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Economic News Release
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CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	       USDL-20-1503
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, August 7, 2020

Technical information: 
 Household data:      cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	      (202) 691-5902   *  PressOffice@bls.gov

(NOTE: BLS reissued this news release on September 23, 2020, to address minor data
errors associated with the introduction in January 2020 of a new occupation 
classification system. The corrections affected a limited number of data series
presented in tables A-8, A-9, A-13, and A-14 of this release; for the vast majority
of these series, the impact was negligible. Most major series, including the official
unemployment rate, were not affected. Estimates in the BLS online database were
corrected for January–July 2020. For more information on these corrections, see 
www.bls.gov/bls/errata/revision-to-current-population-survey-estimates-for-January-
through-July-2020.htm.)


                        THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JULY 2020


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 1.8 million in July, and the unemployment
rate fell to 10.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These
improvements in the labor market reflected the continued resumption of economic
activity that had been curtailed due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and
efforts to contain it. In July, notable job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality,
government, retail trade, professional and business services, other services, and 
health care.
 
This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics.
The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry.
For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two
surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In July, the unemployment rate declined by 0.9 percentage point to 10.2 percent, and
the number of unemployed persons fell by 1.4 million to 16.3 million. Despite declines
over the past 3 months, these measures are up by 6.7 percentage points and 10.6 million,
respectively, since February. (See table A-1. For more information about how the
household survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the
box note at the end of this news release.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in July for adult men
(9.4 percent), adult women (10.5 percent), teenagers (19.3 percent), Whites (9.2 percent),
Asians (12.0 percent), and Hispanics (12.9 percent). The jobless rate for Blacks (14.6
percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of unemployed persons who were on temporary layoff decreased by 1.3 million
in July to 9.2 million, about half its April level. In July, the number of permanent
job losers and the number of unemployed reentrants to the labor force were virtually
unchanged over the month, at 2.9 million and 2.4 million, respectively. (Reentrants
are persons who previously worked but were not in the labor force prior to beginning
their job search.) (See table A-11.)

Among the unemployed, those who were jobless less than 5 weeks increased by 364,000 to
3.2 million in July, and the number of persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks rose by 4.6 million
to 6.5 million. By contrast, the number of unemployed persons who were jobless 5 to 14
weeks fell by 6.3 million to 5.2 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those
jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.5 million, was little changed over the month. (See
table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 61.4 percent, changed little in July, following
increases in May and June. Total employment, as measured by the household survey, rose
by 1.4 million in July to 143.5 million. The employment-population ratio rose by 0.5
percentage point to 55.1 percent but remains lower than in February (61.1 percent).
(See table A-1.)

In July, the number of persons who usually work part time rose by 803,000 to 24.0 million,
while the number who usually work full time, at 119.5 million, was little changed. (See
table A-9.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to
as involuntary part-time workers) declined by 619,000 to 8.4 million in July, reflecting
a decline in the number of people whose hours were cut due to slack work or business
conditions (-658,000). The number of involuntary part-time workers is 4.1 million higher
than in February. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were
working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-
time jobs. This group includes persons who usually work full time and persons who usually
work part time. (See table A-8.)

In July, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined
by 463,000 to 7.7 million; this measure is 2.8 million higher than in February. These
individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for
work during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, persons marginally attached
to the labor force fell by 492,000 to 2.0 million in July. These individuals were not
in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime
in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were
available for them, numbered 665,000 in July, essentially unchanged from the previous month.
(See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 1.8 million in July, less than the increases of
4.8 million in June and 2.7 million in May. In July, nonfarm employment was lower than
its February level by 12.9 million, or 8.4 percent. The largest employment increases in
July occurred in leisure and hospitality, government, retail trade, professional and
business services, other services, and health care. (See table B-1. For more information
about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus
pandemic, see the box note at the end of this news release.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 592,000, accounting for about one-third
of the gain in total nonfarm employment in July. Employment in food services and drinking
places rose by 502,000, following gains of 2.9 million in May and June combined. Despite
the gains over the last 3 months, employment in food services and drinking places is down
by 2.6 million since February. Over the month, employment also rose in amusements,
gambling, and recreation (+100,000). 

Government employment rose by 301,000 in July but is 1.1 million below its February level.
Typically, public-sector education employment declines in July (before seasonal adjustment).
However, employment declines occurred earlier than usual this year due to the pandemic,
resulting in unusually large July increases in local government education (+215,000) and
state government education (+30,000) after seasonal adjustment. A July job gain in federal
government (+27,000) reflected the hiring of temporary workers for the 2020 Census. 

In July, retail trade added 258,000 jobs. Employment in the industry is 913,000 lower than
in February. In July, nearly half of the job gain in retail trade occurred in clothing and
clothing accessories stores (+121,000). By contrast, the component of general merchandise
stores that includes warehouse clubs and supercenters lost jobs (-64,000). 

Employment in professional and business services increased in July (+170,000) but remains
1.6 million below its February level. The majority of July's gain occurred in temporary
help services (+144,000). 

In July, the other services industry added 149,000 jobs, with most of the increase occurring
in personal and laundry services (+119,000). Since February, employment in other services is
down by 627,000.

In July, health care added 126,000 jobs, with employment growth in offices of dentists
(+45,000), hospitals (+27,000), offices of physicians (+26,000), and home health care services
(+16,000). Job losses continued in nursing and residential care facilities (-28,000).
Employment in health care is down by 797,000 since February.

In July, employment in social assistance increased by 66,000, with child day care services
accounting for most of the gain (+45,000). Employment in social assistance is 460,000 lower
than in February. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 38,000 in July, following an increase
of 87,000 in June. Despite job gains over the past 2 months, employment in the industry is
down by 470,000 since a recent peak in January. In July, employment rose in transit and
ground passenger transportation (+20,000), air transportation (+16,000), and couriers and
messengers (+9,000). 

Manufacturing employment increased by 26,000 in July. An employment gain in motor vehicles
and parts (+39,000) was partially offset by losses in fabricated metal products (-11,000),
machinery (-7,000), and computer and electronic products (-6,000). Although manufacturing
has added 623,000 jobs over the past 3 months, employment is 740,000 lower than in February.

Financial activities added 21,000 jobs in July, with most of the gain in real estate and
rental and leasing (+15,000). Since February, employment in financial activities is down
by 216,000.

In July, construction employment changed little (+20,000), following job gains of 619,000
in May and June combined. However, employment in the industry remains 444,000 below its 
February level. 

Mining continued to shed jobs in July (-7,000), reflecting a loss in support activities
for mining (-11,000). Mining has lost 127,000 jobs since a recent peak in January 2019,
although nearly three-fourths of this decline has occurred since February 2020.

In July, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by
7 cents to $29.39, following large changes in recent months. Average hourly earnings of
private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees decreased by 11 cents to $24.63
in July. The large employment fluctuations--especially in lower-paid industries--over the
past several months complicate the analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings.
(See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour
to 34.5 hours in July. In manufacturing, the workweek rose by 0.7 hour to 39.7 hours,
and overtime increased by 0.3 hour to 2.8 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.0 hours. (See
tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for May was revised up by 26,000, from
+2,699,000 to +2,725,000, and the change for June was revised down by 9,000, from
+4,800,000 to +4,791,000. With these revisions, employment in May and June combined
was 17,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional
reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) 

_____________
The Employment Situation for August is scheduled to be released on
Friday, September 4, 2020, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 __________________________________________________________________________________
|										   |
|        Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on July 2020 Establishment 		   |
|                       and Household Survey Data				   |
|										   |
| Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19)	   |
| pandemic. In the establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the		   |
| establishments are assigned to four regional data collection centers for	   |
| collection. Although these centers were closed, interviewers at these centers	   |
| worked remotely to collect data by telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged	   |
| businesses to report electronically. The collection rate for the establishment   |
| survey--which had a longer-than-average collection period in July--was 78	   |
| percent, higher than the average for the 12 months ending in February 2020.	   |
| The household survey is generally conducted through in-person and telephone	   |
| interviews. However, for the safety of both interviewers and respondents, the	   |
| vast majority of interviews were done by telephone, with in-person interviews	   |
| conducted on an extremely limited basis in some areas of the country. The	   |
| household survey response rate was 67 percent, up from the rate of 65 percent	   |
| in June but much lower than the average rate of 83 percent for the 12 months	   |
| prior to the pandemic.							   |
|										   |
| In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all	   |
| or any part of the pay period including the 12th of the month are counted as	   |
| employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. Workers who are	   |
| temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are	   |
| not counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits.	   |
|										   |
| In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed,	   |
| or not in the labor force based on their answers to a series of questions	   |
| about their activities during the survey reference week (July 12th through	   |
| July 18th). Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire	   |
| survey reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be 	   |
| classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. As in recent months, a large	   |
| number of persons were classified as unemployed on temporary layoff in July.	   |
|										   |
| Since March, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify	   |
| employed persons absent from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related	   |
| business closures or cutbacks as unemployed on temporary layoff. BLS and	   |
| Census Bureau analyses of the underlying data suggest that this group still	   |
| may include some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been	   |
| classified as unemployed on temporary layoff.					   |
|										   |
| The share of responses that may have been misclassified was much smaller in	   |
| June and July than in prior months. 						   |
|										   |
| For March through June, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment	   |
| rate would have been had misclassified workers been included. Repeating this	   |
| same approach, the overall July unemployment rate would have been about 1	   |
| percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents the upper	   |
| bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size	   |
| of the misclassification error.						   |
|										   |
| According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted	   |
| as recorded. To maintain data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to	   |
| reclassify survey responses.							   |
|										   |
| More information is available at						   |
| www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-july-2020.htm.		   |
|__________________________________________________________________________________|

 __________________________________________________________________________________  
|										   |
|     2020 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data 		   |
|                       to be released on August 19, 2020			   |
|										   |
| Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive   |
| counts of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)	   |
| for the month of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment	   |
| insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to file. On	   |
| August 19, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (ET), BLS will release the preliminary estimate   |
| of the upcoming annual benchmark revision. This is the same day that the first-  |
| quarter 2020 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions for  |
| all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private           |
| employment, will be available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.	   |
|										   |
| The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January  |
| 2021 Employment Situation news release in February 2021.			   |
|__________________________________________________________________________________|




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category July
2019
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020
Change from:
June
2020-
July
2020

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

259,225 260,047 260,204 260,373 169

Civilian labor force

163,373 158,227 159,932 159,870 -62

Participation rate

63.0 60.8 61.5 61.4 -0.1

Employed

157,346 137,242 142,182 143,532 1,350

Employment-population ratio

60.7 52.8 54.6 55.1 0.5

Unemployed

6,027 20,985 17,750 16,338 -1,412

Unemployment rate

3.7 13.3 11.1 10.2 -0.9

Not in labor force

95,852 101,820 100,273 100,503 230

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

3.7 13.3 11.1 10.2 -0.9

Adult men (20 years and over)

3.3 11.6 10.2 9.4 -0.8

Adult women (20 years and over)

3.3 13.9 11.2 10.5 -0.7

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

12.7 29.9 23.2 19.3 -3.9

White

3.3 12.4 10.1 9.2 -0.9

Black or African American

5.9 16.8 15.4 14.6 -0.8

Asian

2.8 15.0 13.8 12.0 -1.8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

4.5 17.6 14.5 12.9 -1.6

Total, 25 years and over

3.0 11.6 9.7 9.1 -0.6

Less than a high school diploma

5.2 19.9 16.6 15.4 -1.2

High school graduates, no college

3.6 15.3 12.1 10.8 -1.3

Some college or associate degree

3.2 13.3 10.9 10.0 -0.9

Bachelor's degree and higher

2.1 7.4 6.9 6.7 -0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2,796 18,291 14,272 12,924 -1,348

Job leavers

832 554 565 571 6

Reentrants

1,794 1,645 2,356 2,358 2

New entrants

597 536 563 513 -50

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,222 3,875 2,838 3,202 364

5 to 14 weeks

1,795 14,814 11,496 5,169 -6,327

15 to 26 weeks

909 1,078 1,903 6,484 4,581

27 weeks and over

1,170 1,164 1,391 1,501 110

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

3,973 10,633 9,062 8,443 -619

Slack work or business conditions

2,392 9,543 7,939 7,281 -658

Could only find part-time work

1,357 843 942 1,048 106

Part time for noneconomic reasons

21,448 14,394 17,137 17,792 655

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force

1,436 2,394 2,471 1,979 -492

Discouraged workers

342 662 681 665 -16

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

194 2,725 4,791 1,763

Total private

160 3,236 4,737 1,462

Goods-producing

9 676 515 39

Mining and logging

-5 -20 -5 -7

Construction

7 456 163 20

Manufacturing

7 240 357 26

Durable goods(1)

3 143 290 15

Motor vehicles and parts

-3.3 39.1 210.8 39.3

Nondurable goods

4 97 67 11

Private service-providing

151 2,560 4,222 1,423

Wholesale trade

7.3 23.4 63.0 -5.3

Retail trade

1.0 385.9 826.9 258.3

Transportation and warehousing

-0.5 -25.1 87.0 37.9

Utilities

-0.9 -1.6 -3.2 0.3

Information

-3 -40 10 -15

Financial activities

21 19 23 21

Professional and business services(1)

43 160 318 170

Temporary help services

-4.6 46.9 143.8 143.7

Education and health services(1)

73 388 567 215

Health care and social assistance

45.9 359.4 462.9 191.4

Leisure and hospitality

2 1,405 1,981 592

Other services

9 245 349 149

Government

34 -511 54 301

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

154 -6,478 -4,424 3,093

Total private

142 -5,985 -3,954 3,145

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.9 49.2 49.5 49.7

Total private women employees

48.5 47.6 48.1 48.2

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

82.3 80.6 81.0 81.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.3 34.7 34.6 34.5

Average hourly earnings

$28.05 $29.70 $29.32 $29.39

Average weekly earnings

$962.12 $1,030.59 $1,014.47 $1,013.96

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

110.5 97.4 101.2 102.2

Over-the-month percent change

-0.2 4.5 3.9 1.0

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

148.2 138.2 141.8 143.6

Over-the-month percent change

0.1 3.3 2.6 1.3

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (258 industries)

59.1 63.2 75.0 61.4

Manufacturing (76 industries)

53.3 69.7 77.0 43.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
July
2019
June
2020
July
2020
July
2019
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

259,225 260,204 260,373 259,225 259,758 259,896 260,047 260,204 260,373

Civilian labor force

164,941 160,883 161,374 163,373 162,913 156,481 158,227 159,932 159,870

Participation rate

63.6 61.8 62.0 63.0 62.7 60.2 60.8 61.5 61.4

Employed

158,385 142,811 144,492 157,346 155,772 133,403 137,242 142,182 143,532

Employment-population ratio

61.1 54.9 55.5 60.7 60.0 51.3 52.8 54.6 55.1

Unemployed

6,556 18,072 16,882 6,027 7,140 23,078 20,985 17,750 16,338

Unemployment rate

4.0 11.2 10.5 3.7 4.4 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2

Not in labor force

94,284 99,321 98,998 95,852 96,845 103,415 101,820 100,273 100,503

Persons who currently want a job

5,289 8,633 8,003 5,016 5,509 9,916 8,962 8,195 7,732

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

125,378 125,860 125,944 125,378 125,639 125,707 125,782 125,860 125,944

Civilian labor force

88,025 85,429 85,685 86,793 86,123 83,139 83,900 84,596 84,533

Participation rate

70.2 67.9 68.0 69.2 68.5 66.1 66.7 67.2 67.1

Employed

84,798 76,425 77,375 83,589 82,357 71,916 73,702 75,629 76,212

Employment-population ratio

67.6 60.7 61.4 66.7 65.6 57.2 58.6 60.1 60.5

Unemployed

3,227 9,004 8,310 3,204 3,765 11,223 10,199 8,967 8,321

Unemployment rate

3.7 10.5 9.7 3.7 4.4 13.5 12.2 10.6 9.8

Not in labor force

37,353 40,431 40,258 38,585 39,516 42,569 41,881 41,264 41,411

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

116,939 117,492 117,580 116,939 117,254 117,330 117,410 117,492 117,580

Civilian labor force

84,284 82,203 82,353 83,771 83,176 80,461 81,057 81,995 81,904

Participation rate

72.1 70.0 70.0 71.6 70.9 68.6 69.0 69.8 69.7

Employed

81,561 74,002 74,756 80,975 79,832 69,977 71,672 73,641 74,184

Employment-population ratio

69.7 63.0 63.6 69.2 68.1 59.6 61.0 62.7 63.1

Unemployed

2,723 8,201 7,597 2,796 3,344 10,483 9,385 8,354 7,720

Unemployment rate

3.2 10.0 9.2 3.3 4.0 13.0 11.6 10.2 9.4

Not in labor force

32,655 35,289 35,227 33,168 34,078 36,870 36,352 35,497 35,676

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

133,847 134,344 134,429 133,847 134,119 134,189 134,265 134,344 134,429

Civilian labor force

76,916 75,454 75,689 76,580 76,790 73,343 74,327 75,336 75,337

Participation rate

57.5 56.2 56.3 57.2 57.3 54.7 55.4 56.1 56.0

Employed

73,587 66,386 67,117 73,757 73,415 61,487 63,540 66,552 67,320

Employment-population ratio

55.0 49.4 49.9 55.1 54.7 45.8 47.3 49.5 50.1

Unemployed

3,329 9,068 8,572 2,823 3,375 11,855 10,787 8,783 8,017

Unemployment rate

4.3 12.0 11.3 3.7 4.4 16.2 14.5 11.7 10.6

Not in labor force

56,931 58,890 58,740 57,267 57,329 60,847 59,938 59,009 59,092

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

125,604 126,155 126,243 125,604 125,915 125,991 126,072 126,155 126,243

Civilian labor force

73,269 72,214 72,404 73,585 73,840 70,913 71,558 72,580 72,720

Participation rate

58.3 57.2 57.4 58.6 58.6 56.3 56.8 57.5 57.6

Employed

70,415 63,925 64,384 71,120 70,886 59,947 61,638 64,426 65,113

Employment-population ratio

56.1 50.7 51.0 56.6 56.3 47.6 48.9 51.1 51.6

Unemployed

2,853 8,289 8,020 2,465 2,954 10,966 9,920 8,154 7,607

Unemployment rate

3.9 11.5 11.1 3.3 4.0 15.5 13.9 11.2 10.5

Not in labor force

52,336 53,940 53,839 52,019 52,075 55,079 54,514 53,575 53,523

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,682 16,557 16,550 16,682 16,590 16,574 16,566 16,557 16,550

Civilian labor force

7,389 6,466 6,618 6,017 5,897 5,108 5,612 5,356 5,245

Participation rate

44.3 39.1 40.0 36.1 35.5 30.8 33.9 32.3 31.7

Employed

6,409 4,884 5,353 5,250 5,054 3,479 3,932 4,114 4,235

Employment-population ratio

38.4 29.5 32.3 31.5 30.5 21.0 23.7 24.8 25.6

Unemployed

980 1,582 1,265 767 843 1,628 1,681 1,242 1,011

Unemployment rate

13.3 24.5 19.1 12.7 14.3 31.9 29.9 23.2 19.3

Not in labor force

9,293 10,092 9,932 10,665 10,693 11,467 10,953 11,201 11,304

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
July
2019
June
2020
July
2020
July
2019
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

200,843 201,233 201,319 200,843 201,023 201,082 201,154 201,233 201,319

Civilian labor force

127,549 124,744 124,664 126,398 126,021 121,242 122,661 124,009 123,618

Participation rate

63.5 62.0 61.9 62.9 62.7 60.3 61.0 61.6 61.4

Employed

122,968 112,020 112,913 122,213 121,042 104,065 107,499 111,538 112,226

Employment-population ratio

61.2 55.7 56.1 60.8 60.2 51.8 53.4 55.4 55.7

Unemployed

4,580 12,725 11,752 4,185 4,979 17,176 15,162 12,470 11,392

Unemployment rate

3.6 10.2 9.4 3.3 4.0 14.2 12.4 10.1 9.2

Not in labor force

73,294 76,488 76,655 74,445 75,002 79,840 78,493 77,224 77,701

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

66,301 64,888 64,672 65,988 65,522 63,645 64,125 64,688 64,420

Participation rate

72.1 70.3 70.1 71.7 71.1 69.1 69.5 70.1 69.8

Employed

64,399 59,214 59,432 64,007 63,120 55,776 57,263 58,898 59,054

Employment-population ratio

70.0 64.2 64.4 69.6 68.5 60.5 62.1 63.8 64.0

Unemployed

1,902 5,674 5,240 1,980 2,402 7,869 6,862 5,790 5,367

Unemployment rate

2.9 8.7 8.1 3.0 3.7 12.4 10.7 9.0 8.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

55,479 54,800 54,843 55,726 55,878 53,634 54,294 55,147 55,124

Participation rate

57.4 56.6 56.6 57.7 57.8 55.4 56.1 56.9 56.9

Employed

53,481 48,957 49,214 54,060 53,878 45,563 47,195 49,440 49,822

Employment-population ratio

55.4 50.6 50.8 56.0 55.7 47.1 48.8 51.1 51.4

Unemployed

1,998 5,843 5,629 1,666 2,000 8,071 7,099 5,707 5,302

Unemployment rate

3.6 10.7 10.3 3.0 3.6 15.0 13.1 10.3 9.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

5,768 5,056 5,150 4,684 4,621 3,963 4,242 4,174 4,074

Participation rate

47.1 41.6 42.4 38.3 38.0 32.6 34.9 34.4 33.6

Employed

5,088 3,848 4,266 4,145 4,043 2,727 3,041 3,201 3,350

Employment-population ratio

41.6 31.7 35.1 33.9 33.2 22.4 25.0 26.4 27.6

Unemployed

680 1,208 884 539 578 1,236 1,202 973 724

Unemployment rate

11.8 23.9 17.2 11.5 12.5 31.2 28.3 23.3 17.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

33,045 33,323 33,353 33,045 33,238 33,267 33,294 33,323 33,353

Civilian labor force

20,942 20,134 20,321 20,722 20,596 19,487 19,858 20,010 20,094

Participation rate

63.4 60.4 60.9 62.7 62.0 58.6 59.6 60.0 60.2

Employed

19,622 17,019 17,283 19,502 19,208 16,240 16,523 16,927 17,161

Employment-population ratio

59.4 51.1 51.8 59.0 57.8 48.8 49.6 50.8 51.5

Unemployed

1,319 3,115 3,038 1,220 1,387 3,247 3,334 3,083 2,933

Unemployment rate

6.3 15.5 15.0 5.9 6.7 16.7 16.8 15.4 14.6

Not in labor force

12,103 13,189 13,031 12,323 12,642 13,780 13,436 13,313 13,258

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,600 9,204 9,319 9,500 9,477 8,880 8,970 9,161 9,229

Participation rate

69.1 65.5 66.3 68.4 67.7 63.4 63.9 65.2 65.6

Employed

9,061 7,752 7,923 8,956 8,812 7,448 7,583 7,670 7,827

Employment-population ratio

65.3 55.2 56.4 64.5 63.0 53.2 54.1 54.6 55.7

Unemployed

540 1,453 1,396 543 665 1,432 1,388 1,492 1,402

Unemployment rate

5.6 15.8 15.0 5.7 7.0 16.1 15.5 16.3 15.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,388 10,082 10,136 10,431 10,374 9,995 10,097 10,113 10,156

Participation rate

62.2 59.8 60.0 62.5 61.7 59.4 59.9 60.0 60.2

Employed

9,800 8,661 8,702 9,893 9,830 8,351 8,426 8,693 8,785

Employment-population ratio

58.7 51.4 51.6 59.2 58.5 49.6 50.0 51.6 52.0

Unemployed

588 1,422 1,433 537 543 1,644 1,671 1,420 1,371

Unemployment rate

5.7 14.1 14.1 5.2 5.2 16.4 16.5 14.0 13.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

954 848 866 792 745 612 791 735 709

Participation rate

38.8 35.1 35.9 32.2 30.7 25.2 32.7 30.4 29.4

Employed

762 607 657 653 566 441 515 564 549

Employment-population ratio

31.0 25.1 27.2 26.5 23.3 18.2 21.3 23.3 22.7

Unemployed

192 241 209 139 180 171 276 171 160

Unemployment rate

20.1 28.4 24.2 17.6 24.1 28.0 34.9 23.2 22.5

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,399 16,471 16,420 16,399 16,419 16,363 16,385 16,471 16,420

Civilian labor force

10,519 10,202 10,481 10,452 10,470 9,938 9,968 10,108 10,408

Participation rate

64.1 61.9 63.8 63.7 63.8 60.7 60.8 61.4 63.4

Employed

10,205 8,786 9,207 10,163 10,037 8,499 8,475 8,717 9,163

Employment-population ratio

62.2 53.3 56.1 62.0 61.1 51.9 51.7 52.9 55.8

Unemployed

314 1,416 1,274 290 433 1,438 1,493 1,392 1,245

Unemployment rate

3.0 13.9 12.2 2.8 4.1 14.5 15.0 13.8 12.0

Not in labor force

5,881 6,269 5,939 5,947 5,948 6,425 6,417 6,362 6,012

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
July
2019
June
2020
July
2020
July
2019
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

43,537 44,132 44,212 43,537 43,895 43,975 44,053 44,132 44,212

Civilian labor force

29,097 29,006 28,737 28,916 29,443 27,841 28,218 28,907 28,560

Participation rate

66.8 65.7 65.0 66.4 67.1 63.3 64.1 65.5 64.6

Employed

27,733 24,794 24,998 27,610 27,672 22,579 23,241 24,711 24,885

Employment-population ratio

63.7 56.2 56.5 63.4 63.0 51.3 52.8 56.0 56.3

Unemployed

1,365 4,212 3,739 1,305 1,771 5,263 4,977 4,195 3,675

Unemployment rate

4.7 14.5 13.0 4.5 6.0 18.9 17.6 14.5 12.9

Not in labor force

14,440 15,126 15,475 14,622 14,452 16,133 15,834 15,225 15,652

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

15,702 15,604 15,538 15,653 15,844 15,337 15,493 15,588 15,488

Participation rate

79.9 78.3 77.8 79.6 80.0 77.2 77.9 78.2 77.6

Employed

15,133 13,654 13,832 15,028 15,037 12,776 13,154 13,590 13,728

Employment-population ratio

77.0 68.5 69.3 76.5 75.9 64.3 66.1 68.2 68.8

Unemployed

569 1,950 1,706 625 807 2,561 2,338 1,999 1,761

Unemployment rate

3.6 12.5 11.0 4.0 5.1 16.7 15.1 12.8 11.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

11,869 11,969 11,825 11,943 12,245 11,348 11,510 11,999 11,881

Participation rate

59.7 59.3 58.5 60.0 61.0 56.4 57.1 59.4 58.7

Employed

11,382 10,125 10,124 11,493 11,507 9,060 9,326 10,158 10,217

Employment-population ratio

57.2 50.1 50.0 57.8 57.3 45.0 46.3 50.3 50.5

Unemployed

487 1,844 1,701 450 738 2,288 2,184 1,841 1,664

Unemployment rate

4.1 15.4 14.4 3.8 6.0 20.2 19.0 15.3 14.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,527 1,434 1,374 1,320 1,354 1,157 1,216 1,319 1,191

Participation rate

38.3 35.7 34.2 33.1 33.8 28.9 30.3 32.9 29.7

Employed

1,218 1,016 1,042 1,090 1,128 743 761 964 940

Employment-population ratio

30.5 25.3 25.9 27.3 28.2 18.6 19.0 24.0 23.4

Unemployed

309 418 332 230 225 414 454 355 251

Unemployment rate

20.2 29.1 24.2 17.4 16.7 35.8 37.4 26.9 21.0

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2019
June
2020
July
2020
July
2019
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

9,812 8,537 8,093 9,974 9,251 8,595 8,212 8,342 8,255

Participation rate

46.3 43.9 44.0 47.1 45.7 42.8 41.9 42.9 44.9

Employed

9,358 7,218 6,884 9,458 8,626 6,774 6,577 6,958 6,981

Employment-population ratio

44.2 37.1 37.4 44.6 42.6 33.7 33.5 35.7 38.0

Unemployed

455 1,319 1,209 517 625 1,821 1,634 1,385 1,274

Unemployment rate

4.6 15.4 14.9 5.2 6.8 21.2 19.9 16.6 15.4

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

36,303 33,324 33,934 36,324 35,232 33,252 33,792 33,598 33,942

Participation rate

57.5 54.8 55.4 57.6 57.4 54.6 55.0 55.3 55.4

Employed

35,005 29,355 30,274 35,018 33,687 27,505 28,605 29,519 30,266

Employment-population ratio

55.5 48.3 49.4 55.5 54.9 45.1 46.6 48.6 49.4

Unemployed

1,297 3,969 3,660 1,306 1,545 5,747 5,187 4,079 3,677

Unemployment rate

3.6 11.9 10.8 3.6 4.4 17.3 15.3 12.1 10.8

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

37,213 36,615 36,459 37,227 37,381 35,860 36,381 36,661 36,455

Participation rate

65.0 63.8 63.4 65.0 64.7 62.5 63.3 63.8 63.4

Employed

35,982 32,643 32,755 36,035 36,013 30,485 31,559 32,662 32,816

Employment-population ratio

62.8 56.9 57.0 62.9 62.3 53.1 54.9 56.9 57.1

Unemployed

1,230 3,972 3,704 1,192 1,368 5,376 4,821 3,999 3,639

Unemployment rate

3.3 10.8 10.2 3.2 3.7 15.0 13.3 10.9 10.0

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

58,303 61,339 61,410 58,702 60,487 60,127 60,442 61,861 61,847

Participation rate

73.0 72.1 71.6 73.5 73.0 71.6 71.9 72.7 72.1

Employed

56,844 57,043 57,072 57,445 59,000 55,084 55,992 57,614 57,710

Employment-population ratio

71.1 67.1 66.6 71.9 71.2 65.6 66.6 67.7 67.3

Unemployed

1,459 4,296 4,338 1,257 1,487 5,043 4,450 4,247 4,137

Unemployment rate

2.5 7.0 7.1 2.1 2.5 8.4 7.4 6.9 6.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
July
2019
July
2020
July
2019
July
2020
July
2019
July
2020

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

18,805 18,450 16,920 16,546 1,885 1,904

Civilian labor force

9,287 8,853 8,210 7,838 1,077 1,015

Participation rate

49.4 48.0 48.5 47.4 57.1 53.3

Employed

8,970 8,153 7,948 7,247 1,022 906

Employment-population ratio

47.7 44.2 47.0 43.8 54.2 47.6

Unemployed

316 699 262 591 54 108

Unemployment rate

3.4 7.9 3.2 7.5 5.0 10.7

Not in labor force

9,518 9,597 8,710 8,708 808 889

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,374 4,572 3,656 3,806 718 765

Civilian labor force

3,536 3,600 3,040 3,132 495 468

Participation rate

80.8 78.7 83.2 82.3 69.0 61.1

Employed

3,407 3,304 2,928 2,873 479 431

Employment-population ratio

77.9 72.3 80.1 75.5 66.8 56.2

Unemployed

128 296 112 259 16 37

Unemployment rate

3.6 8.2 3.7 8.3 3.2 7.9

Not in labor force

838 972 616 674 222 298

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,030 2,993 2,518 2,495 512 499

Civilian labor force

2,309 2,257 1,973 1,924 336 333

Participation rate

76.2 75.4 78.4 77.1 65.5 66.8

Employed

2,234 2,099 1,913 1,810 321 289

Employment-population ratio

73.7 70.1 76.0 72.5 62.7 58.0

Unemployed

75 158 60 114 14 44

Unemployment rate

3.2 7.0 3.1 5.9 4.3 13.2

Not in labor force

721 736 545 571 177 166

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

7,196 6,809 6,948 6,571 248 238

Civilian labor force

1,479 1,189 1,439 1,159 41 31

Participation rate

20.6 17.5 20.7 17.6 16.3 12.8

Employed

1,425 1,091 1,391 1,074 34 18

Employment-population ratio

19.8 16.0 20.0 16.3 13.9 7.4

Unemployed

54 98 48 85 6 13

Unemployment rate

3.7 8.3 3.4 7.4 - -

Not in labor force

5,717 5,620 5,509 5,412 207 207

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,205 4,076 3,798 3,674 407 402

Civilian labor force

1,963 1,807 1,758 1,623 205 184

Participation rate

46.7 44.3 46.3 44.2 50.4 45.7

Employed

1,904 1,660 1,717 1,490 187 169

Employment-population ratio

45.3 40.7 45.2 40.6 46.0 42.1

Unemployed

59 147 41 133 18 14

Unemployment rate

3.0 8.1 2.3 8.2 8.7 7.9

Not in labor force

2,242 2,269 2,040 2,051 202 218

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

231,909 233,036 104,120 104,921 127,789 128,115

Civilian labor force

153,054 149,881 78,490 76,557 74,564 73,325

Participation rate

66.0 64.3 75.4 73.0 58.3 57.2

Employed

147,260 134,215 75,735 69,143 71,525 65,072

Employment-population ratio

63.5 57.6 72.7 65.9 56.0 50.8

Unemployed

5,794 15,667 2,755 7,414 3,040 8,252

Unemployment rate

3.8 10.5 3.5 9.7 4.1 11.3

Not in labor force

78,855 83,154 25,630 28,364 53,225 54,790

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
July
2019
July
2020
July
2019
July
2020

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

29,847 28,980 229,378 231,392

Civilian labor force

6,218 5,862 158,724 155,512

Participation rate

20.8 20.2 69.2 67.2

Employed

5,744 5,025 152,641 139,467

Employment-population ratio

19.2 17.3 66.5 60.3

Unemployed

474 837 6,082 16,045

Unemployment rate

7.6 14.3 3.8 10.3

Not in labor force

23,629 23,118 70,655 75,880

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,610 2,589 79,382 77,256

Participation rate

36.5 35.5 84.0 82.1

Employed

2,402 2,256 76,526 69,751

Employment-population ratio

33.6 31.0 81.0 74.1

Unemployed

208 334 2,856 7,505

Unemployment rate

8.0 12.9 3.6 9.7

Not in labor force

4,532 4,698 15,078 16,822

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,455 2,180 69,725 68,841

Participation rate

31.8 30.4 71.9 70.8

Employed

2,232 1,807 66,764 61,163

Employment-population ratio

28.9 25.2 68.9 62.9

Unemployed

223 372 2,962 7,678

Unemployment rate

9.1 17.1 4.2 11.2

Not in labor force

5,276 4,985 27,203 28,374

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,152 1,093 9,616 9,415

Participation rate

7.7 7.5 25.3 23.5

Employed

1,110 962 9,351 8,553

Employment-population ratio

7.4 6.6 24.6 21.3

Unemployed

43 131 265 863

Unemployment rate

3.7 12.0 2.8 9.2

Not in labor force

13,820 13,435 28,373 30,684

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
July
2019
July
2020
July
2019
July
2020
July
2019
July
2020

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

42,715 42,079 20,687 20,322 22,028 21,757

Civilian labor force

27,982 27,349 16,153 15,532 11,829 11,817

Participation rate

65.5 65.0 78.1 76.4 53.7 54.3

Employed

27,140 23,946 15,757 13,867 11,383 10,079

Employment-population ratio

63.5 56.9 76.2 68.2 51.7 46.3

Unemployed

842 3,404 397 1,666 445 1,738

Unemployment rate

3.0 12.4 2.5 10.7 3.8 14.7

Not in labor force

14,733 14,730 4,534 4,789 10,199 9,940

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

216,509 218,294 104,690 105,622 111,819 112,672

Civilian labor force

136,959 134,025 71,872 70,153 65,087 63,872

Participation rate

63.3 61.4 68.7 66.4 58.2 56.7

Employed

131,245 120,546 69,041 63,508 62,204 57,038

Employment-population ratio

60.6 55.2 65.9 60.1 55.6 50.6

Unemployed

5,714 13,479 2,831 6,644 2,884 6,834

Unemployment rate

4.2 10.1 3.9 9.5 4.4 10.7

Not in labor force

79,550 84,269 32,819 35,469 46,732 48,799

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2019
June
2020
July
2020
July
2019
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,569 2,353 2,271 2,400 2,399 2,424 2,341 2,297 2,128

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,707 1,547 1,518 1,583 1,715 1,694 1,569 1,530 1,446

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

821 769 714 785 660 701 738 716 677

Unpaid family workers

42 37 39 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

155,816 140,458 142,221 155,035 153,358 131,053 134,966 139,944 141,487

Wage and salary workers(1)

146,774 131,946 133,575 146,004 144,507 123,400 126,943 131,444 132,888

Government

20,006 20,464 19,614 20,877 21,143 19,208 19,763 20,895 20,597

Private industries

126,768 111,482 113,961 125,099 123,360 104,148 107,164 110,584 112,361

Private households

808 564 708 - - - - - -

Other industries

125,960 110,918 113,253 124,303 122,642 103,663 106,660 110,045 111,663

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,995 8,449 8,564 8,942 8,806 7,546 7,944 8,376 8,559

Unpaid family workers

46 64 82 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,102 9,306 8,572 3,973 5,765 10,887 10,633 9,062 8,443

Slack work or business conditions

2,387 8,043 7,280 2,392 4,043 9,939 9,543 7,939 7,281

Could only find part-time work

1,374 978 1,034 1,357 1,321 697 843 942 1,048

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

20,038 16,210 16,384 21,448 20,601 12,355 14,394 17,137 17,792

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,017 9,210 8,521 3,876 5,681 10,730 10,485 8,961 8,382

Slack work or business conditions

2,329 7,966 7,239 2,328 3,965 9,780 9,408 7,860 7,234

Could only find part-time work

1,354 974 1,026 1,344 1,312 695 836 941 1,047

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

19,656 15,868 15,998 21,057 20,236 11,970 14,009 16,793 17,404

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2019
June
2020
July
2020
July
2019
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

158,385 142,811 144,492 157,346 155,772 133,403 137,242 142,182 143,532

16 to 19 years

6,409 4,884 5,353 5,250 5,054 3,479 3,932 4,114 4,235

16 to 17 years

2,154 1,744 2,124 1,725 1,800 1,302 1,420 1,501 1,727

18 to 19 years

4,254 3,139 3,229 3,566 3,269 2,154 2,495 2,649 2,581

20 years and over

151,976 137,927 139,139 152,096 150,719 129,924 133,310 138,068 139,297

20 to 24 years

14,787 11,669 12,154 14,223 13,428 10,023 10,608 11,249 11,593

25 years and over

137,189 126,259 126,985 137,921 137,392 119,906 122,691 126,771 127,741

25 to 54 years

99,911 92,407 92,504 100,439 100,313 87,769 89,943 92,702 93,068

25 to 34 years

35,369 32,009 31,962 35,506 35,501 30,453 31,299 32,028 32,105

35 to 44 years

32,904 30,909 31,215 33,082 33,168 29,607 30,088 30,991 31,398

45 to 54 years

31,638 29,489 29,327 31,851 31,644 27,709 28,555 29,683 29,565

55 years and over

37,278 33,851 34,481 37,482 37,079 32,137 32,748 34,069 34,673

Men, 16 years and over

84,798 76,425 77,375 83,589 82,357 71,916 73,702 75,629 76,212

16 to 19 years

3,237 2,423 2,619 2,614 2,525 1,939 2,030 1,988 2,028

16 to 17 years

1,115 878 985 859 817 632 659 714 753

18 to 19 years

2,123 1,545 1,634 1,768 1,715 1,277 1,355 1,302 1,297

20 years and over

81,561 74,002 74,756 80,975 79,832 69,977 71,672 73,641 74,184

20 to 24 years

7,620 5,997 6,347 7,220 6,818 5,222 5,445 5,726 5,949

25 years and over

73,941 68,005 68,409 73,775 73,159 64,758 66,271 67,865 68,243

25 to 54 years

53,775 49,575 49,744 53,706 53,374 47,236 48,488 49,471 49,683

25 to 34 years

19,143 17,079 17,062 19,104 19,002 16,396 16,822 16,987 17,019

35 to 44 years

17,842 16,644 16,911 17,796 17,790 16,049 16,335 16,582 16,867

45 to 54 years

16,789 15,852 15,771 16,807 16,582 14,792 15,330 15,903 15,796

55 years and over

20,166 18,430 18,665 20,068 19,785 17,522 17,783 18,394 18,560

Women, 16 years and over

73,587 66,386 67,117 73,757 73,415 61,487 63,540 66,552 67,320

16 to 19 years

3,172 2,461 2,734 2,637 2,529 1,541 1,902 2,126 2,207

16 to 17 years

1,040 866 1,139 866 983 670 761 788 974

18 to 19 years

2,132 1,595 1,595 1,797 1,554 877 1,140 1,347 1,284

20 years and over

70,415 63,925 64,384 71,120 70,886 59,947 61,638 64,426 65,113

20 to 24 years

7,168 5,671 5,807 7,003 6,610 4,801 5,163 5,523 5,644

25 years and over

63,248 58,254 58,577 64,146 64,232 55,147 56,420 58,906 59,498

25 to 54 years

46,136 42,832 42,761 46,733 46,939 40,533 41,455 43,231 43,385

25 to 34 years

16,225 14,930 14,900 16,403 16,499 14,058 14,478 15,041 15,086

35 to 44 years

15,062 14,265 14,304 15,286 15,378 13,558 13,753 14,409 14,531

45 to 54 years

14,848 13,637 13,557 15,044 15,062 12,917 13,225 13,781 13,769

55 years and over

17,112 15,421 15,816 17,413 17,293 14,615 14,964 15,675 16,113

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

45,868 43,717 43,615 46,008 45,920 41,683 42,822 43,702 43,768

Married women, spouse present(1)

35,338 33,903 33,934 36,175 36,353 31,860 32,978 34,440 34,794

Women who maintain families(2)

9,661 8,218 8,602 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

132,153 120,169 121,198 130,494 129,298 114,322 116,523 118,941 119,532

Part-time workers(4)

26,232 22,642 23,294 26,884 26,553 19,106 20,741 23,179 23,982

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

8,310 6,114 6,569 8,374 7,268 5,451 5,598 6,279 6,602

Percent of total employed

5.2 4.3 4.5 5.3 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.6

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

6,225 6,208 6,279 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,816 9,218 9,278 9,727 9,466 8,247 8,681 9,092 9,236

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
July
2019
June
2020
July
2020
July
2019
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

6,027 17,750 16,338 3.7 4.4 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2

16 to 19 years

767 1,242 1,011 12.7 14.3 31.9 29.9 23.2 19.3

16 to 17 years

312 470 368 15.3 16.4 27.6 30.1 23.8 17.6

18 to 19 years

440 771 636 11.0 12.8 34.3 29.8 22.5 19.8

20 years and over

5,260 16,508 15,327 3.3 4.0 14.2 12.6 10.7 9.9

20 to 24 years

1,027 2,770 2,595 6.7 8.7 25.7 23.2 19.8 18.3

25 years and over

4,245 13,691 12,736 3.0 3.5 13.1 11.6 9.7 9.1

25 to 54 years

3,220 10,072 9,408 3.1 3.6 12.8 11.5 9.8 9.2

25 to 34 years

1,377 4,261 4,137 3.7 4.1 14.5 13.4 11.7 11.4

35 to 44 years

958 3,108 2,772 2.8 3.4 11.5 10.2 9.1 8.1

45 to 54 years

885 2,703 2,499 2.7 3.2 12.3 10.7 8.3 7.8

55 years and over

1,041 3,651 3,331 2.7 3.3 13.6 11.8 9.7 8.8

Men, 16 years and over

3,204 8,967 8,321 3.7 4.4 13.5 12.2 10.6 9.8

16 to 19 years

408 613 601 13.5 14.3 27.6 28.6 23.6 22.8

16 to 17 years

155 167 240 15.3 14.8 21.0 27.8 19.0 24.2

18 to 19 years

238 448 354 11.9 13.4 30.8 29.1 25.6 21.5

20 years and over

2,796 8,354 7,720 3.3 4.0 13.0 11.6 10.2 9.4

20 to 24 years

589 1,339 1,286 7.5 9.1 23.5 22.4 19.0 17.8

25 years and over

2,208 6,990 6,442 2.9 3.5 12.1 10.5 9.3 8.6

25 to 54 years

1,695 5,199 4,828 3.1 3.5 12.1 10.6 9.5 8.9

25 to 34 years

740 2,282 2,257 3.7 4.2 14.2 13.0 11.8 11.7

35 to 44 years

479 1,621 1,438 2.6 3.2 10.4 9.5 8.9 7.9

45 to 54 years

476 1,296 1,134 2.8 3.1 11.4 9.2 7.5 6.7

55 years and over

513 1,791 1,614 2.5 3.4 12.1 10.3 8.9 8.0

Women, 16 years and over

2,823 8,783 8,017 3.7 4.4 16.2 14.5 11.7 10.6

16 to 19 years

359 629 410 12.0 14.3 36.6 31.3 22.8 15.7

16 to 17 years

157 303 128 15.3 17.8 32.9 32.0 27.8 11.6

18 to 19 years

202 323 282 10.1 12.1 38.9 30.6 19.4 18.0

20 years and over

2,465 8,154 7,607 3.3 4.0 15.5 13.9 11.2 10.5

20 to 24 years

438 1,431 1,309 5.9 8.3 28.0 24.0 20.6 18.8

25 years and over

2,036 6,701 6,294 3.1 3.5 14.2 12.8 10.2 9.6

25 to 54 years

1,526 4,873 4,580 3.2 3.6 13.7 12.5 10.1 9.5

25 to 34 years

638 1,980 1,880 3.7 4.0 14.9 13.9 11.6 11.1

35 to 44 years

479 1,487 1,335 3.0 3.6 12.7 11.0 9.4 8.4

45 to 54 years

409 1,406 1,365 2.6 3.3 13.3 12.5 9.3 9.0

55 years and over

505 1,842 1,707 2.8 3.3 15.5 13.6 10.5 9.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

862 3,259 2,892 1.8 2.3 9.7 8.3 6.9 6.2

Married women, spouse present(1)

819 3,367 3,283 2.2 3.0 13.1 11.5 8.9 8.6

Women who maintain families(2)

622 1,242 1,216 6.0 5.3 15.9 15.8 13.1 12.4

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

4,855 13,755 12,920 3.6 4.1 12.9 12.0 10.4 9.8

Part-time workers(4)

1,203 4,007 3,447 4.3 6.1 24.5 19.7 14.7 12.6

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2019
June
2020
July
2020
July
2019
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2,986 14,198 13,079 2,796 3,946 20,626 18,291 14,272 12,924

On temporary layoff

1,050 10,596 9,444 828 1,848 18,063 15,343 10,565 9,225

Not on temporary layoff

1,935 3,602 3,635 1,968 2,099 2,563 2,948 3,707 3,699

Permanent job losers

1,362 2,825 2,862 1,360 1,456 2,000 2,295 2,883 2,877

Persons who completed temporary jobs

573 776 773 609 643 563 653 824 823

Job leavers

877 545 614 832 727 570 554 565 571

Reentrants

1,881 2,495 2,448 1,794 1,778 1,477 1,645 2,356 2,358

New entrants

813 834 741 597 509 389 536 563 513

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

45.5 78.6 77.5 46.5 56.7 89.4 87.0 80.4 79.0

On temporary layoff

16.0 58.6 55.9 13.8 26.5 78.3 73.0 59.5 56.4

Not on temporary layoff

29.5 19.9 21.5 32.7 30.2 11.1 14.0 20.9 22.6

Job leavers

13.4 3.0 3.6 13.8 10.5 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.5

Reentrants

28.7 13.8 14.5 29.8 25.5 6.4 7.8 13.3 14.4

New entrants

12.4 4.6 4.4 9.9 7.3 1.7 2.5 3.2 3.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

1.8 8.8 8.1 1.7 2.4 13.2 11.6 8.9 8.1

Job leavers

0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Reentrants

1.1 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.5

New entrants

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2019
June
2020
July
2020
July
2019
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,387 3,620 3,430 2,222 3,542 14,283 3,875 2,838 3,202

5 to 14 weeks

2,164 11,300 5,556 1,795 1,794 7,004 14,814 11,496 5,169

15 weeks and over

2,005 3,152 7,896 2,079 1,971 1,772 2,242 3,294 7,986

15 to 26 weeks

773 1,867 6,328 909 808 833 1,078 1,903 6,484

27 weeks and over

1,232 1,285 1,569 1,170 1,164 939 1,164 1,391 1,501

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

18.7 13.4 16.1 19.7 17.1 6.1 9.9 15.7 17.9

Median duration, in weeks

7.9 11.1 13.7 9.0 7.0 2.0 7.7 13.6 15.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

36.4 20.0 20.3 36.4 48.5 61.9 18.5 16.1 19.6

5 to 14 weeks

33.0 62.5 32.9 29.5 24.5 30.4 70.8 65.2 31.6

15 weeks and over

30.6 17.4 46.8 34.1 27.0 7.7 10.7 18.7 48.8

15 to 26 weeks

11.8 10.3 37.5 14.9 11.1 3.6 5.2 10.8 39.6

27 weeks and over

18.8 7.1 9.3 19.2 15.9 4.1 5.6 7.9 9.2

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
July
2019
July
2020
July
2019
July
2020
July
2019
July
2020

Total, 16 years and over(1)

158,385 144,492 6,556 16,882 4.0 10.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

63,394 62,494 1,591 4,400 2.4 6.6

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

26,877 26,928 492 1,460 1.8 5.1

Professional and related occupations

36,517 35,566 1,099 2,940 2.9 7.6

Service occupations

27,975 21,929 1,319 4,249 4.5 16.2

Sales and office occupations

33,686 29,472 1,274 3,384 3.6 10.3

Sales and related occupations

15,998 14,234 523 1,734 3.2 10.9

Office and administrative support occupations

17,688 15,238 751 1,650 4.1 9.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14,705 13,183 640 1,339 4.2 9.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

1,211 983 61 78 4.8 7.3

Construction and extraction occupations

8,545 7,675 406 876 4.5 10.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,948 4,524 174 386 3.4 7.9

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

18,625 17,414 903 2,753 4.6 13.7

Production occupations

8,415 7,315 362 928 4.1 11.3

Transportation and material moving occupations

10,209 10,100 541 1,825 5.0 15.3

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
July
2019
July
2020
July
2019
July
2020

Total, 16 years and over(1)

6,556 16,882 4.0 10.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

4,633 13,460 3.5 10.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

18 110 2.3 15.6

Construction

386 870 3.8 8.9

Manufacturing

472 1,306 3.0 8.6

Durable goods

295 796 3.0 8.4

Nondurable goods

178 510 3.1 9.0

Wholesale and retail trade

779 1,924 3.9 9.7

Transportation and utilities

277 1,067 3.7 13.8

Information

103 311 3.9 12.3

Financial activities

169 463 1.7 4.7

Professional and business services

635 1,340 3.4 7.6

Education and health services

757 1,920 3.1 8.0

Leisure and hospitality

805 3,456 5.3 25.0

Other services

233 691 3.4 10.6

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

77 88 4.4 5.7

Government workers

816 1,792 3.9 8.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

216 800 2.1 7.8

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2019
June
2020
July
2020
July
2019
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020
July
2020

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.2 2.0 4.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 2.1 5.0

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.8 8.8 8.1 1.7 2.4 13.2 11.6 8.9 8.1

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

4.0 11.2 10.5 3.7 4.4 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

4.2 11.6 10.8 3.9 4.7 15.1 13.6 11.5 10.6

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

4.8 12.6 11.6 4.5 5.2 16.0 14.6 12.5 11.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

7.3 18.3 16.8 6.9 8.7 22.8 21.2 18.0 16.5

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
July
2019
July
2020
July
2019
July
2020
July
2019
July
2020

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

94,284 98,998 37,353 40,258 56,931 58,740

Persons who currently want a job

5,289 8,003 2,465 3,728 2,824 4,275

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

1,478 2,027 795 1,088 683 938

Discouraged workers(2)

368 701 212 426 156 274

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,110 1,326 583 662 527 664

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

8,310 6,569 4,080 3,353 4,230 3,215

Percent of total employed

5.2 4.5 4.8 4.3 5.7 4.8

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

4,503 3,702 2,387 2,136 2,116 1,567

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

2,091 1,495 725 485 1,367 1,010

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

376 330 268 206 108 125

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,277 981 678 507 599 474

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)
Change from:
June2020 - July2020(p)

Total nonfarm

150,699 133,432 138,509 139,100 150,953 133,028 137,819 139,582 1,763

Total private

129,395 111,866 117,312 118,763 128,366 111,763 116,500 117,962 1,462

Goods-producing

21,418 19,404 20,159 20,236 21,085 19,374 19,889 19,928 39

Mining and logging

746 631 631 632 736 633 628 621 -7

Logging

51.4 50.0 51.6 52.7 50.2 51.2 51.5 51.8 0.3

Mining

695.0 581.0 579.6 579.2 685.6 582.2 576.1 569.1 -7.0

Oil and gas extraction

151.9 152.7 154.5 156.8 149.9 153.5 153.8 155.1 1.3

Mining, except oil and gas

194.8 179.3 180.4 182.9 190.8 178.1 177.0 179.3 2.3

Coal mining

51.0 43.8 44.0 45.1 51.3 44.5 44.0 45.4 1.4

Metal ore mining

43.4 39.5 40.3 41.1 42.4 39.5 39.9 40.6 0.7

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

100.4 96.0 96.1 96.7 97.1 94.1 93.1 93.3 0.2

Support activities for mining

348.3 249.0 244.7 239.5 344.9 250.6 245.3 234.7 -10.6

Construction

7,753 7,076 7,365 7,419 7,504 7,012 7,175 7,195 20

Construction of buildings

1,700.6 1,555.8 1,618.3 1,637.4 1,658.6 1,557.8 1,589.6 1,596.6 7.0

Residential building

838.8 778.7 813.8 828.8 818.3 779.1 798.3 814.6 16.3

Nonresidential building

861.8 777.1 804.5 808.6 840.3 778.7 791.3 782.0 -9.3

Heavy and civil engineering construction

1,131.7 1,053.0 1,069.5 1,075.0 1,072.0 1,024.2 1,015.8 1,017.6 1.8

Specialty trade contractors

4,920.7 4,467.5 4,677.5 4,706.2 4,773.2 4,430.0 4,569.2 4,580.4 11.2

Residential specialty trade contractors

2,158.4 1,979.9 2,076.3 2,091.8 2,088.6 1,957.4 2,023.2 2,030.9 7.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,762.3 2,487.6 2,601.2 2,614.4 2,684.6 2,472.6 2,546.0 2,549.5 3.5

Manufacturing

12,919 11,697 12,163 12,185 12,845 11,729 12,086 12,112 26

Durable goods

8,093 7,259 7,609 7,598 8,067 7,269 7,559 7,574 15

Wood products

412.2 385.0 391.3 390.4 408.7 385.2 388.5 387.2 -1.3

Nonmetallic mineral products

427.6 395.2 407.2 408.1 421.1 392.0 400.3 402.0 1.7

Primary metals

385.6 333.0 338.6 336.0 385.6 333.6 336.6 335.4 -1.2

Fabricated metal products

1,501.4 1,387.9 1,406.8 1,393.6 1,493.5 1,389.2 1,397.6 1,386.2 -11.4

Machinery

1,134.1 1,037.0 1,052.6 1,045.1 1,127.2 1,038.0 1,045.5 1,038.8 -6.7

Computer and electronic products

1,089.0 1,079.4 1,096.0 1,092.8 1,082.2 1,083.6 1,091.9 1,085.5 -6.4

Computer and peripheral equipment

163.3 169.3 171.8 170.6 162.4 169.7 171.6 170.7 -0.9

Communications equipment

83.5 81.2 82.4 82.2 83.1 81.4 82.2 82.1 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic components

381.7 370.5 377.9 376.5 378.9 373.3 375.8 372.7 -3.1

Electronic instruments

427.7 425.5 429.3 427.5 425.0 426.0 428.0 424.6 -3.4

Miscellaneous computer and electronic products

32.8 32.9 34.6 36.0 32.8 33.2 34.3 35.4 1.1

Electrical equipment and appliances

408.9 375.8 382.5 380.3 405.7 377.5 382.2 377.7 -4.5

Transportation equipment(1)

1,723.8 1,382.8 1,602.1 1,611.0 1,737.2 1,385.9 1,591.1 1,624.3 33.2

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

980.8 677.0 896.3 910.1 998.8 677.8 888.6 927.9 39.3

Furniture and related products

389.5 336.0 350.6 350.1 387.4 336.1 348.5 348.0 -0.5

Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing

621.0 546.9 580.8 590.8 618.5 547.6 577.2 588.9 11.7

Nondurable goods

4,826 4,438 4,554 4,587 4,778 4,460 4,527 4,538 11

Food manufacturing

1,665.0 1,558.3 1,595.1 1,622.6 1,639.0 1,580.6 1,586.3 1,593.6 7.3

Textile mills

108.7 88.5 93.7 91.9 108.7 88.1 93.5 92.0 -1.5

Textile product mills

114.2 99.3 103.7 102.1 113.6 99.3 104.0 100.9 -3.1

Apparel

110.8 77.7 84.6 85.6 111.4 77.6 83.8 86.0 2.2

Paper and paper products

366.8 353.6 354.8 357.8 365.6 353.0 353.5 355.8 2.3

Printing and related support activities

426.4 357.4 364.2 364.0 424.8 357.9 363.4 363.8 0.4

Petroleum and coal products

117.8 105.7 106.4 107.2 114.2 104.5 103.2 103.3 0.1

Chemicals

854.7 828.6 832.8 829.4 849.9 830.1 829.7 825.2 -4.5

Plastics and rubber products

739.2 696.2 723.8 722.0 736.2 695.3 718.8 717.8 -1.0

Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing

321.9 273.1 295.3 304.4 314.1 273.1 290.7 299.2 8.5

Private service-providing

107,977 92,462 97,153 98,527 107,281 92,389 96,611 98,034 1,423

Trade, transportation, and utilities

27,671 24,765 25,851 26,094 27,692 24,858 25,832 26,123 291

Wholesale trade

5,933.8 5,559.5 5,648.2 5,644.3 5,906.2 5,560.4 5,623.4 5,618.1 -5.3

Durable goods

3,218.4 3,013.3 3,064.5 3,075.0 3,205.4 3,016.1 3,054.6 3,061.9 7.3

Nondurable goods

2,185.5 2,046.9 2,082.0 2,066.1 2,173.0 2,043.0 2,067.7 2,053.3 -14.4

Electronic markets and agents and brokers

529.9 499.3 501.7 503.2 527.8 501.3 501.1 502.9 1.8

Retail trade

15,634.2 13,637.7 14,519.4 14,778.7 15,614.4 13,673.5 14,500.4 14,758.7 258.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers

2,046.5 1,777.7 1,866.9 1,892.4 2,031.5 1,771.7 1,856.2 1,880.9 24.7

Automobile dealers

1,304.9 1,110.5 1,170.9 1,188.2 1,300.0 1,110.7 1,169.0 1,185.6 16.6

Other motor vehicle dealers

171.0 141.1 156.8 158.8 162.4 135.3 148.3 150.3 2.0

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores

570.6 526.1 539.2 545.4 569.2 525.7 538.9 545.0 6.1

Furniture and home furnishings stores

465.8 290.7 368.1 393.9 471.7 295.5 372.2 399.8 27.6

Electronics and appliance stores

466.6 350.9 375.3 403.5 473.1 355.2 380.4 411.0 30.6

Building material and garden supply stores

1,327.5 1,394.5 1,428.5 1,413.2 1,293.1 1,332.3 1,363.2 1,371.9 8.7

Food and beverage stores

3,098.6 3,097.3 3,154.0 3,136.6 3,076.3 3,103.2 3,133.6 3,114.7 -18.9

Health and personal care stores

1,042.6 898.8 932.0 952.2 1,050.0 904.4 934.9 956.6 21.7

Gasoline stations

958.2 891.7 915.2 923.1 946.9 890.9 904.4 910.2 5.8

Clothing and clothing accessories stores

1,294.8 557.8 790.3 923.7 1,296.2 573.9 803.7 924.5 120.8

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

538.1 358.0 408.2 427.5 550.9 369.4 418.7 437.4 18.7

General merchandise stores

2,986.8 2,896.2 3,059.6 3,051.5 3,025.5 2,947.7 3,115.2 3,096.7 -18.5

Department stores

1,045.7 826.2 937.0 983.4 1,071.5 856.8 971.3 1,016.4 45.1

General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters

1,941.1 2,070.0 2,122.6 2,068.1 1,954.1 2,090.9 2,143.9 2,080.3 -63.6

Miscellaneous store retailers

849.2 611.0 691.3 723.4 836.0 607.9 684.2 712.4 28.2

Nonstore retailers

559.5 513.1 530.0 537.7 563.2 521.4 533.7 542.6 8.9

Transportation and warehousing

5,547.9 5,027.8 5,143.3 5,130.3 5,622.2 5,083.3 5,170.3 5,208.2 37.9

Air transportation

509.5 385.3 382.2 398.6 505.2 383.8 378.9 395.1 16.2

Rail transportation

175.2 148.0 144.6 142.0 174.8 148.0 144.7 141.5 -3.2

Water transportation

68.3 57.1 57.2 58.1 65.6 56.5 55.2 55.6 0.4

Truck transportation

1,553.6 1,430.0 1,449.6 1,457.1 1,535.4 1,432.4 1,436.6 1,438.6 2.0

Transit and ground passenger transportation

429.7 328.9 307.0 271.4 491.1 311.4 313.2 332.8 19.6

Pipeline transportation

52.0 50.4 50.0 49.7 51.7 50.5 49.9 49.8 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

47.9 18.2 25.7 26.0 36.2 16.7 20.3 19.7 -0.6

Support activities for transportation

757.1 661.3 669.4 671.6 755.8 664.6 669.4 669.5 0.1

Couriers and messengers

773.6 824.3 874.1 877.2 816.2 885.4 907.7 916.9 9.2

Warehousing and storage

1,181.0 1,124.3 1,183.5 1,178.6 1,190.2 1,134.0 1,194.4 1,188.7 -5.7

Utilities

554.6 539.5 540.0 541.0 549.6 540.7 537.5 537.8 0.3

Information

2,883 2,562 2,585 2,578 2,862 2,569 2,579 2,564 -15

Publishing industries, except Internet

767.5 734.9 741.2 736.5 762.7 740.0 739.0 732.1 -6.9

Motion picture and sound recording industries

459.3 213.9 223.7 224.6 446.7 209.5 216.9 212.7 -4.2

Broadcasting, except Internet

264.4 237.4 238.1 237.9 266.2 238.5 238.7 238.8 0.1

Telecommunications

707.7 684.8 681.8 679.0 707.3 688.4 683.5 681.2 -2.3

Data processing, hosting and related services

342.3 340.2 344.1 342.1 340.4 339.5 344.8 342.9 -1.9

Other information services

342.0 350.5 356.4 357.4 338.9 353.2 355.6 355.9 0.3

Financial activities

8,836 8,564 8,648 8,697 8,753 8,585 8,608 8,629 21

Finance and insurance

6,466.4 6,428.0 6,457.1 6,482.0 6,431.5 6,445.4 6,448.2 6,455.3 7.1

Monetary authorities - central bank

19.9 19.7 19.9 20.4 19.7 19.8 19.8 19.9 0.1

Credit intermediation and related
activities

2,664.0 2,646.4 2,659.9 2,665.4 2,647.5 2,650.2 2,652.1 2,652.8 0.7

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,787.3 1,771.7 1,781.2 1,776.5 1,775.9 1,772.1 1,772.5 1,767.0 -5.5

Commercial banking

1,400.8 1,383.6 1,391.0 1,386.9 1,391.9 1,383.6 1,384.3 1,379.4 -4.9

Nondepository credit intermediation

576.8 571.0 572.5 578.8 573.3 572.8 571.8 575.6 3.8

Activities related to credit intermediation

299.9 303.7 306.2 310.1 298.3 305.3 307.8 310.2 2.4

Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts

978.7 962.4 969.2 978.3 968.8 968.5 968.1 969.7 1.6

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,803.8 2,799.5 2,808.1 2,817.9 2,795.5 2,806.9 2,808.2 2,812.9 4.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,369.2 2,135.8 2,191.1 2,214.5 2,321.6 2,139.6 2,159.5 2,174.0 14.5

Real estate

1,744.8 1,647.6 1,684.4 1,696.2 1,719.8 1,652.9 1,669.0 1,675.0 6.0

Rental and leasing services

600.8 465.3 483.3 495.1 578.8 463.8 467.7 476.2 8.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

23.6 22.9 23.4 23.2 23.0 22.9 22.8 22.8 0.0

Professional and business services

21,456 19,396 19,844 20,024 21,337 19,414 19,732 19,902 170

Professional and technical services

9,590.6 9,137.1 9,250.8 9,312.0 9,566.7 9,210.0 9,284.1 9,298.8 14.7

Legal services

1,159.3 1,095.5 1,115.6 1,116.0 1,149.1 1,098.4 1,105.7 1,107.6 1.9

Accounting and bookkeeping services

980.8 945.9 946.1 950.4 1,033.0 1,000.0 1,014.6 1,015.5 0.9

Architectural and engineering services

1,539.9 1,459.7 1,487.9 1,495.7 1,515.7 1,461.1 1,470.0 1,470.0 0.0

Specialized design services

143.3 125.5 131.9 131.8 143.7 125.3 131.4 131.9 0.5

Computer systems design and related services

2,229.9 2,161.5 2,155.5 2,176.7 2,212.2 2,166.4 2,159.2 2,152.2 -7.0

Management and technical consulting services

1,537.3 1,474.0 1,491.9 1,502.4 1,531.3 1,480.1 1,491.4 1,496.2 4.8

Scientific research and development services

741.1 728.3 742.8 749.5 729.9 729.4 736.2 740.3 4.1

Advertising and related services

495.3 449.3 454.1 446.8 492.4 449.7 452.1 443.9 -8.2

Other professional and technical services

763.7 697.4 725.0 742.7 759.5 699.6 723.5 741.2 17.7

Management of companies and enterprises

2,447.6 2,335.9 2,360.9 2,350.1 2,428.8 2,339.2 2,344.2 2,332.0 -12.2

Administrative and waste services

9,417.8 7,922.8 8,232.3 8,361.9 9,341.7 7,864.7 8,104.0 8,271.1 167.1

Administrative and support services

8,955.8 7,469.0 7,774.9 7,902.6 8,887.7 7,412.0 7,652.4 7,820.5 168.1

Office administrative services

530.5 495.2 497.5 507.1 528.3 494.5 493.9 505.8 11.9

Facilities support services

164.7 150.9 155.1 158.6 165.0 151.5 155.9 159.4 3.5

Employment services(1)

3,572.9 2,676.2 2,847.4 2,959.9 3,626.5 2,691.5 2,847.5 2,996.9 149.4

Temporary help services

2,883.1 2,080.8 2,234.7 2,336.7 2,938.1 2,094.8 2,238.6 2,382.3 143.7

Business support services

868.4 737.0 748.8 753.2 881.7 747.0 761.1 762.7 1.6

Travel arrangement and reservation services

221.7 169.4 165.3 162.2 218.5 168.1 162.4 159.7 -2.7

Investigation and security services

957.9 889.2 903.4 897.6 957.1 888.5 903.4 899.2 -4.2

Services to buildings and dwellings

2,300.9 2,059.3 2,153.6 2,174.1 2,173.0 1,980.0 2,030.2 2,045.7 15.5

Other support services

338.8 291.8 303.8 289.9 337.6 290.9 298.0 291.1 -6.9

Waste management and remediation services

462.0 453.8 457.4 459.3 454.0 452.7 451.6 450.6 -1.0

Education and health services

23,863 22,231 22,556 22,641 24,204 22,193 22,760 22,975 215

Educational services

3,464.0 3,375.0 3,240.7 3,166.5 3,777.8 3,345.7 3,450.1 3,473.6 23.5

Health care and social assistance

20,399.3 18,856.0 19,314.8 19,474.4 20,425.9 18,847.1 19,310.0 19,501.4 191.4

Health care(3)

16,300.3 15,211.5 15,598.7 15,734.0 16,282.1 15,233.6 15,585.2 15,710.7 125.5

Ambulatory health care services

7,704.5 6,912.4 7,284.8 7,412.7 7,704.4 6,911.5 7,279.3 7,405.5 126.2

Offices of physicians

2,675.4 2,488.1 2,563.2 2,590.5 2,673.3 2,490.5 2,564.3 2,590.2 25.9

Offices of dentists

970.2 675.7 867.7 911.5 970.0 675.8 865.6 910.4 44.8

Offices of other health practitioners

970.7 818.4 868.4 891.2 970.9 816.9 866.2 888.4 22.2

Outpatient care centers

963.6 910.7 932.4 940.7 963.5 911.0 933.5 941.2 7.7

Medical and diagnostic laboratories

283.4 258.0 268.2 276.6 282.9 259.1 267.9 275.8 7.9

Home health care services

1,527.4 1,466.6 1,484.0 1,500.0 1,530.3 1,464.0 1,482.1 1,497.7 15.6

Other ambulatory health care services

313.8 294.9 300.9 302.2 313.5 294.2 299.7 301.8 2.1

Hospitals

5,198.6 5,086.8 5,108.2 5,136.6 5,194.6 5,104.5 5,106.6 5,134.0 27.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

3,397.2 3,212.3 3,205.7 3,184.7 3,383.1 3,217.6 3,199.3 3,171.2 -28.1

Nursing care facilities

1,605.3 1,505.8 1,495.3 1,480.3 1,600.4 1,509.5 1,494.1 1,476.6 -17.5

Residential mental health facilities

652.3 614.9 616.7 622.1 649.1 615.3 614.3 618.0 3.7

Community care facilities for the elderly

973.5 932.3 933.2 921.3 969.2 932.8 931.7 917.1 -14.6

Other residential care facilities

166.1 159.3 160.5 161.0 164.3 160.0 159.2 159.5 0.3

Social assistance

4,099.0 3,644.5 3,716.1 3,740.4 4,143.8 3,613.5 3,724.8 3,790.7 65.9

Individual and family services

2,620.7 2,481.4 2,500.3 2,514.5 2,613.4 2,472.7 2,496.8 2,509.2 12.4

Emergency and other relief services

184.8 177.1 179.7 184.4 184.6 177.9 179.2 185.2 6.0

Vocational rehabilitation services

326.8 263.2 274.6 279.4 321.3 263.4 272.1 274.5 2.4

Child day care services

966.7 722.8 761.5 762.1 1,024.6 699.5 776.7 821.8 45.1

Leisure and hospitality

17,289 10,109 12,440 13,111 16,528 9,954 11,935 12,527 592

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2,782.1 1,232.0 1,660.6 1,806.9 2,418.3 1,196.8 1,482.7 1,569.8 87.1

Performing arts and spectator sports

542.3 274.5 283.5 269.3 514.2 258.2 266.5 253.7 -12.8

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

189.7 125.6 136.3 139.4 171.5 122.0 125.2 125.5 0.3

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

2,050.1 831.9 1,240.8 1,398.2 1,732.6 816.6 1,091.0 1,190.6 99.6

Accommodation and food services

14,506.8 8,876.6 10,779.0 11,304.5 14,109.8 8,757.0 10,452.2 10,957.0 504.8

Accommodation

2,233.3 1,071.5 1,395.4 1,442.5 2,074.2 1,068.7 1,287.4 1,290.2 2.8

Food services and drinking places

12,273.5 7,805.1 9,383.6 9,862.0 12,035.6 7,688.3 9,164.8 9,666.8 502.0

Other services

5,979 4,835 5,229 5,382 5,905 4,816 5,165 5,314 149

Repair and maintenance

1,364.8 1,222.0 1,281.2 1,290.7 1,357.6 1,212.9 1,273.2 1,283.7 10.5

Personal and laundry services

1,535.5 849.9 1,105.1 1,220.7 1,525.6 841.4 1,093.3 1,211.9 118.6

Membership associations and organizations

3,079.0 2,763.5 2,842.9 2,870.9 3,021.6 2,761.3 2,798.3 2,818.1 19.8

Government

21,304 21,566 21,197 20,337 22,587 21,265 21,319 21,620 301

Federal

2,848.0 2,884 2,904 2,931 2,831.0 2,885 2,885 2,912 27

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,241.2 2,282.8 2,300.0 2,337.8 2,223.7 2,282.8 2,282.4 2,314.2 31.8

U.S. Postal Service

607.1 601.0 603.5 593.6 607.4 602.0 602.9 597.5 -5.4

State government

4,835.0 4,943 4,698 4,669 5,168.0 4,956 4,966 4,999 33

State government education

2,127.7 2,250.0 1,990.6 1,958.7 2,477.6 2,261.3 2,274.0 2,303.8 29.8

State government, excluding education

2,706.9 2,692.7 2,707.4 2,710.5 2,690.2 2,694.3 2,691.7 2,695.5 3.8

Local government

13,621.0 13,739 13,595 12,737 14,588.0 13,424 13,468 13,709 241

Local government education

6,792.2 7,615.2 7,314.2 6,385.9 8,006.4 7,308.0 7,372.2 7,587.3 215.1

Local government, excluding education

6,828.9 6,123.3 6,280.6 6,351.5 6,581.3 6,115.9 6,095.8 6,121.5 25.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.3 34.7 34.6 34.5

Goods-producing

40.1 38.9 39.1 39.5

Mining and logging

46.2 42.9 43.4 43.8

Construction

39.1 38.9 38.9 38.9

Manufacturing

40.4 38.7 39.0 39.7

Durable goods

40.9 38.7 39.0 39.9

Nondurable goods

39.6 38.7 39.0 39.2

Private service-providing

33.2 33.8 33.6 33.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.1 34.3 34.3 34.0

Wholesale trade

38.8 38.0 38.2 38.4

Retail trade

30.6 31.2 31.2 30.5

Transportation and warehousing

38.2 37.8 38.1 38.3

Utilities

42.0 42.3 42.4 42.5

Information

36.2 36.5 36.4 36.3

Financial activities

37.5 37.7 37.5 37.6

Professional and business services

36.1 36.4 36.3 36.3

Education and health services

33.0 32.9 33.1 33.4

Leisure and hospitality

25.8 25.9 25.7 25.3

Other services

31.9 32.7 32.4 32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.3 2.4 2.5 2.8

Durable goods

3.3 2.0 2.2 2.5

Nondurable goods

3.3 3.0 3.0 3.2

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)

Total private

$28.05 $29.70 $29.32 $29.39 $962.12 $1,030.59 $1,014.47 $1,013.96

Goods-producing

29.05 30.15 29.94 30.07 1,164.91 1,172.84 1,170.65 1,187.77

Mining and logging

34.11 35.26 35.20 35.14 1,575.88 1,512.65 1,527.68 1,539.13

Construction

30.75 31.49 31.62 31.73 1,202.33 1,224.96 1,230.02 1,234.30

Manufacturing

27.75 29.03 28.64 28.81 1,121.10 1,123.46 1,116.96 1,143.76

Durable goods

29.19 30.50 30.00 30.22 1,193.87 1,180.35 1,170.00 1,205.78

Nondurable goods

25.25 26.63 26.35 26.43 999.90 1,030.58 1,027.65 1,036.06

Private service-providing

27.81 29.60 29.18 29.22 923.29 1,000.48 980.45 978.87

Trade, transportation, and utilities

24.28 25.36 25.06 25.34 827.95 869.85 859.56 861.56

Wholesale trade

31.39 32.49 32.30 32.46 1,217.93 1,234.62 1,233.86 1,246.46

Retail trade

19.73 20.74 20.60 20.99 603.74 647.09 642.72 640.20

Transportation and warehousing

24.95 25.69 25.28 25.40 953.09 971.08 963.17 972.82

Utilities

41.54 43.04 43.33 43.42 1,744.68 1,820.59 1,837.19 1,845.35

Information

42.26 43.61 43.39 44.12 1,529.81 1,591.77 1,579.40 1,601.56

Financial activities

35.93 37.59 37.80 37.80 1,347.38 1,417.14 1,417.50 1,421.28

Professional and business services

33.75 35.40 35.16 35.10 1,218.38 1,288.56 1,276.31 1,274.13

Education and health services

27.64 28.40 28.39 28.45 912.12 934.36 939.71 950.23

Leisure and hospitality

16.59 17.42 17.00 16.86 428.02 451.18 436.90 426.56

Other services

25.21 27.23 26.66 26.58 804.20 890.42 863.78 855.88

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)
Percent change from:
June
2020 - July
2020(p)
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)
Percent change from:
June
2020 - July
2020(p)

Total private

110.5 97.4 101.2 102.2 1.0 148.2 138.2 141.8 143.6 1.3

Goods-producing

96.3 85.9 88.6 89.7 1.2 126.5 117.0 119.9 121.9 1.7

Mining and logging

106.8 85.3 85.6 85.5 -0.1 146.3 120.8 121.0 120.6 -0.3

Construction

101.1 94.0 96.2 96.5 0.3 135.1 128.7 132.2 133.0 0.6

Manufacturing

93.4 81.7 84.8 86.5 2.0 120.5 110.2 112.9 115.9 2.7

Durable goods

92.9 79.2 83.0 85.1 2.5 120.4 107.3 110.6 114.2 3.3

Nondurable goods

94.4 86.2 88.1 88.8 0.8 121.0 116.4 117.8 119.1 1.1

Private service-providing

114.7 100.5 104.5 105.7 1.1 155.0 144.6 148.2 150.2 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

103.0 93.0 96.7 96.9 0.2 134.9 127.2 130.7 132.4 1.3

Wholesale trade

101.1 93.2 94.8 95.2 0.4 132.7 126.7 128.0 129.2 0.9

Retail trade

97.0 86.6 91.9 91.4 -0.5 126.5 118.7 125.1 126.8 1.4

Transportation and warehousing

123.4 110.4 113.2 114.6 1.2 156.6 144.3 145.6 148.1 1.7

Utilities

99.9 99.0 98.6 98.9 0.3 137.1 140.7 141.2 141.9 0.5

Information

94.6 85.6 85.7 85.0 -0.8 142.4 133.0 132.5 133.5 0.8

Financial activities

107.5 106.0 105.8 106.3 0.5 150.7 155.5 155.9 156.7 0.5

Professional and business services

120.8 110.8 112.3 113.3 0.9 165.0 158.8 159.9 161.0 0.7

Education and health services

130.4 119.2 123.0 125.3 1.9 173.4 162.9 168.0 171.5 2.1

Leisure and hospitality

121.7 73.6 87.5 90.4 3.3 162.8 103.4 120.0 123.0 2.5

Other services

108.6 90.8 96.5 98.7 2.3 150.1 135.5 141.0 143.7 1.9

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)

Total nonfarm

75,319 65,388 68,250 69,389 49.9 49.2 49.5 49.7

Total private

62,275 53,186 55,997 56,911 48.5 47.6 48.1 48.2

Goods-producing

4,723 4,333 4,483 4,497 22.4 22.4 22.5 22.6

Mining and logging

97 94 93 93 13.2 14.8 14.8 15.0

Construction

975 933 952 953 13.0 13.3 13.3 13.2

Manufacturing

3,651 3,306 3,438 3,451 28.4 28.2 28.4 28.5

Durable goods

1,944 1,741 1,833 1,840 24.1 24.0 24.2 24.3

Nondurable goods

1,707 1,565 1,605 1,611 35.7 35.1 35.5 35.5

Private service-providing

57,552 48,853 51,514 52,414 53.6 52.9 53.3 53.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

11,088 9,517 10,075 10,241 40.0 38.3 39.0 39.2

Wholesale trade

1,777.9 1,645.4 1,674.5 1,680.5 30.1 29.6 29.8 29.9

Retail trade

7,741.0 6,512.5 7,017.4 7,174.5 49.6 47.6 48.4 48.6

Transportation and warehousing

1,436.5 1,227.0 1,251.5 1,253.0 25.6 24.1 24.2 24.1

Utilities

132.5 132.5 131.7 132.6 24.1 24.5 24.5 24.7

Information

1,138 1,024 1,037 1,022 39.8 39.9 40.2 39.9

Financial activities

4,958 4,852 4,863 4,872 56.6 56.5 56.5 56.5

Professional and business services

9,725 8,796 8,977 9,103 45.6 45.3 45.5 45.7

Education and health services

18,709 17,039 17,546 17,706 77.3 76.8 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality

8,781 5,194 6,332 6,678 53.1 52.2 53.1 53.3

Other services

3,153 2,431 2,684 2,792 53.4 50.5 52.0 52.5

Government

13,044 12,202 12,253 12,478 57.8 57.4 57.5 57.7

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)

Total private

105,604 90,081 94,378 95,748

Goods-producing

15,093 13,609 14,115 14,135

Mining and logging

540 442 438 428

Construction

5,586 5,158 5,291 5,291

Manufacturing

8,967 8,009 8,386 8,416

Durable goods

5,549 4,806 5,131 5,149

Nondurable goods

3,418 3,203 3,255 3,267

Private service-providing

90,511 76,472 80,263 81,613

Trade, transportation, and utilities

23,432 20,852 21,730 21,961

Wholesale trade

4,738.1 4,410.6 4,458.7 4,459.2

Retail trade

13,332.0 11,624.0 12,370.0 12,569.6

Transportation and warehousing

4,921.1 4,385.7 4,474.7 4,502.6

Utilities

440.7 431.9 426.4 429.1

Information

2,306 2,028 2,033 2,040

Financial activities

6,768 6,562 6,572 6,582

Professional and business services

17,343 15,446 15,718 15,896

Education and health services

21,261 19,389 19,867 20,084

Leisure and hospitality

14,515 8,319 10,159 10,738

Other services

4,886 3,876 4,184 4,312

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.5 34.1 34.0 34.0

Goods-producing

41.0 39.5 39.8 40.2

Mining and logging

47.2 43.7 44.1 44.2

Construction

39.6 39.4 39.4 39.4

Manufacturing

41.5 39.4 39.8 40.6

Durable goods

41.8 39.4 39.7 40.8

Nondurable goods

40.9 39.4 39.9 40.1

Private service-providing

32.3 33.1 33.0 32.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

33.7 34.2 34.1 34.1

Wholesale trade

38.6 37.6 37.9 38.1

Retail trade

30.2 31.3 31.0 30.9

Transportation and warehousing

37.7 37.9 38.1 38.5

Utilities

42.0 41.9 42.3 42.6

Information

35.1 35.9 36.1 36.0

Financial activities

36.8 37.0 36.9 37.0

Professional and business services

35.4 35.8 35.8 35.8

Education and health services

32.1 32.1 32.6 32.7

Leisure and hospitality

24.6 24.3 24.2 24.0

Other services

30.8 31.8 31.7 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

4.2 3.1 3.2 3.6

Durable goods

4.2 2.9 3.0 3.5

Nondurable goods

4.1 3.5 3.6 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)

Total private

$23.54 $24.97 $24.74 $24.63 $788.59 $851.48 $841.16 $837.42

Goods-producing

24.74 25.39 25.40 25.48 1,014.34 1,002.91 1,010.92 1,024.30

Mining and logging

29.80 30.72 30.72 30.62 1,406.56 1,342.46 1,354.75 1,353.40

Construction

28.45 28.97 29.31 29.29 1,126.62 1,141.42 1,154.81 1,154.03

Manufacturing

22.19 22.75 22.65 22.87 920.89 896.35 901.47 928.52

Durable goods

23.09 23.61 23.52 23.82 965.16 930.23 933.74 971.86

Nondurable goods

20.68 21.46 21.29 21.33 845.81 845.52 849.47 855.33

Private service-providing

23.29 24.89 24.60 24.45 752.27 823.86 811.80 804.41

Trade, transportation, and utilities

20.68 21.66 21.62 21.26 696.92 740.77 737.24 724.97

Wholesale trade

26.05 26.96 26.84 26.82 1,005.53 1,013.70 1,017.24 1,021.84

Retail trade

16.64 17.87 18.08 17.47 502.53 559.33 560.48 539.82

Transportation and warehousing

22.55 22.91 22.64 22.48 850.14 868.29 862.58 865.48

Utilities

36.75 37.82 38.51 38.51 1,543.50 1,584.66 1,628.97 1,640.53

Information

33.84 35.46 35.75 35.99 1,187.78 1,273.01 1,290.58 1,295.64

Financial activities

27.71 29.09 29.03 29.18 1,019.73 1,076.33 1,071.21 1,079.66

Professional and business services

27.84 29.58 29.28 29.23 985.54 1,058.96 1,048.22 1,046.43

Education and health services

24.39 25.29 25.26 25.24 782.92 811.81 823.48 825.35

Leisure and hospitality

14.49 14.51 14.53 14.50 356.45 352.59 351.63 348.00

Other services

21.37 22.95 22.52 22.43 658.20 729.81 713.88 702.06

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)
Percent change from:
June
2020 - July
2020(p)
July
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
July
2020(p)
Percent change from:
June
2020 - July
2020(p)

Total private

117.9 102.4 106.9 108.5 1.5 185.5 170.8 176.8 178.6 1.0

Goods-producing

94.6 82.1 85.8 86.8 1.2 143.3 127.7 133.5 135.5 1.5

Mining and logging

135.4 102.6 102.6 100.5 -2.0 234.7 183.4 183.4 179.0 -2.4

Construction

110.8 101.8 104.4 104.4 0.0 170.1 159.2 165.2 165.1 -0.1

Manufacturing

85.4 72.4 76.6 78.4 2.3 124.0 107.8 113.5 117.3 3.3

Durable goods

87.2 71.2 76.5 78.9 3.1 125.6 104.9 112.4 117.4 4.4

Nondurable goods

82.4 74.4 76.5 77.2 0.9 120.4 112.8 115.1 116.3 1.0

Private service-providing

124.6 107.8 112.9 114.4 1.3 199.0 184.1 190.4 191.9 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

110.4 99.7 103.6 104.7 1.1 163.2 154.4 160.1 159.1 -0.6

Wholesale trade

108.5 98.4 100.3 100.8 0.5 166.9 156.6 158.9 159.6 0.4

Retail trade

101.9 92.1 97.0 98.3 1.3 145.3 141.0 150.3 147.1 -2.1

Transportation and warehousing

140.4 125.8 129.0 131.2 1.7 201.5 183.4 185.9 187.7 1.0

Utilities

94.7 92.5 92.2 93.5 1.4 145.2 146.1 148.3 150.3 1.3

Information

92.4 83.1 83.8 83.8 0.0 154.8 145.9 148.2 149.3 0.7

Financial activities

117.2 114.3 114.1 114.6 0.4 199.8 204.5 203.8 205.8 1.0

Professional and business services

137.3 123.6 125.8 127.2 1.1 227.3 217.5 219.1 221.2 1.0

Education and health services

145.5 132.7 138.1 140.0 1.4 234.3 221.5 230.2 233.3 1.3

Leisure and hospitality

130.8 74.0 90.1 94.4 4.8 215.2 122.0 148.6 155.4 4.6

Other services

105.5 86.4 93.0 94.7 1.8 164.3 144.5 152.6 154.7 1.4

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Last Modified Date: September 23, 2020