Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-1049
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release
http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, August 1, 2008.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JULY 2008
The unemployment rate rose to 5.7 percent, and nonfarm payroll employment
continued to trend down in July (-51,000), the Bureau of Labor Statistics of
the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Employment continued to fall in
construction, manufacturing, and several service-providing industries, while
health care and mining continued to add jobs. Average hourly earnings rose by
6 cents, or 0.3 percent, over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons (8.8 million) and the unemployment rate
(5.7 percent) rose in July. Over the past 12 months, the number of unemployed
persons has increased by 1.6 million, and the unemployment rate has risen by 1.0
percentage point. (See table A-1.)
Over the month, the unemployment rates for adult men (5.3 percent) and whites
(5.1 percent) edged up while the rates for adult women (4.6 percent), blacks (9.7
percent), and Hispanics (7.4 percent) were little changed. The jobless rate for
teenagers increased to 20.3 percent in July. The unemployment rate for Asians was
4.0 percent in July, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of reentrants to the labor force in July
rose by 207,000 to 2.7 million. The number has increased by 623,000 over the
past 12 months. The number of unemployed persons who had lost their last job
was about unchanged over the month at 4.4 million, but has risen by 778,000
over the year. (See table A-8.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
The civilian labor force, at 154.6 million, was little changed in July,
and the labor force participation rate remained at 66.1 percent. Total
employment, at 145.8 million, was about the same as in June. The employ-
ment-population ratio, at 62.4 percent in July, was the same as in the
prior month but was down from its most recent high of 63.4 percent in
December 2006. (See table A-1.)
In July, the number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons
rose by 308,000 to 5.7 million and has risen by 1.4 million over the past 12
months. This category includes persons who indicated that they would like
to work full time but were working part time because their hours had been cut
back or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.)
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
_______________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data | June-
Category |_________________|__________________________| July
| | | | | | change
| I | II | May | June | July |
| 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 |
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Civilian labor force ....| 153,661| 154,294| 154,534| 154,390| 154,603| 213
Employment ............| 146,070| 146,089| 146,046| 145,891| 145,819| -72
Unemployment ..........| 7,591| 8,204| 8,487| 8,499| 8,784| 285
Not in labor force ......| 79,146| 79,117| 78,871| 79,237| 79,261| 24
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Unemployment rates
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
All workers .............| 4.9| 5.3| 5.5| 5.5| 5.7| 0.2
Adult men .............| 4.4| 4.9| 4.9| 5.1| 5.3| .2
Adult women ...........| 4.3| 4.6| 4.8| 4.7| 4.6| -.1
Teenagers .............| 16.8| 17.4| 18.7| 18.1| 20.3| 2.2
White .................| 4.4| 4.7| 4.9| 4.9| 5.1| .2
Black or African | | | | | |
American ............| 8.8| 9.1| 9.7| 9.2| 9.7| .5
Hispanic or Latino | | | | | |
ethnicity ...........| 6.5| 7.2| 6.9| 7.7| 7.4| -.3
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Nonfarm employment.......| 137,917|p137,716| 137,717|p137,666|p137,615| p-51
Goods-producing (1)....| 21,820| p21,568| 21,577| p21,500| p21,454| p-46
Construction ........| 7,384| p7,242| 7,246| p7,197| p7,175| p-22
Manufacturing .......| 13,690| p13,566| 13,571| p13,536| p13,501| p-35
Service-providing (1)..| 116,097|p116,147| 116,140|p116,166|p116,161| p-5
Retail trade (2)...| 15,434| p15,338| 15,332| p15,326| p15,309| p-17
Professional and | | | | | |
business services .| 18,063| p17,985| 17,982| p17,943| p17,919| p-24
Education and health | | | | | |
services ..........| 18,664| p18,817| 18,820| p18,875| p18,914| p39
Leisure and | | | | | |
hospitality .......| 13,660| p13,685| 13,679| p13,686| p13,687| p1
Government ..........| 22,358| p22,450| 22,453| p22,496| p22,521| p25
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Hours of work (3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 33.7| p33.7| 33.7| p33.7| p33.6| p-0.1
Manufacturing .........| 41.1| p41.0| 41.0| p41.0| p41.0| p.0
Overtime ............| 4.0| p3.9| 3.9| p3.8| p3.8| p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 107.4| p107.2| 107.1| p107.0| p106.6| p-0.4
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Earnings (3)
|_____________________________________________________
Average hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| $17.81| p$17.95| $17.95| p$18.00| p$18.06| p$0.06
Average weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| 600.80| p605.40| 604.92| p606.60| p606.82| p.22
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using
unrounded data.
3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.
p = preliminary.
- 3 -
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally at-
tached to the labor force in July, an increase of 197,000 over the past 12
months. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked
for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed
because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
Among the marginally attached, there were 461,000 discouraged workers in July,
94,000 more than a year earlier. Discouraged workers were not currently look-
ing for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them.
The other 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in July had
not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as
school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend down (-51,000) in July.
Thus far in 2008, payroll employment has fallen by 463,000. Over the month,
employment continued to decline in manufacturing, construction, employment ser-
vices, wholesale trade, and the information industry. Health care and mining
continued to add jobs over the month. (See table B-1.)
Manufacturing employment fell by 35,000 in July, bringing losses over the past
12 months to 383,000. Over the month, job losses were widespread with notable de-
clines in transportation equipment (-8,000), wood products (-4,000), and textile
mills (-3,000). Machinery added 6,000 jobs over the month.
Employment in construction was down by 22,000 in July. Construction has shed
557,000 jobs since its September 2006 employment peak, with nearly three-quarters
of the decline occurring since October 2007. Nearly all of the July employment
decrease came among specialty trade contractors (-20,000), with both the residen-
tial and nonresidential components contributing to the decline.
Within professional and business services, employment services lost 34,000 jobs
in July, with nearly all of the decline in temporary help services (-29,000). Since
January 2008, employment in temporary help services has declined by 185,000. Com-
puter systems design and related services added 7,000 jobs in July.
Wholesale trade employment decreased by 17,000 over the month, with declines in
both the durable and nondurable components. Since its peak in November 2007, whole-
sale trade has lost 57,000 jobs.
Employment in the information industry declined by 13,000 in July and by 44,000
over the past 12 months. Telecommunications lost 5,000 jobs in July.
Over the month, employment in retail trade continued to trend down. Since its
peak in March 2007, retail trade has lost 211,000 jobs. Employment in motor vehi-
cle and parts dealers fell by 11,000 in July, bringing declines in that industry to
35,000 since January 2008.
- 4 -
Employment in health care continued to increase with a gain of 33,000 in July.
This industry has added 368,000 jobs over the past 12 months. In July, there were
job gains of 21,000 in ambulatory health care services and 10,000 in hospitals.
In July, employment continued to grow in mining (10,000). Mining employment has
expanded by 222,000, or 45 percent, since reaching a low in April 2003. Most of this
increase has occurred in oil and gas extraction and in support activities for this
industry.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
In July, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on pri-
vate nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the
manufacturing workweek and factory overtime were unchanged over the month at 41.0 and
3.8 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on
nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.4 percent in July to 106.6 (2002=100). The manufacturing
index decreased by 0.1 percent to 91.6. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
In July, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on pri-
vate nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $18.06, seasonally adjusted.
This followed gains of 6 cents in May and 5 cents in June. Average weekly earnings,
at $606.82, were about unchanged in July. Over the past 12 months, average hourly
earnings increased by 3.4 percent and average weekly earnings rose by 2.8 percent.
(See tables B-3 and B-4.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for August 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday,
September 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
- 5 -
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The estab-
lishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea-
surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is
statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for
a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.
However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establish-
ment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the
establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of
employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the
legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include
at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many
are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about
whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these ques-
tions show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor
force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force from 2000
to 2007.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the
time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey
revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the
survey. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark
revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts
available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps
to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.
gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes
the self-employed?
While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household
survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These
estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.
- 6 -
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment esti-
mate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to
achieve that goal.
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs
impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net
impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into
the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its
appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of
households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and
available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary
layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no
requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the
monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force
who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of
labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially
counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news
release.
- 7 -
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households con-
ducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours,
and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS
in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses
and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites.
The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The
sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calen-
dar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey,
the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not
correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work
and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household
is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their
jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or
personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those
not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemploy-
ment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor
force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the
employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
- 8 -
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm
businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay
for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons
are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private busi-
nesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and non-
supervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on
the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the
North American Industry Classification System.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important dis-
tinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid
family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are
excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The
establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The
establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals
are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment
survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than
one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of
employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the
opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-
month changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics
from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as de-
clines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place rela-
tive to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has
risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in pre-
vious years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow
for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
- 9 -
Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or
more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data
are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of con-
fidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are
generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment
from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the
estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The
90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to
530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are
off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes
values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in
fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then
all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero.
In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had,
in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for
the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower stan-
dard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the
data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal
adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
- 10 -
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a seg-
ment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or pro-
cessing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are
based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly esti-
mate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inabil-
ity to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two
components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business
deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-
based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out
of business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The
second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net
birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series
used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance uni-
verse micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths
over the past five years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on
a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative
records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-
based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision,
and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision
for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from less than 0.1 percent
to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 231,958 233,627 233,864 231,958 232,995 233,198 233,405 233,627 233,864
Civilian labor force....................... 154,871 155,582 156,300 153,182 153,784 153,957 154,534 154,390 154,603
Participation rate................... 66.8 66.6 66.8 66.0 66.0 66.0 66.2 66.1 66.1
Employed................................. 147,315 146,649 146,867 146,045 145,969 146,331 146,046 145,891 145,819
Employment-population ratio.......... 63.5 62.8 62.8 63.0 62.6 62.7 62.6 62.4 62.4
Unemployed............................... 7,556 8,933 9,433 7,137 7,815 7,626 8,487 8,499 8,784
Unemployment rate.................... 4.9 5.7 6.0 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7
Not in labor force......................... 77,087 78,045 77,564 78,776 79,211 79,241 78,871 79,237 79,261
Persons who currently want a job......... 4,900 5,374 5,213 4,773 4,730 4,755 4,766 4,888 4,997
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 112,222 113,029 113,154 112,222 112,695 112,803 112,912 113,029 113,154
Civilian labor force....................... 83,383 83,432 84,113 82,124 82,184 82,256 82,602 82,528 82,889
Participation rate................... 74.3 73.8 74.3 73.2 72.9 72.9 73.2 73.0 73.3
Employed................................. 79,542 78,614 78,991 78,237 77,948 78,038 77,954 77,794 77,823
Employment-population ratio.......... 70.9 69.6 69.8 69.7 69.2 69.2 69.0 68.8 68.8
Unemployed............................... 3,841 4,818 5,122 3,887 4,236 4,218 4,648 4,734 5,066
Unemployment rate.................... 4.6 5.8 6.1 4.7 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.7 6.1
Not in labor force......................... 28,839 29,597 29,040 30,098 30,511 30,547 30,310 30,502 30,264
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 103,598 104,371 104,490 103,598 104,052 104,152 104,258 104,371 104,490
Civilian labor force....................... 79,078 79,231 79,752 78,619 78,838 78,776 78,878 79,037 79,327
Participation rate................... 76.3 75.9 76.3 75.9 75.8 75.6 75.7 75.7 75.9
Employed................................. 75,947 75,402 75,643 75,324 75,197 75,148 75,001 74,998 75,094
Employment-population ratio.......... 73.3 72.2 72.4 72.7 72.3 72.2 71.9 71.9 71.9
Unemployed............................... 3,131 3,829 4,110 3,295 3,641 3,628 3,877 4,038 4,234
Unemployment rate.................... 4.0 4.8 5.2 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.3
Not in labor force......................... 24,521 25,139 24,738 24,979 25,214 25,376 25,380 25,334 25,163
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 119,736 120,598 120,710 119,736 120,300 120,396 120,493 120,598 120,710
Civilian labor force....................... 71,488 72,150 72,187 71,058 71,600 71,701 71,931 71,862 71,714
Participation rate................... 59.7 59.8 59.8 59.3 59.5 59.6 59.7 59.6 59.4
Employed................................. 67,773 68,035 67,876 67,808 68,021 68,293 68,092 68,097 67,996
Employment-population ratio.......... 56.6 56.4 56.2 56.6 56.5 56.7 56.5 56.5 56.3
Unemployed............................... 3,715 4,115 4,311 3,250 3,579 3,408 3,839 3,765 3,718
Unemployment rate.................... 5.2 5.7 6.0 4.6 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.2
Not in labor force......................... 48,248 48,448 48,523 48,679 48,700 48,694 48,562 48,735 48,996
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 111,367 112,183 112,290 111,367 111,902 111,990 112,083 112,183 112,290
Civilian labor force....................... 67,293 68,227 68,072 67,566 68,159 68,176 68,390 68,446 68,303
Participation rate................... 60.4 60.8 60.6 60.7 60.9 60.9 61.0 61.0 60.8
Employed................................. 64,184 64,904 64,526 64,792 65,055 65,260 65,138 65,238 65,167
Employment-population ratio.......... 57.6 57.9 57.5 58.2 58.1 58.3 58.1 58.2 58.0
Unemployed............................... 3,110 3,323 3,546 2,774 3,104 2,916 3,252 3,208 3,135
Unemployment rate.................... 4.6 4.9 5.2 4.1 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.6
Not in labor force......................... 44,073 43,956 44,218 43,801 43,743 43,814 43,693 43,737 43,988
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 16,993 17,073 17,084 16,993 17,041 17,056 17,064 17,073 17,084
Civilian labor force....................... 8,500 8,124 8,476 6,997 6,787 7,005 7,266 6,907 6,973
Participation rate................... 50.0 47.6 49.6 41.2 39.8 41.1 42.6 40.5 40.8
Employed................................. 7,184 6,343 6,698 5,930 5,717 5,923 5,907 5,655 5,558
Employment-population ratio.......... 42.3 37.1 39.2 34.9 33.5 34.7 34.6 33.1 32.5
Unemployed............................... 1,316 1,781 1,777 1,067 1,070 1,082 1,358 1,253 1,415
Unemployment rate.................... 15.5 21.9 21.0 15.3 15.8 15.4 18.7 18.1 20.3
Not in labor force......................... 8,493 8,950 8,608 9,996 10,254 10,051 9,798 10,166 10,110
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 188,312 189,428 189,587 188,312 189,019 189,147 189,281 189,428 189,587
Civilian labor force....................... 126,102 126,674 127,164 124,945 125,190 125,171 125,762 125,704 125,971
Participation rate..................... 67.0 66.9 67.1 66.3 66.2 66.2 66.4 66.4 66.4
Employed................................. 120,635 120,191 120,357 119,713 119,574 119,667 119,661 119,518 119,542
Employment-population ratio............ 64.1 63.4 63.5 63.6 63.3 63.3 63.2 63.1 63.1
Unemployed............................... 5,468 6,483 6,807 5,232 5,616 5,504 6,101 6,186 6,428
Unemployment rate...................... 4.3 5.1 5.4 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.1
Not in labor force......................... 62,210 62,753 62,422 63,368 63,829 63,975 63,519 63,724 63,616
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 65,424 65,578 66,010 65,200 65,342 65,183 65,392 65,402 65,789
Participation rate..................... 76.6 76.3 76.7 76.3 76.2 75.9 76.1 76.1 76.4
Employed................................. 63,122 62,803 63,055 62,736 62,665 62,507 62,491 62,447 62,695
Employment-population ratio............ 73.9 73.0 73.3 73.4 73.1 72.8 72.7 72.6 72.8
Unemployed............................... 2,302 2,775 2,956 2,464 2,677 2,676 2,901 2,955 3,094
Unemployment rate...................... 3.5 4.2 4.5 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 53,638 54,346 54,186 53,935 54,264 54,211 54,400 54,562 54,424
Participation rate..................... 59.7 60.2 59.9 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.3 60.4 60.2
Employed................................. 51,415 51,969 51,637 51,968 52,061 52,182 52,177 52,282 52,184
Employment-population ratio............ 57.2 57.5 57.1 57.9 57.7 57.8 57.8 57.9 57.7
Unemployed............................... 2,223 2,376 2,549 1,967 2,202 2,029 2,223 2,280 2,240
Unemployment rate...................... 4.1 4.4 4.7 3.6 4.1 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 7,040 6,750 6,968 5,809 5,584 5,777 5,971 5,740 5,758
Participation rate..................... 53.9 51.6 53.2 44.5 42.7 44.2 45.7 43.9 44.0
Employed................................. 6,098 5,419 5,665 5,009 4,848 4,978 4,993 4,789 4,664
Employment-population ratio............ 46.7 41.4 43.3 38.4 37.1 38.1 38.2 36.6 35.6
Unemployed............................... 942 1,332 1,303 800 736 799 978 951 1,094
Unemployment rate...................... 13.4 19.7 18.7 13.8 13.2 13.8 16.4 16.6 19.0
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 27,498 27,816 27,854 27,498 27,709 27,746 27,780 27,816 27,854
Civilian labor force....................... 17,895 17,926 18,097 17,593 17,702 17,753 17,742 17,716 17,767
Participation rate..................... 65.1 64.4 65.0 64.0 63.9 64.0 63.9 63.7 63.8
Employed................................. 16,307 16,165 16,132 16,172 16,116 16,234 16,029 16,085 16,040
Employment-population ratio............ 59.3 58.1 57.9 58.8 58.2 58.5 57.7 57.8 57.6
Unemployed............................... 1,588 1,760 1,965 1,421 1,586 1,520 1,713 1,632 1,726
Unemployment rate...................... 8.9 9.8 10.9 8.1 9.0 8.6 9.7 9.2 9.7
Not in labor force......................... 9,603 9,891 9,757 9,905 10,007 9,992 10,038 10,100 10,088
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,039 8,051 8,067 7,960 7,922 7,945 7,909 7,997 7,979
Participation rate..................... 72.7 72.0 72.0 72.0 71.2 71.3 70.8 71.5 71.3
Employed................................. 7,423 7,292 7,223 7,359 7,255 7,278 7,202 7,254 7,184
Employment-population ratio............ 67.1 65.2 64.5 66.5 65.2 65.3 64.5 64.9 64.2
Unemployed............................... 617 760 844 601 667 667 707 742 795
Unemployment rate...................... 7.7 9.4 10.5 7.6 8.4 8.4 8.9 9.3 10.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,896 8,987 9,019 8,867 9,016 9,038 9,008 8,973 8,985
Participation rate..................... 64.5 64.4 64.5 64.3 64.8 64.9 64.6 64.3 64.3
Employed................................. 8,217 8,300 8,267 8,254 8,336 8,374 8,268 8,305 8,311
Employment-population ratio............ 59.6 59.5 59.1 59.8 59.9 60.1 59.3 59.5 59.5
Unemployed............................... 679 687 752 613 680 664 740 668 674
Unemployment rate...................... 7.6 7.6 8.3 6.9 7.5 7.4 8.2 7.4 7.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 960 887 1,011 765 764 771 825 747 802
Participation rate..................... 36.3 33.1 37.7 28.9 28.7 28.9 30.9 27.9 30.0
Employed................................. 667 573 642 558 525 582 558 525 545
Employment-population ratio............ 25.2 21.4 24.0 21.1 19.7 21.8 20.9 19.6 20.4
Unemployed............................... 292 314 369 206 239 189 266 221 257
Unemployment rate...................... 30.5 35.4 36.5 27.0 31.3 24.5 32.3 29.6 32.0
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 10,640 10,728 10,802 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Civilian labor force....................... 7,161 7,231 7,326 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 67.3 67.4 67.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 6,949 6,903 7,030 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 65.3 64.3 65.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 212 328 296 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 3.0 4.5 4.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Not in labor force......................... 3,479 3,498 3,476 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 31,423 32,087 32,179 31,423 31,820 31,911 31,998 32,087 32,179
Civilian labor force....................... 21,752 22,184 22,193 21,613 21,775 21,917 22,102 22,131 22,071
Participation rate..................... 69.2 69.1 69.0 68.8 68.4 68.7 69.1 69.0 68.6
Employed................................. 20,454 20,499 20,505 20,345 20,269 20,404 20,573 20,420 20,435
Employment-population ratio............ 65.1 63.9 63.7 64.7 63.7 63.9 64.3 63.6 63.5
Unemployed............................... 1,298 1,684 1,688 1,269 1,507 1,512 1,529 1,711 1,636
Unemployment rate...................... 6.0 7.6 7.6 5.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.7 7.4
Not in labor force......................... 9,670 9,904 9,986 9,809 10,045 9,994 9,896 9,956 10,108
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 12,419 12,632 12,661 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 84.7 84.5 84.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 11,931 11,849 11,937 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 81.3 79.3 79.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 488 783 725 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 3.9 6.2 5.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,170 8,286 8,268 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 59.2 58.7 58.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 7,598 7,680 7,650 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 55.0 54.5 54.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 572 606 618 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 7.0 7.3 7.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 1,163 1,266 1,264 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 39.5 41.7 41.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 926 970 919 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 31.4 32.0 30.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 238 296 345 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 20.4 23.4 27.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force......................... 11,865 12,422 11,877 12,154 12,058 12,095 12,119 12,178 12,168
Participation rate....................... 46.7 46.8 46.6 47.8 46.0 45.5 45.4 45.9 47.8
Employed................................... 11,045 11,424 10,897 11,281 11,071 11,157 11,118 11,117 11,135
Employment-population ratio.............. 43.5 43.0 42.8 44.4 42.3 42.0 41.6 41.9 43.7
Unemployed................................. 821 998 980 874 986 938 1,001 1,061 1,033
Unemployment rate........................ 6.9 8.0 8.3 7.2 8.2 7.8 8.3 8.7 8.5
High school graduates, no college (1)
Civilian labor force......................... 37,798 37,875 38,248 38,473 37,952 37,926 38,323 38,170 38,872
Participation rate....................... 62.2 62.3 62.5 63.3 62.3 62.6 62.8 62.8 63.5
Employed................................... 36,093 36,031 36,211 36,758 36,016 36,032 36,349 36,233 36,854
Employment-population ratio.............. 59.4 59.3 59.2 60.5 59.1 59.5 59.5 59.6 60.2
Unemployed................................. 1,705 1,844 2,037 1,714 1,936 1,894 1,974 1,937 2,018
Unemployment rate........................ 4.5 4.9 5.3 4.5 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force......................... 36,574 36,692 36,791 36,137 36,548 36,688 36,791 36,824 36,444
Participation rate....................... 72.0 71.7 71.7 71.1 72.1 72.2 72.4 71.9 71.1
Employed................................... 35,221 35,117 35,035 34,848 35,142 35,271 35,219 35,264 34,813
Employment-population ratio.............. 69.3 68.6 68.3 68.6 69.3 69.4 69.3 68.9 67.9
Unemployed................................. 1,353 1,575 1,756 1,288 1,405 1,417 1,572 1,559 1,631
Unemployment rate........................ 3.7 4.3 4.8 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.5
Bachelor's degree and higher (2)
Civilian labor force......................... 44,295 44,677 44,955 44,452 45,459 45,309 44,566 44,993 45,071
Participation rate....................... 77.0 77.5 77.0 77.3 78.6 78.4 77.7 78.1 77.2
Employed................................... 43,239 43,611 43,703 43,512 44,501 44,376 43,588 43,964 43,993
Employment-population ratio.............. 75.2 75.7 74.8 75.7 77.0 76.8 76.0 76.3 75.3
Unemployed................................. 1,056 1,066 1,252 941 958 933 978 1,029 1,078
Unemployment rate........................ 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries........... 2,242 2,331 2,372 1,997 2,192 2,109 2,122 2,137 2,123
Wage and salary workers.................... 1,328 1,401 1,444 1,145 1,331 1,244 1,241 1,244 1,258
Self-employed workers...................... 872 876 894 825 849 839 849 840 844
Unpaid family workers...................... 41 53 35 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Nonagricultural industries................... 145,073 144,319 144,495 144,096 143,796 144,258 143,898 143,650 143,589
Wage and salary workers.................... 135,111 134,573 134,662 134,329 134,411 134,761 134,385 134,132 133,951
Government............................... 20,468 20,955 20,509 21,023 21,262 21,333 21,263 21,186 21,098
Private industries....................... 114,643 113,618 114,153 113,327 113,142 113,394 113,116 113,001 112,956
Private households..................... 856 862 873 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Other industries....................... 113,787 112,756 113,280 112,533 112,383 112,650 112,315 112,155 112,157
Self-employed workers...................... 9,830 9,625 9,727 9,648 9,224 9,355 9,384 9,430 9,518
Unpaid family workers...................... 132 120 106 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,516 5,697 6,054 4,332 4,914 5,220 5,233 5,416 5,724
Slack work or business conditions........ 2,693 3,806 4,174 2,751 3,323 3,558 3,595 3,816 4,194
Could only find part-time work........... 1,402 1,532 1,481 1,210 1,362 1,323 1,281 1,336 1,286
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 17,955 18,424 17,442 19,957 19,409 19,809 19,428 19,496 19,406
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,456 5,608 5,947 4,259 4,797 5,125 5,164 5,308 5,599
Slack work or business conditions........ 2,653 3,749 4,111 2,711 3,238 3,513 3,531 3,744 4,156
Could only find part-time work........... 1,390 1,513 1,469 1,205 1,354 1,331 1,288 1,328 1,277
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 17,559 18,038 17,080 19,569 19,072 19,456 19,047 19,106 19,051
1 Data not available.
2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as
vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked
only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 147,315 146,649 146,867 146,045 145,969 146,331 146,046 145,891 145,819
16 to 19 years............................. 7,184 6,343 6,698 5,930 5,717 5,923 5,907 5,655 5,558
16 to 17 years........................... 2,853 2,212 2,445 2,289 2,125 2,072 2,040 1,966 1,974
18 to 19 years........................... 4,331 4,130 4,253 3,687 3,578 3,847 3,807 3,678 3,619
20 years and over.......................... 140,131 140,307 140,169 140,116 140,252 140,408 140,139 140,236 140,261
20 to 24 years........................... 14,533 14,123 14,323 13,913 13,657 13,761 13,704 13,720 13,724
25 years and over........................ 125,598 126,183 125,846 126,311 126,574 126,595 126,394 126,565 126,611
25 to 54 years......................... 99,912 99,597 99,215 100,350 99,948 99,964 99,774 99,813 99,733
25 to 34 years....................... 31,689 31,540 31,465 31,673 31,581 31,639 31,545 31,488 31,468
35 to 44 years....................... 33,937 33,553 33,371 34,146 33,783 33,740 33,701 33,692 33,613
45 to 54 years....................... 34,286 34,504 34,379 34,531 34,585 34,586 34,528 34,634 34,651
55 years and over...................... 25,686 26,586 26,631 25,961 26,626 26,631 26,620 26,751 26,879
Men, 16 years and over....................... 79,542 78,614 78,991 78,237 77,948 78,038 77,954 77,794 77,823
16 to 19 years............................. 3,595 3,212 3,348 2,914 2,751 2,890 2,953 2,795 2,729
16 to 17 years........................... 1,439 1,106 1,215 1,106 971 937 990 938 931
18 to 19 years........................... 2,156 2,106 2,133 1,812 1,780 1,948 1,946 1,879 1,799
20 years and over.......................... 75,947 75,402 75,643 75,324 75,197 75,148 75,001 74,998 75,094
20 to 24 years........................... 7,826 7,450 7,598 7,373 7,268 7,299 7,250 7,202 7,179
25 years and over........................ 68,121 67,952 68,045 67,986 67,938 67,809 67,742 67,832 67,952
25 to 54 years......................... 54,430 53,714 53,755 54,253 53,847 53,678 53,652 53,605 53,643
25 to 34 years....................... 17,706 17,367 17,370 17,558 17,255 17,321 17,309 17,298 17,245
35 to 44 years....................... 18,607 18,154 18,147 18,556 18,359 18,180 18,147 18,133 18,122
45 to 54 years....................... 18,117 18,193 18,237 18,139 18,233 18,177 18,196 18,174 18,276
55 years and over...................... 13,691 14,238 14,290 13,732 14,091 14,131 14,091 14,227 14,309
Women, 16 years and over..................... 67,773 68,035 67,876 67,808 68,021 68,293 68,092 68,097 67,996
16 to 19 years............................. 3,589 3,131 3,350 3,016 2,966 3,033 2,954 2,859 2,829
16 to 17 years........................... 1,414 1,106 1,230 1,184 1,154 1,136 1,050 1,028 1,043
18 to 19 years........................... 2,175 2,025 2,119 1,875 1,798 1,899 1,861 1,799 1,820
20 years and over.......................... 64,184 64,904 64,526 64,792 65,055 65,260 65,138 65,238 65,167
20 to 24 years........................... 6,707 6,673 6,725 6,541 6,389 6,463 6,454 6,518 6,544
25 years and over........................ 57,477 58,231 57,802 58,325 58,636 58,786 58,652 58,733 58,660
25 to 54 years......................... 45,481 45,883 45,460 46,097 46,101 46,286 46,122 46,208 46,090
25 to 34 years....................... 13,983 14,173 14,095 14,115 14,326 14,318 14,236 14,190 14,224
35 to 44 years....................... 15,329 15,400 15,224 15,590 15,423 15,559 15,555 15,559 15,491
45 to 54 years....................... 16,169 16,311 16,142 16,391 16,352 16,409 16,332 16,459 16,376
55 years and over...................... 11,995 12,348 12,341 12,228 12,535 12,500 12,529 12,525 12,570
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 46,211 45,897 46,034 46,307 45,961 45,964 45,862 45,911 46,120
Married women, spouse present................ 35,286 35,940 35,571 35,938 35,749 36,177 36,171 36,270 36,185
Women who maintain families.................. 9,431 9,007 8,877 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (2)........................ 123,219 121,845 122,378 121,161 121,231 120,856 120,989 120,542 120,537
Part-time workers (3)........................ 24,096 24,804 24,489 25,026 24,691 25,245 24,970 25,419 25,431
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders.................... 7,636 7,694 7,743 7,648 7,449 7,644 7,679 7,794 7,757
Percent of total employed................ 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3
1 Data not available.
2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1)
(in thousands)
Characteristic
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 7,137 8,499 8,784 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7
16 to 19 years............................. 1,067 1,253 1,415 15.3 15.8 15.4 18.7 18.1 20.3
16 to 17 years........................... 469 596 654 17.0 18.6 19.7 21.2 23.3 24.9
18 to 19 years........................... 600 678 759 14.0 14.0 13.2 17.5 15.6 17.3
20 years and over.......................... 6,069 7,247 7,369 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.9 5.0
20 to 24 years........................... 1,291 1,535 1,567 8.5 9.3 8.9 10.4 10.1 10.2
25 years and over........................ 4,841 5,639 5,848 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.4
25 to 54 years......................... 3,972 4,704 4,826 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6
25 to 34 years....................... 1,527 1,798 1,862 4.6 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6
35 to 44 years....................... 1,327 1,545 1,614 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.6
45 to 54 years....................... 1,117 1,361 1,349 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7
55 years and over...................... 857 919 1,014 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.6
Men, 16 years and over....................... 3,887 4,734 5,066 4.7 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.7 6.1
16 to 19 years............................. 592 695 833 16.9 17.8 16.9 20.7 19.9 23.4
16 to 17 years........................... 264 333 387 19.3 22.0 22.2 23.3 26.2 29.4
18 to 19 years........................... 330 387 447 15.4 15.2 14.5 19.6 17.1 19.9
20 years and over.......................... 3,295 4,038 4,234 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.3
20 to 24 years........................... 749 904 940 9.2 10.3 9.9 11.0 11.2 11.6
25 years and over........................ 2,568 3,072 3,308 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.6
25 to 54 years......................... 2,086 2,574 2,759 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.9
25 to 34 years....................... 801 986 1,114 4.4 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.4 6.1
35 to 44 years....................... 689 863 925 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.5 4.9
45 to 54 years....................... 596 725 720 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8
55 years and over...................... 482 497 549 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.7
Women, 16 years and over..................... 3,250 3,765 3,718 4.6 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.2
16 to 19 years............................. 476 557 583 13.6 13.8 14.0 16.6 16.3 17.1
16 to 17 years........................... 205 262 267 14.8 15.5 17.5 19.0 20.3 20.4
18 to 19 years........................... 270 292 312 12.6 12.8 11.8 15.2 13.9 14.6
20 years and over.......................... 2,774 3,208 3,135 4.1 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.6
20 to 24 years........................... 542 631 627 7.7 8.1 7.7 9.6 8.8 8.7
25 years and over........................ 2,273 2,567 2,540 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2
25 to 54 years......................... 1,885 2,130 2,067 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.3
25 to 34 years....................... 726 812 749 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.0
35 to 44 years....................... 638 682 689 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.4 4.2 4.3
45 to 54 years....................... 521 636 629 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.7
55 years and over (2).................. 434 439 550 3.5 3.4 2.8 2.8 3.4 4.3
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 1,267 1,426 1,523 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2
Married women, spouse present................ 1,061 1,256 1,240 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3
Women who maintain families (2).............. 687 768 820 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.9 7.9 8.5
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (3)........................ 5,869 7,050 7,327 4.6 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7
Part-time workers (4)........................ 1,334 1,442 1,486 5.1 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.4 5.5
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Not seasonally adjusted.
3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff
from full-time jobs.
4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on
layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs.............................. 3,730 4,201 4,562 3,629 4,154 4,014 4,282 4,370 4,407
On temporary layoff........................ 1,090 949 1,134 983 1,056 1,099 1,113 1,077 1,037
Not on temporary layoff.................... 2,640 3,252 3,428 2,646 3,098 2,915 3,169 3,292 3,370
Permanent job losers..................... 1,861 2,341 2,512 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs..... 779 912 916 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers.................................. 856 818 904 823 781 850 870 833 861
Reentrants................................... 2,141 2,778 2,825 2,082 2,117 2,134 2,460 2,498 2,705
New entrants................................. 829 1,136 1,142 602 681 624 828 748 811
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 49.4 47.0 48.4 50.8 53.7 52.7 50.7 51.7 50.2
On temporary layoff....................... 14.4 10.6 12.0 13.8 13.7 14.4 13.2 12.7 11.8
Not on temporary layoff................... 34.9 36.4 36.3 37.1 40.1 38.2 37.5 39.0 38.4
Job leavers................................. 11.3 9.2 9.6 11.5 10.1 11.2 10.3 9.9 9.8
Reentrants.................................. 28.3 31.1 29.9 29.2 27.4 28.0 29.1 29.6 30.8
New entrants................................ 11.0 12.7 12.1 8.4 8.8 8.2 9.8 8.9 9.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9
Job leavers................................. .6 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6
Reentrants.................................. 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7
New entrants................................ .5 .7 .7 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5
1 Data not available.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks...................................... 2,731 3,425 3,121 2,496 2,767 2,484 3,244 2,712 2,835
5 to 14 weeks.......................................... 2,557 2,719 3,291 2,220 2,525 2,495 2,469 2,999 2,823
15 weeks and over...................................... 2,269 2,790 3,021 2,402 2,400 2,626 2,773 2,916 3,118
15 to 26 weeks...................................... 988 1,261 1,360 1,091 1,118 1,272 1,223 1,328 1,440
27 weeks and over................................... 1,281 1,529 1,661 1,311 1,282 1,353 1,550 1,587 1,678
Average (mean) duration, in weeks...................... 16.3 15.9 16.3 17.3 16.2 16.9 16.6 17.5 17.1
Median duration, in weeks.............................. 8.0 7.5 8.9 8.9 8.1 9.3 8.3 10.0 9.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.................................... 36.1 38.3 33.1 35.1 36.0 32.7 38.2 31.4 32.3
5 to 14 weeks........................................ 33.8 30.4 34.9 31.2 32.8 32.8 29.1 34.8 32.2
15 weeks and over.................................... 30.0 31.2 32.0 33.7 31.2 34.5 32.7 33.8 35.5
15 to 26 weeks..................................... 13.1 14.1 14.4 15.3 14.5 16.7 14.4 15.4 16.4
27 weeks and over.................................. 17.0 17.1 17.6 18.4 16.7 17.8 18.3 18.4 19.1
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed rates
Occupation
July July July July July July
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 147,315 146,867 7,556 9,433 4.9 6.0
Management, professional, and related occupations...... 50,954 52,655 1,315 1,585 2.5 2.9
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations........................................... 21,696 22,596 385 593 1.7 2.6
Professional and related occupations................. 29,259 30,059 930 992 3.1 3.2
Service occupations.................................... 25,406 25,613 1,537 1,880 5.7 6.8
Sales and office occupations........................... 36,407 35,096 1,792 2,143 4.7 5.8
Sales and related occupations........................ 16,804 15,995 918 1,055 5.2 6.2
Office and administrative support occupations........ 19,604 19,102 874 1,088 4.3 5.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................... 16,214 15,399 902 1,240 5.3 7.5
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 1,081 1,085 57 93 5.0 7.9
Construction and extraction occupations.............. 9,785 9,086 649 864 6.2 8.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,348 5,227 195 283 3.5 5.1
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................... 18,334 18,104 1,176 1,407 6.0 7.2
Production occupations............................... 9,410 9,015 534 686 5.4 7.1
Transportation and material moving occupations....... 8,924 9,089 642 722 6.7 7.4
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
July July July July
2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1).................... 7,556 9,433 4.9 6.0
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........ 5,659 7,050 4.7 5.8
Mining............................................... 33 13 4.3 1.5
Construction......................................... 617 783 5.9 8.0
Manufacturing........................................ 621 908 3.7 5.5
Durable goods...................................... 374 607 3.6 5.7
Nondurable goods................................... 247 301 4.0 5.0
Wholesale and retail trade........................... 1,089 1,329 5.2 6.5
Transportation and utilities......................... 309 359 5.1 5.7
Information.......................................... 112 141 3.4 4.1
Financial activities................................. 307 350 3.1 3.6
Professional and business services................... 743 866 5.2 6.1
Education and health services........................ 665 776 3.5 3.9
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 920 1,172 7.3 8.8
Other services....................................... 243 352 3.8 5.2
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers 40 125 3.1 8.5
Government workers..................................... 704 770 3.3 3.6
Self employed and unpaid family workers................ 324 345 2.9 3.1
1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure
July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent
of the civilian labor force....................... 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.... 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian
labor force (official unemployment rate).......... 4.9 5.7 6.0 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers............................... 5.1 6.0 6.3 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.7 5.8 6.0
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus
all other marginally attached workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers....................... 5.7 6.7 7.0 5.5 5.9 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.6
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached
workers, plus total employed part time for
economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all marginally attached workers.. 8.6 10.3 10.8 8.3 9.1 9.2 9.7 9.9 10.3
NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those
who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS
introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Updated population
controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
July July July July July July
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force........................... 77,087 77,564 28,839 29,040 48,248 48,523
Persons who currently want a job...................... 4,900 5,213 2,141 2,251 2,758 2,961
Searched for work and available to work now (1)..... 1,376 1,573 751 810 624 764
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 367 461 231 301 135 160
Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 1,009 1,112 520 508 489 604
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,636 7,743 3,837 3,981 3,799 3,762
Percent of total employed.......................... 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.5
Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 3,996 4,149 2,167 2,267 1,829 1,882
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,732 1,783 551 622 1,181 1,161
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 367 335 234 209 133 126
Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,486 1,426 850 859 636 567
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p June 2008-
July 2008p
Total nonfarm......... 137,410 138,405 138,694 137,236 137,682 137,831 137,764 137,717 137,666 137,615 -51
Total private........... 116,464 115,578 116,234 115,929 115,512 115,454 115,363 115,264 115,170 115,094 -76
Goods-producing............. 22,607 21,634 21,832 21,784 22,242 21,737 21,628 21,577 21,500 21,454 -46
Natural resources and mining.... 740 761 778 793 726 750 752 760 767 778 11
Logging...................... 62.1 57.4 57.7 59.6 59.9 60.1 60.8 59.5 57.4 57.9 .5
Mining......................... 677.8 703.7 719.8 733.5 666.3 689.7 690.9 700.6 709.6 719.9 10.3
Oil and gas extraction........ 148.4 158.1 162.8 165.7 146.3 155.2 154.2 158.3 160.5 162.8 2.3
Mining, except oil and gas (1) 233.0 234.0 238.0 239.8 225.4 226.2 225.8 229.6 230.4 231.7 1.3
Coal mining.................. 78.2 80.3 81.4 81.5 77.4 79.2 79.3 80.5 80.8 80.7 -.1
Support activities for mining. 296.4 311.6 319.0 328.0 294.6 308.3 310.9 312.7 318.7 325.4 6.7
Construction.................... 7,941 7,306 7,425 7,459 7,632 7,343 7,284 7,246 7,197 7,175 -22
Construction of buildings..... 1,816.7 1,636.8 1,663.7 1,671.8 1,765.3 1,668.2 1,648.2 1,634.9 1,623.9 1,622.8 -1.1
Residential building......... 984.3 857.7 872.8 873.1 953.1 875.5 863.9 855.5 849.9 844.7 -5.2
Nonresidential building...... 832.4 779.1 790.9 798.7 812.2 792.7 784.3 779.4 774.0 778.1 4.1
Heavy and civil engineering
construction................. 1,063.9 991.4 1,011.4 1,016.7 1,002.3 976.9 967.4 965.3 959.9 958.6 -1.3
Specialty trade contractors... 5,060.3 4,677.9 4,749.6 4,770.6 4,863.9 4,697.5 4,668.0 4,645.6 4,613.3 4,593.6 -19.7
Residential specialty trade
contractors................. 2,417.7 2,114.2 2,151.7 2,158.7 2,315.7 2,137.5 2,117.1 2,094.7 2,078.2 2,069.3 -8.9
Nonresidential specialty
trade contractors........... 2,642.6 2,563.7 2,597.9 2,611.9 2,548.2 2,560.0 2,550.9 2,550.9 2,535.1 2,524.3 -10.8
Manufacturing................... 13,926 13,567 13,629 13,532 13,884 13,644 13,592 13,571 13,536 13,501 -35
Production workers........... 10,008 9,785 9,825 9,744 9,985 9,847 9,799 9,784 9,749 9,731 -18
Durable goods.................. 8,816 8,602 8,635 8,550 8,817 8,652 8,607 8,594 8,575 8,558 -17
Production workers........... 6,246 6,111 6,127 6,052 6,258 6,152 6,112 6,100 6,078 6,070 -8
Wood products................. 533.0 483.1 484.7 482.8 523.4 492.9 490.9 482.4 477.6 473.7 -3.9
Nonmetallic mineral products.. 516.4 486.4 490.5 488.6 504.4 487.7 486.3 482.1 479.6 477.5 -2.1
Primary metals................ 455.4 449.9 450.2 445.8 456.4 451.3 450.1 448.7 448.1 447.4 -.7
Fabricated metal products..... 1,566.4 1,542.1 1,545.7 1,537.9 1,564.2 1,556.9 1,544.1 1,544.2 1,539.2 1,537.4 -1.8
Machinery..................... 1,197.2 1,196.1 1,201.1 1,206.5 1,192.5 1,195.1 1,193.1 1,195.1 1,195.6 1,201.7 6.1
Computer and electronic
products (1)................. 1,275.4 1,248.9 1,252.4 1,249.6 1,268.3 1,254.1 1,253.8 1,250.1 1,246.1 1,243.6 -2.5
Computer and peripheral
equipment................... 187.1 186.0 185.9 186.7 186.2 186.0 186.7 186.2 184.3 185.6 1.3
Communications equipment..... 127.7 130.8 132.3 129.8 127.5 129.4 130.9 130.4 131.5 129.6 -1.9
Semiconductors and electronic
components.................. 447.5 424.5 424.4 424.6 443.7 428.7 426.7 424.2 422.1 421.9 -.2
Electronic instruments....... 445.4 444.8 446.4 445.5 443.1 446.2 445.7 445.6 444.6 443.4 -1.2
Electrical equipment and
appliances................... 429.2 421.5 425.0 425.2 427.7 419.9 421.5 422.1 422.7 423.5 .8
Transportation equipment (1).. 1,667.8 1,642.6 1,649.0 1,591.4 1,704.7 1,651.1 1,630.6 1,636.8 1,637.1 1,628.8 -8.3
Motor vehicles and parts (2). 952.9 914.4 916.5 864.4 991.7 927.3 908.6 908.4 908.3 905.3 -3.0
Furniture and related products 537.2 503.2 505.9 499.6 536.1 511.2 506.4 503.5 501.6 499.3 -2.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing... 637.8 628.5 630.0 622.5 639.5 632.0 630.2 629.1 627.0 624.9 -2.1
Nondurable goods............... 5,110 4,965 4,994 4,982 5,067 4,992 4,985 4,977 4,961 4,943 -18
Production workers........... 3,762 3,674 3,698 3,692 3,727 3,695 3,687 3,684 3,671 3,661 -10
Food manufacturing............ 1,514.5 1,455.1 1,476.4 1,490.1 1,488.8 1,477.0 1,473.8 1,473.5 1,471.8 1,467.6 -4.2
Beverages and tobacco products 202.2 192.7 196.6 198.7 197.0 190.8 193.3 193.7 193.0 193.0 .0
Textile mills................. 167.5 156.1 153.7 148.5 168.1 158.7 156.4 155.1 152.0 149.4 -2.6
Textile product mills......... 157.5 152.5 150.0 147.9 157.1 153.3 152.2 151.0 149.2 148.0 -1.2
Apparel....................... 212.9 197.7 199.1 194.8 212.8 198.1 198.0 196.6 195.5 194.4 -1.1
Leather and allied products... 32.5 34.1 34.8 32.8 33.1 33.5 33.9 33.7 34.3 33.4 -.9
Paper and paper products...... 462.1 457.3 459.0 458.8 459.8 457.9 458.4 458.1 456.8 456.6 -.2
Printing and related support
activities................... 624.1 608.2 604.7 598.7 623.3 614.2 611.7 607.3 601.7 598.5 -3.2
Petroleum and coal products... 115.6 115.3 116.9 118.1 112.5 112.2 112.2 113.4 114.0 114.6 .6
Chemicals..................... 868.3 861.5 867.3 865.0 862.5 860.5 861.3 861.6 861.3 859.2 -2.1
Plastics and rubber products.. 752.4 734.8 735.9 728.1 752.4 735.6 734.1 732.8 731.1 728.2 -2.9
Service-providing........... 114,803 116,771 116,862 115,452 115,440 116,094 116,136 116,140 116,166 116,161 -5
Private service-providing.. 93,857 93,944 94,402 94,145 93,270 93,717 93,735 93,687 93,670 93,640 -30
Trade, transportation, and
utilities...................... 26,610 26,396 26,478 26,367 26,617 26,552 26,496 26,451 26,436 26,397 -39
Wholesale trade................ 6,076.6 6,050.2 6,073.4 6,052.0 6,040.7 6,054.3 6,043.9 6,038.4 6,035.3 6,018.4 -16.9
Durable goods................. 3,159.9 3,112.4 3,123.2 3,115.0 3,140.2 3,127.8 3,118.1 3,109.8 3,105.4 3,097.3 -8.1
Nondurable goods.............. 2,082.7 2,096.8 2,103.5 2,092.0 2,069.2 2,087.5 2,086.9 2,089.3 2,088.0 2,078.7 -9.3
Electronic markets and agents
and brokers.................. 834.0 841.0 846.7 845.0 831.3 839.0 838.9 839.3 841.9 842.4 .5
Retail trade...................15,478.0 15,244.0 15,303.4 15,279.8 15,489.1 15,401.4 15,355.7 15,331.8 15,325.5 15,309.0 -16.5
Motor vehicle and parts
dealers (1).................. 1,929.2 1,906.1 1,903.6 1,890.1 1,911.9 1,901.5 1,897.6 1,892.9 1,885.6 1,875.0 -10.6
Automobile dealers........... 1,251.9 1,228.9 1,224.0 1,214.8 1,244.7 1,233.7 1,228.8 1,224.2 1,217.4 1,209.0 -8.4
Furniture and home furnishings
stores....................... 570.2 560.7 561.3 559.3 577.7 570.6 569.0 568.5 568.2 567.9 -.3
Electronics and appliance
stores....................... 536.3 529.2 527.6 527.2 545.0 535.0 534.7 539.3 535.8 536.9 1.1
Building material and garden
supply stores................ 1,351.1 1,307.1 1,296.5 1,273.0 1,307.3 1,250.8 1,240.5 1,240.3 1,236.1 1,230.6 -5.5
Food and beverage stores...... 2,862.6 2,877.7 2,897.1 2,895.1 2,847.1 2,890.1 2,882.4 2,880.7 2,881.6 2,882.3 .7
Health and personal care
stores....................... 982.8 987.0 993.2 982.8 985.6 993.9 993.4 990.9 990.7 988.6 -2.1
Gasoline stations............. 873.2 839.4 854.2 855.8 861.5 852.6 847.4 841.2 844.9 844.2 -.7
Clothing and clothing
accessories stores........... 1,499.4 1,446.4 1,463.1 1,495.1 1,496.7 1,498.9 1,495.4 1,494.5 1,496.2 1,496.9 .7
Sporting goods, hobby, book,
and music stores............. 639.4 636.7 632.7 624.7 660.5 658.6 651.5 653.2 651.1 648.2 -2.9
General merchandise stores (1) 2,939.4 2,866.1 2,894.7 2,898.3 2,987.0 2,943.9 2,939.0 2,928.5 2,939.3 2,943.2 3.9
Department stores............ 1,540.7 1,465.9 1,474.4 1,471.6 1,580.1 1,534.3 1,528.1 1,514.7 1,514.2 1,512.0 -2.2
Miscellaneous store retailers. 872.7 859.9 860.2 860.6 871.3 862.8 863.3 860.8 858.6 859.2 .6
Nonstore retailers............ 421.7 427.7 419.2 417.8 437.5 442.7 441.5 441.0 437.4 436.0 -1.4
Transportation and warehousing. 4,496.3 4,543.2 4,539.4 4,472.2 4,533.0 4,537.7 4,538.3 4,524.1 4,517.7 4,511.9 -5.8
Air transportation............ 496.0 502.1 502.6 500.3 493.4 507.5 504.5 501.3 499.4 498.5 -.9
Rail transportation........... 235.3 234.0 234.4 235.2 234.4 233.7 233.5 233.0 233.0 234.4 1.4
Water transportation.......... 67.6 61.9 64.0 63.4 65.0 61.6 62.3 61.3 61.8 61.1 -.7
Truck transportation.......... 1,454.0 1,413.0 1,418.7 1,409.4 1,437.4 1,420.4 1,415.2 1,409.8 1,399.2 1,394.1 -5.1
Transit and ground passenger
transportation............... 349.3 432.2 414.3 354.3 411.0 412.9 418.3 412.9 416.8 415.6 -1.2
Pipeline transportation....... 40.3 42.1 43.0 43.6 40.0 41.2 41.3 42.2 42.7 43.2 .5
Scenic and sightseeing
transportation............... 37.8 32.9 36.9 39.5 28.9 31.7 31.3 31.1 31.0 30.6 -.4
Support activities for
transportation............... 584.0 589.2 589.3 587.1 583.7 586.3 588.2 587.1 586.6 586.9 .3
Couriers and messengers....... 575.7 581.4 583.3 583.2 580.1 585.3 585.0 587.2 588.1 588.8 .7
Warehousing and storage....... 656.3 654.4 652.9 656.2 659.1 657.1 658.7 658.2 659.1 658.7 -.4
Utilities...................... 559.3 558.2 562.0 563.1 554.3 558.2 557.7 557.1 557.6 557.8 .2
Information..................... 3,041 3,011 3,022 2,993 3,027 3,013 3,007 3,002 2,996 2,983 -13
Publishing industries, except
Internet..................... 902.0 876.7 878.5 876.5 898.7 882.9 882.8 879.7 877.0 873.6 -3.4
Motion picture and sound
recording industries......... 386.3 388.2 396.8 381.8 377.9 383.0 382.5 380.9 380.2 375.5 -4.7
Broadcasting, except Internet. 326.0 321.4 320.2 320.5 325.1 322.5 320.8 321.2 319.8 320.2 .4
Telecommunications............ 1,026.8 1,018.4 1,021.2 1,013.2 1,026.6 1,020.1 1,018.0 1,017.7 1,018.1 1,012.9 -5.2
Data processing, hosting and
related services............. 273.1 275.8 273.5 269.9 272.8 272.3 272.2 272.1 271.3 270.5 -.8
Other information services.... 127.1 130.4 131.3 130.9 126.3 131.9 130.7 130.1 130.0 130.2 .2
Financial activities............ 8,401 8,227 8,273 8,285 8,331 8,231 8,229 8,226 8,213 8,213 0
Finance and insurance.......... 6,189.6 6,096.7 6,106.5 6,108.5 6,165.8 6,103.4 6,103.8 6,098.8 6,086.7 6,084.6 -2.1
Monetary authorities - central
bank......................... 21.1 21.1 21.0 21.1 20.8 20.9 21.1 21.0 20.9 20.9 .0
Credit intermediation and
related activities (1)....... 2,905.3 2,803.7 2,801.6 2,800.1 2,892.3 2,811.8 2,807.9 2,800.5 2,792.3 2,788.5 -3.8
Depository credit
intermediation (1).......... 1,832.6 1,819.7 1,822.2 1,825.4 1,823.8 1,821.6 1,822.9 1,820.6 1,818.4 1,817.3 -1.1
Commercial banking.......... 1,353.3 1,343.0 1,347.3 1,348.8 1,346.7 1,343.4 1,344.2 1,343.4 1,343.2 1,342.5 -.7
Securities, commodity
contracts, investments....... 852.5 863.4 870.0 867.4 851.2 865.8 867.2 866.6 866.2 865.2 -1.0
Insurance carriers and related
activities................... 2,323.1 2,321.5 2,326.1 2,331.8 2,314.2 2,318.4 2,319.7 2,323.2 2,319.5 2,322.3 2.8
Funds, trusts, and other
financial vehicles........... 87.6 87.0 87.8 88.1 87.3 86.5 87.9 87.5 87.8 87.7 -.1
Real estate and rental and
leasing....................... 2,211.0 2,130.3 2,166.4 2,176.1 2,165.4 2,127.8 2,124.9 2,127.3 2,126.2 2,128.5 2.3
Real estate................... 1,521.3 1,466.7 1,492.0 1,491.3 1,493.8 1,465.0 1,465.7 1,466.4 1,465.7 1,463.3 -2.4
Rental and leasing services... 658.9 632.7 642.3 651.6 641.4 631.1 627.4 629.5 628.6 632.8 4.2
Lessors of nonfinancial
intangible assets............ 30.8 30.9 32.1 33.2 30.2 31.7 31.8 31.4 31.9 32.4 .5
Professional and business
services....................... 18,086 17,983 18,100 18,017 17,958 18,014 18,031 17,982 17,943 17,919 -24
Professional and technical
services (1).................. 7,649.6 7,775.1 7,836.5 7,839.9 7,664.2 7,823.5 7,845.6 7,839.1 7,856.3 7,866.8 10.5
Legal services............... 1,188.1 1,169.1 1,189.1 1,188.0 1,173.7 1,172.6 1,172.5 1,172.2 1,172.7 1,173.3 .6
Accounting and bookkeeping
services.................... 872.7 919.7 909.6 893.8 947.8 983.3 986.1 973.8 977.5 977.8 .3
Architectural and engineering
services.................... 1,461.5 1,463.3 1,485.2 1,495.6 1,436.5 1,461.8 1,464.9 1,464.9 1,469.3 1,471.4 2.1
Computer systems design and
related services............ 1,369.0 1,407.3 1,414.3 1,421.7 1,366.8 1,391.3 1,403.9 1,408.9 1,412.2 1,419.3 7.1
Management and technical
consulting services......... 952.1 1,006.0 1,015.3 1,024.1 946.6 997.0 1,001.3 1,006.9 1,015.2 1,019.3 4.1
Management of companies and
enterprises................... 1,859.9 1,832.6 1,848.2 1,843.1 1,845.0 1,839.7 1,841.0 1,836.4 1,836.8 1,832.8 -4.0
Administrative and waste
services...................... 8,576.2 8,375.1 8,415.1 8,334.2 8,448.6 8,351.2 8,344.4 8,306.0 8,250.0 8,219.6 -30.4
Administrative and support
services (1)................. 8,211.3 8,008.1 8,042.8 7,960.1 8,092.2 7,987.3 7,978.9 7,939.8 7,883.9 7,853.4 -30.5
Employment services (1)...... 3,585.7 3,400.9 3,391.5 3,321.7 3,584.6 3,483.7 3,462.2 3,421.8 3,366.2 3,332.0 -34.2
Temporary help services..... 2,589.2 2,437.6 2,437.7 2,372.5 2,596.5 2,506.0 2,487.1 2,451.6 2,418.6 2,389.6 -29.0
Business support services.... 798.7 790.7 782.4 777.5 805.5 794.1 792.8 789.2 786.9 786.3 -.6
Services to buildings and
dwellings................... 1,977.2 1,949.3 1,996.8 1,990.6 1,854.9 1,857.3 1,864.6 1,865.9 1,869.3 1,867.9 -1.4
Waste management and
remediation services......... 364.9 367.0 372.3 374.1 356.4 363.9 365.5 366.2 366.1 366.2 .1
Education and health services... 18,012 18,868 18,686 18,564 18,360 18,709 18,757 18,820 18,875 18,914 39
Educational services........... 2,627.4 3,076.2 2,858.2 2,747.3 2,962.7 3,018.6 3,030.5 3,047.3 3,080.8 3,086.1 5.3
Health care and social
assistance....................15,384.9 15,791.7 15,828.2 15,817.0 15,396.8 15,690.5 15,726.1 15,772.4 15,794.0 15,828.3 34.3
Health care (3)...............12,992.6 13,261.0 13,331.4 13,366.2 12,963.8 13,202.3 13,236.3 13,274.7 13,299.0 13,331.9 32.9
Ambulatory health care
services (1)................ 5,485.0 5,648.2 5,679.8 5,692.9 5,484.7 5,612.5 5,632.8 5,649.9 5,667.3 5,688.5 21.2
Offices of physicians....... 2,204.5 2,260.9 2,274.8 2,280.3 2,204.7 2,251.7 2,259.6 2,265.2 2,272.8 2,279.3 6.5
Outpatient care centers..... 504.4 516.8 516.8 520.7 505.0 511.9 514.9 516.6 516.8 520.6 3.8
Home health care services... 917.6 949.7 957.2 960.6 917.7 943.3 946.1 951.0 954.6 959.6 5.0
Hospitals.................... 4,544.4 4,625.8 4,650.7 4,672.9 4,524.2 4,606.4 4,616.2 4,635.0 4,640.2 4,650.6 10.4
Nursing and residential care
facilities (1).............. 2,963.2 2,987.0 3,000.9 3,000.4 2,954.9 2,983.4 2,987.3 2,989.8 2,991.5 2,992.8 1.3
Nursing care facilities..... 1,604.2 1,610.4 1,615.1 1,613.3 1,602.2 1,609.6 1,610.7 1,612.1 1,611.7 1,611.8 .1
Social assistance(1).......... 2,392.3 2,530.7 2,496.8 2,450.8 2,433.0 2,488.2 2,489.8 2,497.7 2,495.0 2,496.4 1.4
Child day care services...... 802.7 884.5 843.1 795.6 847.7 861.8 858.1 860.2 850.5 845.5 -5.0
Leisure and hospitality......... 14,142 13,906 14,248 14,328 13,476 13,676 13,690 13,679 13,686 13,687 1
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation.................... 2,274.9 2,096.7 2,261.2 2,304.4 1,968.8 2,025.7 2,021.1 2,013.1 2,008.2 2,005.5 -2.7
Performing arts and spectator
sports....................... 432.9 457.4 466.3 460.3 405.8 433.9 436.4 434.7 436.8 434.9 -1.9
Museums, historical sites,
zoos, and parks.............. 146.5 138.9 144.2 145.5 131.9 133.4 132.6 133.9 132.1 131.5 -.6
Amusements, gambling, and
recreation................... 1,695.5 1,500.4 1,650.7 1,698.6 1,431.1 1,458.4 1,452.1 1,444.5 1,439.3 1,439.1 -.2
Accommodation and food services11,867.3 11,808.8 11,986.7 12,023.4 11,507.0 11,650.7 11,668.7 11,665.8 11,677.4 11,681.1 3.7
Accommodation................. 1,995.7 1,851.3 1,928.4 1,990.9 1,853.6 1,849.4 1,853.0 1,849.0 1,849.2 1,849.7 .5
Food services and drinking
places....................... 9,871.6 9,957.5 10,058.3 10,032.5 9,653.4 9,801.3 9,815.7 9,816.8 9,828.2 9,831.4 3.2
Other services.................. 5,565 5,553 5,595 5,591 5,501 5,522 5,525 5,527 5,521 5,527 6
Repair and maintenance........ 1,262.1 1,259.1 1,259.9 1,248.7 1,257.8 1,254.8 1,254.0 1,251.7 1,246.1 1,245.2 -.9
Personal and laundry services. 1,316.5 1,327.9 1,330.0 1,322.2 1,307.9 1,308.5 1,309.9 1,310.6 1,312.2 1,313.3 1.1
Membership associations and
organizations................ 2,986.6 2,966.2 3,005.1 3,019.6 2,935.4 2,959.0 2,961.4 2,964.3 2,963.1 2,968.1 5.0
Government...................... 20,946 22,827 22,460 21,307 22,170 22,377 22,401 22,453 22,496 22,521 25
Federal........................ 2,748 2,742 2,757 2,763 2,726 2,726 2,734 2,740 2,742 2,739 -3
Federal, except U.S. Postal
Service...................... 1,989.1 2,011.4 2,031.4 2,037.6 1,964.3 1,986.6 1,996.0 2,006.5 2,011.2 2,010.5 -.7
U.S. Postal Service........... 759.3 730.6 725.3 725.5 761.6 739.1 737.9 733.3 730.8 728.6 -2.2
State government............... 4,835 5,215 4,986 4,914 5,123 5,157 5,170 5,174 5,186 5,198 12
State government education.... 1,999.4 2,382.2 2,129.1 2,047.6 2,313.8 2,332.9 2,340.8 2,344.4 2,352.3 2,359.0 6.7
State government, excluding
education.................... 2,836.0 2,833.1 2,857.3 2,866.8 2,808.8 2,823.8 2,829.1 2,829.7 2,833.8 2,838.9 5.1
Local government............... 13,363 14,870 14,717 13,630 14,321 14,494 14,497 14,539 14,568 14,584 16
Local government education.... 6,761.4 8,399.1 8,061.6 6,901.6 7,938.2 8,035.7 8,032.1 8,060.0 8,075.0 8,077.2 2.2
Local government, excluding
education.................... 6,601.2 6,470.8 6,655.4 6,728.3 6,382.5 6,457.8 6,465.0 6,479.2 6,493.0 6,506.5 13.5
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector
and selected industry detail
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p June 2008-
July 2008p
Total private......................... 34.2 33.6 34.1 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.6 -0.1
Goods-producing........................... 40.5 40.2 40.7 40.3 40.6 40.5 40.4 40.2 40.3 40.4 .1
Natural resources and mining.................. 45.9 44.2 45.3 45.2 45.9 46.2 44.9 44.6 45.0 45.2 .2
Construction.................................. 39.4 38.6 39.3 39.2 38.9 38.9 38.9 38.5 38.7 38.7 .0
Manufacturing................................. 40.9 40.9 41.2 40.7 41.4 41.2 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0 .0
Overtime hours............................. 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.6 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 .0
Durable goods................................ 41.1 41.2 41.5 40.8 41.6 41.5 41.3 41.2 41.3 41.3 .0
Overtime hours............................. 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.6 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 .0
Wood products............................... 40.1 39.3 39.9 39.2 39.9 38.7 38.8 39.1 39.2 39.0 -.2
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 42.8 42.5 42.8 42.9 42.6 43.1 42.2 42.3 42.2 42.6 .4
Primary metals.............................. 42.8 42.2 43.0 41.5 43.2 42.9 42.4 42.2 42.5 41.9 -.6
Fabricated metal products................... 41.3 41.4 41.3 40.8 41.7 41.7 41.6 41.4 41.2 41.2 .0
Machinery................................... 42.3 42.1 42.1 41.6 42.5 42.7 42.5 42.1 42.0 41.9 -.1
Computer and electronic products............ 39.9 41.1 41.5 41.0 40.3 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.3 .0
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 41.0 40.8 41.2 40.6 41.4 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.0 41.0 .0
Transportation equipment.................... 41.6 41.9 42.5 41.2 43.3 42.3 42.3 42.1 42.3 42.6 .3
Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 40.4 41.4 42.2 40.1 42.5 41.8 41.9 41.6 41.9 42.1 .2
Furniture and related products.............. 39.2 38.5 39.2 38.7 39.2 38.7 38.7 38.8 39.0 38.7 -.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 38.7 39.0 39.3 38.9 39.2 39.3 39.3 39.2 39.1 39.3 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 40.6 40.3 40.6 40.4 40.9 40.7 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.6 .1
Overtime hours............................. 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.7 -.2
Food manufacturing.......................... 40.7 40.7 40.7 40.8 40.8 40.7 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 .0
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 40.9 40.1 39.1 39.6 40.7 40.4 39.6 39.7 38.6 39.4 .8
Textile mills............................... 39.6 38.8 39.2 38.6 40.2 38.8 38.4 39.0 39.0 39.1 .1
Textile product mills....................... 40.2 38.3 39.7 38.4 40.8 39.3 38.3 38.7 39.0 38.7 -.3
Apparel..................................... 37.1 36.1 36.4 36.3 37.5 36.7 36.6 36.0 36.3 36.6 .3
Leather and allied products................. 37.0 39.0 38.6 37.8 37.5 38.7 38.6 38.7 38.4 38.5 .1
Paper and paper products.................... 42.8 42.1 42.7 41.9 43.0 43.6 43.3 42.5 42.7 42.3 -.4
Printing and related support activities..... 38.4 38.3 37.8 37.5 38.8 38.6 38.5 38.5 38.1 38.0 -.1
Petroleum and coal products................. 44.5 44.0 45.2 45.8 44.0 43.5 43.2 44.2 44.5 45.0 .5
Chemicals................................... 41.8 41.0 42.0 41.8 42.2 41.9 41.3 41.3 41.8 41.9 .1
Plastics and rubber products................ 40.8 41.0 41.5 40.8 41.5 41.1 41.0 41.0 41.1 41.4 .3
Private service-providing................ 32.8 32.2 32.8 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.3 .0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.7 33.1 33.7 33.3 33.2 33.4 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.2 -.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 38.5 38.2 38.9 38.3 38.1 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.4 .1
Retail trade................................. 30.6 30.0 30.5 30.3 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.1 30.1 30.0 -.1
Transportation and warehousing............... 37.1 36.3 36.8 36.5 36.8 36.7 36.7 36.5 36.4 36.4 .0
Utilities.................................... 42.6 42.3 43.0 42.1 42.6 43.3 42.6 42.4 42.8 42.1 -.7
Information................................... 37.2 36.2 37.1 36.7 36.6 36.6 36.5 36.6 36.6 36.6 .0
Financial activities.......................... 36.5 35.7 36.5 35.5 35.9 35.8 35.9 36.0 35.8 35.6 -.2
Professional and business services............ 35.0 34.8 35.4 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.7 -.1
Education and health services................. 32.9 32.5 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.6 .0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 26.3 25.3 26.0 25.7 25.3 25.3 25.4 25.3 25.3 25.1 -.2
Other services................................ 31.2 30.7 31.1 31.0 30.9 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.7 30.8 .1
1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry July May June July July May June July
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008p 2008p
Total private........................... $17.44 $17.90 $17.96 $17.99 $596.45 $601.44 $612.44 $606.26
Seasonally adjusted.................... 17.47 17.95 18.00 18.06 590.49 604.92 606.60 606.82
Goods-producing............................. 18.72 19.13 19.23 19.37 758.16 769.03 782.66 780.61
Natural resources and mining.................... 20.87 21.51 21.74 22.64 957.93 950.74 984.82 1023.33
Construction.................................... 21.02 21.60 21.66 21.89 828.19 833.76 851.24 858.09
Manufacturing................................... 17.22 17.63 17.70 17.71 704.30 721.07 729.24 720.80
Durable goods.................................. 18.10 18.57 18.67 18.65 743.91 765.08 774.81 760.92
Wood products................................. 13.62 14.08 14.11 14.23 546.16 553.34 562.99 557.82
Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 17.04 16.90 16.98 16.96 729.31 718.25 726.74 727.58
Primary metals................................ 19.85 20.23 20.22 20.42 849.58 853.71 869.46 847.43
Fabricated metal products..................... 16.52 16.84 16.92 16.91 682.28 697.18 698.80 689.93
Machinery..................................... 17.82 17.98 17.87 18.02 753.79 756.96 752.33 749.63
Computer and electronic products.............. 20.08 20.99 21.08 21.26 801.19 862.69 874.82 871.66
Electrical equipment and appliances........... 16.09 15.69 15.74 15.73 659.69 640.15 648.49 638.64
Transportation equipment...................... 22.67 23.53 23.81 23.65 943.07 985.91 1011.93 974.38
Furniture and related products................ 14.36 14.48 14.59 14.53 562.91 557.48 571.93 562.31
Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 14.82 14.97 15.13 15.29 573.53 583.83 594.61 594.78
Nondurable goods............................... 15.74 16.04 16.07 16.16 639.04 646.41 652.44 652.86
Food manufacturing............................ 13.57 13.89 13.94 13.99 552.30 565.32 567.36 570.79
Beverages and tobacco products................ 18.61 19.05 18.56 19.27 761.15 763.91 725.70 763.09
Textile mills................................. 13.13 13.50 13.59 13.84 519.95 523.80 532.73 534.22
Textile product mills......................... 11.89 11.86 11.79 11.75 477.98 454.24 468.06 451.20
Apparel....................................... 11.15 11.43 11.28 11.26 413.67 412.62 410.59 408.74
Leather and allied products................... 12.18 12.88 12.70 12.01 450.66 502.32 490.22 453.98
Paper and paper products...................... 18.68 18.74 18.76 18.97 799.50 788.95 801.05 794.84
Printing and related support activities....... 16.19 16.66 16.85 16.84 621.70 638.08 636.93 631.50
Petroleum and coal products................... 25.12 27.01 27.12 27.20 1117.84 1188.44 1225.82 1245.76
Chemicals..................................... 19.70 19.37 19.36 19.39 823.46 794.17 813.12 810.50
Plastics and rubber products.................. 15.31 15.71 15.72 15.79 624.65 644.11 652.38 644.23
Private service-providing.................. 17.10 17.59 17.64 17.64 560.88 566.40 578.59 569.77
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.89 16.14 16.20 16.20 535.49 534.23 545.94 539.46
Wholesale trade................................ 19.70 19.93 20.07 20.11 758.45 761.33 780.72 770.21
Retail trade................................... 12.84 12.91 12.90 12.94 392.90 387.30 393.45 392.08
Transportation and warehousing................. 17.90 18.33 18.46 18.49 664.09 665.38 679.33 674.89
Utilities...................................... 27.70 28.83 28.98 28.45 1180.02 1219.51 1246.14 1197.75
Information..................................... 23.77 24.60 24.75 24.74 884.24 890.52 918.23 907.96
Financial activities............................ 19.66 20.20 20.29 20.23 717.59 721.14 740.59 718.17
Professional and business services.............. 20.26 20.81 21.05 21.05 709.10 724.19 745.17 728.33
Education and health services................... 18.18 18.64 18.66 18.85 598.12 605.80 610.18 614.51
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.33 10.82 10.76 10.71 271.68 273.75 279.76 275.25
Other services.................................. 15.39 15.84 15.84 15.75 480.17 486.29 492.62 488.25
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry July Mar. Apr. May June July change from:
2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p June 2008-
July 2008p
Total private:
Current dollars........................ $17.47 $17.87 $17.89 $17.95 $18.00 $18.06 0.3
Constant (1982) dollars (2)............ 8.33 8.28 8.27 8.24 8.17 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............................. 18.69 19.12 19.12 19.17 19.23 19.32 .5
Natural resources and mining.................... 20.95 22.01 21.61 21.71 22.00 22.66 3.0
Construction.................................... 20.94 21.56 21.60 21.70 21.73 21.81 .4
Manufacturing................................... 17.30 17.61 17.62 17.65 17.72 17.78 .3
Excluding overtime (4)....................... 16.46 16.79 16.80 16.85 16.94 16.99 .3
Durable goods.................................. 18.23 18.54 18.58 18.61 18.68 18.77 .5
Nondurable goods............................... 15.70 16.03 15.99 16.04 16.09 16.11 .1
Private service-providing.................. 17.15 17.55 17.58 17.64 17.69 17.75 .3
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.82 16.11 16.11 16.16 16.18 16.18 .0
Wholesale trade................................ 19.58 20.03 20.05 20.06 20.11 20.15 .2
Retail trade................................... 12.79 12.86 12.85 12.90 12.88 12.90 .2
Transportation and warehousing................. 17.78 18.25 18.33 18.38 18.41 18.39 -.1
Utilities...................................... 27.82 28.77 28.56 28.81 29.12 28.65 -1.6
Information..................................... 23.92 24.53 24.50 24.67 24.77 24.88 .4
Financial activities............................ 19.67 20.11 20.16 20.23 20.28 20.33 .2
Professional and business services.............. 20.19 20.74 20.84 20.90 21.02 21.14 .6
Education and health services................... 18.14 18.61 18.64 18.71 18.74 18.82 .4
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.46 10.74 10.79 10.81 10.84 10.86 .2
Other services.................................. 15.46 15.77 15.79 15.81 15.84 15.87 .2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.
3 Change was -.8 percent from May 2008 to June 2008, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July change from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p June 2008-
July 2008p
Total private......................... 109.7 107.1 109.4 107.8 107.4 107.6 107.5 107.1 107.0 106.6 -0.4
Goods-producing........................... 103.7 98.2 100.4 99.2 102.0 99.5 98.6 97.9 97.6 97.6 .0
Natural resources and mining.................. 137.3 133.2 139.1 142.9 134.2 138.5 134.6 134.6 137.0 139.8 2.0
Construction.................................. 122.1 108.9 113.1 113.4 115.1 110.4 109.3 107.5 107.2 106.6 -.6
Manufacturing................................. 93.9 91.9 92.9 91.0 94.9 93.1 92.2 92.1 91.7 91.6 -.1
Durable goods................................ 96.4 94.6 95.5 92.8 97.8 95.9 94.8 94.4 94.3 94.2 -.1
Wood products............................... 94.6 82.7 84.1 83.0 92.1 83.3 83.2 82.0 81.4 80.8 -.7
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 101.8 96.8 98.5 98.1 98.4 97.7 95.6 95.1 94.6 94.7 .1
Primary metals.............................. 90.6 89.4 91.2 86.8 92.0 91.3 90.3 89.2 89.7 88.1 -1.8
Fabricated metal products................... 103.9 102.9 102.7 100.5 104.8 104.5 103.3 103.0 101.9 101.5 -.4
Machinery................................... 103.5 103.2 103.4 102.9 103.7 104.5 103.9 103.1 102.6 103.4 .8
Computer and electronic products............ 100.3 102.7 103.6 101.7 101.1 102.9 103.1 102.9 102.6 102.3 -.3
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 88.7 87.6 89.4 88.3 89.5 88.4 88.3 88.6 88.5 89.0 .6
Transportation equipment.................... 92.0 91.5 92.9 86.7 98.5 93.2 91.5 91.5 91.8 92.3 .5
Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 77.7 76.5 77.9 69.0 85.6 78.6 76.6 76.3 76.6 76.7 .1
Furniture and related products.............. 87.5 79.3 80.9 78.8 87.0 81.1 80.3 79.8 79.7 78.6 -1.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 89.6 89.5 90.5 88.0 91.3 90.8 90.3 89.9 89.4 89.6 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 90.0 87.2 88.5 87.9 89.8 88.6 88.0 87.9 87.6 87.6 .0
Food manufacturing.......................... 103.5 99.3 100.8 102.3 101.8 101.3 101.2 101.1 100.9 100.6 -.3
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 107.6 91.1 93.4 97.3 103.7 90.4 89.0 90.7 89.5 92.1 2.9
Textile mills............................... 53.9 50.1 49.5 46.8 55.3 51.0 49.5 49.7 48.8 48.1 -1.4
Textile product mills....................... 77.8 73.0 74.3 70.6 79.1 74.3 72.4 72.8 72.4 71.3 -1.5
Apparel..................................... 60.9 55.5 56.9 55.7 61.3 56.4 56.4 55.1 55.5 56.0 .9
Leather and allied products................. 64.5 74.0 75.0 68.9 66.9 70.5 71.9 72.1 73.6 71.7 -2.6
Paper and paper products.................... 86.2 84.2 85.8 84.1 86.1 87.0 86.8 85.3 85.2 84.4 -.9
Printing and related support activities..... 90.0 88.3 86.3 84.9 90.8 90.1 89.2 88.6 86.6 86.0 -.7
Petroleum and coal products................. 98.2 98.9 101.6 104.6 93.9 96.6 95.7 97.8 97.5 99.3 1.8
Chemicals................................... 95.0 95.9 99.0 98.0 95.0 97.1 95.9 96.3 97.4 97.5 .1
Plastics and rubber products................ 89.5 88.2 89.4 87.0 91.2 88.5 88.0 88.0 88.0 88.5 .6
Private service-providing................. 111.1 109.4 112.0 110.0 109.0 109.7 109.8 109.7 109.3 109.3 .0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 105.9 103.5 105.7 104.0 104.3 105.0 104.8 104.4 104.3 103.7 -.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 111.4 110.6 113.0 110.9 109.4 111.3 110.7 110.6 110.5 110.4 -.1
Retail trade................................. 102.9 99.4 101.5 100.6 101.3 101.1 100.8 100.4 100.3 99.8 -.5
Transportation and warehousing............... 108.6 108.6 110.0 107.3 108.8 109.5 109.5 108.8 108.2 108.1 -.1
Utilities.................................... 97.8 97.2 100.0 97.4 96.8 99.2 97.8 97.2 98.5 96.3 -2.2
Information................................... 102.4 99.6 102.3 100.1 100.3 100.5 100.0 100.2 99.9 99.4 -.5
Financial activities.......................... 112.1 108.1 111.4 108.4 109.2 108.3 108.7 108.9 108.2 107.6 -.6
Professional and business services............ 117.0 115.7 118.5 115.3 115.5 115.7 116.1 115.6 115.4 114.9 -.4
Education and health services................. 111.8 115.8 115.4 114.3 112.9 115.4 115.4 116.1 116.1 116.5 .3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 121.0 114.1 120.3 119.7 110.5 111.9 112.6 112.0 112.1 111.2 -.8
Other services................................ 101.9 99.9 101.9 101.5 99.4 99.9 99.6 99.6 99.1 99.4 .3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours
by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average
weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July change from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p June 2008-
July 2008p
Total private......................... 127.8 128.1 131.3 129.6 125.4 128.4 128.5 128.4 128.7 128.6 -0.1
Goods-producing........................... 118.9 115.1 118.3 117.7 116.8 116.5 115.5 114.9 115.0 115.5 .4
Natural resources and mining.................. 166.7 166.6 175.9 188.2 163.5 177.2 169.1 170.0 175.3 184.2 5.1
Construction.................................. 138.5 127.0 132.2 134.0 130.1 128.5 127.5 126.0 125.8 125.5 -.2
Manufacturing................................. 105.8 105.9 107.5 105.4 107.3 107.2 106.3 106.3 106.3 106.5 .2
Durable goods................................ 109.0 109.7 111.3 108.0 111.3 111.0 110.0 109.7 110.0 110.4 .4
Nondurable goods............................. 100.1 98.9 100.5 100.4 99.6 100.4 99.4 99.6 99.6 99.7 .1
Private service-providing................. 130.3 131.9 135.5 133.1 128.1 132.0 132.3 132.7 132.6 133.0 .3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 120.0 119.1 122.2 120.1 117.7 120.7 120.5 120.3 120.3 119.7 -.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 129.3 129.8 133.6 131.3 126.2 131.3 130.8 130.7 130.8 131.1 .2
Retail trade................................. 113.3 110.0 112.2 111.6 111.1 111.4 111.1 111.0 110.7 110.3 -.4
Transportation and warehousing............... 123.4 126.3 128.8 125.9 122.7 126.8 127.4 126.8 126.3 126.1 -.2
Utilities.................................... 113.1 116.9 120.9 115.6 112.4 119.1 116.6 116.9 119.7 115.2 -3.8
Information................................... 120.5 121.2 125.4 122.6 118.7 122.1 121.3 122.3 122.5 122.4 -.1
Financial activities.......................... 136.3 135.0 139.7 135.6 132.8 134.6 135.5 136.2 135.7 135.2 -.4
Professional and business services............ 141.1 143.2 148.4 144.4 138.7 142.8 143.9 143.8 144.4 144.5 .1
Education and health services................. 133.6 141.8 141.5 141.7 134.6 141.2 141.4 142.8 143.0 144.1 .8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 141.9 140.2 147.1 145.6 131.2 136.5 138.0 137.5 138.0 137.2 -.6
Other services................................ 114.2 115.3 117.6 116.4 112.0 114.8 114.6 114.8 114.3 115.0 .6
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate
payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of
average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2004 .............. 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8
2005 .............. 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7
2006 .............. 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0
2007 .............. 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5
2008 .............. 45.4 41.4 47.4 45.6 46.4 p42.2 p41.2
Over 3-month span:
2004 .............. 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6
2005 .............. 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3
2006 .............. 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4
2007 .............. 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4
2008 .............. 46.7 42.7 42.3 44.0 43.1 p43.6 p40.0
Over 6-month span:
2004 .............. 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0
2005 .............. 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0
2006 .............. 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0
2007 .............. 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8
2008 .............. 51.5 49.8 44.7 46.5 43.6 p41.4 p38.7
Over 12-month span:
2004 .............. 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8
2005 .............. 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7
2006 .............. 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5
2007 .............. 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7
2008 .............. 53.8 54.6 52.6 50.4 49.3 p47.4 p46.0
Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2004 .............. 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9
2005 .............. 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0
2006 .............. 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3
2007 .............. 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3
2008 .............. 40.5 28.6 38.1 35.1 44.6 p32.7 p27.4
Over 3-month span:
2004 .............. 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7
2005 .............. 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4
2006 .............. 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5
2007 .............. 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7
2008 .............. 35.7 27.4 26.8 29.2 29.8 p33.9 p32.1
Over 6-month span:
2004 .............. 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7
2005 .............. 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3
2006 .............. 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8
2007 .............. 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7
2008 .............. 34.5 33.9 32.1 28.0 26.8 p24.4 p19.6
Over 12-month span:
2004 .............. 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6
2005 .............. 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1
2006 .............. 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0
2007 .............. 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9
2008 .............. 29.8 29.8 29.8 24.4 27.4 p25.6 p31.0
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
United States Department of Labor
