Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until                       USDL-26-1549
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 2, 2026

Technical information:
 Household data:      (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                            THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION - SEPTEMBER 2026


Both nonfarm payroll employment (+29,000) and the unemployment rate (4.2 percent) changed little in 
September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment in all major industries 
changed little over the month.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.2 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.1 million, 
changed little in September. The unemployment rate has remained in a narrow range of 4.1 percent to 
4.3 percent since March. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for people who are Black (7.0 percent)
increased in September. The jobless rates for adult men (3.9 percent), adult women (3.6 percent), 
teenagers (14.5 percent), and people who are White (3.6 percent), Asian (2.9 percent), or Hispanic 
(4.7 percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 
at 1.9 million in September. The long-term unemployed accounted for 27.1 percent of all unemployed 
people. (See table A-12.)

Both the labor force participation rate, at 61.8 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 
59.2 percent, changed little in September. These measures showed little net change since January. 
(See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons changed little at 4.5 million in 
September. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time 
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In September, the number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job changed little 
at 5.8 million. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively 
looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See 
table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached to 
the labor force decreased by 236,000 to 1.5 million in September. These individuals wanted and were 
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, changed little over the 
month at 414,000. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in September (+29,000), following an average 
monthly gain of 45,000 over the prior 12 months. Employment in all major industries changed little 
over the month. (See table B-1.)

Health care employment continued its upward trend in September (+17,000), but at a slower pace than 
the average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+33,000). In September, employment continued to 
trend up in ambulatory health care services (+13,000) and in hospitals (+12,000), while nursing and 
residential care facilities lost jobs (-9,000).

Employment in construction changed little in September (+11,000). The industry had added an average 
of 10,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. In September, employment in nonresidential 
specialty trade contractors continued to trend up (+12,000).

Manufacturing employment was little changed in September (+9,000) but is up by 72,000 since a 
recent low in December 2025. Over the month, employment increased in plastics and rubber products
manufacturing (+5,000) and in machinery manufacturing (+5,000).

In September, financial activities employment was little changed (-7,000). Employment in financial 
activities is down by 129,000 since a recent peak in May 2025, with most of the job loss in 
insurance carriers and related activities (-90,000).

Employment also showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and 
warehousing; information; professional and business services; social assistance; leisure and 
hospitality; other services; and government.

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 5 
cents, or 0.1 percent, to $37.81. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased 
by 3.0 percent. In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and 
nonsupervisory employees rose by 7 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $32.60. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 34.4 hours in 
September. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.6 hours, and overtime held at 
3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm 
payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised down by 31,000, from +21,000 to 
-10,000, and the change for August was revised down by 29,000, from +162,000 to +133,000. With 
these revisions, employment in July and August combined is 60,000 lower than previously reported. 
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies 
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for October 2026 is scheduled to be published on Friday, November 6, 2026, 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Change from: Aug. 2026- Sept. 2026
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	274,226	275,282	275,415	275,554	139
Civilian labor force	171,261	169,094	169,777	170,262	485
Participation rate	62.5	61.4	61.6	61.8	0.2
Employed	163,656	162,177	162,746	163,152	406
Employment-population ratio	59.7	58.9	59.1	59.2	0.1
Unemployed	7,605	6,916	7,031	7,109	78
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.2	0.1
Not in labor force	102,964	106,189	105,638	105,292	-346
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.2	0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.9	-0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.6	0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	13.3	12.1	14.1	14.5	0.4
White	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Black or African American	7.6	6.3	6.0	7.0	1.0
Asian	4.3	4.0	3.2	2.9	-0.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.5	4.6	4.8	4.7	-0.1
Total, 25 years and over	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Less than a high school diploma	6.8	5.4	4.7	4.3	-0.4
High school graduates, no college	4.2	4.0	4.4	4.4	0.0
Some college or associate degree	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.5	-0.2
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,524	3,309	3,245	3,200	-45
Job leavers	860	793	914	741	-173
Reentrants	2,336	2,123	2,137	2,289	152
New entrants	813	761	702	818	116
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,232	1,960	2,000	2,098	98
5 to 14 weeks	2,356	2,049	2,077	1,956	-121
15 to 26 weeks	1,286	1,157	1,147	1,189	42
27 weeks and over	1,815	1,771	1,930	1,944	14
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,594	4,804	4,390	4,501	111
Slack work or business conditions	3,129	3,019	2,815	2,896	81
Could only find part-time work	1,200	1,428	1,263	1,267	4
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,728	22,770	22,752	22,813	61
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,743	1,806	1,704	1,468	-236
Discouraged workers	555	476	441	414	-27
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	76	-10	133	29
Total private	68	28	89	46
Goods-producing	11	35	34	18
Mining and logging	-2	-3	3	-2
Construction	16	18	16	11
Manufacturing	-3	20	15	9
Durable goods(1)	-5	24	14	8
Motor vehicles and parts	-2.3	11.6	-7.3	1.6
Nondurable goods	2	-4	1	1
Private service-providing	57	-7	55	28
Wholesale trade	8.8	6.3	8.0	5.0
Retail trade	13.1	5.6	-5.1	5.8
Transportation and warehousing	-39.3	10.3	3.3	7.6
Utilities	0.0	1.1	2.1	0.5
Information	-1	4	-18	-10
Financial activities	4	-10	-9	-7
Professional and business services(1)	-16	-6	-5	-9
Temporary help services	-11.7	-10.0	0.2	-10.9
Private education and health services(1)	54	14	38	20
Health care and social assistance	55.3	13.3	35.1	23.0
Leisure and hospitality	37	-38	37	10
Other services	-3	6	3	6
Government	8	-38	44	-17
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	23	28	51	51
Total private	38	38	48	54
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	50.0	50.1	50.1	50.1
Total private women employees	48.5	48.6	48.7	48.7
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.5	81.6	81.6	81.6
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.2	34.3	34.4	34.4
Average hourly earnings	$36.70	$37.64	$37.76	$37.81
Average weekly earnings	$1,255.14	$1,291.05	$1,298.94	$1,300.66
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.9	116.7	117.2	117.2
Over-the-month percent change	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.0
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	203.4	210.1	211.5	211.9
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.1	0.7	0.2
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	50.4	54.4	57.6	49.0
Manufacturing (72 industries)	47.2	52.1	63.9	46.5
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 122,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 650,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 46 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year. More information on business births and deaths in the establishment
   survey is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbd.htm.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
   employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
   estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
   Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
   the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
   please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 119,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 622,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 26 percent of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernible. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 122,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-72,000 to +172,000 (50,000 +/- 122,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 425,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.3 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth-death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used in the ARIMA model is derived from the unemployment
insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. In addition to this
time series of actual residual net of births and deaths series, the
ARIMA-based component of the birth-death model includes current sample
information to inform the forecasts. More information on business births
and deaths in the establishment survey is available at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbd.htm.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. The absolute average benchmark revision for total nonfarm
employment over the prior 10 years is 0.2 percent. Over this time, revisions 
ranged from -0.4 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2025	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	May 2026	June 2026	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	274,226	275,415	275,554	274,226	275,054	275,166	275,282	275,415	275,554
Civilian labor force	171,217	170,048	170,298	171,261	170,078	169,358	169,094	169,777	170,262
Participation rate	62.4	61.7	61.8	62.5	61.8	61.5	61.4	61.6	61.8
Employed	163,894	162,667	163,439	163,656	162,771	162,264	162,177	162,746	163,152
Employment-population ratio	59.8	59.1	59.3	59.7	59.2	59.0	58.9	59.1	59.2
Unemployed	7,324	7,381	6,859	7,605	7,307	7,094	6,916	7,031	7,109
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.3	4.0	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.2
Not in labor force	103,009	105,367	105,256	102,964	104,976	105,808	106,189	105,638	105,292
People who currently want a job	5,792	5,884	5,631	5,943	6,187	6,045	5,920	5,747	5,790
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	133,760	132,876	132,938	133,760	132,714	132,763	132,816	132,876	132,938
Civilian labor force	90,615	89,604	89,356	90,685	89,138	88,690	88,739	89,259	89,363
Participation rate	67.7	67.4	67.2	67.8	67.2	66.8	66.8	67.2	67.2
Employed	86,849	85,734	85,728	86,652	85,172	84,854	84,978	85,337	85,495
Employment-population ratio	64.9	64.5	64.5	64.8	64.2	63.9	64.0	64.2	64.3
Unemployed	3,766	3,870	3,627	4,033	3,966	3,836	3,761	3,922	3,867
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.3
Not in labor force	43,144	43,272	43,582	43,075	43,576	44,073	44,077	43,617	43,575
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	124,684	123,959	124,034	124,684	123,760	123,822	123,887	123,959	124,034
Civilian labor force	87,553	86,126	86,219	87,491	85,982	85,690	85,690	86,028	86,109
Participation rate	70.2	69.5	69.5	70.2	69.5	69.2	69.2	69.4	69.4
Employed	84,252	82,744	83,054	83,945	82,539	82,333	82,352	82,585	82,725
Employment-population ratio	67.6	66.8	67.0	67.3	66.7	66.5	66.5	66.6	66.7
Unemployed	3,301	3,381	3,165	3,546	3,443	3,356	3,338	3,444	3,384
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.9	3.7	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.9
Not in labor force	37,131	37,834	37,814	37,193	37,778	38,133	38,198	37,931	37,925
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	140,466	142,540	142,616	140,466	142,340	142,403	142,467	142,540	142,616
Civilian labor force	80,602	80,444	80,942	80,577	80,940	80,668	80,354	80,518	80,899
Participation rate	57.4	56.4	56.8	57.4	56.9	56.6	56.4	56.5	56.7
Employed	77,045	76,933	77,710	77,004	77,599	77,410	77,199	77,409	77,657
Employment-population ratio	54.8	54.0	54.5	54.8	54.5	54.4	54.2	54.3	54.5
Unemployed	3,557	3,511	3,232	3,572	3,341	3,258	3,155	3,109	3,242
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.4	4.0	4.4	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0
Not in labor force	59,864	62,096	61,674	59,889	61,400	61,735	62,112	62,021	61,716
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	131,717	133,948	134,034	131,717	133,715	133,789	133,864	133,948	134,034
Civilian labor force	77,476	77,251	77,848	77,303	77,827	77,448	77,283	77,495	77,677
Participation rate	58.8	57.7	58.1	58.7	58.2	57.9	57.7	57.9	58.0
Employed	74,278	74,178	75,067	74,102	74,882	74,618	74,445	74,788	74,892
Employment-population ratio	56.4	55.4	56.0	56.3	56.0	55.8	55.6	55.8	55.9
Unemployed	3,198	3,072	2,781	3,201	2,945	2,830	2,838	2,708	2,785
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.0	3.6	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.6
Not in labor force	54,241	56,697	56,186	54,414	55,889	56,341	56,581	56,452	56,357
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,824	17,508	17,486	17,824	17,579	17,555	17,531	17,508	17,486
Civilian labor force	6,188	6,672	6,230	6,467	6,269	6,221	6,121	6,254	6,476
Participation rate	34.7	38.1	35.6	36.3	35.7	35.4	34.9	35.7	37.0
Employed	5,363	5,744	5,317	5,609	5,350	5,313	5,380	5,373	5,535
Employment-population ratio	30.1	32.8	30.4	31.5	30.4	30.3	30.7	30.7	31.7
Unemployed	825	927	913	858	919	907	740	880	941
Unemployment rate	13.3	13.9	14.7	13.3	14.7	14.6	12.1	14.1	14.5
Not in labor force	11,636	10,837	11,256	11,357	11,309	11,334	11,410	11,255	11,010
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2025	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	May 2026	June 2026	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	207,788	202,572	202,619	207,788	202,468	202,497	202,529	202,572	202,619
Civilian labor force	128,595	123,619	123,650	128,560	123,868	122,956	123,005	123,432	123,561
Participation rate	61.9	61.0	61.0	61.9	61.2	60.7	60.7	60.9	61.0
Employed	123,958	118,773	119,404	123,739	119,133	118,472	118,574	118,826	119,143
Employment-population ratio	59.7	58.6	58.9	59.6	58.8	58.5	58.5	58.7	58.8
Unemployed	4,637	4,846	4,246	4,821	4,735	4,484	4,431	4,606	4,418
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.9	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6
Not in labor force	79,193	78,953	78,969	79,228	78,600	79,541	79,524	79,140	79,058
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,806	63,594	63,821	66,725	63,656	63,087	63,270	63,524	63,702
Participation rate	69.6	68.6	68.8	69.5	68.7	68.1	68.3	68.5	68.7
Employed	64,628	61,301	61,723	64,369	61,344	60,881	61,085	61,192	61,440
Employment-population ratio	67.4	66.1	66.6	67.1	66.2	65.7	65.9	66.0	66.3
Unemployed	2,178	2,293	2,098	2,356	2,312	2,206	2,185	2,333	2,261
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	57,165	55,143	55,449	57,003	55,649	55,346	55,246	55,344	55,296
Participation rate	57.7	56.3	56.6	57.5	56.8	56.5	56.4	56.5	56.4
Employed	55,237	53,214	53,840	55,082	53,776	53,622	53,503	53,667	53,693
Employment-population ratio	55.8	54.3	54.9	55.6	54.9	54.8	54.6	54.8	54.8
Unemployed	1,928	1,929	1,609	1,921	1,873	1,724	1,743	1,677	1,603
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.5	2.9	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.0	2.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,624	4,882	4,380	4,831	4,563	4,523	4,489	4,564	4,563
Participation rate	36.2	41.0	36.8	37.8	38.1	37.9	37.6	38.3	38.4
Employed	4,093	4,258	3,841	4,288	4,012	3,968	3,986	3,968	4,009
Employment-population ratio	32.1	35.8	32.3	33.6	33.5	33.2	33.4	33.3	33.7
Unemployed	531	624	539	543	551	554	503	596	553
Unemployment rate	11.5	12.8	12.3	11.2	12.1	12.3	11.2	13.1	12.1
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	35,892	35,526	35,553	35,892	35,455	35,477	35,500	35,526	35,553
Civilian labor force	22,510	21,910	22,140	22,598	21,996	21,957	21,753	21,872	22,212
Participation rate	62.7	61.7	62.3	63.0	62.0	61.9	61.3	61.6	62.5
Employed	20,868	20,513	20,627	20,892	20,543	20,514	20,391	20,550	20,660
Employment-population ratio	58.1	57.7	58.0	58.2	57.9	57.8	57.4	57.8	58.1
Unemployed	1,642	1,397	1,513	1,706	1,453	1,443	1,361	1,321	1,552
Unemployment rate	7.3	6.4	6.8	7.6	6.6	6.6	6.3	6.0	7.0
Not in labor force	13,382	13,616	13,413	13,294	13,459	13,520	13,747	13,654	13,341
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,594	10,237	10,183	10,594	10,093	10,116	10,082	10,203	10,175
Participation rate	69.4	68.6	68.1	69.4	67.8	67.9	67.6	68.3	68.1
Employed	9,928	9,676	9,602	9,889	9,445	9,532	9,462	9,631	9,563
Employment-population ratio	65.0	64.8	64.2	64.8	63.4	63.9	63.4	64.5	64.0
Unemployed	667	562	580	705	648	584	620	572	612
Unemployment rate	6.3	5.5	5.7	6.7	6.4	5.8	6.2	5.6	6.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,071	10,843	11,093	11,106	11,116	10,982	10,859	10,874	11,116
Participation rate	61.7	60.5	61.8	61.9	62.1	61.3	60.6	60.6	61.9
Employed	10,252	10,150	10,328	10,275	10,499	10,353	10,270	10,264	10,359
Employment-population ratio	57.1	56.6	57.5	57.3	58.7	57.8	57.3	57.2	57.7
Unemployed	819	693	766	831	617	629	589	610	757
Unemployment rate	7.4	6.4	6.9	7.5	5.6	5.7	5.4	5.6	6.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	845	830	864	898	786	859	812	795	921
Participation rate	31.5	31.2	32.6	33.5	29.5	32.3	30.5	29.9	34.7
Employed	689	687	697	728	598	629	660	656	738
Employment-population ratio	25.7	25.9	26.3	27.1	22.5	23.6	24.8	24.7	27.8
Unemployed	156	142	167	170	188	230	153	139	183
Unemployment rate	18.5	17.1	19.3	18.9	23.9	26.8	18.8	17.5	19.9
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	19,519	20,710	21,022	19,519	20,939	20,811	20,627	20,710	21,022
Civilian labor force	12,756	13,510	13,787	12,751	13,698	13,729	13,407	13,457	13,779
Participation rate	65.4	65.2	65.6	65.3	65.4	66.0	65.0	65.0	65.5
Employed	12,197	13,058	13,392	12,197	13,182	13,194	12,875	13,021	13,382
Employment-population ratio	62.5	63.1	63.7	62.5	63.0	63.4	62.4	62.9	63.7
Unemployed	559	452	395	553	516	535	532	436	397
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.3	2.9	4.3	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.2	2.9
Not in labor force	6,763	7,199	7,235	6,769	7,241	7,082	7,220	7,253	7,243
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2025	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	May 2026	June 2026	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	51,746	52,991	53,060	51,746	52,799	52,861	52,923	52,991	53,060
Civilian labor force	34,800	35,688	36,117	34,839	35,475	34,911	35,165	35,704	36,120
Participation rate	67.3	67.3	68.1	67.3	67.2	66.0	66.4	67.4	68.1
Employed	32,964	33,906	34,483	32,928	33,697	33,085	33,548	33,987	34,416
Employment-population ratio	63.7	64.0	65.0	63.6	63.8	62.6	63.4	64.1	64.9
Unemployed	1,837	1,782	1,634	1,912	1,778	1,825	1,617	1,717	1,705
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.0	4.5	5.5	5.0	5.2	4.6	4.8	4.7
Not in labor force	16,946	17,303	16,943	16,907	17,324	17,950	17,758	17,287	16,940
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	18,554	18,542	18,844	18,586	18,407	18,191	18,425	18,501	18,836
Participation rate	79.0	78.7	79.9	79.2	78.5	77.5	78.3	78.5	79.9
Employed	17,779	17,771	18,115	17,731	17,688	17,444	17,635	17,743	18,036
Employment-population ratio	75.7	75.4	76.8	75.5	75.4	74.3	75.0	75.3	76.5
Unemployed	775	771	729	855	720	747	790	758	800
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.2	3.9	4.6	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.1	4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	14,723	15,609	15,672	14,685	15,514	15,159	15,318	15,696	15,642
Participation rate	62.7	63.3	63.4	62.5	63.2	61.6	62.2	63.6	63.3
Employed	13,906	14,903	15,064	13,875	14,721	14,395	14,630	15,017	15,036
Employment-population ratio	59.2	60.4	61.0	59.1	60.0	58.5	59.4	60.9	60.9
Unemployed	817	707	607	810	793	764	688	679	606
Unemployment rate	5.5	4.5	3.9	5.5	5.1	5.0	4.5	4.3	3.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,524	1,537	1,602	1,569	1,554	1,560	1,423	1,507	1,642
Participation rate	31.9	32.2	33.6	32.8	32.4	32.6	29.8	31.6	34.5
Employed	1,280	1,233	1,304	1,322	1,288	1,247	1,284	1,227	1,343
Employment-population ratio	26.8	25.8	27.4	27.7	26.9	26.1	26.9	25.7	28.2
Unemployed	244	304	298	247	265	314	139	280	298
Unemployment rate	16.0	19.8	18.6	15.8	17.1	20.1	9.8	18.6	18.2
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2025	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	May 2026	June 2026	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,968	7,841	8,134	8,872	8,267	8,314	8,126	7,885	8,041
Participation rate	48.1	44.5	44.8	47.6	44.0	43.1	45.5	44.7	44.3
Employed	8,435	7,522	7,857	8,272	7,768	7,856	7,688	7,513	7,693
Employment-population ratio	45.2	42.7	43.3	44.4	41.3	40.7	43.1	42.6	42.4
Unemployed	533	319	277	600	499	458	439	371	349
Unemployment rate	5.9	4.1	3.4	6.8	6.0	5.5	5.4	4.7	4.3
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,326	36,358	36,271	36,205	36,786	36,935	36,862	36,176	36,157
Participation rate	56.8	56.4	56.1	56.6	56.8	56.7	56.6	56.1	55.9
Employed	34,883	34,770	34,788	34,681	35,150	35,390	35,377	34,573	34,583
Employment-population ratio	54.6	53.9	53.8	54.2	54.3	54.4	54.3	53.6	53.5
Unemployed	1,443	1,588	1,484	1,523	1,637	1,546	1,484	1,603	1,574
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.4	4.4
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,711	35,703	35,749	36,540	35,893	35,425	35,934	36,059	35,607
Participation rate	63.1	61.2	61.8	62.8	62.0	61.4	61.4	61.8	61.5
Employed	35,493	34,320	34,500	35,283	34,593	34,160	34,632	34,740	34,321
Employment-population ratio	61.0	58.9	59.6	60.6	59.7	59.2	59.2	59.6	59.3
Unemployed	1,219	1,383	1,249	1,257	1,299	1,266	1,302	1,319	1,286
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.9	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	67,553	67,663	68,255	67,469	67,291	66,926	66,602	67,805	68,114
Participation rate	72.1	71.0	71.6	72.0	71.7	71.7	70.7	71.1	71.5
Employed	65,675	65,653	66,592	65,548	65,479	65,144	64,779	65,997	66,392
Employment-population ratio	70.1	68.8	69.9	70.0	69.7	69.8	68.8	69.2	69.7
Unemployed	1,878	2,010	1,664	1,920	1,813	1,782	1,823	1,807	1,722
Unemployment rate	2.8	3.0	2.4	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,185	16,860	15,105	14,769	2,080	2,091
Civilian labor force	8,424	8,143	7,200	6,998	1,224	1,145
Participation rate	49.0	48.3	47.7	47.4	58.8	54.8
Employed	8,204	7,862	7,037	6,786	1,167	1,076
Employment-population ratio	47.7	46.6	46.6	45.9	56.1	51.4
Unemployed	219	281	163	212	56	69
Unemployment rate	2.6	3.5	2.3	3.0	4.6	6.1
Not in labor force	8,761	8,717	7,905	7,771	856	946
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,575	5,740	4,561	4,747	1,013	993
Civilian labor force	4,363	4,445	3,663	3,799	700	645
Participation rate	78.3	77.4	80.3	80.0	69.1	65.0
Employed	4,259	4,263	3,587	3,659	671	604
Employment-population ratio	76.4	74.3	78.6	77.1	66.3	60.8
Unemployed	104	182	76	140	29	42
Unemployment rate	2.4	4.1	2.1	3.7	4.1	6.5
Not in labor force	1,212	1,295	899	948	313	347
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,324	3,283	2,829	2,738	496	545
Civilian labor force	2,225	2,158	1,885	1,810	340	348
Participation rate	66.9	65.7	66.6	66.1	68.6	63.8
Employed	2,179	2,100	1,856	1,771	322	329
Employment-population ratio	65.5	64.0	65.6	64.7	65.1	60.3
Unemployed	46	58	29	39	18	19
Unemployment rate	2.1	2.7	1.5	2.2	5.2	5.4
Not in labor force	1,099	1,125	944	927	156	197
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,805	4,497	4,621	4,323	184	174
Civilian labor force	527	483	501	457	26	26
Participation rate	11.0	10.7	10.8	10.6	14.1	14.8
Employed	516	477	490	456	26	22
Employment-population ratio	10.7	10.6	10.6	10.5	14.1	12.4
Unemployed	11	6	11	2	0	4
Unemployment rate	2.1	1.2	2.2	0.4	-	-
Not in labor force	4,278	4,014	4,120	3,866	158	148
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,481	3,340	3,094	2,961	387	379
Civilian labor force	1,309	1,056	1,152	930	157	126
Participation rate	37.6	31.6	37.2	31.4	40.7	33.3
Employed	1,251	1,022	1,104	900	148	121
Employment-population ratio	35.9	30.6	35.7	30.4	38.1	32.0
Unemployed	58	35	48	30	10	5
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.3	4.2	3.2	6.3	3.7
Not in labor force	2,172	2,284	1,942	2,031	230	253
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	247,344	249,356	113,757	113,495	133,588	135,861
Civilian labor force	160,310	159,763	82,266	81,304	78,045	78,459
Participation rate	64.8	64.1	72.3	71.6	58.4	57.7
Employed	153,527	153,542	78,832	78,046	74,695	75,496
Employment-population ratio	62.1	61.6	69.3	68.8	55.9	55.6
Unemployed	6,783	6,221	3,434	3,259	3,349	2,962
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.9	4.2	4.0	4.3	3.8
Not in labor force	87,034	89,594	31,491	32,191	55,543	57,403
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	People with a disability		People with no disability
	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	35,130	36,701	239,096	238,853
Civilian labor force	8,773	9,062	162,444	161,236
Participation rate	25.0	24.7	67.9	67.5
Employed	8,012	8,381	155,881	155,057
Employment-population ratio	22.8	22.8	65.2	64.9
Unemployed	760	681	6,563	6,179
Unemployment rate	8.7	7.5	4.0	3.8
Not in labor force	26,357	27,639	76,651	77,617
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,713	3,577	80,168	79,188
Participation rate	43.5	42.6	82.8	83.3
Employed	3,374	3,243	76,943	76,111
Employment-population ratio	39.5	38.7	79.4	80.1
Unemployed	339	335	3,225	3,077
Unemployment rate	9.1	9.4	4.0	3.9
Not in labor force	4,818	4,812	16,698	15,846
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,554	3,929	71,644	71,558
Participation rate	40.8	44.8	73.1	73.0
Employed	3,212	3,675	68,630	68,756
Employment-population ratio	36.8	41.9	70.1	70.2
Unemployed	342	253	3,014	2,802
Unemployment rate	9.6	6.4	4.2	3.9
Not in labor force	5,165	4,837	26,325	26,450
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,506	1,556	10,632	10,490
Participation rate	8.4	8.0	24.0	22.9
Employed	1,427	1,463	10,308	10,191
Employment-population ratio	8.0	7.5	23.3	22.2
Unemployed	79	93	325	299
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.9	3.1	2.9
Not in labor force	16,374	17,990	33,627	35,321
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,409	48,875	23,525	23,456	24,884	25,420
Civilian labor force	32,073	32,279	18,134	18,075	13,939	14,204
Participation rate	66.3	66.0	77.1	77.1	56.0	55.9
Employed	30,744	31,253	17,556	17,566	13,188	13,688
Employment-population ratio	63.5	63.9	74.6	74.9	53.0	53.8
Unemployed	1,329	1,025	578	509	751	516
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.2	3.2	2.8	5.4	3.6
Not in labor force	16,336	16,597	5,390	5,381	10,945	11,216
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	225,817	226,678	110,235	109,482	115,582	117,196
Civilian labor force	139,144	138,019	72,481	71,281	66,663	66,738
Participation rate	61.6	60.9	65.8	65.1	57.7	56.9
Employed	133,150	132,185	69,293	68,163	63,856	64,022
Employment-population ratio	59.0	58.3	62.9	62.3	55.2	54.6
Unemployed	5,995	5,834	3,188	3,118	2,806	2,716
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.1
Not in labor force	86,673	88,659	37,754	38,201	48,919	50,458
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2025	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	May 2026	June 2026	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,209	2,551	2,636	2,206	2,261	2,291	2,216	2,444	2,596
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,533	1,735	1,937	1,518	1,648	1,595	1,508	1,630	1,832
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	658	795	688	662	582	638	670	770	692
Unpaid family workers	18	21	11	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	161,685	160,116	160,802	161,423	160,589	160,100	160,093	160,325	160,442
Wage and salary workers(1)	152,530	151,171	151,837	152,273	151,624	151,206	150,852	151,467	151,540
Government	22,620	21,744	22,181	22,511	21,270	21,812	21,881	22,198	22,012
Private industries	129,910	129,427	129,656	129,857	130,318	129,330	128,906	129,200	129,607
Private households	534	536	499	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	129,376	128,891	129,157	129,359	129,721	128,657	128,382	128,651	129,132
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,138	8,867	8,891	9,078	8,943	8,792	9,066	8,778	8,830
Unpaid family workers	17	78	74	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,247	4,316	4,159	4,594	4,805	4,681	4,804	4,390	4,501
Slack work or business conditions	2,900	2,686	2,667	3,129	3,263	3,010	3,019	2,815	2,896
Could only find part-time work	1,173	1,227	1,242	1,200	1,208	1,409	1,428	1,263	1,267
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,885	21,380	22,965	22,728	22,853	22,618	22,770	22,752	22,813
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,183	4,275	4,037	4,504	4,750	4,615	4,743	4,341	4,357
Slack work or business conditions	2,853	2,660	2,558	3,056	3,235	2,964	2,968	2,776	2,762
Could only find part-time work	1,167	1,221	1,242	1,190	1,205	1,398	1,426	1,262	1,264
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,489	20,917	22,511	22,327	22,445	22,213	22,345	22,291	22,361
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2025	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	May 2026	June 2026	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	163,894	162,667	163,439	163,656	162,771	162,264	162,177	162,746	163,152
16 to 19 years	5,363	5,744	5,317	5,609	5,350	5,313	5,380	5,373	5,535
16 to 17 years	2,162	2,062	2,035	2,111	1,850	1,856	1,771	1,856	1,973
18 to 19 years	3,201	3,682	3,282	3,471	3,510	3,464	3,594	3,499	3,556
20 years and over	158,530	156,922	158,121	158,047	157,421	156,951	156,797	157,373	157,617
20 to 24 years	14,044	14,657	14,384	14,183	14,463	14,507	14,433	14,573	14,540
25 years and over	144,486	142,265	143,737	143,872	142,936	142,421	142,405	142,752	143,126
25 to 54 years	106,214	104,304	105,450	105,879	105,089	104,401	104,674	104,668	105,101
25 to 34 years	36,095	36,267	36,506	36,057	36,549	35,906	36,189	36,428	36,462
35 to 44 years	37,489	36,722	37,136	37,338	36,737	36,755	36,826	36,810	36,972
45 to 54 years	32,629	31,315	31,808	32,484	31,802	31,740	31,659	31,429	31,667
55 years and over	38,272	37,961	38,287	37,993	37,847	38,019	37,731	38,085	38,025
Men, 16 years and over	86,849	85,734	85,728	86,652	85,172	84,854	84,978	85,337	85,495
16 to 19 years	2,597	2,990	2,674	2,707	2,633	2,521	2,626	2,752	2,770
16 to 17 years	980	985	897	959	875	841	821	880	874
18 to 19 years	1,617	2,004	1,778	1,727	1,768	1,691	1,800	1,859	1,894
20 years and over	84,252	82,744	83,054	83,945	82,539	82,333	82,352	82,585	82,725
20 to 24 years	7,252	7,820	7,480	7,317	7,522	7,678	7,667	7,698	7,560
25 years and over	77,000	74,924	75,575	76,631	74,984	74,606	74,662	74,852	75,184
25 to 54 years	56,537	54,914	55,402	56,317	55,326	54,781	54,827	54,856	55,176
25 to 34 years	19,249	19,176	19,323	19,210	19,423	19,115	19,104	19,190	19,279
35 to 44 years	20,108	19,383	19,489	20,019	19,333	19,250	19,312	19,339	19,397
45 to 54 years	17,180	16,355	16,590	17,089	16,569	16,416	16,411	16,327	16,500
55 years and over	20,463	20,010	20,173	20,314	19,657	19,825	19,835	19,995	20,008
Women, 16 years and over	77,045	76,933	77,710	77,004	77,599	77,410	77,199	77,409	77,657
16 to 19 years	2,766	2,754	2,643	2,902	2,717	2,792	2,754	2,621	2,765
16 to 17 years	1,182	1,076	1,138	1,152	975	1,015	950	976	1,099
18 to 19 years	1,584	1,678	1,505	1,744	1,742	1,774	1,794	1,640	1,662
20 years and over	74,278	74,178	75,067	74,102	74,882	74,618	74,445	74,788	74,892
20 to 24 years	6,793	6,837	6,905	6,866	6,941	6,829	6,766	6,874	6,980
25 years and over	67,486	67,341	68,162	67,241	67,952	67,815	67,743	67,901	67,942
25 to 54 years	49,677	49,390	50,048	49,562	49,762	49,621	49,847	49,811	49,925
25 to 34 years	16,846	17,091	17,183	16,847	17,126	16,792	17,085	17,239	17,183
35 to 44 years	17,382	17,339	17,646	17,319	17,404	17,505	17,514	17,471	17,575
45 to 54 years	15,449	14,960	15,218	15,395	15,233	15,324	15,248	15,102	15,168
55 years and over	17,809	17,951	18,115	17,679	18,190	18,194	17,896	18,089	18,017
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	46,477	45,098	45,229	46,206	45,034	44,947	44,764	45,086	44,968
Married women, spouse present(1)	38,235	37,011	38,260	37,912	37,779	37,920	37,626	37,322	37,977
Women who maintain families(2)	9,824	10,183	10,225	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	135,708	135,355	134,953	135,157	134,173	133,659	133,553	134,288	134,376
Part-time workers(4)	28,186	27,311	28,485	28,490	28,679	28,626	28,764	28,541	28,746
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,794	8,505	9,000	8,810	8,428	8,554	8,693	8,805	8,986
Percent of total employed	5.4	5.2	5.5	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.5
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	7,164	6,856	6,897	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,796	9,662	9,580	9,740	9,525	9,431	9,735	9,548	9,522
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2025	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	May 2026	June 2026	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	7,605	7,031	7,109	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.2
16 to 19 years	858	880	941	13.3	14.7	14.6	12.1	14.1	14.5
16 to 17 years	366	326	402	14.8	17.4	17.1	13.6	14.9	16.9
18 to 19 years	500	554	547	12.6	13.3	13.0	11.3	13.7	13.3
20 years and over	6,747	6,151	6,169	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
20 to 24 years	1,430	1,115	1,269	9.2	7.2	7.1	7.1	7.1	8.0
25 years and over	5,280	5,063	4,898	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3
25 to 54 years	4,020	3,910	3,892	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6
25 to 34 years	1,813	1,653	1,654	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.3	4.3
35 to 44 years	1,257	1,190	1,276	3.3	3.5	3.3	2.9	3.1	3.3
45 to 54 years	950	1,067	963	2.8	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.0
55 years and over	1,276	1,169	1,022	3.2	3.0	2.8	3.1	3.0	2.6
Men, 16 years and over	4,033	3,922	3,867	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.3
16 to 19 years	487	478	483	15.2	16.6	16.0	13.9	14.8	14.9
16 to 17 years	193	167	179	16.7	18.5	17.0	16.5	16.0	17.0
18 to 19 years	299	313	307	14.8	15.3	15.1	12.1	14.4	14.0
20 years and over	3,546	3,444	3,384	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.9
20 to 24 years	755	598	659	9.4	8.2	6.7	6.6	7.2	8.0
25 years and over	2,771	2,872	2,736	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.5
25 to 54 years	2,068	2,200	2,122	3.5	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.7
25 to 34 years	996	1,033	953	4.9	4.6	4.8	5.2	5.1	4.7
35 to 44 years	570	614	687	2.8	3.5	3.6	3.1	3.1	3.4
45 to 54 years	502	554	482	2.9	2.8	3.1	3.2	3.3	2.8
55 years and over	703	672	614	3.3	3.3	2.8	2.9	3.3	3.0
Women, 16 years and over	3,572	3,109	3,242	4.4	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0
16 to 19 years	371	402	458	11.3	12.7	13.3	10.3	13.3	14.2
16 to 17 years	173	158	223	13.1	16.5	17.2	10.8	14.0	16.9
18 to 19 years	201	241	239	10.3	11.2	10.9	10.4	12.8	12.6
20 years and over	3,201	2,708	2,785	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.6
20 to 24 years	675	517	610	9.0	6.2	7.6	7.6	7.0	8.0
25 years and over	2,509	2,190	2,162	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.1
25 to 54 years	1,952	1,710	1,770	3.8	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.4
25 to 34 years	817	620	701	4.6	4.8	4.3	4.1	3.5	3.9
35 to 44 years	687	575	589	3.8	3.5	2.9	2.7	3.2	3.2
45 to 54 years	448	514	481	2.8	3.4	3.1	3.0	3.3	3.1
55 years and over	565	499	400	3.1	2.5	2.7	3.3	2.7	2.2
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,089	979	951	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1
Married women, spouse present(1)	907	975	817	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.1
Women who maintain families(2)	641	560	530	6.1	4.7	4.6	5.8	5.2	4.9
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	6,226	5,749	5,732	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1
Part-time workers(4)	1,328	1,304	1,343	4.5	4.7	4.5	4.2	4.4	4.5
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2025	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	May 2026	June 2026	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,164	3,349	2,832	3,524	3,385	3,278	3,309	3,245	3,200
On temporary layoff	495	891	498	844	778	768	921	839	845
Not on temporary layoff	2,669	2,458	2,334	2,680	2,606	2,511	2,388	2,406	2,354
Permanent job losers	2,003	1,832	1,733	2,012	1,927	1,769	1,715	1,777	1,750
People who completed temporary jobs	666	626	600	668	680	741	673	629	605
Job leavers	930	997	798	860	916	776	793	914	741
Reentrants	2,423	2,231	2,393	2,336	2,209	2,237	2,123	2,137	2,289
New entrants	806	805	836	813	818	772	761	702	818
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	43.2	45.4	41.3	46.8	46.2	46.4	47.4	46.4	45.4
On temporary layoff	6.8	12.1	7.3	11.2	10.6	10.9	13.2	12.0	12.0
Not on temporary layoff	36.4	33.3	34.0	35.6	35.6	35.5	34.2	34.4	33.4
Job leavers	12.7	13.5	11.6	11.4	12.5	11.0	11.3	13.1	10.5
Reentrants	33.1	30.2	34.9	31.0	30.2	31.7	30.4	30.5	32.5
New entrants	11.0	10.9	12.2	10.8	11.2	10.9	10.9	10.0	11.6
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	1.8	2.0	1.7	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9
Job leavers	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
Reentrants	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2025	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	May 2026	June 2026	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,160	1,978	2,036	2,232	2,210	2,182	1,960	2,000	2,098
5 to 14 weeks	2,174	2,440	1,801	2,356	1,946	1,936	2,049	2,077	1,956
15 weeks and over	2,989	2,964	3,023	3,101	3,065	2,989	2,929	3,077	3,133
15 to 26 weeks	1,182	1,018	1,086	1,286	1,077	1,052	1,157	1,147	1,189
27 weeks and over	1,808	1,946	1,937	1,815	1,988	1,937	1,771	1,930	1,944
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	24.7	26.1	25.4	24.1	26.0	25.5	24.9	26.3	24.8
Median duration, in weeks	10.7	11.3	12.1	10.1	11.6	11.0	10.5	11.4	11.5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	29.5	26.8	29.7	29.0	30.6	30.7	28.2	28.0	29.2
5 to 14 weeks	29.7	33.1	26.3	30.6	27.0	27.2	29.5	29.0	27.2
15 weeks and over	40.8	40.2	44.1	40.3	42.4	42.1	42.2	43.0	43.6
15 to 26 weeks	16.1	13.8	15.8	16.7	14.9	14.8	16.7	16.0	16.5
27 weeks and over	24.7	26.4	28.2	23.6	27.5	27.3	25.5	27.0	27.1
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026
Total, 16 years and over(1)	163,894	163,439	7,324	6,859	4.3	4.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	71,646	73,122	1,831	1,837	2.5	2.5
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	31,363	31,900	685	719	2.1	2.2
Professional and related occupations	40,283	41,223	1,146	1,118	2.8	2.6
Service occupations	27,346	26,223	1,565	1,556	5.4	5.6
Sales and office occupations	30,662	30,105	1,484	1,047	4.6	3.4
Sales and related occupations	14,054	14,040	702	463	4.8	3.2
Office and administrative support occupations	16,608	16,065	782	585	4.5	3.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,905	13,896	565	537	3.7	3.7
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,064	1,178	85	52	7.4	4.2
Construction and extraction occupations	8,577	7,916	340	358	3.8	4.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	5,264	4,802	139	126	2.6	2.6
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,335	20,093	1,067	1,007	5.2	4.8
Production occupations	7,425	7,775	368	341	4.7	4.2
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,910	12,318	699	665	5.5	5.1
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026
Total, 16 years and over(1)	7,324	6,859	4.3	4.0
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,587	5,225	4.1	3.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	33	5	6.8	0.9
Construction	404	359	3.8	3.5
Manufacturing	571	423	3.7	2.9
Durable goods	361	256	3.6	2.6
Nondurable goods	210	167	4.0	3.4
Wholesale and retail trade	928	782	4.8	4.0
Transportation and utilities	340	364	3.9	4.2
Information	177	208	7.0	7.1
Financial activities	244	213	2.3	2.0
Professional and business services	803	753	3.9	3.9
Education and health services	888	992	3.3	3.6
Leisure and hospitality	939	874	6.7	6.6
Other services	257	251	3.7	3.6
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	111	54	7.0	2.8
Government workers	547	402	2.4	1.8
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	272	342	2.7	3.4
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2025	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	May 2026	June 2026	July 2026	Aug. 2026	Sept. 2026
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8
U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.8	2.0	1.7	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.3	4.3	4.0	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.2
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.6	4.6	4.2	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.4
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	5.3	5.3	4.9	5.4	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.1	5.0
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	7.7	7.8	7.3	8.1	8.1	7.9	7.9	7.7	7.6
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2026
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	103,009	105,256	43,144	43,582	59,864	61,674
People who currently want a job	5,792	5,631	2,688	2,573	3,104	3,059
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,807	1,485	980	812	827	673
Discouraged workers(2)	537	394	331	242	207	153
Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,269	1,091	649	570	620	521
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,794	9,000	4,221	4,009	4,574	4,990
Percent of total employed	5.4	5.5	4.9	4.7	5.9	6.4
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	5,209	5,199	2,756	2,445	2,452	2,754
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,141	2,250	767	688	1,374	1,562
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	438	421	226	273	212	148
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	945	1,066	441	577	504	489
Footnotes (1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)	Change from: Aug.2026 - Sept.2026(p)
Total nonfarm	158,729	158,709	158,905	159,238	158,548	158,882	159,015	159,044	29
Total private	135,161	136,571	136,406	135,883	135,005	135,582	135,671	135,717	46
Goods-producing	21,633	21,855	21,880	21,783	21,472	21,571	21,605	21,623	18
Mining and logging	609	612	615	611	605	606	609	607	-2
Logging	39.7	40.1	40.7	41.0	39.0	39.1	39.5	39.9	0.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	569.7	572.3	574.4	570.2	566.1	566.5	569.0	566.9	-2.1
Oil and gas extraction	115.6	115.7	115.4	113.6	115.9	114.6	114.7	114.1	-0.6
Mining (except oil and gas)	190.3	193.9	193.0	191.9	188.1	189.4	189.8	189.6	-0.2
Coal mining	39.3	38.3	38.0	37.9	39.3	37.9	38.0	37.9	-0.1
Metal ore mining	44.7	46.9	46.9	46.8	44.7	46.6	46.8	46.9	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	106.3	108.7	108.1	107.2	104.1	104.9	105.1	104.8	-0.3
Support activities for mining	263.8	262.7	266.0	264.7	262.1	262.5	264.5	263.2	-1.3
Construction	8,401	8,533	8,553	8,504	8,255	8,337	8,353	8,364	11
Construction of buildings	1,859.6	1,900.7	1,898.0	1,883.6	1,846.4	1,864.4	1,869.2	1,873.4	4.2
Residential building construction	932.4	929.8	931.7	928.3	926.7	914.4	919.7	922.7	3.0
Nonresidential building construction	927.2	970.9	966.3	955.3	919.7	950.0	949.5	950.7	1.2
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,235.1	1,249.0	1,256.7	1,259.3	1,184.5	1,205.6	1,208.2	1,210.8	2.6
Specialty trade contractors	5,305.9	5,382.9	5,398.2	5,360.6	5,224.0	5,266.8	5,275.5	5,279.9	4.4
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,402.3	2,398.3	2,402.9	2,370.0	2,369.1	2,345.6	2,348.2	2,340.3	-7.9
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,903.6	2,984.6	2,995.3	2,990.6	2,854.9	2,921.2	2,927.3	2,939.6	12.3
Manufacturing	12,623	12,710	12,712	12,668	12,612	12,628	12,643	12,652	9
Durable goods	7,812	7,918	7,923	7,899	7,814	7,876	7,890	7,898	8
Wood product manufacturing	401.9	396.3	395.1	394.8	401.4	393.1	391.9	394.0	2.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	422.6	426.9	426.4	424.1	419.1	422.1	421.6	420.8	-0.8
Primary metal manufacturing	363.5	371.4	371.4	368.9	363.4	368.1	369.3	369.1	-0.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,433.2	1,461.6	1,462.7	1,458.1	1,436.2	1,454.7	1,461.5	1,460.6	-0.9
Machinery manufacturing	1,081.4	1,099.4	1,098.4	1,097.4	1,085.7	1,091.5	1,096.5	1,101.0	4.5
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	994.0	1,003.8	1,007.2	1,001.1	993.7	997.4	1,000.3	1,000.4	0.1
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	100.1	100.3	100.7	99.5	100.0	100.0	99.7	99.4	-0.3
Communications equipment manufacturing	80.2	83.7	83.9	82.6	80.2	83.3	83.7	82.7	-1.0
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	373.3	373.3	374.7	372.9	372.7	370.0	371.5	372.7	1.2
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	411.7	419.9	421.1	419.6	412.2	418.1	419.1	419.4	0.3
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	28.7	26.6	26.8	26.5	28.5	26.1	26.3	26.2	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	428.7	443.9	444.4	446.1	429.0	441.8	444.5	446.3	1.8
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,739.9	1,767.0	1,771.6	1,772.5	1,735.4	1,766.2	1,763.0	1,766.4	3.4
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	965.3	960.4	965.6	968.0	960.9	968.2	960.9	962.5	1.6
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337.0	332.1	331.9	326.2	338.1	328.6	329.4	327.4	-2.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	609.5	615.3	613.7	609.9	612.1	612.8	611.8	612.0	0.2
Nondurable goods	4,811	4,792	4,789	4,769	4,798	4,752	4,753	4,754	1
Food manufacturing	1,794.3	1,785.1	1,787.2	1,778.8	1,784.1	1,769.0	1,768.6	1,768.2	-0.4
Textile mills	82.3	77.4	78.3	78.5	82.1	77.1	78.3	78.1	-0.2
Textile product mills	92.2	92.8	93.6	93.4	92.5	93.1	93.6	93.7	0.1
Apparel manufacturing	78.4	72.5	72.6	71.3	78.7	72.2	72.0	71.4	-0.6
Paper manufacturing	355.6	356.9	355.6	353.1	355.8	355.9	355.7	353.1	-2.6
Printing and related support activities	341.6	339.6	337.9	334.6	341.8	338.9	337.6	335.8	-1.8
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	111.5	112.1	110.5	110.7	110.1	109.4	109.0	109.2	0.2
Chemical manufacturing	900.3	909.2	908.5	904.8	902.1	902.6	904.6	905.5	0.9
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	698.0	693.2	692.8	692.1	701.3	689.9	690.3	694.9	4.6
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	357.1	353.3	352.0	351.3	349.2	343.6	343.6	343.7	0.1
Private service-providing	113,528	114,716	114,526	114,100	113,533	114,011	114,066	114,094	28
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,596	28,716	28,660	28,666	28,725	28,751	28,760	28,778	18
Wholesale trade	6,045.2	6,095.8	6,082.0	6,074.5	6,051.8	6,065.3	6,073.3	6,078.3	5.0
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,393.2	3,432.8	3,424.1	3,425.2	3,399.4	3,416.1	3,422.2	3,429.3	7.1
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,209.8	2,216.0	2,211.1	2,206.5	2,210.9	2,203.7	2,207.0	2,206.5	-0.5
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	442.2	447.0	446.8	442.8	441.5	445.5	444.1	442.5	-1.6
Retail trade	15,345.6	15,509.4	15,457.9	15,378.4	15,453.4	15,479.2	15,474.1	15,479.9	5.8
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,050.4	2,064.0	2,059.7	2,056.7	2,047.2	2,052.2	2,051.5	2,053.6	2.1
Automobile dealers	1,291.9	1,289.1	1,285.4	1,282.8	1,291.6	1,286.4	1,283.4	1,283.3	-0.1
Other motor vehicle dealers	159.8	167.0	164.7	162.0	158.0	159.9	159.4	160.5	1.1
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	598.7	607.9	609.6	611.9	597.6	605.9	608.7	609.8	1.1
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,347.6	1,388.7	1,359.2	1,342.6	1,367.3	1,357.0	1,356.1	1,360.3	4.2
Food and beverage retailers	3,242.8	3,260.7	3,247.6	3,227.1	3,264.2	3,253.3	3,246.4	3,248.1	1.7
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	765.5	744.5	743.0	746.0	771.4	755.5	753.0	751.8	-1.2
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	388.3	382.3	382.2	380.1	392.8	387.4	387.9	385.6	-2.3
Electronics and appliance retailers	377.2	362.2	360.8	365.9	378.6	368.1	365.1	366.2	1.1
General merchandise retailers	3,222.1	3,221.5	3,240.4	3,236.3	3,246.9	3,251.7	3,261.8	3,257.0	-4.8
Department stores	907.2	919.5	934.3	929.2	926.3	944.7	947.8	947.1	-0.7
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,314.9	2,302.0	2,306.1	2,307.1	2,320.6	2,307.0	2,314.0	2,309.9	-4.1
Health and personal care retailers	1,047.9	1,049.8	1,039.6	1,040.3	1,056.5	1,053.4	1,052.1	1,048.4	-3.7
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,054.6	1,072.4	1,068.0	1,067.4	1,052.7	1,060.8	1,057.8	1,065.1	7.3
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,126.2	1,156.6	1,153.8	1,131.5	1,150.0	1,151.7	1,151.9	1,152.5	0.6
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,488.5	1,551.2	1,546.6	1,530.5	1,497.2	1,543.6	1,543.5	1,543.1	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing	6,604.9	6,497.2	6,507.3	6,602.7	6,618.5	6,597.8	6,601.1	6,608.7	7.6
Air transportation	569.8	570.9	569.6	567.7	570.2	568.3	567.3	568.5	1.2
Rail transportation	153.5	149.6	149.2	149.2	153.7	148.8	149.2	148.9	-0.3
Water transportation	72.2	74.5	73.9	72.3	70.8	70.4	70.7	70.9	0.2
Truck transportation	1,486.5	1,480.6	1,487.9	1,488.2	1,472.3	1,466.3	1,470.5	1,473.1	2.6
Transit and ground passenger transportation	503.8	426.8	434.5	516.0	489.7	492.7	497.7	500.8	3.1
Pipeline transportation	56.4	57.1	57.1	56.6	56.5	57.2	56.8	56.6	-0.2
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	41.0	43.3	41.5	39.9	36.0	32.9	32.6	33.5	0.9
Support activities for transportation	826.7	826.8	834.4	833.8	829.4	827.3	831.5	835.0	3.5
Couriers and messengers	1,034.0	1,040.2	1,031.1	1,041.3	1,086.5	1,095.4	1,088.9	1,089.6	0.7
Warehousing and storage	1,861.0	1,827.4	1,828.1	1,837.7	1,853.4	1,838.5	1,835.9	1,831.8	-4.1
Utilities	599.9	613.6	612.4	609.9	601.4	608.9	611.0	611.5	0.5
Information	2,852	2,785	2,764	2,739	2,859	2,767	2,749	2,739	-10
Motion picture and sound recording industries	340.5	338.2	340.5	320.7	348.8	330.4	328.7	328.5	-0.2
Publishing industries	916.9	895.6	889.0	889.5	913.0	890.0	884.4	880.4	-4.0
Broadcasting and content providers	342.5	334.3	329.7	328.0	342.5	333.5	331.1	328.1	-3.0
Telecommunications	595.0	571.8	563.9	564.6	595.1	569.1	566.3	564.6	-1.7
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	473.9	459.9	455.8	452.1	476.3	461.1	455.4	453.8	-1.6
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	182.8	185.4	184.9	183.9	183.1	183.2	183.1	183.3	0.2
Financial activities	9,190	9,162	9,139	9,082	9,189	9,098	9,089	9,082	-7
Finance and insurance	6,730.0	6,682.2	6,671.1	6,636.5	6,737.9	6,659.5	6,651.6	6,644.6	-7.0
Monetary authorities-central bank	19.5	18.5	18.4	18.4	19.6	18.3	18.4	18.3	-0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,560.0	2,538.9	2,533.7	2,516.9	2,565.1	2,530.8	2,526.5	2,521.9	-4.6
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,782.6	1,774.9	1,772.2	1,763.3	1,787.0	1,769.7	1,767.9	1,767.1	-0.8
Commercial banking	1,369.5	1,354.4	1,351.6	1,344.4	1,373.0	1,350.6	1,348.0	1,347.5	-0.5
Nondepository credit intermediation	497.0	491.2	488.7	484.6	497.8	489.8	487.8	485.6	-2.2
Activities related to credit intermediation	280.4	272.8	272.8	269.0	280.3	271.3	270.8	269.2	-1.6
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,146.6	1,185.5	1,184.2	1,171.9	1,146.8	1,172.6	1,174.0	1,174.0	0.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	3,003.9	2,939.3	2,934.8	2,929.3	3,006.4	2,937.8	2,932.7	2,930.4	-2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,460.2	2,480.0	2,468.0	2,445.0	2,451.3	2,438.8	2,437.2	2,437.7	0.5
Real estate	1,852.6	1,866.7	1,857.5	1,839.9	1,853.1	1,846.4	1,844.0	1,842.0	-2.0
Rental and leasing services	585.8	592.1	589.4	584.3	576.4	571.4	572.2	574.9	2.7
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	21.8	21.2	21.1	20.8	21.8	21.0	21.0	20.8	-0.2
Professional and business services	22,433	22,640	22,626	22,547	22,359	22,496	22,491	22,482	-9
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,678.2	10,883.3	10,836.6	10,755.1	10,760.6	10,835.9	10,837.2	10,843.6	6.4
Legal services	1,216.5	1,257.1	1,242.6	1,239.9	1,226.2	1,246.1	1,247.0	1,249.0	2.0
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,086.1	1,094.3	1,080.6	1,075.6	1,128.5	1,124.7	1,122.5	1,121.2	-1.3
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,731.3	1,797.1	1,791.1	1,776.9	1,733.8	1,770.1	1,773.0	1,778.8	5.8
Specialized design services	147.7	151.2	151.8	152.7	147.8	151.0	151.4	152.6	1.2
Computer systems design and related services	2,370.0	2,376.8	2,373.0	2,337.0	2,387.6	2,362.0	2,359.8	2,355.4	-4.4
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,853.7	1,894.4	1,888.0	1,879.3	1,860.0	1,889.3	1,889.5	1,888.1	-1.4
Scientific research and development services	910.5	928.9	925.0	915.1	912.2	916.4	916.3	918.3	2.0
Advertising, public relations, and related services	480.0	479.0	477.6	478.2	481.3	477.4	476.8	478.6	1.8
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	882.4	904.5	906.9	900.4	883.2	898.9	901.0	901.6	0.6
Management of companies and enterprises	2,626.4	2,640.6	2,633.7	2,619.9	2,627.8	2,620.8	2,620.1	2,619.6	-0.5
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,128.3	9,116.0	9,155.8	9,172.2	8,970.1	9,039.3	9,033.9	9,018.6	-15.3
Administrative and support services	8,605.7	8,583.9	8,625.5	8,642.3	8,449.3	8,512.8	8,508.2	8,490.6	-17.6
Office administrative services	617.5	642.6	639.4	633.2	616.6	635.6	636.1	632.8	-3.3
Facilities support services	181.5	179.2	180.5	180.9	180.7	178.5	179.4	180.0	0.6
Employment services(1)	3,233.3	3,142.7	3,203.1	3,256.6	3,157.4	3,197.0	3,195.9	3,181.6	-14.3
Temporary help services	2,538.2	2,444.0	2,503.1	2,556.4	2,471.6	2,497.5	2,497.7	2,486.8	-10.9
Business support services	642.9	618.9	618.7	618.2	643.4	625.5	622.4	618.2	-4.2
Travel arrangement and reservation services	186.1	189.6	186.9	186.4	186.3	186.4	185.6	185.6	0.0
Investigation and security services	1,053.2	1,045.8	1,048.4	1,050.6	1,049.1	1,048.0	1,046.7	1,046.4	-0.3
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,361.3	2,430.7	2,416.4	2,379.5	2,287.9	2,307.4	2,309.6	2,311.0	1.4
Other support services	329.9	334.4	332.1	336.9	327.9	334.5	332.6	335.2	2.6
Waste management and remediation services	522.6	532.1	530.3	529.9	520.8	526.5	525.7	528.0	2.3
Private education and health services	27,442	27,658	27,708	27,947	27,489	27,947	27,985	28,005	20
Private educational services	4,036.2	3,763.8	3,790.7	4,035.3	4,050.3	4,046.1	4,049.6	4,046.4	-3.2
Health care and social assistance	23,405.5	23,894.5	23,917.3	23,911.9	23,438.2	23,900.5	23,935.6	23,958.6	23.0
Health care(3)	18,169.5	18,524.6	18,536.4	18,531.7	18,181.8	18,512.5	18,536.9	18,553.6	16.7
Ambulatory health care services	9,036.3	9,233.8	9,236.8	9,244.7	9,053.1	9,241.8	9,253.0	9,266.4	13.4
Offices of physicians	3,014.9	3,053.1	3,056.1	3,051.5	3,024.8	3,058.6	3,061.6	3,062.7	1.1
Offices of dentists	1,045.0	1,058.7	1,055.5	1,051.9	1,049.1	1,058.0	1,053.6	1,057.6	4.0
Offices of other health practitioners	1,305.5	1,354.8	1,349.7	1,358.6	1,309.2	1,353.2	1,355.6	1,362.3	6.7
Outpatient care centers	1,178.1	1,193.5	1,194.1	1,197.2	1,179.7	1,194.8	1,196.3	1,199.7	3.4
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	310.2	311.9	310.6	309.1	310.9	311.8	310.3	309.6	-0.7
Home health care services	1,816.1	1,880.2	1,891.7	1,896.2	1,813.5	1,884.7	1,896.5	1,894.2	-2.3
Other ambulatory health care services	366.5	381.6	379.1	380.2	365.9	380.7	379.1	380.2	1.1
Hospitals	5,695.0	5,779.7	5,789.5	5,800.8	5,689.7	5,774.4	5,785.8	5,797.8	12.0
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,438.2	3,511.1	3,510.1	3,486.2	3,439.0	3,496.3	3,498.1	3,489.4	-8.7
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,561.3	1,595.8	1,594.8	1,589.5	1,557.3	1,588.8	1,589.0	1,587.4	-1.6
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	694.8	709.5	708.2	707.2	695.9	707.6	707.9	708.9	1.0
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	1,009.8	1,033.6	1,034.4	1,018.2	1,013.9	1,028.0	1,029.1	1,022.1	-7.0
Other residential care facilities	172.3	172.2	172.7	171.3	171.9	172.0	172.2	171.1	-1.1
Social assistance	5,236.0	5,369.9	5,380.9	5,380.2	5,256.4	5,388.0	5,398.7	5,405.0	6.3
Individual and family services	3,636.2	3,793.4	3,791.8	3,788.5	3,648.8	3,782.4	3,791.1	3,801.6	10.5
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	231.8	237.6	237.0	236.2	234.1	236.3	238.0	238.2	0.2
Vocational rehabilitation services	278.3	282.7	283.9	276.8	279.7	279.1	281.0	279.0	-2.0
Child care services	1,089.7	1,056.2	1,068.2	1,078.7	1,093.9	1,090.2	1,088.6	1,086.3	-2.3
Leisure and hospitality	17,022	17,650	17,551	17,097	16,907	16,922	16,959	16,969	10
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,740.6	2,989.2	2,927.9	2,706.9	2,701.7	2,660.4	2,656.6	2,659.1	2.5
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	630.5	606.0	612.8	616.1	609.6	590.4	589.5	596.2	6.7
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	182.1	198.1	193.8	183.6	180.2	183.3	183.7	182.6	-1.1
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,928.0	2,185.1	2,121.3	1,907.2	1,911.9	1,886.7	1,883.4	1,880.3	-3.1
Accommodation and food services	14,281.3	14,661.1	14,623.2	14,390.4	14,205.3	14,261.8	14,302.3	14,309.5	7.2
Accommodation	1,961.4	2,061.4	2,040.1	1,955.7	1,921.4	1,913.4	1,920.1	1,916.5	-3.6
Food services and drinking places	12,319.9	12,599.7	12,583.1	12,434.7	12,283.9	12,348.4	12,382.2	12,393.0	10.8
Other services	5,993	6,105	6,078	6,022	6,005	6,030	6,033	6,039	6
Repair and maintenance	1,474.6	1,485.5	1,482.6	1,469.8	1,476.3	1,480.1	1,476.8	1,472.9	-3.9
Personal and laundry services	1,602.1	1,627.9	1,628.6	1,621.4	1,600.3	1,611.3	1,620.9	1,621.1	0.2
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,916.5	2,991.9	2,966.3	2,930.4	2,928.8	2,938.9	2,935.2	2,944.6	9.4
Government	23,568	22,138	22,499	23,355	23,543	23,300	23,344	23,327	-17
Federal	2,909	2,687	2,685	2,686	2,914	2,686	2,683	2,682	-1
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,320.0	2,086.0	2,089.7	2,092.6	2,321.5	2,083.5	2,082.6	2,083.3	0.7
U.S. Postal Service	589.2	601.4	594.9	593.2	592.7	602.1	600.3	598.4	-1.9
State government	5,570	5,137	5,208	5,546	5,497	5,482	5,475	5,472	-3
State government education	2,689.6	2,255.1	2,320.2	2,669.7	2,621.2	2,616.7	2,604.5	2,601.8	-2.7
State government, excluding education	2,880.8	2,881.7	2,887.8	2,876.0	2,875.3	2,864.8	2,870.3	2,870.6	0.3
Local government	15,089	14,314	14,606	15,123	15,132	15,132	15,186	15,173	-13
Local government education	8,204.0	7,100.8	7,450.2	8,173.3	8,234.0	8,157.4	8,206.7	8,204.9	-1.8
Local government, excluding education	6,885.4	7,213.0	7,155.6	6,950.0	6,898.4	6,974.4	6,978.9	6,968.3	-10.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.2	34.3	34.4	34.4
Goods-producing	39.7	40.2	40.3	40.2
Mining and logging	45.4	46.1	45.7	45.8
Construction	39.0	39.4	39.4	39.2
Manufacturing	40.0	40.4	40.6	40.6
Durable goods	40.4	40.8	41.0	41.0
Nondurable goods	39.2	39.7	39.8	39.9
Private service-providing	33.2	33.2	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	34.1	34.2	34.4
Wholesale trade	39.2	39.4	39.4	39.4
Retail trade	29.9	30.1	30.2	30.6
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	38.0	38.0	38.0
Utilities	41.8	42.5	42.9	42.2
Information	37.6	37.1	37.1	36.9
Financial activities	37.6	37.5	37.6	37.5
Professional and business services	36.5	36.7	36.8	36.7
Private education and health services	32.7	32.7	32.7	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	25.5	25.4	25.4	25.5
Other services	32.0	32.2	32.3	32.1
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.0
Durable goods	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.0
Nondurable goods	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)
Total private	$36.70	$37.64	$37.76	$37.81	$1,255.14	$1,291.05	$1,298.94	$1,300.66
Goods-producing	37.47	38.77	38.85	38.89	1,487.56	1,558.55	1,565.66	1,563.38
Mining and logging	40.32	42.04	41.94	42.17	1,830.53	1,938.04	1,916.66	1,931.39
Construction	40.01	41.48	41.64	41.69	1,560.39	1,634.31	1,640.62	1,634.25
Manufacturing	35.70	36.84	36.90	36.92	1,428.00	1,488.34	1,498.14	1,498.95
Durable goods	37.94	39.05	39.06	39.08	1,532.78	1,593.24	1,601.46	1,602.28
Nondurable goods	31.93	33.07	33.20	33.23	1,251.66	1,312.88	1,321.36	1,325.88
Private service-providing	36.53	37.39	37.50	37.57	1,212.80	1,241.35	1,248.75	1,251.08
Trade, transportation, and utilities	31.19	31.99	32.07	32.09	1,060.46	1,090.86	1,096.79	1,103.90
Wholesale trade	39.08	39.82	39.87	40.06	1,531.94	1,568.91	1,570.88	1,578.36
Retail trade	25.63	26.29	26.38	26.38	766.34	791.33	796.68	807.23
Transportation and warehousing	31.79	32.60	32.70	32.78	1,217.56	1,238.80	1,242.60	1,245.64
Utilities	52.92	56.25	56.23	56.07	2,212.06	2,390.63	2,412.27	2,366.15
Information	53.06	55.73	55.58	56.08	1,995.06	2,067.58	2,062.02	2,069.35
Financial activities	47.93	49.43	49.81	49.75	1,802.17	1,853.63	1,872.86	1,865.63
Professional and business services	44.74	45.68	45.81	46.03	1,633.01	1,676.46	1,685.81	1,689.30
Private education and health services	35.69	36.30	36.39	36.44	1,167.06	1,187.01	1,189.95	1,191.59
Leisure and hospitality	23.00	23.65	23.76	23.90	586.50	600.71	603.50	609.45
Other services	33.35	34.10	34.23	34.33	1,067.20	1,098.02	1,105.63	1,101.99
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2026 - Sept. 2026(p)	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2026 - Sept. 2026(p)
Total private	115.9	116.7	117.2	117.2	0.0	203.4	210.1	211.5	211.9	0.2
Goods-producing	97.1	98.8	99.2	99.1	-0.1	164.5	173.2	174.2	174.1	-0.1
Mining and logging	86.3	87.8	87.5	87.4	-0.1	139.7	148.2	147.3	147.9	0.4
Construction	111.0	113.2	113.4	113.0	-0.4	192.9	204.1	205.3	204.7	-0.3
Manufacturing	90.8	91.8	92.4	92.5	0.1	150.8	157.3	158.6	158.8	0.1
Durable goods	88.9	90.5	91.1	91.2	0.1	149.8	157.0	158.1	158.3	0.1
Nondurable goods	93.9	94.2	94.4	94.7	0.3	152.1	158.0	159.1	159.6	0.3
Private service-providing	121.3	121.9	122.3	122.3	0.0	215.4	221.4	222.9	223.3	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.7	107.1	107.5	108.2	0.7	179.5	184.8	185.9	187.2	0.7
Wholesale trade	104.6	105.4	105.6	105.6	0.0	171.1	175.6	176.0	177.0	0.6
Retail trade	94.0	94.8	95.1	96.4	1.4	159.4	164.9	165.9	168.2	1.4
Transportation and warehousing	145.7	144.1	144.1	144.3	0.1	235.6	238.9	239.8	240.6	0.3
Utilities	108.8	112.0	113.5	111.7	-1.6	190.2	208.1	210.7	206.9	-1.8
Information	98.2	93.8	93.2	92.3	-1.0	185.5	186.1	184.4	184.3	-0.1
Financial activities	113.2	111.8	111.9	111.6	-0.3	211.6	215.5	217.5	216.5	-0.5
Professional and business services	127.6	129.1	129.4	129.0	-0.3	231.3	238.9	240.2	240.6	0.2
Private education and health services	146.8	149.3	149.5	149.6	0.1	252.1	260.7	261.7	262.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	123.0	122.6	122.9	123.5	0.5	228.3	234.0	235.6	238.1	1.1
Other services	110.8	111.9	112.4	111.8	-0.5	202.5	209.2	210.8	210.3	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)
Total nonfarm	79,255	79,554	79,699	79,713	50.0	50.1	50.1	50.1
Total private	65,470	65,920	66,030	66,055	48.5	48.6	48.7	48.7
Goods-producing	4,884	4,901	4,910	4,920	22.7	22.7	22.7	22.8
Mining and logging	84	84	85	85	13.9	13.9	14.0	14.0
Construction	1,187	1,194	1,195	1,195	14.4	14.3	14.3	14.3
Manufacturing	3,613	3,623	3,630	3,640	28.6	28.7	28.7	28.8
Durable goods	1,898	1,905	1,911	1,916	24.3	24.2	24.2	24.3
Nondurable goods	1,715	1,718	1,719	1,724	35.7	36.2	36.2	36.3
Private service-providing	60,586	61,019	61,120	61,135	53.4	53.5	53.6	53.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,151	11,184	11,174	11,182	38.8	38.9	38.9	38.9
Wholesale trade	1,842.3	1,843.1	1,842.3	1,840.3	30.4	30.4	30.3	30.3
Retail trade	7,408.7	7,459.4	7,443.4	7,445.4	47.9	48.2	48.1	48.1
Transportation and warehousing	1,743.6	1,726.6	1,732.9	1,741.3	26.3	26.2	26.3	26.3
Utilities	155.9	155.3	155.7	155.2	25.9	25.5	25.5	25.4
Information	1,143	1,132	1,126	1,118	40.0	40.9	41.0	40.8
Financial activities	5,036	4,947	4,943	4,943	54.8	54.4	54.4	54.4
Professional and business services	10,112	10,252	10,269	10,253	45.2	45.6	45.7	45.6
Private education and health services	21,055	21,388	21,423	21,442	76.6	76.5	76.6	76.6
Leisure and hospitality	8,849	8,866	8,930	8,938	52.3	52.4	52.7	52.7
Other services	3,240	3,250	3,255	3,259	54.0	53.9	54.0	54.0
Government	13,785	13,634	13,669	13,658	58.6	58.5	58.6	58.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)
Total private	110,060	110,581	110,721	110,737
Goods-producing	15,242	15,272	15,281	15,293
Mining and logging	450	456	456	455
Construction	5,997	6,055	6,070	6,084
Manufacturing	8,795	8,761	8,755	8,754
Durable goods	5,297	5,321	5,316	5,323
Nondurable goods	3,498	3,440	3,439	3,431
Private service-providing	94,818	95,309	95,440	95,444
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,373	24,459	24,440	24,447
Wholesale trade	4,788.2	4,798.5	4,800.4	4,805.7
Retail trade	13,301.0	13,393.3	13,366.5	13,366.7
Transportation and warehousing	5,806.9	5,784.7	5,788.6	5,789.8
Utilities	476.5	482.8	484.3	485.1
Information	2,274	2,206	2,197	2,193
Financial activities	6,976	6,891	6,883	6,873
Professional and business services	17,536	17,714	17,724	17,721
Private education and health services	24,103	24,515	24,550	24,570
Leisure and hospitality	14,676	14,637	14,748	14,738
Other services	4,880	4,887	4,898	4,902
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.8	33.8	33.8
Goods-producing	40.8	41.3	41.3	41.4
Mining and logging	45.5	47.7	47.1	47.6
Construction	40.0	40.1	40.1	40.0
Manufacturing	41.0	41.8	41.8	42.0
Durable goods	41.2	42.3	42.3	42.5
Nondurable goods	40.8	40.9	41.0	41.3
Private service-providing	32.6	32.6	32.6	32.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.3	34.2	34.3	34.3
Wholesale trade	39.3	39.4	39.6	39.5
Retail trade	30.6	30.6	30.6	30.7
Transportation and warehousing	38.0	37.4	37.6	37.5
Utilities	42.4	42.8	43.4	42.8
Information	36.2	35.7	35.6	35.5
Financial activities	37.3	37.4	37.4	37.4
Professional and business services	36.6	36.6	36.6	36.6
Private education and health services	31.6	31.8	31.8	31.9
Leisure and hospitality	24.1	24.1	24.1	24.1
Other services	31.1	31.2	31.3	31.1
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.8	4.1	4.1	4.0
Durable goods	3.7	4.1	4.1	4.0
Nondurable goods	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.9
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)
Total private	$31.56	$32.42	$32.53	$32.60	$1,063.57	$1,095.80	$1,099.51	$1,101.88
Goods-producing	32.72	34.00	34.06	33.97	1,334.98	1,404.20	1,406.68	1,406.36
Mining and logging	37.49	38.77	38.87	39.00	1,705.80	1,849.33	1,830.78	1,856.40
Construction	37.57	39.16	39.24	39.20	1,502.80	1,570.32	1,573.52	1,568.00
Manufacturing	29.22	30.29	30.33	30.21	1,198.02	1,266.12	1,267.79	1,268.82
Durable goods	30.97	32.20	32.23	32.12	1,275.96	1,362.06	1,363.33	1,365.10
Nondurable goods	26.53	27.23	27.30	27.18	1,082.42	1,113.71	1,119.30	1,122.53
Private service-providing	31.33	32.10	32.22	32.33	1,021.36	1,046.46	1,050.37	1,053.96
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27.03	27.81	27.91	28.04	927.13	951.10	957.31	961.77
Wholesale trade	32.64	33.30	33.24	33.44	1,282.75	1,312.02	1,316.30	1,320.88
Retail trade	21.75	22.34	22.43	22.63	665.55	683.60	686.36	694.74
Transportation and warehousing	30.19	31.35	31.46	31.50	1,147.22	1,172.49	1,182.90	1,181.25
Utilities	46.54	49.10	49.78	49.49	1,973.30	2,101.48	2,160.45	2,118.17
Information	43.71	45.64	45.47	45.95	1,582.30	1,629.35	1,618.73	1,631.23
Financial activities	37.72	38.92	39.05	39.21	1,406.96	1,455.61	1,460.47	1,466.45
Professional and business services	37.42	38.50	38.68	38.76	1,369.57	1,409.10	1,415.69	1,418.62
Private education and health services	32.95	33.21	33.36	33.43	1,041.22	1,056.08	1,060.85	1,066.42
Leisure and hospitality	20.34	21.11	21.24	21.34	490.19	508.75	511.88	514.29
Other services	29.08	29.56	29.83	29.87	904.39	922.27	933.68	928.96
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2026 - Sept. 2026(p)	Sept. 2025	July 2026	Aug. 2026(p)	Sept. 2026(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2026 - Sept. 2026(p)
Total private	123.6	124.5	124.7	124.7	0.0	260.7	269.9	271.1	271.7	0.2
Goods-producing	95.0	96.4	96.4	96.8	0.4	190.4	200.7	201.1	201.2	0.0
Mining and logging	108.8	115.6	114.1	115.1	0.9	237.2	260.6	258.0	261.1	1.2
Construction	120.1	121.6	121.9	121.8	-0.1	243.7	257.1	258.2	257.9	-0.1
Manufacturing	82.8	84.1	84.0	84.4	0.5	158.2	166.5	166.6	166.7	0.1
Durable goods	82.0	84.6	84.5	85.0	0.6	158.5	170.0	170.0	170.4	0.2
Nondurable goods	84.1	82.9	83.1	83.5	0.5	157.6	159.5	160.3	160.4	0.1
Private service-providing	131.7	132.4	132.6	132.6	0.0	283.0	291.5	293.0	294.0	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	117.0	117.1	117.3	117.4	0.1	226.1	232.7	234.1	235.2	0.5
Wholesale trade	111.7	112.2	112.8	112.7	-0.1	215.1	220.5	221.3	222.3	0.5
Retail trade	103.2	103.9	103.7	104.0	0.3	192.5	199.0	199.4	201.9	1.3
Transportation and warehousing	167.0	163.7	164.7	164.3	-0.2	320.9	326.7	329.8	329.5	-0.1
Utilities	103.3	105.6	107.5	106.2	-1.2	200.7	216.5	223.3	219.3	-1.8
Information	94.0	89.9	89.3	88.9	-0.4	203.3	203.1	201.0	202.1	0.5
Financial activities	122.5	121.3	121.2	121.0	-0.2	284.2	290.4	291.1	291.8	0.2
Professional and business services	143.3	144.7	144.8	144.8	0.0	318.9	331.4	333.2	333.8	0.2
Private education and health services	162.4	166.2	166.5	167.1	0.4	353.2	364.3	366.5	368.7	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	129.6	129.2	130.2	130.1	-0.1	299.3	309.8	314.0	315.3	0.4
Other services	106.4	106.9	107.5	106.9	-0.6	225.5	230.3	233.7	232.7	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.