Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-25-1344
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 5, 2025

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                            THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- AUGUST 2025


Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in August (+22,000) and has shown little change
since April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported today. The unemployment rate, at
4.3 percent, also changed little in August. A job gain in health care was partially offset by
losses in federal government and in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about
the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.3 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.4 million,
changed little in August. These measures also changed little over the year. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.1 percent), adult women 
(3.8 percent), teenagers (13.9 percent), Whites (3.7 percent), Blacks (7.5 percent), Asians
(3.6 percent), and Hispanics (5.3 percent) showed little or no change in August. (See tables A-1,
A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of new entrants decreased by 199,000 in August to 786,000,
largely offsetting an increase in the prior month. New entrants are unemployed people who are
looking for their first job. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) changed little at 1.9
million in August but has increased by 385,000 over the year. In August, the long-term
unemployed accounted for 25.7 percent of all unemployed people. (See table A-12.)

In August, the labor force participation rate changed little at 62.3 percent, and the
employment-population ratio was unchanged at 59.6 percent. Both measures have declined by
0.4 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.7 million, changed little in 
August. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time 
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 6.4 million, changed
little in August but was up by 722,000 over the year. These individuals were not counted as
unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the
survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached 
to the labor force changed little at 1.8 million in August. These individuals wanted and were
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, also changed little over
the month at 514,000. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in August (+22,000) and has shown little change
since April. Over the month, a job gain in health care was partially offset by losses in federal
government and in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. (See table B-1.)

In August, health care added 31,000 jobs, below the average monthly gain of 42,000 over the prior
12 months. Employment continued to trend up over the month in ambulatory health care services
(+13,000), nursing and residential care facilities (+9,000), and hospitals (+9,000).

Employment in social assistance continued to trend up in August (+16,000), reflecting continued
job growth in individual and family services (+16,000). 

Federal government employment continued to decline in August (-15,000) and is down by 97,000
since reaching a peak in January. (Employees on paid leave or receiving ongoing severance pay are
counted as employed in the establishment survey.)

In August, employment in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction declined by 6,000, after
changing little over the prior 12 months. 
 
Wholesale trade employment continued to trend down in August (-12,000) and has fallen by 32,000
since May. 

Manufacturing employment changed little in August (-12,000) but is down by 78,000 over the year.
Employment in transportation equipment manufacturing declined by 15,000 over the month, in part
due to strike activity. 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including construction,
retail trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, professional and
business services, leisure and hospitality, and other services.

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 cents, or 0.3
percent, to $36.53 in August. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by
3.7 percent. In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees rose by 12 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $31.46. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

In August, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.2 hours for
the third month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek edged down to 40.0 hours, and
overtime remained unchanged at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.7 hours in August. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 27,000, from +14,000
to -13,000, and the change for July was revised up by 6,000, from +73,000 to +79,000. With these
revisions, employment in June and July combined is 21,000 lower than previously reported.
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government
agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 3, 2025,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 _________________________________________________________________________________________________
|												  |
|               2025 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data		  |
|                            to be released on September 9, 2025				  |
|												  |
| Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of	  |
| employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month of March.	  |
| These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all	  |
| employers are required to file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on September 9, 2025, BLS will release	  |
| the preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision to the establishment	  |
| survey data. This is the same day that the first-quarter 2025 data from QCEW will be issued. 	  |
|												  |
| Official establishment survey estimates are not updated based on this preliminary benchmark	  |
| revision. The final benchmark revision will be incorporated into official estimates with the	  |
| publication of the January 2026 Employment Situation news release in February 2026.		  |
|_________________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Change from: July 2025- Aug. 2025
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	268,856	273,585	273,785	274,001	216
Civilian labor force	168,496	170,380	170,342	170,778	436
Participation rate	62.7	62.3	62.2	62.3	0.1
Employed	161,425	163,366	163,106	163,394	288
Employment-population ratio	60.0	59.7	59.6	59.6	0.0
Unemployed	7,071	7,015	7,236	7,384	148
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3	0.1
Not in labor force	100,360	103,204	103,443	103,223	-220
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3	0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.1	0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.8	0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	14.2	14.4	15.2	13.9	-1.3
White	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.7	0.0
Black or African American	6.1	6.8	7.2	7.5	0.3
Asian	4.1	3.5	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.4	4.8	5.0	5.3	0.3
Total, 25 years and over	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	0.0
Less than a high school diploma	7.0	5.8	5.5	6.7	1.2
High school graduates, no college	4.0	4.0	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.5	3.2	3.0	3.2	0.2
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.7	0.0
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,321	3,293	3,405	3,437	32
Job leavers	845	825	784	784	0
Reentrants	2,133	2,145	2,180	2,287	107
New entrants	708	710	985	786	-199
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,465	2,241	2,299	2,476	177
5 to 14 weeks	2,029	2,131	2,034	2,049	15
15 to 26 weeks	1,153	1,063	1,167	1,047	-120
27 weeks and over	1,545	1,647	1,826	1,930	104
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,822	4,465	4,684	4,749	65
Slack work or business conditions	3,320	3,109	3,035	3,063	28
Could only find part-time work	1,146	1,161	1,264	1,308	44
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,555	22,556	22,770	23,298	528
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,412	1,790	1,689	1,836	147
Discouraged workers	373	637	425	514	89
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	71	-13	79	22
Total private	33	-27	77	38
Goods-producing	-18	-21	-8	-25
Mining and logging	-1	-2	-5	-6
Construction	23	-2	-1	-7
Manufacturing	-40	-17	-2	-12
Durable goods(1)	-40	-15	5	-19
Motor vehicles and parts	-16.0	-3.0	2.0	-7.3
Nondurable goods	0	-2	-7	7
Private service-providing	51	-6	85	63
Wholesale trade	3.8	-12.1	-8.3	-11.7
Retail trade	-13.3	-5.0	7.2	10.5
Transportation and warehousing	1.7	3.8	6.3	3.6
Utilities	0.8	0.3	0.6	-0.8
Information	-7	-3	-7	-5
Financial activities	6	-6	9	-3
Professional and business services(1)	-32	-24	-10	-17
Temporary help services	-20.5	-10.0	-10.2	-9.8
Private education and health services(1)	65	51	77	46
Health care and social assistance	53.6	58.8	71.6	46.8
Leisure and hospitality	26	-5	6	28
Other services	0	-6	5	12
Government	38	14	2	-16
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	82	55	28	29
Total private	46	58	40	29
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.5
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.5	81.5	81.5	81.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.3	34.2	34.2	34.2
Average hourly earnings	$35.23	$36.31	$36.43	$36.53
Average weekly earnings	$1,208.39	$1,241.80	$1,245.91	$1,249.33
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.9	116.6	116.7	116.7
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	-0.3	0.1	0.0
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	195.3	202.5	203.3	203.9
Over-the-month percent change	0.8	-0.1	0.4	0.3
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	51.0	46.2	48.0	49.6
Manufacturing (72 industries)	34.7	47.2	45.1	45.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
   employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
   estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
   Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
   the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
   please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 631,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-86,000 to +186,000 (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Aug. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	268,856	273,785	274,001	268,856	273,197	273,385	273,585	273,785	274,001
Civilian labor force	168,763	171,646	171,035	168,496	171,135	170,510	170,380	170,342	170,778
Participation rate	62.8	62.7	62.4	62.7	62.6	62.4	62.3	62.2	62.3
Employed	161,348	163,799	163,288	161,425	163,969	163,273	163,366	163,106	163,394
Employment-population ratio	60.0	59.8	59.6	60.0	60.0	59.7	59.7	59.6	59.6
Unemployed	7,415	7,847	7,747	7,071	7,166	7,237	7,015	7,236	7,384
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3
Not in labor force	100,092	102,140	102,966	100,360	102,062	102,875	103,204	103,443	103,223
People who currently want a job	5,749	6,533	6,499	5,632	5,672	5,991	6,030	6,175	6,354
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	131,077	133,546	133,651	131,077	133,260	133,351	133,449	133,546	133,651
Civilian labor force	89,138	91,334	91,113	88,938	90,693	90,392	90,461	90,319	90,882
Participation rate	68.0	68.4	68.2	67.9	68.1	67.8	67.8	67.6	68.0
Employed	85,379	87,317	87,194	85,099	86,733	86,486	86,575	86,347	86,886
Employment-population ratio	65.1	65.4	65.2	64.9	65.1	64.9	64.9	64.7	65.0
Unemployed	3,759	4,017	3,920	3,839	3,960	3,906	3,886	3,973	3,996
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.4
Not in labor force	41,939	42,212	42,538	42,139	42,567	42,959	42,988	43,227	42,769
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,118	124,462	124,571	122,118	124,166	124,261	124,361	124,462	124,571
Civilian labor force	85,816	87,478	87,779	85,846	87,309	87,087	87,250	87,111	87,757
Participation rate	70.3	70.3	70.5	70.3	70.3	70.1	70.2	70.0	70.4
Employed	82,552	84,106	84,280	82,479	83,858	83,704	83,872	83,660	84,171
Employment-population ratio	67.6	67.6	67.7	67.5	67.5	67.4	67.4	67.2	67.6
Unemployed	3,264	3,372	3,498	3,367	3,451	3,383	3,378	3,450	3,586
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.1
Not in labor force	36,302	36,984	36,792	36,272	36,857	37,174	37,111	37,351	36,814
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	137,779	140,239	140,350	137,779	139,937	140,033	140,136	140,239	140,350
Civilian labor force	79,626	80,311	79,921	79,558	80,442	80,118	79,920	80,023	79,896
Participation rate	57.8	57.3	56.9	57.7	57.5	57.2	57.0	57.1	56.9
Employed	75,970	76,482	76,094	76,325	77,236	76,787	76,791	76,760	76,508
Employment-population ratio	55.1	54.5	54.2	55.4	55.2	54.8	54.8	54.7	54.5
Unemployed	3,656	3,830	3,827	3,232	3,206	3,331	3,129	3,263	3,388
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.1	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.2
Not in labor force	58,153	59,928	60,429	58,221	59,495	59,915	60,216	60,216	60,455
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	129,125	131,481	131,597	129,125	131,167	131,268	131,374	131,481	131,597
Civilian labor force	76,216	76,672	76,636	76,368	77,241	76,968	76,865	76,991	76,820
Participation rate	59.0	58.3	58.2	59.1	58.9	58.6	58.5	58.6	58.4
Employed	73,014	73,404	73,300	73,555	74,379	73,979	74,134	74,155	73,881
Employment-population ratio	56.5	55.8	55.7	57.0	56.7	56.4	56.4	56.4	56.1
Unemployed	3,202	3,268	3,336	2,813	2,862	2,989	2,732	2,836	2,939
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.3	4.4	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.8
Not in labor force	52,909	54,809	54,961	52,757	53,926	54,300	54,509	54,490	54,776
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,612	17,843	17,833	17,612	17,863	17,856	17,850	17,843	17,833
Civilian labor force	6,731	7,496	6,620	6,281	6,585	6,456	6,265	6,241	6,200
Participation rate	38.2	42.0	37.1	35.7	36.9	36.2	35.1	35.0	34.8
Employed	5,782	6,288	5,707	5,390	5,732	5,590	5,361	5,291	5,342
Employment-population ratio	32.8	35.2	32.0	30.6	32.1	31.3	30.0	29.7	30.0
Unemployed	949	1,207	913	891	853	866	905	950	859
Unemployment rate	14.1	16.1	13.8	14.2	13.0	13.4	14.4	15.2	13.9
Not in labor force	10,881	10,347	11,213	11,331	11,279	11,400	11,584	11,602	11,633
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Aug. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	205,222	207,569	207,675	205,222	207,291	207,377	207,472	207,569	207,675
Civilian labor force	128,107	129,515	128,535	127,924	129,149	128,538	128,514	128,628	128,386
Participation rate	62.4	62.4	61.9	62.3	62.3	62.0	61.9	62.0	61.8
Employed	123,013	124,367	123,515	123,045	124,198	123,605	123,899	123,864	123,581
Employment-population ratio	59.9	59.9	59.5	60.0	59.9	59.6	59.7	59.7	59.5
Unemployed	5,094	5,149	5,020	4,878	4,952	4,934	4,615	4,764	4,806
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.7
Not in labor force	77,115	78,054	79,140	77,298	78,142	78,839	78,958	78,941	79,289
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,277	66,982	66,948	66,292	66,754	66,593	66,664	66,741	66,931
Participation rate	70.0	69.9	69.8	70.0	69.8	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.8
Employed	64,002	64,734	64,582	63,925	64,276	64,200	64,415	64,414	64,482
Employment-population ratio	67.6	67.6	67.4	67.5	67.2	67.1	67.3	67.2	67.3
Unemployed	2,275	2,249	2,366	2,367	2,478	2,392	2,250	2,327	2,450
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,606	56,728	56,529	56,753	57,326	56,923	57,000	57,008	56,703
Participation rate	57.9	57.3	57.1	58.0	58.0	57.6	57.6	57.6	57.3
Employed	54,432	54,671	54,464	54,850	55,440	55,047	55,244	55,259	54,911
Employment-population ratio	55.6	55.2	55.0	56.1	56.1	55.7	55.9	55.8	55.5
Unemployed	2,175	2,057	2,064	1,903	1,887	1,876	1,756	1,749	1,792
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,223	5,805	5,059	4,879	5,069	5,023	4,850	4,879	4,752
Participation rate	41.1	45.4	39.6	38.4	39.5	39.2	37.9	38.2	37.2
Employed	4,579	4,962	4,469	4,270	4,482	4,358	4,241	4,191	4,188
Employment-population ratio	36.0	38.8	35.0	33.6	35.0	34.0	33.1	32.8	32.8
Unemployed	644	843	589	608	587	665	609	688	564
Unemployment rate	12.3	14.5	11.7	12.5	11.6	13.2	12.6	14.1	11.9
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	35,053	35,818	35,854	35,053	35,719	35,751	35,784	35,818	35,854
Civilian labor force	22,045	22,314	22,525	21,974	22,185	22,174	22,161	22,071	22,431
Participation rate	62.9	62.3	62.8	62.7	62.1	62.0	61.9	61.6	62.6
Employed	20,618	20,543	20,714	20,630	20,787	20,843	20,650	20,484	20,744
Employment-population ratio	58.8	57.4	57.8	58.9	58.2	58.3	57.7	57.2	57.9
Unemployed	1,427	1,771	1,811	1,344	1,399	1,332	1,511	1,587	1,687
Unemployment rate	6.5	7.9	8.0	6.1	6.3	6.0	6.8	7.2	7.5
Not in labor force	13,009	13,504	13,329	13,079	13,534	13,577	13,623	13,747	13,423
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,178	10,415	10,672	10,156	10,504	10,409	10,473	10,346	10,646
Participation rate	68.3	68.4	70.0	68.2	69.2	68.5	68.8	67.9	69.8
Employed	9,590	9,675	9,929	9,556	9,917	9,869	9,752	9,623	9,893
Employment-population ratio	64.4	63.5	65.1	64.2	65.3	64.9	64.1	63.2	64.9
Unemployed	588	740	744	599	587	540	721	723	753
Unemployment rate	5.8	7.1	7.0	5.9	5.6	5.2	6.9	7.0	7.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,078	10,948	11,026	11,073	10,923	11,016	10,883	10,941	11,000
Participation rate	63.2	61.2	61.5	63.2	61.2	61.7	60.9	61.1	61.4
Employed	10,381	10,145	10,167	10,462	10,260	10,332	10,248	10,247	10,260
Employment-population ratio	59.2	56.7	56.7	59.7	57.5	57.8	57.3	57.2	57.3
Unemployed	696	802	858	611	663	684	634	694	739
Unemployment rate	6.3	7.3	7.8	5.5	6.1	6.2	5.8	6.3	6.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	789	951	828	745	759	749	806	783	785
Participation rate	30.0	35.5	30.9	28.4	28.3	27.9	30.0	29.2	29.3
Employed	647	723	618	612	610	641	651	614	590
Employment-population ratio	24.6	26.9	23.0	23.3	22.8	23.9	24.3	22.9	22.0
Unemployed	142	229	209	133	149	108	155	170	195
Unemployment rate	18.0	24.1	25.3	17.9	19.6	14.4	19.2	21.7	24.8
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,973	19,313	19,408	17,973	19,272	19,291	19,294	19,313	19,408
Civilian labor force	11,817	12,647	12,688	11,740	12,717	12,708	12,633	12,530	12,615
Participation rate	65.7	65.5	65.4	65.3	66.0	65.9	65.5	64.9	65.0
Employed	11,309	12,123	12,213	11,257	12,332	12,247	12,186	12,036	12,163
Employment-population ratio	62.9	62.8	62.9	62.6	64.0	63.5	63.2	62.3	62.7
Unemployed	508	524	475	483	385	461	447	494	452
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.1	3.7	4.1	3.0	3.6	3.5	3.9	3.6
Not in labor force	6,156	6,666	6,720	6,233	6,555	6,583	6,661	6,783	6,793
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Aug. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	49,071	51,514	51,629	49,071	51,191	51,297	51,406	51,514	51,629
Civilian labor force	33,273	34,585	34,568	33,252	34,446	34,452	34,318	34,500	34,579
Participation rate	67.8	67.1	67.0	67.8	67.3	67.2	66.8	67.0	67.0
Employed	31,418	32,807	32,685	31,448	32,650	32,682	32,686	32,773	32,758
Employment-population ratio	64.0	63.7	63.3	64.1	63.8	63.7	63.6	63.6	63.4
Unemployed	1,856	1,778	1,882	1,803	1,795	1,770	1,632	1,727	1,820
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.1	5.4	5.4	5.2	5.1	4.8	5.0	5.3
Not in labor force	15,798	16,930	17,061	15,819	16,745	16,845	17,088	17,014	17,050
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,839	18,448	18,544	17,813	18,410	18,431	18,455	18,435	18,509
Participation rate	80.4	79.0	79.2	80.3	79.4	79.3	79.2	78.9	79.0
Employed	17,004	17,723	17,649	16,977	17,488	17,610	17,694	17,652	17,623
Employment-population ratio	76.7	75.9	75.4	76.5	75.4	75.7	75.9	75.6	75.3
Unemployed	834	725	895	836	921	821	761	782	886
Unemployment rate	4.7	3.9	4.8	4.7	5.0	4.5	4.1	4.2	4.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,904	14,348	14,440	13,938	14,512	14,473	14,305	14,450	14,514
Participation rate	62.4	61.4	61.6	62.6	62.5	62.2	61.3	61.8	61.9
Employed	13,175	13,662	13,697	13,240	13,846	13,742	13,668	13,797	13,804
Employment-population ratio	59.1	58.4	58.5	59.4	59.6	59.1	58.6	59.0	58.9
Unemployed	729	686	742	699	666	731	637	652	710
Unemployment rate	5.2	4.8	5.1	5.0	4.6	5.0	4.5	4.5	4.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,531	1,789	1,585	1,501	1,523	1,549	1,558	1,616	1,556
Participation rate	33.2	37.4	33.2	32.6	31.9	32.4	32.6	33.8	32.5
Employed	1,238	1,421	1,339	1,232	1,316	1,330	1,324	1,323	1,331
Employment-population ratio	26.9	29.7	28.0	26.7	27.6	27.9	27.7	27.7	27.9
Unemployed	293	368	246	269	208	218	234	292	224
Unemployment rate	19.1	20.6	15.5	17.9	13.6	14.1	15.0	18.1	14.4
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,418	8,839	8,627	9,440	8,891	9,055	9,019	9,036	8,651
Participation rate	47.9	47.9	47.3	48.0	46.4	46.6	46.2	49.0	47.5
Employed	8,807	8,365	8,092	8,778	8,344	8,553	8,496	8,534	8,071
Employment-population ratio	44.8	45.4	44.4	44.6	43.6	44.0	43.5	46.3	44.3
Unemployed	611	474	535	662	546	502	522	501	580
Unemployment rate	6.5	5.4	6.2	7.0	6.1	5.5	5.8	5.5	6.7
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,972	36,103	37,070	36,773	36,525	36,460	36,569	36,255	36,833
Participation rate	57.1	56.2	57.3	56.8	56.7	56.6	57.1	56.5	56.9
Employed	35,508	34,487	35,489	35,286	35,069	34,836	35,124	34,658	35,233
Employment-population ratio	54.8	53.7	54.8	54.5	54.5	54.1	54.8	54.0	54.4
Unemployed	1,464	1,616	1,582	1,487	1,456	1,623	1,446	1,597	1,600
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.5	4.3	4.0	4.0	4.5	4.0	4.4	4.3
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,239	36,031	35,797	35,600	36,491	36,128	36,218	36,212	36,210
Participation rate	62.9	62.7	62.9	63.6	62.8	62.8	62.9	63.0	63.6
Employed	33,939	34,891	34,570	34,371	35,157	34,946	35,069	35,129	35,046
Employment-population ratio	60.6	60.7	60.7	61.4	60.5	60.8	60.9	61.1	61.5
Unemployed	1,300	1,140	1,227	1,229	1,334	1,181	1,149	1,083	1,164
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.2	3.0	3.2
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	65,080	67,011	67,373	65,311	66,666	66,744	66,761	67,178	67,599
Participation rate	72.8	71.4	71.4	73.0	72.7	72.3	72.0	71.5	71.7
Employed	63,217	64,940	65,343	63,660	65,005	65,022	65,089	65,339	65,789
Employment-population ratio	70.7	69.2	69.3	71.2	70.9	70.4	70.2	69.6	69.8
Unemployed	1,864	2,071	2,030	1,650	1,661	1,722	1,672	1,838	1,810
Unemployment rate	2.9	3.1	3.0	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.7
Footnotes (1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,532	17,211	15,481	15,132	2,051	2,079
Civilian labor force	8,335	8,276	7,227	7,039	1,108	1,237
Participation rate	47.5	48.1	46.7	46.5	54.0	59.5
Employed	8,045	8,020	7,015	6,837	1,030	1,182
Employment-population ratio	45.9	46.6	45.3	45.2	50.2	56.9
Unemployed	290	256	212	202	78	54
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.1	2.9	2.9	7.0	4.4
Not in labor force	9,197	8,935	8,254	8,093	943	842
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,262	5,624	4,315	4,633	947	991
Civilian labor force	4,181	4,384	3,533	3,640	648	744
Participation rate	79.5	77.9	81.9	78.6	68.5	75.0
Employed	4,036	4,254	3,433	3,533	603	721
Employment-population ratio	76.7	75.6	79.6	76.3	63.7	72.7
Unemployed	145	130	100	107	45	23
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.0	2.8	2.9	7.0	3.1
Not in labor force	1,081	1,241	782	993	298	248
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,900	3,266	2,444	2,750	456	516
Civilian labor force	1,934	2,058	1,664	1,751	271	307
Participation rate	66.7	63.0	68.1	63.7	59.3	59.5
Employed	1,866	2,007	1,617	1,725	248	282
Employment-population ratio	64.3	61.5	66.2	62.7	54.4	54.7
Unemployed	68	50	46	26	22	25
Unemployment rate	3.5	2.4	2.8	1.5	8.2	8.0
Not in labor force	966	1,208	780	999	186	209
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,601	4,831	5,364	4,646	237	185
Civilian labor force	709	561	684	539	25	22
Participation rate	12.7	11.6	12.7	11.6	10.7	12.0
Employed	676	518	661	496	15	22
Employment-population ratio	12.1	10.7	12.3	10.7	6.4	12.0
Unemployed	33	43	23	43	10	0
Unemployment rate	4.6	7.7	3.3	8.0	-	-
Not in labor force	4,892	4,270	4,680	4,107	212	163
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,769	3,490	3,358	3,103	411	387
Civilian labor force	1,511	1,273	1,347	1,109	164	164
Participation rate	40.1	36.5	40.1	35.7	39.9	42.4
Employed	1,468	1,240	1,304	1,083	164	157
Employment-population ratio	38.9	35.5	38.8	34.9	39.9	40.7
Unemployed	43	33	43	26	0	7
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.6	3.2	2.4	0.0	4.0
Not in labor force	2,258	2,217	2,011	1,994	247	223
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	241,878	247,438	110,731	113,862	131,147	133,576
Civilian labor force	157,777	160,272	80,606	82,934	77,171	77,338
Participation rate	65.2	64.8	72.8	72.8	58.8	57.9
Employed	151,028	153,144	77,265	79,400	73,763	73,744
Employment-population ratio	62.4	61.9	69.8	69.7	56.2	55.2
Unemployed	6,749	7,129	3,341	3,535	3,408	3,594
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.4	4.1	4.3	4.4	4.6
Not in labor force	84,101	87,166	30,125	30,927	53,976	56,238
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	People with a disability		People with no disability
	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,649	35,129	235,207	238,872
Civilian labor force	8,030	8,809	160,733	162,226
Participation rate	23.9	25.1	68.3	67.9
Employed	7,362	8,052	153,987	155,236
Employment-population ratio	21.9	22.9	65.5	65.0
Unemployed	669	757	6,746	6,990
Unemployment rate	8.3	8.6	4.2	4.3
Not in labor force	25,619	26,321	74,474	76,646
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,377	3,837	79,333	80,506
Participation rate	41.4	44.3	83.0	83.2
Employed	3,065	3,496	76,097	77,204
Employment-population ratio	37.6	40.4	79.6	79.8
Unemployed	311	341	3,237	3,302
Unemployment rate	9.2	8.9	4.1	4.1
Not in labor force	4,780	4,816	16,228	16,206
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,310	3,461	70,878	71,224
Participation rate	38.7	40.1	73.3	72.6
Employed	3,012	3,157	67,698	67,922
Employment-population ratio	35.3	36.6	70.0	69.3
Unemployed	297	303	3,179	3,303
Unemployment rate	9.0	8.8	4.5	4.6
Not in labor force	5,232	5,162	25,766	26,817
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,344	1,511	10,522	10,496
Participation rate	7.9	8.5	24.5	23.8
Employed	1,284	1,398	10,192	10,111
Employment-population ratio	7.6	7.8	23.7	22.9
Unemployed	60	113	330	386
Unemployment rate	4.5	7.4	3.1	3.7
Not in labor force	15,607	16,343	32,479	33,622
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,853	48,543	23,792	23,536	25,061	25,007
Civilian labor force	33,049	32,239	18,724	18,362	14,325	13,876
Participation rate	67.6	66.4	78.7	78.0	57.2	55.5
Employed	31,636	30,814	18,075	17,602	13,561	13,212
Employment-population ratio	64.8	63.5	76.0	74.8	54.1	52.8
Unemployed	1,413	1,424	649	760	764	664
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.4	3.5	4.1	5.3	4.8
Not in labor force	15,804	16,305	5,068	5,174	10,736	11,131
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	220,003	225,458	107,285	110,115	112,718	115,343
Civilian labor force	135,714	138,796	70,414	72,751	65,301	66,045
Participation rate	61.7	61.6	65.6	66.1	57.9	57.3
Employed	129,712	132,474	67,304	69,592	62,408	62,882
Employment-population ratio	59.0	58.8	62.7	63.2	55.4	54.5
Unemployed	6,002	6,322	3,110	3,159	2,892	3,163
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.8
Not in labor force	84,288	86,662	36,871	37,364	47,417	49,298
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,393	2,365	2,314	2,321	2,246	2,062	2,162	2,216	2,238
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,719	1,775	1,598	1,647	1,556	1,414	1,529	1,610	1,530
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	652	571	689	632	666	628	581	554	670
Unpaid family workers	22	18	27	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	158,955	161,434	160,973	159,125	161,591	161,223	161,353	160,962	161,165
Wage and salary workers(1)	149,379	152,274	151,608	149,578	152,265	151,789	152,125	151,816	151,837
Government	20,854	20,688	21,874	21,488	21,856	21,807	21,532	21,635	22,446
Private industries	128,526	131,586	129,734	127,974	130,408	129,957	130,589	130,131	129,247
Private households	613	587	505	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	127,913	130,998	129,229	127,371	129,731	129,357	129,930	129,534	128,781
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,545	9,146	9,345	9,458	9,281	9,385	9,095	9,060	9,247
Unpaid family workers	31	14	20	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,757	4,838	4,684	4,822	4,690	4,624	4,465	4,684	4,749
Slack work or business conditions	3,203	3,027	2,945	3,320	3,148	3,007	3,109	3,035	3,063
Could only find part-time work	1,133	1,374	1,298	1,146	1,260	1,385	1,161	1,264	1,308
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,050	21,307	21,905	22,555	22,723	22,588	22,556	22,770	23,298
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,677	4,729	4,632	4,734	4,622	4,548	4,372	4,559	4,682
Slack work or business conditions	3,157	2,941	2,907	3,263	3,103	2,941	3,022	2,932	3,010
Could only find part-time work	1,108	1,363	1,291	1,128	1,253	1,375	1,156	1,257	1,309
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,682	20,917	21,473	22,166	22,381	22,239	22,208	22,392	22,855
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	161,348	163,799	163,288	161,425	163,969	163,273	163,366	163,106	163,394
16 to 19 years	5,782	6,288	5,707	5,390	5,732	5,590	5,361	5,291	5,342
16 to 17 years	2,275	2,425	2,124	2,029	2,001	1,939	1,958	1,985	1,911
18 to 19 years	3,508	3,863	3,583	3,339	3,719	3,646	3,419	3,290	3,415
20 years and over	155,566	157,510	157,581	156,034	158,237	157,683	158,005	157,815	158,052
20 to 24 years	14,096	14,828	14,087	13,929	14,495	14,332	14,298	14,321	13,972
25 years and over	141,470	142,683	143,494	141,942	143,737	143,369	143,707	143,522	143,981
25 to 54 years	103,757	104,853	105,525	104,128	105,602	105,404	105,843	105,425	105,877
25 to 34 years	35,324	36,008	36,076	35,494	36,369	36,413	36,425	36,169	36,250
35 to 44 years	36,227	36,825	37,157	36,335	36,979	36,842	36,994	37,041	37,252
45 to 54 years	32,206	32,021	32,292	32,299	32,255	32,149	32,424	32,216	32,375
55 years and over	37,713	37,830	37,969	37,814	38,134	37,965	37,863	38,097	38,104
Men, 16 years and over	85,379	87,317	87,194	85,099	86,733	86,486	86,575	86,347	86,886
16 to 19 years	2,827	3,211	2,913	2,620	2,875	2,782	2,703	2,686	2,715
16 to 17 years	1,098	1,153	957	963	1,037	953	943	931	855
18 to 19 years	1,728	2,057	1,957	1,628	1,839	1,829	1,776	1,742	1,839
20 years and over	82,552	84,106	84,280	82,479	83,858	83,704	83,872	83,660	84,171
20 to 24 years	7,236	7,616	7,292	7,077	7,340	7,314	7,378	7,266	7,159
25 years and over	75,316	76,490	76,989	75,289	76,528	76,358	76,455	76,392	76,932
25 to 54 years	55,208	56,076	56,450	55,162	56,209	56,033	56,262	55,948	56,382
25 to 34 years	18,810	19,323	19,324	18,829	19,446	19,388	19,449	19,264	19,343
35 to 44 years	19,359	19,789	20,042	19,337	19,818	19,717	19,821	19,737	20,004
45 to 54 years	17,039	16,964	17,084	16,997	16,945	16,927	16,992	16,947	17,035
55 years and over	20,109	20,414	20,539	20,127	20,319	20,325	20,193	20,444	20,550
Women, 16 years and over	75,970	76,482	76,094	76,325	77,236	76,787	76,791	76,760	76,508
16 to 19 years	2,956	3,078	2,794	2,770	2,857	2,808	2,657	2,605	2,627
16 to 17 years	1,176	1,272	1,168	1,066	963	986	1,015	1,054	1,056
18 to 19 years	1,780	1,806	1,626	1,710	1,880	1,817	1,643	1,548	1,576
20 years and over	73,014	73,404	73,300	73,555	74,379	73,979	74,134	74,155	73,881
20 to 24 years	6,860	7,212	6,795	6,852	7,154	7,018	6,920	7,055	6,813
25 years and over	66,154	66,193	66,505	66,653	67,209	67,011	67,252	67,129	67,049
25 to 54 years	48,550	48,777	49,074	48,966	49,393	49,370	49,581	49,477	49,495
25 to 34 years	16,515	16,685	16,752	16,665	16,922	17,024	16,976	16,905	16,908
35 to 44 years	16,868	17,036	17,115	16,999	17,161	17,125	17,173	17,304	17,247
45 to 54 years	15,167	15,057	15,208	15,302	15,310	15,222	15,432	15,269	15,340
55 years and over	17,604	17,416	17,431	17,687	17,816	17,640	17,671	17,652	17,554
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,826	46,734	46,843	45,947	45,988	46,449	46,654	46,905	46,898
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,949	37,371	37,698	37,309	37,121	37,084	37,660	37,921	38,006
Women who maintain families(2)	10,130	9,287	9,649	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	134,396	136,148	135,475	133,332	135,463	134,840	135,277	134,837	134,480
Part-time workers(4)	26,953	27,651	27,812	28,222	28,524	28,557	28,190	28,437	29,034
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,236	8,243	8,479	8,537	8,866	8,583	8,865	8,342	8,785
Percent of total employed	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.4
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,911	6,761	6,979	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	10,197	9,717	10,035	10,090	9,947	10,013	9,675	9,613	9,917
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Aug. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	7,071	7,236	7,384	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3
16 to 19 years	891	950	859	14.2	13.0	13.4	14.4	15.2	13.9
16 to 17 years	366	345	348	15.3	14.4	14.5	14.0	14.8	15.4
18 to 19 years	535	610	512	13.8	12.0	12.7	15.1	15.6	13.0
20 years and over	6,180	6,286	6,525	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.8	4.0
20 to 24 years	1,189	1,225	1,416	7.9	8.2	8.2	8.2	7.9	9.2
25 years and over	4,984	5,039	5,113	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4
25 to 54 years	3,839	3,914	3,963	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.6
25 to 34 years	1,663	1,615	1,667	4.5	4.2	4.1	3.8	4.3	4.4
35 to 44 years	1,295	1,322	1,333	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.5
45 to 54 years	881	977	963	2.7	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.9
55 years and over	1,152	1,125	1,151	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9
Men, 16 years and over	3,839	3,973	3,996	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.4
16 to 19 years	472	522	410	15.3	15.0	15.8	15.8	16.3	13.1
16 to 17 years	206	206	182	17.6	13.8	17.5	14.1	18.1	17.5
18 to 19 years	271	315	231	14.3	15.2	14.5	17.2	15.3	11.2
20 years and over	3,367	3,450	3,586	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.1
20 to 24 years	649	661	785	8.4	9.6	8.8	9.0	8.3	9.9
25 years and over	2,709	2,762	2,801	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.5
25 to 54 years	2,026	2,142	2,162	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.7
25 to 34 years	889	930	923	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.6	4.6
35 to 44 years	656	698	719	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.4	3.5
45 to 54 years	481	514	521	2.8	3.0	3.2	3.1	2.9	3.0
55 years and over	683	620	639	3.3	3.2	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0
Women, 16 years and over	3,232	3,263	3,388	4.1	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.2
16 to 19 years	419	428	448	13.1	10.7	10.9	13.0	14.1	14.6
16 to 17 years	160	139	167	13.0	15.0	11.4	13.9	11.7	13.6
18 to 19 years	263	295	281	13.3	8.7	10.8	12.6	16.0	15.1
20 years and over	2,813	2,836	2,939	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.8
20 to 24 years	539	564	631	7.3	6.8	7.6	7.2	7.4	8.5
25 years and over	2,274	2,277	2,312	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,813	1,772	1,801	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.5
25 to 34 years	774	685	744	4.4	4.1	4.0	3.5	3.9	4.2
35 to 44 years	639	623	615	3.6	3.2	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4
45 to 54 years	401	464	442	2.6	3.1	3.3	2.7	2.9	2.8
55 years and over	478	501	522	2.6	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.9
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,009	1,023	1,162	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.4
Married women, spouse present(1)	918	997	969	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.5
Women who maintain families(2)	601	648	646	5.6	5.2	5.9	5.5	6.5	6.3
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,739	5,986	5,981	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.0	4.3	4.3
Part-time workers(4)	1,354	1,262	1,443	4.6	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.3	4.7
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,431	3,534	3,556	3,321	3,455	3,457	3,293	3,405	3,437
On temporary layoff	922	1,118	943	865	867	874	860	940	886
Not on temporary layoff	2,510	2,415	2,613	2,456	2,588	2,583	2,433	2,465	2,552
Permanent job losers	1,743	1,871	1,987	1,689	1,918	1,916	1,887	1,887	1,925
People who completed temporary jobs	766	544	626	767	670	668	546	577	627
Job leavers	923	818	855	845	855	704	825	784	784
Reentrants	2,239	2,346	2,412	2,133	2,235	2,288	2,145	2,180	2,287
New entrants	821	1,149	924	708	701	725	710	985	786
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	46.3	45.0	45.9	47.4	47.7	48.2	47.2	46.3	47.1
On temporary layoff	12.4	14.3	12.2	12.3	12.0	12.2	12.3	12.8	12.1
Not on temporary layoff	33.8	30.8	33.7	35.1	35.7	36.0	34.9	33.5	35.0
Job leavers	12.4	10.4	11.0	12.1	11.8	9.8	11.8	10.7	10.7
Reentrants	30.2	29.9	31.1	30.4	30.8	31.9	30.8	29.6	31.3
New entrants	11.1	14.6	11.9	10.1	9.7	10.1	10.2	13.4	10.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,442	2,588	2,477	2,465	2,187	2,451	2,241	2,299	2,476
5 to 14 weeks	2,395	2,377	2,409	2,029	2,269	2,208	2,131	2,034	2,049
15 weeks and over	2,578	2,881	2,861	2,698	2,662	2,495	2,710	2,993	2,977
15 to 26 weeks	1,028	1,028	923	1,153	987	1,039	1,063	1,167	1,047
27 weeks and over	1,550	1,854	1,938	1,545	1,675	1,457	1,647	1,826	1,930
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	20.8	22.9	24.3	21.0	23.2	21.8	23.0	24.1	24.5
Median duration, in weeks	9.5	9.3	9.8	9.5	10.4	9.5	10.1	10.2	9.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	32.9	33.0	32.0	34.3	30.7	34.3	31.6	31.4	33.0
5 to 14 weeks	32.3	30.3	31.1	28.2	31.9	30.9	30.1	27.8	27.3
15 weeks and over	34.8	36.7	36.9	37.5	37.4	34.9	38.3	40.9	39.7
15 to 26 weeks	13.9	13.1	11.9	16.0	13.9	14.5	15.0	15.9	14.0
27 weeks and over	20.9	23.6	25.0	21.5	23.5	20.4	23.3	24.9	25.7
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	161,348	163,288	7,415	7,747	4.4	4.5
Management, professional, and related occupations	69,892	70,866	2,056	1,975	2.9	2.7
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,610	31,085	765	688	2.4	2.2
Professional and related occupations	39,282	39,781	1,291	1,287	3.2	3.1
Service occupations	26,640	27,672	1,401	1,673	5.0	5.7
Sales and office occupations	29,949	30,562	1,280	1,435	4.1	4.5
Sales and related occupations	14,047	14,146	676	713	4.6	4.8
Office and administrative support occupations	15,902	16,415	604	722	3.7	4.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,769	15,059	652	619	4.2	4.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,198	1,161	159	79	11.7	6.4
Construction and extraction occupations	8,700	8,714	363	358	4.0	3.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,871	5,185	130	183	2.6	3.4
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,099	19,129	1,194	1,103	5.6	5.5
Production occupations	7,777	7,482	406	300	5.0	3.9
Transportation and material moving occupations	12,322	11,647	787	803	6.0	6.5
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	7,415	7,747	4.4	4.5
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,420	5,610	4.0	4.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	22	20	3.5	4.0
Construction	338	347	3.2	3.2
Manufacturing	514	555	3.5	3.8
Durable goods	301	287	3.2	3.0
Nondurable goods	212	268	4.0	5.0
Wholesale and retail trade	931	891	4.8	4.7
Transportation and utilities	365	451	4.3	5.5
Information	148	118	6.0	4.5
Financial activities	297	174	3.0	1.6
Professional and business services	864	885	4.2	4.2
Education and health services	975	981	3.7	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	748	890	5.5	6.4
Other services	219	298	3.3	4.5
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	207	98	11.3	6.0
Government workers	659	754	3.0	3.3
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	309	361	2.9	3.5
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.7
U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.6
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	5.2	5.5	5.5	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.2	5.3
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	8.0	8.3	8.2	7.8	7.8	7.8	7.7	7.9	8.1
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2025
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	100,092	102,966	41,939	42,538	58,153	60,429
People who currently want a job	5,749	6,499	2,760	2,963	2,989	3,536
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,359	1,791	700	844	659	947
Discouraged workers(2)	341	492	200	251	141	241
Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,018	1,299	500	593	518	706
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,236	8,479	3,883	4,169	4,353	4,311
Percent of total employed	5.1	5.2	4.5	4.8	5.7	5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,756	5,048	2,459	2,693	2,297	2,355
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,012	2,000	676	669	1,336	1,331
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	377	398	238	246	139	152
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,037	969	488	522	549	447
Footnotes (1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)	Change from: July2025 - Aug.2025(p)
Total nonfarm	158,070	160,256	159,210	159,410	158,074	159,439	159,518	159,540	22
Total private	135,474	136,808	136,834	136,702	134,644	135,857	135,934	135,972	38
Goods-producing	21,957	21,909	21,935	21,905	21,659	21,659	21,651	21,626	-25
Mining and logging	631	625	621	617	622	620	615	609	-6
Logging	40.0	38.7	38.4	38.5	38.6	38.8	37.6	37.5	-0.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	591.2	586.7	582.9	578.1	583.5	581.5	577.4	571.9	-5.5
Oil and gas extraction	123.6	122.3	122.4	120.3	121.9	121.6	121.2	119.1	-2.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	194.6	194.9	194.4	193.3	191.3	191.7	190.8	190.4	-0.4
Coal mining	42.4	41.1	40.9	40.3	42.4	41.0	40.6	40.3	-0.3
Metal ore mining	45.8	44.5	44.4	44.6	45.3	44.3	44.1	44.2	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	106.4	109.3	109.1	108.4	103.7	106.4	106.1	105.9	-0.2
Support activities for mining	273.0	269.5	266.1	264.5	270.3	268.2	265.4	262.4	-3.0
Construction	8,458	8,478	8,514	8,505	8,237	8,303	8,302	8,295	-7
Construction of buildings	1,898.2	1,907.3	1,914.9	1,906.9	1,861.3	1,877.5	1,876.5	1,872.3	-4.2
Residential building construction	962.7	968.3	971.7	971.1	944.5	955.6	955.0	954.1	-0.9
Nonresidential building construction	935.5	939.0	943.2	935.8	916.8	921.9	921.5	918.2	-3.3
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,209.2	1,216.3	1,226.7	1,232.3	1,157.1	1,171.8	1,177.8	1,180.1	2.3
Specialty trade contractors	5,350.6	5,354.3	5,372.3	5,366.2	5,218.8	5,253.5	5,247.6	5,242.2	-5.4
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,469.2	2,432.7	2,440.9	2,429.8	2,409.3	2,381.0	2,378.8	2,373.6	-5.2
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,881.4	2,921.6	2,931.4	2,936.4	2,809.5	2,872.5	2,868.8	2,868.6	-0.2
Manufacturing	12,868	12,806	12,800	12,783	12,800	12,736	12,734	12,722	-12
Durable goods	7,976	7,933	7,923	7,901	7,943	7,887	7,892	7,873	-19
Wood product manufacturing	419.2	415.5	416.0	413.4	417.9	413.4	412.8	412.4	-0.4
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	426.1	434.9	434.9	432.5	422.0	429.9	430.1	429.2	-0.9
Primary metal manufacturing	374.9	377.2	377.8	376.4	373.2	374.9	376.1	374.8	-1.3
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,439.9	1,444.9	1,442.8	1,440.4	1,436.5	1,436.7	1,436.5	1,437.4	0.9
Machinery manufacturing	1,116.9	1,114.7	1,112.9	1,111.0	1,114.2	1,108.5	1,106.9	1,108.1	1.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,029.9	1,009.4	1,011.8	1,006.3	1,025.9	1,004.0	1,003.5	1,001.4	-2.1
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	110.4	109.7	110.0	111.1	110.2	109.8	109.7	110.6	0.9
Communications equipment manufacturing	82.6	82.6	82.9	82.8	82.4	81.6	82.1	82.4	0.3
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	395.4	378.4	377.4	371.3	393.4	375.3	372.9	369.2	-3.7
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	411.5	410.2	412.9	412.0	410.4	409.0	410.5	410.6	0.1
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	30.0	28.5	28.6	29.1	29.5	28.2	28.3	28.5	0.2
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	410.7	408.1	407.7	407.1	410.8	406.5	405.9	406.8	0.9
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,801.6	1,771.4	1,762.8	1,763.3	1,790.1	1,764.8	1,770.2	1,755.7	-14.5
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,021.4	1,004.2	990.7	996.7	1,016.6	999.2	1,001.2	993.9	-7.3
Furniture and related product manufacturing	342.8	343.3	342.7	340.3	341.4	339.5	340.3	338.3	-2.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	613.5	613.6	613.1	610.7	611.1	609.1	609.5	609.1	-0.4
Nondurable goods	4,892	4,873	4,877	4,882	4,857	4,849	4,842	4,849	7
Food manufacturing	1,788.5	1,775.4	1,784.1	1,790.8	1,774.5	1,774.7	1,773.5	1,776.6	3.1
Textile mills	86.7	85.4	85.7	85.5	86.2	85.3	85.2	85.0	-0.2
Textile product mills	98.6	99.3	98.0	99.8	98.4	99.3	98.1	99.4	1.3
Apparel manufacturing	84.3	82.6	82.6	82.0	84.1	81.8	82.3	81.9	-0.4
Paper manufacturing	354.3	355.0	356.3	353.8	355.2	355.2	355.4	354.5	-0.9
Printing and related support activities	355.8	351.9	348.7	347.5	354.8	351.1	348.4	347.3	-1.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	111.5	109.0	109.2	108.9	109.2	106.6	106.9	106.7	-0.2
Chemical manufacturing	902.3	907.7	910.4	910.0	899.3	904.0	904.3	906.7	2.4
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	725.5	720.5	717.5	721.3	724.3	716.1	715.3	719.6	4.3
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	384.4	386.4	384.1	382.1	371.2	374.7	372.3	371.7	-0.6
Private service-providing	113,517	114,899	114,899	114,797	112,985	114,198	114,283	114,346	63
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,804	29,048	28,979	28,940	28,912	29,075	29,080	29,082	2
Wholesale trade	6,168.4	6,198.1	6,193.9	6,162.8	6,147.4	6,167.5	6,159.2	6,147.5	-11.7
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,456.8	3,472.6	3,471.6	3,455.3	3,446.1	3,458.5	3,454.6	3,447.0	-7.6
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,218.3	2,239.9	2,237.1	2,220.5	2,209.1	2,222.5	2,220.6	2,215.0	-5.6
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	493.3	485.6	485.2	487.0	492.2	486.5	484.0	485.5	1.5
Retail trade	15,478.8	15,583.4	15,573.9	15,550.7	15,509.5	15,570.7	15,577.9	15,588.4	10.5
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,056.8	2,067.4	2,062.4	2,062.2	2,048.9	2,055.6	2,053.8	2,055.8	2.0
Automobile dealers	1,288.7	1,302.0	1,299.1	1,300.1	1,288.6	1,298.3	1,298.6	1,300.4	1.8
Other motor vehicle dealers	172.7	165.6	166.5	165.0	166.9	157.8	158.2	159.5	1.3
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	595.4	599.8	596.8	597.1	593.5	599.5	596.9	595.9	-1.0
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,403.2	1,439.2	1,405.6	1,372.3	1,399.3	1,383.6	1,377.9	1,370.4	-7.5
Food and beverage retailers	3,222.6	3,249.5	3,254.3	3,248.3	3,221.7	3,243.7	3,243.0	3,247.2	4.2
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	791.7	776.4	775.8	776.2	804.2	791.6	790.7	788.9	-1.8
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	400.3	398.0	397.9	395.6	406.8	404.3	405.0	403.0	-2.0
Electronics and appliance retailers	391.4	378.4	377.9	380.6	397.4	387.3	385.7	385.9	0.2
General merchandise retailers	3,236.8	3,265.4	3,279.1	3,288.9	3,268.8	3,302.9	3,311.2	3,321.6	10.4
Department stores	993.8	979.8	979.7	982.0	1,013.9	1,006.6	1,005.2	1,006.5	1.3
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,243.0	2,285.6	2,299.4	2,306.9	2,254.9	2,296.3	2,306.0	2,315.1	9.1
Health and personal care retailers	1,065.8	1,082.2	1,079.5	1,078.0	1,080.2	1,090.1	1,093.2	1,092.4	-0.8
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,065.0	1,066.6	1,073.2	1,064.8	1,054.6	1,055.2	1,060.5	1,055.9	-4.6
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,126.3	1,120.6	1,124.3	1,140.5	1,127.2	1,134.4	1,135.2	1,141.4	6.2
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,510.6	1,516.1	1,519.7	1,519.5	1,504.6	1,513.6	1,512.4	1,514.8	2.4
Transportation and warehousing	6,563.8	6,665.1	6,607.8	6,627.7	6,663.0	6,737.8	6,744.1	6,747.7	3.6
Air transportation	569.0	581.8	584.9	582.7	566.0	577.5	580.4	580.1	-0.3
Rail transportation	155.2	153.0	152.3	152.3	155.3	153.3	152.8	152.8	0.0
Water transportation	73.3	75.2	75.3	75.3	70.1	71.9	71.8	71.9	0.1
Truck transportation	1,537.5	1,531.8	1,540.8	1,544.4	1,516.4	1,519.5	1,523.9	1,523.0	-0.9
Transit and ground passenger transportation	409.3	481.5	421.9	422.4	469.8	490.8	484.7	484.9	0.2
Pipeline transportation	55.6	61.2	61.0	61.3	55.7	60.9	60.8	61.3	0.5
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	40.5	43.1	47.1	48.5	31.5	35.6	37.2	38.2	1.0
Support activities for transportation	842.0	846.3	849.6	847.0	842.3	848.7	849.3	847.8	-1.5
Couriers and messengers	1,043.0	1,087.7	1,074.1	1,083.8	1,099.3	1,149.9	1,154.2	1,157.9	3.7
Warehousing and storage	1,838.4	1,803.5	1,800.8	1,810.0	1,856.6	1,829.7	1,829.0	1,829.8	0.8
Utilities	593.1	601.6	603.4	599.2	592.4	598.5	599.1	598.3	-0.8
Information	2,956	2,954	2,954	2,950	2,929	2,938	2,931	2,926	-5
Motion picture and sound recording industries	415.5	422.7	422.1	413.8	400.0	409.9	408.7	401.1	-7.6
Publishing industries	915.4	923.6	926.9	927.9	910.6	919.4	921.2	922.3	1.1
Broadcasting and content providers	338.8	334.5	333.9	333.3	339.8	334.2	334.0	333.7	-0.3
Telecommunications	617.4	603.2	598.9	598.3	615.6	602.2	598.3	597.6	-0.7
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	484.7	485.8	487.0	487.7	480.4	487.6	484.4	484.5	0.1
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	184.5	184.3	185.0	189.4	182.7	184.4	184.3	187.2	2.9
Financial activities	9,229	9,278	9,325	9,305	9,170	9,244	9,253	9,250	-3
Finance and insurance	6,728.4	6,755.3	6,790.4	6,773.3	6,705.1	6,744.0	6,756.3	6,751.6	-4.7
Monetary authorities-central bank	21.0	21.2	21.1	21.0	20.8	21.1	20.8	20.7	-0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,563.3	2,565.4	2,570.7	2,564.2	2,559.9	2,559.4	2,561.1	2,560.6	-0.5
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,784.0	1,783.5	1,786.7	1,784.3	1,780.5	1,778.2	1,778.7	1,780.0	1.3
Commercial banking	1,376.4	1,367.1	1,368.7	1,365.8	1,373.5	1,363.5	1,362.4	1,362.5	0.1
Nondepository credit intermediation	505.6	507.0	507.2	504.8	504.5	506.1	505.3	504.3	-1.0
Activities related to credit intermediation	273.7	274.9	276.8	275.1	275.0	275.0	277.1	276.3	-0.8
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,127.4	1,150.2	1,163.7	1,160.1	1,116.4	1,145.5	1,148.5	1,149.9	1.4
Insurance carriers and related activities	3,016.7	3,018.5	3,034.9	3,028.0	3,008.0	3,018.0	3,025.9	3,020.4	-5.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,500.5	2,522.8	2,534.6	2,532.0	2,464.9	2,500.3	2,496.4	2,498.0	1.6
Real estate	1,885.6	1,886.7	1,898.6	1,899.5	1,868.4	1,879.9	1,879.3	1,882.2	2.9
Rental and leasing services	592.0	612.9	612.7	609.3	573.9	597.4	594.0	592.8	-1.2
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.9	23.2	23.3	23.2	22.6	23.0	23.1	23.0	-0.1
Professional and business services	22,714	22,685	22,659	22,646	22,591	22,563	22,553	22,536	-17
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,831.5	10,866.0	10,915.8	10,861.5	10,828.1	10,849.8	10,858.9	10,855.3	-3.6
Legal services	1,184.3	1,210.7	1,213.8	1,196.2	1,189.9	1,199.4	1,201.6	1,201.4	-0.2
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,113.4	1,130.5	1,126.2	1,117.3	1,157.1	1,153.9	1,153.3	1,154.0	0.7
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,733.8	1,773.3	1,785.9	1,777.6	1,705.5	1,748.9	1,753.9	1,752.3	-1.6
Specialized design services	150.4	149.1	150.8	151.1	150.4	149.2	150.6	150.9	0.3
Computer systems design and related services	2,457.0	2,414.2	2,432.4	2,425.6	2,446.9	2,422.0	2,418.7	2,415.4	-3.3
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,863.7	1,875.0	1,881.5	1,880.2	1,862.6	1,876.1	1,876.8	1,879.8	3.0
Scientific research and development services	942.5	939.1	941.3	930.5	935.0	930.8	927.9	924.3	-3.6
Advertising, public relations, and related services	496.4	494.7	497.5	496.5	496.1	492.8	495.0	495.9	0.9
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	890.0	879.4	886.4	886.5	884.4	876.8	881.1	881.3	0.2
Management of companies and enterprises	2,625.7	2,646.5	2,653.0	2,640.2	2,618.0	2,632.7	2,632.0	2,632.3	0.3
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,256.5	9,172.3	9,090.3	9,144.4	9,145.0	9,080.9	9,061.7	9,048.3	-13.4
Administrative and support services	8,738.3	8,646.1	8,562.8	8,617.3	8,632.5	8,559.5	8,539.6	8,525.9	-13.7
Office administrative services	619.7	620.5	625.9	622.5	617.5	621.0	622.7	621.5	-1.2
Facilities support services	186.4	185.8	185.6	188.4	182.8	185.2	184.8	185.3	0.5
Employment services(1)	3,282.0	3,187.0	3,111.4	3,174.3	3,292.3	3,223.4	3,210.5	3,198.7	-11.8
Temporary help services	2,559.2	2,482.8	2,416.3	2,471.3	2,573.8	2,519.0	2,508.8	2,499.0	-9.8
Business support services	680.8	647.0	639.7	638.4	686.0	652.5	647.5	643.1	-4.4
Travel arrangement and reservation services	190.7	197.9	197.0	195.7	188.1	195.9	195.2	193.7	-1.5
Investigation and security services	1,030.0	1,032.1	1,034.2	1,039.8	1,027.9	1,032.6	1,035.3	1,036.9	1.6
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,411.9	2,433.2	2,428.0	2,424.4	2,304.2	2,314.3	2,307.2	2,315.1	7.9
Other support services	336.8	342.6	341.0	333.8	333.7	334.7	336.5	331.5	-5.0
Waste management and remediation services	518.2	526.2	527.5	527.1	512.5	521.4	522.1	522.4	0.3
Private education and health services	26,322	27,118	27,092	27,169	26,590	27,329	27,406	27,452	46
Private educational services	3,702.1	3,796.0	3,707.7	3,725.5	3,967.5	3,993.5	3,998.9	3,998.4	-0.5
Health care and social assistance	22,619.4	23,322.4	23,384.3	23,443.6	22,622.1	23,335.3	23,406.9	23,453.7	46.8
Health care(3)	17,740.0	18,108.5	18,190.1	18,227.1	17,721.2	18,138.0	18,189.3	18,219.9	30.6
Ambulatory health care services	8,823.7	8,944.8	8,987.8	9,010.5	8,823.5	8,970.5	9,005.2	9,017.9	12.7
Offices of physicians	2,980.9	3,044.7	3,052.6	3,062.9	2,984.9	3,051.1	3,057.3	3,066.4	9.1
Offices of dentists	1,052.3	1,050.4	1,061.0	1,057.4	1,048.7	1,050.0	1,057.4	1,053.6	-3.8
Offices of other health practitioners	1,240.1	1,274.6	1,277.0	1,282.6	1,237.5	1,279.0	1,282.0	1,283.7	1.7
Outpatient care centers	1,120.9	1,118.8	1,121.9	1,121.0	1,121.2	1,121.3	1,122.8	1,121.5	-1.3
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	305.0	307.0	308.7	312.8	306.1	308.6	310.0	312.7	2.7
Home health care services	1,764.6	1,785.6	1,800.9	1,811.4	1,764.2	1,796.5	1,809.5	1,817.1	7.6
Other ambulatory health care services	359.9	363.7	365.7	362.4	360.9	364.1	366.2	362.9	-3.3
Hospitals	5,577.5	5,733.9	5,761.1	5,765.2	5,573.8	5,742.4	5,754.6	5,763.4	8.8
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,338.8	3,429.8	3,441.2	3,451.4	3,323.9	3,425.1	3,429.5	3,438.6	9.1
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,501.6	1,548.7	1,554.9	1,564.4	1,493.7	1,547.8	1,548.9	1,556.5	7.6
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	673.3	698.0	700.4	702.2	670.7	695.8	697.9	700.3	2.4
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	996.1	1,007.9	1,010.6	1,010.0	992.1	1,006.7	1,008.2	1,007.0	-1.2
Other residential care facilities	167.8	175.2	175.3	174.8	167.4	174.8	174.5	174.7	0.2
Social assistance	4,879.4	5,213.9	5,194.2	5,216.5	4,900.9	5,197.3	5,217.6	5,233.8	16.2
Individual and family services	3,293.6	3,573.4	3,595.5	3,607.1	3,287.5	3,560.1	3,582.7	3,598.6	15.9
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	234.4	241.4	240.5	238.0	235.2	240.0	240.0	239.3	-0.7
Vocational rehabilitation services	286.2	292.4	287.7	281.4	285.0	287.9	283.9	281.1	-2.8
Child care services	1,065.2	1,106.7	1,070.5	1,090.0	1,093.2	1,109.4	1,111.0	1,114.9	3.9
Leisure and hospitality	17,467	17,709	17,775	17,688	16,818	17,016	17,022	17,050	28
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,901.5	2,993.3	3,050.5	2,988.4	2,632.8	2,711.0	2,707.7	2,722.0	14.3
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	619.2	671.0	670.2	668.9	594.9	638.8	643.5	644.5	1.0
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	189.5	193.9	197.1	192.5	178.6	181.6	181.8	182.4	0.6
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	2,092.8	2,128.4	2,183.2	2,127.0	1,859.3	1,890.6	1,882.4	1,895.1	12.7
Accommodation and food services	14,565.9	14,715.9	14,724.8	14,700.0	14,185.2	14,305.4	14,314.5	14,327.7	13.2
Accommodation	2,054.0	2,049.6	2,090.2	2,066.7	1,935.0	1,944.6	1,947.9	1,950.1	2.2
Food services and drinking places	12,511.9	12,666.3	12,634.6	12,633.3	12,250.2	12,360.8	12,366.6	12,377.6	11.0
Other services	6,025	6,107	6,115	6,099	5,975	6,033	6,038	6,050	12
Repair and maintenance	1,467.4	1,497.1	1,490.1	1,495.2	1,464.2	1,484.9	1,482.3	1,492.2	9.9
Personal and laundry services	1,603.9	1,629.0	1,634.2	1,637.1	1,594.8	1,615.8	1,623.0	1,627.9	4.9
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,953.4	2,981.1	2,990.3	2,966.3	2,916.2	2,932.5	2,933.0	2,930.2	-2.8
Government	22,596	23,448	22,376	22,708	23,430	23,582	23,584	23,568	-16
Federal	3,010	2,938	2,939	2,916	3,004	2,943	2,933	2,918	-15
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,408.3	2,348.8	2,340.1	2,327.8	2,398.0	2,349.7	2,336.3	2,325.0	-11.3
U.S. Postal Service	601.4	588.8	599.0	588.1	606.3	593.4	596.3	593.0	-3.3
State government	5,199	5,254	5,156	5,226	5,453	5,511	5,506	5,493	-13
State government education	2,325.0	2,343.6	2,244.5	2,320.5	2,598.1	2,618.8	2,611.9	2,605.8	-6.1
State government, excluding education	2,873.8	2,910.8	2,911.5	2,905.6	2,854.9	2,892.3	2,894.0	2,887.5	-6.5
Local government	14,387	15,256	14,281	14,566	14,973	15,128	15,145	15,157	12
Local government education	7,405.6	8,154.3	7,122.0	7,473.4	8,165.8	8,225.1	8,232.6	8,241.8	9.2
Local government, excluding education	6,981.4	7,101.3	7,158.7	7,093.0	6,807.6	6,903.1	6,912.8	6,915.0	2.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.3	34.2	34.2	34.2
Goods-producing	39.8	39.7	39.9	39.8
Mining and logging	44.6	44.3	45.0	45.3
Construction	39.0	38.9	39.0	39.0
Manufacturing	40.0	40.1	40.2	40.0
Durable goods	40.5	40.5	40.6	40.4
Nondurable goods	39.3	39.3	39.5	39.4
Private service-providing	33.2	33.1	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	34.0	34.0	34.1
Wholesale trade	39.3	39.1	39.1	39.1
Retail trade	29.6	29.8	29.8	30.0
Transportation and warehousing	38.0	38.2	38.5	38.4
Utilities	42.4	42.0	41.9	42.1
Information	36.7	36.8	36.9	37.0
Financial activities	37.6	37.7	37.6	37.6
Professional and business services	36.4	36.4	36.4	36.5
Private education and health services	33.1	32.7	32.8	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	25.4	25.5	25.5	25.5
Other services	32.1	31.9	31.9	31.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
Durable goods	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8
Nondurable goods	2.9	2.8	3.0	3.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)
Total private	$35.23	$36.31	$36.43	$36.53	$1,208.39	$1,241.80	$1,245.91	$1,249.33
Goods-producing	35.92	37.10	37.19	37.35	1,429.62	1,472.87	1,483.88	1,486.53
Mining and logging	39.75	40.30	40.43	40.53	1,772.85	1,785.29	1,819.35	1,836.01
Construction	38.37	39.63	39.73	39.98	1,496.43	1,541.61	1,549.47	1,559.22
Manufacturing	34.18	35.33	35.40	35.50	1,367.20	1,416.73	1,423.08	1,420.00
Durable goods	36.20	37.49	37.60	37.70	1,466.10	1,518.35	1,526.56	1,523.08
Nondurable goods	30.78	31.72	31.72	31.83	1,209.65	1,246.60	1,252.94	1,254.10
Private service-providing	35.07	36.13	36.25	36.35	1,164.32	1,195.90	1,203.50	1,206.82
Trade, transportation, and utilities	30.09	30.89	31.02	31.07	1,020.05	1,050.26	1,054.68	1,059.49
Wholesale trade	37.75	38.71	38.90	39.00	1,483.58	1,513.56	1,520.99	1,524.90
Retail trade	24.54	25.37	25.51	25.47	726.38	756.03	760.20	764.10
Transportation and warehousing	30.73	31.43	31.52	31.71	1,167.74	1,200.63	1,213.52	1,217.66
Utilities	51.52	52.14	52.15	52.75	2,184.45	2,189.88	2,185.09	2,220.78
Information	50.27	52.36	52.46	52.58	1,844.91	1,926.85	1,935.77	1,945.46
Financial activities	45.87	47.40	47.58	47.74	1,724.71	1,786.98	1,789.01	1,795.02
Professional and business services	42.45	44.20	44.39	44.57	1,545.18	1,608.88	1,615.80	1,626.81
Private education and health services	34.54	35.38	35.47	35.53	1,143.27	1,156.93	1,163.42	1,161.83
Leisure and hospitality	22.14	22.80	22.86	22.95	562.36	581.40	582.93	585.23
Other services	32.04	32.65	32.71	32.84	1,028.48	1,041.54	1,043.45	1,047.60
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)	Percent change from: July 2025 - Aug. 2025(p)	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)	Percent change from: July 2025 - Aug. 2025(p)
Total private	115.9	116.6	116.7	116.7	0.0	195.3	202.5	203.3	203.9	0.3
Goods-producing	98.2	98.0	98.5	98.1	-0.4	159.5	164.3	165.5	165.6	0.1
Mining and logging	87.2	86.3	87.0	86.7	-0.3	139.1	139.6	141.2	141.1	-0.1
Construction	110.7	111.3	111.6	111.5	-0.1	184.6	191.7	192.7	193.7	0.5
Manufacturing	92.2	91.9	92.1	91.6	-0.5	146.5	151.0	151.7	151.2	-0.3
Durable goods	90.6	90.0	90.2	89.6	-0.7	145.7	149.8	150.7	150.0	-0.5
Nondurable goods	95.3	95.1	95.5	95.4	-0.1	148.8	153.1	153.7	154.0	0.2
Private service-providing	120.8	121.7	122.1	122.2	0.1	205.8	213.7	215.2	215.9	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	107.1	108.0	108.0	108.4	0.4	173.8	179.9	180.7	181.5	0.4
Wholesale trade	106.6	106.4	106.2	106.0	-0.2	168.3	172.2	172.9	173.0	0.1
Retail trade	93.4	94.4	94.5	95.2	0.7	151.6	158.4	159.4	160.3	0.6
Transportation and warehousing	145.5	147.9	149.2	148.9	-0.2	227.4	236.5	239.2	240.2	0.4
Utilities	108.7	108.8	108.6	109.0	0.4	185.0	187.4	187.2	190.0	1.5
Information	98.2	98.8	98.8	98.9	0.1	175.7	184.1	184.5	185.1	0.3
Financial activities	112.9	114.2	114.0	113.9	-0.1	202.1	211.1	211.5	212.1	0.3
Professional and business services	128.6	128.4	128.4	128.6	0.2	221.1	229.9	230.8	232.2	0.6
Private education and health services	143.7	146.0	146.8	146.6	-0.1	238.9	248.4	250.5	250.6	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	121.9	123.8	123.8	124.1	0.2	217.7	227.7	228.4	229.7	0.6
Other services	110.6	111.0	111.1	111.3	0.2	194.2	198.6	199.1	200.3	0.6
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)
Total nonfarm	78,903	79,574	79,626	79,686	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private	65,219	65,771	65,821	65,882	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.5
Goods-producing	4,973	4,946	4,934	4,926	23.0	22.8	22.8	22.8
Mining and logging	86	86	85	85	13.8	13.9	13.8	14.0
Construction	1,175	1,199	1,197	1,198	14.3	14.4	14.4	14.4
Manufacturing	3,712	3,661	3,652	3,643	29.0	28.7	28.7	28.6
Durable goods	1,956	1,923	1,920	1,912	24.6	24.4	24.3	24.3
Nondurable goods	1,756	1,738	1,732	1,731	36.2	35.8	35.8	35.7
Private service-providing	60,246	60,825	60,887	60,956	53.3	53.3	53.3	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,232	11,255	11,261	11,276	38.8	38.7	38.7	38.8
Wholesale trade	1,869.3	1,875.4	1,875.0	1,872.8	30.4	30.4	30.4	30.5
Retail trade	7,450.3	7,460.5	7,466.4	7,485.2	48.0	47.9	47.9	48.0
Transportation and warehousing	1,757.4	1,764.3	1,764.7	1,764.1	26.4	26.2	26.2	26.1
Utilities	155.1	154.9	154.5	154.2	26.2	25.9	25.8	25.8
Information	1,167	1,174	1,174	1,173	39.8	40.0	40.1	40.1
Financial activities	5,096	5,076	5,076	5,075	55.6	54.9	54.9	54.9
Professional and business services	10,339	10,214	10,211	10,183	45.8	45.3	45.3	45.2
Private education and health services	20,419	20,951	20,998	21,052	76.8	76.7	76.6	76.7
Leisure and hospitality	8,791	8,901	8,907	8,931	52.3	52.3	52.3	52.4
Other services	3,202	3,254	3,260	3,266	53.6	53.9	54.0	54.0
Government	13,684	13,803	13,805	13,804	58.4	58.5	58.5	58.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)
Total private	109,678	110,726	110,732	110,797
Goods-producing	15,433	15,369	15,344	15,327
Mining and logging	480	460	455	450
Construction	6,003	6,032	6,030	6,020
Manufacturing	8,950	8,877	8,859	8,857
Durable goods	5,412	5,345	5,339	5,329
Nondurable goods	3,538	3,532	3,520	3,528
Private service-providing	94,245	95,357	95,388	95,470
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,484	24,657	24,669	24,680
Wholesale trade	4,866.2	4,887.4	4,882.1	4,864.5
Retail trade	13,316.0	13,381.1	13,393.1	13,413.8
Transportation and warehousing	5,830.8	5,914.9	5,920.6	5,927.5
Utilities	470.8	473.8	473.5	474.0
Information	2,347	2,344	2,337	2,325
Financial activities	6,917	7,003	7,006	7,004
Professional and business services	17,770	17,691	17,668	17,659
Private education and health services	23,217	23,945	24,004	24,058
Leisure and hospitality	14,661	14,815	14,802	14,826
Other services	4,849	4,902	4,902	4,918
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.6	33.7	33.7
Goods-producing	40.5	40.6	40.7	40.6
Mining and logging	46.8	44.4	44.8	45.0
Construction	39.7	39.7	39.9	39.9
Manufacturing	40.7	41.0	41.1	40.9
Durable goods	40.9	41.2	41.3	41.0
Nondurable goods	40.3	40.7	40.7	40.8
Private service-providing	32.6	32.4	32.5	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	34.1	34.3	34.3
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.2	39.2	39.3
Retail trade	30.3	30.3	30.4	30.5
Transportation and warehousing	37.6	37.9	38.2	38.2
Utilities	42.7	43.2	42.8	42.6
Information	35.7	35.4	35.7	35.9
Financial activities	37.1	37.3	37.4	37.4
Professional and business services	36.4	36.2	36.4	36.4
Private education and health services	32.1	31.7	31.7	31.6
Leisure and hospitality	24.0	24.1	24.1	24.1
Other services	31.2	30.9	31.1	31.2
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8
Durable goods	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.7
Nondurable goods	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.9
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)
Total private	$30.27	$31.26	$31.34	$31.46	$1,020.10	$1,050.34	$1,056.16	$1,060.20
Goods-producing	31.25	32.40	32.47	32.56	1,265.63	1,315.44	1,321.53	1,321.94
Mining and logging	36.27	37.52	37.41	37.38	1,697.44	1,665.89	1,675.97	1,682.10
Construction	35.91	37.23	37.28	37.47	1,425.63	1,478.03	1,487.47	1,495.05
Manufacturing	27.89	28.94	29.01	29.03	1,135.12	1,186.54	1,192.31	1,187.33
Durable goods	29.43	30.56	30.65	30.73	1,203.69	1,259.07	1,265.85	1,259.93
Nondurable goods	25.50	26.47	26.50	26.45	1,027.65	1,077.33	1,078.55	1,079.16
Private service-providing	30.07	31.03	31.11	31.24	980.28	1,005.37	1,011.08	1,015.30
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26.10	26.83	26.93	27.05	887.40	914.90	923.70	927.82
Wholesale trade	31.30	32.26	32.46	32.63	1,223.83	1,264.59	1,272.43	1,282.36
Retail trade	20.97	21.54	21.62	21.66	635.39	652.66	657.25	660.63
Transportation and warehousing	29.28	30.02	30.11	30.37	1,100.93	1,137.76	1,150.20	1,160.13
Utilities	45.37	45.92	45.89	46.36	1,937.30	1,983.74	1,964.09	1,974.94
Information	40.77	42.85	43.14	43.49	1,455.49	1,516.89	1,540.10	1,561.29
Financial activities	35.97	37.32	37.48	37.71	1,334.49	1,392.04	1,401.75	1,410.35
Professional and business services	35.82	37.18	37.15	37.34	1,303.85	1,345.92	1,352.26	1,359.18
Private education and health services	31.69	32.65	32.76	32.83	1,017.25	1,035.01	1,038.49	1,037.43
Leisure and hospitality	19.62	20.16	20.22	20.31	470.88	485.86	487.30	489.47
Other services	27.71	28.48	28.53	28.58	864.55	880.03	887.28	891.70
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)	Percent change from: July 2025 - Aug. 2025(p)	Aug. 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Aug. 2025(p)	Percent change from: July 2025 - Aug. 2025(p)
Total private	123.2	124.0	124.4	124.4	0.0	249.2	259.0	260.5	261.6	0.4
Goods-producing	95.5	95.4	95.4	95.1	-0.3	182.8	189.2	189.7	189.6	-0.1
Mining and logging	119.4	108.5	108.3	107.6	-0.6	251.8	236.8	235.7	233.9	-0.8
Construction	119.3	119.9	120.5	120.3	-0.2	231.4	241.0	242.5	243.3	0.3
Manufacturing	83.6	83.5	83.6	83.2	-0.5	152.5	158.1	158.6	157.9	-0.4
Durable goods	83.2	82.7	82.8	82.1	-0.8	152.8	157.8	158.5	157.5	-0.6
Nondurable goods	84.0	84.7	84.4	84.8	0.5	151.4	158.4	158.1	158.5	0.3
Private service-providing	130.9	131.6	132.1	132.2	0.1	270.0	280.2	281.9	283.3	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	116.5	117.7	118.4	118.5	0.1	217.4	225.7	228.0	229.1	0.5
Wholesale trade	112.9	113.7	113.6	113.5	-0.1	208.6	216.5	217.6	218.5	0.4
Retail trade	102.3	102.8	103.2	103.7	0.5	183.9	189.9	191.4	192.7	0.7
Transportation and warehousing	165.9	169.7	171.2	171.4	0.1	309.2	324.2	328.0	331.3	1.0
Utilities	102.8	104.6	103.6	103.2	-0.4	194.6	200.6	198.5	199.8	0.7
Information	95.6	94.7	95.2	95.3	0.1	193.0	200.9	203.4	205.1	0.8
Financial activities	120.8	122.9	123.3	123.3	0.0	267.3	282.3	284.4	286.0	0.6
Professional and business services	144.4	143.0	143.6	143.5	-0.1	307.6	316.1	317.2	318.7	0.5
Private education and health services	158.9	161.8	162.2	162.1	-0.1	332.4	348.8	350.8	351.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	128.9	130.8	130.7	130.9	0.2	287.2	299.4	300.0	301.9	0.6
Other services	106.1	106.2	106.9	107.6	0.7	214.2	220.4	222.3	224.1	0.8
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.