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Economic News Release
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CPS CPS Program Links
CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                 USDL-17-1177
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, September 1, 2017

Technical information:
 Household data:     (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:      (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                        THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- AUGUST 2017


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 156,000 in August, and the unemployment
rate was little changed at 4.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. Job gains occurred in manufacturing, construction, professional and technical
services, health care, and mining.

Household Survey Data

In August, the unemployment rate, at 4.4 percent, and the number of unemployed
persons, at 7.1 million, were little changed. After declining earlier in the year,
the unemployment rate has been either 4.3 or 4.4 percent since April. (See
table A-1.)

   ______________________________________________________________________________ 
  |                                                                              |
  |                                Hurricane Harvey                              |
  |                                                                              |
  |Hurricane Harvey had no discernable effect on the employment and unemployment |
  |data for August. Household survey data collection was completed before the    |
  |storm. Establishment survey data collection for this news release was largely |
  |completed prior to the storm, and collection rates were within normal ranges  |
  |nationally and for the affected areas. For information on how unusually severe|
  |weather can affect the employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently     |
  |Asked Questions section of this release.                                      |
  |______________________________________________________________________________|

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.1 percent),
adult women (4.0 percent), teenagers (13.6 percent), Whites (3.9 percent), Blacks
(7.7 percent), Asians (4.0 percent), and Hispanics (5.2 percent) showed little or no
change in August. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially
unchanged in August at 1.7 million and accounted for 24.7 percent of the unemployed.
(See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, was unchanged in August and has
shown little movement on net over the past year. The employment-population ratio,
at 60.1 percent, was little changed over the month and thus far this year. (See
table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 5.3 million in August and
has shown little movement in recent months. These individuals, who would have preferred
full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or
because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In August, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about the
same as a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were
not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had
not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 448,000 discouraged workers in August, down
128,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers
are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available
for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in
August had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 156,000 in August. Job gains occurred in
manufacturing, construction, professional and technical services, health care, and
mining. Employment growth has averaged 176,000 per month thus far this year, about in
line with the average monthly gain of 187,000 in 2016. (See table B-1.)

Manufacturing employment rose by 36,000 in August. Job gains occurred in motor vehicles
and parts (+14,000), fabricated metal products (+5,000), and computer and electronic
products (+4,000). Manufacturing has added 155,000 jobs since a recent employment low
in November 2016.

In August, construction employment rose by 28,000, after showing little change over
the prior 5 months. Employment among residential specialty trade contractors edged up
by 12,000 over the month.

Employment in professional and technical services continued to trend up in August
(+22,000) and has grown by 262,000 over the last 12 months. In August, job gains
occurred in computer systems design and related services (+8,000).

Health care employment continued on an upward trend over the month (+20,000) and has
risen by 328,000 over the year. Employment in hospitals edged up over the month
(+6,000).

Mining continued to add jobs in August (+7,000), with all of the growth in support
activities for mining. Since a recent low in October 2016, employment in mining has
risen by 62,000, or 10 percent.

Employment in food services and drinking places changed little in August (+9,000),
following an increase of 53,000 in July. Over the year, the industry has added
283,000 jobs.

Employment in other major industries, including wholesale trade, retail trade,
transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, and government,
showed little change over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1
hour to 34.4 hours in August. In manufacturing, the workweek declined by 0.2 hour to
40.7 hours, while overtime was unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for
production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 33.7 hours
for the fifth consecutive month. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose
by 3 cents to $26.39, after rising by 9 cents in July. Over the past 12 months, average
hourly earnings have increased by 65 cents, or 2.5 percent. In August, average hourly
earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 4 cents
to $22.12. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down from +231,000
to +210,000, and the change for July was revised down from +209,000 to +189,000. With
these revisions, employment gains in June and July combined were 41,000 less than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the
recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 185,000
per month over the past 3 months.

_____________
The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday,
October 6, 2017, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).


  ___________________________________________________________________________________
 |                                                                                   |
 |   2017 CES Preliminary Benchmark Revision will be released on September 6, 2017   |
 |                                                                                   |
 |Each year, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey estimates are benchmarked|
 |to comprehensive counts of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and  |
 |Wages (QCEW) for the month of March. These counts are derived from state unemploy- |
 |ment insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to file. On |
 |September 6, 2017, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT), the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will  |
 |release the preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision to the  |
 |establishment survey employment series. This is the same day the first-quarter     |
 |2017 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions for all major  |
 |industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private levels, will be       |
 |available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.             |
 |                                                                                   |
 |The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January    |
 |2018 Employment Situation news release in February 2018.                           |
 |___________________________________________________________________________________|




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Change from:
July
2017-
Aug.
2017

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

253,854 254,957 255,151 255,357 206

Civilian labor force

159,508 160,145 160,494 160,571 77

Participation rate

62.8 62.8 62.9 62.9 0.0

Employed

151,655 153,168 153,513 153,439 -74

Employment-population ratio

59.7 60.1 60.2 60.1 -0.1

Unemployed

7,853 6,977 6,981 7,132 151

Unemployment rate

4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 0.1

Not in labor force

94,346 94,813 94,657 94,785 128

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)

4.5 4.0 4.0 4.1 0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)

4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

15.6 13.3 13.2 13.6 0.4

White

4.4 3.8 3.8 3.9 0.1

Black or African American

8.1 7.1 7.4 7.7 0.3

Asian

4.2 3.6 3.8 4.0 0.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

5.7 4.8 5.1 5.2 0.1

Total, 25 years and over

4.1 3.7 3.6 3.8 0.2

Less than a high school diploma

7.3 6.4 6.9 6.0 -0.9

High school graduates, no college

5.1 4.6 4.5 5.1 0.6

Some college or associate degree

4.2 3.8 3.7 3.8 0.1

Bachelor's degree and higher

2.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

3,777 3,444 3,378 3,523 145

Job leavers

893 820 757 804 47

Reentrants

2,284 2,043 2,083 2,132 49

New entrants

853 682 703 656 -47

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,318 2,305 2,133 2,222 89

5 to 14 weeks

2,308 1,933 2,017 2,015 -2

15 to 26 weeks

1,080 948 957 1,055 98

27 weeks and over

1,997 1,664 1,785 1,740 -45

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

6,027 5,326 5,282 5,255 -27

Slack work or business conditions

3,736 3,286 3,161 3,266 105

Could only find part-time work

1,907 1,727 1,754 1,645 -109

Part time for noneconomic reasons

20,575 20,791 21,260 21,447 187

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force

1,713 1,582 1,629 1,548 -

Discouraged workers

576 514 536 448 -

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

176 210 189 156

Total private

143 207 202 165

Goods-producing

-24 42 23 70

Mining and logging

-3 6 0 6

Construction

-4 15 -3 28

Manufacturing

-17 21 26 36

Durable goods(1)

-20 19 19 28

Motor vehicles and parts

-8.8 2.9 5.3 13.7

Nondurable goods

3 2 7 8

Private service-providing

167 165 179 95

Wholesale trade

3.0 11.9 6.1 6.3

Retail trade

16.7 -3.7 -1.9 0.8

Transportation and warehousing

18.5 5.6 1.6 1.9

Utilities

-0.6 0.8 -0.6 -0.5

Information

0 -1 -4 -8

Financial activities

15 15 10 10

Professional and business services(1)

31 44 50 40

Temporary help services

1.0 11.1 10.1 0.1

Education and health services(1)

53 40 54 25

Health care and social assistance

39.7 50.6 43.5 16.6

Leisure and hospitality

21 38 58 4

Other services

10 14 6 16

Government

33 3 -13 -9

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

255 187 181 185

Total private

220 185 187 191

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.6 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private women employees

48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

82.3 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.3 34.5 34.5 34.4

Average hourly earnings

$25.74 $26.27 $26.36 $26.39

Average weekly earnings

$882.88 $906.32 $909.42 $907.82

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

105.3 107.4 107.6 107.4

Over-the-month percent change

-0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

129.6 134.9 135.6 135.5

Over-the-month percent change

-0.1 0.7 0.5 -0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (261 industries)

55.7 64.9 64.9 63.8

Manufacturing (78 industries)

42.3 60.3 62.2 73.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 634,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Aug.
2016
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Apr.
2017
May
2017
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

253,854 255,151 255,357 253,854 254,588 254,767 254,957 255,151 255,357

Civilian labor force

159,800 161,911 160,863 159,508 160,213 159,784 160,145 160,494 160,571

Participation rate

62.9 63.5 63.0 62.8 62.9 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.9

Employed

151,804 154,470 153,576 151,655 153,156 152,923 153,168 153,513 153,439

Employment-population ratio

59.8 60.5 60.1 59.7 60.2 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.1

Unemployed

7,996 7,441 7,287 7,853 7,056 6,861 6,977 6,981 7,132

Unemployment rate

5.0 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4

Not in labor force

94,054 93,240 94,494 94,346 94,375 94,983 94,813 94,657 94,785

Persons who currently want a job

5,824 5,713 5,852 5,841 5,707 5,561 5,431 5,420 5,844

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

122,656 123,311 123,413 122,656 123,032 123,120 123,215 123,311 123,413

Civilian labor force

85,416 86,212 85,633 84,902 85,175 84,896 84,992 84,989 85,137

Participation rate

69.6 69.9 69.4 69.2 69.2 69.0 69.0 68.9 69.0

Employed

81,365 82,484 81,975 80,669 81,419 81,290 81,290 81,273 81,310

Employment-population ratio

66.3 66.9 66.4 65.8 66.2 66.0 66.0 65.9 65.9

Unemployed

4,052 3,728 3,659 4,234 3,755 3,606 3,702 3,715 3,826

Unemployment rate

4.7 4.3 4.3 5.0 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5

Not in labor force

37,240 37,099 37,780 37,754 37,857 38,224 38,223 38,323 38,277

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

114,173 114,817 114,918 114,173 114,538 114,627 114,721 114,817 114,918

Civilian labor force

82,048 82,656 82,474 81,835 82,091 81,942 81,975 82,108 82,252

Participation rate

71.9 72.0 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.5 71.5 71.5 71.6

Employed

78,562 79,457 79,255 78,142 78,838 78,801 78,707 78,830 78,847

Employment-population ratio

68.8 69.2 69.0 68.4 68.8 68.7 68.6 68.7 68.6

Unemployed

3,487 3,199 3,219 3,693 3,253 3,141 3,268 3,278 3,405

Unemployment rate

4.2 3.9 3.9 4.5 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1

Not in labor force

32,124 32,161 32,445 32,338 32,447 32,685 32,746 32,709 32,666

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

131,198 131,840 131,943 131,198 131,556 131,647 131,742 131,840 131,943

Civilian labor force

74,384 75,699 75,230 74,605 75,038 74,887 75,153 75,505 75,435

Participation rate

56.7 57.4 57.0 56.9 57.0 56.9 57.0 57.3 57.2

Employed

70,439 71,986 71,601 70,986 71,737 71,633 71,878 72,240 72,129

Employment-population ratio

53.7 54.6 54.3 54.1 54.5 54.4 54.6 54.8 54.7

Unemployed

3,945 3,713 3,628 3,619 3,301 3,255 3,274 3,265 3,306

Unemployment rate

5.3 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4

Not in labor force

56,814 56,141 56,713 56,593 56,518 56,759 56,590 56,334 56,509

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

122,949 123,577 123,679 122,949 123,296 123,386 123,480 123,577 123,679

Civilian labor force

71,290 72,127 72,045 71,674 72,136 71,988 72,149 72,526 72,425

Participation rate

58.0 58.4 58.3 58.3 58.5 58.3 58.4 58.7 58.6

Employed

67,776 68,860 68,835 68,452 69,213 69,105 69,241 69,599 69,500

Employment-population ratio

55.1 55.7 55.7 55.7 56.1 56.0 56.1 56.3 56.2

Unemployed

3,514 3,267 3,210 3,223 2,922 2,883 2,907 2,927 2,925

Unemployment rate

4.9 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

Not in labor force

51,660 51,450 51,634 51,275 51,161 51,398 51,332 51,051 51,254

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,732 16,757 16,759 16,732 16,754 16,754 16,756 16,757 16,759

Civilian labor force

6,462 7,128 6,344 5,999 5,986 5,854 6,021 5,860 5,895

Participation rate

38.6 42.5 37.9 35.9 35.7 34.9 35.9 35.0 35.2

Employed

5,466 6,154 5,487 5,062 5,105 5,017 5,220 5,084 5,092

Employment-population ratio

32.7 36.7 32.7 30.3 30.5 29.9 31.2 30.3 30.4

Unemployed

996 974 858 937 881 837 801 775 803

Unemployment rate

15.4 13.7 13.5 15.6 14.7 14.3 13.3 13.2 13.6

Not in labor force

10,270 9,629 10,415 10,733 10,768 10,901 10,735 10,898 10,865

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Aug.
2016
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Apr.
2017
May
2017
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

198,380 198,974 199,082 198,380 198,685 198,775 198,872 198,974 199,082

Civilian labor force

124,998 126,046 125,280 124,736 124,925 124,481 124,890 124,968 125,037

Participation rate

63.0 63.3 62.9 62.9 62.9 62.6 62.8 62.8 62.8

Employed

119,477 121,029 120,365 119,269 120,142 119,896 120,091 120,262 120,209

Employment-population ratio

60.2 60.8 60.5 60.1 60.5 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.4

Unemployed

5,521 5,017 4,915 5,466 4,783 4,585 4,799 4,706 4,828

Unemployment rate

4.4 4.0 3.9 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9

Not in labor force

73,382 72,928 73,802 73,644 73,760 74,294 73,982 74,006 74,046

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

65,401 65,555 65,455 65,207 65,306 65,217 65,225 65,141 65,262

Participation rate

72.1 72.1 71.9 71.9 71.9 71.8 71.8 71.6 71.7

Employed

62,883 63,394 63,281 62,536 63,053 62,999 62,886 62,904 62,961

Employment-population ratio

69.4 69.7 69.5 69.0 69.4 69.3 69.2 69.2 69.2

Unemployed

2,518 2,161 2,174 2,671 2,253 2,218 2,339 2,238 2,301

Unemployment rate

3.8 3.3 3.3 4.1 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

54,566 55,081 54,980 54,863 54,983 54,785 55,015 55,393 55,282

Participation rate

57.2 57.6 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.3 57.5 57.9 57.7

Employed

52,245 52,839 52,797 52,720 53,049 52,927 53,100 53,420 53,286

Employment-population ratio

54.8 55.2 55.2 55.3 55.5 55.4 55.5 55.8 55.7

Unemployed

2,321 2,242 2,183 2,143 1,935 1,858 1,915 1,973 1,996

Unemployment rate

4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

5,031 5,411 4,845 4,665 4,635 4,479 4,650 4,433 4,492

Participation rate

40.7 43.8 39.3 37.8 37.5 36.3 37.7 35.9 36.4

Employed

4,349 4,796 4,288 4,013 4,040 3,970 4,105 3,938 3,962

Employment-population ratio

35.2 38.9 34.7 32.5 32.7 32.2 33.3 31.9 32.1

Unemployed

682 615 557 652 595 508 545 495 530

Unemployment rate

13.6 11.4 11.5 14.0 12.8 11.4 11.7 11.2 11.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

31,945 32,260 32,296 31,945 32,161 32,193 32,226 32,260 32,296

Civilian labor force

19,840 20,309 20,142 19,767 20,110 20,075 20,002 20,096 20,092

Participation rate

62.1 63.0 62.4 61.9 62.5 62.4 62.1 62.3 62.2

Employed

18,167 18,719 18,542 18,170 18,514 18,560 18,576 18,617 18,544

Employment-population ratio

56.9 58.0 57.4 56.9 57.6 57.7 57.6 57.7 57.4

Unemployed

1,673 1,590 1,600 1,597 1,597 1,515 1,426 1,479 1,548

Unemployment rate

8.4 7.8 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.5 7.1 7.4 7.7

Not in labor force

12,106 11,951 12,154 12,178 12,051 12,118 12,224 12,163 12,204

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

8,960 9,250 9,214 8,950 9,169 9,063 9,084 9,163 9,205

Participation rate

67.3 68.7 68.3 67.3 68.3 67.5 67.5 68.0 68.2

Employed

8,298 8,598 8,521 8,269 8,496 8,475 8,510 8,522 8,487

Employment-population ratio

62.4 63.8 63.2 62.2 63.3 63.1 63.3 63.3 62.9

Unemployed

661 652 693 680 673 588 574 641 718

Unemployment rate

7.4 7.0 7.5 7.6 7.3 6.5 6.3 7.0 7.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,025 10,118 10,108 10,025 10,168 10,224 10,143 10,170 10,127

Participation rate

62.2 62.2 62.0 62.2 62.7 62.9 62.4 62.5 62.1

Employed

9,249 9,420 9,405 9,316 9,470 9,513 9,455 9,511 9,474

Employment-population ratio

57.4 57.9 57.7 57.8 58.4 58.6 58.1 58.4 58.1

Unemployed

776 698 703 709 698 712 689 660 653

Unemployment rate

7.7 6.9 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

855 941 820 792 773 787 774 763 760

Participation rate

34.0 37.5 32.7 31.5 30.8 31.3 30.8 30.4 30.3

Employed

619 701 617 585 547 572 611 585 583

Employment-population ratio

24.6 27.9 24.6 23.3 21.8 22.8 24.3 23.3 23.2

Unemployed

236 239 204 207 226 215 163 178 178

Unemployment rate

27.6 25.4 24.8 26.2 29.3 27.3 21.1 23.3 23.4

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

15,304 15,290 15,341 15,304 15,389 15,433 15,367 15,290 15,341

Civilian labor force

9,705 9,866 9,894 9,702 9,761 9,826 9,792 9,789 9,886

Participation rate

63.4 64.5 64.5 63.4 63.4 63.7 63.7 64.0 64.4

Employed

9,298 9,467 9,498 9,293 9,446 9,471 9,443 9,418 9,489

Employment-population ratio

60.8 61.9 61.9 60.7 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.6 61.9

Unemployed

406 398 396 409 316 356 350 370 397

Unemployment rate

4.2 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.0

Not in labor force

5,600 5,424 5,446 5,603 5,628 5,607 5,575 5,502 5,455

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Aug.
2016
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Apr.
2017
May
2017
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

40,825 41,404 41,492 40,825 41,162 41,241 41,323 41,404 41,492

Civilian labor force

27,007 27,677 27,335 26,988 27,241 27,239 27,290 27,487 27,322

Participation rate

66.2 66.8 65.9 66.1 66.2 66.0 66.0 66.4 65.8

Employed

25,483 26,204 25,922 25,460 25,832 25,833 25,974 26,078 25,914

Employment-population ratio

62.4 63.3 62.5 62.4 62.8 62.6 62.9 63.0 62.5

Unemployed

1,524 1,473 1,413 1,528 1,410 1,405 1,315 1,409 1,408

Unemployment rate

5.6 5.3 5.2 5.7 5.2 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.2

Not in labor force

13,818 13,727 14,157 13,838 13,921 14,003 14,034 13,917 14,170

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

14,912 15,146 15,038 14,895 14,927 14,936 14,976 15,085 15,017

Participation rate

81.0 81.2 80.5 80.9 80.5 80.4 80.5 80.9 80.4

Employed

14,252 14,537 14,367 14,176 14,297 14,304 14,414 14,425 14,298

Employment-population ratio

77.4 78.0 76.9 77.0 77.1 77.0 77.5 77.4 76.5

Unemployed

660 609 670 719 630 632 562 660 719

Unemployment rate

4.4 4.0 4.5 4.8 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.4 4.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,903 11,121 11,028 10,957 11,086 11,062 11,030 11,176 11,091

Participation rate

58.5 58.8 58.2 58.8 59.0 58.7 58.4 59.1 58.5

Employed

10,238 10,486 10,481 10,322 10,493 10,461 10,451 10,580 10,570

Employment-population ratio

54.9 55.4 55.3 55.4 55.8 55.5 55.4 55.9 55.8

Unemployed

665 635 547 635 593 601 579 596 521

Unemployment rate

6.1 5.7 5.0 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 4.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,193 1,410 1,269 1,136 1,228 1,240 1,284 1,227 1,214

Participation rate

31.5 36.7 32.9 30.0 32.1 32.3 33.4 31.9 31.5

Employed

994 1,182 1,073 962 1,042 1,068 1,110 1,073 1,046

Employment-population ratio

26.2 30.7 27.9 25.4 27.2 27.8 28.9 27.9 27.1

Unemployed

199 229 196 174 186 172 174 154 169

Unemployment rate

16.7 16.2 15.4 15.3 15.2 13.9 13.6 12.5 13.9

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2016
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Apr.
2017
May
2017
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

10,648 10,403 10,499 10,789 10,041 10,299 10,304 10,570 10,565

Participation rate

45.8 46.5 45.9 46.4 44.7 45.1 45.3 47.3 46.2

Employed

9,922 9,695 9,924 10,006 9,385 9,671 9,649 9,842 9,933

Employment-population ratio

42.7 43.4 43.4 43.0 41.8 42.3 42.4 44.0 43.4

Unemployed

726 708 575 783 656 628 655 728 632

Unemployment rate

6.8 6.8 5.5 7.3 6.5 6.1 6.4 6.9 6.0

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

36,029 35,451 36,098 35,796 36,032 35,909 35,850 35,648 35,931

Participation rate

57.5 57.4 57.9 57.1 57.7 57.6 57.8 57.7 57.6

Employed

34,231 33,852 34,278 33,984 34,374 34,211 34,196 34,038 34,106

Employment-population ratio

54.6 54.8 55.0 54.2 55.1 54.9 55.2 55.1 54.7

Unemployed

1,798 1,599 1,821 1,812 1,658 1,697 1,653 1,610 1,825

Unemployment rate

5.0 4.5 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 5.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

37,381 37,485 37,076 37,612 37,850 37,433 37,579 37,475 37,388

Participation rate

66.2 65.4 65.3 66.6 65.8 65.9 65.6 65.4 65.9

Employed

35,743 36,033 35,617 36,023 36,465 35,941 36,150 36,077 35,978

Employment-population ratio

63.3 62.9 62.7 63.8 63.4 63.3 63.1 63.0 63.4

Unemployed

1,638 1,451 1,458 1,589 1,385 1,492 1,429 1,397 1,411

Unemployment rate

4.4 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

53,645 55,465 55,222 54,053 54,764 55,039 55,283 55,696 55,595

Participation rate

73.5 73.4 73.4 74.1 74.0 73.8 73.9 73.7 73.9

Employed

52,032 54,000 53,720 52,600 53,426 53,760 53,982 54,378 54,250

Employment-population ratio

71.3 71.5 71.4 72.1 72.2 72.1 72.2 72.0 72.1

Unemployed

1,613 1,465 1,503 1,453 1,338 1,278 1,302 1,318 1,345

Unemployment rate

3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

20,857 20,532 18,842 18,500 2,015 2,032

Civilian labor force

10,522 10,204 9,274 8,955 1,248 1,250

Participation rate

50.4 49.7 49.2 48.4 61.9 61.5

Employed

10,069 9,830 8,909 8,648 1,160 1,183

Employment-population ratio

48.3 47.9 47.3 46.7 57.6 58.2

Unemployed

453 374 365 307 87 67

Unemployment rate

4.3 3.7 3.9 3.4 7.0 5.4

Not in labor force

10,335 10,328 9,568 9,545 767 782

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,846 4,114 3,182 3,379 664 735

Civilian labor force

3,154 3,322 2,651 2,777 503 545

Participation rate

82.0 80.7 83.3 82.2 75.7 74.2

Employed

3,007 3,183 2,541 2,678 466 505

Employment-population ratio

78.2 77.4 79.9 79.3 70.2 68.7

Unemployed

147 139 110 99 37 40

Unemployment rate

4.7 4.2 4.2 3.5 7.3 7.4

Not in labor force

692 792 531 603 161 190

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,431 3,376 2,893 2,875 538 501

Civilian labor force

2,740 2,677 2,336 2,293 403 384

Participation rate

79.9 79.3 80.8 79.8 75.0 76.5

Employed

2,612 2,609 2,241 2,239 371 369

Employment-population ratio

76.1 77.3 77.5 77.9 69.0 73.7

Unemployed

127 68 95 54 32 14

Unemployment rate

4.7 2.5 4.1 2.4 8.0 3.7

Not in labor force

691 699 557 582 134 118

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

8,439 8,020 8,137 7,730 302 290

Civilian labor force

2,102 1,811 2,015 1,753 86 58

Participation rate

24.9 22.6 24.8 22.7 28.5 20.0

Employed

2,023 1,720 1,942 1,666 81 54

Employment-population ratio

24.0 21.5 23.9 21.6 27.0 18.8

Unemployed

78 91 73 87 5 4

Unemployment rate

3.7 5.0 3.6 5.0 5.5 -

Not in labor force

6,337 6,209 6,122 5,977 216 232

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,141 5,022 4,630 4,516 511 506

Civilian labor force

2,526 2,395 2,271 2,132 255 263

Participation rate

49.1 47.7 49.0 47.2 49.9 52.0

Employed

2,426 2,318 2,184 2,065 242 254

Employment-population ratio

47.2 46.2 47.2 45.7 47.3 50.2

Unemployed

100 76 87 67 14 9

Unemployment rate

4.0 3.2 3.8 3.1 5.3 3.5

Not in labor force

2,615 2,627 2,359 2,384 256 243

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

224,047 225,806 99,310 100,305 124,737 125,501

Civilian labor force

146,871 148,156 74,927 75,497 71,943 72,659

Participation rate

65.6 65.6 75.4 75.3 57.7 57.9

Employed

139,716 141,595 71,440 72,300 68,276 69,295

Employment-population ratio

62.4 62.7 71.9 72.1 54.7 55.2

Unemployed

7,155 6,561 3,487 3,198 3,667 3,364

Unemployment rate

4.9 4.4 4.7 4.2 5.1 4.6

Not in labor force

77,176 77,650 24,383 24,808 52,793 52,842

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

30,253 30,547 223,601 224,810

Civilian labor force

6,004 6,276 153,796 154,587

Participation rate

19.8 20.5 68.8 68.8

Employed

5,325 5,750 146,479 147,826

Employment-population ratio

17.6 18.8 65.5 65.8

Unemployed

679 526 7,317 6,761

Unemployment rate

11.3 8.4 4.8 4.4

Not in labor force

24,249 24,271 69,806 70,223

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,729 2,798 77,468 77,501

Participation rate

33.9 35.4 83.2 83.1

Employed

2,433 2,544 73,900 74,271

Employment-population ratio

30.3 32.2 79.4 79.6

Unemployed

296 254 3,568 3,230

Unemployment rate

10.8 9.1 4.6 4.2

Not in labor force

5,312 5,101 15,640 15,784

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,167 2,321 68,096 68,708

Participation rate

28.0 29.6 70.4 71.1

Employed

1,854 2,097 64,667 65,459

Employment-population ratio

23.9 26.7 66.8 67.7

Unemployed

313 224 3,429 3,249

Unemployment rate

14.5 9.7 5.0 4.7

Not in labor force

5,579 5,518 28,661 27,918

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,108 1,157 8,232 8,378

Participation rate

7.7 7.8 24.4 24.0

Employed

1,038 1,109 7,912 8,096

Employment-population ratio

7.2 7.5 23.5 23.2

Unemployed

70 48 320 282

Unemployment rate

6.3 4.1 3.9 3.4

Not in labor force

13,358 13,652 25,505 26,521

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

41,768 41,630 20,210 20,232 21,558 21,398

Civilian labor force

27,336 27,673 15,888 15,798 11,449 11,875

Participation rate

65.4 66.5 78.6 78.1 53.1 55.5

Employed

26,134 26,520 15,367 15,190 10,766 11,330

Employment-population ratio

62.6 63.7 76.0 75.1 49.9 52.9

Unemployed

1,203 1,153 520 607 683 545

Unemployment rate

4.4 4.2 3.3 3.8 6.0 4.6

Not in labor force

14,432 13,957 4,323 4,434 10,109 9,523

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

212,086 213,726 102,446 103,182 109,640 110,545

Civilian labor force

132,464 133,190 69,529 69,836 62,935 63,355

Participation rate

62.5 62.3 67.9 67.7 57.4 57.3

Employed

125,670 127,056 65,997 66,784 59,673 60,271

Employment-population ratio

59.3 59.4 64.4 64.7 54.4 54.5

Unemployed

6,793 6,134 3,531 3,051 3,262 3,083

Unemployment rate

5.1 4.6 5.1 4.4 5.2 4.9

Not in labor force

79,622 80,536 32,917 33,346 46,705 47,190

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2016
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Apr.
2017
May
2017
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,718 2,506 2,508 2,505 2,646 2,507 2,457 2,317 2,339

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,783 1,739 1,750 1,597 1,730 1,645 1,611 1,582 1,584

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

915 737 745 874 879 833 818 708 722

Unpaid family workers

20 30 13 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

149,086 151,964 151,068 149,170 150,481 150,417 150,848 151,208 151,143

Wage and salary workers(1)

140,323 143,372 142,368 140,431 141,931 141,849 141,989 142,714 142,466

Government

20,065 20,161 20,479 20,701 20,683 20,772 20,868 21,052 21,080

Private industries

120,258 123,211 121,889 119,682 121,281 121,096 121,053 121,627 121,366

Private households

763 686 670 - - - - - -

Other industries

119,495 122,525 121,220 118,932 120,592 120,441 120,457 120,964 120,712

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,661 8,538 8,631 8,631 8,489 8,550 8,753 8,475 8,602

Unpaid family workers

101 54 69 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

5,963 5,475 5,204 6,027 5,272 5,219 5,326 5,282 5,255

Slack work or business conditions

3,620 3,233 3,214 3,736 3,174 3,082 3,286 3,161 3,266

Could only find part-time work

1,885 1,763 1,564 1,907 1,802 1,789 1,727 1,754 1,645

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

18,495 19,707 19,405 20,575 20,700 21,020 20,791 21,260 21,447

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

5,845 5,430 5,130 5,903 5,197 5,154 5,282 5,231 5,179

Slack work or business conditions

3,531 3,214 3,158 3,599 3,130 3,045 3,249 3,137 3,217

Could only find part-time work

1,878 1,748 1,558 1,903 1,781 1,776 1,720 1,739 1,633

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

18,135 19,385 19,066 20,261 20,349 20,677 20,443 20,909 21,087

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2016
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Apr.
2017
May
2017
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

151,804 154,470 153,576 151,655 153,156 152,923 153,168 153,513 153,439

16 to 19 years

5,466 6,154 5,487 5,062 5,105 5,017 5,220 5,084 5,092

16 to 17 years

2,019 2,316 2,151 1,814 1,884 1,888 1,931 1,816 1,918

18 to 19 years

3,447 3,837 3,336 3,243 3,244 3,145 3,285 3,265 3,165

20 years and over

146,338 148,317 148,089 146,593 148,051 147,906 147,949 148,429 148,347

20 to 24 years

14,410 14,737 14,551 14,138 14,247 14,177 13,992 14,199 14,209

25 years and over

131,927 133,580 133,538 132,473 133,741 133,647 134,010 134,349 134,125

25 to 54 years

97,691 98,476 98,289 97,912 98,649 98,481 98,666 98,906 98,559

25 to 34 years

33,897 34,376 34,242 33,944 34,413 34,160 34,404 34,500 34,310

35 to 44 years

31,353 31,728 31,770 31,410 31,745 31,794 31,913 31,889 31,824

45 to 54 years

32,440 32,371 32,277 32,558 32,491 32,527 32,349 32,517 32,425

55 years and over

34,236 35,104 35,249 34,560 35,092 35,166 35,344 35,442 35,566

Men, 16 years and over

81,365 82,484 81,975 80,669 81,419 81,290 81,290 81,273 81,310

16 to 19 years

2,803 3,028 2,720 2,527 2,581 2,489 2,583 2,443 2,463

16 to 17 years

1,016 1,068 1,027 882 957 884 893 798 883

18 to 19 years

1,787 1,960 1,693 1,642 1,631 1,614 1,677 1,643 1,574

20 years and over

78,562 79,457 79,255 78,142 78,838 78,801 78,707 78,830 78,847

20 to 24 years

7,462 7,745 7,627 7,223 7,293 7,335 7,240 7,351 7,369

25 years and over

71,100 71,711 71,628 70,907 71,532 71,422 71,488 71,551 71,470

25 to 54 years

52,621 52,875 52,686 52,426 52,770 52,678 52,657 52,692 52,531

25 to 34 years

18,309 18,557 18,482 18,240 18,426 18,362 18,425 18,473 18,420

35 to 44 years

17,065 17,184 17,141 17,004 17,217 17,169 17,226 17,129 17,085

45 to 54 years

17,247 17,135 17,063 17,182 17,127 17,147 17,006 17,091 17,026

55 years and over

18,479 18,836 18,942 18,481 18,762 18,743 18,831 18,858 18,939

Women, 16 years and over

70,439 71,986 71,601 70,986 71,737 71,633 71,878 72,240 72,129

16 to 19 years

2,663 3,126 2,767 2,535 2,524 2,528 2,637 2,641 2,629

16 to 17 years

1,003 1,248 1,124 932 927 1,004 1,038 1,018 1,036

18 to 19 years

1,660 1,878 1,643 1,601 1,614 1,531 1,608 1,621 1,591

20 years and over

67,776 68,860 68,835 68,452 69,213 69,105 69,241 69,599 69,500

20 to 24 years

6,949 6,991 6,925 6,915 6,954 6,842 6,752 6,849 6,841

25 years and over

60,827 61,869 61,910 61,565 62,209 62,226 62,522 62,798 62,655

25 to 54 years

45,070 45,600 45,603 45,486 45,879 45,803 46,010 46,214 46,027

25 to 34 years

15,588 15,819 15,760 15,704 15,987 15,798 15,980 16,027 15,890

35 to 44 years

14,288 14,544 14,630 14,406 14,528 14,624 14,687 14,760 14,739

45 to 54 years

15,193 15,236 15,213 15,376 15,364 15,380 15,343 15,427 15,399

55 years and over

15,758 16,269 16,307 16,079 16,330 16,423 16,513 16,584 16,628

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

45,538 45,484 45,370 45,441 46,029 45,784 45,913 45,574 45,327

Married women, spouse present(1)

34,881 35,152 34,966 35,354 35,918 36,121 35,803 35,946 35,475

Women who maintain families(2)

9,627 9,654 9,573 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

125,892 127,542 127,353 124,256 125,987 125,620 125,975 125,921 125,755

Part-time workers(4)

25,912 26,929 26,223 27,222 27,233 27,366 27,142 27,535 27,569

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,234 7,303 6,961 7,573 7,683 7,589 7,639 7,589 7,346

Percent of total employed

4.8 4.7 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

5,342 5,752 5,829 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,577 9,275 9,376 9,504 9,368 9,383 9,571 9,183 9,325

Footnotes
(1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Aug.
2016
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Apr.
2017
May
2017
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

7,853 6,981 7,132 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4

16 to 19 years

937 775 803 15.6 14.7 14.3 13.3 13.2 13.6

16 to 17 years

367 332 329 16.8 16.8 13.1 13.9 15.5 14.7

18 to 19 years

575 428 477 15.1 12.5 14.6 13.2 11.6 13.1

20 years and over

6,915 6,205 6,330 4.5 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1

20 to 24 years

1,245 1,133 1,092 8.1 7.3 6.7 7.5 7.4 7.1

25 years and over

5,687 5,078 5,267 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8

25 to 54 years

4,428 3,914 4,090 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0

25 to 34 years

1,869 1,652 1,761 5.2 4.4 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.9

35 to 44 years

1,335 1,184 1,135 4.1 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.4

45 to 54 years

1,224 1,078 1,194 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.6

55 years and over

1,270 1,162 1,165 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2

Men, 16 years and over

4,234 3,715 3,826 5.0 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5

16 to 19 years

541 437 422 17.6 16.3 15.7 14.4 15.2 14.6

16 to 17 years

198 174 156 18.3 15.9 13.7 14.4 17.9 15.0

18 to 19 years

345 254 271 17.4 15.3 16.4 14.8 13.4 14.7

20 years and over

3,693 3,278 3,405 4.5 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1

20 to 24 years

741 642 610 9.3 8.4 7.9 8.4 8.0 7.6

25 years and over

2,948 2,634 2,799 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8

25 to 54 years

2,250 2,068 2,169 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.0

25 to 34 years

965 871 966 5.0 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 5.0

35 to 44 years

670 624 581 3.8 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.3

45 to 54 years

615 573 621 3.5 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.5

55 years and over

697 566 630 3.6 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2

Women, 16 years and over

3,619 3,265 3,306 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4

16 to 19 years

396 338 381 13.5 13.1 12.8 12.2 11.3 12.7

16 to 17 years

169 158 173 15.3 17.6 12.6 13.5 13.5 14.3

18 to 19 years

230 174 207 12.6 9.5 12.6 11.3 9.7 11.5

20 years and over

3,223 2,927 2,925 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

20 to 24 years

504 491 482 6.8 6.1 5.3 6.4 6.7 6.6

25 years and over

2,739 2,444 2,467 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8

25 to 54 years

2,177 1,846 1,921 4.6 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0

25 to 34 years

903 781 794 5.4 4.4 5.1 4.2 4.6 4.8

35 to 44 years

665 560 554 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6

45 to 54 years

609 505 573 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.9 3.2 3.6

55 years and over

564 578 533 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

1,248 1,110 1,217 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.6

Married women, spouse present(1)

1,104 1,060 1,039 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.8

Women who maintain families(2)

821 703 742 7.9 6.0 6.8 6.9 6.8 7.2

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

6,402 5,717 5,861 4.9 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.5

Part-time workers(4)

1,429 1,291 1,271 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.2 4.5 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2016
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Apr.
2017
May
2017
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

3,787 3,519 3,536 3,777 3,538 3,327 3,444 3,378 3,523

On temporary layoff

1,000 1,226 1,051 1,002 934 814 900 1,044 1,032

Not on temporary layoff

2,787 2,293 2,485 2,775 2,604 2,513 2,545 2,334 2,490

Permanent job losers

1,987 1,666 1,788 1,989 1,806 1,741 1,758 1,676 1,799

Persons who completed temporary jobs

800 627 697 786 799 772 787 658 691

Job leavers

967 775 874 893 789 804 820 757 804

Reentrants

2,283 2,206 2,151 2,284 2,032 2,100 2,043 2,083 2,132

New entrants

959 941 725 853 712 656 682 703 656

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

47.4 47.3 48.5 48.4 50.0 48.3 49.3 48.8 49.5

On temporary layoff

12.5 16.5 14.4 12.8 13.2 11.8 12.9 15.1 14.5

Not on temporary layoff

34.9 30.8 34.1 35.5 36.8 36.5 36.4 33.7 35.0

Job leavers

12.1 10.4 12.0 11.4 11.2 11.7 11.7 10.9 11.3

Reentrants

28.5 29.7 29.5 29.3 28.7 30.5 29.2 30.1 30.0

New entrants

12.0 12.6 10.0 10.9 10.1 9.5 9.8 10.2 9.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

Job leavers

0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants

1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

New entrants

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2016
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Apr.
2017
May
2017
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,308 2,364 2,199 2,318 2,335 2,154 2,305 2,133 2,222

5 to 14 weeks

2,746 2,432 2,411 2,308 2,135 1,960 1,933 2,017 2,015

15 weeks and over

2,942 2,645 2,677 3,077 2,734 2,820 2,612 2,742 2,795

15 to 26 weeks

946 843 936 1,080 1,108 1,157 948 957 1,055

27 weeks and over

1,996 1,802 1,741 1,997 1,626 1,663 1,664 1,785 1,740

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

26.7 23.6 23.7 27.4 24.1 24.7 24.7 24.9 24.4

Median duration, in weeks

10.3 9.1 10.1 10.9 10.2 10.4 9.6 10.6 10.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

28.9 31.8 30.2 30.1 32.4 31.1 33.6 30.9 31.6

5 to 14 weeks

34.3 32.7 33.1 30.0 29.6 28.3 28.2 29.3 28.7

15 weeks and over

36.8 35.5 36.7 39.9 38.0 40.7 38.1 39.8 39.7

15 to 26 weeks

11.8 11.3 12.8 14.0 15.4 16.7 13.8 13.9 15.0

27 weeks and over

25.0 24.2 23.9 25.9 22.6 24.0 24.3 25.9 24.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017

Total, 16 years and over(1)

151,804 153,576 7,996 7,287 5.0 4.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

58,526 59,559 1,869 1,731 3.1 2.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

24,668 25,085 641 611 2.5 2.4

Professional and related occupations

33,858 34,474 1,227 1,120 3.5 3.1

Service occupations

27,943 27,582 1,643 1,554 5.6 5.3

Sales and office occupations

33,123 33,730 1,522 1,422 4.4 4.0

Sales and related occupations

15,646 15,616 793 691 4.8 4.2

Office and administrative support occupations

17,477 18,114 729 730 4.0 3.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14,359 14,413 773 772 5.1 5.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

1,246 1,244 67 75 5.1 5.7

Construction and extraction occupations

8,116 8,256 513 520 5.9 5.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,996 4,913 193 177 3.7 3.5

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

17,854 18,293 1,217 1,064 6.4 5.5

Production occupations

8,225 8,248 480 497 5.5 5.7

Transportation and material moving occupations

9,629 10,045 737 567 7.1 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017

Total, 16 years and over(1)

7,996 7,287 5.0 4.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

5,820 5,399 4.6 4.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

42 31 5.4 4.5

Construction

454 448 5.1 4.7

Manufacturing

652 596 4.2 3.9

Durable goods

415 371 4.2 3.9

Nondurable goods

237 225 4.1 4.0

Wholesale and retail trade

985 919 4.9 4.6

Transportation and utilities

331 320 5.0 4.6

Information

130 131 5.0 5.1

Financial activities

269 243 2.8 2.5

Professional and business services

749 783 4.4 4.5

Education and health services

956 880 4.1 3.8

Leisure and hospitality

962 765 6.6 5.2

Other services

290 284 4.2 4.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

67 75 3.7 4.3

Government workers

778 766 3.7 3.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

371 321 3.7 3.3

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2016
July
2017
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Apr.
2017
May
2017
June
2017
July
2017
Aug.
2017

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.8 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

5.0 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

5.3 4.9 4.8 5.3 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

6.0 5.5 5.4 5.9 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

9.7 8.9 8.6 9.7 8.6 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.6

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017
Aug.
2016
Aug.
2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

94,054 94,494 37,240 37,780 56,814 56,713

Persons who currently want a job

5,824 5,852 2,616 2,538 3,208 3,315

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

1,713 1,548 916 832 797 717

Discouraged workers(2)

576 448 349 318 227 129

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,137 1,101 567 513 570 587

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,234 6,961 3,558 3,533 3,676 3,428

Percent of total employed

4.8 4.5 4.4 4.3 5.2 4.8

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

3,991 3,761 2,207 2,113 1,784 1,647

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

2,005 1,804 741 650 1,264 1,154

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

279 334 146 225 133 108

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

897 1,017 438 522 458 494

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)
Change from:
July2017 - Aug.2017(p)

Total nonfarm

144,441 147,421 146,330 146,541 144,633 146,385 146,574 146,730 156

Total private

123,239 125,178 125,286 125,337 122,343 124,065 124,267 124,432 165

Goods-producing

20,075 20,318 20,385 20,481 19,707 20,024 20,047 20,117 70

Mining and logging

670 716 723 728 661 713 713 719 6

Logging

52.8 50.9 51.2 50.6 50.6 50.2 49.5 48.7 -0.8

Mining

617.4 664.9 671.6 677.1 610.8 662.3 663.9 670.4 6.5

Oil and gas extraction

179.7 179.9 180.0 179.7 178.4 178.8 178.2 178.3 0.1

Mining, except oil and gas

182.7 188.9 189.5 189.4 177.9 185.0 185.5 185.1 -0.4

Coal mining

48.8 50.9 50.4 51.0 48.6 50.8 50.7 50.7 0.0

Metal ore mining

39.1 39.3 39.7 39.5 39.0 39.0 39.4 39.3 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

94.8 98.7 99.4 98.9 90.4 95.1 95.5 95.2 -0.3

Support activities for mining

255.0 296.1 302.1 308.0 254.5 298.5 300.2 307.0 6.8

Construction

6,975 7,106 7,145 7,181 6,704 6,893 6,890 6,918 28

Construction of buildings

1,534.6 1,558.4 1,568.3 1,574.4 1,489.9 1,523.5 1,524.3 1,529.6 5.3

Residential building

759.5 778.2 787.3 786.4 737.9 761.2 764.1 765.6 1.5

Nonresidential building

775.1 780.2 781.0 788.0 752.0 762.3 760.2 764.0 3.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction

998.1 1,025.4 1,031.3 1,044.9 935.2 975.9 973.9 980.5 6.6

Specialty trade contractors

4,441.9 4,522.4 4,545.2 4,562.1 4,278.8 4,394.0 4,392.2 4,407.6 15.4

Residential specialty trade contractors

1,935.1 1,996.6 2,003.5 2,010.6 1,859.3 1,931.5 1,931.8 1,943.3 11.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,506.8 2,525.8 2,541.7 2,551.5 2,419.5 2,462.5 2,460.4 2,464.3 3.9

Manufacturing

12,430 12,496 12,517 12,572 12,342 12,418 12,444 12,480 36

Durable goods

7,736 7,802 7,799 7,837 7,703 7,756 7,775 7,803 28

Wood products

396.5 397.9 398.0 399.9 392.0 394.3 394.8 395.8 1.0

Nonmetallic mineral products

414.0 422.5 423.6 424.6 405.4 413.8 415.1 416.3 1.2

Primary metals

375.3 384.7 385.1 386.6 376.0 384.6 385.3 386.4 1.1

Fabricated metal products

1,422.3 1,446.7 1,450.3 1,452.6 1,420.4 1,439.4 1,445.1 1,450.3 5.2

Machinery

1,078.9 1,097.9 1,098.5 1,097.3 1,076.4 1,090.9 1,092.8 1,094.5 1.7

Computer and electronic products

1,051.1 1,043.3 1,044.3 1,048.8 1,045.6 1,038.1 1,038.5 1,042.4 3.9

Computer and peripheral equipment

165.3 163.0 162.8 166.2 163.8 162.2 161.2 164.2 3.0

Communications equipment

85.9 85.6 85.6 85.1 85.6 85.0 85.0 84.8 -0.2

Semiconductors and electronic components

368.1 362.6 363.3 364.1 365.8 360.6 361.4 361.6 0.2

Electronic instruments

396.5 397.9 398.7 399.3 394.9 396.3 397.0 397.8 0.8

Miscellaneous computer and electronic products

35.3 34.2 33.9 34.1 35.4 34.2 33.9 34.0 0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances

382.4 391.5 393.2 394.0 381.1 389.2 390.8 392.7 1.9

Transportation equipment(1)

1,630.3 1,625.4 1,617.5 1,644.1 1,626.9 1,620.3 1,628.9 1,641.2 12.3

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

945.3 947.9 937.9 968.0 942.8 946.0 951.3 965.0 13.7

Furniture and related products

392.7 396.0 394.7 396.1 388.8 393.7 392.7 392.7 0.0

Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing

592.1 595.9 593.9 592.7 590.7 591.7 591.4 591.0 -0.4

Nondurable goods

4,694 4,694 4,718 4,735 4,639 4,662 4,669 4,677 8

Food manufacturing

1,602.8 1,603.5 1,621.4 1,640.8 1,565.1 1,591.8 1,594.2 1,600.8 6.6

Textile mills

113.1 109.9 109.0 109.0 113.3 109.4 109.1 109.1 0.0

Textile product mills

114.4 111.8 111.5 111.9 114.2 111.1 111.4 111.8 0.4

Apparel

130.1 121.2 119.6 118.9 129.9 121.3 121.1 118.9 -2.2

Paper and paper products

372.0 369.5 370.5 371.6 370.4 367.2 368.8 369.9 1.1

Printing and related support activities

445.1 440.3 439.3 438.9 445.2 438.6 438.7 438.9 0.2

Petroleum and coal products

114.2 114.5 115.6 115.7 111.7 112.3 112.6 112.9 0.3

Chemicals

814.8 823.8 825.6 822.2 812.3 819.1 820.0 819.6 -0.4

Plastics and rubber products

702.1 704.4 706.5 708.4 699.4 701.4 702.9 705.5 2.6

Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing

285.4 294.8 298.5 297.4 277.0 289.4 290.4 289.3 -1.1

Private service-providing

103,164 104,860 104,901 104,856 102,636 104,041 104,220 104,315 95

Trade, transportation, and utilities

27,259 27,413 27,376 27,360 27,282 27,377 27,382 27,390 8

Wholesale trade

5,888.4 5,955.4 5,957.6 5,956.6 5,864.2 5,920.0 5,926.1 5,932.4 6.3

Durable goods

2,942.6 2,970.6 2,973.5 2,973.2 2,927.7 2,952.9 2,956.1 2,958.5 2.4

Nondurable goods

2,048.0 2,073.5 2,070.4 2,070.5 2,041.1 2,058.5 2,059.6 2,062.9 3.3

Electronic markets and agents and brokers

897.8 911.3 913.7 912.9 895.4 908.6 910.4 911.0 0.6

Retail trade

15,851.7 15,837.7 15,845.3 15,823.2 15,860.1 15,830.0 15,828.1 15,828.9 0.8

Motor vehicle and parts dealers

1,998.6 2,026.6 2,031.8 2,031.5 1,983.3 2,011.6 2,015.4 2,016.5 1.1

Automobile dealers

1,290.5 1,306.0 1,310.5 1,309.7 1,284.5 1,302.1 1,305.2 1,304.0 -1.2

Other motor vehicle dealers

156.9 166.4 166.3 165.6 150.2 157.1 156.9 158.4 1.5

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores

551.2 554.2 555.0 556.2 548.5 552.4 553.4 554.2 0.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores

475.2 476.9 478.2 480.1 478.8 483.0 483.6 484.8 1.2

Electronics and appliance stores

512.8 494.8 495.3 495.7 527.3 507.0 505.3 505.8 0.5

Building material and garden supply stores

1,286.2 1,348.8 1,326.4 1,305.1 1,279.4 1,286.0 1,291.1 1,295.6 4.5

Food and beverage stores

3,115.1 3,112.5 3,105.6 3,093.6 3,094.7 3,080.7 3,078.1 3,076.9 -1.2

Health and personal care stores

1,048.0 1,049.1 1,046.3 1,042.6 1,050.6 1,051.7 1,050.3 1,048.0 -2.3

Gasoline stations

939.4 951.3 950.5 954.1 924.6 939.5 938.6 939.2 0.6

Clothing and clothing accessories stores

1,343.8 1,315.6 1,322.0 1,325.3 1,344.4 1,341.3 1,330.2 1,327.8 -2.4

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

609.3 583.8 587.4 591.3 620.9 603.5 602.8 601.2 -1.6

General merchandise stores

3,143.8 3,077.9 3,098.9 3,104.5 3,180.2 3,127.4 3,134.2 3,137.1 2.9

Department stores

1,286.0 1,240.3 1,256.4 1,257.2 1,311.6 1,277.2 1,280.2 1,279.6 -0.6

Other general merchandise stores

1,857.8 1,837.6 1,842.5 1,847.3 1,868.6 1,850.1 1,854.0 1,857.4 3.4

Miscellaneous store retailers

846.0 840.3 841.3 837.4 836.1 831.9 830.6 827.4 -3.2

Nonstore retailers

533.5 560.1 561.6 562.0 539.8 566.4 567.9 568.6 0.7

Transportation and warehousing

4,960.9 5,063.2 5,014.8 5,025.2 5,002.7 5,073.0 5,074.6 5,076.5 1.9

Air transportation

483.2 490.5 492.0 492.3 479.5 486.4 487.5 488.7 1.2

Rail transportation

214.4 208.7 207.2 207.2 214.0 208.1 207.0 206.7 -0.3

Water transportation

68.9 67.2 67.6 67.0 66.5 64.7 64.5 64.5 0.0

Truck transportation

1,471.5 1,486.3 1,490.5 1,490.5 1,451.3 1,471.3 1,472.6 1,471.0 -1.6

Transit and ground passenger transportation

427.1 469.3 415.9 412.0 484.3 475.4 473.0 469.8 -3.2

Pipeline transportation

49.2 47.3 47.1 46.2 49.3 47.2 46.8 46.3 -0.5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

47.5 46.0 48.5 47.0 35.3 36.4 36.2 35.6 -0.6

Support activities for transportation

662.1 666.7 669.3 672.1 660.1 665.7 667.9 670.0 2.1

Couriers and messengers

615.7 637.6 630.0 641.8 641.7 665.9 669.0 672.9 3.9

Warehousing and storage

921.3 943.6 946.7 949.1 920.7 951.9 950.1 951.0 0.9

Utilities

558.4 556.6 558.4 555.2 555.4 553.7 553.1 552.6 -0.5

Information

2,790 2,738 2,734 2,721 2,778 2,723 2,719 2,711 -8

Publishing industries, except Internet

736.4 721.0 723.8 721.9 733.1 721.6 720.5 719.1 -1.4

Motion picture and sound recording industries

429.4 410.4 410.1 403.7 421.8 400.7 402.0 397.1 -4.9

Broadcasting, except Internet

268.5 260.3 258.1 257.6 269.3 260.0 258.8 258.3 -0.5

Telecommunications

791.5 766.2 761.1 756.5 791.9 765.0 759.9 757.2 -2.7

Data processing, hosting and related services

300.9 304.9 305.4 303.8 301.0 303.4 304.1 303.5 -0.6

Other information services

262.9 275.2 275.8 277.2 261.2 272.7 273.8 275.5 1.7

Financial activities

8,381 8,505 8,536 8,532 8,315 8,444 8,454 8,464 10

Finance and insurance

6,181.9 6,265.8 6,287.6 6,282.8 6,161.5 6,246.6 6,259.0 6,261.9 2.9

Monetary authorities - central bank

18.6 18.9 19.0 18.8 18.5 18.8 18.8 18.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related
activities

2,629.3 2,668.0 2,676.4 2,679.8 2,618.8 2,659.6 2,664.4 2,668.9 4.5

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,708.6 1,724.6 1,729.0 1,726.5 1,701.0 1,718.5 1,720.0 1,719.5 -0.5

Commercial banking

1,312.8 1,321.2 1,324.4 1,323.2 1,308.2 1,318.5 1,318.7 1,318.8 0.1

Nondepository credit intermediation

613.2 628.3 630.6 631.5 611.8 627.2 629.6 630.4 0.8

Activities related to credit intermediation

307.5 315.1 316.8 321.8 306.0 313.9 314.9 319.0 4.1

Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts

941.6 950.1 959.0 957.3 933.6 945.5 949.9 948.6 -1.3

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,592.4 2,628.8 2,633.2 2,626.9 2,590.6 2,622.7 2,625.9 2,625.6 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,199.0 2,239.0 2,248.0 2,248.8 2,153.0 2,197.0 2,194.9 2,201.7 6.8

Real estate

1,591.7 1,622.9 1,627.9 1,629.6 1,567.2 1,603.9 1,600.2 1,605.0 4.8

Rental and leasing services

583.7 592.4 596.3 595.5 562.4 569.7 571.3 573.3 2.0

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

23.6 23.7 23.8 23.7 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.4 0.0

Professional and business services

20,321 20,861 20,874 20,928 20,196 20,708 20,758 20,798 40

Professional and technical services

8,898.1 9,126.3 9,162.7 9,163.2 8,920.0 9,141.8 9,159.6 9,182.0 22.4

Legal services

1,124.4 1,140.3 1,136.4 1,128.9 1,121.8 1,130.7 1,126.2 1,126.3 0.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services

924.8 942.8 942.4 944.1 988.6 1,002.1 1,004.9 1,006.6 1.7

Architectural and engineering services

1,429.1 1,476.5 1,482.7 1,481.7 1,412.8 1,457.9 1,460.3 1,464.7 4.4

Specialized design services

143.1 141.7 143.3 139.0 142.7 140.8 142.0 139.1 -2.9

Computer systems design and related services

2,013.2 2,049.7 2,068.2 2,075.9 2,004.0 2,053.4 2,058.7 2,066.7 8.0

Management and technical consulting services

1,386.9 1,446.8 1,456.8 1,456.5 1,382.9 1,443.0 1,449.0 1,452.1 3.1

Scientific research and development services

691.9 714.5 716.9 715.4 687.2 705.8 707.5 710.5 3.0

Advertising and related services

493.4 491.9 491.5 492.8 491.3 490.0 489.4 490.2 0.8

Other professional and technical services

691.3 722.1 724.5 728.9 688.8 718.1 721.5 725.9 4.4

Management of companies and enterprises

2,255.1 2,293.3 2,299.9 2,295.1 2,243.8 2,280.6 2,284.1 2,284.2 0.1

Administrative and waste services

9,167.7 9,441.3 9,411.4 9,469.6 9,032.2 9,285.4 9,313.9 9,331.8 17.9

Administrative and support services

8,753.9 9,021.0 8,990.3 9,048.3 8,626.2 8,872.1 8,901.7 8,917.5 15.8

Office administrative services

499.3 526.1 526.1 527.1 497.9 523.3 524.5 525.8 1.3

Facilities support services

140.7 144.3 144.6 144.9 141.1 143.4 144.7 144.7 0.0

Employment services(1)

3,580.6 3,719.7 3,678.1 3,739.2 3,557.6 3,695.7 3,707.8 3,714.8 7.0

Temporary help services

2,929.2 3,046.0 3,005.8 3,055.7 2,911.4 3,027.4 3,037.5 3,037.6 0.1

Business support services

907.8 895.9 899.6 901.1 918.2 907.9 913.1 911.5 -1.6

Travel arrangement and reservation services

220.6 219.0 219.6 219.3 218.2 215.0 216.2 216.8 0.6

Investigation and security services

906.3 914.3 914.5 921.2 902.8 916.2 916.8 918.2 1.4

Services to buildings and dwellings

2,184.6 2,271.6 2,278.3 2,267.5 2,076.0 2,146.0 2,151.7 2,158.2 6.5

Other support services

314.0 330.1 329.5 328.0 314.4 324.6 326.8 327.6 0.8

Waste management and remediation services

413.8 420.3 421.1 421.3 406.0 413.3 412.2 414.3 2.1

Education and health services

22,354 22,894 22,807 22,831 22,697 23,094 23,148 23,173 25

Educational services

3,240.2 3,404.7 3,320.3 3,313.8 3,563.0 3,619.2 3,629.6 3,638.2 8.6

Health care and social assistance

19,113.5 19,489.5 19,486.2 19,517.4 19,134.3 19,475.1 19,518.6 19,535.2 16.6

Health care(3)

15,491.2 15,750.4 15,800.2 15,821.4 15,470.3 15,737.6 15,778.5 15,798.7 20.2

Ambulatory health care services

7,120.1 7,296.2 7,326.8 7,343.4 7,113.3 7,294.0 7,324.4 7,335.4 11.0

Offices of physicians

2,535.4 2,586.9 2,600.4 2,608.8 2,534.3 2,590.2 2,598.5 2,606.0 7.5

Offices of dentists

932.4 946.2 944.8 948.1 928.7 942.6 943.7 944.8 1.1

Offices of other health practitioners

871.2 903.5 906.4 909.7 868.3 902.2 906.3 907.6 1.3

Outpatient care centers

862.8 904.2 911.4 912.8 862.7 903.5 910.4 912.7 2.3

Medical and diagnostic laboratories

263.4 259.0 258.1 258.8 263.8 259.9 257.7 258.7 1.0

Home health care services

1,364.8 1,402.3 1,410.6 1,411.6 1,366.8 1,401.0 1,413.3 1,413.1 -0.2

Other ambulatory health care services

290.1 294.1 295.1 293.6 288.7 294.6 294.6 292.6 -2.0

Hospitals

5,043.1 5,109.8 5,126.1 5,127.8 5,040.8 5,111.6 5,119.0 5,125.4 6.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

3,328.0 3,344.4 3,347.3 3,350.2 3,316.2 3,332.0 3,335.1 3,337.9 2.8

Nursing care facilities

1,648.1 1,642.2 1,640.6 1,642.2 1,643.6 1,636.9 1,635.7 1,637.6 1.9

Residential mental health facilities

615.7 622.5 625.1 623.7 613.7 621.0 622.4 622.0 -0.4

Community care facilities for the elderly

899.4 909.7 911.2 913.0 895.5 906.3 908.7 909.0 0.3

Other residential care facilities

164.8 170.0 170.4 171.3 163.4 167.8 168.2 169.2 1.0

Social assistance

3,622.3 3,739.1 3,686.0 3,696.0 3,664.0 3,737.5 3,740.1 3,736.5 -3.6

Individual and family services

2,243.6 2,317.2 2,312.4 2,304.8 2,245.8 2,306.0 2,311.2 2,307.3 -3.9

Emergency and other relief services

164.0 168.7 168.9 167.5 164.1 167.9 168.6 168.1 -0.5

Vocational rehabilitation services

340.4 343.1 343.6 342.0 337.6 338.6 337.8 338.5 0.7

Child day care services

874.3 910.1 861.1 881.7 916.5 925.0 922.5 922.6 0.1

Leisure and hospitality

16,330 16,618 16,740 16,663 15,673 15,934 15,992 15,996 4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2,535.6 2,580.6 2,640.0 2,569.9 2,245.6 2,275.1 2,281.4 2,278.0 -3.4

Performing arts and spectator sports

492.0 496.0 495.0 485.0 462.3 464.3 465.0 456.0 -9.0

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

174.9 186.6 187.6 183.1 162.0 169.3 169.4 169.0 -0.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

1,868.7 1,898.0 1,957.4 1,901.8 1,621.3 1,641.5 1,647.0 1,653.0 6.0

Accommodation and food services

13,794.6 14,037.5 14,099.7 14,093.0 13,426.9 13,659.0 13,710.9 13,718.4 7.5

Accommodation

2,090.0 2,063.6 2,115.0 2,098.8 1,948.7 1,959.8 1,958.7 1,957.0 -1.7

Food services and drinking places

11,704.6 11,973.9 11,984.7 11,994.2 11,478.2 11,699.2 11,752.2 11,761.4 9.2

Other services

5,729 5,831 5,834 5,821 5,695 5,761 5,767 5,783 16

Repair and maintenance

1,290.1 1,307.5 1,302.9 1,300.4 1,286.9 1,294.4 1,296.5 1,297.1 0.6

Personal and laundry services

1,456.1 1,502.3 1,501.1 1,498.8 1,451.7 1,486.6 1,490.3 1,493.3 3.0

Membership associations and organizations

2,982.9 3,021.4 3,029.7 3,021.4 2,956.6 2,980.3 2,979.8 2,992.1 12.3

Government

21,202 22,243 21,044 21,204 22,290 22,320 22,307 22,298 -9

Federal

2,814.0 2,824.0 2,823.0 2,814.0 2,805.0 2,810.0 2,809.0 2,808.0 -1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,204.5 2,208.3 2,205.5 2,203.9 2,191.6 2,192.2 2,190.5 2,190.9 0.4

U.S. Postal Service

609.1 616.0 617.1 609.8 612.9 617.3 618.5 616.6 -1.9

State government

4,797.0 4,846.0 4,760.0 4,785.0 5,094.0 5,090.0 5,088.0 5,083.0 -5.0

State government education

2,105.4 2,161.6 2,079.7 2,112.0 2,412.7 2,425.4 2,424.1 2,421.5 -2.6

State government, excluding education

2,691.6 2,684.4 2,680.4 2,672.8 2,680.9 2,664.9 2,663.5 2,661.8 -1.7

Local government

13,591.0 14,573.0 13,461.0 13,605.0 14,391.0 14,420.0 14,410.0 14,407.0 -3.0

Local government education

6,976.1 7,908.1 6,739.2 6,947.8 7,961.4 7,952.2 7,936.6 7,936.9 0.3

Local government, excluding education

6,615.0 6,664.6 6,721.4 6,657.1 6,429.7 6,467.9 6,473.0 6,470.5 -2.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.3 34.5 34.5 34.4

Goods-producing

40.1 40.4 40.5 40.3

Mining and logging

43.6 44.9 45.3 44.9

Construction

38.8 39.1 39.1 39.0

Manufacturing

40.6 40.8 40.9 40.7

Durable goods

41.1 41.3 41.4 41.2

Nondurable goods

39.8 40.1 40.2 40.0

Private service-providing

33.2 33.3 33.3 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.2 34.4 34.4 34.4

Wholesale trade

38.9 39.1 39.1 39.1

Retail trade

30.8 31.0 31.0 30.9

Transportation and warehousing

38.5 38.9 38.8 38.8

Utilities

42.2 42.2 42.3 41.7

Information

35.9 36.3 36.3 36.3

Financial activities

37.5 37.6 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services

36.0 36.1 36.1 36.0

Education and health services

32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality

26.0 26.1 26.1 26.0

Other services

31.9 31.9 31.8 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Durable goods

3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods

3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)

Total private

$25.74 $26.27 $26.36 $26.39 $882.88 $906.32 $909.42 $907.82

Goods-producing

26.99 27.53 27.67 27.58 1,082.30 1,112.21 1,120.64 1,111.47

Mining and logging

31.80 32.42 32.95 32.56 1,386.48 1,455.66 1,492.64 1,461.94

Construction

28.21 28.83 28.91 28.96 1,094.55 1,127.25 1,130.38 1,129.44

Manufacturing

26.07 26.54 26.68 26.53 1,058.44 1,082.83 1,091.21 1,079.77

Durable goods

27.41 27.79 27.93 27.77 1,126.55 1,147.73 1,156.30 1,144.12

Nondurable goods

23.79 24.39 24.54 24.39 946.84 978.04 986.51 975.60

Private service-providing

25.45 25.98 26.06 26.12 844.94 865.13 867.80 867.18

Trade, transportation, and utilities

22.44 22.80 22.85 22.88 767.45 784.32 786.04 787.07

Wholesale trade

29.70 30.09 30.15 30.14 1,155.33 1,176.52 1,178.87 1,178.47

Retail trade

17.93 18.15 18.19 18.25 552.24 562.65 563.89 563.93

Transportation and warehousing

23.36 23.89 23.93 23.98 899.36 929.32 928.48 930.42

Utilities

38.33 39.01 39.27 38.80 1,617.53 1,646.22 1,661.12 1,617.96

Information

36.82 38.37 38.49 38.34 1,321.84 1,392.83 1,397.19 1,391.74

Financial activities

32.47 33.00 33.16 33.26 1,217.63 1,240.80 1,243.50 1,247.25

Professional and business services

30.91 31.56 31.63 31.72 1,112.76 1,139.32 1,141.84 1,141.92

Education and health services

25.76 26.26 26.37 26.42 847.50 863.95 867.57 869.22

Leisure and hospitality

14.94 15.41 15.44 15.47 388.44 402.20 402.98 402.22

Other services

23.11 23.59 23.70 23.77 737.21 752.52 753.66 755.89

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)
Percent change from:
July
2017 - Aug.
2017(p)
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)
Percent change from:
July
2017 - Aug.
2017(p)

Total private

105.3 107.4 107.6 107.4 -0.2 129.6 134.9 135.6 135.5 -0.1

Goods-producing

90.0 92.2 92.5 92.4 -0.1 109.8 114.7 115.7 115.1 -0.5

Mining and logging

90.6 100.6 101.5 101.4 -0.1 115.6 130.9 134.3 132.6 -1.3

Construction

89.7 92.9 92.9 93.0 0.1 109.9 116.4 116.7 117.0 0.3

Manufacturing

90.1 91.1 91.6 91.4 -0.2 109.3 112.5 113.6 112.7 -0.8

Durable goods

89.1 90.2 90.6 90.5 -0.1 108.5 111.3 112.4 111.6 -0.7

Nondurable goods

92.1 93.3 93.7 93.4 -0.3 111.2 115.5 116.6 115.5 -0.9

Private service-providing

109.6 111.5 111.7 111.4 -0.3 135.6 140.7 141.4 141.4 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

101.5 102.4 102.4 102.5 0.1 122.6 125.7 126.0 126.2 0.2

Wholesale trade

99.5 101.0 101.1 101.2 0.1 123.4 126.8 127.2 127.3 0.1

Retail trade

99.2 99.7 99.7 99.4 -0.3 117.6 119.6 119.9 119.9 0.0

Transportation and warehousing

110.2 112.9 112.7 112.7 0.0 130.7 136.9 136.8 137.2 0.3

Utilities

101.4 101.1 101.2 99.7 -1.5 128.4 130.3 131.3 127.8 -2.7

Information

91.1 90.3 90.1 89.9 -0.2 119.4 123.3 123.5 122.7 -0.6

Financial activities

102.1 104.0 103.8 104.0 0.2 129.3 133.8 134.3 134.9 0.4

Professional and business services

114.4 117.6 117.9 117.8 -0.1 143.2 150.3 151.0 151.3 0.2

Education and health services

121.9 124.1 124.4 124.5 0.1 151.1 156.7 157.8 158.2 0.3

Leisure and hospitality

116.3 118.7 119.1 118.7 -0.3 140.1 147.5 148.4 148.1 -0.2

Other services

104.7 106.0 105.7 106.0 0.3 132.7 137.0 137.3 138.1 0.6

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)

Total nonfarm

71,782 72,456 72,545 72,620 49.6 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private

58,964 59,650 59,740 59,816 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing

4,322 4,395 4,409 4,423 21.9 21.9 22.0 22.0

Mining and logging

98 101 101 100 14.8 14.2 14.2 13.9

Construction

838 869 873 876 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing

3,386 3,425 3,435 3,447 27.4 27.6 27.6 27.6

Durable goods

1,805 1,816 1,822 1,830 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.5

Nondurable goods

1,581 1,609 1,613 1,617 34.1 34.5 34.5 34.6

Private service-providing

54,642 55,255 55,331 55,393 53.2 53.1 53.1 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

11,106 10,992 10,965 10,951 40.7 40.2 40.0 40.0

Wholesale trade

1,734.2 1,745.2 1,743.5 1,746.3 29.6 29.5 29.4 29.4

Retail trade

8,008.5 7,882.3 7,862.7 7,845.0 50.5 49.8 49.7 49.6

Transportation and warehousing

1,233.3 1,237.2 1,231.2 1,230.9 24.7 24.4 24.3 24.2

Utilities

129.8 127.4 127.9 128.6 23.4 23.0 23.1 23.3

Information

1,111 1,085 1,083 1,078 40.0 39.8 39.8 39.8

Financial activities

4,724 4,767 4,773 4,782 56.8 56.5 56.5 56.5

Professional and business services

9,060 9,314 9,334 9,353 44.9 45.0 45.0 45.0

Education and health services

17,508 17,789 17,839 17,858 77.1 77.0 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality

8,148 8,266 8,289 8,311 52.0 51.9 51.8 52.0

Other services

2,985 3,042 3,048 3,060 52.4 52.8 52.9 52.9

Government

12,818 12,806 12,805 12,804 57.5 57.4 57.4 57.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)

Total private

100,690 102,222 102,391 102,498

Goods-producing

14,147 14,396 14,414 14,484

Mining and logging

461 512 512 517

Construction

5,033 5,170 5,161 5,176

Manufacturing

8,653 8,714 8,741 8,791

Durable goods

5,289 5,326 5,345 5,387

Nondurable goods

3,364 3,388 3,396 3,404

Private service-providing

86,543 87,826 87,977 88,014

Trade, transportation, and utilities

22,910 23,061 23,067 23,068

Wholesale trade

4,694.0 4,744.4 4,749.1 4,753.7

Retail trade

13,448.6 13,465.7 13,470.1 13,473.7

Transportation and warehousing

4,321.1 4,403.9 4,403.7 4,396.5

Utilities

446.3 446.5 444.4 443.9

Information

2,237 2,200 2,196 2,182

Financial activities

6,456 6,569 6,576 6,582

Professional and business services

16,516 16,921 16,954 16,971

Education and health services

19,920 20,291 20,346 20,363

Leisure and hospitality

13,785 14,017 14,065 14,067

Other services

4,719 4,767 4,773 4,781

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.6 33.7 33.7 33.7

Goods-producing

41.1 41.3 41.3 41.4

Mining and logging

45.4 45.4 45.7 45.4

Construction

39.4 39.7 39.7 39.7

Manufacturing

41.8 42.0 42.0 42.1

Durable goods

42.3 42.4 42.3 42.4

Nondurable goods

41.0 41.4 41.6 41.6

Private service-providing

32.3 32.5 32.5 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

33.5 33.9 33.9 33.9

Wholesale trade

38.6 38.9 39.0 39.1

Retail trade

29.7 30.3 30.3 30.3

Transportation and warehousing

38.6 38.5 38.4 38.3

Utilities

42.5 42.5 42.6 42.3

Information

35.7 35.8 35.8 35.8

Financial activities

36.8 37.0 36.9 37.0

Professional and business services

35.4 35.5 35.5 35.3

Education and health services

32.2 32.2 32.2 32.1

Leisure and hospitality

24.8 24.9 24.8 24.8

Other services

30.8 30.8 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4

Durable goods

4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4

Nondurable goods

4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)

Total private

$21.62 $22.03 $22.08 $22.12 $726.43 $742.41 $744.10 $745.44

Goods-producing

22.67 23.08 23.19 23.20 931.74 953.20 957.75 960.48

Mining and logging

27.08 27.64 27.88 27.78 1,229.43 1,254.86 1,274.12 1,261.21

Construction

26.07 26.63 26.75 26.81 1,027.16 1,057.21 1,061.98 1,064.36

Manufacturing

20.56 20.80 20.90 20.90 859.41 873.60 877.80 879.89

Durable goods

21.60 21.76 21.89 21.90 913.68 922.62 925.95 928.56

Nondurable goods

18.87 19.27 19.32 19.29 773.67 797.78 803.71 802.46

Private service-providing

21.40 21.81 21.85 21.89 691.22 708.83 710.13 709.24

Trade, transportation, and utilities

18.98 19.35 19.36 19.38 635.83 655.97 656.30 656.98

Wholesale trade

24.23 24.73 24.78 24.74 935.28 962.00 966.42 967.33

Retail trade

15.01 15.30 15.31 15.35 445.80 463.59 463.89 465.11

Transportation and warehousing

20.91 21.33 21.33 21.41 807.13 821.21 819.07 820.00

Utilities

35.55 36.35 36.23 35.63 1,510.88 1,544.88 1,543.40 1,507.15

Information

30.23 30.80 30.81 30.82 1,079.21 1,102.64 1,103.00 1,103.36

Financial activities

26.31 26.53 26.60 26.59 968.21 981.61 981.54 983.83

Professional and business services

25.53 26.02 26.09 26.20 903.76 923.71 926.20 924.86

Education and health services

22.58 23.00 23.04 23.09 727.08 740.60 741.89 741.19

Leisure and hospitality

12.92 13.35 13.36 13.41 320.42 332.42 331.33 332.57

Other services

19.39 19.86 19.95 20.03 597.21 611.69 612.47 614.92

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)
Percent change from:
July
2017 - Aug.
2017(p)
Aug.
2016
June
2017
July
2017(p)
Aug.
2017(p)
Percent change from:
July
2017 - Aug.
2017(p)

Total private

112.7 114.8 115.0 115.1 0.1 162.9 169.0 169.6 170.1 0.3

Goods-producing

88.9 90.9 91.0 91.6 0.7 123.3 128.4 129.2 130.2 0.8

Mining and logging

111.2 123.5 124.3 124.7 0.3 175.2 198.6 201.6 201.5 0.0

Construction

99.3 102.8 102.6 102.9 0.3 139.8 147.8 148.2 148.9 0.5

Manufacturing

83.0 84.0 84.3 85.0 0.8 111.6 114.3 115.2 116.1 0.8

Durable goods

84.1 84.9 85.0 85.8 0.9 113.4 115.3 116.1 117.4 1.1

Nondurable goods

81.3 82.6 83.2 83.4 0.2 108.4 112.5 113.6 113.7 0.1

Private service-providing

119.0 121.6 121.8 121.4 -0.3 174.7 181.8 182.5 182.3 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

107.0 109.0 109.0 109.0 0.0 144.9 150.4 150.6 150.7 0.1

Wholesale trade

106.7 108.7 109.1 109.5 0.4 152.3 158.3 159.2 159.5 0.2

Retail trade

101.1 103.3 103.3 103.3 0.0 130.1 135.4 135.6 136.0 0.3

Transportation and warehousing

125.6 127.6 127.3 126.8 -0.4 166.5 172.7 172.2 172.1 -0.1

Utilities

97.0 97.0 96.8 96.0 -0.8 143.9 147.2 146.4 142.8 -2.5

Information

91.1 89.9 89.7 89.2 -0.6 136.4 137.1 136.9 136.0 -0.7

Financial activities

111.8 114.4 114.2 114.6 0.4 181.0 186.8 186.9 187.5 0.3

Professional and business services

131.0 134.6 134.9 134.3 -0.4 199.1 208.5 209.4 209.3 0.0

Education and health services

136.8 139.3 139.7 139.4 -0.2 203.8 211.5 212.4 212.4 0.0

Leisure and hospitality

125.2 127.8 127.8 127.8 0.0 183.7 193.8 193.9 194.6 0.4

Other services

101.9 103.0 102.8 102.9 0.1 144.0 149.0 149.4 150.2 0.5

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Last Modified Date: September 01, 2017