Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-24-2052
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 4, 2024

Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 * cesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- SEPTEMBER 2024

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 254,000 in September, and the unemployment rate
changed little at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment
continued to trend up in food services and drinking places, health care, government, social
assistance, and construction.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

____________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Hurricane Francine |
| |
| Hurricane Francine made landfall in southern Louisiana on September 11, 2024, during the |
| reference periods for both the household and establishment surveys. Our analysis suggests |
| that Hurricane Francine had no discernible effect on national payroll employment, hours, |
| and earnings from the establishment survey, or the national unemployment rate from the |
| household survey. Response rates for the two surveys were within normal ranges for |
| September. For information on how unusually severe weather can affect employment and |
| hours estimates, see the Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release. |
| |
| BLS will release the state estimates of employment and unemployment for September on |
| October 22, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). |
|____________________________________________________________________________________________|

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.1 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 6.8
million, changed little in September. These measures are higher than a year earlier, when the
jobless rate was 3.8 percent, and the number of unemployed people was 6.3 million. (See table
A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men (3.7 percent) decreased in
September. The jobless rates for adult women (3.6 percent), teenagers (14.3 percent), Whites
(3.6 percent), Blacks (5.7 percent), Asians (4.1 percent), and Hispanics (5.1 percent) showed
little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of people jobless less than 5 weeks decreased by 322,000 to 2.1 million in September.
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed over
the month at 1.6 million. This measure is up from 1.3 million a year earlier. In September, the
long-term unemployed accounted for 23.7 percent of all unemployed people. (See table A-12.)

In September, the labor force participation rate was 62.7 percent for the third consecutive
month, and the employment-population ratio was little changed at 60.2 percent. Both measures
changed little over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons changed little at 4.6 million in
September. This measure is up from 4.1 million a year earlier. These individuals would have
preferred full-time employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced
or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 5.7 million, changed
little in September. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not
actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take
a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force increased by 204,000 to 1.6 million in September. These individuals wanted
and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had
not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a
subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, changed
little at 445,000 in September. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 254,000 in September, higher than the average
monthly gain of 203,000 over the prior 12 months. In September, employment continued to trend
up in food services and drinking places, health care, government, social assistance, and
construction. (See table B-1.)

Employment in food services and drinking places rose by 69,000 in September, well above the
average monthly gain of 14,000 over the prior 12 months.

Health care added 45,000 jobs in September, below the average monthly gain of 57,000 over the
prior 12 months. Over the month, employment rose in home health care services (+13,000),
hospitals (+12,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+9,000).

Employment in government continued its upward trend in September (+31,000). Government had an
average monthly gain of 45,000 jobs over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment
continued to trend up in local government (+16,000) and state government (+13,000).

Employment in social assistance increased by 27,000 in September, primarily in individual and
family services (+21,000). Over the prior 12 months, social assistance had added an average of
21,000 jobs per month.

Construction employment continued to trend up in September (+25,000), similar to the average
monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+19,000). Over the month, nonresidential specialty
trade contractors added 17,000 jobs.

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; financial activities; professional and business
services; and other services.

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased
by 13 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $35.36. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 4.0 percent. In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production
and nonsupervisory employees increased by 8 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $30.33. (See tables B-3
and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to
34.2 hours in September. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.0 hours,
and overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2
and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 55,000, from +89,000
to +144,000, and the change for August was revised up by 17,000, from +142,000 to +159,000.
With these revisions, employment in July and August combined is 72,000 higher than previously
reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and
government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal
factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 1, 2024,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Change from: Aug. 2024- Sept. 2024
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,428	268,644	268,856	269,080	224
Civilian labor force	167,897	168,429	168,549	168,699	150
Participation rate	62.8	62.7	62.7	62.7	0.0
Employed	161,550	161,266	161,434	161,864	430
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.0	60.0	60.2	0.2
Unemployed	6,347	7,163	7,115	6,834	-281
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.3	4.2	4.1	-0.1
Not in labor force	99,531	100,215	100,306	100,381	75

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.8	4.3	4.2	4.1	-0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.8	4.0	4.0	3.7	-0.3
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.1	3.8	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	11.8	12.4	14.1	14.3	0.2
White	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.6	-0.2
Black or African American	5.7	6.3	6.1	5.7	-0.4
Asian	2.9	3.7	4.1	4.1	0.0
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.6	5.3	5.5	5.1	-0.4

Total, 25 years and over	3.0	3.5	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Less than a high school diploma	5.5	6.7	7.1	6.8	-0.3
High school graduates, no college	4.1	4.6	4.0	4.0	0.0
Some college or associate degree	3.0	3.5	3.4	3.4	0.0
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.3	-0.2

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,869	3,490	3,328	3,233	-95
Job leavers	797	855	845	818	-27
Reentrants	2,024	2,160	2,132	2,046	-86
New entrants	586	650	718	662	-56

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,053	2,351	2,468	2,146	-322
5 to 14 weeks	2,043	2,141	2,019	1,982	-37
15 to 26 weeks	985	1,087	1,167	1,119	-48
27 weeks and over	1,303	1,535	1,533	1,630	97

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,069	4,566	4,830	4,624	-206
Slack work or business conditions	2,799	2,985	3,303	2,999	-304
Could only find part-time work	940	1,195	1,144	1,274	130
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,177	22,036	22,561	22,566	5

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,442	1,571	1,401	1,605	204
Discouraged workers	372	405	367	445	78
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	246	144	159	254
Total private	196	99	114	223
Goods-producing	27	21	5	21
Mining and logging	1	1	1	3
Construction	13	14	31	25
Manufacturing	13	6	-27	-7
Durable goods(1)	9	5	-30	-3
Motor vehicles and parts	10.1	4.8	-13.4	-6.5
Nondurable goods	4	1	3	-4
Private service-providing	169	78	109	202
Wholesale trade	11.7	5.4	0.4	1.9
Retail trade	18.2	-3.6	-8.8	15.6
Transportation and warehousing	9.2	-1.6	3.2	-8.6
Utilities	2.0	0.4	0.3	3.4
Information	11	-16	-7	4
Financial activities	0	-4	10	5
Professional and business services(1)	-1	-4	-4	17
Temporary help services	-21.6	-19.1	-6.5	-13.8
Private education and health services(1)	81	67	60	81
Health care and social assistance	81.2	63.7	53.9	71.7
Leisure and hospitality	27	38	53	78
Other services	9	-3	2	4
Government	50	45	45	31

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	213	159	140	186
Total private	165	134	103	145

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.8
Total private women employees	48.4	48.3	48.3	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.3	81.4	81.4	81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.2	34.3	34.2
Average hourly earnings	$34.01	$35.07	$35.23	$35.36
Average weekly earnings	$1,169.94	$1,199.39	$1,208.39	$1,209.31
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.5	116.2	116.6	116.5
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	-0.3	0.3	-0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	187.8	194.8	196.5	196.9
Over-the-month percent change	0.4	0.0	0.9	0.2

DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	60.4	49.2	51.8	57.6
Manufacturing (72 industries)	47.9	41.7	38.9	42.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on
payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 119,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 629,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,428	268,856	269,080	267,428	268,248	268,438	268,644	268,856	269,080
Civilian labor force	167,718	168,763	168,569	167,897	167,732	168,009	168,429	168,549	168,699
Participation rate	62.7	62.8	62.6	62.8	62.5	62.6	62.7	62.7	62.7
Employed	161,669	161,348	162,046	161,550	161,083	161,199	161,266	161,434	161,864
Employment-population ratio	60.5	60.0	60.2	60.4	60.1	60.1	60.0	60.0	60.2
Unemployed	6,049	7,415	6,524	6,347	6,649	6,811	7,163	7,115	6,834
Unemployment rate	3.6	4.4	3.9	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.1
Not in labor force	99,710	100,092	100,511	99,531	100,516	100,429	100,215	100,306	100,381
Persons who currently want a job	5,299	5,749	5,591	5,424	5,717	5,234	5,600	5,637	5,697

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,713	131,077	131,186	130,713	130,782	130,875	130,975	131,077	131,186
Civilian labor force	89,159	89,138	89,209	89,335	88,619	89,171	89,293	88,950	89,308
Participation rate	68.2	68.0	68.0	68.3	67.8	68.1	68.2	67.9	68.1
Employed	85,745	85,379	85,754	85,657	84,882	85,514	85,390	85,075	85,596
Employment-population ratio	65.6	65.1	65.4	65.5	64.9	65.3	65.2	64.9	65.2
Unemployed	3,414	3,759	3,455	3,678	3,737	3,657	3,903	3,875	3,712
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.4	4.2
Not in labor force	41,553	41,939	41,978	41,378	42,163	41,704	41,682	42,127	41,878

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,931	122,118	122,221	121,931	121,844	121,929	122,021	122,118	122,221
Civilian labor force	86,086	85,816	86,045	86,124	85,229	85,846	86,054	85,857	86,006
Participation rate	70.6	70.3	70.4	70.6	69.9	70.4	70.5	70.3	70.4
Employed	83,057	82,552	83,091	82,853	81,986	82,618	82,576	82,452	82,815
Employment-population ratio	68.1	67.6	68.0	68.0	67.3	67.8	67.7	67.5	67.8
Unemployed	3,029	3,264	2,955	3,271	3,243	3,227	3,477	3,405	3,192
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.8	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.0	3.7
Not in labor force	35,845	36,302	36,175	35,807	36,615	36,083	35,968	36,261	36,215

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	136,715	137,779	137,894	136,715	137,465	137,564	137,669	137,779	137,894
Civilian labor force	78,559	79,626	79,361	78,562	79,113	78,838	79,136	79,599	79,391
Participation rate	57.5	57.8	57.6	57.5	57.6	57.3	57.5	57.8	57.6
Employed	75,924	75,970	76,292	75,893	76,201	75,684	75,876	76,359	76,268
Employment-population ratio	55.5	55.1	55.3	55.5	55.4	55.0	55.1	55.4	55.3
Unemployed	2,634	3,656	3,069	2,669	2,912	3,154	3,260	3,240	3,123
Unemployment rate	3.4	4.6	3.9	3.4	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.9
Not in labor force	58,156	58,153	58,533	58,153	58,353	58,725	58,533	58,179	58,503

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,237	129,125	129,236	128,237	128,830	128,922	129,021	129,125	129,236
Civilian labor force	75,602	76,216	76,264	75,453	75,812	75,587	75,968	76,411	76,134
Participation rate	59.0	59.0	59.0	58.8	58.8	58.6	58.9	59.2	58.9
Employed	73,292	73,014	73,598	73,119	73,226	72,798	73,078	73,589	73,426
Employment-population ratio	57.2	56.5	56.9	57.0	56.8	56.5	56.6	57.0	56.8
Unemployed	2,310	3,202	2,667	2,333	2,586	2,788	2,890	2,822	2,708
Unemployment rate	3.1	4.2	3.5	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.6
Not in labor force	52,635	52,909	52,972	52,784	53,018	53,335	53,052	52,714	53,102

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,260	17,612	17,623	17,260	17,574	17,588	17,602	17,612	17,623
Civilian labor force	6,030	6,731	6,260	6,321	6,692	6,577	6,407	6,281	6,559
Participation rate	34.9	38.2	35.5	36.6	38.1	37.4	36.4	35.7	37.2
Employed	5,321	5,782	5,357	5,578	5,871	5,782	5,612	5,393	5,624
Employment-population ratio	30.8	32.8	30.4	32.3	33.4	32.9	31.9	30.6	31.9
Unemployed	710	949	902	743	821	795	795	888	935
Unemployment rate	11.8	14.1	14.4	11.8	12.3	12.1	12.4	14.1	14.3
Not in labor force	11,230	10,881	11,364	10,939	10,882	11,011	11,195	11,332	11,064
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	204,756	205,222	205,338	204,756	204,917	205,010	205,114	205,222	205,338
Civilian labor force	127,706	128,107	128,149	127,755	127,384	127,552	127,887	127,939	128,168
Participation rate	62.4	62.4	62.4	62.4	62.2	62.2	62.3	62.3	62.4
Employed	123,547	123,013	123,659	123,403	122,922	123,095	123,032	123,049	123,490
Employment-population ratio	60.3	59.9	60.2	60.3	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.1
Unemployed	4,160	5,094	4,490	4,352	4,462	4,457	4,854	4,890	4,677
Unemployment rate	3.3	4.0	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.6
Not in labor force	77,049	77,115	77,189	77,001	77,533	77,457	77,228	77,282	77,171
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,622	66,277	66,445	66,615	65,797	66,154	66,313	66,282	66,385
Participation rate	70.3	70.0	70.2	70.3	69.6	70.0	70.1	70.0	70.1
Employed	64,514	64,002	64,353	64,313	63,588	64,011	64,005	63,910	64,114
Employment-population ratio	68.1	67.6	67.9	67.9	67.3	67.7	67.6	67.5	67.7
Unemployed	2,108	2,275	2,091	2,302	2,208	2,143	2,308	2,372	2,271
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.6	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,503	56,606	56,837	56,349	56,441	56,268	56,529	56,777	56,693
Participation rate	58.0	57.9	58.1	57.8	57.8	57.6	57.8	58.0	57.9
Employed	54,912	54,432	55,096	54,767	54,752	54,505	54,583	54,866	54,947
Employment-population ratio	56.3	55.6	56.3	56.2	56.0	55.8	55.8	56.1	56.1
Unemployed	1,592	2,175	1,741	1,583	1,689	1,763	1,946	1,911	1,747
Unemployment rate	2.8	3.8	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.4	3.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,581	5,223	4,867	4,790	5,146	5,131	5,044	4,880	5,089
Participation rate	36.6	41.1	38.3	38.2	40.5	40.4	39.7	38.4	40.0
Employed	4,121	4,579	4,209	4,323	4,582	4,580	4,444	4,273	4,429
Employment-population ratio	32.9	36.0	33.1	34.5	36.1	36.0	34.9	33.6	34.8
Unemployed	460	644	657	467	564	551	600	607	660
Unemployment rate	10.0	12.3	13.5	9.8	11.0	10.7	11.9	12.4	13.0

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,751	35,053	35,092	34,751	34,949	34,982	35,017	35,053	35,092
Civilian labor force	21,808	22,045	21,974	21,900	21,986	21,942	22,124	21,984	22,062
Participation rate	62.8	62.9	62.6	63.0	62.9	62.7	63.2	62.7	62.9
Employed	20,622	20,618	20,780	20,650	20,643	20,570	20,739	20,639	20,801
Employment-population ratio	59.3	58.8	59.2	59.4	59.1	58.8	59.2	58.9	59.3
Unemployed	1,186	1,427	1,194	1,251	1,343	1,372	1,385	1,344	1,262
Unemployment rate	5.4	6.5	5.4	5.7	6.1	6.3	6.3	6.1	5.7
Not in labor force	12,943	13,009	13,118	12,851	12,963	13,040	12,893	13,070	13,030
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,197	10,178	10,355	10,201	10,150	10,269	10,370	10,153	10,349
Participation rate	68.7	68.3	69.4	68.8	68.3	69.1	69.7	68.2	69.4
Employed	9,650	9,590	9,849	9,631	9,497	9,643	9,681	9,551	9,817
Employment-population ratio	65.0	64.4	66.0	64.9	63.9	64.9	65.1	64.1	65.8
Unemployed	547	588	506	570	654	626	689	602	532
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.8	4.9	5.6	6.4	6.1	6.6	5.9	5.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,861	11,078	10,906	10,890	10,994	10,906	11,029	11,084	10,944
Participation rate	62.5	63.2	62.1	62.7	62.9	62.3	63.0	63.2	62.4
Employed	10,394	10,381	10,346	10,403	10,421	10,289	10,428	10,474	10,358
Employment-population ratio	59.8	59.2	59.0	59.9	59.6	58.8	59.5	59.7	59.0
Unemployed	467	696	560	487	572	617	601	610	585
Unemployment rate	4.3	6.3	5.1	4.5	5.2	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	750	789	713	809	842	767	725	747	770
Participation rate	29.5	30.0	27.1	31.7	32.2	29.3	27.6	28.4	29.3
Employed	579	647	585	615	725	637	630	614	625
Employment-population ratio	22.7	24.6	22.2	24.2	27.7	24.3	24.0	23.4	23.8
Unemployed	172	142	128	193	117	130	95	133	145
Unemployment rate	22.9	18.0	18.0	23.9	13.9	16.9	13.1	17.7	18.8

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,633	17,973	17,902	17,633	17,993	18,052	17,971	17,973	17,902
Civilian labor force	11,611	11,817	11,682	11,587	11,754	11,888	11,814	11,755	11,683
Participation rate	65.8	65.7	65.3	65.7	65.3	65.9	65.7	65.4	65.3
Employed	11,288	11,309	11,206	11,255	11,393	11,400	11,383	11,269	11,202
Employment-population ratio	64.0	62.9	62.6	63.8	63.3	63.2	63.3	62.7	62.6
Unemployed	323	508	476	332	361	488	431	486	481
Unemployment rate	2.8	4.3	4.1	2.9	3.1	4.1	3.7	4.1	4.1
Not in labor force	6,023	6,156	6,220	6,047	6,239	6,163	6,158	6,218	6,219
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	47,774	49,071	49,180	47,774	48,764	48,864	48,966	49,071	49,180
Civilian labor force	32,099	33,273	33,083	32,115	32,815	33,002	32,946	33,264	33,172
Participation rate	67.2	67.8	67.3	67.2	67.3	67.5	67.3	67.8	67.4
Employed	30,706	31,418	31,481	30,637	31,185	31,388	31,191	31,443	31,484
Employment-population ratio	64.3	64.0	64.0	64.1	64.0	64.2	63.7	64.1	64.0
Unemployed	1,393	1,856	1,602	1,478	1,630	1,614	1,755	1,822	1,687
Unemployment rate	4.3	5.6	4.8	4.6	5.0	4.9	5.3	5.5	5.1
Not in labor force	15,675	15,798	16,097	15,659	15,949	15,862	16,020	15,807	16,008
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,246	17,839	17,677	17,256	17,592	17,769	17,710	17,834	17,697
Participation rate	79.5	80.4	79.5	79.5	79.8	80.5	80.0	80.4	79.6
Employed	16,586	17,004	17,039	16,520	16,767	17,023	16,923	16,980	16,978
Employment-population ratio	76.4	76.7	76.7	76.1	76.1	77.1	76.5	76.6	76.4
Unemployed	660	834	638	736	826	746	786	854	720
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.7	3.6	4.3	4.7	4.2	4.4	4.8	4.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,395	13,904	13,912	13,355	13,582	13,555	13,690	13,921	13,924
Participation rate	61.9	62.4	62.3	61.7	61.3	61.1	61.6	62.5	62.3
Employed	12,826	13,175	13,250	12,785	13,032	12,951	12,949	13,223	13,262
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.1	59.3	59.0	58.9	58.4	58.2	59.3	59.4
Unemployed	569	729	662	570	550	604	741	698	663
Unemployment rate	4.2	5.2	4.8	4.3	4.1	4.5	5.4	5.0	4.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,457	1,531	1,495	1,504	1,641	1,678	1,546	1,509	1,550
Participation rate	33.0	33.2	32.4	34.1	35.8	36.5	33.6	32.7	33.6
Employed	1,293	1,238	1,192	1,332	1,386	1,414	1,319	1,239	1,245
Employment-population ratio	29.3	26.9	25.8	30.2	30.2	30.8	28.7	26.9	27.0
Unemployed	164	293	302	172	254	264	227	269	305
Unemployment rate	11.3	19.1	20.2	11.4	15.5	15.7	14.7	17.8	19.7
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,287	9,418	9,355	9,203	9,046	9,145	9,199	9,452	9,262
Participation rate	47.5	47.9	48.1	47.0	46.0	47.0	49.0	48.1	47.6
Employed	8,865	8,807	8,802	8,698	8,515	8,604	8,583	8,785	8,630
Employment-population ratio	45.3	44.8	45.3	44.4	43.3	44.2	45.7	44.7	44.4
Unemployed	422	611	553	506	531	541	616	667	632
Unemployment rate	4.5	6.5	5.9	5.5	5.9	5.9	6.7	7.1	6.8

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,416	36,972	36,408	36,198	36,340	36,235	36,721	36,840	36,214
Participation rate	57.2	57.1	57.0	56.8	56.8	57.0	57.0	56.9	56.7
Employed	34,993	35,508	35,031	34,708	34,785	34,709	35,015	35,357	34,770
Employment-population ratio	54.9	54.8	54.8	54.5	54.4	54.6	54.3	54.6	54.4
Unemployed	1,423	1,464	1,377	1,490	1,555	1,526	1,707	1,482	1,444
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.0	3.8	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.6	4.0	4.0

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,016	35,239	35,990	35,918	35,610	35,569	35,688	35,578	35,899
Participation rate	62.9	62.9	63.3	62.7	63.1	62.7	63.0	63.5	63.1
Employed	34,976	33,939	34,808	34,843	34,517	34,353	34,425	34,352	34,680
Employment-population ratio	61.1	60.6	61.2	60.8	61.1	60.5	60.8	61.3	61.0
Unemployed	1,041	1,300	1,182	1,076	1,092	1,216	1,263	1,226	1,219
Unemployment rate	2.9	3.7	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	64,285	65,080	65,527	64,234	64,994	65,352	65,256	65,291	65,465
Participation rate	73.5	72.8	72.9	73.4	72.8	72.8	72.7	73.0	72.9
Employed	62,946	63,217	64,073	62,851	63,622	63,800	63,724	63,653	63,962
Employment-population ratio	71.9	70.7	71.3	71.8	71.3	71.1	71.0	71.2	71.2
Unemployed	1,340	1,864	1,454	1,383	1,372	1,552	1,532	1,639	1,503
Unemployment rate	2.1	2.9	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.3
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,856	17,509	15,812	15,455	2,044	2,054
Civilian labor force	8,488	8,445	7,293	7,250	1,195	1,195
Participation rate	47.5	48.2	46.1	46.9	58.5	58.2
Employed	8,189	8,215	7,047	7,072	1,141	1,143
Employment-population ratio	45.9	46.9	44.6	45.8	55.8	55.6
Unemployed	299	230	245	178	54	52
Unemployment rate	3.5	2.7	3.4	2.5	4.5	4.3
Not in labor force	9,368	9,064	8,519	8,205	849	859

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,068	5,300	4,120	4,333	948	967
Civilian labor force	3,952	4,217	3,238	3,517	714	700
Participation rate	78.0	79.6	78.6	81.2	75.3	72.3
Employed	3,752	4,110	3,071	3,435	681	675
Employment-population ratio	74.0	77.5	74.5	79.3	71.8	69.7
Unemployed	200	107	167	82	33	25
Unemployment rate	5.1	2.5	5.2	2.3	4.6	3.6
Not in labor force	1,116	1,083	882	815	234	268

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,961	2,875	2,534	2,435	427	440
Civilian labor force	2,082	1,943	1,812	1,666	270	277
Participation rate	70.3	67.6	71.5	68.4	63.1	63.1
Employed	2,031	1,888	1,763	1,628	268	259
Employment-population ratio	68.6	65.7	69.6	66.9	62.7	58.9
Unemployed	51	55	49	37	2	18
Unemployment rate	2.4	2.8	2.7	2.2	0.7	6.5
Not in labor force	879	932	722	770	157	162

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,918	5,577	5,667	5,340	251	237
Civilian labor force	802	704	768	673	35	31
Participation rate	13.6	12.6	13.5	12.6	13.8	13.2
Employed	786	686	759	656	27	30
Employment-population ratio	13.3	12.3	13.4	12.3	10.9	12.7
Unemployed	16	18	9	17	7	1
Unemployment rate	2.0	2.6	1.2	2.5	-	-
Not in labor force	5,116	4,873	4,899	4,667	216	206

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,909	3,757	3,491	3,347	418	410
Civilian labor force	1,651	1,580	1,474	1,394	177	186
Participation rate	42.2	42.1	42.2	41.7	42.3	45.4
Employed	1,620	1,531	1,454	1,352	165	179
Employment-population ratio	41.4	40.8	41.7	40.4	39.6	43.7
Unemployed	32	49	20	42	12	7
Unemployment rate	1.9	3.1	1.4	3.0	6.5	3.7
Not in labor force	2,258	2,177	2,017	1,953	241	224

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	240,361	242,028	110,172	110,883	130,189	131,145
Civilian labor force	156,823	157,579	80,635	80,719	76,188	76,860
Participation rate	65.2	65.1	73.2	72.8	58.5	58.6
Employed	151,346	151,614	77,634	77,630	73,712	73,985
Employment-population ratio	63.0	62.6	70.5	70.0	56.6	56.4
Unemployed	5,477	5,965	3,001	3,089	2,476	2,876
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.2	3.7
Not in labor force	83,538	84,449	29,537	30,165	54,002	54,285
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,146	33,660	233,282	235,420
Civilian labor force	8,275	8,243	159,443	160,327
Participation rate	24.2	24.5	68.3	68.1
Employed	7,674	7,646	153,995	154,400
Employment-population ratio	22.5	22.7	66.0	65.6
Unemployed	601	597	5,447	5,927
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.2	3.4	3.7
Not in labor force	25,871	25,417	73,839	75,093

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,543	3,445	79,399	79,242
Participation rate	41.9	42.4	83.0	82.8
Employed	3,278	3,155	76,409	76,242
Employment-population ratio	38.7	38.9	79.9	79.7
Unemployed	265	290	2,991	3,000
Unemployment rate	7.5	8.4	3.8	3.8
Not in labor force	4,916	4,674	16,260	16,414

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,313	3,381	70,044	70,502
Participation rate	38.8	39.2	72.9	73.0
Employed	3,045	3,129	67,809	67,832
Employment-population ratio	35.6	36.3	70.5	70.2
Unemployed	268	252	2,234	2,670
Unemployment rate	8.1	7.5	3.2	3.8
Not in labor force	5,234	5,247	26,089	26,067

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,419	1,417	10,000	10,582
Participation rate	8.3	8.4	24.1	24.5
Employed	1,351	1,361	9,777	10,326
Employment-population ratio	7.9	8.0	23.6	23.9
Unemployed	68	55	222	256
Unemployment rate	4.8	3.9	2.2	2.4
Not in labor force	15,721	15,497	31,490	32,612
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	46,707	48,800	22,753	24,105	23,953	24,695
Civilian labor force	31,336	32,781	17,769	18,766	13,567	14,015
Participation rate	67.1	67.2	78.1	77.9	56.6	56.8
Employed	30,213	31,414	17,154	18,142	13,059	13,272
Employment-population ratio	64.7	64.4	75.4	75.3	54.5	53.7
Unemployed	1,123	1,368	615	624	508	744
Unemployment rate	3.6	4.2	3.5	3.3	3.7	5.3
Not in labor force	15,371	16,018	4,985	5,339	10,386	10,680

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	220,721	220,280	107,959	107,081	112,762	113,199
Civilian labor force	136,382	135,788	71,391	70,442	64,992	65,346
Participation rate	61.8	61.6	66.1	65.8	57.6	57.7
Employed	131,457	130,632	68,591	67,612	62,865	63,020
Employment-population ratio	59.6	59.3	63.5	63.1	55.8	55.7
Unemployed	4,926	5,156	2,799	2,831	2,126	2,325
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.3	3.6
Not in labor force	84,339	84,492	36,569	36,639	47,770	47,853
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,288	2,393	2,273	2,286	2,221	2,379	2,273	2,327	2,267
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,551	1,719	1,648	1,563	1,504	1,666	1,595	1,659	1,641
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	699	652	617	694	657	655	641	630	614
Unpaid family workers	39	22	8	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	159,381	158,955	159,772	159,306	158,919	158,984	159,100	159,108	159,635
Wage and salary workers(1)	150,233	149,379	150,426	150,134	149,413	149,846	149,789	149,476	150,298
Government	21,480	20,854	22,176	21,618	21,613	21,560	21,607	21,431	22,216
Private industries	128,753	128,526	128,251	128,558	127,746	128,300	128,166	127,962	128,095
Private households	665	613	654	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	128,089	127,913	127,597	127,958	127,072	127,646	127,515	127,371	127,450
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,114	9,545	9,300	9,043	9,408	9,025	9,191	9,475	9,235
Unpaid family workers	33	31	46	-	-	-	-	-	-

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	3,742	4,757	4,297	4,069	4,419	4,220	4,566	4,830	4,624
Slack work or business conditions	2,608	3,203	2,807	2,799	3,086	2,832	2,985	3,303	2,999
Could only find part-time work	940	1,133	1,298	940	1,042	1,144	1,195	1,144	1,274
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,309	21,050	22,704	22,177	22,662	22,341	22,036	22,561	22,566
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	3,698	4,677	4,227	3,988	4,340	4,138	4,491	4,737	4,518
Slack work or business conditions	2,579	3,157	2,751	2,753	3,036	2,778	2,937	3,261	2,928
Could only find part-time work	930	1,108	1,298	930	1,028	1,134	1,188	1,124	1,271
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,883	20,682	22,374	21,752	22,285	21,947	21,681	22,170	22,232
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	161,669	161,348	162,046	161,550	161,083	161,199	161,266	161,434	161,864
16 to 19 years	5,321	5,782	5,357	5,578	5,871	5,782	5,612	5,393	5,624
16 to 17 years	2,134	2,275	2,217	2,121	2,153	2,207	2,139	2,034	2,193
18 to 19 years	3,186	3,508	3,141	3,432	3,733	3,556	3,418	3,327	3,398
20 years and over	156,349	155,566	156,688	155,972	155,212	155,417	155,654	156,041	156,240
20 to 24 years	14,569	14,096	13,975	14,684	13,945	14,050	14,081	13,917	14,075
25 years and over	141,780	141,470	142,713	141,218	141,385	141,364	141,594	141,988	142,147
25 to 54 years	103,831	103,757	104,493	103,515	103,919	103,874	104,120	104,144	104,192
25 to 34 years	36,008	35,324	35,634	35,945	35,694	35,645	35,569	35,495	35,572
35 to 44 years	35,625	36,227	36,567	35,501	36,121	36,147	36,270	36,332	36,456
45 to 54 years	32,199	32,206	32,293	32,069	32,105	32,081	32,281	32,317	32,164
55 years and over	37,949	37,713	38,220	37,704	37,466	37,491	37,475	37,844	37,955

Men, 16 years and over	85,745	85,379	85,754	85,657	84,882	85,514	85,390	85,075	85,596
16 to 19 years	2,688	2,827	2,663	2,804	2,896	2,896	2,814	2,623	2,781
16 to 17 years	1,064	1,098	1,052	1,061	996	1,061	1,045	967	1,041
18 to 19 years	1,624	1,728	1,611	1,725	1,915	1,818	1,720	1,616	1,719
20 years and over	83,057	82,552	83,091	82,853	81,986	82,618	82,576	82,452	82,815
20 to 24 years	7,248	7,236	7,164	7,316	7,110	7,218	7,160	7,071	7,219
25 years and over	75,809	75,316	75,927	75,452	74,943	75,358	75,412	75,279	75,555
25 to 54 years	55,489	55,208	55,471	55,279	54,970	55,294	55,378	55,162	55,262
25 to 34 years	19,175	18,810	18,918	19,120	18,872	18,992	19,033	18,831	18,864
35 to 44 years	19,188	19,359	19,525	19,112	19,210	19,304	19,371	19,322	19,450
45 to 54 years	17,126	17,039	17,028	17,047	16,888	16,998	16,973	17,010	16,948
55 years and over	20,319	20,109	20,456	20,173	19,973	20,063	20,035	20,117	20,293

Women, 16 years and over	75,924	75,970	76,292	75,893	76,201	75,684	75,876	76,359	76,268
16 to 19 years	2,633	2,956	2,694	2,774	2,975	2,886	2,798	2,770	2,842
16 to 17 years	1,071	1,176	1,164	1,061	1,158	1,145	1,095	1,067	1,152
18 to 19 years	1,562	1,780	1,530	1,707	1,818	1,739	1,698	1,712	1,680
20 years and over	73,292	73,014	73,598	73,119	73,226	72,798	73,078	73,589	73,426
20 to 24 years	7,321	6,860	6,811	7,368	6,835	6,833	6,921	6,846	6,856
25 years and over	65,971	66,154	66,786	65,766	66,442	66,007	66,182	66,709	66,591
25 to 54 years	48,342	48,550	49,022	48,236	48,950	48,579	48,742	48,982	48,930
25 to 34 years	16,832	16,515	16,716	16,825	16,822	16,653	16,536	16,665	16,708
35 to 44 years	16,437	16,868	17,042	16,389	16,910	16,843	16,899	17,010	17,005
45 to 54 years	15,073	15,167	15,264	15,022	15,217	15,083	15,308	15,307	15,216
55 years and over	17,629	17,604	17,764	17,530	17,492	17,427	17,440	17,727	17,661

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	46,588	45,826	46,371	46,338	45,712	45,902	46,060	45,952	46,053
Married women, spouse present(1)	37,300	36,949	37,600	37,198	37,020	36,964	36,981	37,341	37,469
Women who maintain families(2)	9,882	10,130	9,852	-	-	-	-	-	-

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	134,560	134,396	134,145	134,145	133,264	133,236	133,684	133,246	133,660
Part-time workers(4)	27,109	26,953	27,901	27,348	28,004	28,054	27,729	28,256	28,161

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,146	8,236	8,648	8,173	8,399	8,340	8,473	8,538	8,659
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.1	5.3	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.3

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,684	6,911	7,174	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,813	10,197	9,917	9,737	10,065	9,681	9,831	10,105	9,849
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,347	7,115	6,834	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.1
16 to 19 years	743	888	935	11.8	12.3	12.1	12.4	14.1	14.3
16 to 17 years	311	363	369	12.8	13.6	12.6	11.3	15.1	14.4
18 to 19 years	431	533	559	11.1	11.4	11.8	13.5	13.8	14.1
20 years and over	5,604	6,227	5,899	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.6
20 to 24 years	1,104	1,184	1,054	7.0	7.9	7.5	7.7	7.8	7.0
25 years and over	4,431	4,997	4,795	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3
25 to 54 years	3,423	3,850	3,702	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.4
25 to 34 years	1,492	1,667	1,531	4.0	4.1	4.4	4.8	4.5	4.1
35 to 44 years	1,015	1,296	1,276	2.8	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.4
45 to 54 years	916	887	895	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.7
55 years and over	1,028	1,154	1,107	2.7	2.7	2.8	3.1	3.0	2.8

Men, 16 years and over	3,678	3,875	3,712	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.4	4.2
16 to 19 years	407	470	520	12.7	14.6	12.9	13.1	15.2	15.8
16 to 17 years	192	205	209	15.4	16.6	12.3	10.5	17.5	16.7
18 to 19 years	223	270	315	11.4	13.0	13.3	15.2	14.3	15.5
20 years and over	3,271	3,405	3,192	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.0	3.7
20 to 24 years	663	644	573	8.3	8.3	8.0	7.9	8.3	7.3
25 years and over	2,575	2,718	2,604	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.3
25 to 54 years	2,053	2,033	1,989	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.5
25 to 34 years	913	888	826	4.6	4.3	4.3	4.7	4.5	4.2
35 to 44 years	589	659	677	3.0	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.4
45 to 54 years	550	487	485	3.1	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8
55 years and over	522	686	615	2.5	2.7	2.8	3.3	3.3	2.9

Women, 16 years and over	2,669	3,240	3,123	3.4	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.9
16 to 19 years	336	418	415	10.8	9.9	11.2	11.7	13.1	12.7
16 to 17 years	119	158	160	10.1	10.8	12.8	12.1	12.9	12.2
18 to 19 years	208	263	243	10.8	9.7	10.1	11.7	13.3	12.7
20 years and over	2,333	2,822	2,708	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.6
20 to 24 years	441	540	482	5.6	7.4	7.0	7.4	7.3	6.6
25 years and over	1,857	2,279	2,191	2.7	3.0	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.2
25 to 54 years	1,370	1,817	1,713	2.8	3.1	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.4
25 to 34 years	579	780	705	3.3	3.7	4.6	4.9	4.5	4.0
35 to 44 years	426	637	599	2.5	3.1	3.4	2.9	3.6	3.4
45 to 54 years	366	400	410	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.9	2.5	2.6
55 years and over	492	477	479	2.7	2.7	2.9	2.9	2.6	2.6

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	985	1,007	1,006	2.1	1.9	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.1
Married women, spouse present(1)	809	917	930	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4
Women who maintain families(2)	415	601	482	4.0	4.4	6.2	5.6	5.6	4.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,061	5,757	5,533	3.6	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0
Part-time workers(4)	1,231	1,357	1,246	4.3	4.0	4.2	4.7	4.6	4.2
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,522	3,431	2,879	2,869	3,220	3,176	3,490	3,328	3,233
On temporary layoff	478	922	557	813	836	813	1,062	872	894
Not on temporary layoff	2,044	2,510	2,322	2,056	2,384	2,362	2,427	2,456	2,340
Permanent job losers	1,409	1,743	1,667	1,421	1,764	1,643	1,682	1,688	1,682
Persons who completed temporary jobs	634	766	655	636	620	719	746	768	658
Job leavers	859	923	884	797	717	752	855	845	818
Reentrants	2,114	2,239	2,131	2,024	2,046	2,094	2,160	2,132	2,046
New entrants	553	821	630	586	630	708	650	718	662

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	41.7	46.3	44.1	45.7	48.7	47.2	48.8	47.4	47.8
On temporary layoff	7.9	12.4	8.5	13.0	12.6	12.1	14.8	12.4	13.2
Not on temporary layoff	33.8	33.8	35.6	32.8	36.0	35.1	33.9	35.0	34.6
Job leavers	14.2	12.4	13.6	12.7	10.8	11.2	11.9	12.0	12.1
Reentrants	34.9	30.2	32.7	32.3	30.9	31.1	30.2	30.4	30.3
New entrants	9.1	11.1	9.7	9.3	9.5	10.5	9.1	10.2	9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2
New entrants	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,023	2,442	2,095	2,053	2,309	2,128	2,351	2,468	2,146
5 to 14 weeks	1,865	2,395	1,803	2,043	1,918	2,102	2,141	2,019	1,982
15 weeks and over	2,161	2,578	2,626	2,288	2,305	2,603	2,622	2,700	2,749
15 to 26 weeks	928	1,028	1,021	985	955	1,087	1,087	1,167	1,119
27 weeks and over	1,233	1,550	1,605	1,303	1,350	1,516	1,535	1,533	1,630

Average (mean) duration, in weeks	21.9	20.8	23.1	21.4	21.2	20.7	20.6	21.0	22.6
Median duration, in weeks	9.7	9.5	10.7	9.1	8.9	9.8	9.4	9.4	9.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	33.4	32.9	32.1	32.2	35.3	31.1	33.0	34.3	31.2
5 to 14 weeks	30.8	32.3	27.6	32.0	29.4	30.8	30.1	28.1	28.8
15 weeks and over	35.7	34.8	40.2	35.8	35.3	38.1	36.9	37.6	40.0
15 to 26 weeks	15.3	13.9	15.7	15.4	14.6	15.9	15.3	16.2	16.3
27 weeks and over	20.4	20.9	24.6	20.4	20.7	22.2	21.6	21.3	23.7
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024
Total, 16 years and over(1)	161,669	162,046	6,049	6,524	3.6	3.9
Management, professional, and related occupations	70,417	70,916	1,466	1,647	2.0	2.3
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,768	30,843	655	705	2.1	2.2
Professional and related occupations	39,649	40,073	811	942	2.0	2.3
Service occupations	26,659	27,014	1,134	1,341	4.1	4.7
Sales and office occupations	30,393	29,642	1,270	1,249	4.0	4.0
Sales and related occupations	14,353	13,797	612	649	4.1	4.5
Office and administrative support occupations	16,040	15,845	658	601	3.9	3.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,276	14,600	566	598	3.8	3.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,058	1,049	70	96	6.2	8.4
Construction and extraction occupations	8,248	8,606	416	384	4.8	4.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,970	4,945	80	118	1.6	2.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,924	19,874	1,038	1,041	5.0	5.0
Production occupations	8,163	7,658	277	344	3.3	4.3
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,761	12,217	761	697	6.1	5.4
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,049	6,524	3.6	3.9
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,762	4,968	3.6	3.7
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	16	12	2.6	2.0
Construction	392	403	3.8	3.7
Manufacturing	495	481	3.2	3.2
Durable goods	278	278	2.8	2.9
Nondurable goods	217	204	3.9	3.9
Wholesale and retail trade	889	848	4.5	4.4
Transportation and utilities	379	373	4.7	4.6
Information	117	98	4.3	3.8
Financial activities	190	238	1.9	2.4
Professional and business services	699	746	3.6	3.7
Education and health services	638	816	2.4	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	734	761	5.4	5.6
Other services	211	192	3.1	2.8
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	62	135	3.9	7.9
Government workers	393	434	1.8	1.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	278	356	2.7	3.4
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.6	4.4	3.9	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.1
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	3.8	4.6	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.3
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.5	5.2	4.8	4.6	4.8	4.9	5.1	5.0	5.0
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	6.7	8.0	7.3	7.0	7.4	7.4	7.8	7.9	7.7
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2023	Sept. 2024
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	99,710	100,511	41,553	41,978	58,156	58,533
Persons who currently want a job	5,299	5,591	2,364	2,480	2,935	3,110
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,492	1,676	756	830	736	845
Discouraged workers(2)	351	432	189	218	162	214
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,141	1,244	567	612	575	631

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,146	8,648	3,959	4,067	4,186	4,581
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.3	4.6	4.7	5.5	6.0
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,730	4,817	2,469	2,430	2,262	2,386
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,888	2,307	659	834	1,229	1,473
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	447	359	272	201	175	157
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,008	1,110	520	574	489	537
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug.2024 - Sept.2024(p)
Total nonfarm	156,845	158,399	158,717	159,177	156,667	158,692	158,851	159,105	254
Total private	133,861	136,256	136,176	135,718	133,764	135,347	135,461	135,684	223
Goods-producing	21,818	22,119	22,120	22,014	21,664	21,833	21,838	21,859	21

Mining and logging	649	642	644	645	645	635	636	639	3
Logging	46.2	39.6	39.5	39.9	45.5	38.5	38.1	38.3	0.2
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	602.7	601.9	604.5	604.7	599.7	596.7	597.6	600.5	2.9
Oil and gas extraction	118.1	121.0	120.7	119.8	117.6	120.0	119.1	119.8	0.7
Mining (except oil and gas)	189.2	192.7	192.1	190.5	186.8	188.8	188.4	188.1	-0.3
Coal mining	42.8	44.0	43.2	43.0	42.7	43.6	43.2	43.0	-0.2
Metal ore mining	43.8	43.9	44.0	43.5	43.7	43.5	43.5	43.5	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	102.6	104.8	104.9	104.0	100.4	101.7	101.6	101.7	0.1
Support activities for mining	295.4	288.2	291.7	294.4	295.3	287.9	290.1	292.6	2.5

Construction	8,216	8,464	8,496	8,446	8,065	8,247	8,278	8,303	25
Construction of buildings	1,833.5	1,914.8	1,914.8	1,889.6	1,819.5	1,876.2	1,880.3	1,879.4	-0.9
Residential building construction	932.9	963.7	966.1	957.1	928.7	945.9	949.5	951.5	2.0
Nonresidential building construction	900.6	951.1	948.7	932.5	890.8	930.3	930.8	927.9	-2.9
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,180.0	1,191.2	1,205.3	1,203.3	1,128.0	1,141.3	1,152.1	1,155.9	3.8
Specialty trade contractors	5,202.8	5,358.4	5,375.7	5,353.1	5,117.4	5,229.7	5,245.1	5,267.9	22.8
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,419.8	2,479.4	2,478.3	2,454.9	2,387.0	2,416.6	2,418.9	2,424.7	5.8
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,783.0	2,879.0	2,897.4	2,898.2	2,730.4	2,813.1	2,826.2	2,843.2	17.0

Manufacturing	12,953	13,013	12,980	12,923	12,954	12,951	12,924	12,917	-7

Durable goods	8,117	8,155	8,125	8,090	8,125	8,130	8,100	8,097	-3
Wood product manufacturing	415.7	419.5	416.6	414.5	416.5	416.3	415.1	414.3	-0.8
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	425.1	428.3	427.9	428.2	421.4	423.3	422.4	423.7	1.3
Primary metal manufacturing	375.1	373.8	373.8	371.6	375.9	372.6	372.5	371.8	-0.7
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,454.5	1,466.8	1,461.3	1,460.9	1,457.2	1,461.5	1,459.7	1,463.4	3.7
Machinery manufacturing	1,134.7	1,138.3	1,132.0	1,126.4	1,139.1	1,131.1	1,129.3	1,130.7	1.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,103.7	1,108.7	1,101.9	1,096.0	1,106.6	1,099.5	1,097.3	1,097.5	0.2
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	162.2	160.8	160.5	160.0	162.3	160.0	159.7	160.1	0.4
Communications equipment manufacturing	86.2	85.6	84.7	84.6	86.8	84.8	84.7	84.6	-0.1
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	389.9	395.7	393.3	389.5	391.9	391.5	391.3	390.5	-0.8
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	434.1	435.3	432.0	430.8	434.5	432.5	430.8	431.3	0.5
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	31.3	31.3	31.4	31.1	31.2	30.8	30.9	30.9	0.0
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	416.1	407.6	403.2	400.1	416.7	405.2	402.0	400.0	-2.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,814.6	1,847.0	1,847.3	1,839.5	1,810.3	1,860.8	1,844.1	1,838.9	-5.2
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,057.2	1,065.3	1,071.5	1,065.1	1,052.8	1,082.5	1,069.1	1,062.6	-6.5
Furniture and related product manufacturing	350.8	342.5	341.2	336.4	354.0	341.3	339.7	338.1	-1.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing	626.2	622.1	619.8	616.3	627.1	618.5	618.3	618.5	0.2

Nondurable goods	4,836	4,858	4,855	4,833	4,829	4,821	4,824	4,820	-4
Food manufacturing	1,728.9	1,750.2	1,756.5	1,757.1	1,723.4	1,739.8	1,744.7	1,747.1	2.4
Textile mills	90.0	90.4	89.6	89.1	89.8	89.7	88.9	88.9	0.0
Textile product mills	97.5	95.0	94.3	94.1	97.7	95.0	93.8	94.4	0.6
Apparel manufacturing	88.7	84.3	84.1	83.5	89.1	84.0	84.1	83.7	-0.4
Paper manufacturing	353.0	350.3	348.9	346.7	353.8	350.1	349.5	347.5	-2.0
Printing and related support activities	363.9	360.9	361.4	361.5	366.0	360.4	360.6	361.3	0.7
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	108.9	110.7	110.7	109.4	107.6	108.1	107.9	107.9	0.0
Chemical manufacturing	897.7	908.1	904.8	899.9	902.1	902.3	902.5	902.2	-0.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	736.4	726.1	723.4	717.1	737.7	723.3	722.4	720.7	-1.7
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	371.0	381.6	381.3	374.9	362.2	368.5	369.2	366.1	-3.1

Private service-providing	112,043	114,137	114,056	113,704	112,100	113,514	113,623	113,825	202

Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,724	28,965	28,908	28,902	28,882	29,036	29,031	29,044	13

Wholesale trade	6,131.8	6,210.4	6,197.0	6,174.5	6,133.3	6,175.2	6,175.6	6,177.5	1.9
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,406.7	3,462.4	3,454.1	3,438.7	3,408.8	3,444.8	3,443.2	3,443.2	0.0
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,210.4	2,232.9	2,228.6	2,221.3	2,210.0	2,217.2	2,219.3	2,220.8	1.5
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	514.7	515.1	514.3	514.5	514.5	513.2	513.1	513.5	0.4

Retail trade	15,474.2	15,671.1	15,610.9	15,538.3	15,612.0	15,661.3	15,652.5	15,668.1	15.6
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,063.1	2,085.3	2,082.1	2,077.7	2,058.8	2,073.7	2,073.8	2,074.1	0.3
Automobile dealers	1,282.3	1,305.5	1,304.4	1,305.4	1,281.7	1,304.2	1,303.0	1,304.3	1.3
Other motor vehicle dealers	179.3	176.6	172.2	168.0	177.7	167.5	166.2	166.0	-0.2
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	601.5	603.2	605.5	604.3	599.4	602.0	604.5	603.8	-0.7
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,381.6	1,403.5	1,377.8	1,356.3	1,400.3	1,376.2	1,374.7	1,373.5	-1.2
Food and beverage retailers	3,221.4	3,273.9	3,261.1	3,241.0	3,240.7	3,258.2	3,259.1	3,261.7	2.6
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	831.6	801.2	807.7	814.6	839.0	816.9	818.9	820.7	1.8
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	423.1	411.0	413.2	416.5	430.6	419.7	420.3	421.1	0.8
Electronics and appliance retailers	408.5	390.2	394.5	398.1	408.4	397.2	398.6	399.6	1.0
General merchandise retailers	3,184.8	3,262.3	3,251.7	3,257.6	3,240.1	3,289.8	3,288.9	3,293.1	4.2
Department stores	938.3	954.7	948.8	958.1	967.3	972.5	970.2	974.4	4.2
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,246.5	2,307.6	2,302.9	2,299.5	2,272.8	2,317.3	2,318.7	2,318.8	0.1
Health and personal care retailers	1,085.4	1,077.1	1,071.9	1,081.4	1,098.9	1,093.1	1,086.9	1,090.9	4.0
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,070.2	1,092.3	1,089.8	1,081.2	1,066.4	1,080.0	1,080.2	1,081.1	0.9
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,116.6	1,125.7	1,126.2	1,100.4	1,138.4	1,134.5	1,132.0	1,134.8	2.8
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,519.5	1,549.8	1,542.6	1,528.1	1,529.4	1,538.9	1,538.0	1,538.2	0.2

Transportation and warehousing	6,540.8	6,489.9	6,508.6	6,596.5	6,557.9	6,609.3	6,612.5	6,603.9	-8.6
Air transportation	561.5	579.2	579.4	575.3	560.0	575.2	577.1	575.6	-1.5
Rail transportation	152.7	150.8	150.2	150.2	152.8	150.9	150.3	150.1	-0.2
Water transportation	72.6	78.5	77.8	77.0	70.9	75.3	74.7	75.4	0.7
Truck transportation	1,562.0	1,560.8	1,563.8	1,557.7	1,551.1	1,545.0	1,544.3	1,543.6	-0.7
Transit and ground passenger transportation	443.7	376.9	379.6	457.5	429.3	435.4	439.5	442.9	3.4
Pipeline transportation	52.4	55.2	54.0	54.6	52.5	54.9	54.2	54.6	0.4
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	35.2	43.9	44.4	39.7	29.4	35.5	35.7	34.7	-1.0
Support activities for transportation	826.9	853.2	853.9	852.9	825.8	854.4	855.7	855.7	0.0
Couriers and messengers	1,048.6	1,032.7	1,043.3	1,061.2	1,093.8	1,099.9	1,099.4	1,100.7	1.3
Warehousing and storage	1,785.2	1,758.7	1,762.2	1,770.4	1,792.3	1,782.8	1,781.6	1,770.6	-11.0

Utilities	577.1	594.0	591.8	593.0	578.3	590.5	590.8	594.2	3.4

Information	3,000	3,025	3,024	2,994	3,008	2,999	2,992	2,996	4
Motion picture and sound recording industries	398.0	461.0	463.7	440.0	400.3	447.3	447.3	445.6	-1.7
Publishing industries	950.1	930.2	930.1	929.9	955.0	921.3	918.6	919.7	1.1
Broadcasting and content providers	341.9	338.0	336.7	334.9	343.1	338.6	337.1	336.1	-1.0
Telecommunications	641.4	624.3	620.2	613.4	640.9	621.9	619.0	617.4	-1.6
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	491.9	495.9	496.4	500.9	490.8	494.9	495.2	501.2	6.0
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	176.8	175.7	177.0	175.1	177.4	174.6	175.2	175.5	0.3

Financial activities	9,220	9,318	9,311	9,259	9,223	9,244	9,254	9,259	5
Finance and insurance	6,727.8	6,780.4	6,771.5	6,749.3	6,742.1	6,747.8	6,751.1	6,756.8	5.7
Monetary authorities-central bank	22.6	23.1	23.3	23.2	22.6	22.7	23.0	23.2	0.2
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,615.7	2,589.8	2,582.2	2,570.9	2,622.3	2,578.9	2,578.4	2,576.3	-2.1
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,790.3	1,778.4	1,775.0	1,767.5	1,796.9	1,770.7	1,771.2	1,773.8	2.6
Commercial banking	1,384.2	1,366.4	1,362.8	1,355.6	1,389.6	1,360.6	1,359.7	1,360.6	0.9
Nondepository credit intermediation	532.6	530.4	527.0	526.8	533.1	527.4	526.4	526.1	-0.3
Activities related to credit intermediation	292.8	281.0	280.2	276.6	292.3	280.9	280.7	276.4	-4.3
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,102.3	1,133.8	1,130.1	1,120.7	1,107.8	1,120.2	1,119.9	1,122.7	2.8
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,987.2	3,033.7	3,035.9	3,034.5	2,989.4	3,026.0	3,029.8	3,034.6	4.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,492.6	2,537.8	2,539.1	2,509.9	2,481.0	2,496.1	2,503.3	2,501.8	-1.5
Real estate	1,861.5	1,909.5	1,907.7	1,891.9	1,860.2	1,889.0	1,891.6	1,893.7	2.1
Rental and leasing services	608.0	604.5	607.5	594.1	597.7	583.5	588.0	584.2	-3.8
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	23.1	23.8	23.9	23.9	23.1	23.6	23.7	23.9	0.2

Professional and business services	22,938	23,057	23,057	23,027	22,864	22,976	22,972	22,989	17
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,795.6	11,075.5	11,034.4	10,949.7	10,874.1	11,029.6	11,033.8	11,046.1	12.3
Legal services	1,178.2	1,192.7	1,175.2	1,172.7	1,185.0	1,182.6	1,179.8	1,181.4	1.6
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,099.0	1,137.5	1,130.0	1,121.7	1,151.8	1,173.3	1,175.9	1,177.9	2.0
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,670.9	1,737.6	1,733.6	1,712.2	1,667.1	1,707.8	1,707.1	1,708.0	0.9
Specialized design services	153.1	152.8	153.1	151.8	154.1	152.3	152.6	151.7	-0.9
Computer systems design and related services	2,491.7	2,561.7	2,561.0	2,531.9	2,506.0	2,548.6	2,551.6	2,554.5	2.9
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,878.1	1,909.5	1,903.3	1,893.7	1,881.7	1,903.8	1,903.4	1,904.1	0.7
Scientific research and development services	942.6	970.3	964.0	957.7	945.3	955.8	956.2	959.1	2.9
Advertising, public relations, and related services	509.9	525.2	522.2	522.0	511.0	522.6	521.6	523.3	1.7
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	872.1	888.2	892.0	886.0	872.2	882.9	885.6	886.1	0.5
Management of companies and enterprises	2,562.8	2,584.2	2,570.0	2,564.7	2,566.0	2,567.4	2,560.1	2,566.5	6.4
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,579.1	9,397.1	9,452.7	9,512.2	9,423.7	9,379.3	9,378.0	9,376.0	-2.0
Administrative and support services	9,071.4	8,871.3	8,925.3	8,988.9	8,920.8	8,860.1	8,857.9	8,856.3	-1.6
Office administrative services	628.3	634.8	633.6	639.4	626.1	632.4	633.5	637.2	3.7
Facilities support services	172.5	184.1	187.3	186.6	170.6	183.0	184.2	186.0	1.8
Employment services(1)	3,652.0	3,369.9	3,429.5	3,497.5	3,588.1	3,479.8	3,474.8	3,462.8	-12.0
Temporary help services	2,881.6	2,594.2	2,646.4	2,709.8	2,822.0	2,696.5	2,690.0	2,676.2	-13.8
Business support services	733.6	688.7	688.7	696.6	736.1	699.3	696.7	695.7	-1.0
Travel arrangement and reservation services	194.1	196.4	197.5	195.2	193.0	194.1	194.7	193.9	-0.8
Investigation and security services	1,008.2	1,022.2	1,028.5	1,035.8	1,004.9	1,024.1	1,025.8	1,028.2	2.4
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,339.6	2,428.1	2,413.5	2,388.4	2,263.8	2,302.1	2,303.4	2,306.5	3.1
Other support services	343.1	347.1	346.7	349.4	338.2	345.3	344.9	345.9	1.0
Waste management and remediation services	507.7	525.8	527.4	523.3	502.9	519.2	520.1	519.7	-0.4

Private education and health services	25,531	26,093	26,203	26,500	25,560	26,403	26,463	26,544	81
Private educational services	3,826.4	3,577.4	3,614.5	3,866.8	3,826.5	3,868.4	3,875.2	3,884.6	9.4
Health care and social assistance	21,704.9	22,516.0	22,588.8	22,632.8	21,733.8	22,534.2	22,588.1	22,659.8	71.7
Health care(3)	17,102.7	17,705.0	17,755.2	17,769.3	17,103.3	17,697.6	17,733.9	17,779.1	45.2
Ambulatory health care services	8,524.8	8,824.1	8,856.7	8,866.1	8,537.4	8,832.9	8,854.7	8,879.0	24.3
Offices of physicians	2,942.8	3,035.2	3,039.4	3,032.0	2,947.7	3,036.6	3,040.3	3,042.2	1.9
Offices of dentists	1,027.1	1,044.6	1,047.3	1,041.7	1,031.3	1,041.8	1,042.0	1,043.9	1.9
Offices of other health practitioners	1,165.2	1,209.2	1,221.6	1,222.3	1,167.3	1,212.2	1,219.8	1,223.3	3.5
Outpatient care centers	1,060.2	1,089.2	1,091.7	1,095.3	1,063.4	1,091.6	1,094.0	1,099.3	5.3
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	322.5	316.5	316.7	315.3	323.5	317.4	317.1	315.7	-1.4
Home health care services	1,654.1	1,774.0	1,780.5	1,798.2	1,651.9	1,775.4	1,781.7	1,794.4	12.7
Other ambulatory health care services	352.9	355.4	359.5	361.3	352.3	358.0	359.9	360.4	0.5
Hospitals	5,391.6	5,576.3	5,589.3	5,599.4	5,380.0	5,574.1	5,586.0	5,597.5	11.5
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,186.3	3,304.6	3,309.2	3,303.8	3,185.9	3,290.6	3,293.2	3,302.6	9.4
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,432.4	1,478.5	1,480.1	1,478.8	1,430.5	1,471.0	1,471.1	1,475.0	3.9
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	645.6	675.0	674.0	672.9	644.7	672.1	671.7	673.1	1.4
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	951.1	983.6	988.9	985.8	953.5	981.5	985.2	988.6	3.4
Other residential care facilities	157.2	167.5	166.2	166.3	157.3	166.1	165.1	166.0	0.9
Social assistance	4,602.2	4,811.0	4,833.6	4,863.5	4,630.5	4,836.6	4,854.2	4,880.7	26.5
Individual and family services	3,064.4	3,259.3	3,276.4	3,278.1	3,082.2	3,250.4	3,271.1	3,292.3	21.2
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	220.1	233.0	231.7	230.9	222.6	233.1	232.5	232.7	0.2
Vocational rehabilitation services	282.2	295.4	290.2	288.5	283.1	291.9	289.3	290.1	0.8
Child care services	1,035.5	1,023.3	1,035.3	1,066.0	1,042.6	1,061.3	1,061.4	1,065.6	4.2

Leisure and hospitality	16,791	17,689	17,592	17,121	16,708	16,944	16,997	17,075	78
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,586.6	3,000.6	2,927.0	2,692.1	2,539.0	2,663.5	2,674.5	2,676.5	2.0
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	623.2	662.4	670.0	664.1	594.0	634.9	645.4	645.5	0.1
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	176.3	193.9	188.5	179.2	174.9	177.6	177.3	176.8	-0.5
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,787.1	2,144.3	2,068.5	1,848.8	1,770.1	1,851.0	1,851.8	1,854.2	2.4
Accommodation and food services	14,203.9	14,688.6	14,664.7	14,428.8	14,168.6	14,280.3	14,322.2	14,398.2	76.0
Accommodation	1,932.4	2,073.0	2,045.9	1,952.6	1,908.7	1,917.0	1,921.4	1,928.0	6.6
Food services and drinking places	12,271.5	12,615.6	12,618.8	12,476.2	12,259.9	12,363.3	12,400.8	12,470.2	69.4

Other services	5,839	5,990	5,961	5,901	5,855	5,912	5,914	5,918	4
Repair and maintenance	1,463.6	1,485.1	1,477.7	1,471.6	1,464.3	1,474.6	1,473.0	1,473.3	0.3
Personal and laundry services	1,546.9	1,573.9	1,570.5	1,562.2	1,552.8	1,562.4	1,563.4	1,565.5	2.1
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,828.2	2,930.7	2,913.2	2,867.4	2,837.5	2,874.6	2,877.1	2,878.9	1.8

Government	22,984	22,143	22,541	23,459	22,903	23,345	23,390	23,421	31
Federal	2,954	3,010	3,004	3,005	2,945	2,996	2,997	2,999	2
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,352.8	2,401.4	2,403.3	2,403.0	2,340.0	2,389.6	2,390.7	2,391.8	1.1
U.S. Postal Service	601.5	608.4	601.1	601.6	605.2	606.7	605.9	607.3	1.4
State government	5,433	5,115	5,211	5,567	5,346	5,459	5,470	5,483	13
State government education	2,683.1	2,275.2	2,362.3	2,731.2	2,600.9	2,636.6	2,643.1	2,654.1	11.0
State government, excluding education	2,749.6	2,840.1	2,848.2	2,835.8	2,745.5	2,821.9	2,826.9	2,828.7	1.8
Local government	14,597	14,018	14,326	14,887	14,612	14,890	14,923	14,939	16
Local government education	7,980.4	6,997.4	7,360.9	8,101.7	7,995.8	8,108.2	8,131.9	8,139.7	7.8
Local government, excluding education	6,616.7	7,021.0	6,964.7	6,785.4	6,616.6	6,781.5	6,790.7	6,799.5	8.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.2	34.3	34.2
Goods-producing	39.9	39.7	39.8	39.9
Mining and logging	45.0	44.2	44.6	44.4
Construction	39.1	38.9	39.0	39.2
Manufacturing	40.1	40.0	40.0	40.0
Durable goods	40.6	40.4	40.5	40.5
Nondurable goods	39.2	39.3	39.2	39.2
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.2	33.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.8	33.9	33.9	33.7
Wholesale trade	38.7	39.2	39.2	39.2
Retail trade	29.8	29.7	29.7	29.5
Transportation and warehousing	38.2	38.0	38.0	37.9
Utilities	41.8	42.1	42.4	42.4
Information	36.4	36.6	36.5	36.6
Financial activities	37.4	37.4	37.5	37.5
Professional and business services	36.5	36.4	36.4	36.2
Private education and health services	33.3	33.0	33.1	33.0
Leisure and hospitality	25.7	25.3	25.2	25.3
Other services	32.3	32.3	32.3	32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.9
Durable goods	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.9
Nondurable goods	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)
Total private	$34.01	$35.07	$35.23	$35.36	$1,169.94	$1,199.39	$1,208.39	$1,209.31
Goods-producing	34.46	35.84	35.97	36.14	1,374.95	1,422.85	1,431.61	1,441.99
Mining and logging	38.71	39.68	39.77	40.05	1,741.95	1,753.86	1,773.74	1,778.22
Construction	36.84	38.26	38.37	38.53	1,440.44	1,488.31	1,496.43	1,510.38
Manufacturing	32.77	34.14	34.26	34.42	1,314.08	1,365.60	1,370.40	1,376.80
Durable goods	34.34	36.14	36.23	36.31	1,394.20	1,460.06	1,467.32	1,470.56
Nondurable goods	30.06	30.67	30.84	31.13	1,178.35	1,205.33	1,208.93	1,220.30
Private service-providing	33.91	34.90	35.06	35.17	1,129.20	1,158.68	1,163.99	1,164.13
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.33	29.97	30.10	30.14	991.35	1,015.98	1,020.39	1,015.72
Wholesale trade	37.14	37.72	37.78	37.83	1,437.32	1,478.62	1,480.98	1,482.94
Retail trade	24.10	24.44	24.56	24.56	718.18	725.87	729.43	724.52
Transportation and warehousing	29.64	30.66	30.80	30.86	1,132.25	1,165.08	1,170.40	1,169.59
Utilities	50.07	51.05	51.52	51.38	2,092.93	2,149.21	2,184.45	2,178.51
Information	48.44	49.80	50.37	50.17	1,763.22	1,822.68	1,838.51	1,836.22
Financial activities	44.10	45.58	45.83	45.94	1,649.34	1,704.69	1,718.63	1,722.75
Professional and business services	40.79	42.25	42.50	42.83	1,488.84	1,537.90	1,547.00	1,550.45
Private education and health services	33.48	34.28	34.39	34.51	1,114.88	1,131.24	1,138.31	1,138.83
Leisure and hospitality	21.33	22.14	22.20	22.25	548.18	560.14	559.44	562.93
Other services	30.67	31.58	31.69	31.76	990.64	1,020.03	1,023.59	1,025.85
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)
Total private	115.5	116.2	116.6	116.5	-0.1	187.8	194.8	196.5	196.9	0.2
Goods-producing	98.5	98.8	99.0	99.4	0.4	153.4	160.0	161.0	162.3	0.8
Mining and logging	91.2	88.2	89.1	89.2	0.1	141.7	140.5	142.3	143.4	0.8
Construction	108.7	110.6	111.3	112.2	0.8	174.0	183.8	185.5	187.8	1.2
Manufacturing	93.5	93.2	93.0	93.0	0.0	142.4	148.0	148.2	148.8	0.4
Durable goods	92.9	92.5	92.4	92.3	-0.1	141.6	148.4	148.6	148.9	0.2
Nondurable goods	94.5	94.6	94.4	94.3	-0.1	144.1	147.2	147.7	149.0	0.9
Private service-providing	120.2	121.3	121.4	121.3	-0.1	198.1	205.8	207.0	207.4	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.7	107.5	107.5	106.9	-0.6	168.7	173.8	174.5	173.8	-0.4
Wholesale trade	104.7	106.8	106.8	106.8	0.0	162.7	168.5	168.8	169.0	0.1
Retail trade	94.7	94.7	94.6	94.1	-0.5	150.9	153.0	153.7	152.8	-0.6
Transportation and warehousing	143.9	144.3	144.4	143.8	-0.4	217.0	225.1	226.2	225.8	-0.2
Utilities	104.6	107.6	108.4	109.0	0.6	173.0	181.4	184.5	185.0	0.3
Information	100.0	100.3	99.8	100.2	0.4	172.5	177.8	178.9	178.9	0.0
Financial activities	113.0	113.3	113.7	113.7	0.0	194.4	201.3	203.2	203.8	0.3
Professional and business services	130.6	130.8	130.8	130.2	-0.5	215.7	223.9	225.2	225.9	0.3
Private education and health services	139.0	142.3	143.0	143.0	0.0	223.9	234.6	236.6	237.5	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	122.5	122.3	122.2	123.3	0.9	210.8	218.5	218.9	221.3	1.1
Other services	109.0	110.1	110.1	110.2	0.1	183.3	190.6	191.3	191.9	0.3
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
Industry	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)
Total nonfarm	78,080	79,079	79,160	79,300	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.8
Total private	64,734	65,432	65,492	65,604	48.4	48.3	48.3	48.4
Goods-producing	4,991	5,016	5,011	5,008	23.0	23.0	22.9	22.9
Mining and logging	84	87	86	88	13.0	13.7	13.5	13.8
Construction	1,145	1,179	1,181	1,183	14.2	14.3	14.3	14.2
Manufacturing	3,762	3,750	3,744	3,737	29.0	29.0	29.0	28.9
Durable goods	2,023	2,006	2,001	1,997	24.9	24.7	24.7	24.7
Nondurable goods	1,739	1,744	1,743	1,740	36.0	36.2	36.1	36.1
Private service-providing	59,743	60,416	60,481	60,596	53.3	53.2	53.2	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,293	11,298	11,289	11,298	39.1	38.9	38.9	38.9
Wholesale trade	1,873.6	1,875.5	1,878.6	1,881.9	30.5	30.4	30.4	30.5
Retail trade	7,515.8	7,528.4	7,524.1	7,539.4	48.1	48.1	48.1	48.1
Transportation and warehousing	1,751.7	1,739.3	1,731.2	1,720.6	26.7	26.3	26.2	26.1
Utilities	152.1	154.6	154.7	155.6	26.3	26.2	26.2	26.2
Information	1,224	1,195	1,193	1,199	40.7	39.8	39.9	40.0
Financial activities	5,126	5,138	5,140	5,137	55.6	55.6	55.5	55.5
Professional and business services	10,530	10,517	10,528	10,538	46.1	45.8	45.8	45.8
Private education and health services	19,663	20,276	20,330	20,391	76.9	76.8	76.8	76.8
Leisure and hospitality	8,781	8,832	8,840	8,871	52.6	52.1	52.0	52.0
Other services	3,126	3,160	3,161	3,162	53.4	53.5	53.4	53.4
Government	13,346	13,647	13,668	13,696	58.3	58.5	58.4	58.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]
Industry	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)
Total private	108,778	110,167	110,270	110,410
Goods-producing	15,481	15,546	15,552	15,566
Mining and logging	497	488	490	490
Construction	5,912	6,015	6,037	6,062
Manufacturing	9,072	9,043	9,025	9,014
Durable goods	5,595	5,537	5,515	5,507
Nondurable goods	3,477	3,506	3,510	3,507
Private service-providing	93,297	94,621	94,718	94,844
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,356	24,560	24,567	24,594
Wholesale trade	4,845.4	4,882.8	4,886.2	4,888.2
Retail trade	13,329.5	13,432.3	13,433.1	13,461.4
Transportation and warehousing	5,721.4	5,775.9	5,777.8	5,772.3
Utilities	459.9	469.3	469.6	472.4
Information	2,394	2,407	2,399	2,394
Financial activities	6,917	6,969	6,980	6,985
Professional and business services	18,059	18,097	18,078	18,083
Private education and health services	22,226	23,043	23,109	23,186
Leisure and hospitality	14,575	14,744	14,787	14,804
Other services	4,770	4,801	4,798	4,798
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.8	33.7	33.7	33.7
Goods-producing	40.5	40.5	40.6	40.7
Mining and logging	47.9	46.7	47.1	46.9
Construction	39.6	39.7	39.8	40.1
Manufacturing	40.7	40.7	40.7	40.7
Durable goods	40.9	40.8	41.0	41.0
Nondurable goods	40.4	40.5	40.3	40.4
Private service-providing	32.7	32.6	32.6	32.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	33.9	33.9	34.0
Wholesale trade	38.8	39.1	39.1	39.1
Retail trade	30.5	30.2	30.2	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	37.6	37.6	37.6	37.8
Utilities	42.0	42.6	42.6	42.8
Information	36.2	35.5	35.6	35.4
Financial activities	36.9	37.0	37.1	37.1
Professional and business services	36.3	36.4	36.4	36.2
Private education and health services	32.5	32.2	32.1	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	24.4	23.9	24.0	24.0
Other services	31.3	31.2	31.3	31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.6
Durable goods	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6
Nondurable goods	3.4	3.8	3.7	3.7
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)
Total private	$29.18	$30.16	$30.25	$30.33	$986.28	$1,016.39	$1,019.43	$1,022.12
Goods-producing	29.90	31.20	31.26	31.43	1,210.95	1,263.60	1,269.16	1,279.20
Mining and logging	35.19	36.43	36.37	37.04	1,685.60	1,701.28	1,713.03	1,737.18
Construction	34.55	35.70	35.78	35.92	1,368.18	1,417.29	1,424.04	1,440.39
Manufacturing	26.62	27.96	27.98	28.10	1,083.43	1,137.97	1,138.79	1,143.67
Durable goods	27.76	29.52	29.51	29.64	1,135.38	1,204.42	1,209.91	1,215.24
Nondurable goods	24.76	25.49	25.53	25.66	1,000.30	1,032.35	1,028.86	1,036.66
Private service-providing	29.03	29.94	30.05	30.10	949.28	976.04	979.63	981.26
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.43	26.02	26.10	26.07	864.62	882.08	884.79	886.38
Wholesale trade	30.54	31.28	31.29	31.29	1,184.95	1,223.05	1,223.44	1,223.44
Retail trade	20.63	20.90	20.99	20.95	629.22	631.18	633.90	634.79
Transportation and warehousing	28.32	29.21	29.29	29.30	1,064.83	1,098.30	1,101.30	1,107.54
Utilities	44.54	45.11	45.31	45.01	1,870.68	1,921.69	1,930.21	1,926.43
Information	40.03	40.66	40.71	40.52	1,449.09	1,443.43	1,449.28	1,434.41
Financial activities	34.22	35.81	35.95	36.05	1,262.72	1,324.97	1,333.75	1,337.46
Professional and business services	34.45	35.67	35.87	36.11	1,250.54	1,298.39	1,305.67	1,307.18
Private education and health services	30.57	31.44	31.56	31.60	993.53	1,012.37	1,013.08	1,017.52
Leisure and hospitality	18.96	19.61	19.66	19.69	462.62	468.68	471.84	472.56
Other services	26.49	27.27	27.35	27.49	829.14	850.82	856.06	860.44
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Industry	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Sept. 2024(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)
Total private	122.5	123.7	123.8	124.0	0.2	238.9	249.4	250.4	251.3	0.4
Goods-producing	95.8	96.2	96.5	96.8	0.3	175.4	183.8	184.7	186.3	0.9
Mining and logging	126.5	121.1	122.6	122.1	-0.4	258.9	256.6	259.4	263.1	1.4
Construction	117.2	119.6	120.3	121.7	1.2	218.7	230.5	232.4	236.1	1.6
Manufacturing	84.8	84.5	84.3	84.2	-0.1	147.6	154.5	154.3	154.8	0.3
Durable goods	86.0	84.9	84.9	84.8	-0.1	149.0	156.4	156.5	157.0	0.3
Nondurable goods	82.8	83.7	83.3	83.5	0.2	144.8	150.7	150.4	151.4	0.7
Private service-providing	130.0	131.4	131.6	131.7	0.1	258.8	269.9	271.2	272.0	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.9	116.5	116.6	117.1	0.4	210.7	216.7	217.5	218.1	0.3
Wholesale trade	111.6	113.3	113.4	113.4	0.0	201.1	209.2	209.4	209.5	0.0
Retail trade	103.1	102.9	102.9	103.4	0.5	182.3	184.3	185.1	185.8	0.4
Transportation and warehousing	162.8	164.4	164.4	165.1	0.4	293.5	305.6	306.5	308.0	0.5
Utilities	98.8	102.2	102.3	103.4	1.1	183.6	192.5	193.5	194.3	0.4
Information	98.9	97.5	97.5	96.7	-0.8	196.0	196.3	196.5	194.0	-1.3
Financial activities	120.1	121.4	121.9	122.0	0.1	252.9	267.4	269.6	270.5	0.3
Professional and business services	146.3	147.0	146.9	146.1	-0.5	299.9	312.0	313.4	313.9	0.2
Private education and health services	154.0	158.2	158.2	159.2	0.6	310.8	328.3	329.5	332.0	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	130.3	129.1	130.0	130.1