1,799.8	1,803.2	1,825.7	1,710.7	1,801.5	1,810.2	1,817.4	7.2
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,004.7	1,063.5	1,062.6	1,069.1	1,007.1	1,061.1	1,067.3	1,071.6	4.3
Furniture and related product manufacturing	384.0	366.2	362.8	365.6	381.7	367.6	363.8	364.0	0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	632.4	629.9	628.0	632.8	627.8	631.7	628.8	629.4	0.6
Nondurable goods	4,892	4,852	4,857	4,887	4,865	4,880	4,873	4,865	-8
Food manufacturing	1,702.9	1,710.7	1,709.0	1,722.9	1,700.1	1,726.8	1,725.7	1,722.4	-3.3
Textile mills	100.1	95.6	94.3	94.9	99.3	95.5	94.4	94.2	-0.2
Textile product mills	104.9	100.9	101.1	99.4	104.5	100.9	100.7	99.5	-1.2
Apparel manufacturing	94.7	94.9	93.2	93.0	93.8	94.2	93.0	92.4	-0.6
Paper manufacturing	364.5	352.3	350.8	351.5	363.5	353.1	351.6	351.0	-0.6
Printing and related support activities	383.0	379.8	377.9	377.7	381.7	381.0	378.4	376.9	-1.5
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	108.6	105.5	107.5	108.2	106.2	106.3	106.1	105.9	-0.2
Chemical manufacturing	910.0	915.8	917.4	923.7	905.3	917.7	919.4	919.5	0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	761.3	744.7	745.6	746.4	756.7	746.1	744.9	742.9	-2.0
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	362.0	351.9	359.8	369.5	353.5	358.2	359.1	360.4	1.3
Private service-providing	109,809	111,075	111,804	112,552	109,127	111,560	111,796	111,916	120
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,637	28,574	28,730	28,851	28,671	28,850	28,895	28,873	-22
Wholesale trade	6,003.3	6,032.9	6,056.8	6,080.8	5,966.3	6,046.4	6,050.6	6,047.0	-3.6
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,307.9	3,332.5	3,348.0	3,363.3	3,289.0	3,339.0	3,345.3	3,346.1	0.8
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,174.7	2,175.0	2,185.4	2,194.6	2,158.4	2,180.2	2,181.6	2,179.1	-2.5
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	520.7	525.4	523.4	522.9	518.9	527.2	523.7	521.8	-1.9
Retail trade	15,483.9	15,369.5	15,469.5	15,565.1	15,467.3	15,527.2	15,550.2	15,539.0	-11.2
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,024.3	2,020.2	2,038.3	2,054.1	2,010.4	2,021.0	2,032.6	2,038.3	5.7
Automobile dealers	1,258.4	1,250.9	1,258.2	1,266.7	1,253.9	1,252.1	1,257.5	1,261.0	3.5
Other motor vehicle dealers	185.0	176.9	182.8	185.9	175.8	176.6	177.5	177.0	-0.5
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	580.9	592.4	597.3	601.5	580.7	592.4	597.6	600.3	2.7
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,484.7	1,408.3	1,431.1	1,424.5	1,406.8	1,376.2	1,369.0	1,359.1	-9.9
Food and beverage retailers	3,194.9	3,215.9	3,229.1	3,257.7	3,180.7	3,241.3	3,244.9	3,244.6	-0.3
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	903.4	854.9	849.9	846.5	912.5	864.0	858.8	854.3	-4.5
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	457.3	435.8	433.1	434.2	461.9	440.6	437.7	437.9	0.2
Electronics and appliance retailers	446.1	419.1	416.8	412.3	455.9	425.3	422.9	420.3	-2.6
General merchandise retailers	3,071.1	3,099.1	3,111.9	3,130.4	3,153.3	3,162.4	3,182.1	3,184.0	1.9
Department stores	926.8	920.4	928.1	933.1	967.0	961.5	967.4	964.7	-2.7
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,144.3	2,178.7	2,183.8	2,197.3	2,186.3	2,200.9	2,214.7	2,219.3	4.6
Health and personal care retailers	1,083.9	1,094.6	1,097.1	1,098.4	1,092.2	1,105.6	1,107.2	1,108.3	1.1
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,044.6	1,059.0	1,067.3	1,083.0	1,035.6	1,068.0	1,068.7	1,072.8	4.1
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,135.7	1,109.5	1,114.5	1,127.6	1,142.3	1,149.1	1,147.3	1,141.2	-6.1
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,541.3	1,508.0	1,530.3	1,542.9	1,533.5	1,539.6	1,539.6	1,536.4	-3.2
Transportation and warehousing	6,594.7	6,616.6	6,647.1	6,645.8	6,684.2	6,720.0	6,736.9	6,730.0	-6.9
Air transportation	508.3	535.2	540.5	548.0	502.8	536.7	539.4	542.6	3.2
Rail transportation	146.8	150.4	150.4	150.4	146.7	150.4	150.3	150.1	-0.2
Water transportation	67.1	65.3	68.2	69.9	64.6	66.7	67.4	67.3	-0.1
Truck transportation	1,602.4	1,591.4	1,605.7	1,619.9	1,591.4	1,608.7	1,609.9	1,609.7	-0.2
Transit and ground passenger transportation	400.9	432.6	450.5	427.7	412.3	422.1	436.9	439.0	2.1
Pipeline transportation	50.7	48.1	48.1	47.7	50.2	48.1	47.8	47.4	-0.4
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	38.1	32.5	35.1	41.0	32.2	35.7	35.3	35.8	0.5
Support activities for transportation	782.0	806.6	809.4	811.4	787.1	813.4	815.7	817.8	2.1
Couriers and messengers	1,070.4	1,049.5	1,054.4	1,058.5	1,136.6	1,120.3	1,122.6	1,115.6	-7.0
Warehousing and storage	1,928.0	1,905.0	1,884.8	1,871.3	1,960.3	1,917.9	1,911.6	1,904.7	-6.9
Utilities	555.1	554.9	556.1	559.0	552.9	556.0	556.9	556.6	-0.3
Information	3,111	3,073	3,078	3,113	3,089	3,095	3,095	3,095	0
Motion picture and sound recording industries	475.2	455.0	475.4	484.7	467.3	465.3	473.4	474.9	1.5
Publishing industries	955.1	932.2	924.8	944.0	946.6	938.4	935.3	938.7	3.4
Broadcasting and content providers	358.3	354.9	354.0	352.3	356.9	355.5	354.7	351.6	-3.1
Telecommunications	666.5	647.7	643.2	647.8	665.7	650.8	647.5	647.1	-0.4
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	466.6	489.3	490.9	493.7	464.8	490.3	491.3	492.9	1.6
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	189.2	193.6	189.7	190.5	187.7	195.0	192.5	190.0	-2.5
Financial activities	9,090	9,078	9,104	9,187	9,043	9,122	9,134	9,144	10
Finance and insurance	6,685.2	6,680.9	6,691.5	6,734.7	6,672.1	6,704.7	6,715.3	6,722.0	6.7
Monetary authorities-central bank	21.4	21.9	21.9	22.2	21.3	22.0	22.0	22.1	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,696.8	2,665.4	2,663.4	2,674.2	2,689.4	2,671.2	2,669.3	2,669.1	-0.2
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,760.5	1,784.3	1,778.7	1,789.7	1,754.5	1,787.6	1,782.8	1,786.4	3.6
Commercial banking	1,365.4	1,376.5	1,369.6	1,378.1	1,361.4	1,377.9	1,373.1	1,375.5	2.4
Nondepository credit intermediation	603.9	567.2	569.4	571.4	603.0	570.5	571.6	570.3	-1.3
Activities related to credit intermediation	332.4	313.9	315.3	313.1	331.9	313.1	314.9	312.4	-2.5
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,051.2	1,070.9	1,074.1	1,089.0	1,048.3	1,078.2	1,081.9	1,085.5	3.6
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,915.8	2,922.7	2,932.1	2,949.3	2,913.1	2,933.3	2,942.1	2,945.3	3.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,404.4	2,396.6	2,412.4	2,451.9	2,370.4	2,417.0	2,418.5	2,422.2	3.7
Real estate	1,832.4	1,841.7	1,842.3	1,864.9	1,816.6	1,852.2	1,851.5	1,853.5	2.0
Rental and leasing services	549.1	532.6	547.6	564.4	531.2	542.3	544.4	546.4	2.0
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.9	22.3	22.5	22.6	22.6	22.5	22.6	22.3	-0.3
Professional and business services	22,619	22,888	22,997	23,087	22,582	22,972	23,033	23,054	21
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,509.7	10,858.5	10,815.2	10,882.5	10,523.1	10,829.7	10,874.7	10,897.7	23.0
Legal services	1,194.1	1,171.2	1,172.5	1,195.6	1,183.3	1,180.1	1,180.0	1,185.1	5.1
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,079.5	1,222.2	1,134.6	1,125.1	1,119.3	1,148.8	1,161.6	1,163.4	1.8
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,618.8	1,655.6	1,669.1	1,701.2	1,602.8	1,671.3	1,677.1	1,683.4	6.3
Specialized design services	154.5	158.5	158.8	160.5	153.6	159.0	158.7	159.4	0.7
Computer systems design and related services	2,455.0	2,501.8	2,505.1	2,498.2	2,461.9	2,500.9	2,504.4	2,506.6	2.2
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,775.4	1,854.2	1,863.7	1,877.1	1,782.7	1,863.2	1,874.6	1,886.5	11.9
Scientific research and development services	906.3	925.4	929.7	945.3	896.2	931.0	934.0	934.7	0.7
Advertising, public relations, and related services	489.4	491.5	493.9	498.9	487.8	493.1	495.3	497.5	2.2
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	836.7	878.1	887.8	880.6	835.4	882.3	889.1	881.1	-8.0
Management of companies and enterprises	2,501.2	2,512.1	2,513.3	2,531.9	2,486.0	2,521.6	2,520.1	2,517.7	-2.4
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,607.8	9,517.1	9,668.7	9,672.3	9,573.1	9,620.9	9,637.8	9,638.2	0.4
Administrative and support services	9,128.0	9,027.3	9,174.8	9,172.8	9,095.1	9,126.7	9,142.0	9,141.6	-0.4
Office administrative services	596.3	618.0	620.6	623.0	592.7	619.1	619.9	621.1	1.2
Facilities support services	153.6	160.5	160.7	164.1	155.5	160.5	163.5	165.5	2.0
Employment services(1)	3,827.7	3,718.7	3,785.8	3,730.0	3,898.7	3,811.0	3,815.3	3,803.4	-11.9
Temporary help services	3,066.2	2,954.5	3,013.1	2,957.0	3,118.3	3,021.1	3,024.1	3,011.5	-12.6
Business support services	788.3	758.4	754.0	748.2	800.2	762.3	759.5	758.5	-1.0
Travel arrangement and reservation services	174.8	179.5	182.4	181.8	171.0	179.8	180.9	178.6	-2.3
Investigation and security services	947.8	977.0	979.2	979.9	950.0	977.2	979.9	982.9	3.0
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,304.3	2,274.9	2,347.7	2,398.6	2,192.8	2,273.5	2,278.1	2,285.3	7.2
Other support services	335.2	340.3	344.4	347.2	334.0	343.1	344.8	346.4	1.6
Waste management and remediation services	479.8	489.8	493.9	499.5	478.0	494.2	495.8	496.6	0.8
Private education and health services	24,081	25,271	25,248	25,089	24,277	25,149	25,229	25,302	73
Private educational services	3,585.0	4,071.9	3,963.8	3,727.4	3,788.5	3,923.7	3,939.7	3,946.9	7.2
Health care and social assistance	20,496.0	21,199.4	21,284.3	21,361.6	20,488.9	21,224.9	21,289.7	21,354.9	65.2
Health care(3)	16,243.3	16,726.4	16,771.3	16,840.3	16,246.5	16,759.1	16,803.7	16,844.8	41.1
Ambulatory health care services	8,085.3	8,345.4	8,372.3	8,377.6	8,093.5	8,351.2	8,375.8	8,389.6	13.8
Offices of physicians	2,794.2	2,875.4	2,882.9	2,885.0	2,799.3	2,877.1	2,884.7	2,890.8	6.1
Offices of dentists	1,009.9	1,031.7	1,037.5	1,033.2	1,006.3	1,033.8	1,037.3	1,030.5	-6.8
Offices of other health practitioners	1,076.9	1,125.3	1,131.0	1,132.9	1,080.8	1,126.8	1,132.2	1,137.2	5.0
Outpatient care centers	1,028.6	1,057.7	1,056.1	1,058.6	1,030.5	1,059.3	1,059.3	1,062.0	2.7
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	322.5	325.3	322.5	321.0	322.3	323.1	322.5	321.7	-0.8
Home health care services	1,531.9	1,595.0	1,605.0	1,613.0	1,532.4	1,595.4	1,602.9	1,611.7	8.8
Other ambulatory health care services	321.3	335.0	337.3	333.9	321.9	335.6	336.9	335.8	-1.1
Hospitals	5,149.1	5,267.2	5,272.7	5,306.0	5,151.0	5,280.0	5,293.3	5,308.3	15.0
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,008.9	3,113.8	3,126.3	3,156.7	3,002.0	3,127.9	3,134.6	3,146.9	12.3
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,353.7	1,392.3	1,397.7	1,415.5	1,351.4	1,400.8	1,403.9	1,410.1	6.2
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	605.5	625.1	630.2	636.0	604.6	627.3	630.7	634.7	4.0
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	897.9	942.1	943.1	948.5	894.8	944.1	943.9	946.0	2.1
Other residential care facilities	151.8	154.3	155.3	156.7	151.3	155.7	156.1	156.1	0.0
Social assistance	4,252.7	4,473.0	4,513.0	4,521.3	4,242.4	4,465.8	4,486.0	4,510.1	24.1
Individual and family services	2,820.8	2,978.1	3,001.2	3,019.6	2,814.5	2,977.6	2,993.1	3,011.4	18.3
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	201.5	213.9	215.1	217.3	202.1	213.6	215.7	217.4	1.7
Vocational rehabilitation services	271.9	278.4	279.1	283.4	268.8	279.8	279.3	280.1	0.8
Child care services	958.5	1,002.6	1,017.6	1,001.0	956.9	994.7	997.9	1,001.3	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	16,501	16,362	16,775	17,273	15,774	16,529	16,555	16,576	21
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,579.2	2,374.4	2,501.5	2,741.0	2,293.6	2,437.8	2,438.6	2,454.2	15.6
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	541.4	545.9	561.7	558.1	507.3	524.5	527.9	524.2	-3.7
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	170.0	166.1	174.3	185.8	157.8	171.1	172.4	173.3	0.9
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,867.8	1,662.4	1,765.5	1,997.1	1,628.5	1,742.2	1,738.3	1,756.7	18.4
Accommodation and food services	13,921.4	13,988.0	14,273.3	14,532.0	13,480.6	14,091.6	14,116.8	14,121.5	4.7
Accommodation	1,890.6	1,811.0	1,864.3	1,973.5	1,769.6	1,855.8	1,857.0	1,862.5	5.5
Food services and drinking places	12,030.8	12,177.0	12,409.0	12,558.5	11,711.0	12,235.8	12,259.8	12,259.0	-0.8
Other services	5,770	5,829	5,872	5,952	5,691	5,843	5,855	5,872	17
Repair and maintenance	1,404.8	1,437.8	1,450.1	1,459.5	1,392.1	1,438.2	1,443.8	1,446.3	2.5
Personal and laundry services	1,491.6	1,532.1	1,546.0	1,564.7	1,468.4	1,530.8	1,532.4	1,540.9	8.5
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,873.1	2,858.9	2,876.3	2,928.2	2,830.2	2,873.7	2,878.4	2,884.6	6.2
Government	21,963	22,900	22,896	22,574	22,110	22,603	22,650	22,710	60
Federal	2,858	2,905	2,917	2,924	2,851	2,910	2,913	2,914	1
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,262.9	2,294.4	2,312.0	2,320.4	2,248.9	2,303.0	2,304.9	2,305.3	0.4
U.S. Postal Service	594.6	610.7	604.8	603.6	601.8	606.7	608.0	608.8	0.8
State government	4,850	5,343	5,222	5,003	5,090	5,202	5,215	5,242	27
State government education	2,187.5	2,658.3	2,530.8	2,284.5	2,442.2	2,516.6	2,523.7	2,543.1	19.4
State government, excluding education	2,662.4	2,684.4	2,691.3	2,718.6	2,647.4	2,685.5	2,690.9	2,699.0	8.1
Local government	14,255	14,652	14,757	14,647	14,169	14,491	14,522	14,554	32
Local government education	7,688.5	8,168.3	8,188.3	7,870.2	7,782.5	7,927.4	7,943.1	7,960.4	17.3
Local government, excluding education	6,566.6	6,483.8	6,568.3	6,776.7	6,386.7	6,563.4	6,578.9	6,593.1	14.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.6	34.4	34.3	34.4
Goods-producing	39.9	39.8	39.8	39.9
Mining and logging	46.5	45.5	45.7	45.6
Construction	38.7	38.9	38.8	39.0
Manufacturing	40.3	40.1	40.1	40.1
Durable goods	40.8	40.6	40.6	40.7
Nondurable goods	39.7	39.4	39.3	39.1
Private service-providing	33.5	33.3	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.1	33.9	33.9	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.9	38.8	38.9	38.9
Retail trade	30.0	29.9	29.9	29.9
Transportation and warehousing	38.5	37.9	37.9	38.0
Utilities	42.8	42.3	42.3	42.3
Information	36.8	36.3	36.1	36.3
Financial activities	37.5	37.5	37.5	37.4
Professional and business services	36.6	36.5	36.4	36.5
Private education and health services	33.5	33.4	33.4	33.4
Leisure and hospitality	25.8	25.4	25.3	25.4
Other services	32.2	32.3	32.3	32.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.0
Durable goods	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.1
Nondurable goods	3.1	2.8	2.8	2.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)
Total private	$32.18	$33.34	$33.46	$33.58	$1,113.43	$1,146.90	$1,147.68	$1,155.15
Goods-producing	32.39	33.69	33.82	33.99	1,292.36	1,340.86	1,346.04	1,356.20
Mining and logging	35.93	37.74	38.12	38.08	1,670.75	1,717.17	1,742.08	1,736.45
Construction	34.67	36.11	36.24	36.31	1,341.73	1,404.68	1,406.11	1,416.09
Manufacturing	30.88	32.04	32.15	32.38	1,244.46	1,284.80	1,289.22	1,298.44
Durable goods	32.47	33.56	33.73	33.87	1,324.78	1,362.54	1,369.44	1,378.51
Nondurable goods	28.21	29.43	29.43	29.79	1,119.94	1,159.54	1,156.60	1,164.79
Private service-providing	32.13	33.26	33.38	33.48	1,076.36	1,107.56	1,111.55	1,114.88
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27.64	28.83	28.86	28.96	942.52	977.34	978.35	981.74
Wholesale trade	35.02	36.61	36.65	36.85	1,362.28	1,420.47	1,425.69	1,433.47
Retail trade	22.90	23.83	23.81	23.85	687.00	712.52	711.92	713.12
Transportation and warehousing	27.70	28.86	28.98	29.07	1,066.45	1,093.79	1,098.34	1,104.66
Utilities	47.55	49.44	49.34	49.60	2,035.14	2,091.31	2,087.08	2,098.08
Information	46.37	47.63	48.16	47.84	1,706.42	1,728.97	1,738.58	1,736.59
Financial activities	41.49	42.68	43.00	43.33	1,555.88	1,600.50	1,612.50	1,620.54
Professional and business services	38.62	40.14	40.25	40.37	1,413.49	1,465.11	1,465.10	1,473.51
Private education and health services	31.86	32.75	32.83	32.92	1,067.31	1,093.85	1,096.52	1,099.53
Leisure and hospitality	20.08	21.04	21.13	21.21	518.06	534.42	534.59	538.73
Other services	28.67	29.56	29.70	29.75	923.17	954.79	959.31	960.93
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)	Percent change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)	Percent change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)
Total private	113.2	114.9	114.8	115.3	0.4	174.1	183.2	183.7	185.1	0.8
Goods-producing	96.3	97.6	97.7	98.1	0.4	140.9	148.6	149.4	150.7	0.9
Mining and logging	88.7	91.5	92.3	92.0	-0.3	127.9	138.6	141.3	140.6	-0.5
Construction	103.4	105.9	106.0	106.8	0.8	155.7	166.2	166.9	168.6	1.0
Manufacturing	92.9	93.7	93.7	93.7	0.0	133.5	139.6	140.0	141.1	0.8
Durable goods	91.4	92.6	92.7	93.1	0.4	131.8	138.1	138.8	140.0	0.9
Nondurable goods	96.4	96.0	95.6	94.9	-0.7	138.0	143.3	142.7	143.5	0.6
Private service-providing	117.7	119.6	119.9	120.0	0.1	183.8	193.4	194.5	195.3	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.8	106.9	107.0	106.9	-0.1	159.2	166.1	166.6	167.0	0.2
Wholesale trade	102.4	103.5	103.8	103.8	0.0	150.0	158.5	159.2	159.9	0.4
Retail trade	94.4	94.5	94.6	94.6	0.0	143.0	148.9	149.0	149.1	0.1
Transportation and warehousing	147.9	146.3	146.7	146.9	0.1	208.4	214.9	216.3	217.3	0.5
Utilities	102.4	101.8	101.9	101.9	0.0	160.9	166.2	166.2	166.9	0.4
Information	103.8	102.6	102.1	102.6	0.5	171.4	174.0	175.0	174.8	-0.1
Financial activities	111.1	112.1	112.2	112.0	-0.2	179.8	186.5	188.2	189.3	0.6
Professional and business services	129.3	131.2	131.2	131.6	0.3	202.3	213.3	213.9	215.3	0.7
Private education and health services	132.8	137.2	137.6	138.0	0.3	203.5	216.1	217.3	218.5	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	116.1	119.8	119.5	120.1	0.5	188.1	203.3	203.7	205.6	0.9
Other services	105.7	108.8	109.0	109.4	0.4	166.0	176.3	177.5	178.3	0.5
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)
Total nonfarm	75,857	77,547	77,731	77,898	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.9
Total private	62,990	64,357	64,503	64,621	48.3	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,876	4,982	4,989	4,992	23.0	23.1	23.2	23.1
Mining and logging	77	82	82	84	12.7	12.8	12.8	13.1
Construction	1,087	1,117	1,119	1,122	14.0	14.1	14.1	14.1
Manufacturing	3,712	3,783	3,788	3,786	29.0	29.1	29.2	29.1
Durable goods	1,968	2,022	2,026	2,027	24.7	24.9	25.0	25.0
Nondurable goods	1,744	1,761	1,762	1,759	35.8	36.1	36.2	36.2
Private service-providing	58,114	59,375	59,514	59,629	53.3	53.2	53.2	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,302	11,356	11,368	11,357	39.4	39.4	39.3	39.3
Wholesale trade	1,826.0	1,862.6	1,858.1	1,856.0	30.6	30.8	30.7	30.7
Retail trade	7,531.5	7,517.1	7,529.3	7,522.5	48.7	48.4	48.4	48.4
Transportation and warehousing	1,804.6	1,830.6	1,834.6	1,831.8	27.0	27.2	27.2	27.2
Utilities	140.0	145.9	146.0	146.4	25.3	26.2	26.2	26.3
Information	1,235	1,255	1,255	1,255	40.0	40.5	40.5	40.5
Financial activities	5,048	5,079	5,085	5,087	55.8	55.7	55.7	55.6
Professional and business services	10,429	10,569	10,600	10,615	46.2	46.0	46.0	46.0
Private education and health services	18,701	19,320	19,393	19,479	77.0	76.8	76.9	77.0
Leisure and hospitality	8,356	8,657	8,665	8,673	53.0	52.4	52.3	52.3
Other services	3,043	3,139	3,148	3,163	53.5	53.7	53.8	53.9
Government	12,867	13,190	13,228	13,277	58.2	58.4	58.4	58.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)
Total private	106,194	108,313	108,508	108,650
Goods-producing	15,190	15,446	15,449	15,473
Mining and logging	458	483	490	492
Construction	5,726	5,826	5,829	5,842
Manufacturing	9,006	9,137	9,130	9,139
Durable goods	5,513	5,620	5,619	5,631
Nondurable goods	3,493	3,517	3,511	3,508
Private service-providing	91,004	92,867	93,059	93,177
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,198	24,349	24,373	24,351
Wholesale trade	4,745.9	4,788.3	4,786.7	4,770.6
Retail trade	13,179.7	13,235.8	13,255.8	13,246.3
Transportation and warehousing	5,830.2	5,882.0	5,886.7	5,891.1
Utilities	442.6	443.2	443.4	442.6
Information	2,457	2,472	2,474	2,472
Financial activities	6,807	6,855	6,856	6,865
Professional and business services	18,075	18,229	18,259	18,278
Private education and health services	21,121	21,871	21,946	22,018
Leisure and hospitality	13,734	14,350	14,402	14,433
Other services	4,612	4,741	4,749	4,760
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.1	33.8	33.8	33.8
Goods-producing	40.6	40.5	40.5	40.6
Mining and logging	48.2	47.4	48.0	47.5
Construction	39.4	39.5	39.5	39.7
Manufacturing	41.0	40.7	40.7	40.7
Durable goods	41.4	41.0	41.1	41.2
Nondurable goods	40.5	40.3	40.2	40.0
Private service-providing	33.0	32.7	32.7	32.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.2	33.9	33.8	34.0
Wholesale trade	39.0	38.9	38.8	39.2
Retail trade	30.5	30.2	30.1	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	37.8	37.5	37.5	37.5
Utilities	43.0	42.6	42.6	42.3
Information	36.4	35.9	35.6	35.5
Financial activities	37.4	37.1	37.2	37.1
Professional and business services	36.3	36.3	36.3	36.3
Private education and health services	32.7	32.6	32.6	32.6
Leisure and hospitality	24.6	24.2	24.2	24.2
Other services	31.2	31.2	31.3	31.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.0	3.6	3.6	3.7
Durable goods	4.2	3.8	3.8	3.9
Nondurable goods	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)
Total private	$27.53	$28.61	$28.72	$28.83	$938.77	$967.02	$970.74	$974.45
Goods-producing	27.92	29.23	29.33	29.55	1,133.55	1,183.82	1,187.87	1,199.73
Mining and logging	32.63	34.06	34.30	34.45	1,572.77	1,614.44	1,646.40	1,636.38
Construction	32.26	33.90	33.99	34.09	1,271.04	1,339.05	1,342.61	1,353.37
Manufacturing	25.00	26.04	26.14	26.41	1,025.00	1,059.83	1,063.90	1,074.89
Durable goods	26.19	27.22	27.32	27.58	1,084.27	1,116.02	1,122.85	1,136.30
Nondurable goods	23.08	24.12	24.21	24.47	934.74	972.04	973.24	978.80
Private service-providing	27.44	28.49	28.59	28.69	905.52	931.62	934.89	938.16
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23.93	25.03	25.10	25.17	818.41	848.52	848.38	855.78
Wholesale trade	29.13	30.24	30.32	30.49	1,136.07	1,176.34	1,176.42	1,195.21
Retail trade	19.54	20.37	20.40	20.48	595.97	615.17	614.04	620.54
Transportation and warehousing	25.98	27.45	27.57	27.55	982.04	1,029.38	1,033.88	1,033.13
Utilities	42.21	44.17	44.30	44.40	1,815.03	1,881.64	1,887.18	1,878.12
Information	37.75	39.25	39.49	39.46	1,374.10	1,409.08	1,405.84	1,400.83
Financial activities	32.30	33.37	33.59	33.82	1,208.02	1,238.03	1,249.55	1,254.72
Professional and business services	32.49	33.95	34.05	34.14	1,179.39	1,232.39	1,236.02	1,239.28
Private education and health services	28.97	29.83	29.92	30.04	947.32	972.46	975.39	979.30
Leisure and hospitality	17.85	18.54	18.68	18.77	439.11	448.67	452.06	454.23
Other services	24.82	25.34	25.47	25.59	774.38	790.61	797.21	800.97
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)	Percent change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)	June 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	June 2023(p)	Percent change from: May 2023 - June 2023(p)
Total private	120.7	122.0	122.2	122.4	0.2	222.0	233.3	234.6	235.8	0.5
Goods-producing	94.2	95.6	95.6	96.0	0.4	161.1	171.1	171.7	173.7	1.2
Mining and logging	117.3	121.7	125.0	124.2	-0.6	222.6	241.0	249.3	248.8	-0.2
Construction	113.0	115.2	115.3	116.1	0.7	196.8	210.9	211.6	213.8	1.0
Manufacturing	84.8	85.4	85.3	85.4	0.1	138.6	145.4	145.8	147.5	1.2
Durable goods	85.7	86.6	86.8	87.2	0.5	140.2	147.1	148.0	150.1	1.4
Nondurable goods	83.4	83.5	83.2	82.7	-0.6	135.9	142.3	142.3	143.0	0.5
Private service-providing	128.0	129.4	129.7	129.8	0.1	240.8	252.8	254.3	255.5	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.8	115.5	115.3	115.9	0.5	198.1	206.7	206.9	208.5	0.8
Wholesale trade	109.8	110.5	110.2	111.0	0.7	188.9	197.3	197.2	199.7	1.3
Retail trade	101.9	101.3	101.2	101.8	0.6	170.8	177.0	177.0	178.7	1.0
Transportation and warehousing	166.8	166.9	167.1	167.2	0.1	275.8	291.7	293.2	293.2	0.0
Utilities	97.3	96.6	96.6	95.7	-0.9	171.5	178.0	178.6	177.4	-0.7
Information	102.1	101.3	100.5	100.2	-0.3	190.8	196.8	196.5	195.7	-0.4
Financial activities	119.8	119.7	120.0	119.9	-0.1	238.1	245.7	248.1	249.4	0.5
Professional and business services	146.5	147.7	148.0	148.1	0.1	283.0	298.3	299.7	300.8	0.4
Private education and health services	147.3	152.0	152.5	153.0	0.3	281.6	299.3	301.2	303.4	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	123.8	127.2	127.7	127.9	0.2	250.9	267.8	270.8	272.7	0.7
Other services	100.9	103.7	104.2	104.5	0.3	182.5	191.5	193.5	194.8	0.7
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.