Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	              USDL-24-1571
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, August 2, 2024

Technical information: 
 Household data:      (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	      (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                             THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JULY 2024


The unemployment rate rose to 4.3 percent in July, and nonfarm payroll employment edged up
by 114,000, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to trend
up in health care, in construction, and in transportation and warehousing, while information
lost jobs.  

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											     |
|                                       Hurricane Beryl					     |
|											     |
| Hurricane Beryl made landfall on the central coast of Texas on July 8, 2024, during the    |
| reference periods for both the household and establishment surveys. Hurricane Beryl had    |
| no discernible effect on the national employment and unemployment data for July, and the   |
| response rates for the two surveys were within normal ranges. For information on how	     |
| unusually severe weather can affect employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently     |
| Asked Questions section of this news release.						     |
|											     |
| BLS will release the state estimates of employment and unemployment on August 16, 2024,    |
| at 10:00 a.m. (ET).									     |
|____________________________________________________________________________________________|

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 4.3 percent in July, and the number of
unemployed people increased by 352,000 to 7.2 million. These measures are higher than a year
earlier, when the jobless rate was 3.5 percent, and the number of unemployed people was 5.9
million. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.0 percent) and Whites
(3.8 percent) increased in July. The jobless rates for adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers
(12.4 percent), Blacks (6.3 percent), Asians (3.7 percent), and Hispanics (5.3 percent) showed
little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of people on temporary layoff increased by 249,000 to 1.1
million in July. The number of permanent job losers changed little at 1.7 million. (See table
A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) changed little at 1.5
million in July. This measure is up from 1.2 million a year earlier. The long-term unemployed
accounted for 21.6 percent of all unemployed people in July. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.7 percent, changed little in July and was little
changed over the year. The employment-population ratio was little changed at 60.0 percent in
July but is down by 0.4 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons rose by 346,000 to 4.6 million
in July. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See
table A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job increased by 366,000 to
5.6 million in July, largely offsetting a decline in the previous month. These individuals
were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4
weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.6 million, was little changed in July. These individuals wanted and
were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not
looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a
subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, also
changed little at 405,000 in July. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 114,000 in July, below the average monthly gain
of 215,000 over the prior 12 months. In July, employment continued to trend up in health care,
in construction, and in transportation and warehousing, while information lost jobs. (See
table B-1.)

Health care added 55,000 jobs in July, similar to the average monthly gain of 63,000 over
the prior 12 months. In July, employment rose in home health care services (+22,000),
hospitals (+20,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+9,000).

Employment continued to trend up in construction in July (+25,000), in line with the average
monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+19,000). Employment in specialty trade contractors
continued its upward trend in July (+19,000). 

In July, employment continued to trend up in transportation and warehousing (+14,000), with
job gains in couriers and messengers (+11,000) and warehousing and storage (+11,000). These
gains were partially offset by a job loss in transit and ground passenger transportation
(-11,000). Transportation and warehousing has added 119,000 jobs since a recent low in January
of this year.

Employment in social assistance continued its upward trend in July (+9,000), but at a slower
pace than the average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+23,000). 

Information employment declined by 20,000 in July but has changed little over the year.  

Government employment was little changed in July (+17,000). Employment growth in government
has slowed in recent months, following larger job gains in 2023 and the first quarter of 2024.

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; retail trade; financial
activities; professional and business services; leisure and hospitality; and other services.

In July, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 8
cents, or 0.2 percent, to $35.07. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have 
increased by 3.6 percent. In July, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees increased by 9 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $30.14. (See tables B-3 and
B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to
34.2 hours in July. In manufacturing, the average workweek edged down by 0.2 hour to 39.9
hours, and overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 2.8 hours. The average workweek for production
and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours.
(See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for May was revised down by 2,000, from
+218,000 to +216,000, and the change for June was revised down by 27,000, from +206,000 to
+179,000. With these revisions, employment in May and June combined is 29,000 lower than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from 
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the 
recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for August is scheduled to be released on Friday, September 6, 2024,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											     |
|              2024 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data		     |
|                              to be Released on August 21, 2024			     |
|											     |
| Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of   |
| employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month of	     |
| March. These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that    |
| nearly all employers are required to file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on August 21, 2024, the	     |
| Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the preliminary estimate of the upcoming     |
| annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey data. This is the same day that the  |
| first-quarter 2024 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions for all  |
| major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private employment, will be     |
| available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.					     |
|											     |
| The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2025	     |
| Employment Situation news release in February 2025.					     |
|____________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Change from: June 2024- July 2024
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,002	268,248	268,438	268,644	206
Civilian labor force	167,113	167,732	168,009	168,429	420
Participation rate	62.6	62.5	62.6	62.7	0.1
Employed	161,209	161,083	161,199	161,266	67
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.1	60.1	60.0	-0.1
Unemployed	5,904	6,649	6,811	7,163	352
Unemployment rate	3.5	4.0	4.1	4.3	0.2
Not in labor force	99,889	100,516	100,429	100,215	-214
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.5	4.0	4.1	4.3	0.2
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.4	3.8	3.8	4.0	0.2
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.8	0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	11.3	12.3	12.1	12.4	0.3
White	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.8	0.3
Black or African American	5.7	6.1	6.3	6.3	0.0
Asian	2.3	3.1	4.1	3.7	-0.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.4	5.0	4.9	5.3	0.4
Total, 25 years and over	2.8	3.2	3.3	3.5	0.2
Less than a high school diploma	5.3	5.9	5.9	6.7	0.8
High school graduates, no college	3.3	4.3	4.2	4.6	0.4
Some college or associate degree	3.1	3.1	3.4	3.5	0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.0	2.1	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,703	3,220	3,176	3,490	314
Job leavers	854	717	752	855	103
Reentrants	1,868	2,046	2,094	2,160	66
New entrants	534	630	708	650	-58
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,007	2,309	2,128	2,351	223
5 to 14 weeks	1,741	1,918	2,102	2,141	39
15 to 26 weeks	956	955	1,087	1,087	0
27 weeks and over	1,205	1,350	1,516	1,535	19
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,008	4,419	4,220	4,566	346
Slack work or business conditions	2,734	3,086	2,832	2,985	153
Could only find part-time work	1,016	1,042	1,144	1,195	51
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,032	22,662	22,341	22,036	-305
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,417	1,525	1,508	1,571	63
Discouraged workers	338	462	365	405	40
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	184	216	179	114
Total private	148	206	136	97
Goods-producing	7	12	11	25
Mining and logging	2	-4	0	-1
Construction	11	13	20	25
Manufacturing	-6	3	-9	1
Durable goods(1)	9	-1	-13	0
Motor vehicles and parts	2.9	3.6	4.8	-1.3
Nondurable goods	-15	4	4	1
Private service-providing	141	194	125	72
Wholesale trade	16.3	-1.6	9.1	4.3
Retail trade	5.6	8.2	-12.1	4.0
Transportation and warehousing	-10.7	25.8	21.9	14.0
Utilities	-1.7	1.4	0.8	-0.1
Information	-28	-1	1	-20
Financial activities	18	12	10	-4
Professional and business services(1)	-17	55	2	-1
Temporary help services	-27.6	14.0	-22.6	-8.7
Private education and health services(1)	109	69	79	57
Health care and social assistance	105.8	73.4	78.1	64.0
Leisure and hospitality	41	18	1	23
Other services	9	7	12	-5
Government	36	10	43	17
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	242	211	168	170
Total private	196	182	150	146
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.3	48.3	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.3	81.4	81.4	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.3	34.3	34.3	34.2
Average hourly earnings	$33.84	$34.88	$34.99	$35.07
Average weekly earnings	$1,160.71	$1,196.38	$1,200.16	$1,199.39
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	114.9	116.4	116.5	116.2
Over-the-month percent change	-0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	185.9	194.1	194.9	194.9
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.0
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	58.0	53.6	56.0	49.6
Manufacturing (72 industries)	47.9	49.3	38.2	45.1
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 119,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 629,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024	July 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,002	268,438	268,644	267,002	267,884	268,066	268,248	268,438	268,644
Civilian labor force	168,354	169,007	169,723	167,113	167,895	167,982	167,732	168,009	168,429
Participation rate	63.1	63.0	63.2	62.6	62.7	62.7	62.5	62.6	62.7
Employed	161,982	161,774	162,038	161,209	161,466	161,491	161,083	161,199	161,266
Employment-population ratio	60.7	60.3	60.3	60.4	60.3	60.2	60.1	60.1	60.0
Unemployed	6,372	7,233	7,685	5,904	6,429	6,492	6,649	6,811	7,163
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.3	4.5	3.5	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.3
Not in labor force	98,649	99,431	98,921	99,889	99,989	100,083	100,516	100,429	100,215
Persons who currently want a job	5,578	5,655	5,950	5,244	5,443	5,637	5,717	5,234	5,600
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,507	130,875	130,975	130,507	130,605	130,694	130,782	130,875	130,975
Civilian labor force	89,647	89,900	90,256	88,749	88,812	88,708	88,619	89,171	89,293
Participation rate	68.7	68.7	68.9	68.0	68.0	67.9	67.8	68.1	68.2
Employed	86,417	86,182	86,368	85,483	85,490	85,208	84,882	85,514	85,390
Employment-population ratio	66.2	65.9	65.9	65.5	65.5	65.2	64.9	65.3	65.2
Unemployed	3,231	3,719	3,889	3,266	3,323	3,500	3,737	3,657	3,903
Unemployment rate	3.6	4.1	4.3	3.7	3.7	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.4
Not in labor force	40,859	40,974	40,719	41,758	41,793	41,986	42,163	41,704	41,682
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,735	121,929	122,021	121,735	121,685	121,763	121,844	121,929	122,021
Civilian labor force	86,062	85,994	86,388	85,770	85,398	85,382	85,229	85,846	86,054
Participation rate	70.7	70.5	70.8	70.5	70.2	70.1	69.9	70.4	70.5
Employed	83,320	82,865	83,026	82,896	82,543	82,318	81,986	82,618	82,576
Employment-population ratio	68.4	68.0	68.0	68.1	67.8	67.6	67.3	67.8	67.7
Unemployed	2,743	3,129	3,362	2,874	2,855	3,064	3,243	3,227	3,477
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.6	3.9	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.8	3.8	4.0
Not in labor force	35,673	35,935	35,633	35,965	36,287	36,381	36,615	36,083	35,968
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	136,496	137,564	137,669	136,496	137,279	137,372	137,465	137,564	137,669
Civilian labor force	78,706	79,107	79,467	78,364	79,083	79,274	79,113	78,838	79,136
Participation rate	57.7	57.5	57.7	57.4	57.6	57.7	57.6	57.3	57.5
Employed	75,565	75,592	75,670	75,727	75,976	76,283	76,201	75,684	75,876
Employment-population ratio	55.4	55.0	55.0	55.5	55.3	55.5	55.4	55.0	55.1
Unemployed	3,141	3,515	3,797	2,638	3,106	2,991	2,912	3,154	3,260
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.4	4.8	3.4	3.9	3.8	3.7	4.0	4.1
Not in labor force	57,790	58,457	58,203	58,132	58,197	58,098	58,353	58,725	58,533
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,028	128,922	129,021	128,028	128,659	128,742	128,830	128,922	129,021
Civilian labor force	74,856	75,336	75,657	75,167	75,792	75,989	75,812	75,587	75,968
Participation rate	58.5	58.4	58.6	58.7	58.9	59.0	58.8	58.6	58.9
Employed	72,120	72,339	72,348	72,837	73,061	73,334	73,226	72,798	73,078
Employment-population ratio	56.3	56.1	56.1	56.9	56.8	57.0	56.8	56.5	56.6
Unemployed	2,737	2,997	3,309	2,330	2,731	2,655	2,586	2,788	2,890
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.0	4.4	3.1	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.8
Not in labor force	53,171	53,585	53,364	52,861	52,867	52,753	53,018	53,335	53,052
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,239	17,588	17,602	17,239	17,540	17,561	17,574	17,588	17,602
Civilian labor force	7,435	7,676	7,678	6,176	6,704	6,611	6,692	6,577	6,407
Participation rate	43.1	43.6	43.6	35.8	38.2	37.6	38.1	37.4	36.4
Employed	6,542	6,569	6,664	5,476	5,862	5,839	5,871	5,782	5,612
Employment-population ratio	38.0	37.3	37.9	31.8	33.4	33.2	33.4	32.9	31.9
Unemployed	893	1,107	1,014	699	842	772	821	795	795
Unemployment rate	12.0	14.4	13.2	11.3	12.6	11.7	12.3	12.1	12.4
Not in labor force	9,804	9,912	9,924	11,063	10,835	10,950	10,882	11,011	11,195
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024	July 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	204,536	205,010	205,114	204,536	204,752	204,831	204,917	205,010	205,114
Civilian labor force	128,184	128,224	128,804	127,351	127,596	127,708	127,384	127,552	127,887
Participation rate	62.7	62.5	62.8	62.3	62.3	62.3	62.2	62.2	62.3
Employed	123,917	123,477	123,595	123,366	123,286	123,229	122,922	123,095	123,032
Employment-population ratio	60.6	60.2	60.3	60.3	60.2	60.2	60.0	60.0	60.0
Unemployed	4,267	4,747	5,209	3,986	4,310	4,479	4,462	4,457	4,854
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.7	4.0	3.1	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.8
Not in labor force	76,352	76,786	76,311	77,185	77,156	77,123	77,533	77,457	77,228
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,599	66,275	66,534	66,428	65,963	65,982	65,797	66,154	66,313
Participation rate	70.3	70.1	70.3	70.2	69.8	69.8	69.6	70.0	70.1
Employed	64,674	64,203	64,312	64,394	64,029	63,801	63,588	64,011	64,005
Employment-population ratio	68.3	67.9	68.0	68.0	67.8	67.5	67.3	67.7	67.6
Unemployed	1,925	2,072	2,222	2,033	1,933	2,181	2,208	2,143	2,308
Unemployment rate	2.9	3.1	3.3	3.1	2.9	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,899	55,969	56,257	56,173	56,489	56,622	56,441	56,268	56,529
Participation rate	57.4	57.3	57.5	57.7	57.9	58.0	57.8	57.6	57.8
Employed	54,099	54,059	54,005	54,670	54,677	54,843	54,752	54,505	54,583
Employment-population ratio	55.6	55.3	55.2	56.2	56.0	56.2	56.0	55.8	55.8
Unemployed	1,800	1,910	2,252	1,503	1,811	1,779	1,689	1,763	1,946
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.4	4.0	2.7	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,686	5,979	6,013	4,751	5,145	5,103	5,146	5,131	5,044
Participation rate	45.4	47.0	47.3	37.9	40.5	40.2	40.5	40.4	39.7
Employed	5,145	5,214	5,279	4,302	4,580	4,584	4,582	4,580	4,444
Employment-population ratio	41.1	41.0	41.5	34.4	36.1	36.1	36.1	36.0	34.9
Unemployed	542	765	734	449	565	519	564	551	600
Unemployment rate	9.5	12.8	12.2	9.5	11.0	10.2	11.0	10.7	11.9
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,678	34,982	35,017	34,678	34,883	34,918	34,949	34,982	35,017
Civilian labor force	21,993	22,126	22,346	21,771	22,170	22,051	21,986	21,942	22,124
Participation rate	63.4	63.3	63.8	62.8	63.6	63.2	62.9	62.7	63.2
Employed	20,596	20,654	20,819	20,523	20,746	20,812	20,643	20,570	20,739
Employment-population ratio	59.4	59.0	59.5	59.2	59.5	59.6	59.1	58.8	59.2
Unemployed	1,396	1,472	1,526	1,248	1,424	1,239	1,343	1,372	1,385
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.7	6.8	5.7	6.4	5.6	6.1	6.3	6.3
Not in labor force	12,686	12,856	12,671	12,907	12,713	12,867	12,963	13,040	12,893
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,197	10,328	10,445	10,130	10,317	10,194	10,150	10,269	10,370
Participation rate	68.9	69.5	70.2	68.4	69.6	68.7	68.3	69.1	69.7
Employed	9,656	9,715	9,749	9,593	9,677	9,661	9,497	9,643	9,681
Employment-population ratio	65.2	65.3	65.5	64.8	65.3	65.1	63.9	64.9	65.1
Unemployed	542	613	696	537	640	533	654	626	689
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.9	6.7	5.3	6.2	5.2	6.4	6.1	6.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,905	10,911	11,019	10,922	10,999	10,991	10,994	10,906	11,029
Participation rate	62.9	62.4	62.9	63.0	63.0	62.9	62.9	62.3	63.0
Employed	10,265	10,244	10,331	10,358	10,387	10,442	10,421	10,289	10,428
Employment-population ratio	59.2	58.5	59.0	59.8	59.5	59.8	59.6	58.8	59.5
Unemployed	640	667	688	564	612	548	572	617	601
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.1	6.2	5.2	5.6	5.0	5.2	5.7	5.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	890	888	881	719	854	867	842	767	725
Participation rate	35.1	33.9	33.6	28.3	32.8	33.2	32.2	29.3	27.6
Employed	676	695	739	573	682	709	725	637	630
Employment-population ratio	26.6	26.6	28.2	22.5	26.2	27.2	27.7	24.3	24.0
Unemployed	215	192	142	146	171	158	117	130	95
Unemployment rate	24.1	21.7	16.1	20.3	20.1	18.2	13.9	16.9	13.1
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,600	18,052	17,971	17,600	17,781	17,816	17,993	18,052	17,971
Civilian labor force	11,636	11,955	11,924	11,529	11,403	11,536	11,754	11,888	11,814
Participation rate	66.1	66.2	66.4	65.5	64.1	64.7	65.3	65.9	65.7
Employed	11,343	11,428	11,466	11,260	11,113	11,214	11,393	11,400	11,383
Employment-population ratio	64.4	63.3	63.8	64.0	62.5	62.9	63.3	63.2	63.3
Unemployed	294	527	459	269	290	322	361	488	431
Unemployment rate	2.5	4.4	3.8	2.3	2.5	2.8	3.1	4.1	3.7
Not in labor force	5,964	6,097	6,047	6,071	6,379	6,280	6,239	6,163	6,158
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024	July 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	47,569	48,864	48,966	47,569	48,565	48,667	48,764	48,864	48,966
Civilian labor force	32,116	33,173	33,011	32,018	32,442	32,777	32,815	33,002	32,946
Participation rate	67.5	67.9	67.4	67.3	66.8	67.3	67.3	67.5	67.3
Employed	30,668	31,531	31,207	30,609	30,994	31,187	31,185	31,388	31,191
Employment-population ratio	64.5	64.5	63.7	64.3	63.8	64.1	64.0	64.2	63.7
Unemployed	1,448	1,642	1,805	1,410	1,448	1,589	1,630	1,614	1,755
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.9	5.5	4.4	4.5	4.8	5.0	4.9	5.3
Not in labor force	15,453	15,691	15,954	15,551	16,123	15,890	15,949	15,862	16,020
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,271	17,800	17,718	17,264	17,455	17,532	17,592	17,769	17,710
Participation rate	79.9	80.6	80.1	79.9	79.5	79.7	79.8	80.5	80.0
Employed	16,660	17,118	16,990	16,591	16,800	16,765	16,767	17,023	16,923
Employment-population ratio	77.1	77.5	76.8	76.8	76.5	76.2	76.1	77.1	76.5
Unemployed	611	682	728	673	654	766	826	746	786
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.8	4.1	3.9	3.7	4.4	4.7	4.2	4.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,179	13,566	13,583	13,261	13,483	13,638	13,582	13,555	13,690
Participation rate	61.1	61.1	61.1	61.5	61.1	61.7	61.3	61.1	61.6
Employed	12,617	12,932	12,807	12,724	12,870	13,016	13,032	12,951	12,949
Employment-population ratio	58.5	58.3	57.6	59.0	58.4	58.9	58.9	58.4	58.2
Unemployed	562	634	776	536	612	623	550	604	741
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.7	5.7	4.0	4.5	4.6	4.1	4.5	5.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,667	1,807	1,711	1,493	1,504	1,607	1,641	1,678	1,546
Participation rate	37.9	39.3	37.2	34.0	33.0	35.1	35.8	36.5	33.6
Employed	1,391	1,481	1,409	1,293	1,323	1,406	1,386	1,414	1,319
Employment-population ratio	31.6	32.2	30.6	29.4	29.0	30.7	30.2	30.8	28.7
Unemployed	276	326	302	200	181	200	254	264	227
Unemployment rate	16.5	18.1	17.6	13.4	12.0	12.5	15.5	15.7	14.7
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024	July 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,741	9,346	8,997	8,960	8,916	8,990	9,046	9,145	9,199
Participation rate	46.7	48.0	47.9	47.9	46.3	46.8	46.0	47.0	49.0
Employed	8,303	8,849	8,408	8,485	8,483	8,451	8,515	8,604	8,583
Employment-population ratio	44.3	45.4	44.8	45.3	44.1	44.0	43.3	44.2	45.7
Unemployed	438	497	589	474	433	539	531	541	616
Unemployment rate	5.0	5.3	6.5	5.3	4.9	6.0	5.9	5.9	6.7
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,766	35,951	36,537	35,969	36,364	36,208	36,340	36,235	36,721
Participation rate	56.2	56.6	56.7	56.5	57.3	56.7	56.8	57.0	57.0
Employed	34,572	34,494	34,832	34,767	34,866	34,757	34,785	34,709	35,015
Employment-population ratio	54.3	54.3	54.1	54.6	54.9	54.4	54.4	54.6	54.3
Unemployed	1,193	1,457	1,705	1,202	1,498	1,451	1,555	1,526	1,707
Unemployment rate	3.3	4.1	4.7	3.3	4.1	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.6
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,640	35,473	35,537	35,744	36,147	36,225	35,610	35,569	35,688
Participation rate	62.6	62.5	62.7	62.7	63.2	62.9	63.1	62.7	63.0
Employed	34,452	34,244	34,198	34,622	34,918	35,017	34,517	34,353	34,425
Employment-population ratio	60.5	60.3	60.4	60.8	61.1	60.8	61.1	60.5	60.8
Unemployed	1,188	1,229	1,339	1,122	1,229	1,208	1,092	1,216	1,263
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.5	3.8	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.5
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	64,525	64,855	65,086	64,702	64,478	64,449	64,994	65,352	65,256
Participation rate	73.1	72.3	72.5	73.3	72.4	72.8	72.8	72.8	72.7
Employed	63,032	63,198	63,340	63,410	63,095	63,047	63,622	63,800	63,724
Employment-population ratio	71.4	70.4	70.5	71.8	70.8	71.2	71.3	71.1	71.0
Unemployed	1,494	1,657	1,746	1,292	1,383	1,402	1,372	1,552	1,532
Unemployment rate	2.3	2.6	2.7	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.3
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	July 2023	July 2024	July 2023	July 2024	July 2023	July 2024
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,898	17,556	15,857	15,505	2,041	2,051
Civilian labor force	8,583	8,374	7,462	7,222	1,121	1,152
Participation rate	48.0	47.7	47.1	46.6	54.9	56.2
Employed	8,333	8,119	7,271	7,025	1,062	1,094
Employment-population ratio	46.6	46.2	45.9	45.3	52.0	53.4
Unemployed	250	255	191	197	59	57
Unemployment rate	2.9	3.0	2.6	2.7	5.2	5.0
Not in labor force	9,315	9,182	8,395	8,283	920	899
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,946	5,299	4,047	4,365	898	934
Civilian labor force	3,870	4,181	3,255	3,508	615	674
Participation rate	78.3	78.9	80.4	80.4	68.5	72.1
Employed	3,737	4,046	3,145	3,410	592	636
Employment-population ratio	75.6	76.4	77.7	78.1	65.9	68.1
Unemployed	133	135	110	97	24	37
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.2	3.4	2.8	3.9	5.6
Not in labor force	1,075	1,118	792	857	283	260
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,057	2,849	2,587	2,382	471	467
Civilian labor force	2,201	1,906	1,883	1,622	318	284
Participation rate	72.0	66.9	72.8	68.1	67.5	60.8
Employed	2,140	1,874	1,843	1,597	297	277
Employment-population ratio	70.0	65.8	71.3	67.0	63.1	59.4
Unemployed	61	32	40	25	21	7
Unemployment rate	2.8	1.7	2.1	1.6	6.6	2.3
Not in labor force	856	943	703	760	153	183
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,964	5,627	5,711	5,389	253	238
Civilian labor force	805	712	771	691	34	22
Participation rate	13.5	12.7	13.5	12.8	13.5	9.2
Employed	784	671	756	657	29	14
Employment-population ratio	13.2	11.9	13.2	12.2	11.4	5.8
Unemployed	21	41	15	33	5	8
Unemployment rate	2.5	5.8	2.0	4.8	-	-
Not in labor force	5,159	4,915	4,940	4,698	219	216
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,931	3,781	3,512	3,369	419	412
Civilian labor force	1,707	1,574	1,553	1,402	153	172
Participation rate	43.4	41.6	44.2	41.6	36.6	41.8
Employed	1,672	1,527	1,527	1,360	145	167
Employment-population ratio	42.5	40.4	43.5	40.4	34.6	40.5
Unemployed	35	47	26	41	9	5
Unemployment rate	2.0	3.0	1.7	3.0	5.6	3.1
Not in labor force	2,224	2,207	1,959	1,967	266	240
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	239,940	241,785	110,050	110,674	129,890	131,112
Civilian labor force	156,857	158,352	80,821	81,576	76,036	76,775
Participation rate	65.4	65.5	73.4	73.7	58.5	58.6
Employed	151,109	151,309	77,979	78,050	73,131	73,259
Employment-population ratio	63.0	62.6	70.9	70.5	56.3	55.9
Unemployed	5,748	7,043	2,842	3,526	2,905	3,516
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.4	3.5	4.3	3.8	4.6
Not in labor force	83,083	83,434	29,228	29,097	53,854	54,336
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	July 2023	July 2024	July 2023	July 2024
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,894	33,362	233,109	235,282
Civilian labor force	8,330	8,077	160,023	161,646
Participation rate	24.6	24.2	68.6	68.7
Employed	7,756	7,418	154,226	154,620
Employment-population ratio	22.9	22.2	66.2	65.7
Unemployed	574	659	5,798	7,027
Unemployment rate	6.9	8.2	3.6	4.3
Not in labor force	25,563	25,285	73,085	73,636
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,596	3,389	79,971	80,504
Participation rate	42.3	42.2	83.7	84.1
Employed	3,358	3,120	77,126	77,105
Employment-population ratio	39.5	38.9	80.7	80.6
Unemployed	238	268	2,845	3,399
Unemployment rate	6.6	7.9	3.6	4.2
Not in labor force	4,914	4,642	15,583	15,184
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,267	3,277	70,285	70,842
Participation rate	38.5	38.8	73.1	73.3
Employed	2,982	2,961	67,597	67,628
Employment-population ratio	35.2	35.1	70.3	69.9
Unemployed	285	316	2,688	3,213
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.7	3.8	4.5
Not in labor force	5,212	5,164	25,838	25,859
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,467	1,411	9,768	10,300
Participation rate	8.7	8.4	23.6	24.0
Employed	1,416	1,337	9,503	9,886
Employment-population ratio	8.4	7.9	22.9	23.0
Unemployed	51	74	265	414
Unemployment rate	3.5	5.2	2.7	4.0
Not in labor force	15,438	15,479	31,664	32,593
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	July 2023	July 2024	July 2023	July 2024	July 2023	July 2024
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	46,107	48,327	22,508	23,491	23,599	24,836
Civilian labor force	30,870	32,518	17,630	18,389	13,240	14,129
Participation rate	67.0	67.3	78.3	78.3	56.1	56.9
Employed	29,728	31,001	17,069	17,696	12,659	13,305
Employment-population ratio	64.5	64.1	75.8	75.3	53.6	53.6
Unemployed	1,142	1,517	561	693	581	824
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.7	3.2	3.8	4.4	5.8
Not in labor force	15,237	15,809	4,878	5,101	10,360	10,708
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	220,895	220,317	107,999	107,484	112,897	112,833
Civilian labor force	137,484	137,205	72,018	71,867	65,466	65,338
Participation rate	62.2	62.3	66.7	66.9	58.0	57.9
Employed	132,254	131,037	69,348	68,671	62,906	62,365
Employment-population ratio	59.9	59.5	64.2	63.9	55.7	55.3
Unemployed	5,230	6,168	2,669	3,196	2,561	2,973
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.5	3.7	4.4	3.9	4.5
Not in labor force	83,412	83,112	35,981	35,617	47,430	47,495
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024	July 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,392	2,513	2,421	2,251	2,217	2,246	2,221	2,379	2,273
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,633	1,779	1,729	1,519	1,507	1,555	1,504	1,666	1,595
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	719	694	673	686	654	657	657	655	641
Unpaid family workers	40	40	20	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	159,590	159,261	159,616	159,089	158,970	159,161	158,919	158,984	159,100
Wage and salary workers(1)	150,596	150,084	150,290	150,082	149,513	149,831	149,413	149,846	149,789
Government	20,293	21,069	20,704	21,191	21,436	21,616	21,613	21,560	21,607
Private industries	130,303	129,015	129,586	128,832	128,092	128,170	127,746	128,300	128,166
Private households	689	612	629	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	129,614	128,403	128,956	128,168	127,331	127,493	127,072	127,646	127,515
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,930	9,126	9,285	8,827	9,522	9,295	9,408	9,025	9,191
Unpaid family workers	63	51	41	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,158	4,421	4,718	4,008	4,308	4,469	4,419	4,220	4,566
Slack work or business conditions	2,743	2,853	2,996	2,734	2,972	3,058	3,086	2,832	2,985
Could only find part-time work	1,078	1,181	1,301	1,016	999	1,134	1,042	1,144	1,195
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,648	21,341	20,566	22,032	22,902	22,253	22,662	22,341	22,036
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,082	4,350	4,661	3,915	4,255	4,404	4,340	4,138	4,491
Slack work or business conditions	2,693	2,806	2,954	2,677	2,949	3,010	3,036	2,778	2,937
Could only find part-time work	1,073	1,171	1,291	1,014	980	1,132	1,028	1,134	1,188
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,202	20,952	20,201	21,598	22,523	21,906	22,285	21,947	21,681
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024	July 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	161,982	161,774	162,038	161,209	161,466	161,491	161,083	161,199	161,266
16 to 19 years	6,542	6,569	6,664	5,476	5,862	5,839	5,871	5,782	5,612
16 to 17 years	2,539	2,502	2,609	2,091	2,146	2,116	2,153	2,207	2,139
18 to 19 years	4,003	4,067	4,054	3,360	3,756	3,727	3,733	3,556	3,418
20 years and over	155,439	155,205	155,374	155,733	155,604	155,652	155,212	155,417	155,654
20 to 24 years	15,080	14,420	14,596	14,557	14,287	14,419	13,945	14,050	14,081
25 years and over	140,359	140,784	140,778	141,157	141,485	141,328	141,385	141,364	141,594
25 to 54 years	102,940	103,600	103,547	103,516	103,669	103,832	103,919	103,874	104,120
25 to 34 years	35,997	35,593	35,418	36,148	35,667	35,638	35,694	35,645	35,569
35 to 44 years	35,173	36,023	36,057	35,375	36,123	36,197	36,121	36,147	36,270
45 to 54 years	31,771	31,984	32,072	31,993	31,879	31,997	32,105	32,081	32,281
55 years and over	37,418	37,185	37,231	37,641	37,816	37,497	37,466	37,491	37,475
Men, 16 years and over	86,417	86,182	86,368	85,483	85,490	85,208	84,882	85,514	85,390
16 to 19 years	3,097	3,317	3,342	2,587	2,947	2,890	2,896	2,896	2,814
16 to 17 years	1,167	1,251	1,293	952	1,022	1,000	996	1,061	1,045
18 to 19 years	1,930	2,065	2,049	1,612	1,964	1,901	1,915	1,818	1,720
20 years and over	83,320	82,865	83,026	82,896	82,543	82,318	81,986	82,618	82,576
20 to 24 years	7,789	7,461	7,517	7,429	7,222	7,381	7,110	7,218	7,160
25 years and over	75,531	75,404	75,509	75,446	75,496	75,012	74,943	75,358	75,412
25 to 54 years	55,437	55,397	55,494	55,339	55,179	55,027	54,970	55,294	55,378
25 to 34 years	19,365	19,021	19,083	19,324	18,957	18,893	18,872	18,992	19,033
35 to 44 years	19,155	19,344	19,432	19,098	19,332	19,234	19,210	19,304	19,371
45 to 54 years	16,918	17,033	16,979	16,917	16,890	16,900	16,888	16,998	16,973
55 years and over	20,094	20,006	20,014	20,107	20,316	19,985	19,973	20,063	20,035
Women, 16 years and over	75,565	75,592	75,670	75,727	75,976	76,283	76,201	75,684	75,876
16 to 19 years	3,445	3,252	3,322	2,890	2,915	2,949	2,975	2,886	2,798
16 to 17 years	1,372	1,250	1,317	1,139	1,124	1,116	1,158	1,145	1,095
18 to 19 years	2,073	2,002	2,005	1,748	1,793	1,827	1,818	1,739	1,698
20 years and over	72,120	72,339	72,348	72,837	73,061	73,334	73,226	72,798	73,078
20 to 24 years	7,291	6,959	7,078	7,128	7,065	7,038	6,835	6,833	6,921
25 years and over	64,828	65,380	65,270	65,711	65,989	66,316	66,442	66,007	66,182
25 to 54 years	47,504	48,202	48,053	48,177	48,490	48,805	48,950	48,579	48,742
25 to 34 years	16,632	16,572	16,335	16,824	16,710	16,745	16,822	16,653	16,536
35 to 44 years	16,018	16,679	16,625	16,277	16,791	16,963	16,910	16,843	16,899
45 to 54 years	14,853	14,951	15,093	15,076	14,989	15,096	15,217	15,083	15,308
55 years and over	17,325	17,178	17,217	17,533	17,500	17,511	17,492	17,427	17,440
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,587	45,752	45,792	45,931	45,962	45,547	45,712	45,902	46,060
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,768	36,522	36,393	37,349	37,069	36,906	37,020	36,964	36,981
Women who maintain families(2)	9,869	9,888	10,066	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	135,494	134,301	135,036	134,192	132,940	133,889	133,264	133,236	133,684
Part-time workers(4)	26,488	27,472	27,002	27,181	28,632	27,718	28,004	28,054	27,729
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,091	8,194	8,402	8,162	8,476	8,383	8,399	8,340	8,473
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.3
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	7,158	6,974	6,911	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,649	9,820	9,957	9,512	10,176	9,952	10,065	9,681	9,831
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024	July 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	5,904	6,811	7,163	3.5	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.3
16 to 19 years	699	795	795	11.3	12.6	11.7	12.3	12.1	12.4
16 to 17 years	265	317	274	11.3	14.1	12.6	13.6	12.6	11.3
18 to 19 years	437	475	534	11.5	11.5	11.3	11.4	11.8	13.5
20 years and over	5,205	6,016	6,368	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.9
20 to 24 years	1,048	1,136	1,168	6.7	7.1	6.7	7.9	7.5	7.7
25 years and over	4,097	4,875	5,141	2.8	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.5
25 to 54 years	3,222	3,783	3,940	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.6
25 to 34 years	1,359	1,656	1,791	3.6	4.1	3.8	4.1	4.4	4.8
35 to 44 years	1,095	1,244	1,180	3.0	2.6	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.2
45 to 54 years	768	883	968	2.3	2.9	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.9
55 years and over	893	1,078	1,200	2.3	2.6	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.1
Men, 16 years and over	3,266	3,657	3,903	3.7	3.7	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.4
16 to 19 years	392	430	426	13.2	13.7	13.1	14.6	12.9	13.1
16 to 17 years	145	149	123	13.3	14.1	13.8	16.6	12.3	10.5
18 to 19 years	241	279	309	13.0	13.2	12.8	13.0	13.3	15.2
20 years and over	2,874	3,227	3,477	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.8	3.8	4.0
20 to 24 years	576	624	612	7.2	7.1	6.6	8.3	8.0	7.9
25 years and over	2,244	2,574	2,808	2.9	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.6
25 to 54 years	1,789	1,991	2,134	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.7
25 to 34 years	768	847	945	3.8	4.1	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.7
35 to 44 years	557	658	673	2.8	2.2	3.0	3.4	3.3	3.4
45 to 54 years	464	486	516	2.7	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9
55 years and over	454	583	674	2.2	2.6	3.1	2.7	2.8	3.3
Women, 16 years and over	2,638	3,154	3,260	3.4	3.9	3.8	3.7	4.0	4.1
16 to 19 years	307	365	369	9.6	11.4	10.2	9.9	11.2	11.7
16 to 17 years	120	168	151	9.5	14.2	11.6	10.8	12.8	12.1
18 to 19 years	196	196	224	10.1	9.7	9.6	9.7	10.1	11.7
20 years and over	2,330	2,788	2,890	3.1	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.8
20 to 24 years	472	512	556	6.2	7.1	6.7	7.4	7.0	7.4
25 years and over	1,854	2,302	2,333	2.7	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.4	3.4
25 to 54 years	1,432	1,792	1,805	2.9	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.6	3.6
25 to 34 years	590	810	846	3.4	4.0	3.7	3.7	4.6	4.9
35 to 44 years	538	586	507	3.2	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.4	2.9
45 to 54 years	304	396	453	2.0	2.8	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.9
55 years and over	429	514	521	2.4	2.6	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.9
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	812	905	980	1.7	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.9	2.1
Married women, spouse present(1)	777	870	895	2.0	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.4
Women who maintain families(2)	466	653	592	4.5	5.3	4.8	4.4	6.2	5.6
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,738	5,557	5,786	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1
Part-time workers(4)	1,157	1,218	1,361	4.1	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.2	4.7
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024	July 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,801	3,199	3,649	2,703	3,042	3,241	3,220	3,176	3,490
On temporary layoff	873	873	1,266	723	779	871	836	813	1,062
Not on temporary layoff	1,928	2,326	2,382	1,980	2,263	2,370	2,384	2,362	2,427
Permanent job losers	1,381	1,641	1,669	1,398	1,655	1,756	1,764	1,643	1,682
Persons who completed temporary jobs	547	685	714	582	607	615	620	719	746
Job leavers	891	730	894	854	823	785	717	752	855
Reentrants	1,989	2,307	2,329	1,868	1,920	1,929	2,046	2,094	2,160
New entrants	691	997	814	534	678	574	630	708	650
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	44.0	44.2	47.5	45.4	47.1	49.6	48.7	47.2	48.8
On temporary layoff	13.7	12.1	16.5	12.1	12.1	13.3	12.6	12.1	14.8
Not on temporary layoff	30.3	32.2	31.0	33.2	35.0	36.3	36.0	35.1	33.9
Job leavers	14.0	10.1	11.6	14.3	12.7	12.0	10.8	11.2	11.9
Reentrants	31.2	31.9	30.3	31.3	29.7	29.5	30.9	31.1	30.2
New entrants	10.8	13.8	10.6	9.0	10.5	8.8	9.5	10.5	9.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.7	1.9	2.1	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.1
Job leavers	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reentrants	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3
New entrants	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024	July 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,283	2,834	2,638	2,007	2,189	2,262	2,309	2,128	2,351
5 to 14 weeks	2,048	1,920	2,542	1,741	1,979	1,987	1,918	2,102	2,141
15 weeks and over	2,041	2,479	2,505	2,160	2,228	2,119	2,305	2,603	2,622
15 to 26 weeks	820	1,016	938	956	982	869	955	1,087	1,087
27 weeks and over	1,221	1,464	1,568	1,205	1,246	1,250	1,350	1,516	1,535
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	19.6	19.3	19.6	20.6	21.6	19.9	21.2	20.7	20.6
Median duration, in weeks	8.1	7.5	8.7	8.9	9.5	8.7	8.9	9.8	9.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	35.8	39.2	34.3	34.0	34.2	35.5	35.3	31.1	33.0
5 to 14 weeks	32.1	26.5	33.1	29.5	30.9	31.2	29.4	30.8	30.1
15 weeks and over	32.0	34.3	32.6	36.6	34.8	33.3	35.3	38.1	36.9
15 to 26 weeks	12.9	14.0	12.2	16.2	15.3	13.6	14.6	15.9	15.3
27 weeks and over	19.2	20.2	20.4	20.4	19.5	19.6	20.7	22.2	21.6
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	July 2023	July 2024	July 2023	July 2024	July 2023	July 2024
Total, 16 years and over(1)	161,982	162,038	6,372	7,685	3.8	4.5
Management, professional, and related occupations	69,662	70,167	1,701	2,095	2.4	2.9
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,488	30,816	589	740	1.9	2.3
Professional and related occupations	39,174	39,351	1,112	1,355	2.8	3.3
Service occupations	27,173	27,346	1,335	1,469	4.7	5.1
Sales and office occupations	30,623	29,919	1,049	1,279	3.3	4.1
Sales and related occupations	14,569	14,104	564	680	3.7	4.6
Office and administrative support occupations	16,054	15,814	486	598	2.9	3.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,444	14,740	499	713	3.3	4.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,153	1,129	39	119	3.2	9.6
Construction and extraction occupations	8,341	8,759	363	442	4.2	4.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,949	4,853	97	151	1.9	3.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,080	19,866	1,069	1,293	5.1	6.1
Production occupations	8,278	7,889	350	416	4.1	5.0
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,801	11,977	719	877	5.7	6.8
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	July 2023	July 2024	July 2023	July 2024
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,372	7,685	3.8	4.5
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,673	5,636	3.5	4.2
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	17	31	2.7	5.4
Construction	410	420	3.9	3.9
Manufacturing	420	537	2.7	3.6
Durable goods	261	298	2.6	3.1
Nondurable goods	159	239	2.9	4.5
Wholesale and retail trade	758	965	3.8	4.9
Transportation and utilities	374	432	4.5	5.1
Information	64	145	2.4	5.6
Financial activities	197	256	1.9	2.5
Professional and business services	688	845	3.5	4.2
Education and health services	722	973	2.8	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	836	811	5.8	5.5
Other services	187	219	2.7	3.2
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	63	152	3.8	8.5
Government workers	657	762	3.1	3.5
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	288	322	2.9	3.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024	July 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.2	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.7	1.9	2.1	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.1
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.8	4.3	4.5	3.5	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.3
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.0	4.5	4.8	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.5
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.6	5.1	5.4	4.3	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.9	5.1
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.1	7.7	8.2	6.7	7.3	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.8
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	July 2023	July 2024	July 2023	July 2024	July 2023	July 2024
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	98,649	98,921	40,859	40,719	57,790	58,203
Persons who currently want a job	5,578	5,950	2,514	2,723	3,064	3,227
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,467	1,628	740	896	726	732
Discouraged workers(2)	381	449	268	282	112	167
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,086	1,178	472	614	614	565
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,091	8,402	3,945	4,056	4,146	4,346
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.2	4.6	4.7	5.5	5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,556	4,793	2,356	2,577	2,200	2,216
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,003	2,028	820	679	1,183	1,349
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	421	464	214	264	207	199
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,022	1,043	520	499	502	544
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)	Change from: June2024 - July2024(p)
Total nonfarm	155,981	158,842	159,360	158,445	156,211	158,430	158,609	158,723	114
Total private	134,371	135,293	136,217	136,308	133,418	135,151	135,287	135,384	97
Goods-producing	21,889	21,838	22,073	22,134	21,604	21,810	21,821	21,846	25
Mining and logging	652	633	638	640	644	634	634	633	-1
Logging	46.5	37.6	38.1	38.6	45.3	39.6	38.5	37.6	-0.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	605.2	594.9	600.0	601.1	598.5	593.9	595.5	595.0	-0.5
Oil and gas extraction	118.0	118.9	121.1	121.6	117.1	119.9	120.6	120.6	0.0
Mining (except oil and gas)	191.5	191.2	192.7	193.9	187.5	190.2	190.1	190.1	0.0
Coal mining	43.4	43.9	44.2	44.3	43.2	43.8	44.2	44.1	-0.1
Metal ore mining	43.9	43.2	43.7	43.9	43.4	43.3	43.4	43.5	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	104.2	104.1	104.8	105.7	100.9	103.0	102.5	102.6	0.1
Support activities for mining	295.7	284.8	286.2	285.6	293.9	283.8	284.8	284.3	-0.5
Construction	8,240	8,265	8,412	8,484	8,021	8,215	8,235	8,260	25
Construction of buildings	1,844.1	1,864.0	1,905.3	1,919.5	1,807.1	1,869.1	1,877.4	1,881.1	3.7
Residential building construction	938.4	947.7	960.7	969.2	920.3	947.7	948.5	950.2	1.7
Nonresidential building construction	905.7	916.3	944.6	950.3	886.8	921.4	928.9	930.9	2.0
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,170.1	1,172.5	1,191.1	1,198.4	1,118.2	1,142.8	1,144.5	1,147.4	2.9
Specialty trade contractors	5,226.1	5,228.8	5,315.7	5,365.7	5,095.2	5,203.3	5,213.2	5,231.9	18.7
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,444.3	2,422.9	2,467.3	2,483.5	2,381.9	2,408.2	2,412.2	2,419.6	7.4
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,781.8	2,805.9	2,848.4	2,882.2	2,713.3	2,795.1	2,801.0	2,812.3	11.3
Manufacturing	12,997	12,940	13,023	13,010	12,939	12,961	12,952	12,953	1
Durable goods	8,134	8,133	8,176	8,149	8,113	8,142	8,129	8,129	0
Wood product manufacturing	417.3	415.3	419.0	419.3	415.1	416.3	417.2	416.9	-0.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	425.3	423.6	429.7	430.9	420.3	422.0	423.5	425.5	2.0
Primary metal manufacturing	377.6	372.8	375.1	376.4	377.1	373.3	373.7	375.0	1.3
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,458.3	1,466.1	1,467.8	1,465.9	1,452.0	1,464.7	1,458.7	1,459.7	1.0
Machinery manufacturing	1,144.6	1,137.4	1,140.3	1,136.9	1,136.3	1,136.7	1,130.9	1,129.3	-1.6
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,121.0	1,098.2	1,106.3	1,110.2	1,112.2	1,102.4	1,100.7	1,101.0	0.3
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	164.8	160.0	160.9	161.5	163.7	161.2	160.7	160.6	-0.1
Communications equipment manufacturing	87.6	85.8	86.1	85.6	86.7	86.2	85.3	84.8	-0.5
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	397.7	390.7	394.8	396.0	393.5	391.7	391.9	392.1	0.2
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	438.9	430.8	433.1	435.8	436.8	432.4	431.8	432.8	1.0
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	32.0	30.9	31.4	31.3	31.5	30.9	31.0	30.8	-0.2
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	416.4	408.9	409.5	409.7	414.3	410.2	408.0	407.7	-0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,784.1	1,843.6	1,859.9	1,836.8	1,801.1	1,851.2	1,854.2	1,855.6	1.4
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,026.6	1,069.2	1,078.5	1,055.3	1,047.0	1,073.1	1,077.9	1,076.6	-1.3
Furniture and related product manufacturing	357.4	343.9	345.3	340.6	356.2	342.9	342.6	339.9	-2.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing	632.3	623.1	623.1	622.3	628.0	622.1	619.3	618.8	-0.5
Nondurable goods	4,863	4,807	4,847	4,861	4,826	4,819	4,823	4,824	1
Food manufacturing	1,732.1	1,725.1	1,740.6	1,755.2	1,717.9	1,736.8	1,739.8	1,741.7	1.9
Textile mills	91.0	89.8	89.9	90.4	90.6	90.0	89.6	89.9	0.3
Textile product mills	98.0	96.0	95.3	94.1	97.9	96.1	95.6	94.3	-1.3
Apparel manufacturing	89.2	84.6	85.2	84.9	89.3	84.4	84.3	84.6	0.3
Paper manufacturing	355.4	343.5	348.0	350.6	355.7	345.9	348.3	350.7	2.4
Printing and related support activities	369.7	363.1	362.3	361.2	368.6	363.4	361.5	360.5	-1.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	110.8	110.9	111.7	111.2	107.8	109.3	109.0	108.5	-0.5
Chemical manufacturing	903.8	900.8	904.7	906.6	898.9	900.8	900.7	901.4	0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	739.7	727.7	729.7	726.7	737.3	726.9	724.9	724.0	-0.9
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	373.7	365.4	379.1	379.9	362.1	365.4	369.2	367.9	-1.3
Private service-providing	112,482	113,455	114,144	114,174	111,814	113,341	113,466	113,538	72
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,770	28,884	29,020	29,001	28,869	29,037	29,057	29,079	22
Wholesale trade	6,153.6	6,164.6	6,204.7	6,210.0	6,120.1	6,163.8	6,172.9	6,177.2	4.3
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,409.8	3,431.7	3,453.5	3,460.4	3,394.7	3,433.1	3,440.8	3,445.4	4.6
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,229.4	2,220.8	2,236.3	2,232.4	2,212.8	2,216.1	2,217.1	2,216.8	-0.3
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	514.4	512.1	514.9	517.2	512.6	514.6	515.0	515.0	0.0
Retail trade	15,603.0	15,610.9	15,682.1	15,687.5	15,599.4	15,684.4	15,672.3	15,676.3	4.0
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,055.5	2,077.0	2,085.6	2,089.9	2,043.2	2,075.0	2,073.7	2,078.6	4.9
Automobile dealers	1,275.4	1,301.1	1,306.2	1,310.5	1,273.8	1,301.8	1,304.2	1,309.1	4.9
Other motor vehicle dealers	187.5	174.6	177.0	175.4	178.5	169.2	167.9	166.9	-1.0
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	592.6	601.3	602.4	604.0	590.9	604.0	601.6	602.7	1.1
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,431.2	1,441.6	1,434.3	1,412.1	1,400.7	1,386.5	1,384.4	1,382.2	-2.2
Food and beverage retailers	3,257.6	3,249.3	3,267.5	3,271.9	3,238.4	3,262.7	3,260.3	3,256.3	-4.0
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	831.7	801.8	801.4	801.4	843.8	816.2	812.3	811.9	-0.4
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	423.1	415.0	413.2	412.3	430.0	420.6	418.1	418.3	0.2
Electronics and appliance retailers	408.6	386.8	388.2	389.1	413.8	395.6	394.2	393.6	-0.6
General merchandise retailers	3,197.1	3,224.9	3,248.2	3,260.7	3,244.1	3,278.0	3,283.5	3,290.6	7.1
Department stores	942.2	937.4	946.4	953.9	968.9	971.1	970.8	971.5	0.7
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,254.9	2,287.5	2,301.8	2,306.8	2,275.2	2,306.9	2,312.8	2,319.1	6.3
Health and personal care retailers	1,085.4	1,090.1	1,089.4	1,081.6	1,101.2	1,099.0	1,099.2	1,096.7	-2.5
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,074.5	1,079.3	1,092.8	1,094.8	1,062.2	1,080.4	1,081.2	1,082.6	1.4
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,133.8	1,109.9	1,122.1	1,129.6	1,138.4	1,143.0	1,138.3	1,137.1	-1.2
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,536.2	1,537.0	1,540.8	1,545.5	1,527.4	1,543.6	1,539.4	1,540.3	0.9
Transportation and warehousing	6,435.3	6,520.7	6,541.5	6,510.3	6,576.2	6,600.0	6,621.9	6,635.9	14.0
Air transportation	557.1	573.9	580.9	579.4	552.5	574.8	576.7	575.5	-1.2
Rail transportation	153.0	152.6	151.6	151.6	153.1	152.5	151.9	151.7	-0.2
Water transportation	73.2	76.5	78.7	79.3	70.3	75.3	76.0	76.0	0.0
Truck transportation	1,590.9	1,546.5	1,558.8	1,559.4	1,574.7	1,548.0	1,547.1	1,544.7	-2.4
Transit and ground passenger transportation	370.2	455.0	432.4	373.8	427.9	439.3	442.9	432.1	-10.8
Pipeline transportation	51.7	53.8	54.1	54.7	51.5	53.7	54.1	54.4	0.3
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	37.7	37.4	41.7	44.0	29.8	35.4	35.4	35.9	0.5
Support activities for transportation	821.4	846.4	847.9	857.7	823.9	849.1	852.8	859.0	6.2
Couriers and messengers	1,010.5	1,024.4	1,041.5	1,047.8	1,088.5	1,093.2	1,100.8	1,111.7	10.9
Warehousing and storage	1,769.6	1,754.2	1,753.9	1,762.6	1,804.0	1,778.7	1,784.2	1,794.9	10.7
Utilities	577.6	588.1	591.8	593.4	573.5	588.8	589.6	589.5	-0.1
Information	3,046	3,003	3,032	3,021	3,015	3,015	3,016	2,996	-20
Motion picture and sound recording industries	434.0	451.6	460.2	458.3	419.9	446.2	448.9	445.4	-3.5
Publishing industries	944.9	921.6	931.4	928.9	934.1	929.4	925.5	919.6	-5.9
Broadcasting and content providers	346.5	339.4	340.1	337.6	347.7	340.4	340.5	338.9	-1.6
Telecommunications	646.9	623.2	627.2	624.7	644.4	627.3	627.0	622.8	-4.2
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	495.4	493.3	496.0	496.8	493.0	496.3	497.5	494.9	-2.6
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	178.3	174.1	177.2	175.1	176.3	175.7	176.5	174.0	-2.5
Financial activities	9,291	9,203	9,278	9,314	9,219	9,235	9,245	9,241	-4
Finance and insurance	6,777.4	6,713.8	6,760.8	6,780.4	6,747.1	6,739.7	6,750.1	6,747.5	-2.6
Monetary authorities-central bank	23.1	22.5	22.9	23.1	22.7	22.7	22.7	22.7	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,647.6	2,584.0	2,588.6	2,587.0	2,636.8	2,588.1	2,582.5	2,576.1	-6.4
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,812.3	1,773.1	1,779.0	1,778.2	1,803.7	1,776.9	1,773.2	1,769.3	-3.9
Commercial banking	1,402.6	1,363.2	1,366.2	1,365.4	1,395.7	1,365.6	1,362.2	1,358.5	-3.7
Nondepository credit intermediation	541.6	525.7	526.2	530.2	539.0	526.4	525.8	527.6	1.8
Activities related to credit intermediation	293.7	285.2	283.4	278.6	294.1	284.9	283.5	279.2	-4.3
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,117.4	1,105.6	1,124.3	1,137.4	1,104.3	1,115.3	1,122.4	1,123.5	1.1
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,989.3	3,001.7	3,025.0	3,032.9	2,983.3	3,013.6	3,022.5	3,025.2	2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,513.5	2,489.5	2,517.6	2,533.3	2,471.8	2,495.0	2,494.8	2,493.9	-0.9
Real estate	1,876.9	1,877.0	1,892.0	1,907.3	1,857.4	1,883.3	1,884.7	1,888.8	4.1
Rental and leasing services	613.5	589.1	601.9	602.2	591.6	588.2	586.8	581.6	-5.2
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	23.1	23.4	23.7	23.8	22.8	23.5	23.3	23.5	0.2
Professional and business services	22,951	23,000	23,076	23,087	22,866	22,991	22,993	22,992	-1
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,898.4	10,974.6	11,038.1	11,079.1	10,847.6	11,015.7	11,033.9	11,033.5	-0.4
Legal services	1,195.7	1,181.6	1,194.4	1,193.1	1,185.0	1,186.5	1,184.4	1,183.9	-0.5
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,123.1	1,153.8	1,144.1	1,141.8	1,153.0	1,172.0	1,176.5	1,172.1	-4.4
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,692.9	1,696.6	1,727.0	1,739.2	1,665.9	1,701.3	1,706.4	1,710.4	4.0
Specialized design services	153.8	151.3	151.7	151.5	153.3	151.7	151.5	151.4	-0.1
Computer systems design and related services	2,516.3	2,539.8	2,540.7	2,563.8	2,503.6	2,542.1	2,547.9	2,551.9	4.0
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,878.7	1,893.7	1,902.9	1,905.0	1,873.8	1,900.4	1,902.4	1,902.3	-0.1
Scientific research and development services	950.9	955.2	964.8	970.9	934.6	957.0	956.2	955.5	-0.7
Advertising, public relations, and related services	510.7	522.6	525.4	524.5	508.1	522.5	522.7	522.2	-0.5
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	876.3	880.0	887.1	889.3	870.5	882.1	886.0	883.8	-2.2
Management of companies and enterprises	2,573.8	2,545.8	2,569.6	2,580.5	2,560.3	2,556.4	2,558.5	2,563.4	4.9
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,478.5	9,479.6	9,468.6	9,427.7	9,457.7	9,419.0	9,400.9	9,395.4	-5.5
Administrative and support services	8,970.6	8,960.5	8,942.6	8,900.3	8,956.6	8,898.8	8,879.9	8,874.3	-5.6
Office administrative services	624.1	629.5	632.5	634.2	619.1	631.7	632.0	631.3	-0.7
Facilities support services	171.1	182.4	183.1	184.3	170.9	182.1	182.6	183.5	0.9
Employment services(1)	3,527.0	3,515.5	3,446.0	3,395.7	3,632.2	3,521.4	3,500.0	3,491.9	-8.1
Temporary help services	2,766.8	2,737.0	2,672.1	2,626.7	2,862.5	2,745.3	2,722.7	2,714.0	-8.7
Business support services	738.2	696.0	695.1	687.2	749.3	705.9	702.9	696.3	-6.6
Travel arrangement and reservation services	192.8	195.3	194.5	196.1	190.2	194.1	192.9	193.9	1.0
Investigation and security services	1,001.4	1,020.8	1,021.6	1,020.7	1,002.7	1,020.6	1,022.6	1,023.0	0.4
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,376.9	2,370.3	2,420.9	2,431.9	2,255.1	2,297.1	2,302.8	2,306.5	3.7
Other support services	339.1	350.7	348.9	350.2	337.2	345.9	344.1	348.0	3.9
Waste management and remediation services	507.9	519.1	526.0	527.4	501.1	520.2	521.0	521.1	0.1
Private education and health services	25,095	26,251	26,138	26,083	25,386	26,254	26,333	26,390	57
Private educational services	3,546.4	3,879.4	3,665.6	3,557.7	3,826.5	3,851.9	3,853.4	3,846.2	-7.2
Health care and social assistance	21,548.3	22,371.9	22,472.3	22,525.4	21,559.1	22,401.8	22,479.9	22,543.9	64.0
Health care(3)	16,985.6	17,560.3	17,636.4	17,709.7	16,979.3	17,605.8	17,651.0	17,706.0	55.0
Ambulatory health care services	8,463.9	8,775.9	8,798.3	8,824.0	8,471.8	8,785.9	8,808.0	8,834.3	26.3
Offices of physicians	2,919.9	3,015.3	3,031.5	3,033.1	2,920.7	3,022.9	3,036.2	3,037.0	0.8
Offices of dentists	1,034.1	1,035.5	1,043.6	1,043.7	1,032.7	1,036.5	1,041.4	1,041.3	-0.1
Offices of other health practitioners	1,156.1	1,206.2	1,204.8	1,205.4	1,157.2	1,204.8	1,208.0	1,208.5	0.5
Outpatient care centers	1,056.9	1,082.5	1,087.2	1,091.2	1,058.1	1,086.4	1,090.4	1,092.9	2.5
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	320.4	321.6	317.6	318.3	320.8	321.5	318.7	319.4	0.7
Home health care services	1,629.8	1,760.2	1,758.0	1,778.0	1,633.1	1,758.0	1,757.1	1,778.7	21.6
Other ambulatory health care services	346.7	354.6	355.6	354.3	349.2	355.8	356.1	356.5	0.4
Hospitals	5,344.5	5,518.2	5,548.7	5,579.8	5,343.4	5,543.4	5,559.3	5,578.8	19.5
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,177.2	3,266.2	3,289.4	3,305.9	3,164.1	3,276.5	3,283.7	3,292.9	9.2
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,426.6	1,457.8	1,468.4	1,482.7	1,419.2	1,466.7	1,468.7	1,475.5	6.8
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	640.5	667.8	673.0	676.4	638.3	668.8	670.9	673.9	3.0
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	952.5	979.0	980.1	983.2	949.8	978.5	977.9	980.6	2.7
Other residential care facilities	157.6	161.6	167.9	163.6	156.8	162.5	166.2	162.9	-3.3
Social assistance	4,562.7	4,811.6	4,835.9	4,815.7	4,579.8	4,796.0	4,828.9	4,837.9	9.0
Individual and family services	3,051.9	3,214.6	3,244.0	3,251.7	3,041.9	3,213.0	3,240.5	3,242.4	1.9
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	220.5	229.1	232.4	235.0	221.3	229.9	232.2	235.2	3.0
Vocational rehabilitation services	283.4	290.2	292.5	296.1	280.4	289.6	290.4	292.9	2.5
Child care services	1,006.9	1,077.7	1,067.0	1,032.9	1,036.1	1,063.4	1,065.8	1,067.4	1.6
Leisure and hospitality	17,422	17,185	17,606	17,678	16,629	16,902	16,903	16,926	23
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,872.3	2,726.9	2,936.3	2,979.3	2,536.3	2,648.2	2,653.0	2,649.9	-3.1
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	607.9	656.2	662.2	652.9	580.6	623.3	626.4	626.0	-0.4
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	187.9	181.7	191.0	194.5	172.5	178.5	179.1	179.3	0.2
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	2,076.5	1,889.0	2,083.1	2,131.9	1,783.2	1,846.4	1,847.5	1,844.6	-2.9
Accommodation and food services	14,549.4	14,457.8	14,669.7	14,699.1	14,092.9	14,253.3	14,250.4	14,276.0	25.6
Accommodation	2,056.9	1,938.4	2,035.9	2,077.5	1,891.1	1,918.3	1,915.4	1,921.5	6.1
Food services and drinking places	12,492.5	12,519.4	12,633.8	12,621.6	12,201.8	12,335.0	12,335.0	12,354.5	19.5
Other services	5,907	5,929	5,994	5,990	5,830	5,907	5,919	5,914	-5
Repair and maintenance	1,470.0	1,487.6	1,494.7	1,487.9	1,457.7	1,480.9	1,482.6	1,477.1	-5.5
Personal and laundry services	1,542.5	1,566.1	1,570.5	1,565.2	1,534.2	1,551.9	1,554.7	1,557.2	2.5
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,894.4	2,875.2	2,929.0	2,936.4	2,837.8	2,873.7	2,882.1	2,879.6	-2.5
Government	21,610	23,549	23,143	22,137	22,793	23,279	23,322	23,339	17
Federal	2,941	2,993	2,996	3,010	2,928	2,994	2,996	2,997	1
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,336.3	2,386.5	2,391.6	2,401.5	2,323.6	2,386.9	2,388.5	2,390.0	1.5
U.S. Postal Service	604.3	606.4	603.9	608.4	604.3	607.2	607.6	607.1	-0.5
State government	4,977	5,436	5,193	5,111	5,301	5,429	5,445	5,452	7
State government education	2,233.1	2,637.2	2,365.4	2,278.7	2,571.8	2,632.5	2,635.0	2,637.6	2.6
State government, excluding education	2,743.9	2,798.6	2,827.3	2,832.3	2,729.6	2,796.5	2,809.5	2,814.8	5.3
Local government	13,692	15,120	14,954	14,016	14,564	14,856	14,881	14,890	9
Local government education	6,863.0	8,350.7	7,984.8	6,997.1	7,969.0	8,085.3	8,085.9	8,112.1	26.2
Local government, excluding education	6,829.1	6,769.3	6,969.6	7,018.8	6,594.7	6,770.7	6,794.6	6,778.0	-16.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.3	34.3	34.3	34.2
Goods-producing	39.8	39.8	40.0	39.6
Mining and logging	44.1	44.5	44.5	44.3
Construction	39.0	39.0	39.4	38.8
Manufacturing	40.1	40.1	40.1	39.9
Durable goods	40.6	40.5	40.5	40.3
Nondurable goods	39.1	39.4	39.5	39.4
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	33.8	33.9	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.7	39.1	39.0	39.1
Retail trade	29.9	29.6	29.7	29.8
Transportation and warehousing	38.2	38.0	38.2	38.2
Utilities	42.2	42.3	42.3	42.2
Information	36.4	36.4	36.5	36.6
Financial activities	37.4	37.6	37.5	37.4
Professional and business services	36.5	36.4	36.4	36.4
Private education and health services	33.3	33.1	33.1	33.0
Leisure and hospitality	25.2	25.4	25.3	25.3
Other services	32.2	32.3	32.3	32.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8
Durable goods	3.1	2.9	2.9	2.8
Nondurable goods	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)
Total private	$33.84	$34.88	$34.99	$35.07	$1,160.71	$1,196.38	$1,200.16	$1,199.39
Goods-producing	34.27	35.57	35.73	35.80	1,363.95	1,415.69	1,429.20	1,417.68
Mining and logging	38.19	39.66	39.77	39.68	1,684.18	1,764.87	1,769.77	1,757.82
Construction	36.67	38.02	38.11	38.26	1,430.13	1,482.78	1,501.53	1,484.49
Manufacturing	32.61	33.83	34.02	34.06	1,307.66	1,356.58	1,364.20	1,358.99
Durable goods	34.13	35.74	36.03	36.08	1,385.68	1,447.47	1,459.22	1,454.02
Nondurable goods	29.95	30.51	30.55	30.59	1,171.05	1,202.09	1,206.73	1,205.25
Private service-providing	33.74	34.73	34.81	34.90	1,123.54	1,153.04	1,155.69	1,158.68
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.11	29.92	29.95	29.97	986.83	1,011.30	1,015.31	1,015.98
Wholesale trade	36.82	37.69	37.73	37.81	1,424.93	1,473.68	1,471.47	1,478.37
Retail trade	23.94	24.41	24.44	24.42	715.81	722.54	725.87	727.72
Transportation and warehousing	29.41	30.57	30.62	30.68	1,123.46	1,161.66	1,169.68	1,171.98
Utilities	50.26	50.97	50.77	50.89	2,120.97	2,156.03	2,147.57	2,147.56
Information	48.31	49.39	49.59	49.95	1,758.48	1,797.80	1,810.04	1,828.17
Financial activities	43.54	45.44	45.42	45.58	1,628.40	1,708.54	1,703.25	1,704.69
Professional and business services	40.69	41.97	42.15	42.29	1,485.19	1,527.71	1,534.26	1,539.36
Private education and health services	33.24	34.07	34.18	34.26	1,106.89	1,127.72	1,131.36	1,130.58
Leisure and hospitality	21.29	22.00	22.07	22.12	536.51	558.80	558.37	559.64
Other services	30.46	31.34	31.40	31.61	980.81	1,012.28	1,014.22	1,021.00
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)	Percent change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)	Percent change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
Total private	114.9	116.4	116.5	116.2	-0.3	185.9	194.1	194.9	194.9	0.0
Goods-producing	98.0	98.9	99.4	98.6	-0.8	151.7	159.0	160.6	159.5	-0.7
Mining and logging	89.2	88.7	88.7	88.1	-0.7	136.8	141.2	141.6	140.4	-0.8
Construction	107.8	110.4	111.8	110.5	-1.2	171.8	182.4	185.2	183.7	-0.8
Manufacturing	93.3	93.5	93.4	93.0	-0.4	141.6	147.1	147.8	147.3	-0.3
Durable goods	92.7	92.8	92.7	92.2	-0.5	140.6	147.4	148.3	147.8	-0.3
Nondurable goods	94.2	94.8	95.1	94.9	-0.2	143.1	146.7	147.4	147.3	-0.1
Private service-providing	119.9	121.1	121.3	121.4	0.1	196.6	204.5	205.2	205.9	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.9	107.2	107.6	107.7	0.1	167.9	173.0	173.8	174.1	0.2
Wholesale trade	104.5	106.3	106.2	106.5	0.3	160.9	167.6	167.6	168.5	0.5
Retail trade	94.9	94.5	94.7	95.1	0.4	150.3	152.5	153.1	153.5	0.3
Transportation and warehousing	144.3	144.1	145.3	145.7	0.3	216.0	224.1	226.4	227.3	0.4
Utilities	104.7	107.8	107.9	107.6	-0.3	173.9	181.5	181.0	181.0	0.0
Information	100.3	100.3	100.6	100.2	-0.4	172.4	176.3	177.5	178.1	0.3
Financial activities	112.9	113.7	113.6	113.2	-0.4	191.8	201.6	201.2	201.3	0.0
Professional and business services	130.6	130.9	130.9	130.9	0.0	215.2	222.6	223.6	224.3	0.3
Private education and health services	138.0	141.9	142.3	142.2	-0.1	220.7	232.6	234.0	234.4	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	119.6	122.5	122.0	122.2	0.2	205.4	217.4	217.3	218.1	0.4
Other services	108.2	110.0	110.2	110.1	-0.1	180.7	189.0	189.7	190.8	0.6
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)
Total nonfarm	77,837	78,924	79,017	79,141	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.9
Total private	64,539	65,329	65,401	65,487	48.4	48.3	48.3	48.4
Goods-producing	4,992	5,012	5,013	5,013	23.1	23.0	23.0	22.9
Mining and logging	83	87	87	87	12.9	13.7	13.7	13.7
Construction	1,145	1,171	1,175	1,178	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3
Manufacturing	3,764	3,754	3,751	3,748	29.1	29.0	29.0	28.9
Durable goods	2,023	2,014	2,010	2,003	24.9	24.7	24.7	24.6
Nondurable goods	1,741	1,740	1,741	1,745	36.1	36.1	36.1	36.2
Private service-providing	59,547	60,317	60,388	60,474	53.3	53.2	53.2	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,310	11,291	11,298	11,320	39.2	38.9	38.9	38.9
Wholesale trade	1,873.3	1,871.2	1,870.4	1,881.7	30.6	30.4	30.3	30.5
Retail trade	7,523.4	7,523.3	7,525.4	7,530.1	48.2	48.0	48.0	48.0
Transportation and warehousing	1,763.8	1,742.0	1,746.8	1,753.0	26.8	26.4	26.4	26.4
Utilities	149.9	154.1	155.0	154.8	26.1	26.2	26.3	26.3
Information	1,227	1,201	1,199	1,188	40.7	39.8	39.8	39.7
Financial activities	5,119	5,137	5,144	5,140	55.5	55.6	55.6	55.6
Professional and business services	10,519	10,562	10,553	10,560	46.0	45.9	45.9	45.9
Private education and health services	19,527	20,155	20,240	20,269	76.9	76.8	76.9	76.8
Leisure and hospitality	8,731	8,814	8,791	8,829	52.5	52.1	52.0	52.2
Other services	3,114	3,157	3,163	3,168	53.4	53.4	53.4	53.6
Government	13,298	13,595	13,616	13,654	58.3	58.4	58.4	58.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)
Total private	108,507	110,000	110,121	110,177
Goods-producing	15,468	15,532	15,546	15,551
Mining and logging	493	492	489	486
Construction	5,890	6,003	6,006	6,022
Manufacturing	9,085	9,037	9,051	9,043
Durable goods	5,606	5,548	5,547	5,534
Nondurable goods	3,479	3,489	3,504	3,509
Private service-providing	93,039	94,468	94,575	94,626
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,310	24,510	24,544	24,587
Wholesale trade	4,846.4	4,856.4	4,875.1	4,882.7
Retail trade	13,288.5	13,417.0	13,423.5	13,438.1
Transportation and warehousing	5,720.9	5,767.4	5,777.1	5,798.4
Utilities	454.3	468.8	468.5	467.8
Information	2,420	2,414	2,414	2,403
Financial activities	6,912	6,965	6,968	6,969
Professional and business services	18,089	18,137	18,121	18,122
Private education and health services	22,076	22,900	22,971	23,023
Leisure and hospitality	14,484	14,736	14,739	14,712
Other services	4,748	4,806	4,818	4,810
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.8	33.7	33.8	33.7
Goods-producing	40.5	40.6	40.7	40.4
Mining and logging	47.3	47.2	47.1	46.8
Construction	39.5	39.8	40.1	39.6
Manufacturing	40.7	40.8	40.8	40.6
Durable goods	41.0	40.9	41.0	40.6
Nondurable goods	40.3	40.6	40.4	40.7
Private service-providing	32.7	32.6	32.6	32.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	33.9	34.0	34.0
Wholesale trade	38.7	39.1	39.0	39.0
Retail trade	30.4	30.2	30.3	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	37.7	37.5	37.7	37.8
Utilities	42.8	42.7	42.7	42.6
Information	36.0	36.0	35.7	35.7
Financial activities	37.0	37.0	37.0	37.0
Professional and business services	36.3	36.3	36.4	36.4
Private education and health services	32.5	32.3	32.2	32.1
Leisure and hospitality	24.1	24.2	24.1	24.0
Other services	31.1	31.3	31.3	31.2
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6
Durable goods	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.4
Nondurable goods	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)
Total private	$29.03	$29.95	$30.05	$30.14	$981.21	$1,009.32	$1,015.69	$1,015.72
Goods-producing	29.66	30.93	31.07	31.21	1,201.23	1,255.76	1,264.55	1,260.88
Mining and logging	34.32	36.30	36.33	36.37	1,623.34	1,713.36	1,711.14	1,702.12
Construction	34.27	35.47	35.60	35.77	1,353.67	1,411.71	1,427.56	1,416.49
Manufacturing	26.47	27.65	27.79	27.92	1,077.33	1,128.12	1,133.83	1,133.55
Durable goods	27.60	29.12	29.29	29.51	1,131.60	1,191.01	1,200.89	1,198.11
Nondurable goods	24.62	25.29	25.37	25.42	992.19	1,026.77	1,024.95	1,034.59
Private service-providing	28.90	29.75	29.84	29.93	945.03	969.85	972.78	975.72
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.32	25.94	26.01	26.03	860.88	879.37	884.34	885.02
Wholesale trade	30.47	31.25	31.28	31.33	1,179.19	1,221.88	1,219.92	1,221.87
Retail trade	20.51	20.87	20.90	20.88	623.50	630.27	633.27	632.66
Transportation and warehousing	28.09	29.00	29.18	29.24	1,058.99	1,087.50	1,100.09	1,105.27
Utilities	44.76	45.29	45.37	45.27	1,915.73	1,933.88	1,937.30	1,928.50
Information	39.77	40.66	40.79	40.72	1,431.72	1,463.76	1,456.20	1,453.70
Financial activities	33.86	35.66	35.74	35.80	1,252.82	1,319.42	1,322.38	1,324.60
Professional and business services	34.30	35.35	35.47	35.66	1,245.09	1,283.21	1,291.11	1,298.02
Private education and health services	30.41	31.21	31.33	31.39	988.33	1,008.08	1,008.83	1,007.62
Leisure and hospitality	18.87	19.46	19.54	19.61	454.77	470.93	470.91	470.64
Other services	26.25	27.03	27.11	27.26	816.38	846.04	848.54	850.51
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)	Percent change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	July 2024(p)	Percent change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
Total private	122.2	123.5	124.0	123.7	-0.2	237.1	247.3	249.1	249.2	0.0
Goods-producing	95.7	96.4	96.7	96.0	-0.7	173.9	182.5	183.9	183.5	-0.2
Mining and logging	123.9	123.4	122.4	120.9	-1.2	247.3	260.5	258.6	255.7	-1.1
Construction	116.5	119.6	120.6	119.4	-1.0	215.6	229.1	231.8	230.6	-0.5
Manufacturing	84.9	84.6	84.8	84.3	-0.6	146.9	153.0	154.1	153.9	-0.1
Durable goods	86.3	85.2	85.4	84.4	-1.2	148.8	155.0	156.2	155.5	-0.4
Nondurable goods	82.6	83.5	83.4	84.1	0.8	143.7	149.2	149.5	151.1	1.1
Private service-providing	129.6	131.2	131.4	131.4	0.0	257.0	267.8	268.9	269.8	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.7	116.3	116.8	117.0	0.2	209.4	215.6	217.1	217.7	0.3
Wholesale trade	111.3	112.7	112.8	113.0	0.2	200.2	207.9	208.3	209.0	0.3
Retail trade	102.4	102.7	103.1	103.2	0.1	180.1	183.8	184.8	184.8	0.0