Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until			USDL-20-1650
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 4, 2020

Technical information: 
 Household data:	cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

(NOTE: BLS reissued this news release on September 23, 2020, to address minor data errors
associated with the introduction in January 2020 of a new occupation classification system.
The corrections affected a limited number of historical data series presented in tables 
A-8 and A-9 of this release; for these series, the impact was negligible. Most major series,
including the official unemployment rate, were not affected. Estimates in the BLS online 
database were corrected for January–July 2020. For more information on these corrections, see
www.bls.gov/bls/errata/revision-to-current-population-survey-estimates-for-January-through-
July-2020.htm.)

	
			       THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- AUGUST 2020


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 1.4 million in August, and the unemployment rate fell to
8.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These improvements in the labor
market reflect the continued resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed due to the
coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. In August, an increase in government
employment largely reflected temporary hiring for the 2020 Census. Notable job gains also 
occurred in retail trade, in professional and business services, in leisure and hospitality, and
in education and health services.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about 
the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data
 
In August, the unemployment rate declined by 1.8 percentage points to 8.4 percent, and the number
of unemployed persons fell by 2.8 million to 13.6 million. Both measures have declined for 4 
consecutive months but are higher than in February, by 4.9 percentage points and 7.8 million, 
respectively. (See table A-1. For more information about how the household survey and its 
measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note at the end of this news
release.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in August for adult men (8.0 
percent), adult women (8.4 percent), teenagers (16.1 percent), Whites (7.3 percent), Blacks (13.0
percent), and Hispanics (10.5 percent). The jobless rate for Asians (10.7 percent) changed 
little over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased by 3.1 million in
August to 6.2 million, down considerably from the series high of 18.1 million in April. In August,
the number of permanent job losers increased by 534,000 to 3.4 million; this measure has risen by
2.1 million since February. The number of unemployed reentrants to the labor force declined by 
263,000 to 2.1 million. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in the labor 
force prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.) 

The number of unemployed persons who were jobless less than 5 weeks decreased by 921,000 to 2.3 
million in August, and the number of persons jobless 5 to 14 weeks fell by 2.0 million to 3.1 
million. The long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) numbered 1.6 million,
little changed over the month. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate increased by 0.3 percentage point to 61.7 percent in August
but is 1.7 percentage points below its February level. Total employment, as measured by the 
household survey, rose by 3.8 million in August to 147.3 million. The employment-population ratio
rose by 1.4 percentage points to 56.5 percent but is 4.6 percentage points lower than in 
February. (See table A-1.) 

In August, the number of persons who usually work full time rose by 2.8 million to 122.4 million,
and the number who usually work part time increased by 991,000 to 25.0 million. Part-time 
workers accounted for about one-fourth of the over-the-month employment gain. (See table A-9.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 
involuntary part-time workers) declined by 871,000 to 7.6 million in August, reflecting a decrease
in the number of people who worked part time due to slack work or business conditions (-1.1 
million). The number of involuntary part-time workers is 3.3 million higher than in February. 
These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because
their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. This group includes 
persons who usually work full time and persons who usually work part time. (See table A-8.)

In August, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined by 
747,000 to 7.0 million; this measure is 2.0 million higher than in February. These individuals 
were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4
weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally 
attached to the labor force, at 2.1 million, changed little in August. These individuals had not
actively looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey but wanted a job, were available 
for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. The number of discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them,
decreased by 130,000 in August to 535,000. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data 

In August, 24.3 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down
from 26.4 percent in July. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at home
for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the coronavirus pandemic. 

In August, 24.2 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their 
employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work at all or 
worked fewer hours at some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is down 
from 31.3 million in July. Among those who reported in August that they were unable to work 
because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 11.6 percent received at least some pay 
from their employer for the hours not worked.  

About 5.2 million persons not in the labor force in August were prevented from looking for work 
due to the pandemic. This is down from 6.5 million in July. (To be counted as unemployed, by 
definition, individuals must either be actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May to 
help gauge the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the labor market. The data are not 
seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are 
available online at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 1.4 million in August, following increases of larger 
magnitude in the prior 3 months. In August, nonfarm employment was below its February level by
11.5 million, or 7.6 percent. Government employment rose in August, largely reflecting temporary
hiring for the 2020 Census. Notable job gains also occurred in retail trade, in professional and
business services, in leisure and hospitality, and in education and health services. (See table
B-1. For more information about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by 
the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note at the end of this news release.)

Employment in government increased by 344,000 in August, accounting for one-fourth of the over-
the-month gain in total nonfarm employment. A job gain in federal government (+251,000) reflected
the hiring of 238,000 temporary 2020 Census workers. Local government employment rose by 95,000 
over the month. Overall, government employment is 831,000 below its February level. 

Retail trade added 249,000 jobs in August, with almost half the growth occurring in general 
merchandise stores (+116,000). Notable gains also occurred in motor vehicle and parts dealers 
(+22,000), electronics and appliance stores (+21,000), and miscellaneous store retailers 
(+17,000). Employment in retail trade is 655,000 lower than in February.

In August, employment in professional and business services increased by 197,000. More than half
of the gain occurred in temporary help services (+107,000). Architectural and engineering 
services (+14,000), business support services (+13,000), and computer systems design and related
services (+13,000) also added jobs over the month. Employment in professional and business 
services is 1.5 million below its February level.

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 174,000 in August, with about three-fourths 
of the gain occurring in food services and drinking places (+134,000). Despite job gains 
totaling 3.6 million over the last 4 months, employment in food services and drinking places is 
down by 2.5 million since February. 

In August, employment in education and health services increased by 147,000 but is 1.5 million
below February's level. Health care employment increased by 75,000 over the month, with gains in
offices of physicians (+27,000), offices of dentists (+22,000), hospitals (+14,000), and home
health care services (+12,000). Elsewhere in health care, job losses continued in nursing and 
residential care facilities (-14,000). Employment in private education rose by 57,000 over the
month.

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 78,000 in August, with gains in warehousing
and storage (+34,000), transit and ground passenger transportation (+11,000), and truck 
transportation (+10,000). Employment in transportation and warehousing is down by 381,000 since
February.

The other services industry added 74,000 jobs in August, reflecting gains in membership 
associations and organizations (+31,000), repair and maintenance (+29,000), and personal and
laundry services (+14,000). Employment in other services is 531,000 lower than in February.

Financial activities added 36,000 jobs in August, with most of the growth in real estate and
rental and leasing (+23,000). Employment in financial activities is down by 191,000 since
February.

In August, manufacturing employment rose by 29,000, with gains concentrated in the nondurable 
goods component (+27,000). Despite gains in recent months, employment in manufacturing is 
720,000 below February's level.

Employment in wholesale trade increased by 14,000 in August, reflecting an increase of 9,000
in the nondurable goods component. Wholesale trade employment has declined by 328,000 since 
February.

In August, employment changed little in mining, construction, and information. 

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 11
cents to $29.47. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 
employees increased by 18 cents to $24.81, following a decrease of 10 cents in the prior month.
The large employment fluctuations over the past several months--especially in industries with
lower-paid workers--complicate the analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings. (See
tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 
34.6 hours in August. In manufacturing, the workweek rose by 0.3 hour to 40.0 hours, and 
overtime increased by 0.1 hour to 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and 
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.0 hours. (See tables
B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 10,000, from 
+4,791,000 to +4,781,000, and the change for July was revised down by 29,000, from +1,763,000
to +1,734,000. With these revisions, employment in June and July combined was 39,000 less than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses
and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of 
seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 2, 2020,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 _______________________________________________________________________________________________
|												|
|     Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on August 2020 Establishment and Household Survey Data      |
|												|
| Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the  |
| establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the establishments are assigned to four 	|
| regional data collection centers for collection. Although these centers were closed, 		|
| interviewers at these centers worked remotely to collect data by telephone. Additionally, BLS |
| encouraged businesses to report electronically. The collection rate for the establishment 	|
| survey was 77 percent in August, higher than the average for the 12 months ending in February |
| 2020. The household survey is generally conducted through in-person and telephone interviews. |
| However, for the safety of both interviewers and respondents, the vast majority of interviews |
| were done by telephone, with in-person interviews conducted on a limited basis in some areas  |
| of the country. The household survey response rate was 70 percent in August, up from the low  |
| of 65 percent in June but well below the average rate of 83 percent for the 12 months prior   |
| to the pandemic. 										|
|												|
| In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of 	|
| the pay period including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not |
| actually at their jobs. Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and |
| are not being paid are not counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive 	|
| benefits. 											|
|												|
| In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the 	|
| labor force based on their answers to a series of questions about their activities during the |
| survey reference week (August 9th through August 15th). Workers who indicate they were not 	|
| working during the entire survey reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs 	|
| should be classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. As in recent months, a large number 	|
| of persons were classified as unemployed on temporary layoff in August. 			|
|												|
| Since March, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify employed persons  |
| absent from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related business closures or cutbacks as 	|
| unemployed on temporary layoff. BLS and Census Bureau analyses of the underlying data suggest |
| there still may be some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as 	|
| unemployed on temporary layoff. However, the share of responses that may have been 		|
| misclassified was much smaller in July and August than in prior months.  			|
|												|
| For March through July, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment rate would have 	|
| been had misclassified workers been included. Repeating this same approach, the overall 	|
| August unemployment rate would have been 0.7 percentage point higher than reported. However,  |
| this represents the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates  |
| the size of the misclassification error. 							|
| 												|
| According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To  |
| maintain data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses. 		|
|												|
| More information is available at 								|
| www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-august-2020.htm. 			|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Change from: July 2020- Aug. 2020
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	259,432	260,204	260,373	260,558	185
Civilian labor force	163,894	159,932	159,870	160,838	968
Participation rate	63.2	61.5	61.4	61.7	0.3
Employed	157,895	142,182	143,532	147,288	3,756
Employment-population ratio	60.9	54.6	55.1	56.5	1.4
Unemployed	5,999	17,750	16,338	13,550	-2,788
Unemployment rate	3.7	11.1	10.2	8.4	-1.8
Not in labor force	95,538	100,273	100,503	99,720	-783
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.7	11.1	10.2	8.4	-1.8
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.3	10.2	9.4	8.0	-1.4
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.3	11.2	10.5	8.4	-2.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.5	23.2	19.3	16.1	-3.2
White	3.4	10.1	9.2	7.3	-1.9
Black or African American	5.4	15.4	14.6	13.0	-1.6
Asian	2.8	13.8	12.0	10.7	-1.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.2	14.5	12.9	10.5	-2.4
Total, 25 years and over	2.9	9.7	9.1	7.6	-1.5
Less than a high school diploma	5.4	16.6	15.4	12.6	-2.8
High school graduates, no college	3.6	12.1	10.8	9.8	-1.0
Some college or associate degree	3.0	10.9	10.0	8.0	-2.0
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.1	6.9	6.7	5.3	-1.4
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,864	14,272	12,924	10,307	-2,617
Job leavers	784	565	571	589	18
Reentrants	1,785	2,356	2,358	2,095	-263
New entrants	577	563	513	554	41
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,218	2,838	3,202	2,281	-921
5 to 14 weeks	1,746	11,496	5,169	3,134	-2,035
15 to 26 weeks	831	1,903	6,484	6,517	33
27 weeks and over	1,251	1,391	1,501	1,624	123
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,381	9,062	8,443	7,572	-871
Slack work or business conditions	2,683	7,939	7,281	6,214	-1,067
Could only find part-time work	1,338	942	1,048	1,139	91
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,673	17,137	17,792	18,630	838
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,548	2,471	1,979	2,080	101
Discouraged workers	440	681	665	535	-130
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	207	4,781	1,734	1,371
Total private	157	4,729	1,481	1,027
Goods-producing	2	485	61	43
Mining and logging	-5	-7	-7	-2
Construction	4	159	27	16
Manufacturing	3	333	41	29
Durable goods(1)	-1	265	26	2
Motor vehicles and parts	-0.6	187.5	44.9	-5.3
Nondurable goods	4	68	15	27
Private service-providing	155	4,244	1,420	984
Wholesale trade	0.6	51.9	-19.6	13.5
Retail trade	-0.6	858.0	236.2	248.9
Transportation and warehousing	-4.1	87.2	48.8	78.1
Utilities	-0.7	-2.9	0.6	0.6
Information	-1	7	-9	15
Financial activities	15	20	13	36
Professional and business services(1)	40	311	153	197
Temporary help services	3.6	144.6	121.8	106.7
Education and health services(1)	58	567	222	147
Health care and social assistance	56.5	466.2	195.7	90.1
Leisure and hospitality	42	1,979	621	174
Other services	5	366	154	74
Government	50	52	253	344
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	194	-4,427	3,080	2,629
Total private	166	-3,957	3,149	2,412
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.5	49.7	49.8
Total private women employees	48.5	48.1	48.2	48.3
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.3	81.0	81.2	81.3
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.6	34.5	34.6
Average hourly earnings	$28.16	$29.32	$29.36	$29.47
Average weekly earnings	$968.70	$1,014.47	$1,012.92	$1,019.66
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	111.0	101.2	102.2	103.4
Over-the-month percent change	0.5	3.9	1.0	1.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	149.4	141.8	143.4	145.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.8	2.6	1.1	1.5
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	56.2	76.0	59.9	69.0
Manufacturing (76 industries)	53.3	79.6	48.0	59.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	259,432	260,373	260,558	259,432	259,896	260,047	260,204	260,373	260,558
Civilian labor force	164,019	161,374	160,966	163,894	156,481	158,227	159,932	159,870	160,838
Participation rate	63.2	62.0	61.8	63.2	60.2	60.8	61.5	61.4	61.7
Employed	157,816	144,492	147,224	157,895	133,403	137,242	142,182	143,532	147,288
Employment-population ratio	60.8	55.5	56.5	60.9	51.3	52.8	54.6	55.1	56.5
Unemployed	6,203	16,882	13,742	5,999	23,078	20,985	17,750	16,338	13,550
Unemployment rate	3.8	10.5	8.5	3.7	14.7	13.3	11.1	10.2	8.4
Not in labor force	95,413	98,998	99,592	95,538	103,415	101,820	100,273	100,503	99,720
Persons who currently want a job	5,331	8,003	7,184	5,117	9,916	8,962	8,195	7,732	6,985
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,481	125,944	126,036	125,481	125,707	125,782	125,860	125,944	126,036
Civilian labor force	87,155	85,685	85,600	86,824	83,139	83,900	84,596	84,533	85,315
Participation rate	69.5	68.0	67.9	69.2	66.1	66.7	67.2	67.1	67.7
Employed	84,077	77,375	78,711	83,613	71,916	73,702	75,629	76,212	78,255
Employment-population ratio	67.0	61.4	62.5	66.6	57.2	58.6	60.1	60.5	62.1
Unemployed	3,078	8,310	6,889	3,210	11,223	10,199	8,967	8,321	7,061
Unemployment rate	3.5	9.7	8.0	3.7	13.5	12.2	10.6	9.8	8.3
Not in labor force	38,326	40,258	40,436	38,657	42,569	41,881	41,264	41,411	40,720
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	117,040	117,580	117,672	117,040	117,330	117,410	117,492	117,580	117,672
Civilian labor force	83,939	82,353	82,554	83,852	80,461	81,057	81,995	81,904	82,512
Participation rate	71.7	70.0	70.2	71.6	68.6	69.0	69.8	69.7	70.1
Employed	81,272	74,756	76,178	81,046	69,977	71,672	73,641	74,184	75,945
Employment-population ratio	69.4	63.6	64.7	69.2	59.6	61.0	62.7	63.1	64.5
Unemployed	2,667	7,597	6,376	2,806	10,483	9,385	8,354	7,720	6,567
Unemployment rate	3.2	9.2	7.7	3.3	13.0	11.6	10.2	9.4	8.0
Not in labor force	33,101	35,227	35,118	33,187	36,870	36,352	35,497	35,676	35,160
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	133,951	134,429	134,523	133,951	134,189	134,265	134,344	134,429	134,523
Civilian labor force	76,864	75,689	75,366	77,070	73,343	74,327	75,336	75,337	75,523
Participation rate	57.4	56.3	56.0	57.5	54.7	55.4	56.1	56.0	56.1
Employed	73,740	67,117	68,513	74,282	61,487	63,540	66,552	67,320	69,033
Employment-population ratio	55.0	49.9	50.9	55.5	45.8	47.3	49.5	50.1	51.3
Unemployed	3,125	8,572	6,853	2,788	11,855	10,787	8,783	8,017	6,489
Unemployment rate	4.1	11.3	9.1	3.6	16.2	14.5	11.7	10.6	8.6
Not in labor force	57,087	58,740	59,156	56,881	60,847	59,938	59,009	59,092	59,000
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,705	126,243	126,336	125,705	125,991	126,072	126,155	126,243	126,336
Civilian labor force	73,756	72,404	72,415	74,116	70,913	71,558	72,580	72,720	72,715
Participation rate	58.7	57.4	57.3	59.0	56.3	56.8	57.5	57.6	57.6
Employed	70,983	64,384	65,997	71,665	59,947	61,638	64,426	65,113	66,637
Employment-population ratio	56.5	51.0	52.2	57.0	47.6	48.9	51.1	51.6	52.7
Unemployed	2,773	8,020	6,418	2,451	10,966	9,920	8,154	7,607	6,078
Unemployment rate	3.8	11.1	8.9	3.3	15.5	13.9	11.2	10.5	8.4
Not in labor force	51,949	53,839	53,921	51,590	55,079	54,514	53,575	53,523	53,622
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,687	16,550	16,550	16,687	16,574	16,566	16,557	16,550	16,550
Civilian labor force	6,324	6,618	5,998	5,926	5,108	5,612	5,356	5,245	5,611
Participation rate	37.9	40.0	36.2	35.5	30.8	33.9	32.3	31.7	33.9
Employed	5,560	5,353	5,049	5,184	3,479	3,932	4,114	4,235	4,706
Employment-population ratio	33.3	32.3	30.5	31.1	21.0	23.7	24.8	25.6	28.4
Unemployed	763	1,265	949	742	1,628	1,681	1,242	1,011	905
Unemployment rate	12.1	19.1	15.8	12.5	31.9	29.9	23.2	19.3	16.1
Not in labor force	10,363	9,932	10,552	10,761	11,467	10,953	11,201	11,304	10,939
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	200,953	201,319	201,417	200,953	201,082	201,154	201,233	201,319	201,417
Civilian labor force	126,920	124,664	124,491	126,853	121,242	122,661	124,009	123,618	124,471
Participation rate	63.2	61.9	61.8	63.1	60.3	61.0	61.6	61.4	61.8
Employed	122,439	112,913	115,205	122,566	104,065	107,499	111,538	112,226	115,354
Employment-population ratio	60.9	56.1	57.2	61.0	51.8	53.4	55.4	55.7	57.3
Unemployed	4,481	11,752	9,286	4,286	17,176	15,162	12,470	11,392	9,118
Unemployment rate	3.5	9.4	7.5	3.4	14.2	12.4	10.1	9.2	7.3
Not in labor force	74,033	76,655	76,927	74,100	79,840	78,493	77,224	77,701	76,946
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,119	64,672	64,909	66,064	63,645	64,125	64,688	64,420	64,911
Participation rate	71.8	70.1	70.3	71.8	69.1	69.5	70.1	69.8	70.3
Employed	64,252	59,432	60,577	64,099	55,776	57,263	58,898	59,054	60,425
Employment-population ratio	69.8	64.4	65.6	69.6	60.5	62.1	63.8	64.0	65.4
Unemployed	1,867	5,240	4,331	1,965	7,869	6,862	5,790	5,367	4,485
Unemployment rate	2.8	8.1	6.7	3.0	12.4	10.7	9.0	8.3	6.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,839	54,843	54,837	56,152	53,634	54,294	55,147	55,124	55,124
Participation rate	57.8	56.6	56.6	58.1	55.4	56.1	56.9	56.9	56.9
Employed	53,798	49,214	50,557	54,379	45,563	47,195	49,440	49,822	51,124
Employment-population ratio	55.7	50.8	52.2	56.3	47.1	48.8	51.1	51.4	52.7
Unemployed	2,042	5,629	4,279	1,773	8,071	7,099	5,707	5,302	4,000
Unemployment rate	3.7	10.3	7.8	3.2	15.0	13.1	10.3	9.6	7.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,962	5,150	4,746	4,636	3,963	4,242	4,174	4,074	4,437
Participation rate	40.5	42.4	39.1	37.9	32.6	34.9	34.4	33.6	36.6
Employed	4,389	4,266	4,070	4,088	2,727	3,041	3,201	3,350	3,805
Employment-population ratio	35.9	35.1	33.5	33.4	22.4	25.0	26.4	27.6	31.4
Unemployed	573	884	676	548	1,236	1,202	973	724	632
Unemployment rate	11.5	17.2	14.2	11.8	31.2	28.3	23.3	17.8	14.2
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,081	33,353	33,386	33,081	33,267	33,294	33,323	33,353	33,386
Civilian labor force	20,645	20,321	20,199	20,604	19,487	19,858	20,010	20,094	20,150
Participation rate	62.4	60.9	60.5	62.3	58.6	59.6	60.0	60.2	60.4
Employed	19,503	17,283	17,551	19,485	16,240	16,523	16,927	17,161	17,528
Employment-population ratio	59.0	51.8	52.6	58.9	48.8	49.6	50.8	51.5	52.5
Unemployed	1,143	3,038	2,648	1,119	3,247	3,334	3,083	2,933	2,621
Unemployment rate	5.5	15.0	13.1	5.4	16.7	16.8	15.4	14.6	13.0
Not in labor force	12,435	13,031	13,187	12,477	13,780	13,436	13,313	13,258	13,237
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,546	9,319	9,331	9,487	8,880	8,970	9,161	9,229	9,277
Participation rate	68.7	66.3	66.3	68.2	63.4	63.9	65.2	65.6	65.9
Employed	9,005	7,923	8,125	8,937	7,448	7,583	7,670	7,827	8,051
Employment-population ratio	64.8	56.4	57.7	64.3	53.2	54.1	54.6	55.7	57.2
Unemployed	540	1,396	1,206	550	1,432	1,388	1,492	1,402	1,225
Unemployment rate	5.7	15.0	12.9	5.8	16.1	15.5	16.3	15.2	13.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,346	10,136	10,141	10,400	9,995	10,097	10,113	10,156	10,174
Participation rate	61.9	60.0	60.0	62.2	59.4	59.9	60.0	60.2	60.2
Employed	9,858	8,702	8,870	9,944	8,351	8,426	8,693	8,785	8,949
Employment-population ratio	59.0	51.6	52.5	59.5	49.6	50.0	51.6	52.0	53.0
Unemployed	488	1,433	1,271	456	1,644	1,671	1,420	1,371	1,224
Unemployment rate	4.7	14.1	12.5	4.4	16.4	16.5	14.0	13.5	12.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	753	866	727	717	612	791	735	709	699
Participation rate	30.6	35.9	30.1	29.1	25.2	32.7	30.4	29.4	29.0
Employed	639	657	556	604	441	515	564	549	527
Employment-population ratio	26.0	27.2	23.0	24.6	18.2	21.3	23.3	22.7	21.9
Unemployed	114	209	171	113	171	276	171	160	172
Unemployment rate	15.2	24.2	23.5	15.8	28.0	34.9	23.2	22.5	24.6
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,433	16,420	16,597	16,433	16,363	16,385	16,471	16,420	16,597
Civilian labor force	10,554	10,481	10,627	10,527	9,938	9,968	10,108	10,408	10,595
Participation rate	64.2	63.8	64.0	64.1	60.7	60.8	61.4	63.4	63.8
Employed	10,248	9,207	9,491	10,227	8,499	8,475	8,717	9,163	9,462
Employment-population ratio	62.4	56.1	57.2	62.2	51.9	51.7	52.9	55.8	57.0
Unemployed	306	1,274	1,136	299	1,438	1,493	1,392	1,245	1,133
Unemployment rate	2.9	12.2	10.7	2.8	14.5	15.0	13.8	12.0	10.7
Not in labor force	5,879	5,939	5,969	5,906	6,425	6,417	6,362	6,012	6,001
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,630	44,212	44,300	43,630	43,975	44,053	44,132	44,212	44,300
Civilian labor force	29,065	28,737	28,901	29,088	27,841	28,218	28,907	28,560	28,925
Participation rate	66.6	65.0	65.2	66.7	63.3	64.1	65.5	64.6	65.3
Employed	27,849	24,998	25,859	27,876	22,579	23,241	24,711	24,885	25,886
Employment-population ratio	63.8	56.5	58.4	63.9	51.3	52.8	56.0	56.3	58.4
Unemployed	1,216	3,739	3,042	1,213	5,263	4,977	4,195	3,675	3,040
Unemployment rate	4.2	13.0	10.5	4.2	18.9	17.6	14.5	12.9	10.5
Not in labor force	14,565	15,475	15,399	14,542	16,133	15,834	15,225	15,652	15,375
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,726	15,538	15,763	15,719	15,337	15,493	15,588	15,488	15,761
Participation rate	79.8	77.8	78.8	79.8	77.2	77.9	78.2	77.6	78.8
Employed	15,244	13,832	14,261	15,191	12,776	13,154	13,590	13,728	14,213
Employment-population ratio	77.4	69.3	71.3	77.1	64.3	66.1	68.2	68.8	71.0
Unemployed	482	1,706	1,502	528	2,561	2,338	1,999	1,761	1,549
Unemployment rate	3.1	11.0	9.5	3.4	16.7	15.1	12.8	11.4	9.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	12,034	11,825	11,831	12,119	11,348	11,510	11,999	11,881	11,904
Participation rate	60.4	58.5	58.4	60.8	56.4	57.1	59.4	58.7	58.7
Employed	11,494	10,124	10,547	11,609	9,060	9,326	10,158	10,217	10,649
Employment-population ratio	57.7	50.0	52.0	58.2	45.0	46.3	50.3	50.5	52.5
Unemployed	540	1,701	1,284	510	2,288	2,184	1,841	1,664	1,255
Unemployment rate	4.5	14.4	10.9	4.2	20.2	19.0	15.3	14.0	10.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,305	1,374	1,307	1,250	1,157	1,216	1,319	1,191	1,260
Participation rate	32.6	34.2	32.5	31.3	28.9	30.3	32.9	29.7	31.3
Employed	1,111	1,042	1,051	1,075	743	761	964	940	1,024
Employment-population ratio	27.8	25.9	26.1	26.9	18.6	19.0	24.0	23.4	25.5
Unemployed	194	332	256	175	414	454	355	251	236
Unemployment rate	14.9	24.2	19.6	14.0	35.8	37.4	26.9	21.0	18.7
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,062	8,093	8,545	10,020	8,595	8,212	8,342	8,255	8,500
Participation rate	47.3	44.0	45.1	47.1	42.8	41.9	42.9	44.9	44.9
Employed	9,585	6,884	7,536	9,478	6,774	6,577	6,958	6,981	7,427
Employment-population ratio	45.0	37.4	39.8	44.5	33.7	33.5	35.7	38.0	39.2
Unemployed	477	1,209	1,009	542	1,821	1,634	1,385	1,274	1,073
Unemployment rate	4.7	14.9	11.8	5.4	21.2	19.9	16.6	15.4	12.6
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,554	33,934	34,365	36,313	33,252	33,792	33,598	33,942	34,129
Participation rate	57.7	55.4	55.3	57.3	54.6	55.0	55.3	55.4	54.9
Employed	35,252	30,274	31,007	35,011	27,505	28,605	29,519	30,266	30,768
Employment-population ratio	55.6	49.4	49.9	55.3	45.1	46.6	48.6	49.4	49.5
Unemployed	1,302	3,660	3,358	1,302	5,747	5,187	4,079	3,677	3,361
Unemployment rate	3.6	10.8	9.8	3.6	17.3	15.3	12.1	10.8	9.8
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,404	36,459	36,155	37,701	35,860	36,381	36,661	36,455	36,427
Participation rate	65.1	63.4	63.5	65.6	62.5	63.3	63.8	63.4	64.0
Employed	36,191	32,755	33,169	36,558	30,485	31,559	32,662	32,816	33,504
Employment-population ratio	63.0	57.0	58.3	63.6	53.1	54.9	56.9	57.1	58.9
Unemployed	1,213	3,704	2,987	1,143	5,376	4,821	3,999	3,639	2,922
Unemployment rate	3.2	10.2	8.3	3.0	15.0	13.3	10.9	10.0	8.0
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	58,295	61,410	61,379	58,866	60,127	60,442	61,861	61,847	61,930
Participation rate	73.2	71.6	72.1	74.0	71.6	71.9	72.7	72.1	72.8
Employed	56,891	57,072	57,935	57,630	55,084	55,992	57,614	57,710	58,654
Employment-population ratio	71.5	66.6	68.1	72.4	65.6	66.6	67.7	67.3	68.9
Unemployed	1,405	4,338	3,444	1,236	5,043	4,450	4,247	4,137	3,276
Unemployment rate	2.4	7.1	5.6	2.1	8.4	7.4	6.9	6.7	5.3
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,776	18,422	16,890	16,515	1,886	1,907
Civilian labor force	9,196	8,821	8,110	7,796	1,086	1,025
Participation rate	49.0	47.9	48.0	47.2	57.6	53.8
Employed	8,873	8,261	7,821	7,320	1,052	941
Employment-population ratio	47.3	44.8	46.3	44.3	55.8	49.4
Unemployed	323	560	289	476	34	84
Unemployment rate	3.5	6.4	3.6	6.1	3.2	8.2
Not in labor force	9,580	9,601	8,780	8,719	800	882
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,360	4,578	3,619	3,833	740	744
Civilian labor force	3,478	3,637	2,989	3,171	490	467
Participation rate	79.8	79.5	82.6	82.7	66.2	62.7
Employed	3,339	3,382	2,866	2,936	473	446
Employment-population ratio	76.6	73.9	79.2	76.6	63.9	59.9
Unemployed	140	256	123	235	17	21
Unemployment rate	4.0	7.0	4.1	7.4	3.4	4.5
Not in labor force	881	940	631	663	251	278
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,059	3,002	2,567	2,479	493	524
Civilian labor force	2,336	2,214	1,998	1,841	338	372
Participation rate	76.4	73.7	77.8	74.3	68.6	71.0
Employed	2,257	2,110	1,927	1,782	330	328
Employment-population ratio	73.8	70.3	75.1	71.9	67.0	62.7
Unemployed	80	104	71	60	8	44
Unemployment rate	3.4	4.7	3.6	3.2	2.5	11.8
Not in labor force	723	789	569	637	155	152
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,162	6,776	6,915	6,539	247	237
Civilian labor force	1,429	1,165	1,380	1,142	49	23
Participation rate	19.9	17.2	20.0	17.5	19.8	9.7
Employed	1,387	1,093	1,345	1,073	43	20
Employment-population ratio	19.4	16.1	19.4	16.4	17.4	8.4
Unemployed	41	72	35	69	6	3
Unemployment rate	2.9	6.2	2.6	6.0	-	-
Not in labor force	5,733	5,611	5,535	5,397	198	214
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,195	4,066	3,789	3,664	406	402
Civilian labor force	1,953	1,806	1,744	1,642	209	164
Participation rate	46.6	44.4	46.0	44.8	51.5	40.7
Employed	1,890	1,677	1,684	1,529	206	148
Employment-population ratio	45.1	41.2	44.4	41.7	50.8	36.7
Unemployed	63	129	59	113	3	16
Unemployment rate	3.2	7.1	3.4	6.9	1.5	9.8
Not in labor force	2,242	2,260	2,045	2,022	197	238
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	232,023	233,177	104,201	105,012	127,821	128,165
Civilian labor force	152,502	149,789	77,872	76,683	74,630	73,106
Participation rate	65.7	64.2	74.7	73.0	58.4	57.0
Employed	146,893	136,921	75,226	70,410	71,667	66,511
Employment-population ratio	63.3	58.7	72.2	67.0	56.1	51.9
Unemployed	5,609	12,868	2,646	6,273	2,963	6,595
Unemployment rate	3.7	8.6	3.4	8.2	4.0	9.0
Not in labor force	79,520	83,388	26,329	28,329	53,191	55,059
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,067	29,304	229,365	231,254
Civilian labor force	6,413	6,050	157,606	154,916
Participation rate	21.3	20.6	68.7	67.0
Employed	5,954	5,254	151,862	141,970
Employment-population ratio	19.8	17.9	66.2	61.4
Unemployed	459	796	5,743	12,946
Unemployment rate	7.2	13.2	3.6	8.4
Not in labor force	23,654	23,253	71,759	76,338
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,700	2,610	78,432	77,128
Participation rate	36.4	36.1	83.3	81.9
Employed	2,506	2,281	75,717	71,015
Employment-population ratio	33.8	31.6	80.4	75.4
Unemployed	194	329	2,714	6,113
Unemployment rate	7.2	12.6	3.5	7.9
Not in labor force	4,713	4,616	15,756	17,000
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,509	2,266	69,635	68,392
Participation rate	33.0	31.1	71.8	70.4
Employed	2,303	1,897	66,881	62,360
Employment-population ratio	30.3	26.1	68.9	64.2
Unemployed	206	368	2,754	6,032
Unemployment rate	8.2	16.3	4.0	8.8
Not in labor force	5,097	5,012	27,398	28,719
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,204	1,174	9,539	9,396
Participation rate	8.0	7.9	25.0	23.5
Employed	1,145	1,076	9,264	8,595
Employment-population ratio	7.6	7.3	24.3	21.5
Unemployed	59	99	275	801
Unemployment rate	4.9	8.4	2.9	8.5
Not in labor force	13,843	13,625	28,605	30,620
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,764	42,041	20,498	20,287	22,266	21,754
Civilian labor force	28,153	27,325	15,912	15,547	12,241	11,778
Participation rate	65.8	65.0	77.6	76.6	55.0	54.1
Employed	27,272	24,551	15,524	14,225	11,747	10,326
Employment-population ratio	63.8	58.4	75.7	70.1	52.8	47.5
Unemployed	881	2,774	388	1,322	493	1,451
Unemployment rate	3.1	10.2	2.4	8.5	4.0	12.3
Not in labor force	14,611	14,716	4,586	4,739	10,025	9,977
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	216,668	218,517	104,983	105,749	111,685	112,768
Civilian labor force	135,866	133,641	71,242	70,053	64,624	63,588
Participation rate	62.7	61.2	67.9	66.2	57.9	56.4
Employed	130,545	122,673	68,552	64,486	61,992	58,186
Employment-population ratio	60.3	56.1	65.3	61.0	55.5	51.6
Unemployed	5,322	10,968	2,690	5,566	2,632	5,402
Unemployment rate	3.9	8.2	3.8	7.9	4.1	8.5
Not in labor force	80,802	84,876	33,741	35,696	47,061	49,180
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,501	2,271	2,259	2,414	2,424	2,341	2,297	2,128	2,159
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,665	1,518	1,457	1,579	1,694	1,569	1,530	1,446	1,422
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	817	714	788	785	701	738	716	677	736
Unpaid family workers	19	39	14	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	155,315	142,221	144,965	155,546	131,053	134,966	139,944	141,487	145,156
Wage and salary workers(1)	146,376	133,575	136,073	146,586	123,400	126,943	131,444	132,888	136,258
Government	20,362	19,614	20,445	20,968	19,208	19,763	20,895	20,597	21,132
Private industries	126,014	113,961	115,628	125,582	104,148	107,164	110,584	112,361	115,172
Private households	869	708	715	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	125,145	113,253	114,913	124,731	103,663	106,660	110,045	111,663	114,478
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,863	8,564	8,815	8,895	7,546	7,944	8,376	8,559	8,808
Unpaid family workers	76	82	77	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,316	8,572	7,488	4,381	10,887	10,633	9,062	8,443	7,572
Slack work or business conditions	2,623	7,280	6,106	2,683	9,939	9,543	7,939	7,281	6,214
Could only find part-time work	1,252	1,034	1,039	1,338	697	843	942	1,048	1,139
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,138	16,384	17,110	21,673	12,355	14,394	17,137	17,792	18,630
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,237	8,521	7,387	4,303	10,730	10,485	8,961	8,382	7,468
Slack work or business conditions	2,560	7,239	6,033	2,626	9,780	9,408	7,860	7,234	6,148
Could only find part-time work	1,242	1,026	1,027	1,325	695	836	941	1,047	1,124
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,727	15,998	16,744	21,284	11,970	14,009	16,793	17,404	18,264
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	157,816	144,492	147,224	157,895	133,403	137,242	142,182	143,532	147,288
16 to 19 years	5,560	5,353	5,049	5,184	3,479	3,932	4,114	4,235	4,706
16 to 17 years	2,050	2,124	2,042	1,839	1,302	1,420	1,501	1,727	1,845
18 to 19 years	3,510	3,229	3,007	3,347	2,154	2,495	2,649	2,581	2,838
20 years and over	152,256	139,139	142,175	152,711	129,924	133,310	138,068	139,297	142,582
20 to 24 years	14,337	12,154	12,528	14,047	10,023	10,608	11,249	11,593	12,253
25 years and over	137,918	126,985	129,647	138,542	119,906	122,691	126,771	127,741	130,231
25 to 54 years	100,626	92,504	94,500	101,074	87,769	89,943	92,702	93,068	94,928
25 to 34 years	35,806	31,962	32,765	35,945	30,453	31,299	32,028	32,105	32,889
35 to 44 years	33,062	31,215	31,873	33,165	29,607	30,088	30,991	31,398	31,972
45 to 54 years	31,759	29,327	29,863	31,964	27,709	28,555	29,683	29,565	30,067
55 years and over	37,292	34,481	35,147	37,468	32,137	32,748	34,069	34,673	35,304
Men, 16 years and over	84,077	77,375	78,711	83,613	71,916	73,702	75,629	76,212	78,255
16 to 19 years	2,804	2,619	2,533	2,567	1,939	2,030	1,988	2,028	2,310
16 to 17 years	1,029	985	982	894	632	659	714	753	860
18 to 19 years	1,775	1,634	1,552	1,663	1,277	1,355	1,302	1,297	1,435
20 years and over	81,272	74,756	76,178	81,046	69,977	71,672	73,641	74,184	75,945
20 to 24 years	7,332	6,347	6,563	7,096	5,222	5,445	5,726	5,949	6,345
25 years and over	73,941	68,409	69,615	73,835	64,758	66,271	67,865	68,243	69,503
25 to 54 years	53,774	49,744	50,761	53,773	47,236	48,488	49,471	49,683	50,763
25 to 34 years	19,213	17,062	17,572	19,208	16,396	16,822	16,987	17,019	17,566
35 to 44 years	17,805	16,911	17,240	17,773	16,049	16,335	16,582	16,867	17,210
45 to 54 years	16,756	15,771	15,949	16,793	14,792	15,330	15,903	15,796	15,987
55 years and over	20,167	18,665	18,855	20,061	17,522	17,783	18,394	18,560	18,740
Women, 16 years and over	73,740	67,117	68,513	74,282	61,487	63,540	66,552	67,320	69,033
16 to 19 years	2,756	2,734	2,516	2,617	1,541	1,902	2,126	2,207	2,396
16 to 17 years	1,021	1,139	1,060	946	670	761	788	974	984
18 to 19 years	1,735	1,595	1,456	1,684	877	1,140	1,347	1,284	1,402
20 years and over	70,983	64,384	65,997	71,665	59,947	61,638	64,426	65,113	66,637
20 to 24 years	7,006	5,807	5,965	6,950	4,801	5,163	5,523	5,644	5,908
25 years and over	63,978	58,577	60,032	64,708	55,147	56,420	58,906	59,498	60,728
25 to 54 years	46,852	42,761	43,739	47,301	40,533	41,455	43,231	43,385	44,164
25 to 34 years	16,593	14,900	15,193	16,738	14,058	14,478	15,041	15,086	15,323
35 to 44 years	15,257	14,304	14,633	15,392	13,558	13,753	14,409	14,531	14,762
45 to 54 years	15,003	13,557	13,914	15,171	12,917	13,225	13,781	13,769	14,079
55 years and over	17,125	15,816	16,292	17,406	14,615	14,964	15,675	16,113	16,564
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	46,259	43,615	44,420	46,221	41,683	42,822	43,702	43,768	44,391
Married women, spouse present(1)	35,829	33,934	34,703	36,389	31,860	32,978	34,440	34,794	35,275
Women who maintain families(2)	9,822	8,602	8,689	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	132,156	121,198	123,619	130,877	114,322	116,523	118,941	119,532	122,369
Part-time workers(4)	25,660	23,294	23,605	26,988	19,106	20,741	23,179	23,982	24,973
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,038	6,569	6,541	8,335	5,451	5,598	6,279	6,602	6,784
Percent of total employed	5.1	4.5	4.4	5.3	4.1	4.1	4.4	4.6	4.6
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,149	6,279	6,327	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,681	9,278	9,603	9,679	8,247	8,681	9,092	9,236	9,544
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	5,999	16,338	13,550	3.7	14.7	13.3	11.1	10.2	8.4
16 to 19 years	742	1,011	905	12.5	31.9	29.9	23.2	19.3	16.1
16 to 17 years	270	368	298	12.8	27.6	30.1	23.8	17.6	13.9
18 to 19 years	459	636	607	12.1	34.3	29.8	22.5	19.8	17.6
20 years and over	5,257	15,327	12,645	3.3	14.2	12.6	10.7	9.9	8.1
20 to 24 years	1,068	2,595	2,010	7.1	25.7	23.2	19.8	18.3	14.1
25 years and over	4,184	12,736	10,636	2.9	13.1	11.6	9.7	9.1	7.6
25 to 54 years	3,184	9,408	7,715	3.1	12.8	11.5	9.8	9.2	7.5
25 to 34 years	1,342	4,137	3,515	3.6	14.5	13.4	11.7	11.4	9.7
35 to 44 years	937	2,772	2,206	2.7	11.5	10.2	9.1	8.1	6.5
45 to 54 years	906	2,499	1,994	2.8	12.3	10.7	8.3	7.8	6.2
55 years and over	1,010	3,331	2,927	2.6	13.6	11.8	9.7	8.8	7.7
Men, 16 years and over	3,210	8,321	7,061	3.7	13.5	12.2	10.6	9.8	8.3
16 to 19 years	404	601	493	13.6	27.6	28.6	23.6	22.8	17.6
16 to 17 years	150	240	148	14.4	21.0	27.8	19.0	24.2	14.7
18 to 19 years	256	354	365	13.3	30.8	29.1	25.6	21.5	20.3
20 years and over	2,806	7,720	6,567	3.3	13.0	11.6	10.2	9.4	8.0
20 to 24 years	604	1,286	1,048	7.8	23.5	22.4	19.0	17.8	14.2
25 years and over	2,183	6,442	5,520	2.9	12.1	10.5	9.3	8.6	7.4
25 to 54 years	1,692	4,828	4,037	3.1	12.1	10.6	9.5	8.9	7.4
25 to 34 years	736	2,257	1,899	3.7	14.2	13.0	11.8	11.7	9.8
35 to 44 years	466	1,438	1,171	2.6	10.4	9.5	8.9	7.9	6.4
45 to 54 years	490	1,134	967	2.8	11.4	9.2	7.5	6.7	5.7
55 years and over	490	1,614	1,483	2.4	12.1	10.3	8.9	8.0	7.3
Women, 16 years and over	2,788	8,017	6,489	3.6	16.2	14.5	11.7	10.6	8.6
16 to 19 years	338	410	412	11.4	36.6	31.3	22.8	15.7	14.7
16 to 17 years	120	128	151	11.3	32.9	32.0	27.8	11.6	13.3
18 to 19 years	203	282	243	10.8	38.9	30.6	19.4	18.0	14.8
20 years and over	2,451	7,607	6,078	3.3	15.5	13.9	11.2	10.5	8.4
20 to 24 years	464	1,309	962	6.3	28.0	24.0	20.6	18.8	14.0
25 years and over	2,001	6,294	5,116	3.0	14.2	12.8	10.2	9.6	7.8
25 to 54 years	1,492	4,580	3,678	3.1	13.7	12.5	10.1	9.5	7.7
25 to 34 years	606	1,880	1,616	3.5	14.9	13.9	11.6	11.1	9.5
35 to 44 years	470	1,335	1,035	3.0	12.7	11.0	9.4	8.4	6.6
45 to 54 years	415	1,365	1,027	2.7	13.3	12.5	9.3	9.0	6.8
55 years and over	498	1,707	1,434	2.8	15.5	13.6	10.5	9.6	8.0
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	836	2,892	2,329	1.8	9.7	8.3	6.9	6.2	5.0
Married women, spouse present(1)	833	3,283	2,430	2.2	13.1	11.5	8.9	8.6	6.4
Women who maintain families(2)	523	1,216	1,011	5.1	15.9	15.8	13.1	12.4	10.4
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,732	12,920	11,082	3.5	12.9	12.0	10.4	9.8	8.3
Part-time workers(4)	1,243	3,447	2,459	4.4	24.5	19.7	14.7	12.6	9.0
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,906	13,079	10,347	2,864	20,626	18,291	14,272	12,924	10,307
On temporary layoff	863	9,444	6,206	812	18,063	15,343	10,565	9,225	6,160
Not on temporary layoff	2,042	3,635	4,141	2,052	2,563	2,948	3,707	3,699	4,147
Permanent job losers	1,389	2,862	3,398	1,388	2,000	2,295	2,883	2,877	3,411
Persons who completed temporary jobs	653	773	743	664	563	653	824	823	736
Job leavers	865	614	672	784	570	554	565	571	589
Reentrants	1,801	2,448	2,103	1,785	1,477	1,645	2,356	2,358	2,095
New entrants	631	741	620	577	389	536	563	513	554
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	46.8	77.5	75.3	47.7	89.4	87.0	80.4	79.0	76.1
On temporary layoff	13.9	55.9	45.2	13.5	78.3	73.0	59.5	56.4	45.5
Not on temporary layoff	32.9	21.5	30.1	34.1	11.1	14.0	20.9	22.6	30.6
Job leavers	13.9	3.6	4.9	13.0	2.5	2.6	3.2	3.5	4.4
Reentrants	29.0	14.5	15.3	29.7	6.4	7.8	13.3	14.4	15.5
New entrants	10.2	4.4	4.5	9.6	1.7	2.5	3.2	3.1	4.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.8	8.1	6.4	1.7	13.2	11.6	8.9	8.1	6.4
Job leavers	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reentrants	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.5	1.5	1.3
New entrants	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,216	3,430	2,283	2,218	14,283	3,875	2,838	3,202	2,281
5 to 14 weeks	2,009	5,556	3,442	1,746	7,004	14,814	11,496	5,169	3,134
15 weeks and over	1,978	7,896	8,018	2,082	1,772	2,242	3,294	7,986	8,140
15 to 26 weeks	708	6,328	6,381	831	833	1,078	1,903	6,484	6,517
27 weeks and over	1,270	1,569	1,637	1,251	939	1,164	1,391	1,501	1,624
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	21.7	16.1	19.7	22.1	6.1	9.9	15.7	17.9	20.2
Median duration, in weeks	8.6	13.7	16.2	9.0	2.0	7.7	13.6	15.0	16.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	35.7	20.3	16.6	36.7	61.9	18.5	16.1	19.6	16.8
5 to 14 weeks	32.4	32.9	25.0	28.9	30.4	70.8	65.2	31.6	23.1
15 weeks and over	31.9	46.8	58.3	34.4	7.7	10.7	18.7	48.8	60.1
15 to 26 weeks	11.4	37.5	46.4	13.7	3.6	5.2	10.8	39.6	48.1
27 weeks and over	20.5	9.3	11.9	20.7	4.1	5.6	7.9	9.2	12.0
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020
Total, 16 years and over(1)	157,816	147,224	6,203	13,742	3.8	8.5
Management, professional, and related occupations	63,679	63,095	1,476	3,680	2.3	5.5
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	26,717	27,090	506	1,325	1.9	4.7
Professional and related occupations	36,962	36,004	970	2,354	2.6	6.1
Service occupations	27,416	22,673	1,178	3,500	4.1	13.4
Sales and office occupations	33,484	30,434	1,337	2,581	3.8	7.8
Sales and related occupations	15,777	14,402	625	1,361	3.8	8.6
Office and administrative support occupations	17,707	16,032	712	1,220	3.9	7.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,549	13,559	601	1,162	4.0	7.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,115	977	50	77	4.3	7.3
Construction and extraction occupations	8,415	7,972	398	739	4.5	8.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	5,019	4,610	152	345	2.9	7.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,688	17,464	955	2,187	4.9	11.1
Production occupations	8,861	7,427	358	800	3.9	9.7
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,827	10,037	597	1,386	5.7	12.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,203	13,742	3.8	8.5
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,566	11,099	3.5	8.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	8	93	1.1	12.4
Construction	361	762	3.6	7.6
Manufacturing	512	1,003	3.2	6.7
Durable goods	282	610	2.8	6.5
Nondurable goods	229	393	3.9	7.0
Wholesale and retail trade	799	1,612	4.1	8.3
Transportation and utilities	308	847	4.2	11.3
Information	121	210	4.7	8.6
Financial activities	217	430	2.1	4.2
Professional and business services	582	1,286	3.2	7.2
Education and health services	668	1,530	2.7	6.3
Leisure and hospitality	728	2,751	5.0	21.3
Other services	262	574	3.8	9.1
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	63	83	3.8	5.6
Government workers	659	1,232	3.1	5.7
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	283	708	2.8	6.8
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.2	4.9	5.0	1.3	1.1	1.4	2.1	5.0	5.1
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.8	8.1	6.4	1.7	13.2	11.6	8.9	8.1	6.4
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.8	10.5	8.5	3.7	14.7	13.3	11.1	10.2	8.4
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.1	10.8	8.8	3.9	15.1	13.6	11.5	10.6	8.7
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.7	11.6	9.7	4.6	16.0	14.6	12.5	11.3	9.6
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.3	16.8	14.3	7.2	22.8	21.2	18.0	16.5	14.2
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020	Aug. 2019	Aug. 2020
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	95,413	99,592	38,326	40,436	57,087	59,156
Persons who currently want a job	5,331	7,184	2,353	3,389	2,978	3,795
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,564	2,083	843	1,119	721	965
Discouraged workers(2)	467	551	315	350	152	202
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,097	1,532	528	769	569	763
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,038	6,541	3,951	3,296	4,086	3,245
Percent of total employed	5.1	4.4	4.7	4.2	5.5	4.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,581	3,712	2,498	2,063	2,083	1,649
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,957	1,564	675	574	1,282	989
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	335	291	202	163	134	127
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,122	948	560	481	563	468
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)	Change from: July2020 - Aug.2020(p)
Total nonfarm	151,141	138,502	139,063	140,598	151,160	137,809	139,543	140,914	1,371
Total private	129,470	117,311	118,780	119,713	128,523	116,492	117,973	119,000	1,027
Goods-producing	21,433	20,134	20,231	20,295	21,087	19,859	19,920	19,963	43
Mining and logging	744	630	630	625	731	626	619	617	-2
Logging	53.1	51.3	52.3	51.8	51.5	51.3	51.2	50.3	-0.9
Mining	691.0	579.0	577.7	573.0	679.0	575.1	568.0	566.3	-1.7
Oil and gas extraction	154.9	154.5	156.7	155.2	152.3	153.6	154.8	153.7	-1.1
Mining, except oil and gas	193.8	180.2	183.1	183.7	189.8	177.1	179.7	180.0	0.3
Coal mining	52.4	44.0	45.3	45.7	52.2	44.0	45.5	45.6	0.1
Metal ore mining	41.5	40.1	41.0	41.3	41.1	39.8	40.7	40.9	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	99.9	96.1	96.8	96.7	96.5	93.3	93.5	93.5	0.0
Support activities for mining	342.3	244.3	237.9	234.1	336.9	244.4	233.5	232.6	-0.9
Construction	7,760	7,365	7,426	7,459	7,508	7,171	7,198	7,214	16
Construction of buildings	1,707.9	1,616.5	1,637.8	1,653.3	1,666.4	1,587.9	1,597.5	1,610.9	13.4
Residential building	846.7	814.7	830.6	837.1	825.3	799.3	816.9	820.1	3.2
Nonresidential building	861.2	801.8	807.2	816.2	841.1	788.6	780.6	790.8	10.2
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,138.2	1,070.4	1,073.2	1,075.5	1,074.1	1,016.9	1,015.9	1,010.4	-5.5
Specialty trade contractors	4,914.3	4,677.7	4,714.9	4,730.6	4,767.7	4,566.5	4,584.1	4,592.9	8.8
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,149.9	2,074.7	2,097.8	2,117.3	2,082.5	2,020.4	2,034.7	2,059.2	24.5
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,764.4	2,603.0	2,617.1	2,613.3	2,685.2	2,546.1	2,549.4	2,533.7	-15.7
Manufacturing	12,929	12,139	12,175	12,211	12,848	12,062	12,103	12,132	29
Durable goods	8,097	7,584	7,583	7,591	8,066	7,534	7,560	7,562	2
Wood products	410.8	391.2	390.6	392.6	408.9	388.5	387.4	388.5	1.1
Nonmetallic mineral products	428.5	407.5	408.8	405.1	421.6	400.6	402.7	398.3	-4.4
Primary metals	385.3	341.3	338.8	337.4	384.5	339.1	338.1	337.6	-0.5
Fabricated metal products	1,496.5	1,405.6	1,389.0	1,391.3	1,491.6	1,396.2	1,381.7	1,387.6	5.9
Machinery	1,129.0	1,049.2	1,044.9	1,040.1	1,125.7	1,042.0	1,038.3	1,037.0	-1.3
Computer and electronic products	1,090.2	1,094.3	1,090.0	1,091.1	1,085.5	1,089.6	1,083.8	1,086.1	2.3
Computer and peripheral equipment	165.2	170.3	169.3	170.4	163.8	170.2	169.6	169.9	0.3
Communications equipment	83.9	83.2	82.1	83.0	83.7	82.9	82.3	82.6	0.3
Semiconductors and electronic components	380.3	377.6	375.9	374.6	378.8	374.7	372.1	372.1	0.0
Electronic instruments	427.5	428.6	427.3	427.3	426.3	427.6	424.8	426.2	1.4
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	33.3	34.6	35.4	35.8	33.0	34.2	35.0	35.3	0.3
Electrical equipment and appliances	407.3	384.1	382.2	380.8	405.8	383.9	379.7	379.3	-0.4
Transportation equipment(1)	1,738.4	1,578.7	1,595.2	1,602.7	1,736.3	1,567.6	1,608.4	1,600.0	-8.4
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	997.8	873.0	892.4	905.7	998.2	865.3	910.2	904.9	-5.3
Furniture and related products	390.1	350.7	350.8	354.8	387.1	348.7	348.7	354.4	5.7
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	620.8	581.1	592.7	594.6	619.4	577.5	591.0	593.0	2.0
Nondurable goods	4,832	4,555	4,592	4,620	4,782	4,528	4,543	4,570	27
Food manufacturing	1,671.9	1,594.1	1,622.2	1,637.9	1,640.7	1,585.3	1,593.1	1,605.2	12.1
Textile mills	109.1	93.9	92.0	91.3	108.6	93.7	92.2	91.0	-1.2
Textile product mills	113.9	103.6	102.0	102.3	112.9	103.9	100.8	102.0	1.2
Apparel	111.0	84.8	82.7	86.5	111.5	84.1	83.1	86.3	3.2
Paper and paper products	366.0	354.5	357.0	356.3	365.3	353.2	355.0	355.0	0.0
Printing and related support activities	426.3	363.9	364.7	361.7	424.8	363.1	364.4	360.3	-4.1
Petroleum and coal products	117.0	106.4	107.2	106.7	113.3	103.2	103.3	103.9	0.6
Chemicals	851.4	832.6	837.8	840.1	849.3	829.8	834.3	839.8	5.5
Plastics and rubber products	741.3	726.2	723.8	728.9	739.6	721.0	719.6	726.1	6.5
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	324.0	294.9	302.2	307.8	316.4	290.2	297.1	300.5	3.4
Private service-providing	108,037	97,177	98,549	99,418	107,436	96,633	98,053	99,037	984
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,619	25,868	26,087	26,382	27,688	25,852	26,118	26,459	341
Wholesale trade	5,927.1	5,636.9	5,619.0	5,626.7	5,906.8	5,612.3	5,592.7	5,606.2	13.5
Durable goods	3,223.3	3,055.6	3,060.9	3,061.5	3,210.9	3,045.8	3,047.7	3,048.1	0.4
Nondurable goods	2,176.2	2,079.9	2,058.9	2,060.6	2,170.1	2,065.8	2,046.0	2,054.5	8.5
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	527.6	501.4	499.2	504.6	525.8	500.7	499.0	503.6	4.6
Retail trade	15,596.6	14,547.0	14,783.9	14,998.6	15,613.8	14,531.5	14,767.7	15,016.6	248.9
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,050.1	1,885.5	1,914.4	1,937.1	2,037.5	1,874.8	1,903.0	1,925.3	22.3
Automobile dealers	1,304.4	1,170.0	1,188.7	1,206.1	1,299.2	1,168.0	1,186.2	1,203.0	16.8
Other motor vehicle dealers	168.3	156.5	158.4	159.6	162.1	148.0	149.9	152.9	3.0
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	577.4	559.0	567.3	571.4	576.1	558.8	566.9	569.4	2.5
Furniture and home furnishings stores	465.1	366.6	390.7	400.4	470.7	370.8	396.7	407.2	10.5
Electronics and appliance stores	463.0	375.3	399.6	417.8	471.8	381.1	409.5	430.3	20.8
Building material and garden supply stores	1,301.3	1,428.1	1,414.6	1,401.3	1,301.9	1,365.0	1,375.6	1,388.8	13.2
Food and beverage stores	3,086.5	3,162.9	3,145.9	3,142.3	3,072.9	3,142.4	3,122.3	3,126.1	3.8
Health and personal care stores	1,040.3	932.9	951.1	963.4	1,050.2	935.9	955.5	970.8	15.3
Gasoline stations	958.6	915.2	924.5	931.7	947.8	904.6	911.7	918.0	6.3
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,297.6	791.4	904.9	915.7	1,293.8	804.9	905.8	916.9	11.1
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	550.6	409.1	429.1	439.0	555.9	419.5	439.1	444.9	5.8
General merchandise stores	2,985.3	3,060.9	3,056.6	3,176.4	3,018.9	3,116.4	3,101.9	3,218.3	116.4
Department stores	1,044.6	936.7	985.9	1,021.5	1,068.7	970.9	1,018.8	1,051.1	32.3
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,940.7	2,124.2	2,070.7	2,154.9	1,950.2	2,145.5	2,083.1	2,167.2	84.1
Miscellaneous store retailers	839.5	689.8	717.5	731.6	830.8	682.8	706.7	723.9	17.2
Nonstore retailers	558.7	529.3	535.0	541.9	561.6	533.3	539.9	546.1	6.2
Transportation and warehousing	5,544.9	5,143.6	5,142.5	5,215.9	5,618.1	5,170.5	5,219.3	5,297.4	78.1
Air transportation	505.8	381.9	399.1	406.5	503.1	378.6	395.6	403.1	7.5
Rail transportation	173.5	144.6	145.5	145.5	172.6	145.5	145.3	145.4	0.1
Water transportation	68.3	57.2	57.7	57.6	65.7	55.2	55.3	55.2	-0.1
Truck transportation	1,552.6	1,450.3	1,458.0	1,466.8	1,531.5	1,437.4	1,439.5	1,449.5	10.0
Transit and ground passenger transportation	429.9	308.4	275.2	284.2	493.1	314.5	336.7	348.1	11.4
Pipeline transportation	51.4	50.2	50.0	49.8	51.3	50.1	50.0	49.8	-0.2
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	47.2	26.6	27.3	27.2	36.2	21.0	20.7	20.8	0.1
Support activities for transportation	753.2	668.1	675.5	681.9	752.6	668.0	673.4	680.6	7.2
Couriers and messengers	781.2	873.7	877.1	883.6	821.5	906.8	915.6	923.3	7.7
Warehousing and storage	1,181.8	1,182.6	1,177.1	1,212.8	1,190.5	1,193.4	1,187.2	1,221.6	34.4
Utilities	550.8	540.1	541.4	540.9	548.9	537.8	538.4	539.0	0.6
Information	2,887	2,584	2,585	2,594	2,861	2,576	2,567	2,582	15
Publishing industries, except Internet	767.7	740.1	734.7	737.3	762.9	738.0	730.4	733.7	3.3
Motion picture and sound recording industries	455.7	223.0	226.0	237.8	441.4	216.1	214.1	228.0	13.9
Broadcasting, except Internet	264.3	238.3	238.3	242.3	265.3	238.9	239.2	243.5	4.3
Telecommunications	709.7	681.6	684.5	680.8	708.4	683.5	685.0	682.3	-2.7
Data processing, hosting and related services	343.2	343.8	342.4	336.7	341.0	343.8	341.8	338.6	-3.2
Other information services	346.4	357.0	358.9	358.6	342.1	355.8	356.2	356.2	0.0
Financial activities	8,835	8,648	8,682	8,713	8,768	8,605	8,618	8,654	36
Finance and insurance	6,465.3	6,458.1	6,475.9	6,484.4	6,439.5	6,446.9	6,451.8	6,464.7	12.9
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.9	19.9	20.2	20.0	19.7	19.8	19.8	19.8	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,663.7	2,656.6	2,662.2	2,666.5	2,650.6	2,649.5	2,650.6	2,659.5	8.9
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,783.9	1,778.1	1,773.7	1,769.1	1,776.7	1,770.0	1,764.8	1,763.0	-1.8
Commercial banking	1,396.5	1,388.8	1,384.8	1,380.1	1,391.3	1,382.6	1,377.9	1,376.5	-1.4
Nondepository credit intermediation	580.2	572.1	578.5	587.9	574.7	571.5	575.3	585.3	10.0
Activities related to credit intermediation	299.6	306.4	310.0	309.5	299.2	308.0	310.5	311.2	0.7
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	975.2	968.5	976.1	980.2	966.6	967.4	968.6	969.5	0.9
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,806.5	2,813.1	2,817.4	2,817.7	2,802.6	2,810.2	2,812.8	2,815.9	3.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,370.1	2,189.4	2,206.1	2,228.6	2,328.3	2,158.0	2,166.0	2,189.1	23.1
Real estate	1,749.2	1,684.0	1,694.7	1,711.9	1,726.4	1,668.6	1,673.7	1,688.6	14.9
Rental and leasing services	597.2	482.0	487.9	493.2	578.7	466.5	469.3	477.4	8.1
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.7	23.4	23.5	23.5	23.2	22.9	23.0	23.1	0.1
Professional and business services	21,521	19,838	20,002	20,220	21,377	19,725	19,878	20,075	197
Professional and technical services	9,585.7	9,249.9	9,308.5	9,335.7	9,587.0	9,282.0	9,294.4	9,336.1	41.7
Legal services	1,153.0	1,115.0	1,115.7	1,109.8	1,152.6	1,105.2	1,107.5	1,107.5	0.0
Accounting and bookkeeping services	977.1	945.2	948.3	949.8	1,030.6	1,012.1	1,012.1	1,010.5	-1.6
Architectural and engineering services	1,536.4	1,488.7	1,495.3	1,501.7	1,516.8	1,470.9	1,469.6	1,484.0	14.4
Specialized design services	143.2	132.3	131.9	132.6	143.7	131.7	132.0	132.6	0.6
Computer systems design and related services	2,235.2	2,154.4	2,177.4	2,187.1	2,222.1	2,158.7	2,153.6	2,166.4	12.8
Management and technical consulting services	1,546.3	1,491.6	1,499.8	1,507.0	1,538.7	1,491.1	1,493.5	1,498.8	5.3
Scientific research and development services	738.2	743.0	749.2	755.2	732.3	736.4	739.8	749.4	9.6
Advertising and related services	493.4	454.4	448.4	445.7	491.8	452.2	445.3	443.4	-1.9
Other professional and technical services	762.9	725.3	742.5	746.8	758.3	723.7	741.0	743.5	2.5
Management of companies and enterprises	2,445.4	2,360.9	2,351.9	2,350.7	2,434.5	2,344.3	2,333.7	2,337.8	4.1
Administrative and waste services	9,489.5	8,227.0	8,341.3	8,533.6	9,355.0	8,098.5	8,249.7	8,400.9	151.2
Administrative and support services	9,025.5	7,769.6	7,881.3	8,074.9	8,897.2	7,646.8	7,798.4	7,949.2	150.8
Office administrative services	529.8	497.6	506.7	508.5	528.3	494.0	505.5	506.3	0.8
Facilities support services	167.1	154.9	158.4	155.5	165.7	155.4	158.5	156.0	-2.5
Employment services(1)	3,647.0	2,845.3	2,935.7	3,109.4	3,633.8	2,845.4	2,972.6	3,098.9	126.3
Temporary help services	2,949.6	2,235.5	2,315.6	2,475.3	2,941.7	2,239.4	2,361.2	2,467.9	106.7
Business support services	866.0	746.9	751.5	767.1	875.7	759.1	760.9	774.2	13.3
Travel arrangement and reservation services	222.8	165.1	161.9	158.0	220.1	162.2	159.3	156.4	-2.9
Investigation and security services	963.4	903.4	900.2	910.4	958.2	903.4	901.8	907.2	5.4
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,288.8	2,153.7	2,172.7	2,166.1	2,176.5	2,030.4	2,044.4	2,049.5	5.1
Other support services	340.6	302.7	294.2	299.9	339.0	296.9	295.4	300.7	5.3
Waste management and remediation services	464.0	457.4	460.0	458.7	457.8	451.7	451.3	451.7	0.4
Education and health services	23,980	22,556	22,649	22,815	24,262	22,760	22,982	23,129	147
Educational services	3,491.1	3,237.0	3,165.8	3,221.1	3,779.5	3,446.7	3,473.1	3,530.0	56.9
Health care and social assistance	20,488.7	19,318.7	19,483.0	19,593.7	20,482.4	19,313.3	19,509.0	19,599.1	90.1
Health care(3)	16,345.3	15,596.4	15,739.6	15,811.1	16,317.6	15,582.5	15,716.5	15,791.8	75.3
Ambulatory health care services	7,732.9	7,283.0	7,414.1	7,487.4	7,724.8	7,277.4	7,407.1	7,482.1	75.0
Offices of physicians	2,678.0	2,562.0	2,593.1	2,619.0	2,678.0	2,563.2	2,592.9	2,619.4	26.5
Offices of dentists	976.3	871.9	918.9	942.9	971.9	869.8	917.7	939.3	21.6
Offices of other health practitioners	975.7	867.7	885.3	895.2	973.6	865.5	882.6	893.2	10.6
Outpatient care centers	965.0	930.3	942.8	944.9	965.4	931.3	943.3	945.7	2.4
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	283.7	265.1	275.0	274.8	284.3	264.7	274.2	274.5	0.3
Home health care services	1,539.8	1,485.4	1,496.9	1,506.8	1,537.4	1,483.4	1,494.6	1,506.2	11.6
Other ambulatory health care services	314.4	300.6	302.1	303.8	314.4	299.5	301.8	303.8	2.0
Hospitals	5,211.2	5,107.7	5,136.2	5,148.1	5,207.9	5,106.0	5,133.6	5,147.6	14.0
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,401.2	3,205.7	3,189.3	3,175.6	3,384.9	3,199.1	3,175.8	3,162.1	-13.7
Nursing care facilities	1,608.0	1,495.6	1,480.2	1,474.1	1,599.8	1,494.4	1,476.5	1,468.8	-7.7
Residential mental health facilities	651.2	616.9	620.9	622.6	649.5	614.4	616.8	620.0	3.2
Community care facilities for the elderly	975.5	932.7	927.2	919.8	970.6	931.1	923.1	915.2	-7.9
Other residential care facilities	166.5	160.5	161.0	159.1	165.0	159.2	159.4	158.1	-1.3
Social assistance	4,143.4	3,722.3	3,743.4	3,782.6	4,164.8	3,730.8	3,792.5	3,807.3	14.8
Individual and family services	2,638.9	2,500.4	2,512.6	2,519.8	2,634.8	2,496.9	2,507.2	2,518.5	11.3
Emergency and other relief services	184.3	179.4	184.5	181.1	184.3	178.7	184.3	182.3	-2.0
Vocational rehabilitation services	324.1	275.3	280.4	284.5	320.8	272.8	275.4	281.5	6.1
Child day care services	996.1	767.2	765.9	797.2	1,024.8	782.4	825.6	825.0	-0.6
Leisure and hospitality	17,244	12,437	13,139	13,249	16,570	11,933	12,554	12,728	174
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,711.5	1,664.2	1,815.0	1,790.0	2,421.0	1,486.1	1,577.6	1,602.7	25.1
Performing arts and spectator sports	538.1	285.4	272.9	289.5	513.6	268.3	257.1	276.2	19.1
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	184.3	136.0	138.6	136.6	172.3	124.9	124.8	127.1	2.3
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,989.1	1,242.8	1,403.5	1,363.9	1,735.1	1,092.9	1,195.7	1,199.4	3.7
Accommodation and food services	14,532.8	10,772.9	11,324.0	11,459.4	14,148.5	10,446.7	10,976.6	11,125.6	149.0
Accommodation	2,218.3	1,398.4	1,447.4	1,452.1	2,079.0	1,290.5	1,295.1	1,310.5	15.4
Food services and drinking places	12,314.5	9,374.5	9,876.6	10,007.3	12,069.5	9,156.2	9,681.5	9,815.1	133.6
Other services	5,951	5,246	5,405	5,445	5,910	5,182	5,336	5,410	74
Repair and maintenance	1,363.3	1,282.4	1,290.5	1,315.4	1,360.0	1,274.3	1,283.4	1,312.1	28.7
Personal and laundry services	1,533.1	1,122.4	1,244.2	1,252.7	1,525.8	1,110.2	1,235.3	1,249.2	13.9
Membership associations and organizations	3,054.9	2,841.4	2,870.4	2,877.0	3,024.1	2,797.0	2,817.7	2,848.5	30.8
Government	21,671	21,191	20,283	20,885	22,637	21,317	21,570	21,914	344
Federal	2,867.0	2,898	2,928	3,176	2,857.0	2,883	2,912	3,163	251
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,262.9	2,294.2	2,334.5	2,576.3	2,250.2	2,280.1	2,314.3	2,561.0	246.7
U.S. Postal Service	604.5	603.5	593.6	599.8	607.2	602.9	597.5	601.7	4.2
State government	4,917.0	4,705	4,652	4,706	5,184.0	4,973	4,983	4,981	-2
State government education	2,204.8	1,998.8	1,943.2	1,996.0	2,489.3	2,282.2	2,288.4	2,284.5	-3.9
State government, excluding education	2,711.7	2,705.8	2,709.2	2,710.0	2,694.3	2,690.6	2,694.7	2,696.7	2.0
Local government	13,887.0	13,588	12,703	13,003	14,596.0	13,461	13,675	13,770	95
Local government education	7,128.9	7,307.5	6,346.8	6,641.2	8,020.5	7,365.4	7,548.2	7,579.9	31.7
Local government, excluding education	6,758.4	6,280.4	6,356.5	6,362.1	6,575.8	6,095.6	6,126.3	6,189.6	63.3
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.6	34.5	34.6
Goods-producing	40.3	39.1	39.5	39.7
Mining and logging	46.2	43.4	43.9	44.0
Construction	39.4	38.8	38.8	38.9
Manufacturing	40.5	39.1	39.7	40.0
Durable goods	41.0	39.1	39.9	40.2
Nondurable goods	39.7	39.1	39.4	39.6
Private service-providing	33.2	33.6	33.5	33.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.2	34.3	34.1	34.1
Wholesale trade	38.9	38.2	38.4	38.4
Retail trade	30.6	31.2	30.6	30.7
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	38.1	38.3	38.5
Utilities	42.4	42.4	42.6	43.3
Information	36.5	36.5	36.3	36.6
Financial activities	37.7	37.5	37.5	37.5
Professional and business services	36.2	36.3	36.3	36.5
Education and health services	33.0	33.1	33.4	33.3
Leisure and hospitality	25.8	25.8	25.4	25.8
Other services	31.8	32.4	32.2	32.2
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.2	2.5	2.9	3.0
Durable goods	3.2	2.2	2.7	2.9
Nondurable goods	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)
Total private	$28.16	$29.32	$29.36	$29.47	$968.70	$1,014.47	$1,012.92	$1,019.66
Goods-producing	29.13	29.94	30.07	30.18	1,173.94	1,170.65	1,187.77	1,198.15
Mining and logging	34.15	35.32	35.22	35.10	1,577.73	1,532.89	1,546.16	1,544.40
Construction	30.87	31.65	31.78	31.88	1,216.28	1,228.02	1,233.06	1,240.13
Manufacturing	27.81	28.62	28.78	28.92	1,126.31	1,119.04	1,142.57	1,156.80
Durable goods	29.26	29.99	30.19	30.37	1,199.66	1,172.61	1,204.58	1,220.87
Nondurable goods	25.30	26.35	26.40	26.49	1,004.41	1,030.29	1,040.16	1,049.00
Private service-providing	27.93	29.17	29.19	29.29	927.28	980.11	977.87	984.14
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24.38	25.06	25.34	25.47	833.80	859.56	864.09	868.53
Wholesale trade	31.62	32.30	32.44	32.52	1,230.02	1,233.86	1,245.70	1,248.77
Retail trade	19.79	20.62	21.00	21.22	605.57	643.34	642.60	651.45
Transportation and warehousing	24.93	25.28	25.43	25.52	954.82	963.17	973.97	982.52
Utilities	41.92	43.46	43.48	43.95	1,777.41	1,842.70	1,852.25	1,903.04
Information	42.80	43.35	44.14	44.09	1,562.20	1,582.28	1,602.28	1,613.69
Financial activities	36.19	37.83	37.71	37.99	1,364.36	1,418.63	1,414.13	1,424.63
Professional and business services	33.86	35.15	35.05	35.18	1,225.73	1,275.95	1,272.32	1,284.07
Education and health services	27.71	28.39	28.46	28.58	914.43	939.71	950.56	951.71
Leisure and hospitality	16.62	16.99	16.89	17.01	428.80	438.34	429.01	438.86
Other services	25.30	26.66	26.54	26.47	804.54	863.78	854.59	852.33
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)	Percent change from: July 2020 - Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)	Percent change from: July 2020 - Aug. 2020(p)
Total private	111.0	101.2	102.2	103.4	1.2	149.4	141.8	143.4	145.6	1.5
Goods-producing	96.8	88.5	89.6	90.3	0.8	127.5	119.7	121.8	123.2	1.1
Mining and logging	106.1	85.4	85.4	85.3	-0.1	145.5	121.1	120.7	120.2	-0.4
Construction	102.0	95.9	96.3	96.7	0.4	136.8	131.9	132.9	134.0	0.8
Manufacturing	93.6	84.8	86.4	87.3	1.0	121.1	112.9	115.7	117.4	1.5
Durable goods	93.1	82.9	84.9	85.6	0.8	121.0	110.5	113.9	115.4	1.3
Nondurable goods	94.8	88.4	89.3	90.3	1.1	121.6	118.2	119.7	121.4	1.4
Private service-providing	114.8	104.5	105.8	107.1	1.2	155.9	148.2	150.0	152.5	1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103.3	96.8	97.2	98.4	1.2	135.8	130.8	132.8	135.2	1.8
Wholesale trade	101.4	94.6	94.7	95.0	0.3	134.1	127.8	128.5	129.2	0.5
Retail trade	97.0	92.1	91.8	93.6	2.0	126.9	125.5	127.3	131.3	3.1
Transportation and warehousing	123.6	113.2	114.9	117.2	2.0	156.8	145.6	148.6	152.1	2.4
Utilities	100.7	98.7	99.2	101.0	1.8	139.5	141.7	142.6	146.6	2.8
Information	95.4	85.9	85.1	86.3	1.4	145.3	132.5	133.7	135.5	1.3
Financial activities	108.3	105.7	105.9	106.3	0.4	152.9	156.0	155.8	157.6	1.2
Professional and business services	121.3	112.3	113.1	114.9	1.6	166.4	159.8	160.6	163.7	1.9
Education and health services	130.7	123.0	125.3	125.8	0.4	174.3	168.0	171.6	172.9	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	122.0	87.8	91.0	93.7	3.0	163.6	120.4	124.0	128.6	3.7
Other services	108.4	96.8	99.1	100.4	1.3	150.3	141.4	144.1	145.7	1.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)
Total nonfarm	75,454	68,254	69,345	70,145	49.9	49.5	49.7	49.8
Total private	62,378	56,008	56,909	57,515	48.5	48.1	48.2	48.3
Goods-producing	4,724	4,477	4,492	4,526	22.4	22.5	22.6	22.7
Mining and logging	97	93	92	92	13.3	14.9	14.9	14.9
Construction	976	953	957	963	13.0	13.3	13.3	13.3
Manufacturing	3,651	3,431	3,443	3,471	28.4	28.4	28.4	28.6
Durable goods	1,943	1,828	1,834	1,848	24.1	24.3	24.3	24.4
Nondurable goods	1,708	1,603	1,609	1,623	35.7	35.4	35.4	35.5
Private service-providing	57,654	51,531	52,417	52,989	53.7	53.3	53.5	53.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,081	10,074	10,220	10,394	40.0	39.0	39.1	39.3
Wholesale trade	1,776.2	1,673.6	1,674.4	1,684.0	30.1	29.8	29.9	30.0
Retail trade	7,733.4	7,018.3	7,154.3	7,295.8	49.5	48.3	48.4	48.6
Transportation and warehousing	1,438.9	1,250.2	1,259.0	1,281.9	25.6	24.2	24.1	24.2
Utilities	132.2	131.6	132.5	132.4	24.1	24.5	24.6	24.6
Information	1,143	1,036	1,023	1,036	40.0	40.2	39.9	40.1
Financial activities	4,960	4,866	4,872	4,894	56.6	56.5	56.5	56.6
Professional and business services	9,745	8,975	9,091	9,211	45.6	45.5	45.7	45.9
Education and health services	18,764	17,550	17,711	17,830	77.3	77.1	77.1	77.1
Leisure and hospitality	8,803	6,332	6,693	6,781	53.1	53.1	53.3	53.3
Other services	3,158	2,698	2,807	2,843	53.4	52.1	52.6	52.6
Government	13,076	12,246	12,436	12,630	57.8	57.4	57.7	57.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)
Total private	105,731	94,385	95,796	96,734
Goods-producing	15,098	14,098	14,138	14,174
Mining and logging	535	436	429	432
Construction	5,595	5,292	5,296	5,324
Manufacturing	8,968	8,370	8,413	8,418
Durable goods	5,552	5,112	5,142	5,134
Nondurable goods	3,416	3,258	3,271	3,284
Private service-providing	90,633	80,287	81,658	82,560
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,420	21,745	21,970	22,303
Wholesale trade	4,738.7	4,447.9	4,436.5	4,456.6
Retail trade	13,320.5	12,393.7	12,593.2	12,826.6
Transportation and warehousing	4,919.6	4,476.5	4,512.9	4,592.3
Utilities	440.7	426.4	427.7	427.1
Information	2,306	2,032	2,042	2,041
Financial activities	6,781	6,571	6,566	6,581
Professional and business services	17,365	15,717	15,879	16,085
Education and health services	21,314	19,868	20,102	20,234
Leisure and hospitality	14,558	10,154	10,765	10,934
Other services	4,889	4,200	4,334	4,382
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.6	34.0	34.0	34.0
Goods-producing	41.1	39.9	40.3	40.4
Mining and logging	47.2	44.1	44.1	44.6
Construction	39.9	39.4	39.4	39.3
Manufacturing	41.5	39.9	40.7	40.9
Durable goods	41.9	39.9	41.0	41.2
Nondurable goods	40.9	40.0	40.3	40.5
Private service-providing	32.4	32.9	32.9	32.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.8	34.1	34.1	34.0
Wholesale trade	38.7	37.9	38.1	38.1
Retail trade	30.3	31.0	30.9	30.8
Transportation and warehousing	37.9	38.1	38.5	38.3
Utilities	42.6	42.3	42.6	42.9
Information	35.2	36.2	35.9	36.9
Financial activities	36.8	36.9	37.0	36.8
Professional and business services	35.6	35.7	35.8	35.9
Education and health services	32.2	32.5	32.7	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	24.6	24.2	24.0	24.4
Other services	30.8	31.6	31.2	31.2
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.2	3.2	3.7	3.7
Durable goods	4.2	3.0	3.7	3.7
Nondurable goods	4.2	3.6	3.7	3.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)
Total private	$23.64	$24.73	$24.63	$24.81	$794.30	$840.82	$837.42	$843.54
Goods-producing	24.83	25.38	25.45	25.49	1,020.51	1,012.66	1,025.64	1,029.80
Mining and logging	30.17	30.74	30.61	30.62	1,424.02	1,355.63	1,349.90	1,365.65
Construction	28.58	29.32	29.31	29.43	1,140.34	1,155.21	1,154.81	1,156.60
Manufacturing	22.22	22.61	22.82	22.82	922.13	902.14	928.77	933.34
Durable goods	23.11	23.47	23.78	23.79	968.31	936.45	974.98	980.15
Nondurable goods	20.74	21.25	21.27	21.27	848.27	850.00	857.18	861.44
Private service-providing	23.39	24.60	24.45	24.67	757.84	809.34	804.41	811.64
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20.78	21.66	21.29	21.77	702.36	738.61	725.99	740.18
Wholesale trade	26.28	26.87	26.90	27.00	1,017.04	1,018.37	1,024.89	1,028.70
Retail trade	16.72	18.10	17.47	18.03	506.62	561.10	539.82	555.32
Transportation and warehousing	22.54	22.73	22.57	23.33	854.27	866.01	868.95	893.54
Utilities	36.98	38.61	38.59	38.94	1,575.35	1,633.20	1,643.93	1,670.53
Information	34.16	35.74	35.97	36.21	1,202.43	1,293.79	1,291.32	1,336.15
Financial activities	27.82	29.03	29.15	29.33	1,023.78	1,071.21	1,078.55	1,079.34
Professional and business services	27.96	29.27	29.20	29.39	995.38	1,044.94	1,045.36	1,055.10
Education and health services	24.45	25.25	25.26	25.35	787.29	820.63	826.00	828.95
Leisure and hospitality	14.55	14.53	14.53	14.68	357.93	351.63	348.72	358.19
Other services	21.47	22.48	22.43	22.41	661.28	710.37	699.82	699.19
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)	Percent change from: July 2020 - Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	Aug. 2020(p)	Percent change from: July 2020 - Aug. 2020(p)
Total private	118.4	106.9	108.5	109.6	1.0	187.0	176.8	178.7	181.7	1.7
Goods-producing	94.8	86.0	87.1	87.5	0.5	144.2	133.6	135.7	136.6	0.7
Mining and logging	134.2	102.2	100.5	102.4	1.9	235.5	182.7	179.0	182.3	1.8
Construction	111.8	104.4	104.5	104.8	0.3	172.5	165.3	165.4	166.5	0.7
Manufacturing	85.4	76.7	78.6	79.0	0.5	124.1	113.4	117.3	118.0	0.6
Durable goods	87.4	76.6	79.2	79.5	0.4	126.1	112.3	117.6	118.0	0.3
Nondurable goods	82.3	76.8	77.7	78.4	0.9	120.6	115.3	116.7	117.8	0.9
Private service-providing	125.1	112.5	114.5	115.7	1.0	200.7	189.9	192.0	195.8	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	110.7	103.7	104.8	106.0	1.1	164.4	160.5	159.4	165.0	3.5
Wholesale trade	108.8	100.0	100.3	100.8	0.5	168.8	158.7	159.3	160.6	0.8
Retail trade	102.1	97.2	98.5	100.0	1.5	146.3	150.8	147.4	154.5	4.8
Transportation and warehousing	141.1	129.1	131.5	133.1	1.2	202.4	186.7	188.9	197.7	4.7
Utilities	96.0	92.2	93.2	93.7	0.5	148.2	148.7	150.1	152.3	1.5
Information	92.6	84.0	83.7	86.0	2.7	156.7	148.5	149.0	154.1	3.4
Financial activities	117.4	114.1	114.3	114.0	-0.3	201.0	203.8	205.1	205.7	0.3
Professional and business services	138.2	125.5	127.1	129.1	1.6	229.8	218.4	220.7	225.7	2.3
Education and health services	146.3	137.7	140.2	141.1	0.6	236.1	229.4	233.7	236.0	1.0
Leisure and hospitality	131.2	90.0	94.6	97.7	3.3	216.8	148.5	156.2	162.9	4.3
Other services	105.6	93.1	94.8	95.9	1.2	165.2	152.5	155.0	156.6	1.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.