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Economic News Release
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CPS CPS Program Links
CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-23-1689
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, August 4, 2023

Technical information: 
 Household data:     (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	     (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                     THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JULY 2023


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 187,000 in July, and the unemployment rate 
changed little at 3.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. 
Job gains occurred in health care, social assistance, financial activities, and 
wholesale trade.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household 
survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic 
characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, 
and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical 
methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.5 percent, and the number of unemployed persons,
at 5.8 million, changed little in July. The unemployment rate has ranged from 3.4 
percent to 3.7 percent since March 2022. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Asians declined to 2.3 
percent in July. The jobless rates for adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), 
teenagers (11.3 percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks (5.8 percent), and Hispanics 
(4.4 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased by 175,000 
to 667,000 in July. The number of permanent job losers changed little at 1.4 million.
(See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little 
changed at 1.2 million in July and accounted for 19.9 percent of all unemployed persons.
(See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate was 62.6 percent for the fifth consecutive month.
The employment-population ratio, at 60.4 percent, remained little changed in July. 
(See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.0 million, changed 
little in July. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were 
working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find 
full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.2 million
in July, little changed from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as 
unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding
the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally
attached to the labor force was essentially unchanged at 1.4 million in July. These 
individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in 
the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 
The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed
that no jobs were available for them, changed little at 335,000 in July. 
(See Summary table A.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 187,000 in July, less than the average monthly
gain of 312,000 over the prior 12 months. In July, job gains occurred in health care, 
social assistance, financial activities, and wholesale trade. (See table B-1.)

In July, health care added 63,000 jobs, compared with the average monthly gain of 
51,000 in the prior 12 months. Over the month, job growth occurred in ambulatory health 
care services (+35,000), hospitals (+16,000), and nursing and residential care facilities
(+12,000).

Social assistance added 24,000 jobs in July, in line with the average monthly gain of 
23,000 in the prior 12 months. Individual and family services added 19,000 jobs over 
the month.

Employment in financial activities increased by 19,000 in July. The industry had added 
an average of 16,000 jobs per month in the second quarter of the year, after employment
was essentially flat in the first quarter. Over the month, a job gain in real estate and
rental and leasing (+12,000) was partially offset by a loss in commercial banking (-3,000).

In July, employment in wholesale trade increased by 18,000, after showing little net 
change in recent months. 

Employment in the other services industry continued to trend up in July (+20,000), compared
with the average monthly gain of 15,000 over the prior 12 months. Employment in personal
and laundry services continued to trend up over the month (+11,000). Employment in other 
services remains below its pre-pandemic February 2020 level by 53,000, or 0.9 percent.

Construction employment continued to trend up in July (+19,000), in line with the average
monthly gain of 17,000 in the prior 12 months. Over the month, job growth occurred in
residential specialty trade contractors (+13,000) and in nonresidential building construction
(+11,000).

In July, employment in leisure and hospitality was little changed (+17,000). The industry 
has shown little employment change in recent months, following average monthly gains of 
67,000 in the first quarter of the year. Employment in leisure and hospitality remains 
below its February 2020 level by 352,000, or 2.1 percent.

Employment in professional and business services changed little in July (-8,000). Monthly job
growth in the industry had averaged 38,000 in the prior 12 months. Employment in temporary help
services continued to trend down over the month (-22,000) and is down by 205,000 since its peak
in March 2022. Employment in professional, scientific, and technical services continued to trend
up in July (+24,000). 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; retail trade; transportation and 
warehousing; information; and government.
	
In July, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 14 cents,
or 0.4 percent, to $33.74. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by
4.4 percent. In July, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 
employees rose by 13 cents, or 0.5 percent, to $28.96. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour 
to 34.3 hours in July. In manufacturing, the average workweek remained unchanged at 40.1 hours,
and overtime was unchanged at 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for May was revised down by 25,000, from +306,000 
to +281,000, and the change for June was revised down by 24,000, from +209,000 to +185,000. With 
these revisions, employment in May and June combined is 49,000 lower than previously reported. 
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

____________
The Employment Situation for August is scheduled to be released on Friday, September 1, 2023, 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).



 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|	2023 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data                |
|                       to be Released on August 23, 2023		                |
|											|
| Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts | 
| of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month 	|
| of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records	|
| that nearly all employers are required to file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on August 23, 2023,| 
| the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the preliminary estimate of the 	|
| upcoming annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey data. This is the same | 
| day that the first-quarter 2023 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark 	|
| revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private  |
| employment, will be available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.	        |
|											|
| The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2024  |
| Employment Situation news release in February 2024.					|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category July
2022
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023
Change from:
June
2023-
July
2023

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

264,012 266,618 266,801 267,002 201

Civilian labor force

163,990 166,818 166,951 167,103 152

Participation rate

62.1 62.6 62.6 62.6 0.0

Employed

158,272 160,721 160,994 161,262 268

Employment-population ratio

59.9 60.3 60.3 60.4 0.1

Unemployed

5,718 6,097 5,957 5,841 -116

Unemployment rate

3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Not in labor force

100,021 99,800 99,850 99,899 49

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)

3.2 3.5 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)

3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 0.0

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

11.4 10.3 11.0 11.3 0.3

White

3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 0.0

Black or African American

6.0 5.6 6.0 5.8 -0.2

Asian

2.6 2.9 3.2 2.3 -0.9

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

4.0 4.0 4.3 4.4 0.1

Total, 25 years and over

2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma

5.8 5.7 6.0 5.2 -0.8

High school graduates, no college

3.6 3.9 3.9 3.4 -0.5

Some college or associate degree

2.9 3.2 3.1 3.1 0.0

Bachelor's degree and higher

2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2,616 2,960 2,900 2,620 -280

Job leavers

843 765 794 852 58

Reentrants

1,822 1,821 1,745 1,853 108

New entrants

465 508 558 503 -55

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,086 2,083 2,068 2,004 -64

5 to 14 weeks

1,769 1,865 1,889 1,698 -191

15 to 26 weeks

734 858 917 997 80

27 weeks and over

1,093 1,188 1,105 1,164 59

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

3,925 3,739 4,191 4,000 -191

Slack work or business conditions

2,699 2,582 2,890 2,717 -173

Could only find part-time work

911 824 948 1,014 66

Part time for noneconomic reasons

21,143 21,864 21,267 21,971 704

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force

1,542 1,508 1,435 1,398 -37

Discouraged workers

426 422 310 335 25

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

568 281 185 187

Total private

493 255 128 172

Goods-producing

71 24 31 18

Mining and logging

6 3 -1 1

Construction

24 25 26 19

Manufacturing

41 -4 6 -2

Durable goods(1)

33 3 16 8

Motor vehicles and parts

5.9 5.3 5.0 -2.2

Nondurable goods

8 -7 -10 -10

Private service-providing

422 231 97 154

Wholesale trade

16.0 7.7 -8.2 17.9

Retail trade

9.4 20.9 -14.1 8.5

Transportation and warehousing

19.4 18.6 -8.7 -8.4

Utilities

1.3 0.7 0.6 -0.2

Information

13 -4 -5 -12

Financial activities

14 13 9 19

Professional and business services(1)

77 45 23 -8

Temporary help services

1.6 -6.8 -20.2 -22.1

Private education and health services(1)

127 88 71 100

Health care and social assistance

101.8 73.1 71.3 87.1

Leisure and hospitality

113 28 19 17

Other services

32 13 11 20

Government

75 26 57 15

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

434 238 228 218

Total private

406 197 187 185

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.8 49.8 49.8 49.9

Total private women employees

48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

81.5 81.4 81.4 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.6 34.3 34.4 34.3

Average hourly earnings

$32.33 $33.45 $33.60 $33.74

Average weekly earnings

$1,118.62 $1,147.34 $1,155.84 $1,157.28

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

113.6 114.8 115.3 115.1

Over-the-month percent change

0.4 -0.1 0.4 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

175.6 183.6 185.2 185.6

Over-the-month percent change

0.9 0.2 0.9 0.2

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (250 industries)

72.2 57.4 58.8 57.2

Manufacturing (72 industries)

67.4 45.1 59.7 53.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 666,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023
July
2022
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

264,012 266,801 267,002 264,012 266,272 266,443 266,618 266,801 267,002

Civilian labor force

165,321 167,910 168,354 163,990 166,731 166,688 166,818 166,951 167,103

Participation rate

62.6 62.9 63.1 62.1 62.6 62.6 62.6 62.6 62.6

Employed

159,067 161,559 161,982 158,272 160,892 161,031 160,721 160,994 161,262

Employment-population ratio

60.2 60.6 60.7 59.9 60.4 60.4 60.3 60.3 60.4

Unemployed

6,255 6,351 6,372 5,718 5,839 5,657 6,097 5,957 5,841

Unemployment rate

3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force

98,690 98,891 98,649 100,021 99,541 99,755 99,800 99,850 99,899

Persons who currently want a job

6,224 5,846 5,578 5,887 4,925 5,271 5,477 5,389 5,247

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

128,636 130,408 130,507 128,636 130,150 130,234 130,319 130,408 130,507

Civilian labor force

88,052 89,503 89,647 86,984 88,999 88,686 88,704 88,836 88,695

Participation rate

68.5 68.6 68.7 67.6 68.4 68.1 68.1 68.1 68.0

Employed

84,953 86,140 86,417 83,912 85,776 85,611 85,410 85,547 85,492

Employment-population ratio

66.0 66.1 66.2 65.2 65.9 65.7 65.5 65.6 65.5

Unemployed

3,098 3,363 3,231 3,072 3,223 3,075 3,294 3,289 3,203

Unemployment rate

3.5 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6

Not in labor force

40,584 40,905 40,859 41,652 41,151 41,548 41,616 41,572 41,811

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

119,977 121,646 121,735 119,977 121,415 121,488 121,565 121,646 121,735

Civilian labor force

84,270 85,895 86,062 83,905 85,696 85,439 85,487 85,774 85,739

Participation rate

70.2 70.6 70.7 69.9 70.6 70.3 70.3 70.5 70.4

Employed

81,610 83,068 83,320 81,185 82,816 82,661 82,526 82,868 82,922

Employment-population ratio

68.0 68.3 68.4 67.7 68.2 68.0 67.9 68.1 68.1

Unemployed

2,660 2,827 2,743 2,720 2,880 2,778 2,961 2,906 2,817

Unemployment rate

3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force

35,707 35,750 35,673 36,072 35,718 36,049 36,078 35,871 35,997

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

135,376 136,393 136,496 135,376 136,122 136,209 136,299 136,393 136,496

Civilian labor force

77,270 78,407 78,706 77,006 77,732 78,002 78,114 78,115 78,408

Participation rate

57.1 57.5 57.7 56.9 57.1 57.3 57.3 57.3 57.4

Employed

74,114 75,419 75,565 74,360 75,115 75,420 75,311 75,448 75,769

Employment-population ratio

54.7 55.3 55.4 54.9 55.2 55.4 55.3 55.3 55.5

Unemployed

3,156 2,987 3,141 2,646 2,617 2,582 2,803 2,668 2,638

Unemployment rate

4.1 3.8 4.0 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4

Not in labor force

58,106 57,986 57,790 58,370 58,390 58,207 58,185 58,277 58,088

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

126,951 127,932 128,028 126,951 127,684 127,761 127,845 127,932 128,028

Civilian labor force

73,607 74,722 74,856 73,956 74,612 74,868 75,005 74,927 75,205

Participation rate

58.0 58.4 58.5 58.3 58.4 58.6 58.7 58.6 58.7

Employed

70,900 72,171 72,120 71,659 72,284 72,575 72,518 72,567 72,877

Employment-population ratio

55.8 56.4 56.3 56.4 56.6 56.8 56.7 56.7 56.9

Unemployed

2,708 2,551 2,737 2,297 2,328 2,293 2,486 2,360 2,328

Unemployment rate

3.7 3.4 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1

Not in labor force

53,344 53,210 53,171 52,995 53,072 52,893 52,840 53,005 52,822

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

17,084 17,223 17,239 17,084 17,173 17,194 17,208 17,223 17,239

Civilian labor force

7,444 7,293 7,435 6,129 6,423 6,382 6,326 6,250 6,159

Participation rate

43.6 42.3 43.1 35.9 37.4 37.1 36.8 36.3 35.7

Employed

6,557 6,320 6,542 5,428 5,792 5,796 5,676 5,559 5,462

Employment-population ratio

38.4 36.7 38.0 31.8 33.7 33.7 33.0 32.3 31.7

Unemployed

887 973 893 701 631 586 650 691 696

Unemployment rate

11.9 13.3 12.0 11.4 9.8 9.2 10.3 11.0 11.3

Not in labor force

9,640 9,931 9,804 10,955 10,750 10,813 10,882 10,973 11,080

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023
July
2022
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

203,229 204,433 204,536 203,229 204,186 204,261 204,345 204,433 204,536

Civilian labor force

126,611 127,942 128,184 125,736 126,933 127,174 127,273 127,306 127,329

Participation rate

62.3 62.6 62.7 61.9 62.2 62.3 62.3 62.3 62.3

Employed

122,376 123,760 123,917 121,851 122,831 123,224 123,112 123,389 123,393

Employment-population ratio

60.2 60.5 60.6 60.0 60.2 60.3 60.2 60.4 60.3

Unemployed

4,235 4,182 4,267 3,885 4,102 3,950 4,161 3,917 3,936

Unemployment rate

3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1

Not in labor force

76,618 76,491 76,352 77,493 77,253 77,087 77,072 77,127 77,207

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

65,662 66,596 66,599 65,458 66,304 66,299 66,433 66,543 66,414

Participation rate

70.0 70.4 70.3 69.8 70.2 70.1 70.2 70.3 70.2

Employed

63,763 64,668 64,674 63,500 64,287 64,363 64,343 64,545 64,423

Employment-population ratio

68.0 68.3 68.3 67.7 68.0 68.1 68.0 68.2 68.0

Unemployed

1,899 1,928 1,925 1,958 2,018 1,936 2,089 1,998 1,991

Unemployment rate

2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

55,243 55,784 55,899 55,543 55,656 55,882 55,950 55,994 56,188

Participation rate

57.0 57.3 57.4 57.3 57.3 57.5 57.5 57.6 57.7

Employed

53,489 54,176 54,099 54,095 53,994 54,304 54,323 54,536 54,690

Employment-population ratio

55.2 55.7 55.6 55.8 55.6 55.9 55.9 56.1 56.2

Unemployed

1,754 1,608 1,800 1,448 1,661 1,578 1,627 1,458 1,498

Unemployment rate

3.2 2.9 3.2 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

5,706 5,562 5,686 4,735 4,973 4,993 4,890 4,769 4,727

Participation rate

45.7 44.4 45.4 37.9 39.8 39.9 39.1 38.1 37.8

Employed

5,124 4,916 5,145 4,256 4,550 4,557 4,445 4,308 4,281

Employment-population ratio

41.0 39.3 41.1 34.1 36.4 36.4 35.5 34.4 34.2

Unemployed

582 646 542 480 423 436 445 461 447

Unemployment rate

10.2 11.6 9.5 10.1 8.5 8.7 9.1 9.7 9.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

34,138 34,644 34,678 34,138 34,550 34,583 34,613 34,644 34,678

Civilian labor force

21,418 21,886 21,993 21,174 22,152 21,790 21,874 21,695 21,751

Participation rate

62.7 63.2 63.4 62.0 64.1 63.0 63.2 62.6 62.7

Employed

20,027 20,495 20,596 19,900 21,037 20,766 20,641 20,402 20,496

Employment-population ratio

58.7 59.2 59.4 58.3 60.9 60.0 59.6 58.9 59.1

Unemployed

1,391 1,392 1,396 1,274 1,114 1,025 1,234 1,292 1,255

Unemployment rate

6.5 6.4 6.3 6.0 5.0 4.7 5.6 6.0 5.8

Not in labor force

12,720 12,757 12,686 12,964 12,399 12,793 12,738 12,949 12,927

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,853 10,128 10,197 9,766 10,400 10,005 10,084 10,053 10,114

Participation rate

67.9 68.5 68.9 67.3 70.5 67.8 68.2 68.0 68.3

Employed

9,297 9,547 9,656 9,213 9,860 9,556 9,519 9,465 9,576

Employment-population ratio

64.1 64.5 65.2 63.5 66.8 64.7 64.4 64.0 64.7

Unemployed

556 581 542 553 539 449 565 588 538

Unemployment rate

5.6 5.7 5.3 5.7 5.2 4.5 5.6 5.9 5.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,664 10,881 10,905 10,683 10,986 11,054 11,051 10,886 10,922

Participation rate

62.2 62.8 62.9 62.3 63.6 63.9 63.9 62.9 63.0

Employed

10,032 10,260 10,265 10,110 10,522 10,573 10,469 10,300 10,353

Employment-population ratio

58.5 59.2 59.2 59.0 60.9 61.1 60.5 59.5 59.7

Unemployed

632 621 640 573 464 481 582 586 569

Unemployment rate

5.9 5.7 5.9 5.4 4.2 4.4 5.3 5.4 5.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

901 877 890 726 766 732 740 756 715

Participation rate

36.3 34.6 35.1 29.2 30.4 29.0 29.2 29.8 28.2

Employed

698 688 676 577 655 637 653 638 568

Employment-population ratio

28.1 27.1 26.6 23.3 26.0 25.2 25.8 25.1 22.3

Unemployed

203 189 215 148 111 95 87 118 148

Unemployment rate

22.6 21.6 24.1 20.4 14.5 12.9 11.7 15.6 20.7

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,920 17,491 17,600 16,920 17,545 17,557 17,511 17,491 17,600

Civilian labor force

11,050 11,495 11,636 10,976 11,390 11,396 11,408 11,435 11,556

Participation rate

65.3 65.7 66.1 64.9 64.9 64.9 65.1 65.4 65.7

Employed

10,731 11,104 11,343 10,691 11,067 11,073 11,073 11,073 11,288

Employment-population ratio

63.4 63.5 64.4 63.2 63.1 63.1 63.2 63.3 64.1

Unemployed

319 391 294 285 323 323 335 363 267

Unemployment rate

2.9 3.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.3

Not in labor force

5,870 5,997 5,964 5,944 6,154 6,162 6,104 6,056 6,044

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023
July
2022
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

46,200 47,473 47,569 46,200 47,194 47,288 47,380 47,473 47,569

Civilian labor force

30,455 32,063 32,116 30,390 31,517 31,589 31,690 31,943 32,052

Participation rate

65.9 67.5 67.5 65.8 66.8 66.8 66.9 67.3 67.4

Employed

29,191 30,684 30,668 29,172 30,071 30,185 30,407 30,571 30,637

Employment-population ratio

63.2 64.6 64.5 63.1 63.7 63.8 64.2 64.4 64.4

Unemployed

1,265 1,379 1,448 1,218 1,446 1,404 1,283 1,372 1,416

Unemployment rate

4.2 4.3 4.5 4.0 4.6 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.4

Not in labor force

15,745 15,410 15,453 15,810 15,677 15,699 15,690 15,530 15,517

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

16,450 17,212 17,271 16,469 16,969 16,956 17,123 17,224 17,290

Participation rate

78.6 79.8 79.9 78.7 79.1 78.9 79.5 79.8 80.0

Employed

15,911 16,647 16,660 15,864 16,293 16,260 16,434 16,576 16,599

Employment-population ratio

76.0 77.2 77.1 75.8 76.0 75.7 76.3 76.8 76.8

Unemployed

540 565 611 605 676 696 690 649 691

Unemployment rate

3.3 3.3 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

12,433 13,191 13,179 12,522 13,069 13,111 13,150 13,182 13,271

Participation rate

59.2 61.3 61.1 59.6 61.1 61.2 61.2 61.3 61.6

Employed

11,992 12,618 12,617 12,118 12,482 12,576 12,700 12,638 12,745

Employment-population ratio

57.1 58.6 58.5 57.7 58.4 58.7 59.1 58.7 59.1

Unemployed

441 572 562 403 587 534 450 544 525

Unemployment rate

3.5 4.3 4.3 3.2 4.5 4.1 3.4 4.1 4.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,572 1,660 1,667 1,400 1,479 1,522 1,417 1,537 1,492

Participation rate

36.8 37.9 37.9 32.7 34.0 34.9 32.4 35.0 33.9

Employed

1,288 1,419 1,391 1,190 1,296 1,349 1,273 1,357 1,292

Employment-population ratio

30.1 32.4 31.6 27.8 29.8 30.9 29.1 31.0 29.4

Unemployed

284 242 276 210 183 174 144 180 200

Unemployment rate

18.1 14.5 16.5 15.0 12.4 11.4 10.1 11.7 13.4

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023
July
2022
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

8,739 9,391 8,741 8,919 9,203 9,082 9,140 9,184 8,926

Participation rate

45.3 47.7 46.7 46.2 46.6 46.3 45.7 46.6 47.7

Employed

8,248 8,884 8,303 8,402 8,762 8,595 8,621 8,632 8,459

Employment-population ratio

42.7 45.1 44.3 43.5 44.3 43.8 43.1 43.8 45.2

Unemployed

491 507 438 518 441 487 519 552 467

Unemployment rate

5.6 5.4 5.0 5.8 4.8 5.4 5.7 6.0 5.2

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

35,154 35,780 35,766 35,371 35,680 35,752 36,022 36,038 35,980

Participation rate

55.8 56.5 56.2 56.1 56.1 56.4 56.8 57.0 56.5

Employed

33,890 34,441 34,572 34,094 34,246 34,345 34,611 34,638 34,763

Employment-population ratio

53.8 54.4 54.3 54.1 53.8 54.2 54.6 54.7 54.6

Unemployed

1,264 1,339 1,193 1,277 1,433 1,407 1,411 1,400 1,217

Unemployment rate

3.6 3.7 3.3 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

35,489 35,572 35,640 35,592 35,944 35,668 35,407 35,564 35,730

Participation rate

62.4 62.5 62.6 62.6 63.6 63.0 63.1 62.5 62.7

Employed

34,416 34,475 34,452 34,575 34,877 34,650 34,273 34,472 34,612

Employment-population ratio

60.5 60.5 60.5 60.8 61.8 61.2 61.1 60.5 60.7

Unemployed

1,072 1,096 1,188 1,016 1,067 1,018 1,134 1,092 1,118

Unemployment rate

3.0 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.1

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

62,997 63,652 64,525 63,345 63,632 64,077 64,201 64,274 64,817

Participation rate

72.5 72.7 73.1 72.9 73.1 73.3 73.1 73.4 73.4

Employed

61,521 62,310 63,032 62,063 62,355 62,835 62,879 63,010 63,522

Employment-population ratio

70.8 71.2 71.4 71.4 71.6 71.8 71.6 72.0 71.9

Unemployed

1,476 1,342 1,494 1,282 1,278 1,241 1,322 1,264 1,295

Unemployment rate

2.3 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
July
2022
July
2023
July
2022
July
2023
July
2022
July
2023

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

18,358 17,898 16,330 15,857 2,028 2,041

Civilian labor force

8,686 8,583 7,482 7,462 1,204 1,121

Participation rate

47.3 48.0 45.8 47.1 59.4 54.9

Employed

8,449 8,333 7,295 7,271 1,153 1,062

Employment-population ratio

46.0 46.6 44.7 45.9 56.9 52.0

Unemployed

237 250 187 191 50 59

Unemployment rate

2.7 2.9 2.5 2.6 4.2 5.2

Not in labor force

9,672 9,315 8,848 8,395 824 920

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,944 4,946 4,100 4,047 844 898

Civilian labor force

3,972 3,870 3,319 3,255 653 615

Participation rate

80.3 78.3 80.9 80.4 77.4 68.5

Employed

3,839 3,737 3,220 3,145 619 592

Employment-population ratio

77.6 75.6 78.5 77.7 73.3 65.9

Unemployed

133 133 99 110 35 24

Unemployment rate

3.4 3.4 3.0 3.4 5.3 3.9

Not in labor force

972 1,075 782 792 191 283

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,200 3,057 2,673 2,587 527 471

Civilian labor force

2,242 2,201 1,928 1,883 314 318

Participation rate

70.1 72.0 72.2 72.8 59.6 67.5

Employed

2,209 2,140 1,896 1,843 313 297

Employment-population ratio

69.0 70.0 70.9 71.3 59.4 63.1

Unemployed

33 61 33 40 1 21

Unemployment rate

1.5 2.8 1.7 2.1 0.3 6.6

Not in labor force

957 856 744 703 213 153

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

6,226 5,964 5,978 5,711 248 253

Civilian labor force

826 805 775 771 51 34

Participation rate

13.3 13.5 13.0 13.5 20.6 13.5

Employed

795 784 750 756 45 29

Employment-population ratio

12.8 13.2 12.6 13.2 18.0 11.4

Unemployed

31 21 24 15 6 5

Unemployment rate

3.7 2.5 3.1 2.0 - -

Not in labor force

5,400 5,159 5,203 4,940 197 219

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,988 3,931 3,579 3,512 409 419

Civilian labor force

1,646 1,707 1,460 1,553 185 153

Participation rate

41.3 43.4 40.8 44.2 45.3 36.6

Employed

1,606 1,672 1,429 1,527 177 145

Employment-population ratio

40.3 42.5 39.9 43.5 43.2 34.6

Unemployed

40 35 32 26 8 9

Unemployment rate

2.4 2.0 2.2 1.7 4.6 5.6

Not in labor force

2,342 2,224 2,119 1,959 224 266

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

236,695 239,940 107,787 110,050 128,908 129,890

Civilian labor force

153,737 156,857 79,198 80,821 74,540 76,036

Participation rate

65.0 65.4 73.5 73.4 57.8 58.5

Employed

148,061 151,109 76,417 77,979 71,644 73,131

Employment-population ratio

62.6 63.0 70.9 70.9 55.6 56.3

Unemployed

5,676 5,748 2,781 2,842 2,896 2,905

Unemployment rate

3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.8

Not in labor force

82,957 83,083 28,589 29,228 54,368 53,854

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
July
2022
July
2023
July
2022
July
2023

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

32,619 33,894 231,392 233,109

Civilian labor force

7,371 8,330 157,951 160,023

Participation rate

22.6 24.6 68.3 68.6

Employed

6,796 7,756 152,271 154,226

Employment-population ratio

20.8 22.9 65.8 66.2

Unemployed

575 574 5,680 5,798

Unemployment rate

7.8 6.9 3.6 3.6

Not in labor force

25,249 25,563 73,442 73,085

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

3,115 3,596 78,935 79,971

Participation rate

38.2 42.3 83.4 83.7

Employed

2,871 3,358 76,277 77,126

Employment-population ratio

35.2 39.5 80.6 80.7

Unemployed

244 238 2,658 2,845

Unemployment rate

7.8 6.6 3.4 3.6

Not in labor force

5,044 4,914 15,676 15,583

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,982 3,267 69,570 70,285

Participation rate

36.4 38.5 72.3 73.1

Employed

2,747 2,982 66,838 67,597

Employment-population ratio

33.5 35.2 69.4 70.3

Unemployed

234 285 2,732 2,688

Unemployment rate

7.9 8.7 3.9 3.8

Not in labor force

5,208 5,212 26,705 25,838

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,274 1,467 9,445 9,768

Participation rate

7.8 8.7 23.3 23.6

Employed

1,178 1,416 9,156 9,503

Employment-population ratio

7.2 8.4 22.6 22.9

Unemployed

96 51 290 265

Unemployment rate

7.6 3.5 3.1 2.7

Not in labor force

14,997 15,438 31,061 31,664

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
July
2022
July
2023
July
2022
July
2023
July
2022
July
2023

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

44,856 46,107 22,016 22,508 22,840 23,599

Civilian labor force

29,644 30,870 17,131 17,630 12,513 13,240

Participation rate

66.1 67.0 77.8 78.3 54.8 56.1

Employed

28,683 29,728 16,579 17,069 12,104 12,659

Employment-population ratio

63.9 64.5 75.3 75.8 53.0 53.6

Unemployed

961 1,142 552 561 409 581

Unemployment rate

3.2 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.3 4.4

Not in labor force

15,212 15,237 4,885 4,878 10,327 10,360

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

219,155 220,895 106,620 107,999 112,535 112,897

Civilian labor force

135,677 137,484 70,920 72,018 64,757 65,466

Participation rate

61.9 62.2 66.5 66.7 57.5 58.0

Employed

130,384 132,254 68,374 69,348 62,010 62,906

Employment-population ratio

59.5 59.9 64.1 64.2 55.1 55.7

Unemployed

5,293 5,230 2,547 2,669 2,747 2,561

Unemployment rate

3.9 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.2 3.9

Not in labor force

83,478 83,412 35,699 35,981 47,779 47,430

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023
July
2022
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,562 2,398 2,392 2,412 2,226 2,301 2,301 2,311 2,261

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,724 1,650 1,633 1,600 1,509 1,536 1,569 1,591 1,519

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

785 712 719 750 666 715 672 674 688

Unpaid family workers

53 36 40 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

156,505 159,161 159,590 155,975 158,318 158,639 158,416 158,853 159,099

Wage and salary workers(1)

147,354 150,021 150,596 146,706 149,479 149,383 149,512 149,632 149,974

Government

20,462 21,022 20,293 21,278 21,467 21,678 21,434 21,552 21,161

Private industries

126,892 128,999 130,303 125,447 127,750 127,655 128,050 128,110 128,778

Private households

729 641 689 - - - - - -

Other industries

126,163 128,358 129,614 124,822 127,055 126,942 127,337 127,470 128,166

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,108 9,055 8,930 8,975 9,173 9,100 8,731 8,917 8,814

Unpaid family workers

43 84 63 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,084 4,403 4,158 3,925 4,102 3,903 3,739 4,191 4,000

Slack work or business conditions

2,726 2,955 2,743 2,699 2,873 2,760 2,582 2,890 2,717

Could only find part-time work

938 974 1,078 911 882 817 824 948 1,014

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

19,792 20,354 20,648 21,143 21,433 21,796 21,864 21,267 21,971

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,067 4,337 4,082 3,890 4,037 3,841 3,725 4,095 3,913

Slack work or business conditions

2,715 2,910 2,693 2,677 2,822 2,715 2,566 2,835 2,657

Could only find part-time work

933 970 1,073 910 872 807 821 943 1,012

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

19,367 20,004 20,202 20,721 21,069 21,400 21,496 20,913 21,539

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023
July
2022
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

159,067 161,559 161,982 158,272 160,892 161,031 160,721 160,994 161,262

16 to 19 years

6,557 6,320 6,542 5,428 5,792 5,796 5,676 5,559 5,462

16 to 17 years

2,557 2,451 2,539 2,082 2,227 2,209 2,240 2,177 2,083

18 to 19 years

4,000 3,868 4,003 3,347 3,589 3,594 3,450 3,372 3,353

20 years and over

152,510 155,239 155,439 152,844 155,100 155,236 155,045 155,435 155,799

20 to 24 years

14,435 15,130 15,080 13,898 14,896 14,843 14,816 14,741 14,559

25 years and over

138,075 140,110 140,359 138,946 140,372 140,452 140,314 140,612 141,160

25 to 54 years

101,049 103,108 102,940 101,670 103,121 103,220 103,209 103,384 103,539

25 to 34 years

35,190 35,712 35,997 35,391 35,780 35,866 35,814 35,755 36,168

35 to 44 years

34,422 35,267 35,173 34,619 35,492 35,285 35,257 35,391 35,379

45 to 54 years

31,436 32,130 31,771 31,660 31,849 32,069 32,138 32,238 31,992

55 years and over

37,027 37,002 37,418 37,276 37,250 37,232 37,105 37,228 37,620

Men, 16 years and over

84,953 86,140 86,417 83,912 85,776 85,611 85,410 85,547 85,492

16 to 19 years

3,343 3,072 3,097 2,727 2,961 2,951 2,884 2,679 2,570

16 to 17 years

1,241 1,142 1,167 988 1,134 1,079 1,043 972 943

18 to 19 years

2,102 1,930 1,930 1,743 1,850 1,878 1,844 1,695 1,606

20 years and over

81,610 83,068 83,320 81,185 82,816 82,661 82,526 82,868 82,922

20 to 24 years

7,390 7,784 7,789 7,027 7,687 7,491 7,509 7,541 7,435

25 years and over

74,221 75,284 75,531 74,168 75,249 75,207 75,088 75,233 75,462

25 to 54 years

54,256 55,342 55,437 54,195 55,232 55,184 55,174 55,263 55,358

25 to 34 years

18,715 19,161 19,365 18,709 19,140 19,134 19,145 19,130 19,338

35 to 44 years

18,685 19,169 19,155 18,633 19,115 18,997 18,998 19,143 19,103

45 to 54 years

16,855 17,012 16,918 16,853 16,977 17,053 17,031 16,990 16,917

55 years and over

19,965 19,942 20,094 19,973 20,017 20,023 19,914 19,971 20,104

Women, 16 years and over

74,114 75,419 75,565 74,360 75,115 75,420 75,311 75,448 75,769

16 to 19 years

3,214 3,248 3,445 2,701 2,831 2,845 2,793 2,880 2,892

16 to 17 years

1,316 1,309 1,372 1,094 1,093 1,130 1,196 1,205 1,140

18 to 19 years

1,897 1,939 2,073 1,605 1,738 1,716 1,606 1,677 1,746

20 years and over

70,900 72,171 72,120 71,659 72,284 72,575 72,518 72,567 72,877

20 to 24 years

7,046 7,345 7,291 6,871 7,209 7,353 7,307 7,201 7,125

25 years and over

63,854 64,826 64,828 64,779 65,123 65,245 65,226 65,378 65,697

25 to 54 years

46,793 47,766 47,504 47,475 47,889 48,036 48,035 48,121 48,181

25 to 34 years

16,475 16,551 16,632 16,682 16,640 16,732 16,669 16,625 16,830

35 to 44 years

15,737 16,097 16,018 15,986 16,377 16,288 16,259 16,248 16,276

45 to 54 years

14,581 15,118 14,853 14,808 14,872 15,016 15,107 15,248 15,075

55 years and over

17,061 17,060 17,325 17,303 17,234 17,209 17,191 17,258 17,516

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

45,240 45,696 45,587 45,494 46,341 46,124 45,647 45,844 45,886

Married women, spouse present(1)

36,203 36,422 36,768 36,897 36,759 37,140 36,964 36,847 37,413

Women who maintain families(2)

9,852 9,950 9,869 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

133,844 135,860 135,494 132,565 134,339 134,500 134,477 134,859 134,274

Part-time workers(4)

25,223 25,699 26,488 25,852 26,747 26,663 26,443 26,181 27,153

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,572 7,880 8,091 7,634 7,979 7,707 7,762 7,995 8,113

Percent of total employed

4.8 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

6,643 6,836 7,158 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,893 9,767 9,649 9,725 9,839 9,815 9,403 9,591 9,502

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023
July
2022
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

5,718 5,957 5,841 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.5

16 to 19 years

701 691 696 11.4 9.8 9.2 10.3 11.0 11.3

16 to 17 years

237 274 262 10.2 9.1 9.4 9.5 11.2 11.2

18 to 19 years

461 394 432 12.1 10.3 9.4 10.6 10.5 11.4

20 years and over

5,017 5,266 5,145 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2

20 to 24 years

949 952 1,046 6.4 6.5 5.4 6.3 6.1 6.7

25 years and over

4,057 4,326 4,079 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.8

25 to 54 years

3,079 3,322 3,181 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0

25 to 34 years

1,320 1,467 1,333 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.6

35 to 44 years

972 1,070 1,093 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0

45 to 54 years

786 785 754 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3

55 years and over

956 978 881 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.3

Men, 16 years and over

3,072 3,289 3,203 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6

16 to 19 years

353 383 386 11.4 10.4 9.1 10.4 12.5 13.0

16 to 17 years

96 159 144 8.8 9.5 8.6 8.0 14.1 13.2

18 to 19 years

255 200 238 12.8 10.6 10.1 11.5 10.5 12.9

20 years and over

2,720 2,906 2,817 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3

20 to 24 years

555 545 573 7.3 6.9 6.0 7.1 6.7 7.2

25 years and over

2,159 2,334 2,223 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9

25 to 54 years

1,647 1,707 1,775 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1

25 to 34 years

681 792 760 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.8

35 to 44 years

543 482 554 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.8

45 to 54 years

423 433 460 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.6

55 years and over

512 627 449 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.2

Women, 16 years and over

2,646 2,668 2,638 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4

16 to 19 years

348 308 310 11.4 9.3 9.2 10.2 9.7 9.7

16 to 17 years

141 115 118 11.4 8.7 10.2 10.7 8.7 9.4

18 to 19 years

206 195 194 11.4 9.9 8.7 9.5 10.4 10.0

20 years and over

2,297 2,360 2,328 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1

20 to 24 years

394 407 473 5.4 6.1 4.7 5.4 5.3 6.2

25 years and over

1,898 1,992 1,856 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.0 2.7

25 to 54 years

1,432 1,615 1,406 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.8

25 to 34 years

639 675 573 3.7 3.4 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.3

35 to 44 years

429 588 540 2.6 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.2

45 to 54 years

364 352 293 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.3 1.9

55 years and over

418 373 408 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.1 2.3

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

836 830 803 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.7

Married women, spouse present(1)

806 810 782 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.0

Women who maintain families(2)

482 501 466 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

4,609 4,875 4,702 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4

Part-time workers(4)

1,130 1,086 1,150 4.2 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023
July
2022
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2,776 2,817 2,801 2,616 2,949 2,642 2,960 2,900 2,620

On temporary layoff

1,037 850 873 802 833 709 767 842 667

Not on temporary layoff

1,739 1,968 1,928 1,814 2,117 1,933 2,193 2,058 1,953

Permanent job losers

1,185 1,439 1,381 1,225 1,552 1,445 1,588 1,493 1,372

Persons who completed temporary jobs

554 528 547 589 564 488 605 565 581

Job leavers

880 772 891 843 845 790 765 794 852

Reentrants

1,938 1,934 1,989 1,822 1,665 1,761 1,821 1,745 1,853

New entrants

661 828 691 465 492 531 508 558 503

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

44.4 44.4 44.0 45.5 49.6 46.2 48.9 48.4 44.9

On temporary layoff

16.6 13.4 13.7 14.0 14.0 12.4 12.7 14.0 11.4

Not on temporary layoff

27.8 31.0 30.3 31.6 35.6 33.8 36.2 34.3 33.5

Job leavers

14.1 12.2 14.0 14.7 14.2 13.8 12.6 13.2 14.6

Reentrants

31.0 30.4 31.2 31.7 28.0 30.8 30.1 29.1 31.8

New entrants

10.6 13.0 10.8 8.1 8.3 9.3 8.4 9.3 8.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6

Job leavers

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants

1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

New entrants

0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023
July
2022
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,373 2,788 2,283 2,086 2,272 1,866 2,083 2,068 2,004

5 to 14 weeks

2,179 1,667 2,048 1,769 1,733 1,915 1,865 1,889 1,698

15 weeks and over

1,703 1,896 2,041 1,827 1,838 1,835 2,046 2,021 2,161

15 to 26 weeks

557 845 820 734 734 679 858 917 997

27 weeks and over

1,145 1,051 1,221 1,093 1,104 1,156 1,188 1,105 1,164

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

21.0 19.3 19.6 22.1 19.5 20.9 21.2 20.7 20.6

Median duration, in weeks

7.5 6.4 8.1 8.3 8.1 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

37.9 43.9 35.8 36.7 38.9 33.2 34.8 34.6 34.2

5 to 14 weeks

34.8 26.2 32.1 31.1 29.7 34.1 31.1 31.6 29.0

15 weeks and over

27.2 29.8 32.0 32.2 31.5 32.7 34.1 33.8 36.9

15 to 26 weeks

8.9 13.3 12.9 12.9 12.6 12.1 14.3 15.3 17.0

27 weeks and over

18.3 16.6 19.2 19.2 18.9 20.6 19.8 18.5 19.9

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
July
2022
July
2023
July
2022
July
2023
July
2022
July
2023

Total, 16 years and over(1)

159,067 161,982 6,255 6,372 3.8 3.8

Management, professional, and related occupations

67,874 69,662 1,650 1,701 2.4 2.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

29,786 30,488 466 589 1.5 1.9

Professional and related occupations

38,088 39,174 1,184 1,112 3.0 2.8

Service occupations

25,812 27,173 1,192 1,335 4.4 4.7

Sales and office occupations

30,466 30,623 1,186 1,049 3.7 3.3

Sales and related occupations

14,213 14,569 605 564 4.1 3.7

Office and administrative support occupations

16,253 16,054 581 486 3.5 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14,430 14,444 498 499 3.3 3.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

1,178 1,153 56 39 4.6 3.2

Construction and extraction occupations

8,388 8,341 349 363 4.0 4.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,864 4,949 93 97 1.9 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

20,484 20,080 1,058 1,069 4.9 5.1

Production occupations

8,464 8,278 326 350 3.7 4.1

Transportation and material moving occupations

12,021 11,801 732 719 5.7 5.7

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
July
2022
July
2023
July
2022
July
2023

Total, 16 years and over(1)

6,255 6,372 3.8 3.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

4,475 4,673 3.4 3.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

6 17 0.8 2.7

Construction

359 410 3.5 3.9

Manufacturing

491 420 3.2 2.7

Durable goods

276 261 2.9 2.6

Nondurable goods

215 159 3.7 2.9

Wholesale and retail trade

804 758 4.1 3.8

Transportation and utilities

310 374 3.7 4.5

Information

62 64 2.4 2.4

Financial activities

162 197 1.6 1.9

Professional and business services

628 688 3.3 3.5

Education and health services

785 722 3.2 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

677 836 4.8 5.8

Other services

194 187 2.8 2.7

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

82 63 4.7 3.8

Government workers

802 657 3.8 3.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

234 288 2.3 2.9

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023
July
2022
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

4.1 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

4.7 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

7.2 7.2 7.1 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.9 6.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
July
2022
July
2023
July
2022
July
2023
July
2022
July
2023

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

98,690 98,649 40,584 40,859 58,106 57,790

Persons who currently want a job

6,224 5,578 2,856 2,514 3,368 3,064

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

1,614 1,467 814 740 800 726

Discouraged workers(2)

472 381 292 268 181 112

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,142 1,086 523 472 619 614

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,572 8,091 3,863 3,945 3,709 4,146

Percent of total employed

4.8 5.0 4.5 4.6 5.0 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

4,312 4,556 2,376 2,356 1,936 2,200

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,747 2,003 657 820 1,090 1,183

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

433 421 304 214 129 207

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

995 1,022 483 520 513 502

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June2023 - July2023(p)

Total nonfarm

152,875 156,279 156,945 156,126 152,980 155,970 156,155 156,342 187

Total private

131,804 133,378 134,376 134,558 130,795 133,341 133,469 133,641 172

Goods-producing

21,541 21,564 21,848 21,882 21,246 21,550 21,581 21,599 18

Mining and logging

622 641 648 651 613 643 642 643 1

Logging

46.1 44.4 46.0 48.5 45.3 46.6 46.2 47.3 1.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

575.6 596.8 601.6 602.6 568.0 596.8 595.4 595.7 0.3

Oil and gas extraction

123.9 117.9 118.4 119.2 122.9 119.0 118.0 118.0 0.0

Mining (except oil and gas)

187.6 188.7 190.6 191.4 183.6 186.9 187.2 187.7 0.5

Coal mining

40.9 41.3 41.7 41.7 40.8 41.3 41.6 41.7 0.1

Metal ore mining

43.5 44.0 44.2 44.3 42.9 43.9 43.7 43.7 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

103.2 103.4 104.7 105.4 99.9 101.8 102.0 102.3 0.3

Support activities for mining

264.1 290.2 292.6 292.0 261.5 290.9 290.2 290.0 -0.2

Construction

7,992 7,971 8,139 8,189 7,773 7,926 7,952 7,971 19

Construction of buildings

1,793.9 1,787.8 1,828.8 1,841.7 1,753.2 1,791.0 1,797.2 1,802.2 5.0

Residential building construction

945.9 928.6 947.0 944.5 924.1 927.8 930.0 924.5 -5.5

Nonresidential building construction

848.0 859.2 881.8 897.2 829.1 863.2 867.2 877.7 10.5

Heavy and civil engineering construction

1,126.8 1,132.2 1,160.6 1,166.3 1,078.6 1,105.2 1,113.9 1,116.1 2.2

Specialty trade contractors

5,071.3 5,051.2 5,149.5 5,180.9 4,941.3 5,029.7 5,041.2 5,052.4 11.2

Residential specialty trade contractors

2,363.1 2,347.3 2,397.7 2,422.1 2,304.6 2,335.8 2,349.3 2,362.6 13.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,708.2 2,703.9 2,751.8 2,758.8 2,636.7 2,693.9 2,691.9 2,689.8 -2.1

Manufacturing

12,927 12,952 13,061 13,042 12,860 12,981 12,987 12,985 -2

Durable goods

8,011 8,094 8,175 8,151 7,987 8,108 8,124 8,132 8

Wood product manufacturing

433.8 424.2 426.9 423.9 430.9 423.7 423.5 421.8 -1.7

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

426.2 430.4 437.1 437.1 420.1 427.6 430.8 431.8 1.0

Primary metal manufacturing

362.7 367.1 369.9 371.6 363.3 368.9 370.1 371.8 1.7

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

1,442.9 1,449.5 1,461.7 1,457.0 1,434.2 1,450.3 1,452.4 1,449.7 -2.7

Machinery manufacturing

1,116.5 1,125.6 1,140.8 1,139.3 1,106.1 1,126.8 1,129.5 1,130.1 0.6

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

1,098.3 1,099.0 1,110.2 1,114.0 1,091.5 1,102.4 1,104.4 1,106.9 2.5

Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing

164.0 167.3 169.1 169.2 163.2 168.3 168.5 168.6 0.1

Communications equipment manufacturing

86.9 84.7 86.4 86.6 86.1 84.9 85.3 85.6 0.3

Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing

393.0 387.4 389.7 391.5 389.0 389.3 387.7 388.0 0.3

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

422.1 426.0 431.3 432.5 421.0 426.1 429.5 431.0 1.5

Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing

32.3 33.6 33.7 34.2 32.0 33.8 33.3 33.8 0.5

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

406.6 404.9 405.3 404.8 403.3 405.7 402.1 402.2 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)

1,706.4 1,803.2 1,825.2 1,804.4 1,726.1 1,810.5 1,817.9 1,823.5 5.6

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

990.7 1,062.5 1,070.6 1,045.7 1,013.0 1,066.4 1,071.4 1,069.2 -2.2

Furniture and related product manufacturing

382.7 362.6 365.2 364.2 381.0 363.6 363.7 362.7 -1.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing

635.1 627.7 633.0 635.0 630.5 628.8 630.0 631.3 1.3

Nondurable goods

4,916 4,858 4,886 4,891 4,873 4,873 4,863 4,853 -10

Food manufacturing

1,721.3 1,709.2 1,721.8 1,731.2 1,702.9 1,724.2 1,719.8 1,716.6 -3.2

Textile mills

99.1 93.8 94.4 94.3 98.8 93.8 93.8 93.9 0.1

Textile product mills

104.7 101.0 99.2 98.3 104.1 100.6 99.3 98.3 -1.0

Apparel manufacturing

94.2 93.2 94.5 91.6 93.8 93.0 93.0 91.6 -1.4

Paper manufacturing

362.3 350.8 350.8 348.9 362.0 351.3 350.2 349.5 -0.7

Printing and related support activities

384.4 378.2 376.8 375.7 383.3 378.5 376.1 375.1 -1.0

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

109.1 107.5 108.4 108.3 106.2 106.0 106.0 105.4 -0.6

Chemical manufacturing

914.7 918.9 923.2 918.6 908.8 920.4 918.0 913.4 -4.6

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

761.2 745.4 748.5 749.8 759.2 746.1 745.9 746.8 0.9

Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing

365.2 359.8 368.7 373.9 354.1 359.2 360.4 362.2 1.8

Private service-providing

110,263 111,814 112,528 112,676 109,549 111,791 111,888 112,042 154

Trade, transportation, and utilities

28,641 28,725 28,820 28,805 28,717 28,898 28,867 28,885 18

Wholesale trade

6,018.2 6,057.9 6,077.6 6,098.4 5,982.3 6,054.1 6,045.9 6,063.8 17.9

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods

3,318.0 3,347.3 3,356.2 3,365.7 3,299.5 3,345.5 3,340.1 3,348.7 8.6

Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods

2,177.4 2,187.2 2,197.2 2,205.2 2,162.1 2,184.4 2,182.6 2,189.8 7.2

Wholesale trade agents and brokers

522.8 523.4 524.2 527.5 520.7 524.2 523.2 525.3 2.1

Retail trade

15,503.6 15,463.8 15,539.5 15,567.3 15,476.7 15,548.1 15,534.0 15,542.5 8.5

Motor vehicle and parts dealers

2,023.0 2,036.4 2,049.5 2,051.1 2,011.3 2,030.6 2,034.7 2,038.7 4.0

Automobile dealers

1,254.9 1,256.7 1,261.6 1,261.2 1,252.1 1,255.7 1,257.0 1,258.6 1.6

Other motor vehicle dealers

185.7 182.7 186.3 186.1 177.1 177.5 177.3 177.6 0.3

Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers

582.4 597.0 601.6 603.8 582.1 597.4 600.4 602.5 2.1

Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers

1,455.5 1,430.7 1,428.0 1,404.7 1,412.8 1,377.0 1,373.1 1,372.3 -0.8

Food and beverage retailers

3,215.8 3,228.4 3,250.8 3,266.5 3,196.3 3,244.8 3,243.7 3,249.6 5.9

Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers

897.9 850.1 845.2 840.1 908.9 859.0 854.1 850.0 -4.1

Furniture and home furnishings retailers

454.8 433.4 433.7 428.2 460.4 436.8 435.9 432.5 -3.4

Electronics and appliance retailers

443.1 416.7 411.5 411.9 455.3 423.5 420.6 419.8 -0.8

General merchandise retailers

3,083.2 3,111.9 3,129.2 3,137.0 3,147.1 3,180.8 3,181.1 3,180.4 -0.7

Department stores

932.6 928.1 931.7 931.2 963.7 966.5 962.7 957.3 -5.4

Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers

2,150.6 2,183.8 2,197.5 2,205.8 2,183.4 2,214.3 2,218.4 2,223.1 4.7

Health and personal care retailers

1,080.7 1,095.4 1,097.9 1,092.3 1,093.4 1,105.5 1,107.2 1,106.7 -0.5

Gasoline stations and fuel dealers

1,050.9 1,066.6 1,080.7 1,088.3 1,039.3 1,068.3 1,071.6 1,075.3 3.7

Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers

1,140.5 1,114.4 1,121.2 1,139.6 1,131.1 1,144.9 1,135.9 1,136.5 0.6

Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers

1,556.1 1,529.9 1,537.0 1,547.7 1,536.5 1,537.2 1,532.6 1,533.0 0.4

Transportation and warehousing

6,560.8 6,647.1 6,643.0 6,577.3 6,703.6 6,738.6 6,729.9 6,721.5 -8.4

Air transportation

514.6 539.0 546.5 548.9 509.7 537.9 541.0 543.7 2.7

Rail transportation

146.3 150.5 150.5 150.5 146.2 150.4 150.2 150.4 0.2

Water transportation

70.6 69.6 71.8 71.0 66.1 68.7 68.6 66.9 -1.7

Truck transportation

1,614.2 1,606.5 1,618.5 1,619.7 1,597.0 1,609.2 1,607.2 1,604.3 -2.9

Transit and ground passenger transportation

360.9 450.6 425.3 379.3 416.4 436.5 436.7 436.0 -0.7

Pipeline transportation

50.8 47.5 47.6 47.5 50.2 47.4 47.2 47.1 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

39.6 35.2 41.4 44.6 31.7 35.6 36.2 37.0 0.8

Support activities for transportation

786.5 808.9 809.8 814.3 789.7 815.1 816.9 819.2 2.3

Couriers and messengers

1,055.5 1,053.7 1,059.0 1,038.4 1,139.6 1,126.0 1,120.8 1,117.4 -3.4

Warehousing and storage

1,921.8 1,885.6 1,872.6 1,863.1 1,957.0 1,911.8 1,905.1 1,899.5 -5.6

Utilities

558.5 555.9 560.0 561.6 554.2 556.7 557.3 557.1 -0.2

Information

3,130 3,077 3,107 3,097 3,102 3,091 3,086 3,074 -12

Motion picture and sound recording industries

480.8 475.4 480.3 477.3 465.1 472.4 469.2 463.0 -6.2

Publishing industries

956.4 924.8 942.4 936.9 948.6 933.9 934.9 931.2 -3.7

Broadcasting and content providers

355.9 354.2 352.4 349.2 357.1 354.6 351.8 351.3 -0.5

Telecommunications

671.7 643.2 648.5 644.7 668.8 647.0 646.8 642.5 -4.3

Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services

471.2 489.8 492.8 496.5 470.4 490.5 492.2 496.1 3.9

Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services

194.3 189.7 190.7 191.9 192.2 192.9 190.6 190.0 -0.6

Financial activities

9,126 9,105 9,186 9,230 9,057 9,135 9,144 9,163 19

Finance and insurance

6,710.8 6,692.6 6,732.2 6,752.7 6,683.7 6,715.9 6,718.6 6,724.9 6.3

Monetary authorities-central bank

21.8 21.9 22.2 22.4 21.4 22.0 22.1 22.1 0.0

Credit intermediation and related
activities

2,700.1 2,665.3 2,675.8 2,675.4 2,690.6 2,670.6 2,669.4 2,667.5 -1.9

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,770.5 1,780.0 1,791.8 1,793.9 1,761.5 1,783.4 1,786.7 1,786.4 -0.3

Commercial banking

1,373.4 1,370.7 1,379.6 1,378.6 1,365.8 1,373.4 1,375.3 1,372.5 -2.8

Nondepository credit intermediation

600.7 569.8 570.3 568.8 599.6 572.0 569.0 567.4 -1.6

Activities related to credit intermediation

328.9 315.5 313.7 312.7 329.6 315.2 313.7 313.7 0.0

Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities

1,069.8 1,074.6 1,090.9 1,100.2 1,056.4 1,081.7 1,086.2 1,086.1 -0.1

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,919.1 2,930.8 2,943.3 2,954.7 2,915.3 2,941.6 2,940.9 2,949.2 8.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,415.0 2,412.4 2,454.0 2,477.1 2,373.6 2,419.2 2,425.4 2,437.8 12.4

Real estate

1,838.3 1,841.1 1,861.8 1,872.8 1,817.8 1,849.9 1,850.8 1,855.3 4.5

Rental and leasing services

553.8 548.8 569.5 581.6 533.3 546.7 552.3 560.2 7.9

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)

22.9 22.5 22.7 22.7 22.5 22.6 22.3 22.3 0.0

Professional and business services

22,735 22,997 23,098 23,094 22,659 23,017 23,040 23,032 -8

Professional, scientific, and technical services

10,604.6 10,818.4 10,887.7 10,955.3 10,568.6 10,873.5 10,897.3 10,921.4 24.1

Legal services

1,197.6 1,171.5 1,194.7 1,191.5 1,187.9 1,178.6 1,183.7 1,182.5 -1.2

Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services

1,084.3 1,135.6 1,125.2 1,125.7 1,120.4 1,160.7 1,161.6 1,161.2 -0.4

Architectural, engineering, and related services

1,639.5 1,670.5 1,703.6 1,709.0 1,615.0 1,677.1 1,683.6 1,684.4 0.8

Specialized design services

154.7 158.8 161.1 160.3 154.4 158.7 159.9 159.8 -0.1

Computer systems design and related services

2,472.9 2,504.4 2,501.4 2,524.0 2,462.3 2,504.0 2,508.3 2,514.8 6.5

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services

1,795.1 1,864.8 1,875.5 1,895.7 1,791.8 1,874.3 1,884.3 1,894.0 9.7

Scientific research and development services

919.3 931.9 945.1 955.1 903.5 935.6 935.1 937.8 2.7

Advertising, public relations, and related services

494.0 493.5 497.4 500.1 491.4 494.9 496.2 497.2 1.0

Other professional, scientific, and technical services

847.2 887.4 883.7 893.9 841.9 889.6 884.5 889.7 5.2

Management of companies and enterprises

2,516.1 2,513.0 2,538.1 2,546.7 2,497.9 2,521.6 2,523.8 2,527.8 4.0

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

9,614.3 9,665.9 9,672.0 9,591.5 9,592.6 9,621.9 9,618.6 9,582.5 -36.1

Administrative and support services

9,129.9 9,173.2 9,173.2 9,090.3 9,112.6 9,126.9 9,123.1 9,086.7 -36.4

Office administrative services

606.3 620.9 623.4 622.6 599.1 618.8 619.5 618.2 -1.3

Facilities support services

157.4 160.5 163.4 166.9 158.3 163.8 165.1 165.7 0.6

Employment services(1)

3,794.7 3,782.8 3,717.5 3,630.7 3,896.0 3,800.3 3,780.8 3,746.4 -34.4

Temporary help services

3,026.2 3,010.8 2,942.1 2,869.7 3,119.9 3,014.3 2,994.1 2,972.0 -22.1

Business support services

780.3 754.0 749.9 746.4 794.7 759.7 759.9 759.0 -0.9

Travel arrangement and reservation services

174.7 182.4 184.8 186.2 171.7 181.2 181.6 183.3 1.7

Investigation and security services

954.6 980.1 984.7 975.6 955.7 979.9 985.0 978.2 -6.8

Services to buildings and dwellings

2,322.6 2,347.6 2,405.5 2,416.9 2,200.9 2,279.0 2,287.7 2,293.2 5.5

Other support services

339.3 344.9 344.0 345.0 336.3 344.2 343.4 342.7 -0.7

Waste management and remediation services

484.4 492.7 498.8 501.2 480.0 495.0 495.5 495.8 0.3

Private education and health services

24,119 25,260 25,089 25,113 24,404 25,237 25,308 25,408 100

Private educational services

3,540.9 3,971.3 3,721.8 3,662.2 3,813.1 3,938.5 3,938.2 3,951.7 13.5

Health care and social assistance

20,578.3 21,288.3 21,367.0 21,450.9 20,590.7 21,298.0 21,369.3 21,456.4 87.1

Health care(3)

16,331.6 16,772.3 16,847.2 16,929.4 16,320.2 16,808.5 16,853.7 16,916.7 63.0

Ambulatory health care services

8,135.6 8,370.3 8,388.3 8,430.8 8,139.4 8,377.4 8,399.1 8,434.5 35.4

Offices of physicians

2,811.6 2,882.2 2,889.0 2,905.6 2,810.4 2,885.5 2,895.2 2,903.5 8.3

Offices of dentists

1,023.2 1,038.7 1,037.1 1,043.0 1,023.3 1,038.9 1,034.2 1,042.5 8.3

Offices of other health practitioners

1,089.9 1,130.8 1,133.2 1,134.5 1,089.6 1,130.9 1,134.7 1,135.2 0.5

Outpatient care centers

1,037.2 1,054.9 1,055.5 1,062.4 1,036.9 1,058.3 1,059.7 1,062.9 3.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories

321.3 322.9 322.8 323.2 321.2 323.0 323.1 323.6 0.5

Home health care services

1,531.2 1,604.3 1,616.0 1,624.3 1,535.9 1,603.9 1,615.5 1,627.5 12.0

Other ambulatory health care services

321.2 336.5 334.7 337.8 322.1 336.8 336.7 339.2 2.5

Hospitals

5,167.8 5,275.0 5,301.8 5,323.8 5,165.6 5,295.0 5,305.9 5,322.0 16.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

3,028.2 3,127.0 3,157.1 3,174.8 3,015.2 3,136.1 3,148.7 3,160.2 11.5

Skilled nursing care facilities

1,361.0 1,398.2 1,415.8 1,425.9 1,355.4 1,405.1 1,411.6 1,417.9 6.3

Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities

611.1 630.6 635.1 638.2 608.8 630.8 633.8 635.7 1.9

Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly

903.5 942.9 947.9 953.9 899.4 943.9 945.9 950.6 4.7

Other residential care facilities

152.6 155.3 158.3 156.8 151.7 156.3 157.3 156.0 -1.3

Social assistance

4,246.7 4,516.0 4,519.8 4,521.5 4,270.5 4,489.5 4,515.6 4,539.7 24.1

Individual and family services

2,843.5 3,002.7 3,021.6 3,044.1 2,835.0 2,995.2 3,014.5 3,033.1 18.6

Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services

201.7 215.1 218.0 217.9 202.7 215.8 218.1 218.8 0.7

Vocational rehabilitation services

271.1 279.0 283.7 283.0 266.4 279.0 280.0 278.8 -1.2

Child care services

930.4 1,019.2 996.5 976.5 966.4 999.5 1,003.1 1,009.0 5.9

Leisure and hospitality

16,712 16,779 17,286 17,371 15,887 16,557 16,576 16,593 17

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2,652.1 2,505.4 2,750.0 2,798.4 2,297.8 2,443.3 2,458.3 2,458.6 0.3

Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries

544.5 561.0 571.9 564.2 513.6 528.4 533.4 530.8 -2.6

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

176.0 174.3 184.9 188.3 159.4 171.8 171.9 172.3 0.4

Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries

1,931.6 1,770.1 1,993.2 2,045.9 1,624.8 1,743.1 1,753.0 1,755.5 2.5

Accommodation and food services

14,060.0 14,274.0 14,535.6 14,572.4 13,588.7 14,113.2 14,117.7 14,133.9 16.2

Accommodation

1,948.9 1,861.6 1,971.2 2,015.3 1,781.6 1,852.1 1,856.6 1,859.4 2.8

Food services and drinking places

12,111.1 12,412.4 12,564.4 12,557.1 11,807.1 12,261.1 12,261.1 12,274.5 13.4

Other services

5,800 5,871 5,942 5,966 5,723 5,856 5,867 5,887 20

Repair and maintenance

1,405.0 1,450.1 1,461.5 1,467.3 1,395.4 1,445.4 1,449.3 1,455.9 6.6

Personal and laundry services

1,508.4 1,545.2 1,558.6 1,563.6 1,496.5 1,533.6 1,539.1 1,549.8 10.7

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations

2,886.6 2,875.7 2,921.9 2,934.9 2,831.5 2,876.7 2,879.0 2,880.8 1.8

Government

21,071 22,901 22,569 21,568 22,185 22,629 22,686 22,701 15

Federal

2,878 2,920 2,927 2,942 2,867 2,919 2,922 2,929 7

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,273.9 2,315.5 2,323.0 2,337.0 2,263.7 2,311.7 2,314.9 2,323.9 9.0

U.S. Postal Service

604.3 604.8 603.7 605.3 603.3 607.7 607.4 605.3 -2.1

State government

4,799 5,226 5,009 4,927 5,103 5,216 5,246 5,235 -11

State government education

2,130.7 2,533.6 2,290.5 2,199.2 2,448.5 2,523.0 2,544.5 2,524.8 -19.7

State government, excluding education

2,668.4 2,692.0 2,718.9 2,728.1 2,654.5 2,692.8 2,701.7 2,710.4 8.7

Local government

13,394 14,755 14,633 13,699 14,215 14,494 14,518 14,537 19

Local government education

6,757.2 8,186.7 7,849.3 6,847.4 7,807.4 7,914.3 7,920.1 7,919.8 -0.3

Local government, excluding education

6,636.3 6,568.0 6,783.5 6,851.4 6,407.7 6,579.5 6,598.0 6,616.9 18.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.6 34.3 34.4 34.3

Goods-producing

39.9 39.8 39.8 39.8

Mining and logging

46.2 45.6 45.6 44.8

Construction

38.7 38.8 38.9 38.9

Manufacturing

40.4 40.1 40.1 40.1

Durable goods

40.8 40.6 40.7 40.6

Nondurable goods

39.7 39.2 39.1 39.1

Private service-providing

33.6 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.3 33.8 34.0 33.9

Wholesale trade

39.1 38.9 39.0 38.9

Retail trade

30.3 29.8 29.9 29.8

Transportation and warehousing

38.7 37.9 38.1 38.2

Utilities

42.2 42.3 42.7 42.8

Information

36.7 36.1 36.3 36.3

Financial activities

37.4 37.4 37.4 37.5

Professional and business services

36.6 36.4 36.5 36.5

Private education and health services

33.4 33.4 33.4 33.3

Leisure and hospitality

25.7 25.3 25.4 25.3

Other services

32.3 32.3 32.3 32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0

Durable goods

3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2

Nondurable goods

3.1 2.8 2.8 2.7

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)

Total private

$32.33 $33.45 $33.60 $33.74 $1,118.62 $1,147.34 $1,155.84 $1,157.28

Goods-producing

32.53 33.84 34.04 34.26 1,297.95 1,346.83 1,354.79 1,363.55

Mining and logging

36.35 38.04 37.95 38.09 1,679.37 1,734.62 1,730.52 1,706.43

Construction

34.78 36.26 36.36 36.67 1,345.99 1,406.89 1,414.40 1,426.46

Manufacturing

31.02 32.17 32.44 32.61 1,253.21 1,290.02 1,300.84 1,307.66

Durable goods

32.56 33.74 33.95 34.12 1,328.45 1,369.84 1,381.77 1,385.27

Nondurable goods

28.43 29.47 29.82 29.99 1,128.67 1,155.22 1,165.96 1,172.61

Private service-providing

32.29 33.37 33.50 33.62 1,084.94 1,111.22 1,115.55 1,119.55

Trade, transportation, and utilities

27.73 28.86 28.98 29.03 951.14 975.47 985.32 984.12

Wholesale trade

35.17 36.58 36.84 36.82 1,375.15 1,422.96 1,436.76 1,432.30

Retail trade

23.01 23.83 23.88 23.94 697.20 710.13 714.01 713.41

Transportation and warehousing

27.77 28.95 29.05 29.12 1,074.70 1,097.21 1,106.81 1,112.38

Utilities

47.53 49.68 49.96 50.05 2,005.77 2,101.46 2,133.29 2,142.14

Information

46.49 48.13 48.04 48.24 1,706.18 1,737.49 1,743.85 1,751.11

Financial activities

41.67 43.00 43.32 43.50 1,558.46 1,608.20 1,620.17 1,631.25

Professional and business services

38.83 40.23 40.41 40.61 1,421.18 1,464.37 1,474.97 1,482.27

Private education and health services

32.09 32.81 32.92 33.01 1,071.81 1,095.85 1,099.53 1,099.23

Leisure and hospitality

20.18 21.14 21.24 21.31 518.63 534.84 539.50 539.14

Other services

28.86 29.68 29.73 29.69 932.18 958.66 960.28 956.02

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)
Percent change from:
June
2023 - July
2023(p)
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)
Percent change from:
June
2023 - July
2023(p)

Total private

113.6 114.8 115.3 115.1 -0.2 175.6 183.6 185.2 185.6 0.2

Goods-producing

96.6 97.7 97.9 97.9 0.0 142.0 149.5 150.6 151.7 0.7

Mining and logging

89.0 92.1 92.0 90.5 -1.6 129.9 140.7 140.2 138.4 -1.3

Construction

103.7 106.0 106.6 106.9 0.3 156.7 167.0 168.5 170.3 1.1

Manufacturing

93.5 93.6 93.7 93.7 0.0 134.8 140.1 141.3 142.1 0.6

Durable goods

91.7 92.7 93.1 93.0 -0.1 132.7 138.9 140.4 140.9 0.4

Nondurable goods

96.6 95.3 94.9 94.7 -0.2 139.3 142.6 143.6 144.1 0.3

Private service-providing

118.5 119.8 120.0 120.1 0.1 186.0 194.4 195.3 196.3 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

107.6 106.7 107.2 107.0 -0.2 160.9 166.1 167.6 167.5 -0.1

Wholesale trade

103.2 103.9 104.0 104.0 0.0 151.8 159.0 160.3 160.3 0.0

Retail trade

95.4 94.3 94.5 94.3 -0.2 145.2 148.6 149.3 149.2 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing

149.1 146.7 147.3 147.5 0.1 210.6 216.1 217.7 218.6 0.4

Utilities

101.2 101.9 103.0 103.2 0.2 158.9 167.2 170.0 170.6 0.4

Information

104.0 101.9 102.3 101.9 -0.4 172.1 174.7 175.0 175.1 0.1

Financial activities

111.0 111.9 112.0 112.6 0.5 180.3 187.7 189.3 191.0 0.9

Professional and business services

129.7 131.1 131.6 131.5 -0.1 204.1 213.6 215.4 216.4 0.5

Private education and health services

133.1 137.6 138.0 138.2 0.1 205.5 217.2 218.6 219.4 0.4

Leisure and hospitality

116.5 119.5 120.1 119.8 -0.2 189.7 203.8 205.9 205.9 0.0

Other services

106.6 109.1 109.3 109.3 0.0 168.6 177.4 178.0 177.9 -0.1

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)

Total nonfarm

76,169 77,678 77,794 77,937 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.9

Total private

63,241 64,472 64,548 64,675 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing

4,898 4,988 4,995 5,000 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1

Mining and logging

78 83 83 83 12.7 12.9 12.9 12.9

Construction

1,091 1,119 1,127 1,135 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.2

Manufacturing

3,729 3,786 3,785 3,782 29.0 29.2 29.1 29.1

Durable goods

1,980 2,025 2,027 2,028 24.8 25.0 25.0 24.9

Nondurable goods

1,749 1,761 1,758 1,754 35.9 36.1 36.2 36.1

Private service-providing

58,343 59,484 59,553 59,675 53.3 53.2 53.2 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

11,328 11,355 11,345 11,336 39.4 39.3 39.3 39.2

Wholesale trade

1,832.1 1,857.6 1,863.0 1,863.5 30.6 30.7 30.8 30.7

Retail trade

7,542.3 7,523.8 7,514.0 7,513.8 48.7 48.4 48.4 48.3

Transportation and warehousing

1,813.0 1,827.9 1,821.8 1,813.3 27.0 27.1 27.1 27.0

Utilities

140.8 145.7 145.9 145.3 25.4 26.2 26.2 26.1

Information

1,240 1,253 1,251 1,251 40.0 40.5 40.5 40.7

Financial activities

5,054 5,086 5,087 5,091 55.8 55.7 55.6 55.6

Professional and business services

10,458 10,589 10,590 10,597 46.2 46.0 46.0 46.0

Private education and health services

18,807 19,388 19,459 19,541 77.1 76.8 76.9 76.9

Leisure and hospitality

8,398 8,674 8,675 8,711 52.9 52.4 52.3 52.5

Other services

3,058 3,139 3,146 3,148 53.4 53.6 53.6 53.5

Government

12,928 13,206 13,246 13,262 58.3 58.4 58.4 58.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)

Total private

106,649 108,539 108,676 108,917

Goods-producing

15,243 15,443 15,464 15,466

Mining and logging

462 490 491 495

Construction

5,745 5,825 5,841 5,847

Manufacturing

9,036 9,128 9,132 9,124

Durable goods

5,534 5,618 5,630 5,627

Nondurable goods

3,502 3,510 3,502 3,497

Private service-providing

91,406 93,096 93,212 93,451

Trade, transportation, and utilities

24,228 24,362 24,335 24,354

Wholesale trade

4,754.5 4,790.6 4,777.1 4,792.8

Retail trade

13,186.3 13,249.5 13,234.1 13,244.3

Transportation and warehousing

5,842.0 5,878.8 5,880.5 5,874.4

Utilities

445.2 443.2 443.0 442.4

Information

2,468 2,472 2,467 2,462

Financial activities

6,820 6,861 6,871 6,880

Professional and business services

18,135 18,244 18,251 18,249

Private education and health services

21,221 21,948 22,013 22,093

Leisure and hospitality

13,879 14,448 14,506 14,620

Other services

4,655 4,761 4,769 4,793

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.0 33.8 33.8 33.8

Goods-producing

40.7 40.5 40.5 40.4

Mining and logging

48.2 48.0 47.5 47.2

Construction

39.5 39.5 39.6 39.5

Manufacturing

41.1 40.7 40.7 40.6

Durable goods

41.5 41.1 41.1 41.0

Nondurable goods

40.4 40.2 40.0 40.1

Private service-providing

32.9 32.7 32.7 32.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.1 33.9 34.1 34.0

Wholesale trade

39.2 38.8 39.0 38.9

Retail trade

30.4 30.2 30.4 30.3

Transportation and warehousing

37.8 37.6 37.6 37.7

Utilities

42.5 42.6 42.9 43.4

Information

36.3 35.6 35.7 35.9

Financial activities

37.4 37.1 37.1 37.0

Professional and business services

36.4 36.2 36.3 36.3

Private education and health services

32.6 32.7 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality

24.6 24.2 24.1 24.1

Other services

31.1 31.3 31.3 31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

4.0 3.6 3.7 3.7

Durable goods

4.2 3.8 3.9 3.9

Nondurable goods

3.7 3.4 3.4 3.5

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)

Total private

$27.64 $28.72 $28.83 $28.96 $939.76 $970.74 $974.45 $978.85

Goods-producing

28.05 29.33 29.53 29.65 1,141.64 1,187.87 1,195.97 1,197.86

Mining and logging

32.89 34.30 34.53 34.72 1,585.30 1,646.40 1,640.18 1,638.78

Construction

32.36 33.97 34.06 34.24 1,278.22 1,341.82 1,348.78 1,352.48

Manufacturing

25.12 26.15 26.39 26.46 1,032.43 1,064.31 1,074.07 1,074.28

Durable goods

26.20 27.32 27.55 27.62 1,087.30 1,122.85 1,132.31 1,132.42

Nondurable goods

23.37 24.23 24.49 24.56 944.15 974.05 979.60 984.86

Private service-providing

27.56 28.59 28.69 28.82 906.72 934.89 938.16 942.41

Trade, transportation, and utilities

24.06 25.10 25.18 25.31 820.45 850.89 858.64 860.54

Wholesale trade

29.34 30.28 30.47 30.50 1,150.13 1,174.86 1,188.33 1,186.45

Retail trade

19.71 20.40 20.48 20.54 599.18 616.08 622.59 622.36

Transportation and warehousing

25.91 27.62 27.63 27.88 979.40 1,038.51 1,038.89 1,051.08

Utilities

42.42 44.33 44.33 44.79 1,802.85 1,888.46 1,901.76 1,943.89

Information

37.71 39.41 39.35 39.45 1,368.87 1,403.00 1,404.80 1,416.26

Financial activities

32.48 33.60 33.76 33.84 1,214.75 1,246.56 1,252.50 1,252.08

Professional and business services

32.59 34.05 34.11 34.31 1,186.28 1,232.61 1,238.19 1,245.45

Private education and health services

29.13 29.95 30.09 30.25 949.64 979.37 980.93 986.15

Leisure and hospitality

17.89 18.68 18.80 18.87 440.09 452.06 453.08 454.77

Other services

25.03 25.49 25.61 25.72 778.43 797.84 801.59 802.46

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)
Percent change from:
June
2023 - July
2023(p)
July
2022
May
2023
June
2023(p)
July
2023(p)
Percent change from:
June
2023 - July
2023(p)

Total private

120.8 122.2 122.4 122.7 0.2 223.2 234.7 235.9 237.4 0.6

Goods-producing

94.8 95.6 95.7 95.5 -0.2 162.8 171.6 173.0 173.3 0.2

Mining and logging

118.3 125.0 123.9 124.2 0.2 226.4 249.3 248.9 250.7 0.7

Construction

113.6 115.2 115.8 115.6 -0.2 198.5 211.3 213.0 213.8 0.4

Manufacturing

85.3 85.3 85.3 85.0 -0.4 140.1 145.8 147.2 147.1 -0.1

Durable goods

86.3 86.7 86.9 86.7 -0.2 141.1 147.9 149.5 149.4 -0.1

Nondurable goods

83.4 83.1 82.5 82.6 0.1 137.7 142.3 142.8 143.4 0.4

Private service-providing

128.1 129.7 129.9 130.2 0.2 242.2 254.4 255.6 257.4 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

115.6 115.6 116.2 115.9 -0.3 198.9 207.4 209.0 209.7 0.3

Wholesale trade

110.6 110.3 110.6 110.7 0.1 191.5 197.1 198.8 199.2 0.2

Retail trade

101.6 101.5 102.0 101.7 -0.3 171.8 177.5 179.1 179.2 0.1

Transportation and warehousing

167.1 167.3 167.3 167.6 0.2 275.6 294.1 294.3 297.4 1.1

Utilities

96.8 96.6 97.2 98.2 1.0 171.3 178.7 179.8 183.6 2.1

Information

102.3 100.4 100.5 100.9 0.4 190.9 196.0 195.8 197.0 0.6

Financial activities

120.0 119.8 120.0 119.8 -0.2 239.9 247.6 249.2 249.4 0.1

Professional and business services

147.4 147.4 147.9 147.9 0.0 285.6 298.6 300.1 301.8 0.6

Private education and health services

147.5 153.0 153.0 153.6 0.4 283.6 302.5 303.9