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Economic News Release
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Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-24-1817
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 6, 2024

Technical information: 
 Household data:      (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	      (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- AUGUST 2024


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 142,000 in August, and the unemployment rate
changed little at 4.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains
occurred in construction and health care.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.2 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.1 million,
changed little in August. These measures are higher than a year earlier, when the jobless rate
was 3.8 percent, and the number of unemployed people was 6.3 million. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.0 percent), adult women
(3.7 percent), teenagers (14.1 percent), Whites (3.8 percent), Blacks (6.1 percent), Asians
(4.1 percent), and Hispanics (5.5 percent) showed little or no change in August. (See tables
A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of people on temporary layoff declined by 190,000 to 872,000
in August, mostly offsetting an increase in the prior month. The number of permanent job losers
was essentially unchanged at 1.7 million in August. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was virtually unchanged
at 1.5 million in August. The long-term unemployed accounted for 21.3 percent of all unemployed
people. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate remained at 62.7 percent in August and is little changed over
the year. The employment-population ratio also was unchanged in August, at 60.0 percent, but is
down by 0.4 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 4.8 million
in August. This measure is up from 4.2 million a year earlier. These individuals would have
preferred full-time employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced
or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 5.6 million, changed
little in August. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively
looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job.
(See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.4 million, was little changed in August. These individuals wanted and
were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not
looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset
of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, changed little at
367,000 in August. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 142,000 over the month. Employment growth in
August was in line with average job growth in recent months but was below the average monthly
gain of 202,000 over the prior 12 months. In August, job gains occurred in construction and
health care. (See table B-1.)

Construction employment rose by 34,000 in August, higher than the average monthly gain of 19,000
over the prior 12 months. Over the month, heavy and civil engineering construction added 14,000
jobs, and employment in nonresidential specialty trade contractors continued to trend up 
(+14,000).

Health care added 31,000 jobs in August, about half the average monthly gain of 60,000 over the
prior 12 months. In August, employment rose in ambulatory health care services (+24,000) and
hospitals (+10,000).

In August, employment in social assistance continued its upward trend (+13,000) but at a slower
pace than the average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+21,000). Individual and family
services added 18,000 jobs over the month.

Employment in manufacturing edged down in August (-24,000), reflecting a decline of 25,000 in
durable goods industries. Manufacturing employment has shown little net change over the year.

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and
warehousing; information; financial activities; professional and business services; leisure
and hospitality; other services; and government.

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by
14 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $35.21. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 3.8 percent. In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees increased by 11 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $30.27. (See tables B-3 and
B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.3
hours in August. In manufacturing, the average workweek changed little at 40.0 hours, and 
overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and 
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 61,000, from
+179,000 to +118,000, and the change for July was revised down by 25,000, from +114,000 to
+89,000. With these revisions, employment in June and July combined is 86,000 lower than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses
and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal
factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on
Friday, October 4, 2024, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Change from:
July
2024-
Aug.
2024

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

267,213 268,438 268,644 268,856 212

Civilian labor force

167,840 168,009 168,429 168,549 120

Participation rate

62.8 62.6 62.7 62.7 0.0

Employed

161,500 161,199 161,266 161,434 168

Employment-population ratio

60.4 60.1 60.0 60.0 0.0

Unemployed

6,340 6,811 7,163 7,115 -48

Unemployment rate

3.8 4.1 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Not in labor force

99,374 100,429 100,215 100,306 91

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

3.8 4.1 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)

3.7 3.8 4.0 4.0 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)

3.2 3.7 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

12.3 12.1 12.4 14.1 1.7

White

3.4 3.5 3.8 3.8 0.0

Black or African American

5.3 6.3 6.3 6.1 -0.2

Asian

3.2 4.1 3.7 4.1 0.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

4.9 4.9 5.3 5.5 0.2

Total, 25 years and over

3.0 3.3 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma

5.4 5.9 6.7 7.1 0.4

High school graduates, no college

3.9 4.2 4.6 4.0 -0.6

Some college or associate degree

3.1 3.4 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Bachelor's degree and higher

2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5 0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2,946 3,176 3,490 3,328 -162

Job leavers

804 752 855 845 -10

Reentrants

1,931 2,094 2,160 2,132 -28

New entrants

592 708 650 718 68

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,224 2,128 2,351 2,468 117

5 to 14 weeks

1,913 2,102 2,141 2,019 -122

15 to 26 weeks

970 1,087 1,087 1,167 80

27 weeks and over

1,326 1,516 1,535 1,533 -2

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

4,221 4,220 4,566 4,830 264

Slack work or business conditions

2,821 2,832 2,985 3,303 318

Could only find part-time work

1,017 1,144 1,195 1,144 -51

Part time for noneconomic reasons

22,030 22,341 22,036 22,561 525

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force

1,519 1,508 1,571 1,401 -170

Discouraged workers

384 365 405 367 -38

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

210 118 89 142

Total private

150 97 74 118

Goods-producing

33 2 20 10

Mining and logging

0 0 1 0

Construction

31 18 13 34

Manufacturing

2 -16 6 -24

Durable goods(1)

3 -17 5 -25

Motor vehicles and parts

-4.3 4.6 6.3 -5.9

Nondurable goods

-1 1 1 1

Private service-providing

117 95 54 108

Wholesale trade

1.5 6.0 7.3 4.9

Retail trade

-5.6 -19.5 -3.4 -11.1

Transportation and warehousing

-27.5 10.9 5.6 7.9

Utilities

2.8 1.3 -0.2 -0.2

Information

-18 0 -15 -7

Financial activities

4 13 -1 11

Professional and business services(1)

-1 -11 -13 8

Temporary help services

-18.9 -29.7 -18.1 -2.9

Private education and health services(1)

93 82 55 47

Health care and social assistance

93.5 68.7 58.8 44.1

Leisure and hospitality

52 4 24 46

Other services

16 8 -5 1

Government

60 21 15 24

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

211 147 141 116

Total private

161 137 126 96

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.8 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private women employees

48.4 48.3 48.3 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

81.3 81.4 81.4 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.4 34.3 34.2 34.3

Average hourly earnings

$33.91 $34.99 $35.07 $35.21

Average weekly earnings

$1,166.50 $1,200.16 $1,199.39 $1,207.70

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

115.3 116.5 116.2 116.6

Over-the-month percent change

0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

187.0 194.8 194.8 196.3

Over-the-month percent change

0.6 0.4 0.0 0.8

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (250 industries)

61.0 51.6 47.8 53.2

Manufacturing (72 industries)

51.4 31.9 43.1 42.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 119,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 629,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Aug.
2023
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2024
May
2024
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

267,213 268,644 268,856 267,213 268,066 268,248 268,438 268,644 268,856

Civilian labor force

168,049 169,723 168,763 167,840 167,982 167,732 168,009 168,429 168,549

Participation rate

62.9 63.2 62.8 62.8 62.7 62.5 62.6 62.7 62.7

Employed

161,427 162,038 161,348 161,500 161,491 161,083 161,199 161,266 161,434

Employment-population ratio

60.4 60.3 60.0 60.4 60.2 60.1 60.1 60.0 60.0

Unemployed

6,623 7,685 7,415 6,340 6,492 6,649 6,811 7,163 7,115

Unemployment rate

3.9 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2

Not in labor force

99,164 98,921 100,092 99,374 100,083 100,516 100,429 100,215 100,306

Persons who currently want a job

5,482 5,950 5,749 5,374 5,637 5,717 5,234 5,600 5,637

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

130,608 130,975 131,077 130,608 130,694 130,782 130,875 130,975 131,077

Civilian labor force

89,299 90,256 89,138 89,114 88,708 88,619 89,171 89,293 88,950

Participation rate

68.4 68.9 68.0 68.2 67.9 67.8 68.1 68.2 67.9

Employed

85,838 86,368 85,379 85,527 85,208 84,882 85,514 85,390 85,075

Employment-population ratio

65.7 65.9 65.1 65.5 65.2 64.9 65.3 65.2 64.9

Unemployed

3,461 3,889 3,759 3,587 3,500 3,737 3,657 3,903 3,875

Unemployment rate

3.9 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.4

Not in labor force

41,310 40,719 41,939 41,494 41,986 42,163 41,704 41,682 42,127

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

121,832 122,021 122,118 121,832 121,763 121,844 121,929 122,021 122,118

Civilian labor force

85,868 86,388 85,816 85,951 85,382 85,229 85,846 86,054 85,857

Participation rate

70.5 70.8 70.3 70.5 70.1 69.9 70.4 70.5 70.3

Employed

82,865 83,026 82,552 82,800 82,318 81,986 82,618 82,576 82,452

Employment-population ratio

68.0 68.0 67.6 68.0 67.6 67.3 67.8 67.7 67.5

Unemployed

3,003 3,362 3,264 3,151 3,064 3,243 3,227 3,477 3,405

Unemployment rate

3.5 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0

Not in labor force

35,964 35,633 36,302 35,881 36,381 36,615 36,083 35,968 36,261

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

136,605 137,669 137,779 136,605 137,372 137,465 137,564 137,669 137,779

Civilian labor force

78,750 79,467 79,626 78,726 79,274 79,113 78,838 79,136 79,599

Participation rate

57.6 57.7 57.8 57.6 57.7 57.6 57.3 57.5 57.8

Employed

75,589 75,670 75,970 75,973 76,283 76,201 75,684 75,876 76,359

Employment-population ratio

55.3 55.0 55.1 55.6 55.5 55.4 55.0 55.1 55.4

Unemployed

3,162 3,797 3,656 2,752 2,991 2,912 3,154 3,260 3,240

Unemployment rate

4.0 4.8 4.6 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.1

Not in labor force

57,854 58,203 58,153 57,879 58,098 58,353 58,725 58,533 58,179

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

128,132 129,021 129,125 128,132 128,742 128,830 128,922 129,021 129,125

Civilian labor force

75,305 75,657 76,216 75,514 75,989 75,812 75,587 75,968 76,411

Participation rate

58.8 58.6 59.0 58.9 59.0 58.8 58.6 58.9 59.2

Employed

72,515 72,348 73,014 73,107 73,334 73,226 72,798 73,078 73,589

Employment-population ratio

56.6 56.1 56.5 57.1 57.0 56.8 56.5 56.6 57.0

Unemployed

2,790 3,309 3,202 2,407 2,655 2,586 2,788 2,890 2,822

Unemployment rate

3.7 4.4 4.2 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.7

Not in labor force

52,826 53,364 52,909 52,618 52,753 53,018 53,335 53,052 52,714

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

17,249 17,602 17,612 17,249 17,561 17,574 17,588 17,602 17,612

Civilian labor force

6,876 7,678 6,731 6,374 6,611 6,692 6,577 6,407 6,281

Participation rate

39.9 43.6 38.2 37.0 37.6 38.1 37.4 36.4 35.7

Employed

6,046 6,664 5,782 5,593 5,839 5,871 5,782 5,612 5,393

Employment-population ratio

35.1 37.9 32.8 32.4 33.2 33.4 32.9 31.9 30.6

Unemployed

830 1,014 949 781 772 821 795 795 888

Unemployment rate

12.1 13.2 14.1 12.3 11.7 12.3 12.1 12.4 14.1

Not in labor force

10,373 9,924 10,881 10,875 10,950 10,882 11,011 11,195 11,332

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Aug.
2023
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2024
May
2024
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

204,645 205,114 205,222 204,645 204,831 204,917 205,010 205,114 205,222

Civilian labor force

128,092 128,804 128,107 127,931 127,708 127,384 127,552 127,887 127,939

Participation rate

62.6 62.8 62.4 62.5 62.3 62.2 62.2 62.3 62.3

Employed

123,531 123,595 123,013 123,543 123,229 122,922 123,095 123,032 123,049

Employment-population ratio

60.4 60.3 59.9 60.4 60.2 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0

Unemployed

4,561 5,209 5,094 4,387 4,479 4,462 4,457 4,854 4,890

Unemployment rate

3.6 4.0 4.0 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.8

Not in labor force

76,553 76,311 77,115 76,714 77,123 77,533 77,457 77,228 77,282

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

66,480 66,534 66,277 66,535 65,982 65,797 66,154 66,313 66,282

Participation rate

70.2 70.3 70.0 70.2 69.8 69.6 70.0 70.1 70.0

Employed

64,374 64,312 64,002 64,307 63,801 63,588 64,011 64,005 63,910

Employment-population ratio

68.0 68.0 67.6 67.9 67.5 67.3 67.7 67.6 67.5

Unemployed

2,106 2,222 2,275 2,228 2,181 2,208 2,143 2,308 2,372

Unemployment rate

3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

56,243 56,257 56,606 56,422 56,622 56,441 56,268 56,529 56,777

Participation rate

57.7 57.5 57.9 57.9 58.0 57.8 57.6 57.8 58.0

Employed

54,361 54,005 54,432 54,803 54,843 54,752 54,505 54,583 54,866

Employment-population ratio

55.8 55.2 55.6 56.3 56.2 56.0 55.8 55.8 56.1

Unemployed

1,882 2,252 2,175 1,619 1,779 1,689 1,763 1,946 1,911

Unemployment rate

3.3 4.0 3.8 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

5,369 6,013 5,223 4,973 5,103 5,146 5,131 5,044 4,880

Participation rate

42.9 47.3 41.1 39.7 40.2 40.5 40.4 39.7 38.4

Employed

4,796 5,279 4,579 4,433 4,584 4,582 4,580 4,444 4,273

Employment-population ratio

38.3 41.5 36.0 35.4 36.1 36.1 36.0 34.9 33.6

Unemployed

573 734 644 540 519 564 551 600 607

Unemployment rate

10.7 12.2 12.3 10.9 10.2 11.0 10.7 11.9 12.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

34,714 35,017 35,053 34,714 34,918 34,949 34,982 35,017 35,053

Civilian labor force

21,837 22,346 22,045 21,782 22,051 21,986 21,942 22,124 21,984

Participation rate

62.9 63.8 62.9 62.7 63.2 62.9 62.7 63.2 62.7

Employed

20,613 20,819 20,618 20,626 20,812 20,643 20,570 20,739 20,639

Employment-population ratio

59.4 59.5 58.8 59.4 59.6 59.1 58.8 59.2 58.9

Unemployed

1,224 1,526 1,427 1,155 1,239 1,343 1,372 1,385 1,344

Unemployment rate

5.6 6.8 6.5 5.3 5.6 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.1

Not in labor force

12,878 12,671 13,009 12,933 12,867 12,963 13,040 12,893 13,070

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,182 10,445 10,178 10,155 10,194 10,150 10,269 10,370 10,153

Participation rate

68.7 70.2 68.3 68.5 68.7 68.3 69.1 69.7 68.2

Employed

9,678 9,749 9,590 9,640 9,661 9,497 9,643 9,681 9,551

Employment-population ratio

65.3 65.5 64.4 65.0 65.1 63.9 64.9 65.1 64.1

Unemployed

504 696 588 516 533 654 626 689 602

Unemployment rate

5.0 6.7 5.8 5.1 5.2 6.4 6.1 6.6 5.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,859 11,019 11,078 10,880 10,991 10,994 10,906 11,029 11,084

Participation rate

62.6 62.9 63.2 62.7 62.9 62.9 62.3 63.0 63.2

Employed

10,277 10,331 10,381 10,367 10,442 10,421 10,289 10,428 10,474

Employment-population ratio

59.2 59.0 59.2 59.8 59.8 59.6 58.8 59.5 59.7

Unemployed

582 688 696 513 548 572 617 601 610

Unemployment rate

5.4 6.2 6.3 4.7 5.0 5.2 5.7 5.5 5.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

796 881 789 746 867 842 767 725 747

Participation rate

31.3 33.6 30.0 29.3 33.2 32.2 29.3 27.6 28.4

Employed

658 739 647 619 709 725 637 630 614

Employment-population ratio

25.9 28.2 24.6 24.3 27.2 27.7 24.3 24.0 23.4

Unemployed

138 142 142 126 158 117 130 95 133

Unemployment rate

17.3 16.1 18.0 16.9 18.2 13.9 16.9 13.1 17.7

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

17,515 17,971 17,973 17,515 17,816 17,993 18,052 17,971 17,973

Civilian labor force

11,552 11,924 11,817 11,487 11,536 11,754 11,888 11,814 11,755

Participation rate

66.0 66.4 65.7 65.6 64.7 65.3 65.9 65.7 65.4

Employed

11,176 11,466 11,309 11,125 11,214 11,393 11,400 11,383 11,269

Employment-population ratio

63.8 63.8 62.9 63.5 62.9 63.3 63.2 63.3 62.7

Unemployed

376 459 508 362 322 361 488 431 486

Unemployment rate

3.3 3.8 4.3 3.2 2.8 3.1 4.1 3.7 4.1

Not in labor force

5,963 6,047 6,156 6,028 6,280 6,239 6,163 6,158 6,218

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Aug.
2023
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2024
May
2024
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

47,671 48,966 49,071 47,671 48,667 48,764 48,864 48,966 49,071

Civilian labor force

31,960 33,011 33,273 32,009 32,777 32,815 33,002 32,946 33,264

Participation rate

67.0 67.4 67.8 67.1 67.3 67.3 67.5 67.3 67.8

Employed

30,382 31,207 31,418 30,451 31,187 31,185 31,388 31,191 31,443

Employment-population ratio

63.7 63.7 64.0 63.9 64.1 64.0 64.2 63.7 64.1

Unemployed

1,578 1,805 1,856 1,558 1,589 1,630 1,614 1,755 1,822

Unemployment rate

4.9 5.5 5.6 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.5

Not in labor force

15,711 15,954 15,798 15,662 15,890 15,949 15,862 16,020 15,807

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

17,170 17,718 17,839 17,172 17,532 17,592 17,769 17,710 17,834

Participation rate

79.3 80.1 80.4 79.3 79.7 79.8 80.5 80.0 80.4

Employed

16,465 16,990 17,004 16,436 16,765 16,767 17,023 16,923 16,980

Employment-population ratio

76.0 76.8 76.7 75.9 76.2 76.1 77.1 76.5 76.6

Unemployed

706 728 834 736 766 826 746 786 854

Unemployment rate

4.1 4.1 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.4 4.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

13,279 13,583 13,904 13,363 13,638 13,582 13,555 13,690 13,921

Participation rate

61.5 61.1 62.4 61.8 61.7 61.3 61.1 61.6 62.5

Employed

12,663 12,807 13,175 12,776 13,016 13,032 12,951 12,949 13,223

Employment-population ratio

58.6 57.6 59.1 59.1 58.9 58.9 58.4 58.2 59.3

Unemployed

616 776 729 587 623 550 604 741 698

Unemployment rate

4.6 5.7 5.2 4.4 4.6 4.1 4.5 5.4 5.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,510 1,711 1,531 1,473 1,607 1,641 1,678 1,546 1,509

Participation rate

34.3 37.2 33.2 33.4 35.1 35.8 36.5 33.6 32.7

Employed

1,254 1,409 1,238 1,238 1,406 1,386 1,414 1,319 1,239

Employment-population ratio

28.5 30.6 26.9 28.1 30.7 30.2 30.8 28.7 26.9

Unemployed

257 302 293 235 200 254 264 227 269

Unemployment rate

17.0 17.6 19.1 15.9 12.5 15.5 15.7 14.7 17.8

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2023
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2024
May
2024
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

9,210 8,997 9,418 9,261 8,990 9,046 9,145 9,199 9,452

Participation rate

47.4 47.9 47.9 47.7 46.8 46.0 47.0 49.0 48.1

Employed

8,774 8,408 8,807 8,759 8,451 8,515 8,604 8,583 8,785

Employment-population ratio

45.2 44.8 44.8 45.1 44.0 43.3 44.2 45.7 44.7

Unemployed

436 589 611 502 539 531 541 616 667

Unemployment rate

4.7 6.5 6.5 5.4 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.7 7.1

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

36,349 36,537 36,972 36,250 36,208 36,340 36,235 36,721 36,840

Participation rate

56.7 56.7 57.1 56.5 56.7 56.8 57.0 57.0 56.9

Employed

34,957 34,832 35,508 34,848 34,757 34,785 34,709 35,015 35,357

Employment-population ratio

54.5 54.1 54.8 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.6 54.3 54.6

Unemployed

1,392 1,705 1,464 1,402 1,451 1,555 1,526 1,707 1,482

Unemployment rate

3.8 4.7 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

35,560 35,537 35,239 35,845 36,225 35,610 35,569 35,688 35,578

Participation rate

62.7 62.7 62.9 63.2 62.9 63.1 62.7 63.0 63.5

Employed

34,393 34,198 33,939 34,751 35,017 34,517 34,353 34,425 34,352

Employment-population ratio

60.7 60.4 60.6 61.3 60.8 61.1 60.5 60.8 61.3

Unemployed

1,167 1,339 1,300 1,094 1,208 1,092 1,216 1,263 1,226

Unemployment rate

3.3 3.8 3.7 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.4

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

64,112 65,086 65,080 64,330 64,449 64,994 65,352 65,256 65,291

Participation rate

73.2 72.5 72.8 73.4 72.8 72.8 72.8 72.7 73.0

Employed

62,469 63,340 63,217 62,886 63,047 63,622 63,800 63,724 63,653

Employment-population ratio

71.3 70.5 70.7 71.8 71.2 71.3 71.1 71.0 71.2

Unemployed

1,643 1,746 1,864 1,444 1,402 1,372 1,552 1,532 1,639

Unemployment rate

2.6 2.7 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

17,879 17,532 15,836 15,481 2,043 2,051

Civilian labor force

8,680 8,335 7,542 7,227 1,138 1,108

Participation rate

48.5 47.5 47.6 46.7 55.7 54.0

Employed

8,371 8,045 7,291 7,015 1,080 1,030

Employment-population ratio

46.8 45.9 46.0 45.3 52.8 50.2

Unemployed

309 290 251 212 58 78

Unemployment rate

3.6 3.5 3.3 2.9 5.1 7.0

Not in labor force

9,199 9,197 8,294 8,254 905 943

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,012 5,262 4,088 4,315 924 947

Civilian labor force

3,983 4,181 3,337 3,533 647 648

Participation rate

79.5 79.5 81.6 81.9 70.0 68.5

Employed

3,810 4,036 3,202 3,433 608 603

Employment-population ratio

76.0 76.7 78.3 79.6 65.8 63.7

Unemployed

173 145 135 100 39 45

Unemployment rate

4.3 3.5 4.0 2.8 6.0 7.0

Not in labor force

1,029 1,081 751 782 277 298

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,006 2,900 2,558 2,444 448 456

Civilian labor force

2,173 1,934 1,863 1,664 310 271

Participation rate

72.3 66.7 72.8 68.1 69.3 59.3

Employed

2,126 1,866 1,827 1,617 299 248

Employment-population ratio

70.7 64.3 71.4 66.2 66.8 54.4

Unemployed

47 68 36 46 11 22

Unemployment rate

2.2 3.5 1.9 2.8 3.6 8.2

Not in labor force

833 966 695 780 138 186

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,941 5,601 5,689 5,364 252 237

Civilian labor force

833 709 815 684 18 25

Participation rate

14.0 12.7 14.3 12.7 7.3 10.7

Employed

806 676 788 661 18 15

Employment-population ratio

13.6 12.1 13.9 12.3 7.3 6.4

Unemployed

27 33 27 23 0 10

Unemployment rate

3.2 4.6 3.3 3.3 - -

Not in labor force

5,108 4,892 4,874 4,680 234 212

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,920 3,769 3,501 3,358 419 411

Civilian labor force

1,690 1,511 1,528 1,347 162 164

Participation rate

43.1 40.1 43.6 40.1 38.8 39.9

Employed

1,629 1,468 1,475 1,304 154 164

Employment-population ratio

41.6 38.9 42.1 38.8 36.8 39.9

Unemployed

62 43 53 43 8 0

Unemployment rate

3.6 2.9 3.5 3.2 5.1 0.0

Not in labor force

2,230 2,258 1,973 2,011 257 247

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

240,285 241,878 110,139 110,731 130,146 131,147

Civilian labor force

156,713 157,777 80,461 80,606 76,252 77,171

Participation rate

65.2 65.2 73.1 72.8 58.6 58.8

Employed

150,694 151,028 77,389 77,265 73,305 73,763

Employment-population ratio

62.7 62.4 70.3 69.8 56.3 56.2

Unemployed

6,019 6,749 3,072 3,341 2,947 3,408

Unemployment rate

3.8 4.3 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.4

Not in labor force

83,572 84,101 29,677 30,125 53,894 53,976

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

34,059 33,649 233,154 235,207

Civilian labor force

8,477 8,030 159,573 160,733

Participation rate

24.9 23.9 68.4 68.3

Employed

7,849 7,362 153,578 153,987

Employment-population ratio

23.0 21.9 65.9 65.5

Unemployed

627 669 5,995 6,746

Unemployment rate

7.4 8.3 3.8 4.2

Not in labor force

25,582 25,619 73,582 74,474

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

3,563 3,377 79,618 79,333

Participation rate

42.0 41.4 83.3 83.0

Employed

3,276 3,065 76,659 76,097

Employment-population ratio

38.6 37.6 80.2 79.6

Unemployed

287 311 2,959 3,237

Unemployment rate

8.0 9.2 3.7 4.1

Not in labor force

4,914 4,780 15,997 16,228

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

3,528 3,310 70,078 70,878

Participation rate

40.4 38.7 73.1 73.3

Employed

3,257 3,012 67,402 67,698

Employment-population ratio

37.3 35.3 70.3 70.0

Unemployed

271 297 2,676 3,179

Unemployment rate

7.7 9.0 3.8 4.5

Not in labor force

5,210 5,232 25,840 25,766

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,386 1,344 9,876 10,522

Participation rate

8.2 7.9 23.7 24.5

Employed

1,317 1,284 9,516 10,192

Employment-population ratio

7.8 7.6 22.9 23.7

Unemployed

70 60 360 330

Unemployment rate

5.0 4.5 3.6 3.1

Not in labor force

15,458 15,607 31,744 32,479

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

46,818 48,853 22,854 23,792 23,964 25,061

Civilian labor force

31,567 33,049 17,972 18,724 13,595 14,325

Participation rate

67.4 67.6 78.6 78.7 56.7 57.2

Employed

30,396 31,636 17,380 18,075 13,015 13,561

Employment-population ratio

64.9 64.8 76.0 76.0 54.3 54.1

Unemployed

1,171 1,413 591 649 580 764

Unemployment rate

3.7 4.3 3.3 3.5 4.3 5.3

Not in labor force

15,251 15,804 4,883 5,068 10,369 10,736

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

220,395 220,003 107,754 107,285 112,641 112,718

Civilian labor force

136,482 135,714 71,327 70,414 65,155 65,301

Participation rate

61.9 61.7 66.2 65.6 57.8 57.9

Employed

131,031 129,712 68,458 67,304 62,573 62,408

Employment-population ratio

59.5 59.0 63.5 62.7 55.6 55.4

Unemployed

5,452 6,002 2,870 3,110 2,582 2,892

Unemployment rate

4.0 4.4 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.4

Not in labor force

83,913 84,288 36,427 36,871 47,486 47,417

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2023
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2024
May
2024
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,326 2,421 2,393 2,279 2,246 2,221 2,379 2,273 2,327

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,582 1,729 1,719 1,553 1,555 1,504 1,666 1,595 1,659

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

717 673 652 694 657 657 655 641 630

Unpaid family workers

27 20 22 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

159,101 159,616 158,955 159,275 159,161 158,919 158,984 159,100 159,108

Wage and salary workers(1)

150,171 150,290 149,379 150,262 149,831 149,413 149,846 149,789 149,476

Government

20,684 20,704 20,854 21,249 21,616 21,613 21,560 21,607 21,431

Private industries

129,487 129,586 128,526 128,893 128,170 127,746 128,300 128,166 127,962

Private households

681 629 613 - - - - - -

Other industries

128,807 128,956 127,913 128,254 127,493 127,072 127,646 127,515 127,371

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,886 9,285 9,545 8,827 9,295 9,408 9,025 9,191 9,475

Unpaid family workers

44 41 31 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,143 4,718 4,757 4,221 4,469 4,419 4,220 4,566 4,830

Slack work or business conditions

2,712 2,996 3,203 2,821 3,058 3,086 2,832 2,985 3,303

Could only find part-time work

1,003 1,301 1,133 1,017 1,134 1,042 1,144 1,195 1,144

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

20,506 20,566 21,050 22,030 22,253 22,662 22,341 22,036 22,561

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,084 4,661 4,677 4,149 4,404 4,340 4,138 4,491 4,737

Slack work or business conditions

2,670 2,954 3,157 2,779 3,010 3,036 2,778 2,937 3,261

Could only find part-time work

999 1,291 1,108 1,016 1,132 1,028 1,134 1,188 1,124

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

20,084 20,201 20,682 21,582 21,906 22,285 21,947 21,681 22,170

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2023
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2024
May
2024
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

161,427 162,038 161,348 161,500 161,491 161,083 161,199 161,266 161,434

16 to 19 years

6,046 6,664 5,782 5,593 5,839 5,871 5,782 5,612 5,393

16 to 17 years

2,362 2,609 2,275 2,104 2,116 2,153 2,207 2,139 2,034

18 to 19 years

3,684 4,054 3,508 3,466 3,727 3,733 3,556 3,418 3,327

20 years and over

155,381 155,374 155,566 155,907 155,652 155,212 155,417 155,654 156,041

20 to 24 years

14,787 14,596 14,096 14,611 14,419 13,945 14,050 14,081 13,917

25 years and over

140,593 140,778 141,470 141,129 141,328 141,385 141,364 141,594 141,988

25 to 54 years

103,133 103,547 103,757 103,508 103,832 103,919 103,874 104,120 104,144

25 to 34 years

35,810 35,418 35,324 35,972 35,638 35,694 35,645 35,569 35,495

35 to 44 years

35,375 36,057 36,227 35,467 36,197 36,121 36,147 36,270 36,332

45 to 54 years

31,948 32,072 32,206 32,069 31,997 32,105 32,081 32,281 32,317

55 years and over

37,461 37,231 37,713 37,620 37,497 37,466 37,491 37,475 37,844

Men, 16 years and over

85,838 86,368 85,379 85,527 85,208 84,882 85,514 85,390 85,075

16 to 19 years

2,973 3,342 2,827 2,727 2,890 2,896 2,896 2,814 2,623

16 to 17 years

1,158 1,293 1,098 1,015 1,000 996 1,061 1,045 967

18 to 19 years

1,815 2,049 1,728 1,675 1,901 1,915 1,818 1,720 1,616

20 years and over

82,865 83,026 82,552 82,800 82,318 81,986 82,618 82,576 82,452

20 to 24 years

7,530 7,517 7,236 7,367 7,381 7,110 7,218 7,160 7,071

25 years and over

75,335 75,509 75,316 75,288 75,012 74,943 75,358 75,412 75,279

25 to 54 years

55,335 55,494 55,208 55,279 55,027 54,970 55,294 55,378 55,162

25 to 34 years

19,198 19,083 18,810 19,208 18,893 18,872 18,992 19,033 18,831

35 to 44 years

19,097 19,432 19,359 19,050 19,234 19,210 19,304 19,371 19,322

45 to 54 years

17,040 16,979 17,039 17,020 16,900 16,888 16,998 16,973 17,010

55 years and over

20,000 20,014 20,109 20,009 19,985 19,973 20,063 20,035 20,117

Women, 16 years and over

75,589 75,670 75,970 75,973 76,283 76,201 75,684 75,876 76,359

16 to 19 years

3,073 3,322 2,956 2,866 2,949 2,975 2,886 2,798 2,770

16 to 17 years

1,204 1,317 1,176 1,089 1,116 1,158 1,145 1,095 1,067

18 to 19 years

1,869 2,005 1,780 1,791 1,827 1,818 1,739 1,698 1,712

20 years and over

72,515 72,348 73,014 73,107 73,334 73,226 72,798 73,078 73,589

20 to 24 years

7,257 7,078 6,860 7,244 7,038 6,835 6,833 6,921 6,846

25 years and over

65,258 65,270 66,154 65,841 66,316 66,442 66,007 66,182 66,709

25 to 54 years

47,797 48,053 48,550 48,230 48,805 48,950 48,579 48,742 48,982

25 to 34 years

16,611 16,335 16,515 16,763 16,745 16,822 16,653 16,536 16,665

35 to 44 years

16,279 16,625 16,868 16,417 16,963 16,910 16,843 16,899 17,010

45 to 54 years

14,908 15,093 15,167 15,050 15,096 15,217 15,083 15,308 15,307

55 years and over

17,461 17,217 17,604 17,611 17,511 17,492 17,427 17,440 17,727

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

45,754 45,792 45,826 45,956 45,547 45,712 45,902 46,060 45,952

Married women, spouse present(1)

36,930 36,393 36,949 37,339 36,906 37,020 36,964 36,981 37,341

Women who maintain families(2)

9,719 10,066 10,130 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

135,445 135,036 134,396 134,267 133,889 133,264 133,236 133,684 133,246

Part-time workers(4)

25,982 27,002 26,953 27,201 27,718 28,004 28,054 27,729 28,256

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,778 8,402 8,236 8,069 8,383 8,399 8,340 8,473 8,538

Percent of total employed

4.8 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

6,989 6,911 6,911 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,603 9,957 10,197 9,521 9,952 10,065 9,681 9,831 10,105

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Aug.
2023
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2024
May
2024
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

6,340 7,163 7,115 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2

16 to 19 years

781 795 888 12.3 11.7 12.3 12.1 12.4 14.1

16 to 17 years

286 274 363 11.9 12.6 13.6 12.6 11.3 15.1

18 to 19 years

505 534 533 12.7 11.3 11.4 11.8 13.5 13.8

20 years and over

5,559 6,368 6,227 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.8

20 to 24 years

1,119 1,168 1,184 7.1 6.7 7.9 7.5 7.7 7.8

25 years and over

4,388 5,141 4,997 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.4

25 to 54 years

3,363 3,940 3,850 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6

25 to 34 years

1,454 1,791 1,667 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.8 4.5

35 to 44 years

1,085 1,180 1,296 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4

45 to 54 years

824 968 887 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.7

55 years and over

1,039 1,200 1,154 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.0

Men, 16 years and over

3,587 3,903 3,875 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.4

16 to 19 years

436 426 470 13.8 13.1 14.6 12.9 13.1 15.2

16 to 17 years

140 123 205 12.1 13.8 16.6 12.3 10.5 17.5

18 to 19 years

300 309 270 15.2 12.8 13.0 13.3 15.2 14.3

20 years and over

3,151 3,477 3,405 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0

20 to 24 years

672 612 644 8.4 6.6 8.3 8.0 7.9 8.3

25 years and over

2,428 2,808 2,718 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5

25 to 54 years

1,847 2,134 2,033 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.6

25 to 34 years

775 945 888 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.5

35 to 44 years

589 673 659 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3

45 to 54 years

483 516 487 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8

55 years and over

582 674 686 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.3 3.3

Women, 16 years and over

2,752 3,260 3,240 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.1

16 to 19 years

345 369 418 10.7 10.2 9.9 11.2 11.7 13.1

16 to 17 years

146 151 158 11.8 11.6 10.8 12.8 12.1 12.9

18 to 19 years

206 224 263 10.3 9.6 9.7 10.1 11.7 13.3

20 years and over

2,407 2,890 2,822 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.7

20 to 24 years

447 556 540 5.8 6.7 7.4 7.0 7.4 7.3

25 years and over

1,960 2,333 2,279 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.3

25 to 54 years

1,517 1,805 1,817 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.6

25 to 34 years

679 846 780 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.6 4.9 4.5

35 to 44 years

496 507 637 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.4 2.9 3.6

45 to 54 years

341 453 400 2.2 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.5

55 years and over

464 521 477 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

942 980 1,007 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1

Married women, spouse present(1)

786 895 917 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4

Women who maintain families(2)

499 592 601 4.9 4.8 4.4 6.2 5.6 5.6

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

5,098 5,786 5,757 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1

Part-time workers(4)

1,259 1,361 1,357 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.7 4.6

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2023
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2024
May
2024
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

3,053 3,649 3,431 2,946 3,241 3,220 3,176 3,490 3,328

On temporary layoff

870 1,266 922 813 871 836 813 1,062 872

Not on temporary layoff

2,183 2,382 2,510 2,132 2,370 2,384 2,362 2,427 2,456

Permanent job losers

1,600 1,669 1,743 1,545 1,756 1,764 1,643 1,682 1,688

Persons who completed temporary jobs

583 714 766 588 615 620 719 746 768

Job leavers

876 894 923 804 785 717 752 855 845

Reentrants

2,014 2,329 2,239 1,931 1,929 2,046 2,094 2,160 2,132

New entrants

680 814 821 592 574 630 708 650 718

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

46.1 47.5 46.3 47.0 49.6 48.7 47.2 48.8 47.4

On temporary layoff

13.1 16.5 12.4 13.0 13.3 12.6 12.1 14.8 12.4

Not on temporary layoff

33.0 31.0 33.8 34.0 36.3 36.0 35.1 33.9 35.0

Job leavers

13.2 11.6 12.4 12.8 12.0 10.8 11.2 11.9 12.0

Reentrants

30.4 30.3 30.2 30.8 29.5 30.9 31.1 30.2 30.4

New entrants

10.3 10.6 11.1 9.4 8.8 9.5 10.5 9.1 10.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0

Job leavers

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Reentrants

1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

New entrants

0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2023
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2024
May
2024
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,173 2,638 2,442 2,224 2,262 2,309 2,128 2,351 2,468

5 to 14 weeks

2,280 2,542 2,395 1,913 1,987 1,918 2,102 2,141 2,019

15 weeks and over

2,171 2,505 2,578 2,296 2,119 2,305 2,603 2,622 2,700

15 to 26 weeks

796 938 1,028 970 869 955 1,087 1,087 1,167

27 weeks and over

1,374 1,568 1,550 1,326 1,250 1,350 1,516 1,535 1,533

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

20.2 19.6 20.8 20.4 19.9 21.2 20.7 20.6 21.0

Median duration, in weeks

8.8 8.7 9.5 8.8 8.7 8.9 9.8 9.4 9.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

32.8 34.3 32.9 34.6 35.5 35.3 31.1 33.0 34.3

5 to 14 weeks

34.4 33.1 32.3 29.7 31.2 29.4 30.8 30.1 28.1

15 weeks and over

32.8 32.6 34.8 35.7 33.3 35.3 38.1 36.9 37.6

15 to 26 weeks

12.0 12.2 13.9 15.1 13.6 14.6 15.9 15.3 16.2

27 weeks and over

20.7 20.4 20.9 20.6 19.6 20.7 22.2 21.6 21.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024

Total, 16 years and over(1)

161,427 161,348 6,623 7,415 3.9 4.4

Management, professional, and related occupations

69,280 69,892 1,712 2,056 2.4 2.9

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

30,458 30,610 649 765 2.1 2.4

Professional and related occupations

38,822 39,282 1,063 1,291 2.7 3.2

Service occupations

26,646 26,640 1,344 1,401 4.8 5.0

Sales and office occupations

30,408 29,949 1,243 1,280 3.9 4.1

Sales and related occupations

14,286 14,047 580 676 3.9 4.6

Office and administrative support occupations

16,122 15,902 663 604 3.9 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14,606 14,769 581 652 3.8 4.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

1,074 1,198 76 159 6.6 11.7

Construction and extraction occupations

8,530 8,700 413 363 4.6 4.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

5,002 4,871 92 130 1.8 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

20,486 20,099 1,024 1,194 4.8 5.6

Production occupations

8,526 7,777 282 406 3.2 5.0

Transportation and material moving occupations

11,960 12,322 742 787 5.8 6.0

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024

Total, 16 years and over(1)

6,623 7,415 3.9 4.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

4,938 5,420 3.7 4.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

16 22 2.5 3.5

Construction

424 338 3.9 3.2

Manufacturing

433 514 2.7 3.5

Durable goods

264 301 2.6 3.2

Nondurable goods

169 212 3.0 4.0

Wholesale and retail trade

766 931 3.8 4.8

Transportation and utilities

370 365 4.4 4.3

Information

106 148 4.1 6.0

Financial activities

224 297 2.2 3.0

Professional and business services

729 864 3.7 4.2

Education and health services

822 975 3.2 3.7

Leisure and hospitality

817 748 5.8 5.5

Other services

232 219 3.5 3.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

93 207 5.8 11.3

Government workers

599 659 2.8 3.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

313 309 3.1 2.9

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2023
July
2024
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2024
May
2024
June
2024
July
2024
Aug.
2024

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

3.9 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

4.1 4.8 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

4.8 5.4 5.2 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.0

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

7.2 8.2 8.0 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.8 7.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024
Aug.
2023
Aug.
2024

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

99,164 100,092 41,310 41,939 57,854 58,153

Persons who currently want a job

5,482 5,749 2,480 2,760 3,002 2,989

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

1,500 1,359 732 700 768 659

Discouraged workers(2)

364 341 247 200 117 141

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,136 1,018 485 500 652 518

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,778 8,236 3,691 3,883 4,087 4,353

Percent of total employed

4.8 5.1 4.3 4.5 5.4 5.7

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

4,582 4,756 2,372 2,459 2,210 2,297

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,868 2,012 657 676 1,211 1,336

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

367 377 202 238 164 139

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

859 1,037 431 488 427 549

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)
Change from:
July2024 - Aug.2024(p)

Total nonfarm

156,355 159,341 158,387 158,650 156,421 158,548 158,637 158,779 142

Total private

134,326 136,207 136,256 136,194 133,568 135,248 135,322 135,440 118

Goods-producing

21,916 22,066 22,116 22,123 21,637 21,812 21,832 21,842 10

Mining and logging

652 637 641 644 644 634 635 635 0

Logging

46.1 38.0 39.5 38.6 44.7 38.5 38.2 37.2 -1.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

605.5 599.2 601.7 605.3 599.1 595.9 596.4 597.7 1.3

Oil and gas extraction

118.6 120.7 121.1 120.1 117.4 120.1 119.8 118.4 -1.4

Mining (except oil and gas)

190.7 192.3 192.8 192.3 187.0 189.6 188.9 188.7 -0.2

Coal mining

43.1 44.2 44.0 43.0 43.0 44.1 43.6 43.0 -0.6

Metal ore mining

43.9 43.7 44.0 44.1 43.5 43.5 43.6 43.7 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

103.7 104.4 104.8 105.2 100.5 102.0 101.7 102.0 0.3

Support activities for mining

296.2 286.2 287.8 292.9 294.7 286.2 287.7 290.6 2.9

Construction

8,263 8,413 8,463 8,497 8,052 8,233 8,246 8,280 34

Construction of buildings

1,845.3 1,905.7 1,915.0 1,915.7 1,813.4 1,876.5 1,877.2 1,882.8 5.6

Residential building construction

937.7 961.2 963.9 967.9 923.0 948.1 946.1 950.9 4.8

Nonresidential building construction

907.6 944.5 951.1 947.8 890.4 928.4 931.1 931.9 0.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction

1,177.8 1,190.8 1,191.7 1,207.8 1,124.6 1,144.8 1,142.7 1,156.2 13.5

Specialty trade contractors

5,240.0 5,316.6 5,355.8 5,373.5 5,114.0 5,211.9 5,225.8 5,240.6 14.8

Residential specialty trade contractors

2,434.3 2,467.9 2,479.4 2,473.8 2,381.3 2,410.5 2,415.7 2,416.5 0.8

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,805.7 2,848.7 2,876.4 2,899.7 2,732.7 2,801.4 2,810.1 2,824.1 14.0

Manufacturing

13,001 13,016 13,012 12,982 12,941 12,945 12,951 12,927 -24

Durable goods

8,147 8,173 8,154 8,132 8,116 8,125 8,130 8,105 -25

Wood product manufacturing

419.8 419.0 419.5 416.9 417.3 417.1 416.5 415.8 -0.7

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

425.0 428.2 428.7 429.5 419.6 422.1 423.6 423.3 -0.3

Primary metal manufacturing

377.8 375.1 373.9 373.7 377.1 373.1 372.7 372.7 0.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

1,456.5 1,468.6 1,467.7 1,464.1 1,455.5 1,459.6 1,461.5 1,460.5 -1.0

Machinery manufacturing

1,143.4 1,140.3 1,137.6 1,131.2 1,139.6 1,131.1 1,129.9 1,127.5 -2.4

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

1,115.0 1,106.0 1,109.0 1,101.7 1,108.3 1,100.1 1,099.6 1,097.1 -2.5

Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing

163.8 159.8 160.6 160.2 163.1 159.8 159.6 159.2 -0.4

Communications equipment manufacturing

86.4 86.2 85.9 84.9 86.4 85.3 85.1 84.8 -0.3

Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing

395.4 394.7 395.7 392.9 392.4 391.7 391.6 391.3 -0.3

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

437.7 434.1 435.5 432.2 435.4 432.4 432.5 430.9 -1.6

Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing

31.7 31.2 31.3 31.5 31.1 30.8 30.8 30.9 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

417.4 408.0 407.8 402.7 416.8 406.4 405.4 401.7 -3.7

Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)

1,805.8 1,859.8 1,847.0 1,854.0 1,799.6 1,854.1 1,862.0 1,850.0 -12.0

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

1,048.2 1,078.5 1,065.4 1,079.1 1,042.7 1,077.7 1,084.0 1,078.1 -5.9

Furniture and related product manufacturing

356.3 345.3 340.2 339.2 355.6 342.5 339.8 338.3 -1.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing

629.7 623.0 622.2 619.2 626.3 619.2 618.5 617.9 -0.6

Nondurable goods

4,854 4,843 4,858 4,850 4,825 4,820 4,821 4,822 1

Food manufacturing

1,734.1 1,738.9 1,750.7 1,755.3 1,720.5 1,738.3 1,739.6 1,743.9 4.3

Textile mills

90.4 89.7 90.4 89.5 90.1 89.3 89.8 88.8 -1.0

Textile product mills

98.0 95.3 94.6 93.8 98.3 95.6 94.6 93.2 -1.4

Apparel manufacturing

89.6 84.5 84.3 84.0 89.4 83.8 84.0 84.2 0.2

Paper manufacturing

352.3 348.2 350.3 350.1 353.5 348.4 350.2 350.6 0.4

Printing and related support activities

368.3 362.0 361.0 358.8 367.8 361.1 360.0 358.4 -1.6

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

110.6 111.7 110.7 111.8 108.2 109.0 108.3 108.8 0.5

Chemical manufacturing

901.7 904.5 908.1 901.8 900.4 900.5 902.0 900.5 -1.5

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

735.8 729.8 726.1 724.3 733.8 724.9 723.6 723.6 0.0

Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing

373.4 378.5 381.4 380.2 363.2 368.7 369.1 369.8 0.7

Private service-providing

112,410 114,141 114,140 114,071 111,931 113,436 113,490 113,598 108

Trade, transportation, and utilities

28,712 29,017 28,974 28,924 28,840 29,036 29,045 29,047 2

Wholesale trade

6,137.5 6,200.6 6,210.2 6,201.8 6,121.6 6,169.8 6,177.1 6,182.0 4.9

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods

3,403.5 3,456.1 3,464.1 3,458.6 3,397.2 3,442.1 3,447.4 3,448.7 1.3

Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods

2,215.3 2,232.7 2,231.4 2,228.6 2,207.7 2,215.2 2,216.9 2,220.3 3.4

Wholesale trade agents and brokers

518.7 511.8 514.7 514.6 516.7 512.5 512.8 513.0 0.2

Retail trade

15,561.9 15,683.3 15,678.5 15,619.4 15,593.8 15,664.9 15,661.5 15,650.4 -11.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers

2,061.1 2,085.9 2,090.0 2,089.4 2,048.0 2,073.5 2,077.9 2,080.4 2.5

Automobile dealers

1,280.3 1,307.4 1,310.0 1,310.7 1,276.6 1,304.5 1,308.2 1,308.6 0.4

Other motor vehicle dealers

185.5 176.3 176.4 171.3 178.6 167.4 167.3 165.7 -1.6

Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers

595.3 602.2 603.6 607.4 592.8 601.6 602.4 606.2 3.8

Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers

1,406.1 1,434.2 1,404.5 1,377.8 1,401.5 1,381.7 1,376.6 1,374.6 -2.0

Food and beverage retailers

3,248.3 3,269.0 3,274.3 3,264.4 3,239.6 3,262.0 3,258.4 3,260.3 1.9

Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers

829.2 801.5 800.7 807.1 841.0 814.3 814.9 816.4 1.5

Furniture and home furnishings retailers

422.4 413.3 410.9 412.4 430.4 418.1 418.4 418.4 0.0

Electronics and appliance retailers

406.8 388.2 389.8 394.7 410.6 396.2 396.5 397.9 1.4

General merchandise retailers

3,185.0 3,248.1 3,262.6 3,253.7 3,237.1 3,282.1 3,289.2 3,287.0 -2.2

Department stores

939.7 946.4 954.7 949.0 964.0 969.4 969.7 964.5 -5.2

Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers

2,245.3 2,301.7 2,307.9 2,304.7 2,273.1 2,312.7 2,319.5 2,322.4 2.9

Health and personal care retailers

1,081.6 1,088.7 1,078.8 1,073.3 1,096.7 1,097.2 1,092.8 1,086.2 -6.6

Gasoline stations and fuel dealers

1,075.5 1,092.2 1,092.0 1,089.3 1,062.2 1,080.0 1,079.9 1,080.1 0.2

Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers

1,142.2 1,122.5 1,125.4 1,121.0 1,139.8 1,134.8 1,131.5 1,126.0 -5.5

Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers

1,532.9 1,541.2 1,550.2 1,543.4 1,527.9 1,539.3 1,540.3 1,539.4 -0.9

Transportation and warehousing

6,434.6 6,540.3 6,490.7 6,511.9 6,548.7 6,610.9 6,616.5 6,624.4 7.9

Air transportation

559.1 580.8 579.0 579.4 555.7 576.7 575.2 577.7 2.5

Rail transportation

153.0 151.6 150.8 150.8 153.0 151.9 151.2 151.2 0.0

Water transportation

73.4 78.6 78.5 76.8 70.9 75.8 75.0 73.7 -1.3

Truck transportation

1,560.9 1,558.9 1,560.6 1,562.4 1,543.1 1,546.9 1,544.9 1,543.5 -1.4

Transit and ground passenger transportation

372.3 431.7 379.0 382.6 431.4 442.4 437.2 441.7 4.5

Pipeline transportation

52.2 54.1 55.0 53.2 51.9 54.0 54.6 53.3 -1.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

37.3 41.7 43.9 44.6 29.7 35.6 36.1 36.7 0.6

Support activities for transportation

825.4 848.0 853.5 852.5 823.6 851.5 855.0 855.6 0.6

Couriers and messengers

1,028.8 1,041.7 1,032.5 1,044.6 1,091.4 1,095.5 1,099.4 1,099.2 -0.2

Warehousing and storage

1,772.2 1,753.2 1,757.9 1,765.0 1,798.0 1,780.6 1,787.9 1,791.8 3.9

Utilities

577.6 592.8 594.1 591.2 576.3 590.1 589.9 589.7 -0.2

Information

3,021 3,031 3,026 3,023 2,997 3,015 3,000 2,993 -7

Motion picture and sound recording industries

419.3 460.3 462.8 458.6 404.8 449.2 448.5 444.3 -4.2

Publishing industries

944.0 931.9 929.1 927.1 936.3 925.7 920.4 916.7 -3.7

Broadcasting and content providers

342.2 340.1 337.9 336.8 343.0 340.3 338.7 337.5 -1.2

Telecommunications

641.6 627.1 624.7 627.7 641.8 626.9 623.7 624.4 0.7

Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services

495.8 494.8 495.6 496.0 494.5 496.5 493.9 494.4 0.5

Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services

177.6 177.2 175.7 177.1 176.2 176.7 174.6 175.2 0.6

Financial activities

9,278 9,279 9,319 9,313 9,223 9,248 9,247 9,258 11

Finance and insurance

6,768.0 6,760.5 6,781.6 6,776.6 6,747.2 6,751.3 6,749.4 6,754.7 5.3

Monetary authorities-central bank

22.7 22.9 23.1 23.3 22.6 22.8 22.7 23.0 0.3

Credit intermediation and related
activities

2,639.4 2,589.2 2,590.3 2,587.1 2,630.3 2,584.5 2,580.4 2,582.2 1.8

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,806.6 1,779.1 1,779.2 1,776.4 1,800.6 1,774.0 1,770.8 1,770.5 -0.3

Commercial banking

1,398.4 1,366.3 1,366.4 1,363.7 1,393.0 1,362.9 1,360.1 1,359.1 -1.0

Nondepository credit intermediation

537.6 526.4 530.2 529.4 535.9 526.1 527.9 528.5 0.6

Activities related to credit intermediation

295.2 283.7 280.9 281.3 293.8 284.4 281.8 283.1 1.3

Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities

1,117.3 1,123.5 1,134.2 1,130.9 1,107.6 1,121.4 1,120.4 1,120.3 -0.1

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,988.6 3,024.9 3,034.0 3,035.3 2,986.7 3,022.6 3,025.9 3,029.2 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,510.2 2,518.7 2,537.0 2,535.9 2,476.1 2,496.5 2,497.5 2,503.6 6.1

Real estate

1,874.0 1,892.3 1,907.9 1,906.9 1,859.2 1,885.0 1,889.2 1,892.7 3.5

Rental and leasing services

613.0 602.7 605.3 605.2 594.0 588.2 584.8 587.4 2.6

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)

23.2 23.7 23.8 23.8 22.9 23.3 23.5 23.5 0.0

Professional and business services

22,980 23,071 23,047 23,068 22,865 22,980 22,967 22,975 8

Professional, scientific, and technical services

10,870.2 11,035.7 11,074.0 11,039.1 10,861.9 11,028.5 11,026.0 11,039.4 13.4

Legal services

1,180.3 1,194.5 1,192.5 1,175.9 1,182.8 1,183.7 1,182.2 1,179.9 -2.3

Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services

1,107.8 1,142.3 1,136.7 1,123.3 1,152.3 1,173.7 1,168.7 1,170.2 1.5

Architectural, engineering, and related services

1,690.8 1,726.7 1,738.2 1,735.3 1,668.7 1,705.5 1,709.0 1,709.8 0.8

Specialized design services

154.7 151.7 152.9 153.4 154.2 151.8 152.6 153.3 0.7

Computer systems design and related services

2,520.4 2,539.9 2,560.5 2,559.7 2,507.6 2,546.0 2,548.4 2,551.8 3.4

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services

1,877.1 1,902.7 1,908.5 1,899.4 1,875.5 1,901.6 1,903.1 1,901.7 -1.4

Scientific research and development services

952.1 966.2 971.7 971.7 940.7 958.0 956.9 961.1 4.2

Advertising, public relations, and related services

511.0 525.2 524.4 521.6 509.2 522.3 521.7 520.5 -1.2

Other professional, scientific, and technical services

876.0 886.5 888.6 898.8 870.7 886.0 883.5 891.2 7.7

Management of companies and enterprises

2,575.2 2,572.6 2,579.3 2,566.7 2,566.4 2,559.1 2,562.1 2,555.2 -6.9

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

9,534.1 9,462.7 9,393.7 9,461.7 9,436.8 9,391.9 9,379.0 9,379.9 0.9

Administrative and support services

9,025.1 8,936.7 8,867.8 8,934.9 8,934.7 8,871.4 8,859.3 8,859.2 -0.1

Office administrative services

624.2 632.3 636.7 635.0 619.7 632.2 632.8 632.7 -0.1

Facilities support services

173.3 182.6 184.1 184.4 170.7 181.5 182.3 182.1 -0.2

Employment services(1)

3,584.2 3,442.1 3,365.4 3,437.3 3,612.3 3,495.6 3,480.3 3,479.5 -0.8

Temporary help services

2,816.0 2,667.5 2,590.1 2,651.4 2,843.6 2,715.6 2,697.5 2,694.6 -2.9

Business support services

734.3 694.5 688.1 689.0 740.3 703.0 698.2 695.0 -3.2

Travel arrangement and reservation services

194.3 194.7 196.5 198.7 191.8 193.3 194.7 196.3 1.6

Investigation and security services

1,004.5 1,021.6 1,021.7 1,026.7 1,002.6 1,022.2 1,023.2 1,023.8 0.6

Services to buildings and dwellings

2,370.3 2,420.5 2,428.1 2,416.6 2,260.5 2,300.2 2,302.5 2,304.7 2.2

Other support services

340.0 348.4 347.2 347.2 336.8 343.4 345.4 345.1 -0.3

Waste management and remediation services

509.0 526.0 525.9 526.8 502.1 520.5 519.7 520.7 1.0

Private education and health services

25,218 26,143 26,095 26,190 25,479 26,336 26,391 26,438 47

Private educational services

3,567.4 3,678.9 3,576.9 3,607.9 3,826.6 3,865.9 3,862.0 3,864.7 2.7

Health care and social assistance

21,650.2 22,463.6 22,518.4 22,581.7 21,652.6 22,470.5 22,529.3 22,573.4 44.1

Health care(3)

17,056.0 17,636.9 17,708.5 17,752.0 17,045.9 17,649.8 17,701.0 17,731.9 30.9

Ambulatory health care services

8,501.3 8,797.4 8,825.9 8,861.3 8,505.6 8,808.8 8,835.4 8,859.3 23.9

Offices of physicians

2,932.7 3,031.3 3,035.0 3,042.7 2,936.7 3,036.4 3,038.4 3,045.5 7.1

Offices of dentists

1,033.9 1,043.7 1,045.1 1,045.5 1,029.5 1,041.5 1,041.8 1,040.8 -1.0

Offices of other health practitioners

1,163.5 1,205.0 1,208.5 1,221.2 1,162.6 1,210.2 1,212.1 1,220.2 8.1

Outpatient care centers

1,059.2 1,086.8 1,089.8 1,091.7 1,061.2 1,089.6 1,091.4 1,093.1 1.7

Medical and diagnostic laboratories

322.4 317.3 317.4 317.9 322.0 318.4 318.6 318.7 0.1

Home health care services

1,638.4 1,757.4 1,775.1 1,782.6 1,641.7 1,755.7 1,775.4 1,780.9 5.5

Other ambulatory health care services

351.2 355.9 355.0 359.7 351.9 357.0 357.7 360.1 2.4

Hospitals

5,364.5 5,550.0 5,577.1 5,585.8 5,360.3 5,558.3 5,574.5 5,584.1 9.6

Nursing and residential care facilities

3,190.2 3,289.5 3,305.5 3,304.9 3,180.0 3,282.7 3,291.1 3,288.5 -2.6

Skilled nursing care facilities

1,434.6 1,468.5 1,479.4 1,477.4 1,429.6 1,467.2 1,471.6 1,468.0 -3.6

Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities

642.4 672.7 675.6 674.9 640.7 670.4 672.8 672.6 -0.2

Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly

956.0 980.4 983.3 988.0 953.3 978.3 981.0 984.3 3.3

Other residential care facilities

157.2 167.9 167.2 164.6 156.4 166.8 165.7 163.7 -2.0

Social assistance

4,594.2 4,826.7 4,809.9 4,829.7 4,606.7 4,820.7 4,828.3 4,841.5 13.2

Individual and family services

3,063.0 3,245.7 3,258.0 3,273.2 3,061.9 3,242.6 3,248.2 3,266.4 18.2

Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services

220.4 232.4 233.0 232.0 221.9 231.7 233.1 232.9 -0.2

Vocational rehabilitation services

283.1 292.3 295.4 290.8 280.8 289.7 291.7 289.5 -2.2

Child care services

1,027.7 1,056.3 1,023.5 1,033.7 1,042.1 1,056.7 1,055.2 1,052.7 -2.5

Leisure and hospitality

17,306 17,611 17,691 17,594 16,681 16,906 16,930 16,976 46

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2,807.7 2,937.3 3,001.2 2,927.3 2,549.5 2,660.0 2,667.7 2,680.0 12.3

Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries

612.8 661.7 662.2 669.0 588.2 629.1 635.5 645.8 10.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

183.3 191.0 193.8 187.7 173.7 178.3 178.0 177.9 -0.1

Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries

2,011.6 2,084.6 2,145.2 2,070.6 1,787.6 1,852.6 1,854.2 1,856.3 2.1

Accommodation and food services

14,498.3 14,673.6 14,689.7 14,666.6 14,131.4 14,245.6 14,262.3 14,295.8 33.5

Accommodation

2,024.6 2,035.9 2,072.3 2,045.6 1,897.5 1,912.2 1,914.5 1,918.1 3.6

Food services and drinking places

12,473.7 12,637.7 12,617.4 12,621.0 12,233.9 12,333.4 12,347.8 12,377.7 29.9

Other services

5,895 5,989 5,988 5,959 5,846 5,915 5,910 5,911 1

Repair and maintenance

1,467.5 1,493.6 1,486.0 1,483.2 1,459.8 1,481.4 1,475.6 1,478.1 2.5

Personal and laundry services

1,546.9 1,569.3 1,572.7 1,570.8 1,543.0 1,555.0 1,561.7 1,563.7 2.0

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations

2,880.3 2,925.7 2,929.5 2,904.9 2,842.9 2,878.5 2,872.7 2,869.1 -3.6

Government

22,029 23,134 22,131 22,456 22,853 23,300 23,315 23,339 24

Federal

2,946 2,996 3,010 3,006 2,939 2,996 2,996 2,997 1

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,344.4 2,391.6 2,401.4 2,405.2 2,332.4 2,388.3 2,389.6 2,391.1 1.5

U.S. Postal Service

601.4 603.9 608.4 601.1 606.9 607.4 606.6 605.7 -0.9

State government

5,069 5,186 5,108 5,184 5,329 5,436 5,446 5,447 1

State government education

2,312.9 2,357.2 2,268.5 2,338.2 2,586.3 2,624.7 2,624.5 2,621.3 -3.2

State government, excluding education

2,755.9 2,828.5 2,839.3 2,846.1 2,742.5 2,811.1 2,821.5 2,826.0 4.5

Local government

14,014 14,952 14,013 14,266 14,585 14,868 14,873 14,895 22

Local government education

7,231.6 7,981.4 6,992.1 7,292.9 7,989.1 8,070.4 8,090.7 8,095.9 5.2

Local government, excluding education

6,782.2 6,970.8 7,020.8 6,972.7 6,596.0 6,797.5 6,782.5 6,799.2 16.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.4 34.3 34.2 34.3

Goods-producing

39.9 40.0 39.7 39.8

Mining and logging

45.3 44.5 44.2 44.6

Construction

39.1 39.3 38.9 39.0

Manufacturing

40.1 40.2 39.9 40.0

Durable goods

40.7 40.6 40.3 40.5

Nondurable goods

39.1 39.5 39.3 39.2

Private service-providing

33.3 33.2 33.2 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

33.9 33.8 33.9 33.9

Wholesale trade

38.8 39.0 39.2 39.4

Retail trade

29.9 29.6 29.7 29.7

Transportation and warehousing

38.3 38.1 38.0 38.0

Utilities

41.9 42.2 42.0 42.4

Information

36.5 36.5 36.6 36.6

Financial activities

37.4 37.5 37.3 37.5

Professional and business services

36.5 36.4 36.5 36.5

Private education and health services

33.4 33.1 33.0 33.1

Leisure and hospitality

25.3 25.3 25.3 25.2

Other services

32.2 32.3 32.3 32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0

Durable goods

3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0

Nondurable goods

2.7 2.9 3.0 2.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)

Total private

$33.91 $34.99 $35.07 $35.21 $1,166.50 $1,200.16 $1,199.39 $1,207.70

Goods-producing

34.33 35.73 35.83 35.95 1,369.77 1,429.20 1,422.45 1,430.81

Mining and logging

38.26 39.80 39.66 39.71 1,733.18 1,771.10 1,752.97 1,771.07

Construction

36.76 38.11 38.25 38.36 1,437.32 1,497.72 1,487.93 1,496.04

Manufacturing

32.63 34.04 34.12 34.24 1,308.46 1,368.41 1,361.39 1,369.60

Durable goods

34.17 36.04 36.13 36.21 1,390.72 1,463.22 1,456.04 1,466.51

Nondurable goods

29.95 30.56 30.64 30.83 1,171.05 1,207.12 1,204.15 1,208.54

Private service-providing

33.82 34.81 34.89 35.04 1,126.21 1,155.69 1,158.35 1,163.33

Trade, transportation, and utilities

29.21 29.93 29.95 30.09 990.22 1,011.63 1,015.31 1,020.05

Wholesale trade

37.00 37.68 37.70 37.71 1,435.60 1,469.52 1,477.84 1,485.77

Retail trade

24.02 24.42 24.40 24.57 718.20 722.83 724.68 729.73

Transportation and warehousing

29.49 30.62 30.67 30.79 1,129.47 1,166.62 1,165.46 1,170.02

Utilities

49.96 50.78 51.08 51.57 2,093.32 2,142.92 2,145.36 2,186.57

Information

48.44 49.57 49.78 50.24 1,768.06 1,809.31 1,821.95 1,838.78

Financial activities

43.89 45.45 45.60 45.89 1,641.49 1,704.38 1,700.88 1,720.88

Professional and business services

40.69 42.15 42.27 42.44 1,485.19 1,534.26 1,542.86 1,549.06

Private education and health services

33.32 34.18 34.26 34.34 1,112.89 1,131.36 1,130.58 1,136.65

Leisure and hospitality

21.33 22.06 22.13 22.18 539.65 558.12 559.89 558.94

Other services

30.61 31.39 31.59 31.72 985.64 1,013.90 1,020.36 1,021.38

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)
Percent change from:
July
2024 - Aug.
2024(p)
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)
Percent change from:
July
2024 - Aug.
2024(p)

Total private

115.3 116.5 116.2 116.6 0.3 187.0 194.8 194.8 196.3 0.8

Goods-producing

98.4 99.4 98.7 99.0 0.3 152.6 160.5 159.9 160.9 0.6

Mining and logging

91.7 88.7 88.2 89.0 0.9 140.8 141.7 140.4 141.9 1.1

Construction

108.5 111.5 110.6 111.3 0.6 173.3 184.7 183.8 185.5 0.9

Manufacturing

93.4 93.6 93.0 93.0 0.0 141.7 148.2 147.5 148.1 0.4

Durable goods

93.0 92.9 92.2 92.4 0.2 141.1 148.7 148.0 148.6 0.4

Nondurable goods

94.2 95.0 94.6 94.3 -0.3 143.1 147.4 147.0 147.6 0.4

Private service-providing

120.0 121.2 121.3 121.4 0.1 197.3 205.2 205.7 206.8 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

106.8 107.2 107.6 107.6 0.0 168.3 173.1 173.8 174.6 0.5

Wholesale trade

104.8 106.1 106.8 107.4 0.6 162.2 167.3 168.4 169.5 0.7

Retail trade

94.9 94.4 94.7 94.6 -0.1 150.7 152.4 152.7 153.7 0.7

Transportation and warehousing

144.1 144.7 144.5 144.6 0.1 216.2 225.4 225.4 226.6 0.5

Utilities

104.5 107.7 107.2 108.2 0.9 172.5 180.8 180.9 184.3 1.9

Information

99.9 100.5 100.3 100.1 -0.2 172.3 177.4 177.8 179.0 0.7

Financial activities

113.0 113.6 113.0 113.7 0.6 193.4 201.4 201.0 203.6 1.3

Professional and business services

130.6 130.9 131.1 131.2 0.1 215.2 223.4 224.6 225.5 0.4

Private education and health services

139.0 142.3 142.2 142.9 0.5 222.7 234.1 234.4 236.1 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

120.4 122.0 122.2 122.1 -0.1 207.2 217.2 218.2 218.4 0.1

Other services

108.5 110.2 110.1 109.7 -0.4 182.1 189.5 190.6 190.8 0.1

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)

Total nonfarm

77,933 78,965 79,040 79,094 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private

64,609 65,369 65,411 65,464 48.4 48.3 48.3 48.3

Goods-producing

4,985 5,012 5,014 5,011 23.0 23.0 23.0 22.9

Mining and logging

84 87 86 86 13.0 13.7 13.5 13.5

Construction

1,144 1,175 1,178 1,180 14.2 14.3 14.3 14.3

Manufacturing

3,757 3,750 3,750 3,745 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0

Durable goods

2,022 2,010 2,006 2,004 24.9 24.7 24.7 24.7

Nondurable goods

1,735 1,740 1,744 1,741 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.1

Private service-providing

59,624 60,357 60,397 60,453 53.3 53.2 53.2 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

11,296 11,288 11,302 11,293 39.2 38.9 38.9 38.9

Wholesale trade

1,879.5 1,869.7 1,879.2 1,881.3 30.7 30.3 30.4 30.4

Retail trade

7,516.8 7,520.7 7,522.7 7,515.5 48.2 48.0 48.0 48.0

Transportation and warehousing

1,747.8 1,742.8 1,745.0 1,741.3 26.7 26.4 26.4 26.3

Utilities

151.9 155.1 154.6 154.7 26.4 26.3 26.2 26.2

Information

1,224 1,202 1,195 1,197 40.8 39.9 39.8 40.0

Financial activities

5,120 5,143 5,138 5,141 55.5 55.6 55.6 55.5

Professional and business services

10,532 10,531 10,501 10,513 46.1 45.8 45.7 45.8

Private education and health services

19,594 20,240 20,268 20,310 76.9 76.9 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality

8,738 8,796 8,833 8,837 52.4 52.0 52.2 52.1

Other services

3,120 3,157 3,160 3,162 53.4 53.4 53.5 53.5

Government

13,324 13,596 13,629 13,630 58.3 58.4 58.5 58.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)

Total private

108,576 110,119 110,159 110,267

Goods-producing

15,478 15,538 15,542 15,558

Mining and logging

495 489 488 490

Construction

5,914 6,005 6,012 6,036

Manufacturing

9,069 9,044 9,042 9,032

Durable goods

5,593 5,544 5,537 5,526

Nondurable goods

3,476 3,500 3,505 3,506

Private service-providing

93,098 94,581 94,617 94,709

Trade, transportation, and utilities

24,298 24,530 24,561 24,570

Wholesale trade

4,833.7 4,872.7 4,883.9 4,893.0

Retail trade

13,289.6 13,418.6 13,427.7 13,422.2

Transportation and warehousing

5,717.1 5,769.4 5,780.5 5,786.2

Utilities

457.8 469.3 468.9 468.6

Information

2,400 2,414 2,407 2,391

Financial activities

6,906 6,970 6,970 6,982

Professional and business services

18,055 18,106 18,087 18,080

Private education and health services

22,147 22,979 23,035 23,092

Leisure and hospitality

14,525 14,771 14,756 14,797

Other services

4,767 4,811 4,801 4,797

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.8 33.7 33.7 33.7

Goods-producing

40.6 40.7 40.5 40.6

Mining and logging

47.8 47.0 46.6 46.7

Construction

39.8 40.1 39.7 39.8

Manufacturing

40.8 40.8 40.6 40.7

Durable goods

41.0 41.0 40.7 41.0

Nondurable goods

40.4 40.4 40.5 40.3

Private service-providing

32.7 32.6 32.5 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.0 33.9 33.9 34.0

Wholesale trade

38.8 39.0 39.1 39.3

Retail trade

30.4 30.2 30.2 30.2

Transportation and warehousing

37.6 37.6 37.5 37.5

Utilities

42.3 42.6 42.5 42.5

Information

36.1 35.6 35.5 35.5

Financial activities

37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services

36.3 36.4 36.4 36.4

Private education and health services

32.5 32.2 32.2 32.1

Leisure and hospitality

24.1 24.0 23.9 23.9

Other services

31.2 31.3 31.2 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7

Durable goods

3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7

Nondurable goods

3.5 3.7 3.8 3.6

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)

Total private

$29.09 $30.07 $30.16 $30.27 $983.24 $1,013.36 $1,016.39 $1,020.10

Goods-producing

29.76 31.06 31.20 31.26 1,208.26 1,264.14 1,263.60 1,269.16

Mining and logging

34.06 36.32 36.40 36.52 1,628.07 1,707.04 1,696.24 1,705.48

Construction

34.49 35.58 35.71 35.81 1,372.70 1,426.76 1,417.69 1,425.24

Manufacturing

26.48 27.79 27.94 27.96 1,080.38 1,133.83 1,134.36 1,137.97

Durable goods

27.59 29.28 29.51 29.48 1,131.19 1,200.48 1,201.06 1,208.68

Nondurable goods

24.66 25.38 25.46 25.51 996.26 1,025.35 1,031.13 1,028.05

Private service-providing

28.95 29.86 29.95 30.07 946.67 973.44 973.38 977.28

Trade, transportation, and utilities

25.39 26.02 26.02 26.14 863.26 882.08 882.08 888.76

Wholesale trade

30.51 31.26 31.26 31.28 1,183.79 1,219.14 1,222.27 1,229.30

Retail trade

20.60 20.93 20.92 21.04 626.24 632.09 631.78 635.41

Transportation and warehousing

28.20 29.17 29.21 29.36 1,060.32 1,096.79 1,095.38 1,101.00

Utilities

44.43 45.22 45.07 45.21 1,879.39 1,926.37 1,915.48 1,921.43

Information

39.86 40.78 40.70 40.73 1,438.95 1,451.77 1,444.85 1,445.92

Financial activities

34.01 35.74 35.82 35.94 1,258.37 1,322.38 1,325.34 1,329.78

Professional and business services

34.38 35.50 35.70 35.91 1,247.99 1,292.20 1,299.48 1,307.12

Private education and health services

30.37 31.35 31.45 31.57 987.03 1,009.47 1,012.69 1,013.40

Leisure and hospitality

18.92 19.53 19.60 19.66 455.97 468.72 468.44 469.87

Other services

26.43 27.12 27.27 27.36 824.62 848.86 850.82 856.37

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)
Percent change from:
July
2024 - Aug.
2024(p)
Aug.
2023
June
2024
July
2024(p)
Aug.
2024(p)
Percent change from:
July
2024 - Aug.
2024(p)

Total private

122.3 123.7 123.7 123.8 0.1 237.8 248.5 249.4 250.5 0.4

Goods-producing

96.0 96.6 96.2 96.5 0.3 175.0 183.8 183.8 184.8 0.5

Mining and logging

125.7 122.1 120.8 121.6 0.7 249.1 258.0 255.8 258.3 1.0

Construction

117.9 120.6 119.5 120.3 0.7 219.5 231.6 230.4 232.6 1.0

Manufacturing

84.9 84.7 84.3 84.4 0.1 147.1 153.9 154.0 154.3 0.2

Durable goods

86.1 85.4 84.7 85.1 0.5 148.4 156.1 156.0 156.6 0.4

Nondurable goods

82.7 83.3 83.6 83.2 -0.5 144.2 149.4 150.5 150.1 -0.3

Private service-providing

129.7 131.4 131.0 131.1 0.1 257.6 269.1 269.1 270.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

115.6 116.4 116.6 116.9 0.3 209.8 216.5 216.7 218.5 0.8

Wholesale trade

111.3 112.8 113.3 114.1 0.7 200.4 208.1 209.1 210.7 0.8

Retail trade

102.4 102.7 102.8 102.8 0.0 180.9 184.4 184.4 185.4 0.5

Transportation and warehousing

162.7 164.2 164.1 164.2 0.1 292.0 304.8 305.0 306.9 0.6

Utilities

99.0 102.2 101.9 101.9 0.0 183.7 193.0 191.7 192.2 0.3

Information

98.9 98.1