Employment Situation News Release

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	       USDL-20-1503
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, August 7, 2020

Technical information: 
 Household data:      cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	      (202) 691-5902   *  PressOffice@bls.gov

(NOTE: BLS reissued this news release on September 23, 2020, to address minor data
errors associated with the introduction in January 2020 of a new occupation 
classification system. The corrections affected a limited number of data series
presented in tables A-8, A-9, A-13, and A-14 of this release; for the vast majority
of these series, the impact was negligible. Most major series, including the official
unemployment rate, were not affected. Estimates in the BLS online database were
corrected for January�July 2020. For more information on these corrections, see 
www.bls.gov/bls/errata/revision-to-current-population-survey-estimates-for-January-
through-July-2020.htm.)


                        THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JULY 2020


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 1.8 million in July, and the unemployment
rate fell to 10.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These
improvements in the labor market reflected the continued resumption of economic
activity that had been curtailed due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and
efforts to contain it. In July, notable job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality,
government, retail trade, professional and business services, other services, and 
health care.
 
This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics.
The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry.
For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two
surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In July, the unemployment rate declined by 0.9 percentage point to 10.2 percent, and
the number of unemployed persons fell by 1.4 million to 16.3 million. Despite declines
over the past 3 months, these measures are up by 6.7 percentage points and 10.6 million,
respectively, since February. (See table A-1. For more information about how the
household survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the
box note at the end of this news release.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in July for adult men
(9.4 percent), adult women (10.5 percent), teenagers (19.3 percent), Whites (9.2 percent),
Asians (12.0 percent), and Hispanics (12.9 percent). The jobless rate for Blacks (14.6
percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of unemployed persons who were on temporary layoff decreased by 1.3 million
in July to 9.2 million, about half its April level. In July, the number of permanent
job losers and the number of unemployed reentrants to the labor force were virtually
unchanged over the month, at 2.9 million and 2.4 million, respectively. (Reentrants
are persons who previously worked but were not in the labor force prior to beginning
their job search.) (See table A-11.)

Among the unemployed, those who were jobless less than 5 weeks increased by 364,000 to
3.2 million in July, and the number of persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks rose by 4.6 million
to 6.5 million. By contrast, the number of unemployed persons who were jobless 5 to 14
weeks fell by 6.3 million to 5.2 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those
jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.5 million, was little changed over the month. (See
table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 61.4 percent, changed little in July, following
increases in May and June. Total employment, as measured by the household survey, rose
by 1.4 million in July to 143.5 million. The employment-population ratio rose by 0.5
percentage point to 55.1 percent but remains lower than in February (61.1 percent).
(See table A-1.)

In July, the number of persons who usually work part time rose by 803,000 to 24.0 million,
while the number who usually work full time, at 119.5 million, was little changed. (See
table A-9.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to
as involuntary part-time workers) declined by 619,000 to 8.4 million in July, reflecting
a decline in the number of people whose hours were cut due to slack work or business
conditions (-658,000). The number of involuntary part-time workers is 4.1 million higher
than in February. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were
working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-
time jobs. This group includes persons who usually work full time and persons who usually
work part time. (See table A-8.)

In July, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined
by 463,000 to 7.7 million; this measure is 2.8 million higher than in February. These
individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for
work during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, persons marginally attached
to the labor force fell by 492,000 to 2.0 million in July. These individuals were not
in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime
in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were
available for them, numbered 665,000 in July, essentially unchanged from the previous month.
(See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 1.8 million in July, less than the increases of
4.8 million in June and 2.7 million in May. In July, nonfarm employment was lower than
its February level by 12.9 million, or 8.4 percent. The largest employment increases in
July occurred in leisure and hospitality, government, retail trade, professional and
business services, other services, and health care. (See table B-1. For more information
about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus
pandemic, see the box note at the end of this news release.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 592,000, accounting for about one-third
of the gain in total nonfarm employment in July. Employment in food services and drinking
places rose by 502,000, following gains of 2.9 million in May and June combined. Despite
the gains over the last 3 months, employment in food services and drinking places is down
by 2.6 million since February. Over the month, employment also rose in amusements,
gambling, and recreation (+100,000). 

Government employment rose by 301,000 in July but is 1.1 million below its February level.
Typically, public-sector education employment declines in July (before seasonal adjustment).
However, employment declines occurred earlier than usual this year due to the pandemic,
resulting in unusually large July increases in local government education (+215,000) and
state government education (+30,000) after seasonal adjustment. A July job gain in federal
government (+27,000) reflected the hiring of temporary workers for the 2020 Census. 

In July, retail trade added 258,000 jobs. Employment in the industry is 913,000 lower than
in February. In July, nearly half of the job gain in retail trade occurred in clothing and
clothing accessories stores (+121,000). By contrast, the component of general merchandise
stores that includes warehouse clubs and supercenters lost jobs (-64,000). 

Employment in professional and business services increased in July (+170,000) but remains
1.6 million below its February level. The majority of July's gain occurred in temporary
help services (+144,000). 

In July, the other services industry added 149,000 jobs, with most of the increase occurring
in personal and laundry services (+119,000). Since February, employment in other services is
down by 627,000.

In July, health care added 126,000 jobs, with employment growth in offices of dentists
(+45,000), hospitals (+27,000), offices of physicians (+26,000), and home health care services
(+16,000). Job losses continued in nursing and residential care facilities (-28,000).
Employment in health care is down by 797,000 since February.

In July, employment in social assistance increased by 66,000, with child day care services
accounting for most of the gain (+45,000). Employment in social assistance is 460,000 lower
than in February. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 38,000 in July, following an increase
of 87,000 in June. Despite job gains over the past 2 months, employment in the industry is
down by 470,000 since a recent peak in January. In July, employment rose in transit and
ground passenger transportation (+20,000), air transportation (+16,000), and couriers and
messengers (+9,000). 

Manufacturing employment increased by 26,000 in July. An employment gain in motor vehicles
and parts (+39,000) was partially offset by losses in fabricated metal products (-11,000),
machinery (-7,000), and computer and electronic products (-6,000). Although manufacturing
has added 623,000 jobs over the past 3 months, employment is 740,000 lower than in February.

Financial activities added 21,000 jobs in July, with most of the gain in real estate and
rental and leasing (+15,000). Since February, employment in financial activities is down
by 216,000.

In July, construction employment changed little (+20,000), following job gains of 619,000
in May and June combined. However, employment in the industry remains 444,000 below its 
February level. 

Mining continued to shed jobs in July (-7,000), reflecting a loss in support activities
for mining (-11,000). Mining has lost 127,000 jobs since a recent peak in January 2019,
although nearly three-fourths of this decline has occurred since February 2020.

In July, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by
7 cents to $29.39, following large changes in recent months. Average hourly earnings of
private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees decreased by 11 cents to $24.63
in July. The large employment fluctuations--especially in lower-paid industries--over the
past several months complicate the analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings.
(See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour
to 34.5 hours in July. In manufacturing, the workweek rose by 0.7 hour to 39.7 hours,
and overtime increased by 0.3 hour to 2.8 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.0 hours. (See
tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for May was revised up by 26,000, from
+2,699,000 to +2,725,000, and the change for June was revised down by 9,000, from
+4,800,000 to +4,791,000. With these revisions, employment in May and June combined
was 17,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional
reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) 

_____________
The Employment Situation for August is scheduled to be released on
Friday, September 4, 2020, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 __________________________________________________________________________________
|										   |
|        Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on July 2020 Establishment 		   |
|                       and Household Survey Data				   |
|										   |
| Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19)	   |
| pandemic. In the establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the		   |
| establishments are assigned to four regional data collection centers for	   |
| collection. Although these centers were closed, interviewers at these centers	   |
| worked remotely to collect data by telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged	   |
| businesses to report electronically. The collection rate for the establishment   |
| survey--which had a longer-than-average collection period in July--was 78	   |
| percent, higher than the average for the 12 months ending in February 2020.	   |
| The household survey is generally conducted through in-person and telephone	   |
| interviews. However, for the safety of both interviewers and respondents, the	   |
| vast majority of interviews were done by telephone, with in-person interviews	   |
| conducted on an extremely limited basis in some areas of the country. The	   |
| household survey response rate was 67 percent, up from the rate of 65 percent	   |
| in June but much lower than the average rate of 83 percent for the 12 months	   |
| prior to the pandemic.							   |
|										   |
| In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all	   |
| or any part of the pay period including the 12th of the month are counted as	   |
| employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. Workers who are	   |
| temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are	   |
| not counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits.	   |
|										   |
| In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed,	   |
| or not in the labor force based on their answers to a series of questions	   |
| about their activities during the survey reference week (July 12th through	   |
| July 18th). Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire	   |
| survey reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be 	   |
| classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. As in recent months, a large	   |
| number of persons were classified as unemployed on temporary layoff in July.	   |
|										   |
| Since March, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify	   |
| employed persons absent from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related	   |
| business closures or cutbacks as unemployed on temporary layoff. BLS and	   |
| Census Bureau analyses of the underlying data suggest that this group still	   |
| may include some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been	   |
| classified as unemployed on temporary layoff.					   |
|										   |
| The share of responses that may have been misclassified was much smaller in	   |
| June and July than in prior months. 						   |
|										   |
| For March through June, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment	   |
| rate would have been had misclassified workers been included. Repeating this	   |
| same approach, the overall July unemployment rate would have been about 1	   |
| percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents the upper	   |
| bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size	   |
| of the misclassification error.						   |
|										   |
| According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted	   |
| as recorded. To maintain data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to	   |
| reclassify survey responses.							   |
|										   |
| More information is available at						   |
| www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-july-2020.htm.		   |
|__________________________________________________________________________________|

 __________________________________________________________________________________  
|										   |
|     2020 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data 		   |
|                       to be released on August 19, 2020			   |
|										   |
| Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive   |
| counts of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)	   |
| for the month of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment	   |
| insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to file. On	   |
| August 19, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (ET), BLS will release the preliminary estimate   |
| of the upcoming annual benchmark revision. This is the same day that the first-  |
| quarter 2020 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions for  |
| all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private           |
| employment, will be available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.	   |
|										   |
| The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January  |
| 2021 Employment Situation news release in February 2021.			   |
|__________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Change from: June 2020- July 2020
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	259,225	260,047	260,204	260,373	169
Civilian labor force	163,373	158,227	159,932	159,870	-62
Participation rate	63.0	60.8	61.5	61.4	-0.1
Employed	157,346	137,242	142,182	143,532	1,350
Employment-population ratio	60.7	52.8	54.6	55.1	0.5
Unemployed	6,027	20,985	17,750	16,338	-1,412
Unemployment rate	3.7	13.3	11.1	10.2	-0.9
Not in labor force	95,852	101,820	100,273	100,503	230

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.7	13.3	11.1	10.2	-0.9
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.3	11.6	10.2	9.4	-0.8
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.3	13.9	11.2	10.5	-0.7
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.7	29.9	23.2	19.3	-3.9
White	3.3	12.4	10.1	9.2	-0.9
Black or African American	5.9	16.8	15.4	14.6	-0.8
Asian	2.8	15.0	13.8	12.0	-1.8
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.5	17.6	14.5	12.9	-1.6

Total, 25 years and over	3.0	11.6	9.7	9.1	-0.6
Less than a high school diploma	5.2	19.9	16.6	15.4	-1.2
High school graduates, no college	3.6	15.3	12.1	10.8	-1.3
Some college or associate degree	3.2	13.3	10.9	10.0	-0.9
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.1	7.4	6.9	6.7	-0.2

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,796	18,291	14,272	12,924	-1,348
Job leavers	832	554	565	571	6
Reentrants	1,794	1,645	2,356	2,358	2
New entrants	597	536	563	513	-50

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,222	3,875	2,838	3,202	364
5 to 14 weeks	1,795	14,814	11,496	5,169	-6,327
15 to 26 weeks	909	1,078	1,903	6,484	4,581
27 weeks and over	1,170	1,164	1,391	1,501	110

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	3,973	10,633	9,062	8,443	-619
Slack work or business conditions	2,392	9,543	7,939	7,281	-658
Could only find part-time work	1,357	843	942	1,048	106
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,448	14,394	17,137	17,792	655

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,436	2,394	2,471	1,979	-492
Discouraged workers	342	662	681	665	-16
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	194	2,725	4,791	1,763
Total private	160	3,236	4,737	1,462
Goods-producing	9	676	515	39
Mining and logging	-5	-20	-5	-7
Construction	7	456	163	20
Manufacturing	7	240	357	26
Durable goods(1)	3	143	290	15
Motor vehicles and parts	-3.3	39.1	210.8	39.3
Nondurable goods	4	97	67	11
Private service-providing	151	2,560	4,222	1,423
Wholesale trade	7.3	23.4	63.0	-5.3
Retail trade	1.0	385.9	826.9	258.3
Transportation and warehousing	-0.5	-25.1	87.0	37.9
Utilities	-0.9	-1.6	-3.2	0.3
Information	-3	-40	10	-15
Financial activities	21	19	23	21
Professional and business services(1)	43	160	318	170
Temporary help services	-4.6	46.9	143.8	143.7
Education and health services(1)	73	388	567	215
Health care and social assistance	45.9	359.4	462.9	191.4
Leisure and hospitality	2	1,405	1,981	592
Other services	9	245	349	149
Government	34	-511	54	301

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	154	-6,478	-4,424	3,093
Total private	142	-5,985	-3,954	3,145

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.2	49.5	49.7
Total private women employees	48.5	47.6	48.1	48.2
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.3	80.6	81.0	81.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.3	34.7	34.6	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$28.05	$29.70	$29.32	$29.39
Average weekly earnings	$962.12	$1,030.59	$1,014.47	$1,013.96
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	110.5	97.4	101.2	102.2
Over-the-month percent change	-0.2	4.5	3.9	1.0
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	148.2	138.2	141.8	143.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.1	3.3	2.6	1.3

DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	59.1	63.2	75.0	61.4
Manufacturing (76 industries)	53.3	69.7	77.0	43.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on
payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
businesses-pay-workers.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	259,225	260,204	260,373	259,225	259,758	259,896	260,047	260,204	260,373
Civilian labor force	164,941	160,883	161,374	163,373	162,913	156,481	158,227	159,932	159,870
Participation rate	63.6	61.8	62.0	63.0	62.7	60.2	60.8	61.5	61.4
Employed	158,385	142,811	144,492	157,346	155,772	133,403	137,242	142,182	143,532
Employment-population ratio	61.1	54.9	55.5	60.7	60.0	51.3	52.8	54.6	55.1
Unemployed	6,556	18,072	16,882	6,027	7,140	23,078	20,985	17,750	16,338
Unemployment rate	4.0	11.2	10.5	3.7	4.4	14.7	13.3	11.1	10.2
Not in labor force	94,284	99,321	98,998	95,852	96,845	103,415	101,820	100,273	100,503
Persons who currently want a job	5,289	8,633	8,003	5,016	5,509	9,916	8,962	8,195	7,732

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,378	125,860	125,944	125,378	125,639	125,707	125,782	125,860	125,944
Civilian labor force	88,025	85,429	85,685	86,793	86,123	83,139	83,900	84,596	84,533
Participation rate	70.2	67.9	68.0	69.2	68.5	66.1	66.7	67.2	67.1
Employed	84,798	76,425	77,375	83,589	82,357	71,916	73,702	75,629	76,212
Employment-population ratio	67.6	60.7	61.4	66.7	65.6	57.2	58.6	60.1	60.5
Unemployed	3,227	9,004	8,310	3,204	3,765	11,223	10,199	8,967	8,321
Unemployment rate	3.7	10.5	9.7	3.7	4.4	13.5	12.2	10.6	9.8
Not in labor force	37,353	40,431	40,258	38,585	39,516	42,569	41,881	41,264	41,411

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	116,939	117,492	117,580	116,939	117,254	117,330	117,410	117,492	117,580
Civilian labor force	84,284	82,203	82,353	83,771	83,176	80,461	81,057	81,995	81,904
Participation rate	72.1	70.0	70.0	71.6	70.9	68.6	69.0	69.8	69.7
Employed	81,561	74,002	74,756	80,975	79,832	69,977	71,672	73,641	74,184
Employment-population ratio	69.7	63.0	63.6	69.2	68.1	59.6	61.0	62.7	63.1
Unemployed	2,723	8,201	7,597	2,796	3,344	10,483	9,385	8,354	7,720
Unemployment rate	3.2	10.0	9.2	3.3	4.0	13.0	11.6	10.2	9.4
Not in labor force	32,655	35,289	35,227	33,168	34,078	36,870	36,352	35,497	35,676

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	133,847	134,344	134,429	133,847	134,119	134,189	134,265	134,344	134,429
Civilian labor force	76,916	75,454	75,689	76,580	76,790	73,343	74,327	75,336	75,337
Participation rate	57.5	56.2	56.3	57.2	57.3	54.7	55.4	56.1	56.0
Employed	73,587	66,386	67,117	73,757	73,415	61,487	63,540	66,552	67,320
Employment-population ratio	55.0	49.4	49.9	55.1	54.7	45.8	47.3	49.5	50.1
Unemployed	3,329	9,068	8,572	2,823	3,375	11,855	10,787	8,783	8,017
Unemployment rate	4.3	12.0	11.3	3.7	4.4	16.2	14.5	11.7	10.6
Not in labor force	56,931	58,890	58,740	57,267	57,329	60,847	59,938	59,009	59,092

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,604	126,155	126,243	125,604	125,915	125,991	126,072	126,155	126,243
Civilian labor force	73,269	72,214	72,404	73,585	73,840	70,913	71,558	72,580	72,720
Participation rate	58.3	57.2	57.4	58.6	58.6	56.3	56.8	57.5	57.6
Employed	70,415	63,925	64,384	71,120	70,886	59,947	61,638	64,426	65,113
Employment-population ratio	56.1	50.7	51.0	56.6	56.3	47.6	48.9	51.1	51.6
Unemployed	2,853	8,289	8,020	2,465	2,954	10,966	9,920	8,154	7,607
Unemployment rate	3.9	11.5	11.1	3.3	4.0	15.5	13.9	11.2	10.5
Not in labor force	52,336	53,940	53,839	52,019	52,075	55,079	54,514	53,575	53,523

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,682	16,557	16,550	16,682	16,590	16,574	16,566	16,557	16,550
Civilian labor force	7,389	6,466	6,618	6,017	5,897	5,108	5,612	5,356	5,245
Participation rate	44.3	39.1	40.0	36.1	35.5	30.8	33.9	32.3	31.7
Employed	6,409	4,884	5,353	5,250	5,054	3,479	3,932	4,114	4,235
Employment-population ratio	38.4	29.5	32.3	31.5	30.5	21.0	23.7	24.8	25.6
Unemployed	980	1,582	1,265	767	843	1,628	1,681	1,242	1,011
Unemployment rate	13.3	24.5	19.1	12.7	14.3	31.9	29.9	23.2	19.3
Not in labor force	9,293	10,092	9,932	10,665	10,693	11,467	10,953	11,201	11,304
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	200,843	201,233	201,319	200,843	201,023	201,082	201,154	201,233	201,319
Civilian labor force	127,549	124,744	124,664	126,398	126,021	121,242	122,661	124,009	123,618
Participation rate	63.5	62.0	61.9	62.9	62.7	60.3	61.0	61.6	61.4
Employed	122,968	112,020	112,913	122,213	121,042	104,065	107,499	111,538	112,226
Employment-population ratio	61.2	55.7	56.1	60.8	60.2	51.8	53.4	55.4	55.7
Unemployed	4,580	12,725	11,752	4,185	4,979	17,176	15,162	12,470	11,392
Unemployment rate	3.6	10.2	9.4	3.3	4.0	14.2	12.4	10.1	9.2
Not in labor force	73,294	76,488	76,655	74,445	75,002	79,840	78,493	77,224	77,701
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,301	64,888	64,672	65,988	65,522	63,645	64,125	64,688	64,420
Participation rate	72.1	70.3	70.1	71.7	71.1	69.1	69.5	70.1	69.8
Employed	64,399	59,214	59,432	64,007	63,120	55,776	57,263	58,898	59,054
Employment-population ratio	70.0	64.2	64.4	69.6	68.5	60.5	62.1	63.8	64.0
Unemployed	1,902	5,674	5,240	1,980	2,402	7,869	6,862	5,790	5,367
Unemployment rate	2.9	8.7	8.1	3.0	3.7	12.4	10.7	9.0	8.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,479	54,800	54,843	55,726	55,878	53,634	54,294	55,147	55,124
Participation rate	57.4	56.6	56.6	57.7	57.8	55.4	56.1	56.9	56.9
Employed	53,481	48,957	49,214	54,060	53,878	45,563	47,195	49,440	49,822
Employment-population ratio	55.4	50.6	50.8	56.0	55.7	47.1	48.8	51.1	51.4
Unemployed	1,998	5,843	5,629	1,666	2,000	8,071	7,099	5,707	5,302
Unemployment rate	3.6	10.7	10.3	3.0	3.6	15.0	13.1	10.3	9.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,768	5,056	5,150	4,684	4,621	3,963	4,242	4,174	4,074
Participation rate	47.1	41.6	42.4	38.3	38.0	32.6	34.9	34.4	33.6
Employed	5,088	3,848	4,266	4,145	4,043	2,727	3,041	3,201	3,350
Employment-population ratio	41.6	31.7	35.1	33.9	33.2	22.4	25.0	26.4	27.6
Unemployed	680	1,208	884	539	578	1,236	1,202	973	724
Unemployment rate	11.8	23.9	17.2	11.5	12.5	31.2	28.3	23.3	17.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,045	33,323	33,353	33,045	33,238	33,267	33,294	33,323	33,353
Civilian labor force	20,942	20,134	20,321	20,722	20,596	19,487	19,858	20,010	20,094
Participation rate	63.4	60.4	60.9	62.7	62.0	58.6	59.6	60.0	60.2
Employed	19,622	17,019	17,283	19,502	19,208	16,240	16,523	16,927	17,161
Employment-population ratio	59.4	51.1	51.8	59.0	57.8	48.8	49.6	50.8	51.5
Unemployed	1,319	3,115	3,038	1,220	1,387	3,247	3,334	3,083	2,933
Unemployment rate	6.3	15.5	15.0	5.9	6.7	16.7	16.8	15.4	14.6
Not in labor force	12,103	13,189	13,031	12,323	12,642	13,780	13,436	13,313	13,258
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,600	9,204	9,319	9,500	9,477	8,880	8,970	9,161	9,229
Participation rate	69.1	65.5	66.3	68.4	67.7	63.4	63.9	65.2	65.6
Employed	9,061	7,752	7,923	8,956	8,812	7,448	7,583	7,670	7,827
Employment-population ratio	65.3	55.2	56.4	64.5	63.0	53.2	54.1	54.6	55.7
Unemployed	540	1,453	1,396	543	665	1,432	1,388	1,492	1,402
Unemployment rate	5.6	15.8	15.0	5.7	7.0	16.1	15.5	16.3	15.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,388	10,082	10,136	10,431	10,374	9,995	10,097	10,113	10,156
Participation rate	62.2	59.8	60.0	62.5	61.7	59.4	59.9	60.0	60.2
Employed	9,800	8,661	8,702	9,893	9,830	8,351	8,426	8,693	8,785
Employment-population ratio	58.7	51.4	51.6	59.2	58.5	49.6	50.0	51.6	52.0
Unemployed	588	1,422	1,433	537	543	1,644	1,671	1,420	1,371
Unemployment rate	5.7	14.1	14.1	5.2	5.2	16.4	16.5	14.0	13.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	954	848	866	792	745	612	791	735	709
Participation rate	38.8	35.1	35.9	32.2	30.7	25.2	32.7	30.4	29.4
Employed	762	607	657	653	566	441	515	564	549
Employment-population ratio	31.0	25.1	27.2	26.5	23.3	18.2	21.3	23.3	22.7
Unemployed	192	241	209	139	180	171	276	171	160
Unemployment rate	20.1	28.4	24.2	17.6	24.1	28.0	34.9	23.2	22.5

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,399	16,471	16,420	16,399	16,419	16,363	16,385	16,471	16,420
Civilian labor force	10,519	10,202	10,481	10,452	10,470	9,938	9,968	10,108	10,408
Participation rate	64.1	61.9	63.8	63.7	63.8	60.7	60.8	61.4	63.4
Employed	10,205	8,786	9,207	10,163	10,037	8,499	8,475	8,717	9,163
Employment-population ratio	62.2	53.3	56.1	62.0	61.1	51.9	51.7	52.9	55.8
Unemployed	314	1,416	1,274	290	433	1,438	1,493	1,392	1,245
Unemployment rate	3.0	13.9	12.2	2.8	4.1	14.5	15.0	13.8	12.0
Not in labor force	5,881	6,269	5,939	5,947	5,948	6,425	6,417	6,362	6,012
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,537	44,132	44,212	43,537	43,895	43,975	44,053	44,132	44,212
Civilian labor force	29,097	29,006	28,737	28,916	29,443	27,841	28,218	28,907	28,560
Participation rate	66.8	65.7	65.0	66.4	67.1	63.3	64.1	65.5	64.6
Employed	27,733	24,794	24,998	27,610	27,672	22,579	23,241	24,711	24,885
Employment-population ratio	63.7	56.2	56.5	63.4	63.0	51.3	52.8	56.0	56.3
Unemployed	1,365	4,212	3,739	1,305	1,771	5,263	4,977	4,195	3,675
Unemployment rate	4.7	14.5	13.0	4.5	6.0	18.9	17.6	14.5	12.9
Not in labor force	14,440	15,126	15,475	14,622	14,452	16,133	15,834	15,225	15,652
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,702	15,604	15,538	15,653	15,844	15,337	15,493	15,588	15,488
Participation rate	79.9	78.3	77.8	79.6	80.0	77.2	77.9	78.2	77.6
Employed	15,133	13,654	13,832	15,028	15,037	12,776	13,154	13,590	13,728
Employment-population ratio	77.0	68.5	69.3	76.5	75.9	64.3	66.1	68.2	68.8
Unemployed	569	1,950	1,706	625	807	2,561	2,338	1,999	1,761
Unemployment rate	3.6	12.5	11.0	4.0	5.1	16.7	15.1	12.8	11.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,869	11,969	11,825	11,943	12,245	11,348	11,510	11,999	11,881
Participation rate	59.7	59.3	58.5	60.0	61.0	56.4	57.1	59.4	58.7
Employed	11,382	10,125	10,124	11,493	11,507	9,060	9,326	10,158	10,217
Employment-population ratio	57.2	50.1	50.0	57.8	57.3	45.0	46.3	50.3	50.5
Unemployed	487	1,844	1,701	450	738	2,288	2,184	1,841	1,664
Unemployment rate	4.1	15.4	14.4	3.8	6.0	20.2	19.0	15.3	14.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,527	1,434	1,374	1,320	1,354	1,157	1,216	1,319	1,191
Participation rate	38.3	35.7	34.2	33.1	33.8	28.9	30.3	32.9	29.7
Employed	1,218	1,016	1,042	1,090	1,128	743	761	964	940
Employment-population ratio	30.5	25.3	25.9	27.3	28.2	18.6	19.0	24.0	23.4
Unemployed	309	418	332	230	225	414	454	355	251
Unemployment rate	20.2	29.1	24.2	17.4	16.7	35.8	37.4	26.9	21.0
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,812	8,537	8,093	9,974	9,251	8,595	8,212	8,342	8,255
Participation rate	46.3	43.9	44.0	47.1	45.7	42.8	41.9	42.9	44.9
Employed	9,358	7,218	6,884	9,458	8,626	6,774	6,577	6,958	6,981
Employment-population ratio	44.2	37.1	37.4	44.6	42.6	33.7	33.5	35.7	38.0
Unemployed	455	1,319	1,209	517	625	1,821	1,634	1,385	1,274
Unemployment rate	4.6	15.4	14.9	5.2	6.8	21.2	19.9	16.6	15.4

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,303	33,324	33,934	36,324	35,232	33,252	33,792	33,598	33,942
Participation rate	57.5	54.8	55.4	57.6	57.4	54.6	55.0	55.3	55.4
Employed	35,005	29,355	30,274	35,018	33,687	27,505	28,605	29,519	30,266
Employment-population ratio	55.5	48.3	49.4	55.5	54.9	45.1	46.6	48.6	49.4
Unemployed	1,297	3,969	3,660	1,306	1,545	5,747	5,187	4,079	3,677
Unemployment rate	3.6	11.9	10.8	3.6	4.4	17.3	15.3	12.1	10.8

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,213	36,615	36,459	37,227	37,381	35,860	36,381	36,661	36,455
Participation rate	65.0	63.8	63.4	65.0	64.7	62.5	63.3	63.8	63.4
Employed	35,982	32,643	32,755	36,035	36,013	30,485	31,559	32,662	32,816
Employment-population ratio	62.8	56.9	57.0	62.9	62.3	53.1	54.9	56.9	57.1
Unemployed	1,230	3,972	3,704	1,192	1,368	5,376	4,821	3,999	3,639
Unemployment rate	3.3	10.8	10.2	3.2	3.7	15.0	13.3	10.9	10.0

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	58,303	61,339	61,410	58,702	60,487	60,127	60,442	61,861	61,847
Participation rate	73.0	72.1	71.6	73.5	73.0	71.6	71.9	72.7	72.1
Employed	56,844	57,043	57,072	57,445	59,000	55,084	55,992	57,614	57,710
Employment-population ratio	71.1	67.1	66.6	71.9	71.2	65.6	66.6	67.7	67.3
Unemployed	1,459	4,296	4,338	1,257	1,487	5,043	4,450	4,247	4,137
Unemployment rate	2.5	7.0	7.1	2.1	2.5	8.4	7.4	6.9	6.7
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,805	18,450	16,920	16,546	1,885	1,904
Civilian labor force	9,287	8,853	8,210	7,838	1,077	1,015
Participation rate	49.4	48.0	48.5	47.4	57.1	53.3
Employed	8,970	8,153	7,948	7,247	1,022	906
Employment-population ratio	47.7	44.2	47.0	43.8	54.2	47.6
Unemployed	316	699	262	591	54	108
Unemployment rate	3.4	7.9	3.2	7.5	5.0	10.7
Not in labor force	9,518	9,597	8,710	8,708	808	889

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,374	4,572	3,656	3,806	718	765
Civilian labor force	3,536	3,600	3,040	3,132	495	468
Participation rate	80.8	78.7	83.2	82.3	69.0	61.1
Employed	3,407	3,304	2,928	2,873	479	431
Employment-population ratio	77.9	72.3	80.1	75.5	66.8	56.2
Unemployed	128	296	112	259	16	37
Unemployment rate	3.6	8.2	3.7	8.3	3.2	7.9
Not in labor force	838	972	616	674	222	298

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,030	2,993	2,518	2,495	512	499
Civilian labor force	2,309	2,257	1,973	1,924	336	333
Participation rate	76.2	75.4	78.4	77.1	65.5	66.8
Employed	2,234	2,099	1,913	1,810	321	289
Employment-population ratio	73.7	70.1	76.0	72.5	62.7	58.0
Unemployed	75	158	60	114	14	44
Unemployment rate	3.2	7.0	3.1	5.9	4.3	13.2
Not in labor force	721	736	545	571	177	166

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,196	6,809	6,948	6,571	248	238
Civilian labor force	1,479	1,189	1,439	1,159	41	31
Participation rate	20.6	17.5	20.7	17.6	16.3	12.8
Employed	1,425	1,091	1,391	1,074	34	18
Employment-population ratio	19.8	16.0	20.0	16.3	13.9	7.4
Unemployed	54	98	48	85	6	13
Unemployment rate	3.7	8.3	3.4	7.4	-	-
Not in labor force	5,717	5,620	5,509	5,412	207	207

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,205	4,076	3,798	3,674	407	402
Civilian labor force	1,963	1,807	1,758	1,623	205	184
Participation rate	46.7	44.3	46.3	44.2	50.4	45.7
Employed	1,904	1,660	1,717	1,490	187	169
Employment-population ratio	45.3	40.7	45.2	40.6	46.0	42.1
Unemployed	59	147	41	133	18	14
Unemployment rate	3.0	8.1	2.3	8.2	8.7	7.9
Not in labor force	2,242	2,269	2,040	2,051	202	218

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	231,909	233,036	104,120	104,921	127,789	128,115
Civilian labor force	153,054	149,881	78,490	76,557	74,564	73,325
Participation rate	66.0	64.3	75.4	73.0	58.3	57.2
Employed	147,260	134,215	75,735	69,143	71,525	65,072
Employment-population ratio	63.5	57.6	72.7	65.9	56.0	50.8
Unemployed	5,794	15,667	2,755	7,414	3,040	8,252
Unemployment rate	3.8	10.5	3.5	9.7	4.1	11.3
Not in labor force	78,855	83,154	25,630	28,364	53,225	54,790
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	29,847	28,980	229,378	231,392
Civilian labor force	6,218	5,862	158,724	155,512
Participation rate	20.8	20.2	69.2	67.2
Employed	5,744	5,025	152,641	139,467
Employment-population ratio	19.2	17.3	66.5	60.3
Unemployed	474	837	6,082	16,045
Unemployment rate	7.6	14.3	3.8	10.3
Not in labor force	23,629	23,118	70,655	75,880

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,610	2,589	79,382	77,256
Participation rate	36.5	35.5	84.0	82.1
Employed	2,402	2,256	76,526	69,751
Employment-population ratio	33.6	31.0	81.0	74.1
Unemployed	208	334	2,856	7,505
Unemployment rate	8.0	12.9	3.6	9.7
Not in labor force	4,532	4,698	15,078	16,822

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,455	2,180	69,725	68,841
Participation rate	31.8	30.4	71.9	70.8
Employed	2,232	1,807	66,764	61,163
Employment-population ratio	28.9	25.2	68.9	62.9
Unemployed	223	372	2,962	7,678
Unemployment rate	9.1	17.1	4.2	11.2
Not in labor force	5,276	4,985	27,203	28,374

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,152	1,093	9,616	9,415
Participation rate	7.7	7.5	25.3	23.5
Employed	1,110	962	9,351	8,553
Employment-population ratio	7.4	6.6	24.6	21.3
Unemployed	43	131	265	863
Unemployment rate	3.7	12.0	2.8	9.2
Not in labor force	13,820	13,435	28,373	30,684
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,715	42,079	20,687	20,322	22,028	21,757
Civilian labor force	27,982	27,349	16,153	15,532	11,829	11,817
Participation rate	65.5	65.0	78.1	76.4	53.7	54.3
Employed	27,140	23,946	15,757	13,867	11,383	10,079
Employment-population ratio	63.5	56.9	76.2	68.2	51.7	46.3
Unemployed	842	3,404	397	1,666	445	1,738
Unemployment rate	3.0	12.4	2.5	10.7	3.8	14.7
Not in labor force	14,733	14,730	4,534	4,789	10,199	9,940

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	216,509	218,294	104,690	105,622	111,819	112,672
Civilian labor force	136,959	134,025	71,872	70,153	65,087	63,872
Participation rate	63.3	61.4	68.7	66.4	58.2	56.7
Employed	131,245	120,546	69,041	63,508	62,204	57,038
Employment-population ratio	60.6	55.2	65.9	60.1	55.6	50.6
Unemployed	5,714	13,479	2,831	6,644	2,884	6,834
Unemployment rate	4.2	10.1	3.9	9.5	4.4	10.7
Not in labor force	79,550	84,269	32,819	35,469	46,732	48,799
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,569	2,353	2,271	2,400	2,399	2,424	2,341	2,297	2,128
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,707	1,547	1,518	1,583	1,715	1,694	1,569	1,530	1,446
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	821	769	714	785	660	701	738	716	677
Unpaid family workers	42	37	39	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	155,816	140,458	142,221	155,035	153,358	131,053	134,966	139,944	141,487
Wage and salary workers(1)	146,774	131,946	133,575	146,004	144,507	123,400	126,943	131,444	132,888
Government	20,006	20,464	19,614	20,877	21,143	19,208	19,763	20,895	20,597
Private industries	126,768	111,482	113,961	125,099	123,360	104,148	107,164	110,584	112,361
Private households	808	564	708	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	125,960	110,918	113,253	124,303	122,642	103,663	106,660	110,045	111,663
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,995	8,449	8,564	8,942	8,806	7,546	7,944	8,376	8,559
Unpaid family workers	46	64	82	-	-	-	-	-	-

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,102	9,306	8,572	3,973	5,765	10,887	10,633	9,062	8,443
Slack work or business conditions	2,387	8,043	7,280	2,392	4,043	9,939	9,543	7,939	7,281
Could only find part-time work	1,374	978	1,034	1,357	1,321	697	843	942	1,048
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,038	16,210	16,384	21,448	20,601	12,355	14,394	17,137	17,792
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,017	9,210	8,521	3,876	5,681	10,730	10,485	8,961	8,382
Slack work or business conditions	2,329	7,966	7,239	2,328	3,965	9,780	9,408	7,860	7,234
Could only find part-time work	1,354	974	1,026	1,344	1,312	695	836	941	1,047
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,656	15,868	15,998	21,057	20,236	11,970	14,009	16,793	17,404
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	158,385	142,811	144,492	157,346	155,772	133,403	137,242	142,182	143,532
16 to 19 years	6,409	4,884	5,353	5,250	5,054	3,479	3,932	4,114	4,235
16 to 17 years	2,154	1,744	2,124	1,725	1,800	1,302	1,420	1,501	1,727
18 to 19 years	4,254	3,139	3,229	3,566	3,269	2,154	2,495	2,649	2,581
20 years and over	151,976	137,927	139,139	152,096	150,719	129,924	133,310	138,068	139,297
20 to 24 years	14,787	11,669	12,154	14,223	13,428	10,023	10,608	11,249	11,593
25 years and over	137,189	126,259	126,985	137,921	137,392	119,906	122,691	126,771	127,741
25 to 54 years	99,911	92,407	92,504	100,439	100,313	87,769	89,943	92,702	93,068
25 to 34 years	35,369	32,009	31,962	35,506	35,501	30,453	31,299	32,028	32,105
35 to 44 years	32,904	30,909	31,215	33,082	33,168	29,607	30,088	30,991	31,398
45 to 54 years	31,638	29,489	29,327	31,851	31,644	27,709	28,555	29,683	29,565
55 years and over	37,278	33,851	34,481	37,482	37,079	32,137	32,748	34,069	34,673

Men, 16 years and over	84,798	76,425	77,375	83,589	82,357	71,916	73,702	75,629	76,212
16 to 19 years	3,237	2,423	2,619	2,614	2,525	1,939	2,030	1,988	2,028
16 to 17 years	1,115	878	985	859	817	632	659	714	753
18 to 19 years	2,123	1,545	1,634	1,768	1,715	1,277	1,355	1,302	1,297
20 years and over	81,561	74,002	74,756	80,975	79,832	69,977	71,672	73,641	74,184
20 to 24 years	7,620	5,997	6,347	7,220	6,818	5,222	5,445	5,726	5,949
25 years and over	73,941	68,005	68,409	73,775	73,159	64,758	66,271	67,865	68,243
25 to 54 years	53,775	49,575	49,744	53,706	53,374	47,236	48,488	49,471	49,683
25 to 34 years	19,143	17,079	17,062	19,104	19,002	16,396	16,822	16,987	17,019
35 to 44 years	17,842	16,644	16,911	17,796	17,790	16,049	16,335	16,582	16,867
45 to 54 years	16,789	15,852	15,771	16,807	16,582	14,792	15,330	15,903	15,796
55 years and over	20,166	18,430	18,665	20,068	19,785	17,522	17,783	18,394	18,560

Women, 16 years and over	73,587	66,386	67,117	73,757	73,415	61,487	63,540	66,552	67,320
16 to 19 years	3,172	2,461	2,734	2,637	2,529	1,541	1,902	2,126	2,207
16 to 17 years	1,040	866	1,139	866	983	670	761	788	974
18 to 19 years	2,132	1,595	1,595	1,797	1,554	877	1,140	1,347	1,284
20 years and over	70,415	63,925	64,384	71,120	70,886	59,947	61,638	64,426	65,113
20 to 24 years	7,168	5,671	5,807	7,003	6,610	4,801	5,163	5,523	5,644
25 years and over	63,248	58,254	58,577	64,146	64,232	55,147	56,420	58,906	59,498
25 to 54 years	46,136	42,832	42,761	46,733	46,939	40,533	41,455	43,231	43,385
25 to 34 years	16,225	14,930	14,900	16,403	16,499	14,058	14,478	15,041	15,086
35 to 44 years	15,062	14,265	14,304	15,286	15,378	13,558	13,753	14,409	14,531
45 to 54 years	14,848	13,637	13,557	15,044	15,062	12,917	13,225	13,781	13,769
55 years and over	17,112	15,421	15,816	17,413	17,293	14,615	14,964	15,675	16,113

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,868	43,717	43,615	46,008	45,920	41,683	42,822	43,702	43,768
Married women, spouse present(1)	35,338	33,903	33,934	36,175	36,353	31,860	32,978	34,440	34,794
Women who maintain families(2)	9,661	8,218	8,602	-	-	-	-	-	-

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	132,153	120,169	121,198	130,494	129,298	114,322	116,523	118,941	119,532
Part-time workers(4)	26,232	22,642	23,294	26,884	26,553	19,106	20,741	23,179	23,982

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,310	6,114	6,569	8,374	7,268	5,451	5,598	6,279	6,602
Percent of total employed	5.2	4.3	4.5	5.3	4.7	4.1	4.1	4.4	4.6

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,225	6,208	6,279	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,816	9,218	9,278	9,727	9,466	8,247	8,681	9,092	9,236
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,027	17,750	16,338	3.7	4.4	14.7	13.3	11.1	10.2
16 to 19 years	767	1,242	1,011	12.7	14.3	31.9	29.9	23.2	19.3
16 to 17 years	312	470	368	15.3	16.4	27.6	30.1	23.8	17.6
18 to 19 years	440	771	636	11.0	12.8	34.3	29.8	22.5	19.8
20 years and over	5,260	16,508	15,327	3.3	4.0	14.2	12.6	10.7	9.9
20 to 24 years	1,027	2,770	2,595	6.7	8.7	25.7	23.2	19.8	18.3
25 years and over	4,245	13,691	12,736	3.0	3.5	13.1	11.6	9.7	9.1
25 to 54 years	3,220	10,072	9,408	3.1	3.6	12.8	11.5	9.8	9.2
25 to 34 years	1,377	4,261	4,137	3.7	4.1	14.5	13.4	11.7	11.4
35 to 44 years	958	3,108	2,772	2.8	3.4	11.5	10.2	9.1	8.1
45 to 54 years	885	2,703	2,499	2.7	3.2	12.3	10.7	8.3	7.8
55 years and over	1,041	3,651	3,331	2.7	3.3	13.6	11.8	9.7	8.8

Men, 16 years and over	3,204	8,967	8,321	3.7	4.4	13.5	12.2	10.6	9.8
16 to 19 years	408	613	601	13.5	14.3	27.6	28.6	23.6	22.8
16 to 17 years	155	167	240	15.3	14.8	21.0	27.8	19.0	24.2
18 to 19 years	238	448	354	11.9	13.4	30.8	29.1	25.6	21.5
20 years and over	2,796	8,354	7,720	3.3	4.0	13.0	11.6	10.2	9.4
20 to 24 years	589	1,339	1,286	7.5	9.1	23.5	22.4	19.0	17.8
25 years and over	2,208	6,990	6,442	2.9	3.5	12.1	10.5	9.3	8.6
25 to 54 years	1,695	5,199	4,828	3.1	3.5	12.1	10.6	9.5	8.9
25 to 34 years	740	2,282	2,257	3.7	4.2	14.2	13.0	11.8	11.7
35 to 44 years	479	1,621	1,438	2.6	3.2	10.4	9.5	8.9	7.9
45 to 54 years	476	1,296	1,134	2.8	3.1	11.4	9.2	7.5	6.7
55 years and over	513	1,791	1,614	2.5	3.4	12.1	10.3	8.9	8.0

Women, 16 years and over	2,823	8,783	8,017	3.7	4.4	16.2	14.5	11.7	10.6
16 to 19 years	359	629	410	12.0	14.3	36.6	31.3	22.8	15.7
16 to 17 years	157	303	128	15.3	17.8	32.9	32.0	27.8	11.6
18 to 19 years	202	323	282	10.1	12.1	38.9	30.6	19.4	18.0
20 years and over	2,465	8,154	7,607	3.3	4.0	15.5	13.9	11.2	10.5
20 to 24 years	438	1,431	1,309	5.9	8.3	28.0	24.0	20.6	18.8
25 years and over	2,036	6,701	6,294	3.1	3.5	14.2	12.8	10.2	9.6
25 to 54 years	1,526	4,873	4,580	3.2	3.6	13.7	12.5	10.1	9.5
25 to 34 years	638	1,980	1,880	3.7	4.0	14.9	13.9	11.6	11.1
35 to 44 years	479	1,487	1,335	3.0	3.6	12.7	11.0	9.4	8.4
45 to 54 years	409	1,406	1,365	2.6	3.3	13.3	12.5	9.3	9.0
55 years and over	505	1,842	1,707	2.8	3.3	15.5	13.6	10.5	9.6

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	862	3,259	2,892	1.8	2.3	9.7	8.3	6.9	6.2
Married women, spouse present(1)	819	3,367	3,283	2.2	3.0	13.1	11.5	8.9	8.6
Women who maintain families(2)	622	1,242	1,216	6.0	5.3	15.9	15.8	13.1	12.4

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,855	13,755	12,920	3.6	4.1	12.9	12.0	10.4	9.8
Part-time workers(4)	1,203	4,007	3,447	4.3	6.1	24.5	19.7	14.7	12.6
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,986	14,198	13,079	2,796	3,946	20,626	18,291	14,272	12,924
On temporary layoff	1,050	10,596	9,444	828	1,848	18,063	15,343	10,565	9,225
Not on temporary layoff	1,935	3,602	3,635	1,968	2,099	2,563	2,948	3,707	3,699
Permanent job losers	1,362	2,825	2,862	1,360	1,456	2,000	2,295	2,883	2,877
Persons who completed temporary jobs	573	776	773	609	643	563	653	824	823
Job leavers	877	545	614	832	727	570	554	565	571
Reentrants	1,881	2,495	2,448	1,794	1,778	1,477	1,645	2,356	2,358
New entrants	813	834	741	597	509	389	536	563	513

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	45.5	78.6	77.5	46.5	56.7	89.4	87.0	80.4	79.0
On temporary layoff	16.0	58.6	55.9	13.8	26.5	78.3	73.0	59.5	56.4
Not on temporary layoff	29.5	19.9	21.5	32.7	30.2	11.1	14.0	20.9	22.6
Job leavers	13.4	3.0	3.6	13.8	10.5	2.5	2.6	3.2	3.5
Reentrants	28.7	13.8	14.5	29.8	25.5	6.4	7.8	13.3	14.4
New entrants	12.4	4.6	4.4	9.9	7.3	1.7	2.5	3.2	3.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.8	8.8	8.1	1.7	2.4	13.2	11.6	8.9	8.1
Job leavers	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reentrants	1.1	1.6	1.5	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.5	1.5
New entrants	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,387	3,620	3,430	2,222	3,542	14,283	3,875	2,838	3,202
5 to 14 weeks	2,164	11,300	5,556	1,795	1,794	7,004	14,814	11,496	5,169
15 weeks and over	2,005	3,152	7,896	2,079	1,971	1,772	2,242	3,294	7,986
15 to 26 weeks	773	1,867	6,328	909	808	833	1,078	1,903	6,484
27 weeks and over	1,232	1,285	1,569	1,170	1,164	939	1,164	1,391	1,501

Average (mean) duration, in weeks	18.7	13.4	16.1	19.7	17.1	6.1	9.9	15.7	17.9
Median duration, in weeks	7.9	11.1	13.7	9.0	7.0	2.0	7.7	13.6	15.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	36.4	20.0	20.3	36.4	48.5	61.9	18.5	16.1	19.6
5 to 14 weeks	33.0	62.5	32.9	29.5	24.5	30.4	70.8	65.2	31.6
15 weeks and over	30.6	17.4	46.8	34.1	27.0	7.7	10.7	18.7	48.8
15 to 26 weeks	11.8	10.3	37.5	14.9	11.1	3.6	5.2	10.8	39.6
27 weeks and over	18.8	7.1	9.3	19.2	15.9	4.1	5.6	7.9	9.2
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020
Total, 16 years and over(1)	158,385	144,492	6,556	16,882	4.0	10.5
Management, professional, and related occupations	63,394	62,494	1,591	4,400	2.4	6.6
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	26,877	26,928	492	1,460	1.8	5.1
Professional and related occupations	36,517	35,566	1,099	2,940	2.9	7.6
Service occupations	27,975	21,929	1,319	4,249	4.5	16.2
Sales and office occupations	33,686	29,472	1,274	3,384	3.6	10.3
Sales and related occupations	15,998	14,234	523	1,734	3.2	10.9
Office and administrative support occupations	17,688	15,238	751	1,650	4.1	9.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,705	13,183	640	1,339	4.2	9.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,211	983	61	78	4.8	7.3
Construction and extraction occupations	8,545	7,675	406	876	4.5	10.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,948	4,524	174	386	3.4	7.9
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,625	17,414	903	2,753	4.6	13.7
Production occupations	8,415	7,315	362	928	4.1	11.3
Transportation and material moving occupations	10,209	10,100	541	1,825	5.0	15.3
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,556	16,882	4.0	10.5
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,633	13,460	3.5	10.6
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	18	110	2.3	15.6
Construction	386	870	3.8	8.9
Manufacturing	472	1,306	3.0	8.6
Durable goods	295	796	3.0	8.4
Nondurable goods	178	510	3.1	9.0
Wholesale and retail trade	779	1,924	3.9	9.7
Transportation and utilities	277	1,067	3.7	13.8
Information	103	311	3.9	12.3
Financial activities	169	463	1.7	4.7
Professional and business services	635	1,340	3.4	7.6
Education and health services	757	1,920	3.1	8.0
Leisure and hospitality	805	3,456	5.3	25.0
Other services	233	691	3.4	10.6
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	77	88	4.4	5.7
Government workers	816	1,792	3.9	8.4
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	216	800	2.1	7.8
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.2	2.0	4.9	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.4	2.1	5.0
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.8	8.8	8.1	1.7	2.4	13.2	11.6	8.9	8.1
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.0	11.2	10.5	3.7	4.4	14.7	13.3	11.1	10.2
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.2	11.6	10.8	3.9	4.7	15.1	13.6	11.5	10.6
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.8	12.6	11.6	4.5	5.2	16.0	14.6	12.5	11.3
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.3	18.3	16.8	6.9	8.7	22.8	21.2	18.0	16.5
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	94,284	98,998	37,353	40,258	56,931	58,740
Persons who currently want a job	5,289	8,003	2,465	3,728	2,824	4,275
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,478	2,027	795	1,088	683	938
Discouraged workers(2)	368	701	212	426	156	274
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,110	1,326	583	662	527	664

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,310	6,569	4,080	3,353	4,230	3,215
Percent of total employed	5.2	4.5	4.8	4.3	5.7	4.8
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,503	3,702	2,387	2,136	2,116	1,567
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,091	1,495	725	485	1,367	1,010
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	376	330	268	206	108	125
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,277	981	678	507	599	474
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)	Change from: June2020 - July2020(p)
Total nonfarm	150,699	133,432	138,509	139,100	150,953	133,028	137,819	139,582	1,763
Total private	129,395	111,866	117,312	118,763	128,366	111,763	116,500	117,962	1,462
Goods-producing	21,418	19,404	20,159	20,236	21,085	19,374	19,889	19,928	39

Mining and logging	746	631	631	632	736	633	628	621	-7
Logging	51.4	50.0	51.6	52.7	50.2	51.2	51.5	51.8	0.3
Mining	695.0	581.0	579.6	579.2	685.6	582.2	576.1	569.1	-7.0
Oil and gas extraction	151.9	152.7	154.5	156.8	149.9	153.5	153.8	155.1	1.3
Mining, except oil and gas	194.8	179.3	180.4	182.9	190.8	178.1	177.0	179.3	2.3
Coal mining	51.0	43.8	44.0	45.1	51.3	44.5	44.0	45.4	1.4
Metal ore mining	43.4	39.5	40.3	41.1	42.4	39.5	39.9	40.6	0.7
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	100.4	96.0	96.1	96.7	97.1	94.1	93.1	93.3	0.2
Support activities for mining	348.3	249.0	244.7	239.5	344.9	250.6	245.3	234.7	-10.6

Construction	7,753	7,076	7,365	7,419	7,504	7,012	7,175	7,195	20
Construction of buildings	1,700.6	1,555.8	1,618.3	1,637.4	1,658.6	1,557.8	1,589.6	1,596.6	7.0
Residential building	838.8	778.7	813.8	828.8	818.3	779.1	798.3	814.6	16.3
Nonresidential building	861.8	777.1	804.5	808.6	840.3	778.7	791.3	782.0	-9.3
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,131.7	1,053.0	1,069.5	1,075.0	1,072.0	1,024.2	1,015.8	1,017.6	1.8
Specialty trade contractors	4,920.7	4,467.5	4,677.5	4,706.2	4,773.2	4,430.0	4,569.2	4,580.4	11.2
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,158.4	1,979.9	2,076.3	2,091.8	2,088.6	1,957.4	2,023.2	2,030.9	7.7
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,762.3	2,487.6	2,601.2	2,614.4	2,684.6	2,472.6	2,546.0	2,549.5	3.5

Manufacturing	12,919	11,697	12,163	12,185	12,845	11,729	12,086	12,112	26

Durable goods	8,093	7,259	7,609	7,598	8,067	7,269	7,559	7,574	15
Wood products	412.2	385.0	391.3	390.4	408.7	385.2	388.5	387.2	-1.3
Nonmetallic mineral products	427.6	395.2	407.2	408.1	421.1	392.0	400.3	402.0	1.7
Primary metals	385.6	333.0	338.6	336.0	385.6	333.6	336.6	335.4	-1.2
Fabricated metal products	1,501.4	1,387.9	1,406.8	1,393.6	1,493.5	1,389.2	1,397.6	1,386.2	-11.4
Machinery	1,134.1	1,037.0	1,052.6	1,045.1	1,127.2	1,038.0	1,045.5	1,038.8	-6.7
Computer and electronic products	1,089.0	1,079.4	1,096.0	1,092.8	1,082.2	1,083.6	1,091.9	1,085.5	-6.4
Computer and peripheral equipment	163.3	169.3	171.8	170.6	162.4	169.7	171.6	170.7	-0.9
Communications equipment	83.5	81.2	82.4	82.2	83.1	81.4	82.2	82.1	-0.1
Semiconductors and electronic components	381.7	370.5	377.9	376.5	378.9	373.3	375.8	372.7	-3.1
Electronic instruments	427.7	425.5	429.3	427.5	425.0	426.0	428.0	424.6	-3.4
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	32.8	32.9	34.6	36.0	32.8	33.2	34.3	35.4	1.1
Electrical equipment and appliances	408.9	375.8	382.5	380.3	405.7	377.5	382.2	377.7	-4.5
Transportation equipment(1)	1,723.8	1,382.8	1,602.1	1,611.0	1,737.2	1,385.9	1,591.1	1,624.3	33.2
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	980.8	677.0	896.3	910.1	998.8	677.8	888.6	927.9	39.3
Furniture and related products	389.5	336.0	350.6	350.1	387.4	336.1	348.5	348.0	-0.5
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	621.0	546.9	580.8	590.8	618.5	547.6	577.2	588.9	11.7

Nondurable goods	4,826	4,438	4,554	4,587	4,778	4,460	4,527	4,538	11
Food manufacturing	1,665.0	1,558.3	1,595.1	1,622.6	1,639.0	1,580.6	1,586.3	1,593.6	7.3
Textile mills	108.7	88.5	93.7	91.9	108.7	88.1	93.5	92.0	-1.5
Textile product mills	114.2	99.3	103.7	102.1	113.6	99.3	104.0	100.9	-3.1
Apparel	110.8	77.7	84.6	85.6	111.4	77.6	83.8	86.0	2.2
Paper and paper products	366.8	353.6	354.8	357.8	365.6	353.0	353.5	355.8	2.3
Printing and related support activities	426.4	357.4	364.2	364.0	424.8	357.9	363.4	363.8	0.4
Petroleum and coal products	117.8	105.7	106.4	107.2	114.2	104.5	103.2	103.3	0.1
Chemicals	854.7	828.6	832.8	829.4	849.9	830.1	829.7	825.2	-4.5
Plastics and rubber products	739.2	696.2	723.8	722.0	736.2	695.3	718.8	717.8	-1.0
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	321.9	273.1	295.3	304.4	314.1	273.1	290.7	299.2	8.5

Private service-providing	107,977	92,462	97,153	98,527	107,281	92,389	96,611	98,034	1,423

Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,671	24,765	25,851	26,094	27,692	24,858	25,832	26,123	291

Wholesale trade	5,933.8	5,559.5	5,648.2	5,644.3	5,906.2	5,560.4	5,623.4	5,618.1	-5.3
Durable goods	3,218.4	3,013.3	3,064.5	3,075.0	3,205.4	3,016.1	3,054.6	3,061.9	7.3
Nondurable goods	2,185.5	2,046.9	2,082.0	2,066.1	2,173.0	2,043.0	2,067.7	2,053.3	-14.4
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	529.9	499.3	501.7	503.2	527.8	501.3	501.1	502.9	1.8

Retail trade	15,634.2	13,637.7	14,519.4	14,778.7	15,614.4	13,673.5	14,500.4	14,758.7	258.3
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,046.5	1,777.7	1,866.9	1,892.4	2,031.5	1,771.7	1,856.2	1,880.9	24.7
Automobile dealers	1,304.9	1,110.5	1,170.9	1,188.2	1,300.0	1,110.7	1,169.0	1,185.6	16.6
Other motor vehicle dealers	171.0	141.1	156.8	158.8	162.4	135.3	148.3	150.3	2.0
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	570.6	526.1	539.2	545.4	569.2	525.7	538.9	545.0	6.1
Furniture and home furnishings stores	465.8	290.7	368.1	393.9	471.7	295.5	372.2	399.8	27.6
Electronics and appliance stores	466.6	350.9	375.3	403.5	473.1	355.2	380.4	411.0	30.6
Building material and garden supply stores	1,327.5	1,394.5	1,428.5	1,413.2	1,293.1	1,332.3	1,363.2	1,371.9	8.7
Food and beverage stores	3,098.6	3,097.3	3,154.0	3,136.6	3,076.3	3,103.2	3,133.6	3,114.7	-18.9
Health and personal care stores	1,042.6	898.8	932.0	952.2	1,050.0	904.4	934.9	956.6	21.7
Gasoline stations	958.2	891.7	915.2	923.1	946.9	890.9	904.4	910.2	5.8
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,294.8	557.8	790.3	923.7	1,296.2	573.9	803.7	924.5	120.8
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	538.1	358.0	408.2	427.5	550.9	369.4	418.7	437.4	18.7
General merchandise stores	2,986.8	2,896.2	3,059.6	3,051.5	3,025.5	2,947.7	3,115.2	3,096.7	-18.5
Department stores	1,045.7	826.2	937.0	983.4	1,071.5	856.8	971.3	1,016.4	45.1
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,941.1	2,070.0	2,122.6	2,068.1	1,954.1	2,090.9	2,143.9	2,080.3	-63.6
Miscellaneous store retailers	849.2	611.0	691.3	723.4	836.0	607.9	684.2	712.4	28.2
Nonstore retailers	559.5	513.1	530.0	537.7	563.2	521.4	533.7	542.6	8.9

Transportation and warehousing	5,547.9	5,027.8	5,143.3	5,130.3	5,622.2	5,083.3	5,170.3	5,208.2	37.9
Air transportation	509.5	385.3	382.2	398.6	505.2	383.8	378.9	395.1	16.2
Rail transportation	175.2	148.0	144.6	142.0	174.8	148.0	144.7	141.5	-3.2
Water transportation	68.3	57.1	57.2	58.1	65.6	56.5	55.2	55.6	0.4
Truck transportation	1,553.6	1,430.0	1,449.6	1,457.1	1,535.4	1,432.4	1,436.6	1,438.6	2.0
Transit and ground passenger transportation	429.7	328.9	307.0	271.4	491.1	311.4	313.2	332.8	19.6
Pipeline transportation	52.0	50.4	50.0	49.7	51.7	50.5	49.9	49.8	-0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	47.9	18.2	25.7	26.0	36.2	16.7	20.3	19.7	-0.6
Support activities for transportation	757.1	661.3	669.4	671.6	755.8	664.6	669.4	669.5	0.1
Couriers and messengers	773.6	824.3	874.1	877.2	816.2	885.4	907.7	916.9	9.2
Warehousing and storage	1,181.0	1,124.3	1,183.5	1,178.6	1,190.2	1,134.0	1,194.4	1,188.7	-5.7

Utilities	554.6	539.5	540.0	541.0	549.6	540.7	537.5	537.8	0.3

Information	2,883	2,562	2,585	2,578	2,862	2,569	2,579	2,564	-15
Publishing industries, except Internet	767.5	734.9	741.2	736.5	762.7	740.0	739.0	732.1	-6.9
Motion picture and sound recording industries	459.3	213.9	223.7	224.6	446.7	209.5	216.9	212.7	-4.2
Broadcasting, except Internet	264.4	237.4	238.1	237.9	266.2	238.5	238.7	238.8	0.1
Telecommunications	707.7	684.8	681.8	679.0	707.3	688.4	683.5	681.2	-2.3
Data processing, hosting and related services	342.3	340.2	344.1	342.1	340.4	339.5	344.8	342.9	-1.9
Other information services	342.0	350.5	356.4	357.4	338.9	353.2	355.6	355.9	0.3

Financial activities	8,836	8,564	8,648	8,697	8,753	8,585	8,608	8,629	21
Finance and insurance	6,466.4	6,428.0	6,457.1	6,482.0	6,431.5	6,445.4	6,448.2	6,455.3	7.1
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.9	19.7	19.9	20.4	19.7	19.8	19.8	19.9	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,664.0	2,646.4	2,659.9	2,665.4	2,647.5	2,650.2	2,652.1	2,652.8	0.7
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,787.3	1,771.7	1,781.2	1,776.5	1,775.9	1,772.1	1,772.5	1,767.0	-5.5
Commercial banking	1,400.8	1,383.6	1,391.0	1,386.9	1,391.9	1,383.6	1,384.3	1,379.4	-4.9
Nondepository credit intermediation	576.8	571.0	572.5	578.8	573.3	572.8	571.8	575.6	3.8
Activities related to credit intermediation	299.9	303.7	306.2	310.1	298.3	305.3	307.8	310.2	2.4
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	978.7	962.4	969.2	978.3	968.8	968.5	968.1	969.7	1.6
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,803.8	2,799.5	2,808.1	2,817.9	2,795.5	2,806.9	2,808.2	2,812.9	4.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,369.2	2,135.8	2,191.1	2,214.5	2,321.6	2,139.6	2,159.5	2,174.0	14.5
Real estate	1,744.8	1,647.6	1,684.4	1,696.2	1,719.8	1,652.9	1,669.0	1,675.0	6.0
Rental and leasing services	600.8	465.3	483.3	495.1	578.8	463.8	467.7	476.2	8.5
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.6	22.9	23.4	23.2	23.0	22.9	22.8	22.8	0.0

Professional and business services	21,456	19,396	19,844	20,024	21,337	19,414	19,732	19,902	170
Professional and technical services	9,590.6	9,137.1	9,250.8	9,312.0	9,566.7	9,210.0	9,284.1	9,298.8	14.7
Legal services	1,159.3	1,095.5	1,115.6	1,116.0	1,149.1	1,098.4	1,105.7	1,107.6	1.9
Accounting and bookkeeping services	980.8	945.9	946.1	950.4	1,033.0	1,000.0	1,014.6	1,015.5	0.9
Architectural and engineering services	1,539.9	1,459.7	1,487.9	1,495.7	1,515.7	1,461.1	1,470.0	1,470.0	0.0
Specialized design services	143.3	125.5	131.9	131.8	143.7	125.3	131.4	131.9	0.5
Computer systems design and related services	2,229.9	2,161.5	2,155.5	2,176.7	2,212.2	2,166.4	2,159.2	2,152.2	-7.0
Management and technical consulting services	1,537.3	1,474.0	1,491.9	1,502.4	1,531.3	1,480.1	1,491.4	1,496.2	4.8
Scientific research and development services	741.1	728.3	742.8	749.5	729.9	729.4	736.2	740.3	4.1
Advertising and related services	495.3	449.3	454.1	446.8	492.4	449.7	452.1	443.9	-8.2
Other professional and technical services	763.7	697.4	725.0	742.7	759.5	699.6	723.5	741.2	17.7
Management of companies and enterprises	2,447.6	2,335.9	2,360.9	2,350.1	2,428.8	2,339.2	2,344.2	2,332.0	-12.2
Administrative and waste services	9,417.8	7,922.8	8,232.3	8,361.9	9,341.7	7,864.7	8,104.0	8,271.1	167.1
Administrative and support services	8,955.8	7,469.0	7,774.9	7,902.6	8,887.7	7,412.0	7,652.4	7,820.5	168.1
Office administrative services	530.5	495.2	497.5	507.1	528.3	494.5	493.9	505.8	11.9
Facilities support services	164.7	150.9	155.1	158.6	165.0	151.5	155.9	159.4	3.5
Employment services(1)	3,572.9	2,676.2	2,847.4	2,959.9	3,626.5	2,691.5	2,847.5	2,996.9	149.4
Temporary help services	2,883.1	2,080.8	2,234.7	2,336.7	2,938.1	2,094.8	2,238.6	2,382.3	143.7
Business support services	868.4	737.0	748.8	753.2	881.7	747.0	761.1	762.7	1.6
Travel arrangement and reservation services	221.7	169.4	165.3	162.2	218.5	168.1	162.4	159.7	-2.7
Investigation and security services	957.9	889.2	903.4	897.6	957.1	888.5	903.4	899.2	-4.2
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,300.9	2,059.3	2,153.6	2,174.1	2,173.0	1,980.0	2,030.2	2,045.7	15.5
Other support services	338.8	291.8	303.8	289.9	337.6	290.9	298.0	291.1	-6.9
Waste management and remediation services	462.0	453.8	457.4	459.3	454.0	452.7	451.6	450.6	-1.0

Education and health services	23,863	22,231	22,556	22,641	24,204	22,193	22,760	22,975	215
Educational services	3,464.0	3,375.0	3,240.7	3,166.5	3,777.8	3,345.7	3,450.1	3,473.6	23.5
Health care and social assistance	20,399.3	18,856.0	19,314.8	19,474.4	20,425.9	18,847.1	19,310.0	19,501.4	191.4
Health care(3)	16,300.3	15,211.5	15,598.7	15,734.0	16,282.1	15,233.6	15,585.2	15,710.7	125.5
Ambulatory health care services	7,704.5	6,912.4	7,284.8	7,412.7	7,704.4	6,911.5	7,279.3	7,405.5	126.2
Offices of physicians	2,675.4	2,488.1	2,563.2	2,590.5	2,673.3	2,490.5	2,564.3	2,590.2	25.9
Offices of dentists	970.2	675.7	867.7	911.5	970.0	675.8	865.6	910.4	44.8
Offices of other health practitioners	970.7	818.4	868.4	891.2	970.9	816.9	866.2	888.4	22.2
Outpatient care centers	963.6	910.7	932.4	940.7	963.5	911.0	933.5	941.2	7.7
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	283.4	258.0	268.2	276.6	282.9	259.1	267.9	275.8	7.9
Home health care services	1,527.4	1,466.6	1,484.0	1,500.0	1,530.3	1,464.0	1,482.1	1,497.7	15.6
Other ambulatory health care services	313.8	294.9	300.9	302.2	313.5	294.2	299.7	301.8	2.1
Hospitals	5,198.6	5,086.8	5,108.2	5,136.6	5,194.6	5,104.5	5,106.6	5,134.0	27.4
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,397.2	3,212.3	3,205.7	3,184.7	3,383.1	3,217.6	3,199.3	3,171.2	-28.1
Nursing care facilities	1,605.3	1,505.8	1,495.3	1,480.3	1,600.4	1,509.5	1,494.1	1,476.6	-17.5
Residential mental health facilities	652.3	614.9	616.7	622.1	649.1	615.3	614.3	618.0	3.7
Community care facilities for the elderly	973.5	932.3	933.2	921.3	969.2	932.8	931.7	917.1	-14.6
Other residential care facilities	166.1	159.3	160.5	161.0	164.3	160.0	159.2	159.5	0.3
Social assistance	4,099.0	3,644.5	3,716.1	3,740.4	4,143.8	3,613.5	3,724.8	3,790.7	65.9
Individual and family services	2,620.7	2,481.4	2,500.3	2,514.5	2,613.4	2,472.7	2,496.8	2,509.2	12.4
Emergency and other relief services	184.8	177.1	179.7	184.4	184.6	177.9	179.2	185.2	6.0
Vocational rehabilitation services	326.8	263.2	274.6	279.4	321.3	263.4	272.1	274.5	2.4
Child day care services	966.7	722.8	761.5	762.1	1,024.6	699.5	776.7	821.8	45.1

Leisure and hospitality	17,289	10,109	12,440	13,111	16,528	9,954	11,935	12,527	592
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,782.1	1,232.0	1,660.6	1,806.9	2,418.3	1,196.8	1,482.7	1,569.8	87.1
Performing arts and spectator sports	542.3	274.5	283.5	269.3	514.2	258.2	266.5	253.7	-12.8
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	189.7	125.6	136.3	139.4	171.5	122.0	125.2	125.5	0.3
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	2,050.1	831.9	1,240.8	1,398.2	1,732.6	816.6	1,091.0	1,190.6	99.6
Accommodation and food services	14,506.8	8,876.6	10,779.0	11,304.5	14,109.8	8,757.0	10,452.2	10,957.0	504.8
Accommodation	2,233.3	1,071.5	1,395.4	1,442.5	2,074.2	1,068.7	1,287.4	1,290.2	2.8
Food services and drinking places	12,273.5	7,805.1	9,383.6	9,862.0	12,035.6	7,688.3	9,164.8	9,666.8	502.0

Other services	5,979	4,835	5,229	5,382	5,905	4,816	5,165	5,314	149
Repair and maintenance	1,364.8	1,222.0	1,281.2	1,290.7	1,357.6	1,212.9	1,273.2	1,283.7	10.5
Personal and laundry services	1,535.5	849.9	1,105.1	1,220.7	1,525.6	841.4	1,093.3	1,211.9	118.6
Membership associations and organizations	3,079.0	2,763.5	2,842.9	2,870.9	3,021.6	2,761.3	2,798.3	2,818.1	19.8

Government	21,304	21,566	21,197	20,337	22,587	21,265	21,319	21,620	301
Federal	2,848.0	2,884	2,904	2,931	2,831.0	2,885	2,885	2,912	27
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,241.2	2,282.8	2,300.0	2,337.8	2,223.7	2,282.8	2,282.4	2,314.2	31.8
U.S. Postal Service	607.1	601.0	603.5	593.6	607.4	602.0	602.9	597.5	-5.4
State government	4,835.0	4,943	4,698	4,669	5,168.0	4,956	4,966	4,999	33
State government education	2,127.7	2,250.0	1,990.6	1,958.7	2,477.6	2,261.3	2,274.0	2,303.8	29.8
State government, excluding education	2,706.9	2,692.7	2,707.4	2,710.5	2,690.2	2,694.3	2,691.7	2,695.5	3.8
Local government	13,621.0	13,739	13,595	12,737	14,588.0	13,424	13,468	13,709	241
Local government education	6,792.2	7,615.2	7,314.2	6,385.9	8,006.4	7,308.0	7,372.2	7,587.3	215.1
Local government, excluding education	6,828.9	6,123.3	6,280.6	6,351.5	6,581.3	6,115.9	6,095.8	6,121.5	25.7
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.3	34.7	34.6	34.5
Goods-producing	40.1	38.9	39.1	39.5
Mining and logging	46.2	42.9	43.4	43.8
Construction	39.1	38.9	38.9	38.9
Manufacturing	40.4	38.7	39.0	39.7
Durable goods	40.9	38.7	39.0	39.9
Nondurable goods	39.6	38.7	39.0	39.2
Private service-providing	33.2	33.8	33.6	33.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.1	34.3	34.3	34.0
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.0	38.2	38.4
Retail trade	30.6	31.2	31.2	30.5
Transportation and warehousing	38.2	37.8	38.1	38.3
Utilities	42.0	42.3	42.4	42.5
Information	36.2	36.5	36.4	36.3
Financial activities	37.5	37.7	37.5	37.6
Professional and business services	36.1	36.4	36.3	36.3
Education and health services	33.0	32.9	33.1	33.4
Leisure and hospitality	25.8	25.9	25.7	25.3
Other services	31.9	32.7	32.4	32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.3	2.4	2.5	2.8
Durable goods	3.3	2.0	2.2	2.5
Nondurable goods	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)
Total private	$28.05	$29.70	$29.32	$29.39	$962.12	$1,030.59	$1,014.47	$1,013.96
Goods-producing	29.05	30.15	29.94	30.07	1,164.91	1,172.84	1,170.65	1,187.77
Mining and logging	34.11	35.26	35.20	35.14	1,575.88	1,512.65	1,527.68	1,539.13
Construction	30.75	31.49	31.62	31.73	1,202.33	1,224.96	1,230.02	1,234.30
Manufacturing	27.75	29.03	28.64	28.81	1,121.10	1,123.46	1,116.96	1,143.76
Durable goods	29.19	30.50	30.00	30.22	1,193.87	1,180.35	1,170.00	1,205.78
Nondurable goods	25.25	26.63	26.35	26.43	999.90	1,030.58	1,027.65	1,036.06
Private service-providing	27.81	29.60	29.18	29.22	923.29	1,000.48	980.45	978.87
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24.28	25.36	25.06	25.34	827.95	869.85	859.56	861.56
Wholesale trade	31.39	32.49	32.30	32.46	1,217.93	1,234.62	1,233.86	1,246.46
Retail trade	19.73	20.74	20.60	20.99	603.74	647.09	642.72	640.20
Transportation and warehousing	24.95	25.69	25.28	25.40	953.09	971.08	963.17	972.82
Utilities	41.54	43.04	43.33	43.42	1,744.68	1,820.59	1,837.19	1,845.35
Information	42.26	43.61	43.39	44.12	1,529.81	1,591.77	1,579.40	1,601.56
Financial activities	35.93	37.59	37.80	37.80	1,347.38	1,417.14	1,417.50	1,421.28
Professional and business services	33.75	35.40	35.16	35.10	1,218.38	1,288.56	1,276.31	1,274.13
Education and health services	27.64	28.40	28.39	28.45	912.12	934.36	939.71	950.23
Leisure and hospitality	16.59	17.42	17.00	16.86	428.02	451.18	436.90	426.56
Other services	25.21	27.23	26.66	26.58	804.20	890.42	863.78	855.88
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)	Percent change from: June 2020 - July 2020(p)	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)	Percent change from: June 2020 - July 2020(p)
Total private	110.5	97.4	101.2	102.2	1.0	148.2	138.2	141.8	143.6	1.3
Goods-producing	96.3	85.9	88.6	89.7	1.2	126.5	117.0	119.9	121.9	1.7
Mining and logging	106.8	85.3	85.6	85.5	-0.1	146.3	120.8	121.0	120.6	-0.3
Construction	101.1	94.0	96.2	96.5	0.3	135.1	128.7	132.2	133.0	0.6
Manufacturing	93.4	81.7	84.8	86.5	2.0	120.5	110.2	112.9	115.9	2.7
Durable goods	92.9	79.2	83.0	85.1	2.5	120.4	107.3	110.6	114.2	3.3
Nondurable goods	94.4	86.2	88.1	88.8	0.8	121.0	116.4	117.8	119.1	1.1
Private service-providing	114.7	100.5	104.5	105.7	1.1	155.0	144.6	148.2	150.2	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103.0	93.0	96.7	96.9	0.2	134.9	127.2	130.7	132.4	1.3
Wholesale trade	101.1	93.2	94.8	95.2	0.4	132.7	126.7	128.0	129.2	0.9
Retail trade	97.0	86.6	91.9	91.4	-0.5	126.5	118.7	125.1	126.8	1.4
Transportation and warehousing	123.4	110.4	113.2	114.6	1.2	156.6	144.3	145.6	148.1	1.7
Utilities	99.9	99.0	98.6	98.9	0.3	137.1	140.7	141.2	141.9	0.5
Information	94.6	85.6	85.7	85.0	-0.8	142.4	133.0	132.5	133.5	0.8
Financial activities	107.5	106.0	105.8	106.3	0.5	150.7	155.5	155.9	156.7	0.5
Professional and business services	120.8	110.8	112.3	113.3	0.9	165.0	158.8	159.9	161.0	0.7
Education and health services	130.4	119.2	123.0	125.3	1.9	173.4	162.9	168.0	171.5	2.1
Leisure and hospitality	121.7	73.6	87.5	90.4	3.3	162.8	103.4	120.0	123.0	2.5
Other services	108.6	90.8	96.5	98.7	2.3	150.1	135.5	141.0	143.7	1.9
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
Industry	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)
Total nonfarm	75,319	65,388	68,250	69,389	49.9	49.2	49.5	49.7
Total private	62,275	53,186	55,997	56,911	48.5	47.6	48.1	48.2
Goods-producing	4,723	4,333	4,483	4,497	22.4	22.4	22.5	22.6
Mining and logging	97	94	93	93	13.2	14.8	14.8	15.0
Construction	975	933	952	953	13.0	13.3	13.3	13.2
Manufacturing	3,651	3,306	3,438	3,451	28.4	28.2	28.4	28.5
Durable goods	1,944	1,741	1,833	1,840	24.1	24.0	24.2	24.3
Nondurable goods	1,707	1,565	1,605	1,611	35.7	35.1	35.5	35.5
Private service-providing	57,552	48,853	51,514	52,414	53.6	52.9	53.3	53.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,088	9,517	10,075	10,241	40.0	38.3	39.0	39.2
Wholesale trade	1,777.9	1,645.4	1,674.5	1,680.5	30.1	29.6	29.8	29.9
Retail trade	7,741.0	6,512.5	7,017.4	7,174.5	49.6	47.6	48.4	48.6
Transportation and warehousing	1,436.5	1,227.0	1,251.5	1,253.0	25.6	24.1	24.2	24.1
Utilities	132.5	132.5	131.7	132.6	24.1	24.5	24.5	24.7
Information	1,138	1,024	1,037	1,022	39.8	39.9	40.2	39.9
Financial activities	4,958	4,852	4,863	4,872	56.6	56.5	56.5	56.5
Professional and business services	9,725	8,796	8,977	9,103	45.6	45.3	45.5	45.7
Education and health services	18,709	17,039	17,546	17,706	77.3	76.8	77.1	77.1
Leisure and hospitality	8,781	5,194	6,332	6,678	53.1	52.2	53.1	53.3
Other services	3,153	2,431	2,684	2,792	53.4	50.5	52.0	52.5
Government	13,044	12,202	12,253	12,478	57.8	57.4	57.5	57.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]
Industry	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)
Total private	105,604	90,081	94,378	95,748
Goods-producing	15,093	13,609	14,115	14,135
Mining and logging	540	442	438	428
Construction	5,586	5,158	5,291	5,291
Manufacturing	8,967	8,009	8,386	8,416
Durable goods	5,549	4,806	5,131	5,149
Nondurable goods	3,418	3,203	3,255	3,267
Private service-providing	90,511	76,472	80,263	81,613
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,432	20,852	21,730	21,961
Wholesale trade	4,738.1	4,410.6	4,458.7	4,459.2
Retail trade	13,332.0	11,624.0	12,370.0	12,569.6
Transportation and warehousing	4,921.1	4,385.7	4,474.7	4,502.6
Utilities	440.7	431.9	426.4	429.1
Information	2,306	2,028	2,033	2,040
Financial activities	6,768	6,562	6,572	6,582
Professional and business services	17,343	15,446	15,718	15,896
Education and health services	21,261	19,389	19,867	20,084
Leisure and hospitality	14,515	8,319	10,159	10,738
Other services	4,886	3,876	4,184	4,312
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.5	34.1	34.0	34.0
Goods-producing	41.0	39.5	39.8	40.2
Mining and logging	47.2	43.7	44.1	44.2
Construction	39.6	39.4	39.4	39.4
Manufacturing	41.5	39.4	39.8	40.6
Durable goods	41.8	39.4	39.7	40.8
Nondurable goods	40.9	39.4	39.9	40.1
Private service-providing	32.3	33.1	33.0	32.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.7	34.2	34.1	34.1
Wholesale trade	38.6	37.6	37.9	38.1
Retail trade	30.2	31.3	31.0	30.9
Transportation and warehousing	37.7	37.9	38.1	38.5
Utilities	42.0	41.9	42.3	42.6
Information	35.1	35.9	36.1	36.0
Financial activities	36.8	37.0	36.9	37.0
Professional and business services	35.4	35.8	35.8	35.8
Education and health services	32.1	32.1	32.6	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	24.6	24.3	24.2	24.0
Other services	30.8	31.8	31.7	31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.2	3.1	3.2	3.6
Durable goods	4.2	2.9	3.0	3.5
Nondurable goods	4.1	3.5	3.6	3.8
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)
Total private	$23.54	$24.97	$24.74	$24.63	$788.59	$851.48	$841.16	$837.42
Goods-producing	24.74	25.39	25.40	25.48	1,014.34	1,002.91	1,010.92	1,024.30
Mining and logging	29.80	30.72	30.72	30.62	1,406.56	1,342.46	1,354.75	1,353.40
Construction	28.45	28.97	29.31	29.29	1,126.62	1,141.42	1,154.81	1,154.03
Manufacturing	22.19	22.75	22.65	22.87	920.89	896.35	901.47	928.52
Durable goods	23.09	23.61	23.52	23.82	965.16	930.23	933.74	971.86
Nondurable goods	20.68	21.46	21.29	21.33	845.81	845.52	849.47	855.33
Private service-providing	23.29	24.89	24.60	24.45	752.27	823.86	811.80	804.41
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20.68	21.66	21.62	21.26	696.92	740.77	737.24	724.97
Wholesale trade	26.05	26.96	26.84	26.82	1,005.53	1,013.70	1,017.24	1,021.84
Retail trade	16.64	17.87	18.08	17.47	502.53	559.33	560.48	539.82
Transportation and warehousing	22.55	22.91	22.64	22.48	850.14	868.29	862.58	865.48
Utilities	36.75	37.82	38.51	38.51	1,543.50	1,584.66	1,628.97	1,640.53
Information	33.84	35.46	35.75	35.99	1,187.78	1,273.01	1,290.58	1,295.64
Financial activities	27.71	29.09	29.03	29.18	1,019.73	1,076.33	1,071.21	1,079.66
Professional and business services	27.84	29.58	29.28	29.23	985.54	1,058.96	1,048.22	1,046.43
Education and health services	24.39	25.29	25.26	25.24	782.92	811.81	823.48	825.35
Leisure and hospitality	14.49	14.51	14.53	14.50	356.45	352.59	351.63	348.00
Other services	21.37	22.95	22.52	22.43	658.20	729.81	713.88	702.06
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Industry	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)	Percent change from: June 2020 - July 2020(p)	July 2019	May 2020	June 2020(p)	July 2020(p)	Percent change from: June 2020 - July 2020(p)
Total private	117.9	102.4	106.9	108.5	1.5	185.5	170.8	176.8	178.6	1.0
Goods-producing	94.6	82.1	85.8	86.8	1.2	143.3	127.7	133.5	135.5	1.5
Mining and logging	135.4	102.6	102.6	100.5	-2.0	234.7	183.4	183.4	179.0	-2.4
Construction	110.8	101.8	104.4	104.4	0.0	170.1	159.2	165.2	165.1	-0.1
Manufacturing	85.4	72.4	76.6	78.4	2.3	124.0	107.8	113.5	117.3	3.3
Durable goods	87.2	71.2	76.5	78.9	3.1	125.6	104.9	112.4	117.4	4.4
Nondurable goods	82.4	74.4	76.5	77.2	0.9	120.4	112.8	115.1	116.3	1.0
Private service-providing	124.6	107.8	112.9	114.4	1.3	199.0	184.1	190.4	191.9	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	110.4	99.7	103.6	104.7	1.1	163.2	154.4	160.1	159.1	-0.6
Wholesale trade	108.5	98.4	100.3	100.8	0.5	166.9	156.6	158.9	159.6	0.4
Retail trade	101.9	92.1	97.0