Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                       	 USDL-16-1961
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, October 7, 2016

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- SEPTEMBER 2016


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 156,000 in September, and the unemployment rate 
was little changed at 5.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment 
gains occurred in professional and business services and in health care.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate, at 5.0 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 7.9 million, changed 
little in September. Both measures have shown little movement, on net, since August of last year. 
(See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics increased to 6.4 percent in 
September, while the rates for adult men (4.7 percent), adult women (4.4 percent), teenagers 
(15.8 percent), Whites (4.4 percent), Blacks (8.3 percent), and Asians (3.9 percent) showed little 
or no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks increased by 284,000 to 2.6 million in September. 
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged at 
2.0 million and accounted for 24.9 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)

In September, both the labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, and the employment-population 
ratio, at 59.8 percent, changed little. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary 
part-time workers) was little changed in September at 5.9 million. These individuals, who would have 
preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because 
they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In September, 1.8 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about unchanged from a 
year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 
were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 
survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 553,000 discouraged workers in September, little changed from 
a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 
looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.3 million persons 
marginally attached to the labor force in September had not searched for work for reasons such as school 
attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 156,000 in September. Thus far this year, job growth has 
averaged 178,000 per month, compared with an average of 229,000 per month in 2015. In September, 
employment gains occurred in professional and business services and in health care. (See table B-1.)

Professional and business services employment rose by 67,000 in September and has risen by 582,000 
over the year. Over the month, job gains occurred in management and technical consulting services 
(+16,000), and employment continued to trend up in administrative and support services (+35,000).

Health care added 33,000 jobs in September. Ambulatory health care services added 24,000 jobs over 
the month, and employment rose by 7,000 in hospitals. Over the past 12 months, health care has added 
445,000 jobs.

Employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up in September (+30,000) and has 
increased by 300,000 over the year. 

Retail trade employment continued to trend up over the month (+22,000). Within the industry, job 
gains occurred in clothing and clothing accessories stores (+14,000) and in gasoline stations (+8,000). 
Over the year, employment in retail trade has risen by 317,000.

Mining employment was unchanged in September after declining by 220,000 from a peak in September 2014. 

Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, 
transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, changed 
little over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.4 
hours in September. In manufacturing, the workweek increased by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, while 
overtime was unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 
employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 
cents to $25.79. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.6 percent. Average hourly 
earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 5 cents to $21.68 
in September. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised down from +275,000 to +252,000, 
and the change for August was revised up from +151,000 to +167,000. With these revisions, employment 
gains in July and August combined were 7,000 less than previously reported. Over the past 3 months, 
job gains have averaged 192,000 per month. 

_____________
The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 4, 2016, 
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Change from: Aug. 2016- Sept. 2016
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	251,325	253,620	253,854	254,091	237
Civilian labor force	156,867	159,287	159,463	159,907	444
Participation rate	62.4	62.8	62.8	62.9	0.1
Employed	148,942	151,517	151,614	151,968	354
Employment-population ratio	59.3	59.7	59.7	59.8	0.1
Unemployed	7,925	7,770	7,849	7,939	90
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.9	4.9	5.0	0.1
Not in labor force	94,458	94,333	94,391	94,184	-207
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	5.1	4.9	4.9	5.0	0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.7	0.2
Adult women (20 years and over)	4.5	4.3	4.5	4.4	-0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	16.2	15.6	15.7	15.8	0.1
White	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4	0.0
Black or African American	9.2	8.4	8.1	8.3	0.2
Asian	3.7	3.8	4.2	3.9	-0.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	6.4	5.4	5.6	6.4	0.8
Total, 25 years and over	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.2	0.1
Less than a high school diploma	7.7	6.3	7.2	8.5	1.3
High school graduates, no college	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.2	0.1
Some college or associate degree	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.5	-0.2
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,883	3,739	3,791	3,967	176
Job leavers	778	824	885	893	8
Reentrants	2,443	2,298	2,271	2,333	62
New entrants	832	826	861	805	-56
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,373	2,160	2,290	2,574	284
5 to 14 weeks	2,211	2,266	2,329	2,234	-95
15 to 26 weeks	1,228	1,150	1,056	1,157	101
27 weeks and over	2,109	2,020	2,006	1,974	-32
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	6,034	5,940	6,053	5,894	-159
Slack work or business conditions	3,563	3,642	3,727	3,618	-109
Could only find part-time work	2,123	1,981	1,929	1,969	40
Part time for noneconomic reasons	19,997	20,717	20,523	20,688	165
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,921	1,950	1,713	1,844	-
Discouraged workers	635	591	576	553	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	149	252	167	156
Total private	162	221	144	167
Goods-producing	-12	14	-25	10
Mining and logging	-13	-4	-4	0
Construction	10	16	-5	23
Manufacturing	-9	2	-16	-13
Durable goods(1)	-7	4	-17	-11
Motor vehicles and parts	4.2	5.8	-4.6	-3.1
Nondurable goods	-2	-2	1	-2
Private service-providing	174	207	169	157
Wholesale trade	-1.0	3.0	4.7	9.7
Retail trade	6.4	12.9	20.9	22.0
Transportation and warehousing	4.4	12.2	18.6	-9.0
Utilities	-0.1	0.6	-0.8	0.4
Information	13	-5	-4	1
Financial activities	3	17	13	6
Professional and business services(1)	40	84	31	67
Temporary help services	7.5	15.8	-1.0	23.2
Education and health services(1)	55	42	57	29
Health care and social assistance	46.9	52.1	45.3	21.8
Leisure and hospitality	50	36	21	15
Other services	4	4	8	15
Government	-13	31	23	-11
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	192	182	230	192
Total private	177	153	201	177
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.4	49.6	49.7	49.7
Total private women employees	47.9	48.2	48.2	48.2
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.4	82.3	82.3
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.5	34.4	34.3	34.4
Average hourly earnings	$25.14	$25.71	$25.73	$25.79
Average weekly earnings	$867.33	$884.42	$882.54	$887.18
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	104.1	105.6	105.4	105.8
Over-the-month percent change	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.4
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	125.1	129.7	129.6	130.5
Over-the-month percent change	-0.1	0.5	-0.1	0.7
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (262 industries)	52.9	61.5	59.0	57.8
Manufacturing (79 industries)	38.6	48.1	46.8	39.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 623,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-65,000 to +165,000 (50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	251,325	253,854	254,091	251,325	253,174	253,397	253,620	253,854	254,091
Civilian labor force	156,607	159,800	159,636	156,867	158,466	158,880	159,287	159,463	159,907
Participation rate	62.3	62.9	62.8	62.4	62.6	62.7	62.8	62.8	62.9
Employed	148,980	151,804	151,977	148,942	151,030	151,097	151,517	151,614	151,968
Employment-population ratio	59.3	59.8	59.8	59.3	59.7	59.6	59.7	59.7	59.8
Unemployed	7,628	7,996	7,658	7,925	7,436	7,783	7,770	7,849	7,939
Unemployment rate	4.9	5.0	4.8	5.1	4.7	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.0
Not in labor force	94,718	94,054	94,456	94,458	94,708	94,517	94,333	94,391	94,184
Persons who currently want a job	5,584	5,824	5,753	5,944	5,923	5,692	5,886	5,833	6,088
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,365	122,656	122,775	121,365	122,316	122,427	122,539	122,656	122,775
Civilian labor force	83,390	85,416	84,996	83,430	84,332	84,766	84,826	84,906	85,084
Participation rate	68.7	69.6	69.2	68.7	68.9	69.2	69.2	69.2	69.3
Employed	79,406	81,365	80,952	79,148	80,369	80,596	80,548	80,674	80,755
Employment-population ratio	65.4	66.3	65.9	65.2	65.7	65.8	65.7	65.8	65.8
Unemployed	3,984	4,052	4,043	4,282	3,963	4,169	4,278	4,232	4,329
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.7	4.8	5.1	4.7	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.1
Not in labor force	37,975	37,240	37,779	37,935	37,984	37,662	37,713	37,750	37,691
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	112,940	114,173	114,289	112,940	113,844	113,951	114,058	114,173	114,289
Civilian labor force	80,633	82,048	82,020	80,578	81,407	81,788	81,834	81,838	82,019
Participation rate	71.4	71.9	71.8	71.3	71.5	71.8	71.7	71.7	71.8
Employed	77,110	78,562	78,459	76,775	77,917	78,127	78,048	78,143	78,195
Employment-population ratio	68.3	68.8	68.6	68.0	68.4	68.6	68.4	68.4	68.4
Unemployed	3,523	3,487	3,561	3,803	3,490	3,661	3,786	3,695	3,825
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.7	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.7
Not in labor force	32,307	32,124	32,269	32,363	32,437	32,163	32,224	32,335	32,269
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	129,960	131,198	131,317	129,960	130,858	130,969	131,081	131,198	131,317
Civilian labor force	73,217	74,384	74,640	73,437	74,134	74,115	74,461	74,557	74,823
Participation rate	56.3	56.7	56.8	56.5	56.7	56.6	56.8	56.8	57.0
Employed	69,574	70,439	71,025	69,794	70,661	70,501	70,969	70,940	71,213
Employment-population ratio	53.5	53.7	54.1	53.7	54.0	53.8	54.1	54.1	54.2
Unemployed	3,643	3,945	3,615	3,643	3,473	3,614	3,492	3,617	3,610
Unemployment rate	5.0	5.3	4.8	5.0	4.7	4.9	4.7	4.9	4.8
Not in labor force	56,743	56,814	56,677	56,523	56,725	56,855	56,620	56,641	56,493
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,773	122,949	123,066	121,773	122,622	122,728	122,835	122,949	123,066
Civilian labor force	70,633	71,290	71,902	70,679	71,218	71,303	71,572	71,630	71,893
Participation rate	58.0	58.0	58.4	58.0	58.1	58.1	58.3	58.3	58.4
Employed	67,394	67,776	68,709	67,465	68,209	68,107	68,508	68,415	68,723
Employment-population ratio	55.3	55.1	55.8	55.4	55.6	55.5	55.8	55.6	55.8
Unemployed	3,239	3,514	3,193	3,214	3,009	3,196	3,065	3,215	3,169
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.9	4.4	4.5	4.2	4.5	4.3	4.5	4.4
Not in labor force	51,140	51,660	51,164	51,094	51,404	51,425	51,262	51,319	51,173
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,612	16,732	16,737	16,612	16,708	16,718	16,728	16,732	16,737
Civilian labor force	5,341	6,462	5,714	5,610	5,841	5,789	5,881	5,995	5,995
Participation rate	32.1	38.6	34.1	33.8	35.0	34.6	35.2	35.8	35.8
Employed	4,476	5,466	4,810	4,702	4,904	4,864	4,961	5,056	5,050
Employment-population ratio	26.9	32.7	28.7	28.3	29.4	29.1	29.7	30.2	30.2
Unemployed	865	996	904	908	937	926	920	938	945
Unemployment rate	16.2	15.4	15.8	16.2	16.0	16.0	15.6	15.7	15.8
Not in labor force	11,271	10,270	11,023	11,002	10,867	10,928	10,847	10,737	10,741
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	197,152	198,380	198,509	197,152	198,013	198,132	198,253	198,380	198,509
Civilian labor force	123,111	124,998	124,689	123,180	124,299	124,551	124,793	124,756	124,873
Participation rate	62.4	63.0	62.8	62.5	62.8	62.9	62.9	62.9	62.9
Employed	117,971	119,477	119,465	117,812	119,222	119,133	119,426	119,281	119,427
Employment-population ratio	59.8	60.2	60.2	59.8	60.2	60.1	60.2	60.1	60.2
Unemployed	5,139	5,521	5,223	5,368	5,077	5,418	5,367	5,475	5,446
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4
Not in labor force	74,041	73,382	73,820	73,973	73,714	73,581	73,460	73,624	73,636
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,608	65,401	65,326	64,541	64,932	65,112	65,232	65,226	65,310
Participation rate	71.8	72.1	72.0	71.7	71.8	71.9	72.0	72.0	72.0
Employed	62,165	62,883	62,834	61,874	62,498	62,526	62,556	62,546	62,608
Employment-population ratio	69.1	69.4	69.3	68.7	69.1	69.1	69.1	69.0	69.0
Unemployed	2,443	2,518	2,491	2,668	2,434	2,586	2,676	2,680	2,703
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.1	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,284	54,566	54,883	54,227	54,754	54,869	54,948	54,863	54,888
Participation rate	57.2	57.2	57.5	57.2	57.5	57.6	57.6	57.5	57.5
Employed	52,162	52,245	52,789	52,134	52,775	52,682	52,913	52,720	52,809
Employment-population ratio	55.0	54.8	55.3	55.0	55.4	55.3	55.5	55.3	55.3
Unemployed	2,122	2,321	2,094	2,093	1,979	2,187	2,035	2,144	2,080
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.3	3.8	3.9	3.6	4.0	3.7	3.9	3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,218	5,031	4,480	4,411	4,612	4,570	4,613	4,666	4,674
Participation rate	34.3	40.7	36.3	35.8	37.4	37.0	37.4	37.8	37.8
Employed	3,644	4,349	3,842	3,804	3,949	3,925	3,957	4,014	4,010
Employment-population ratio	29.6	35.2	31.1	30.9	32.0	31.8	32.0	32.5	32.5
Unemployed	574	682	638	607	664	645	656	652	663
Unemployment rate	13.6	13.6	14.2	13.8	14.4	14.1	14.2	14.0	14.2
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	31,479	31,945	31,987	31,479	31,828	31,866	31,904	31,945	31,987
Civilian labor force	19,287	19,840	19,789	19,364	19,410	19,532	19,522	19,768	19,825
Participation rate	61.3	62.1	61.9	61.5	61.0	61.3	61.2	61.9	62.0
Employed	17,535	18,167	18,168	17,573	17,822	17,854	17,885	18,165	18,174
Employment-population ratio	55.7	56.9	56.8	55.8	56.0	56.0	56.1	56.9	56.8
Unemployed	1,752	1,673	1,620	1,791	1,588	1,678	1,637	1,603	1,650
Unemployment rate	9.1	8.4	8.2	9.2	8.2	8.6	8.4	8.1	8.3
Not in labor force	12,192	12,106	12,199	12,115	12,417	12,334	12,382	12,178	12,163
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,769	8,960	9,021	8,751	8,889	9,000	8,994	8,947	8,998
Participation rate	67.0	67.3	67.7	66.9	67.1	67.8	67.7	67.3	67.5
Employed	8,017	8,298	8,306	7,971	8,218	8,262	8,254	8,264	8,259
Employment-population ratio	61.3	62.4	62.3	60.9	62.0	62.3	62.1	62.1	62.0
Unemployed	752	661	716	780	671	738	740	683	739
Unemployment rate	8.6	7.4	7.9	8.9	7.6	8.2	8.2	7.6	8.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,858	10,025	10,069	9,892	9,801	9,799	9,831	10,026	10,066
Participation rate	62.0	62.2	62.4	62.2	61.0	60.9	61.0	62.2	62.3
Employed	9,069	9,249	9,361	9,107	9,079	9,088	9,114	9,314	9,362
Employment-population ratio	57.0	57.4	58.0	57.2	56.5	56.5	56.6	57.8	58.0
Unemployed	789	776	708	785	722	711	717	712	704
Unemployment rate	8.0	7.7	7.0	7.9	7.4	7.3	7.3	7.1	7.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	660	855	698	721	720	733	697	795	761
Participation rate	26.5	34.0	27.7	29.0	28.7	29.2	27.7	31.6	30.2
Employed	449	619	502	495	525	504	518	587	553
Employment-population ratio	18.0	24.6	20.0	19.9	20.9	20.1	20.6	23.3	22.0
Unemployed	211	236	196	226	195	228	179	208	207
Unemployment rate	32.0	27.6	28.1	31.3	27.1	31.2	25.7	26.1	27.2
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	14,508	15,304	15,310	14,508	14,938	15,032	15,211	15,304	15,310
Civilian labor force	8,990	9,705	9,717	9,042	9,413	9,504	9,651	9,702	9,764
Participation rate	62.0	63.4	63.5	62.3	63.0	63.2	63.4	63.4	63.8
Employed	8,675	9,298	9,350	8,711	9,027	9,172	9,281	9,290	9,381
Employment-population ratio	59.8	60.8	61.1	60.0	60.4	61.0	61.0	60.7	61.3
Unemployed	315	406	367	331	386	332	369	412	382
Unemployment rate	3.5	4.2	3.8	3.7	4.1	3.5	3.8	4.2	3.9
Not in labor force	5,518	5,600	5,593	5,466	5,525	5,529	5,560	5,603	5,547
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	39,828	40,825	40,919	39,828	40,558	40,646	40,732	40,825	40,919
Civilian labor force	25,989	27,007	27,019	26,074	26,510	26,675	26,785	26,987	27,064
Participation rate	65.3	66.2	66.0	65.5	65.4	65.6	65.8	66.1	66.1
Employed	24,454	25,483	25,366	24,410	25,032	25,136	25,347	25,468	25,327
Employment-population ratio	61.4	62.4	62.0	61.3	61.7	61.8	62.2	62.4	61.9
Unemployed	1,535	1,524	1,653	1,664	1,478	1,539	1,438	1,519	1,737
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.6	6.1	6.4	5.6	5.8	5.4	5.6	6.4
Not in labor force	13,839	13,818	13,901	13,754	14,048	13,971	13,947	13,838	13,856
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	14,450	14,912	14,837	14,471	14,598	14,751	14,842	14,897	14,837
Participation rate	80.5	81.0	80.4	80.6	79.8	80.5	80.8	80.9	80.4
Employed	13,759	14,252	14,109	13,676	13,956	14,095	14,141	14,184	14,035
Employment-population ratio	76.6	77.4	76.5	76.2	76.3	76.9	77.0	77.1	76.1
Unemployed	692	660	728	795	642	656	701	713	803
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.4	4.9	5.5	4.4	4.4	4.7	4.8	5.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,485	10,903	10,988	10,511	10,667	10,750	10,797	10,957	10,999
Participation rate	57.8	58.5	58.8	57.9	57.6	58.0	58.1	58.8	58.9
Employed	9,827	10,238	10,278	9,844	10,058	10,067	10,226	10,322	10,292
Employment-population ratio	54.1	54.9	55.0	54.2	54.3	54.3	55.0	55.4	55.1
Unemployed	658	665	710	667	609	683	571	635	707
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.1	6.5	6.3	5.7	6.4	5.3	5.8	6.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,054	1,193	1,193	1,093	1,244	1,175	1,146	1,133	1,227
Participation rate	28.4	31.5	31.4	29.4	33.0	31.1	30.3	29.9	32.3
Employed	869	994	979	889	1,017	974	980	963	1,000
Employment-population ratio	23.4	26.2	25.8	23.9	27.0	25.8	25.9	25.4	26.3
Unemployed	185	199	215	203	227	201	166	170	227
Unemployment rate	17.6	16.7	18.0	18.6	18.3	17.1	14.5	15.0	18.5
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,588	10,648	10,763	10,597	10,464	10,522	10,638	10,809	10,828
Participation rate	44.8	45.8	45.4	44.8	44.5	45.2	47.0	46.5	45.7
Employed	9,858	9,922	9,939	9,779	9,720	9,734	9,969	10,035	9,902
Employment-population ratio	41.7	42.7	41.9	41.3	41.3	41.9	44.0	43.2	41.8
Unemployed	730	726	824	818	744	787	669	774	926
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.8	7.7	7.7	7.1	7.5	6.3	7.2	8.5
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,497	36,029	35,955	35,220	35,536	35,260	35,547	35,793	35,704
Participation rate	57.3	57.5	57.8	56.9	57.1	57.2	57.1	57.1	57.4
Employed	33,719	34,231	34,171	33,370	33,728	33,480	33,758	33,985	33,857
Employment-population ratio	54.5	54.6	54.9	53.9	54.2	54.3	54.2	54.2	54.4
Unemployed	1,778	1,798	1,784	1,850	1,808	1,780	1,789	1,808	1,847
Unemployment rate	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.3	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.2
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,358	37,381	37,820	37,330	37,829	37,804	37,791	37,571	37,900
Participation rate	66.2	66.2	66.9	66.2	66.2	66.0	66.2	66.5	67.0
Employed	35,797	35,743	36,258	35,724	36,364	36,231	36,182	35,970	36,296
Employment-population ratio	63.5	63.3	64.1	63.3	63.7	63.2	63.4	63.7	64.2
Unemployed	1,562	1,638	1,562	1,607	1,465	1,573	1,609	1,601	1,604
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.4	4.1	4.3	3.9	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.2
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	52,552	53,645	54,279	52,711	53,398	54,102	54,100	54,068	54,341
Participation rate	74.2	73.5	74.1	74.4	74.3	74.4	74.0	74.1	74.2
Employed	51,251	52,032	52,916	51,408	52,113	52,723	52,741	52,618	52,967
Employment-population ratio	72.4	71.3	72.3	72.6	72.5	72.5	72.1	72.1	72.3
Unemployed	1,301	1,613	1,363	1,303	1,285	1,378	1,359	1,450	1,374
Unemployment rate	2.5	3.0	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	21,145	20,832	19,145	18,815	2,000	2,017
Civilian labor force	10,786	10,652	9,547	9,369	1,240	1,283
Participation rate	51.0	51.1	49.9	49.8	62.0	63.6
Employed	10,318	10,191	9,151	8,959	1,167	1,233
Employment-population ratio	48.8	48.9	47.8	47.6	58.3	61.1
Unemployed	469	461	396	411	73	50
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.3	4.1	4.4	5.9	3.9
Not in labor force	10,359	10,180	9,598	9,446	760	734
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,671	3,935	2,999	3,235	671	701
Civilian labor force	2,964	3,170	2,464	2,650	500	520
Participation rate	80.8	80.5	82.1	81.9	74.5	74.2
Employed	2,818	3,030	2,342	2,523	476	507
Employment-population ratio	76.8	77.0	78.1	78.0	70.8	72.4
Unemployed	147	139	122	127	25	12
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.4	5.0	4.8	5.0	2.3
Not in labor force	706	766	535	585	171	181
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,407	3,359	2,908	2,854	500	504
Civilian labor force	2,771	2,757	2,400	2,366	371	391
Participation rate	81.3	82.1	82.6	82.9	74.2	77.6
Employed	2,673	2,646	2,323	2,271	350	376
Employment-population ratio	78.5	78.8	79.9	79.6	70.1	74.5
Unemployed	98	111	77	95	20	16
Unemployment rate	3.5	4.0	3.2	4.0	5.5	4.0
Not in labor force	636	601	507	488	129	113
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	8,818	8,407	8,504	8,106	314	301
Civilian labor force	2,292	2,127	2,230	2,051	62	76
Participation rate	26.0	25.3	26.2	25.3	19.7	25.3
Employed	2,187	2,053	2,133	1,977	54	76
Employment-population ratio	24.8	24.4	25.1	24.4	17.1	25.1
Unemployed	105	74	97	74	8	1
Unemployment rate	4.6	3.5	4.4	3.6	-	0.7
Not in labor force	6,526	6,280	6,274	6,055	252	225
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,249	5,131	4,734	4,620	515	511
Civilian labor force	2,759	2,598	2,453	2,302	307	295
Participation rate	52.6	50.6	51.8	49.8	59.5	57.8
Employed	2,641	2,462	2,354	2,188	287	274
Employment-population ratio	50.3	48.0	49.7	47.4	55.7	53.5
Unemployed	119	136	99	114	20	22
Unemployment rate	4.3	5.2	4.0	5.0	6.4	7.4
Not in labor force	2,490	2,533	2,281	2,318	208	216
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	221,260	224,233	97,671	99,452	123,590	124,781
Civilian labor force	143,884	146,789	72,861	74,586	71,024	72,203
Participation rate	65.0	65.5	74.6	75.0	57.5	57.9
Employed	137,019	139,919	69,434	71,122	67,585	68,797
Employment-population ratio	61.9	62.4	71.1	71.5	54.7	55.1
Unemployed	6,866	6,870	3,427	3,465	3,438	3,406
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.7
Not in labor force	77,376	77,444	24,810	24,866	52,566	52,578
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,183	30,421	221,142	223,670
Civilian labor force	5,780	6,027	150,828	153,609
Participation rate	19.1	19.8	68.2	68.7
Employed	5,181	5,502	143,799	146,475
Employment-population ratio	17.2	18.1	65.0	65.5
Unemployed	599	525	7,029	7,134
Unemployment rate	10.4	8.7	4.7	4.6
Not in labor force	24,403	24,395	70,315	70,061
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,446	2,615	76,008	77,114
Participation rate	31.4	33.1	82.0	82.6
Employed	2,199	2,383	72,483	73,513
Employment-population ratio	28.3	30.2	78.2	78.8
Unemployed	247	232	3,525	3,601
Unemployment rate	10.1	8.9	4.6	4.7
Not in labor force	5,336	5,277	16,708	16,202
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,314	2,312	66,981	68,184
Participation rate	28.2	28.8	69.9	70.7
Employed	2,039	2,063	63,770	64,962
Employment-population ratio	24.8	25.7	66.6	67.3
Unemployed	276	249	3,211	3,222
Unemployment rate	11.9	10.8	4.8	4.7
Not in labor force	5,896	5,702	28,840	28,319
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,019	1,100	7,839	8,311
Participation rate	7.2	7.6	24.0	24.6
Employed	943	1,056	7,547	8,000
Employment-population ratio	6.6	7.3	23.1	23.6
Unemployed	76	44	293	311
Unemployment rate	7.4	4.0	3.7	3.7
Not in labor force	13,172	13,417	24,767	25,540
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	40,314	41,785	19,390	20,170	20,924	21,615
Civilian labor force	26,132	27,345	15,091	15,601	11,041	11,743
Participation rate	64.8	65.4	77.8	77.3	52.8	54.3
Employed	24,928	26,146	14,503	15,065	10,425	11,080
Employment-population ratio	61.8	62.6	74.8	74.7	49.8	51.3
Unemployed	1,204	1,199	588	536	617	663
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.4	3.9	3.4	5.6	5.6
Not in labor force	14,182	14,441	4,299	4,569	9,883	9,871
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	211,011	212,306	101,975	102,604	109,036	109,702
Civilian labor force	130,475	132,291	68,300	69,394	62,175	62,897
Participation rate	61.8	62.3	67.0	67.6	57.0	57.3
Employed	124,052	125,832	64,903	65,887	59,149	59,944
Employment-population ratio	58.8	59.3	63.6	64.2	54.2	54.6
Unemployed	6,423	6,460	3,397	3,507	3,026	2,952
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.1	4.9	4.7
Not in labor force	80,536	80,015	33,676	33,210	46,860	46,805
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,471	2,718	2,526	2,368	2,585	2,516	2,388	2,520	2,441
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,634	1,783	1,623	1,516	1,689	1,651	1,605	1,617	1,530
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	810	915	879	821	862	840	766	873	886
Unpaid family workers	26	20	24	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	146,509	149,086	149,451	146,535	148,429	148,640	149,155	149,118	149,560
Wage and salary workers(1)	138,008	140,323	140,780	137,999	139,574	139,777	140,468	140,431	140,812
Government	20,446	20,065	20,708	20,558	20,599	20,186	20,430	20,670	20,798
Private industries	117,562	120,258	120,073	117,503	119,011	119,592	119,988	119,736	120,046
Private households	733	763	715	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	116,829	119,495	119,358	116,727	118,282	118,837	119,250	118,982	119,293
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,452	8,661	8,607	8,356	8,816	8,772	8,660	8,621	8,574
Unpaid family workers	49	101	64	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,693	5,963	5,550	6,034	6,430	5,843	5,940	6,053	5,894
Slack work or business conditions	3,360	3,620	3,376	3,563	3,890	3,443	3,642	3,727	3,618
Could only find part-time work	2,085	1,885	1,921	2,123	2,086	2,062	1,981	1,929	1,969
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,109	18,495	20,782	19,997	20,606	20,505	20,717	20,523	20,688
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,620	5,845	5,468	5,942	6,372	5,745	5,846	5,931	5,790
Slack work or business conditions	3,319	3,531	3,316	3,507	3,828	3,377	3,566	3,641	3,536
Could only find part-time work	2,060	1,878	1,914	2,098	2,076	2,052	1,965	1,911	1,956
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,791	18,135	20,419	19,687	20,224	20,101	20,337	20,185	20,333
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	148,980	151,804	151,977	148,942	151,030	151,097	151,517	151,614	151,968
16 to 19 years	4,476	5,466	4,810	4,702	4,904	4,864	4,961	5,056	5,050
16 to 17 years	1,643	2,019	1,867	1,625	1,732	1,839	1,811	1,829	1,843
18 to 19 years	2,832	3,447	2,943	3,073	3,193	3,032	3,149	3,225	3,189
20 years and over	144,504	146,338	147,168	144,240	146,126	146,234	146,556	146,558	146,918
20 to 24 years	13,880	14,410	13,883	13,975	14,090	14,023	13,865	14,139	14,006
25 years and over	130,625	131,927	133,285	130,191	131,965	132,251	132,756	132,464	132,869
25 to 54 years	97,142	97,691	98,580	96,759	97,765	97,793	98,042	97,870	98,204
25 to 34 years	32,899	33,897	34,094	32,806	33,518	33,662	33,812	33,947	33,989
35 to 44 years	31,522	31,353	31,736	31,355	31,578	31,543	31,627	31,404	31,557
45 to 54 years	32,722	32,440	32,750	32,598	32,669	32,588	32,602	32,520	32,658
55 years and over	33,483	34,236	34,705	33,432	34,200	34,459	34,714	34,594	34,666
Men, 16 years and over	79,406	81,365	80,952	79,148	80,369	80,596	80,548	80,674	80,755
16 to 19 years	2,296	2,803	2,494	2,373	2,452	2,469	2,500	2,531	2,560
16 to 17 years	821	1,016	872	800	826	906	869	895	852
18 to 19 years	1,475	1,787	1,622	1,576	1,630	1,571	1,627	1,631	1,710
20 years and over	77,110	78,562	78,459	76,775	77,917	78,127	78,048	78,143	78,195
20 to 24 years	7,085	7,462	7,134	7,112	7,221	7,229	7,120	7,238	7,185
25 years and over	70,026	71,100	71,324	69,631	70,647	70,899	70,987	70,913	70,968
25 to 54 years	52,243	52,621	52,775	51,945	52,431	52,493	52,395	52,401	52,497
25 to 34 years	17,831	18,309	18,313	17,743	18,136	18,209	18,197	18,238	18,232
35 to 44 years	17,064	17,065	17,076	16,946	17,059	17,084	17,048	16,996	16,968
45 to 54 years	17,349	17,247	17,386	17,257	17,236	17,200	17,149	17,167	17,298
55 years and over	17,782	18,479	18,549	17,686	18,216	18,406	18,592	18,512	18,471
Women, 16 years and over	69,574	70,439	71,025	69,794	70,661	70,501	70,969	70,940	71,213
16 to 19 years	2,180	2,663	2,316	2,329	2,452	2,394	2,461	2,525	2,490
16 to 17 years	822	1,003	995	825	906	934	942	934	991
18 to 19 years	1,358	1,660	1,321	1,497	1,563	1,461	1,522	1,594	1,478
20 years and over	67,394	67,776	68,709	67,465	68,209	68,107	68,508	68,415	68,723
20 to 24 years	6,795	6,949	6,749	6,863	6,868	6,794	6,745	6,901	6,820
25 years and over	60,599	60,827	61,960	60,560	61,318	61,353	61,768	61,551	61,902
25 to 54 years	44,899	45,070	45,804	44,813	45,334	45,300	45,646	45,469	45,707
25 to 34 years	15,068	15,588	15,780	15,064	15,382	15,453	15,614	15,709	15,757
35 to 44 years	14,458	14,288	14,660	14,409	14,519	14,460	14,579	14,408	14,589
45 to 54 years	15,373	15,193	15,364	15,341	15,433	15,387	15,453	15,352	15,360
55 years and over	15,700	15,758	16,156	15,747	15,984	16,053	16,122	16,082	16,195
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	45,091	45,538	45,872	44,907	45,023	45,562	45,532	45,478	45,678
Married women, spouse present	35,185	34,881	35,675	35,023	35,158	35,171	35,316	35,350	35,493
Women who maintain families	9,714	9,627	9,958	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(1)	122,303	125,892	124,728	121,873	123,135	123,586	123,892	124,301	124,296
Part-time workers(2)	26,677	25,912	27,250	27,009	27,936	27,445	27,595	27,207	27,637
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,297	7,234	7,846	7,351	7,412	7,207	7,361	7,562	7,863
Percent of total employed	4.9	4.8	5.2	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.9	5.0	5.2
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,534	5,342	5,734	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,262	9,577	9,486	9,177	9,678	9,612	9,426	9,495	9,461
Footnotes (1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	7,925	7,849	7,939	5.1	4.7	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.0
16 to 19 years	908	938	945	16.2	16.0	16.0	15.6	15.7	15.8
16 to 17 years	348	366	385	17.6	18.5	17.0	15.3	16.7	17.3
18 to 19 years	575	579	573	15.8	14.4	15.5	15.9	15.2	15.2
20 years and over	7,017	6,910	6,994	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
20 to 24 years	1,416	1,246	1,242	9.2	8.3	8.7	9.0	8.1	8.1
25 years and over	5,582	5,681	5,759	4.1	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.2
25 to 54 years	4,223	4,423	4,446	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.3	4.3
25 to 34 years	1,766	1,861	1,855	5.1	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.2
35 to 44 years	1,311	1,331	1,363	4.0	3.5	3.7	3.5	4.1	4.1
45 to 54 years	1,146	1,232	1,229	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.6
55 years and over	1,323	1,268	1,279	3.8	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.6
Men, 16 years and over	4,282	4,232	4,329	5.1	4.7	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.1
16 to 19 years	479	537	504	16.8	16.2	17.1	16.5	17.5	16.5
16 to 17 years	188	196	197	19.0	19.3	18.3	15.0	17.9	18.8
18 to 19 years	303	345	316	16.1	14.3	16.9	17.4	17.5	15.6
20 years and over	3,803	3,695	3,825	4.7	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.7
20 to 24 years	824	743	726	10.4	8.8	9.4	10.1	9.3	9.2
25 years and over	2,969	2,950	3,106	4.1	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.2
25 to 54 years	2,224	2,251	2,355	4.1	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.3
25 to 34 years	976	964	1,003	5.2	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.2
35 to 44 years	649	665	723	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.8	4.1
45 to 54 years	599	622	629	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.7	3.5	3.5
55 years and over	745	698	751	4.0	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.9
Women, 16 years and over	3,643	3,617	3,610	5.0	4.7	4.9	4.7	4.9	4.8
16 to 19 years	429	402	441	15.6	15.9	14.8	14.8	13.7	15.0
16 to 17 years	160	171	188	16.2	17.8	15.6	15.6	15.5	15.9
18 to 19 years	272	234	257	15.4	14.5	14.0	14.2	12.8	14.8
20 years and over	3,214	3,215	3,169	4.5	4.2	4.5	4.3	4.5	4.4
20 to 24 years	592	503	516	7.9	7.7	7.9	7.8	6.8	7.0
25 years and over	2,612	2,731	2,652	4.1	3.8	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.1
25 to 54 years	1,999	2,172	2,091	4.3	4.1	4.3	4.0	4.6	4.4
25 to 34 years	789	897	852	5.0	5.0	5.2	5.0	5.4	5.1
35 to 44 years	662	665	640	4.4	3.6	4.1	3.5	4.4	4.2
45 to 54 years	547	609	599	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.8	3.8
55 years and over	590	558	550	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	1,271	1,240	1,345	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.9
Married women, spouse present	1,091	1,107	1,101	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.0
Women who maintain families(1)	739	821	680	7.1	6.6	7.3	7.2	7.9	6.4
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(2)	6,601	6,411	6,521	5.1	4.7	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.0
Part-time workers(3)	1,356	1,427	1,434	4.8	4.5	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.9
Footnotes (1) Not seasonally adjusted. (2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,509	3,787	3,536	3,883	3,573	3,776	3,739	3,791	3,967
On temporary layoff	574	1,000	694	901	829	1,097	997	998	1,075
Not on temporary layoff	2,935	2,787	2,842	2,982	2,744	2,679	2,743	2,792	2,892
Permanent job losers	2,121	1,987	1,968	2,139	1,982	1,917	2,021	2,005	1,986
Persons who completed temporary jobs	813	800	874	843	762	763	722	787	906
Job leavers	849	967	991	778	796	828	824	885	893
Reentrants	2,474	2,283	2,367	2,443	2,209	2,268	2,298	2,271	2,333
New entrants	796	959	764	832	865	902	826	861	805
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	46.0	47.4	46.2	48.9	48.0	48.6	48.6	48.6	49.6
On temporary layoff	7.5	12.5	9.1	11.3	11.1	14.1	13.0	12.8	13.4
Not on temporary layoff	38.5	34.9	37.1	37.6	36.9	34.5	35.7	35.8	36.2
Job leavers	11.1	12.1	12.9	9.8	10.7	10.7	10.7	11.3	11.2
Reentrants	32.4	28.5	30.9	30.8	29.7	29.2	29.9	29.1	29.2
New entrants	10.4	12.0	10.0	10.5	11.6	11.6	10.7	11.0	10.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.5
Job leavers	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6
Reentrants	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5
New entrants	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,324	2,308	2,562	2,373	2,207	2,418	2,160	2,290	2,574
5 to 14 weeks	2,096	2,746	2,092	2,211	2,239	2,140	2,266	2,329	2,234
15 weeks and over	3,207	2,942	3,004	3,337	3,058	3,108	3,170	3,062	3,131
15 to 26 weeks	1,143	946	1,083	1,228	1,173	1,129	1,150	1,056	1,157
27 weeks and over	2,064	1,996	1,921	2,109	1,885	1,979	2,020	2,006	1,974
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	26.2	26.7	27.2	26.3	26.7	27.7	28.1	27.6	27.5
Median duration, in weeks	11.4	10.3	10.2	11.3	10.7	10.3	11.6	11.2	10.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	30.5	28.9	33.5	30.0	29.4	31.5	28.4	29.8	32.4
5 to 14 weeks	27.5	34.3	27.3	27.9	29.8	27.9	29.8	30.3	28.1
15 weeks and over	42.0	36.8	39.2	42.1	40.8	40.5	41.7	39.9	39.4
15 to 26 weeks	15.0	11.8	14.1	15.5	15.6	14.7	15.1	13.8	14.6
27 weeks and over	27.1	25.0	25.1	26.6	25.1	25.8	26.6	26.1	24.9
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016
Total, 16 years and over(1)	148,980	151,977	7,628	7,658	4.9	4.8
Management, professional, and related occupations	58,105	59,599	1,414	1,652	2.4	2.7
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	24,485	24,729	590	708	2.4	2.8
Professional and related occupations	33,619	34,870	823	944	2.4	2.6
Service occupations	25,808	27,100	1,815	1,690	6.6	5.9
Sales and office occupations	33,106	33,435	1,782	1,614	5.1	4.6
Sales and related occupations	15,498	15,704	912	855	5.6	5.2
Office and administrative support occupations	17,608	17,731	871	760	4.7	4.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,865	14,106	823	772	5.6	5.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,116	1,159	68	116	5.7	9.1
Construction and extraction occupations	7,611	8,101	570	489	7.0	5.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	5,139	4,845	185	167	3.5	3.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,095	17,738	982	1,151	5.1	6.1
Production occupations	8,743	8,261	410	561	4.5	6.4
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,352	9,477	572	590	5.8	5.9
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016
Total, 16 years and over(1)	7,628	7,658	4.9	4.8
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,918	5,828	4.8	4.6
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	99	43	11.2	5.7
Construction	479	474	5.5	5.2
Manufacturing	652	668	4.1	4.2
Durable goods	386	410	3.9	4.1
Nondurable goods	266	258	4.4	4.3
Wholesale and retail trade	1,091	1,002	5.4	5.0
Transportation and utilities	218	283	3.4	4.3
Information	126	139	4.7	5.2
Financial activities	247	296	2.6	3.0
Professional and business services	843	902	5.3	5.3
Education and health services	802	860	3.5	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,008	917	7.5	6.5
Other services	353	245	5.3	3.7
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	67	139	4.0	8.1
Government workers	477	538	2.3	2.5
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	370	389	3.8	3.9
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2015	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016	Aug. 2016	Sept. 2016
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.5
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.9	5.0	4.8	5.1	4.7	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.4	5.0	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.3
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	6.0	6.0	5.9	6.2	5.7	6.0	6.0	5.9	6.0
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	9.6	9.7	9.3	10.0	9.7	9.6	9.7	9.7	9.7
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2016
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	94,718	94,456	37,975	37,779	56,743	56,677
Persons who currently want a job	5,584	5,753	2,529	2,745	3,055	3,008
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,921	1,844	982	993	940	851
Discouraged workers(2)	635	553	377	321	258	232
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,287	1,292	604	672	682	619
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,297	7,846	3,573	3,691	3,724	4,154
Percent of total employed	4.9	5.2	4.5	4.6	5.4	5.8
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,859	4,298	2,110	2,358	1,749	1,939
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,999	2,087	678	637	1,321	1,451
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	267	319	182	195	84	124
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,109	1,065	580	470	530	595
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)	Change from: Aug.2016 - Sept.2016(p)
Total nonfarm	142,520	144,183	144,416	144,943	142,300	144,424	144,591	144,747	156
Total private	120,584	123,259	123,302	122,845	120,264	122,255	122,399	122,566	167
Goods-producing	19,840	19,983	19,976	19,877	19,550	19,627	19,602	19,612	10
Mining and logging	799	693	690	689	790	685	681	681	0
Logging	53.3	51.4	51.3	50.8	50.7	49.5	49.1	49.1	0.0
Mining	746.1	641.5	638.3	638.2	739.6	635.3	632.1	632.3	0.2
Oil and gas extraction	189.7	173.8	173.9	172.4	189.2	171.9	172.6	172.6	0.0
Mining, except oil and gas	198.9	184.1	185.1	184.8	195.0	180.2	180.5	181.4	0.9
Coal mining	63.9	52.6	53.2	53.3	63.9	52.8	52.8	52.9	0.1
Metal ore mining	40.5	38.4	38.4	38.5	40.5	38.2	38.4	38.8	0.4
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	94.5	93.1	93.5	93.0	90.5	89.2	89.3	89.7	0.4
Support activities for mining	357.5	283.6	279.3	281.0	355.4	283.2	279.0	278.3	-0.7
Construction	6,678	6,915	6,919	6,886	6,451	6,651	6,646	6,669	23
Construction of buildings	1,445.5	1,507.0	1,505.8	1,500.0	1,413.2	1,461.7	1,461.8	1,465.5	3.7
Residential building	710.0	745.7	750.4	756.0	691.1	722.2	729.7	737.6	7.9
Nonresidential building	735.5	761.3	755.4	744.0	722.1	739.5	732.1	727.9	-4.2
Heavy and civil engineering construction	995.5	994.7	991.3	994.3	931.0	936.1	927.4	931.7	4.3
Specialty trade contractors	4,237.4	4,413.7	4,421.5	4,391.8	4,106.6	4,253.0	4,256.9	4,271.6	14.7
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,842.4	1,944.5	1,945.7	1,936.4	1,779.8	1,864.6	1,871.5	1,879.3	7.8
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,395.0	2,469.2	2,475.8	2,455.4	2,326.8	2,388.4	2,385.4	2,392.3	6.9
Manufacturing	12,363	12,375	12,367	12,302	12,309	12,291	12,275	12,262	-13
Durable goods	7,760	7,720	7,706	7,667	7,749	7,685	7,668	7,657	-11
Wood products	383.8	387.4	387.4	384.0	381.2	382.4	381.8	380.2	-1.6
Nonmetallic mineral products	403.1	409.9	407.8	406.8	397.3	400.2	399.0	400.3	1.3
Primary metals	387.5	374.0	372.5	371.9	387.3	374.3	372.5	371.6	-0.9
Fabricated metal products	1,449.6	1,429.6	1,427.0	1,421.2	1,448.5	1,424.3	1,423.3	1,421.8	-1.5
Machinery	1,112.0	1,085.0	1,082.2	1,077.2	1,113.8	1,080.7	1,081.0	1,080.6	-0.4
Computer and electronic products	1,048.2	1,043.3	1,042.2	1,034.1	1,048.6	1,037.2	1,036.1	1,034.6	-1.5
Computer and peripheral equipment	161.7	165.0	163.7	162.2	161.2	162.5	161.8	162.3	0.5
Communications equipment	86.7	85.1	84.8	84.3	86.9	84.8	84.5	84.3	-0.2
Semiconductors and electronic components	365.4	361.7	362.7	358.0	365.9	360.4	360.3	358.6	-1.7
Electronic instruments	399.2	396.8	396.2	394.6	399.5	394.7	394.6	394.3	-0.3
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	35.2	34.7	34.8	35.0	35.1	34.7	34.8	35.1	0.3
Electrical equipment and appliances	384.5	385.6	382.6	380.3	384.3	382.9	381.0	380.2	-0.8
Transportation equipment(1)	1,612.7	1,613.0	1,613.2	1,606.1	1,611.7	1,616.1	1,608.1	1,603.9	-4.2
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	922.8	928.4	932.6	928.1	921.1	931.8	927.2	924.1	-3.1
Furniture and related products	385.0	390.7	391.3	386.9	383.7	387.3	386.8	385.1	-1.7
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	593.3	601.2	599.5	598.1	592.9	599.9	598.1	598.4	0.3
Nondurable goods	4,603	4,655	4,661	4,635	4,560	4,606	4,607	4,605	-2
Food manufacturing	1,530.3	1,564.9	1,575.2	1,557.7	1,499.0	1,536.4	1,537.6	1,533.3	-4.3
Textile mills	115.4	112.9	112.5	111.7	115.1	112.9	112.5	112.2	-0.3
Textile product mills	117.0	115.5	115.3	116.0	116.7	115.1	115.4	116.6	1.2
Apparel	137.0	129.8	131.0	132.2	136.0	131.3	131.1	131.0	-0.1
Paper and paper products	372.7	372.6	372.3	370.4	373.3	370.4	370.8	370.3	-0.5
Printing and related support activities	446.5	442.5	440.1	439.7	446.9	442.1	439.6	440.3	0.7
Petroleum and coal products	118.5	118.0	117.9	117.3	116.3	115.3	115.7	116.0	0.3
Chemicals	809.5	823.9	822.0	818.2	809.6	818.9	819.8	820.2	0.4
Plastics and rubber products	687.1	695.9	693.6	690.0	686.2	691.9	690.8	690.8	0.0
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	268.9	278.5	281.0	281.9	260.4	271.9	273.3	274.6	1.3
Private service-providing	100,744	103,276	103,326	102,968	100,714	102,628	102,797	102,954	157
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26,889	27,347	27,359	27,267	26,987	27,340	27,383	27,407	24
Wholesale trade	5,879.0	5,956.5	5,954.3	5,938.7	5,878.3	5,924.0	5,928.7	5,938.4	9.7
Durable goods	2,932.8	2,964.4	2,964.5	2,951.5	2,935.2	2,948.4	2,950.4	2,954.5	4.1
Nondurable goods	2,045.5	2,078.6	2,074.7	2,076.2	2,041.3	2,065.1	2,066.1	2,073.0	6.9
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	900.7	913.5	915.1	911.0	901.8	910.5	912.2	910.9	-1.3
Retail trade	15,564.4	15,976.8	15,965.1	15,839.2	15,681.0	15,954.7	15,975.6	15,997.6	22.0
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,955.6	2,012.2	2,015.9	2,011.8	1,944.1	1,994.4	1,999.9	2,004.4	4.5
Automobile dealers	1,254.7	1,294.4	1,297.2	1,297.5	1,249.6	1,288.4	1,290.9	1,293.6	2.7
Other motor vehicle dealers	149.3	159.2	157.1	153.3	146.2	150.2	150.7	151.2	0.5
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	551.6	558.6	561.6	561.0	548.3	555.9	558.3	559.6	1.3
Furniture and home furnishings stores	466.7	479.4	481.8	479.3	471.4	484.9	486.7	486.7	0.0
Electronics and appliance stores	520.9	517.2	513.9	517.6	528.9	528.7	527.6	529.0	1.4
Building material and garden supply stores	1,221.7	1,322.1	1,298.7	1,267.8	1,238.0	1,284.4	1,293.7	1,289.1	-4.6
Food and beverage stores	3,071.7	3,134.7	3,127.7	3,102.9	3,075.1	3,103.1	3,107.7	3,108.7	1.0
Health and personal care stores	1,025.7	1,045.1	1,044.3	1,039.9	1,031.3	1,047.0	1,046.5	1,046.2	-0.3
Gasoline stations	911.2	937.3	938.5	936.4	907.5	924.6	923.0	930.5	7.5
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,328.5	1,370.3	1,372.2	1,349.6	1,361.8	1,381.2	1,378.3	1,392.6	14.3
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	613.2	610.2	615.4	612.5	619.0	628.3	627.3	625.2	-2.1
General merchandise stores	3,100.4	3,166.9	3,172.5	3,149.7	3,156.4	3,198.6	3,205.8	3,209.9	4.1
Department stores	1,287.4	1,291.1	1,294.4	1,280.7	1,326.3	1,316.3	1,319.6	1,322.4	2.8
Other general merchandise stores	1,813.0	1,875.8	1,878.1	1,869.0	1,830.1	1,882.3	1,886.2	1,887.5	1.3
Miscellaneous store retailers	833.9	851.5	851.2	837.0	827.5	841.4	840.0	836.9	-3.1
Nonstore retailers	514.9	529.9	533.0	534.7	520.0	538.1	539.1	538.4	-0.7
Transportation and warehousing	4,885.5	4,842.8	4,871.8	4,924.7	4,867.1	4,896.1	4,914.7	4,905.7	-9.0
Air transportation	460.5	474.8	475.9	471.8	460.5	470.3	471.9	471.1	-0.8
Rail transportation	238.4	217.4	217.4	216.4	238.7	216.6	216.8	215.6	-1.2
Water transportation	64.4	65.4	64.9	63.0	63.5	62.6	62.7	62.5	-0.2
Truck transportation	1,479.7	1,475.5	1,483.3	1,474.5	1,458.8	1,456.3	1,460.3	1,456.7	-3.6
Transit and ground passenger transportation	487.2	415.4	418.6	473.3	475.3	474.1	477.1	463.0	-14.1
Pipeline transportation	50.3	48.3	48.0	47.8	50.1	48.0	48.1	48.1	0.0
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	38.4	40.2	41.1	36.5	33.0	30.7	30.7	30.3	-0.4
Support activities for transportation	657.9	652.9	654.1	656.9	657.7	651.7	653.0	656.3	3.3
Couriers and messengers	584.5	591.7	600.8	609.9	606.0	623.1	627.0	629.7	2.7
Warehousing and storage	824.2	861.2	867.7	874.6	823.5	862.7	867.1	872.4	5.3
Utilities	560.1	570.7	567.3	564.5	560.8	565.2	564.4	564.8	0.4
Information	2,756	2,791	2,786	2,760	2,766	2,777	2,773	2,774	1
Publishing industries, except Internet	727.7	729.6	731.8	725.6	726.0	726.4	729.0	726.4	-2.6
Motion picture and sound recording industries	396.9	427.4	425.8	412.5	407.7	418.6	416.2	420.9	4.7
Broadcasting, except Internet	280.4	275.1	276.5	276.2	279.0	275.4	277.3	276.7	-0.6
Telecommunications	808.3	796.5	788.4	781.6	809.8	796.4	788.3	784.6	-3.7
Data processing, hosting and related services	298.4	299.7	299.9	300.1	299.4	299.2	300.1	300.7	0.6
Other information services	243.9	262.4	263.7	263.9	244.4	260.7	262.2	264.3	2.1
Financial activities	8,157	8,379	8,378	8,327	8,153	8,300	8,313	8,319	6
Finance and insurance	6,049.6	6,184.5	6,188.5	6,165.7	6,058.1	6,158.2	6,170.6	6,172.5	1.9
Monetary authorities - central bank	17.8	18.2	18.0	17.8	17.8	17.9	17.8	17.8	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,567.2	2,617.5	2,619.0	2,605.7	2,569.6	2,604.9	2,608.4	2,608.9	0.5
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,672.4	1,697.1	1,696.2	1,687.4	1,676.4	1,689.3	1,690.0	1,691.7	1.7
Commercial banking	1,263.2	1,273.2	1,271.2	1,264.9	1,266.7	1,268.1	1,267.7	1,268.2	0.5
Nondepository credit intermediation	599.0	607.7	609.9	609.5	596.9	606.4	607.4	609.1	1.7
Activities related to credit intermediation	295.8	312.7	312.9	308.8	296.3	309.2	311.0	308.0	-3.0
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	909.3	935.4	939.1	933.6	912.9	929.4	934.2	933.9	-0.3
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,555.3	2,613.4	2,612.4	2,608.6	2,557.8	2,606.0	2,610.2	2,611.9	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,107.4	2,194.2	2,189.0	2,160.8	2,094.8	2,141.9	2,142.6	2,146.0	3.4
Real estate	1,528.9	1,590.9	1,593.2	1,578.8	1,524.0	1,562.6	1,567.6	1,572.5	4.9
Rental and leasing services	554.9	579.4	572.1	558.7	547.2	555.8	551.6	550.1	-1.5
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.6	23.9	23.7	23.3	23.6	23.5	23.4	23.4	0.0
Professional and business services	19,837	20,372	20,424	20,431	19,782	20,266	20,297	20,364	67
Professional and technical services	8,587.6	8,936.9	8,940.0	8,901.5	8,677.7	8,935.3	8,959.9	8,989.8	29.9
Legal services	1,117.0	1,135.4	1,128.2	1,122.0	1,122.8	1,125.6	1,125.2	1,125.6	0.4
Accounting and bookkeeping services	918.7	960.5	960.8	958.7	992.3	1,024.8	1,025.6	1,031.7	6.1
Architectural and engineering services	1,418.4	1,464.4	1,460.9	1,447.8	1,413.4	1,441.8	1,443.2	1,444.7	1.5
Specialized design services	136.1	144.7	145.9	144.2	136.4	144.2	145.5	145.7	0.2
Computer systems design and related services	1,923.6	2,016.2	2,020.9	2,007.7	1,934.8	2,002.7	2,009.1	2,014.5	5.4
Management and technical consulting services	1,274.3	1,348.4	1,353.1	1,362.1	1,275.7	1,343.2	1,350.0	1,365.9	15.9
Scientific research and development services	657.6	682.4	681.5	672.2	660.8	673.3	676.7	675.6	-1.1
Advertising and related services	486.8	501.6	500.3	498.3	487.8	499.4	499.0	499.5	0.5
Other professional and technical services	655.1	683.3	688.4	688.5	653.6	680.4	685.6	686.7	1.1
Management of companies and enterprises	2,225.6	2,290.7	2,285.6	2,279.8	2,229.0	2,276.2	2,274.9	2,278.0	3.1
Administrative and waste services	9,023.8	9,144.5	9,198.8	9,249.2	8,875.6	9,054.4	9,062.3	9,096.5	34.2
Administrative and support services	8,620.1	8,726.9	8,781.3	8,836.2	8,475.8	8,647.4	8,652.6	8,687.2	34.6
Office administrative services	470.9	494.3	497.3	497.4	471.1	492.9	495.4	496.7	1.3
Facilities support services	143.1	142.7	143.0	144.7	142.8	143.4	143.7	144.8	1.1
Employment services(1)	3,621.6	3,563.0	3,619.5	3,692.5	3,551.8	3,595.9	3,594.0	3,615.8	21.8
Temporary help services	2,952.3	2,884.3	2,941.4	3,007.4	2,890.7	2,922.9	2,921.9	2,945.1	23.2
Business support services	892.0	905.6	911.5	920.7	896.6	920.6	922.8	927.7	4.9
Travel arrangement and reservation services	202.9	208.4	207.7	205.2	202.3	205.1	205.5	205.1	-0.4
Investigation and security services	884.4	898.6	902.8	908.7	873.8	901.3	900.5	900.8	0.3
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,092.0	2,190.9	2,175.8	2,140.1	2,024.8	2,066.5	2,067.7	2,072.1	4.4
Other support services	313.2	323.4	323.7	326.9	312.4	321.6	323.0	324.1	1.1
Waste management and remediation services	403.7	417.6	417.5	413.0	399.8	407.0	409.7	409.3	-0.4
Education and health services	22,102	22,371	22,428	22,714	22,192	22,714	22,771	22,800	29
Educational services	3,413.6	3,223.6	3,214.4	3,497.0	3,471.5	3,524.3	3,536.0	3,543.2	7.2
Health care and social assistance	18,688.1	19,147.2	19,213.7	19,216.6	18,720.3	19,189.2	19,234.5	19,256.3	21.8
Health care(3)	15,167.5	15,587.8	15,616.1	15,614.6	15,183.6	15,573.7	15,596.0	15,628.7	32.7
Ambulatory health care services	6,906.9	7,141.2	7,169.9	7,175.7	6,919.9	7,144.8	7,163.0	7,186.9	23.9
Offices of physicians	2,543.3	2,618.1	2,621.8	2,627.0	2,549.8	2,617.8	2,621.0	2,630.7	9.7
Offices of dentists	908.9	939.2	944.4	940.3	909.0	938.6	940.7	943.6	2.9
Offices of other health practitioners	815.1	860.7	870.2	864.3	819.1	861.7	866.5	867.5	1.0
Outpatient care centers	749.8	782.3	785.2	788.7	751.9	781.5	785.0	789.3	4.3
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	261.8	260.1	259.0	257.0	262.6	259.1	259.0	258.6	-0.4
Home health care services	1,337.7	1,387.9	1,393.8	1,402.7	1,337.4	1,392.8	1,396.3	1,402.1	5.8
Other ambulatory health care services	290.3	292.9	295.5	295.7	290.2	293.3	294.3	295.1	0.8
Hospitals	4,955.2	5,098.0	5,106.2	5,112.1	4,955.1	5,092.1	5,103.3	5,110.2	6.9
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,305.4	3,348.6	3,340.0	3,326.8	3,308.6	3,336.8	3,329.7	3,331.6	1.9
Nursing care facilities	1,657.1	1,670.6	1,662.5	1,658.3	1,657.1	1,664.0	1,658.2	1,658.5	0.3
Residential mental health facilities	606.9	613.9	614.4	612.2	607.6	611.8	612.6	612.7	0.1
Community care facilities for the elderly	879.2	897.8	898.8	892.9	881.8	896.6	895.9	896.5	0.6
Other residential care facilities	162.2	166.3	164.3	163.4	162.1	164.5	163.0	163.8	0.8
Social assistance	3,520.6	3,559.4	3,597.6	3,602.0	3,536.7	3,615.5	3,638.5	3,627.6	-10.9
Individual and family services	2,148.9	2,220.3	2,233.7	2,220.5	2,164.2	2,220.4	2,235.4	2,236.0	0.6
Emergency and other relief services	155.6	157.8	159.8	158.0	156.1	157.2	159.9	158.8	-1.1
Vocational rehabilitation services	335.9	340.7	337.8	332.8	336.2	334.1	334.2	334.2	0.0
Child day care services	880.2	840.6	866.3	890.7	880.1	903.8	909.0	898.7	-10.3
Leisure and hospitality	15,389	16,258	16,216	15,766	15,208	15,538	15,559	15,574	15
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,240.9	2,599.3	2,538.6	2,307.4	2,181.8	2,254.0	2,250.9	2,231.5	-19.4
Performing arts and spectator sports	477.2	518.7	518.0	500.4	462.3	492.1	486.5	473.3	-13.2
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	155.6	175.8	172.2	159.2	154.0	160.6	159.9	158.2	-1.7
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,608.1	1,904.8	1,848.4	1,647.8	1,565.5	1,601.3	1,604.5	1,600.0	-4.5
Accommodation and food services	13,147.6	13,659.0	13,677.3	13,458.4	13,026.5	13,284.1	13,307.6	13,342.3	34.7
Accommodation	1,962.1	2,087.3	2,067.2	1,973.0	1,919.5	1,936.2	1,930.1	1,935.1	5.0
Food services and drinking places	11,185.5	11,571.7	11,610.1	11,485.4	11,107.0	11,347.9	11,377.5	11,407.2	29.7
Other services	5,614	5,758	5,735	5,703	5,626	5,693	5,701	5,716	15
Repair and maintenance	1,277.0	1,291.8	1,286.6	1,285.0	1,273.5	1,286.3	1,282.8	1,283.5	0.7
Personal and laundry services	1,404.9	1,443.9	1,442.7	1,446.8	1,406.1	1,434.8	1,439.2	1,446.6	7.4
Membership associations and organizations	2,932.5	3,022.6	3,005.7	2,971.2	2,946.7	2,972.1	2,979.1	2,985.4	6.3
Government	21,936	20,924	21,114	22,098	22,036	22,169	22,192	22,181	-11
Federal	2,758.0	2,805.0	2,804.0	2,805.0	2,754.0	2,790.0	2,792.0	2,796.0	4.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,164.6	2,198.9	2,195.0	2,193.4	2,157.9	2,180.2	2,179.4	2,181.0	1.6
U.S. Postal Service	593.7	605.8	609.0	611.1	595.6	609.8	612.7	614.8	2.1
State government	5,140.0	4,780.0	4,807.0	5,142.0	5,113.0	5,110.0	5,109.0	5,109.0	0.0
State government education	2,467.7	2,091.5	2,124.6	2,476.2	2,435.7	2,440.5	2,437.5	2,441.5	4.0
State government, excluding education	2,672.3	2,688.0	2,682.8	2,665.4	2,677.4	2,669.5	2,671.6	2,667.1	-4.5
Local government	14,038.0	13,339.0	13,503.0	14,151.0	14,169.0	14,269.0	14,291.0	14,276.0	-15.0
Local government education	7,703.6	6,696.4	6,905.2	7,749.6	7,833.6	7,870.1	7,885.6	7,871.3	-14.3
Local government, excluding education	6,334.4	6,642.3	6,598.2	6,401.6	6,335.1	6,399.3	6,405.7	6,404.3	-1.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.5	34.4	34.3	34.4
Goods-producing	40.2	40.3	40.1	40.2
Mining and logging	44.0	43.2	42.9	43.4
Construction	39.1	39.2	38.8	39.1
Manufacturing	40.6	40.8	40.6	40.7
Durable goods	40.9	41.3	41.1	41.1
Nondurable goods	40.1	39.9	39.8	39.9
Private service-providing	33.4	33.3	33.2	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.7	34.4	34.2	34.2
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.9	38.8	38.9
Retail trade	31.6	31.1	30.9	30.8
Transportation and warehousing	39.0	38.8	38.6	38.7
Utilities	42.5	42.4	42.2	42.5
Information	36.0	36.1	35.9	35.9
Financial activities	37.7	37.7	37.5	37.5
Professional and business services	36.1	36.1	36.0	36.1
Education and health services	32.8	32.9	32.9	32.9
Leisure and hospitality	26.3	26.1	26.0	26.1
Other services	31.8	32.0	32.0	31.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.3
Durable goods	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.3
Nondurable goods	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)
Total private	$25.14	$25.71	$25.73	$25.79	$867.33	$884.42	$882.54	$887.18
Goods-producing	26.30	26.97	27.00	27.08	1,057.26	1,086.89	1,082.70	1,088.62
Mining and logging	31.42	31.89	31.82	31.97	1,382.48	1,377.65	1,365.08	1,387.50
Construction	27.36	28.20	28.22	28.30	1,069.78	1,105.44	1,094.94	1,106.53
Manufacturing	25.41	26.03	26.08	26.16	1,031.65	1,062.02	1,058.85	1,064.71
Durable goods	26.71	27.32	27.39	27.44	1,092.44	1,128.32	1,125.73	1,127.78
Nondurable goods	23.17	23.82	23.83	23.96	929.12	950.42	948.43	956.00
Private service-providing	24.86	25.41	25.44	25.50	830.32	846.15	844.61	849.15
Trade, transportation, and utilities	21.91	22.39	22.42	22.46	760.28	770.22	766.76	768.13
Wholesale trade	28.77	29.69	29.61	29.63	1,116.28	1,154.94	1,148.87	1,152.61
Retail trade	17.64	17.86	17.90	17.87	557.42	555.45	553.11	550.40
Transportation and warehousing	22.90	23.36	23.46	23.65	893.10	906.37	905.56	915.26
Utilities	37.26	38.38	38.28	38.23	1,583.55	1,627.31	1,615.42	1,624.78
Information	35.35	36.58	36.72	36.83	1,272.60	1,320.54	1,318.25	1,322.20
Financial activities	31.70	32.43	32.45	32.48	1,195.09	1,222.61	1,216.88	1,218.00
Professional and business services	30.27	30.90	30.92	30.93	1,092.75	1,115.49	1,113.12	1,116.57
Education and health services	25.35	25.71	25.73	25.81	831.48	845.86	846.52	849.15
Leisure and hospitality	14.38	14.94	14.98	15.07	378.19	389.93	389.48	393.33
Other services	22.60	22.91	22.95	23.01	718.68	733.12	734.40	734.02
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2016 - Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2016 - Sept. 2016(p)
Total private	104.1	105.6	105.4	105.8	0.4	125.1	129.7	129.6	130.5	0.7
Goods-producing	89.5	90.1	89.6	89.8	0.2	106.4	109.8	109.3	109.9	0.5
Mining and logging	109.2	93.0	91.8	92.9	1.2	137.8	119.1	117.3	119.2	1.6
Construction	86.9	89.9	88.9	89.9	1.1	103.4	110.1	109.0	110.5	1.4
Manufacturing	89.9	90.2	89.7	89.8	0.1	106.2	109.2	108.7	109.2	0.5
Durable goods	89.2	89.4	88.7	88.6	-0.1	105.8	108.4	107.9	108.0	0.1
Nondurable goods	91.3	91.7	91.5	91.7	0.2	107.3	110.8	110.6	111.5	0.8
Private service-providing	108.2	109.9	109.8	110.3	0.5	130.7	135.8	135.7	136.7	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	101.8	102.3	101.9	101.9	0.0	120.1	123.3	122.9	123.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	99.5	100.5	100.4	100.8	0.4	119.5	124.6	124.0	124.6	0.5
Retail trade	100.7	100.8	100.3	100.1	-0.2	117.4	119.0	118.7	118.2	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing	108.6	108.7	108.6	108.7	0.1	126.3	128.9	129.3	130.4	0.9
Utilities	103.1	103.7	103.1	103.9	0.8	126.9	131.5	130.3	131.2	0.7
Information	90.9	91.6	90.9	90.9	0.0	114.5	119.2	118.9	119.3	0.3
Financial activities	100.7	102.5	102.1	102.2	0.1	124.5	129.6	129.2	129.4	0.2
Professional and business services	112.3	115.1	114.9	115.6	0.6	137.7	144.0	144.0	144.9	0.6
Education and health services	118.9	122.0	122.3	122.5	0.2	144.9	150.9	151.3	152.0	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	114.1	115.7	115.4	116.0	0.5	132.4	139.5	139.5	141.0	1.1
Other services	103.2	105.0	105.2	105.1	-0.1	127.8	131.9	132.3	132.6	0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)
Total nonfarm	70,249	71,687	71,821	71,877	49.4	49.6	49.7	49.7
Total private	57,633	58,933	59,047	59,134	47.9	48.2	48.2	48.2
Goods-producing	4,273	4,298	4,298	4,299	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
Mining and logging	111	100	99	101	14.1	14.6	14.5	14.8
Construction	814	829	831	833	12.6	12.5	12.5	12.5
Manufacturing	3,348	3,369	3,368	3,365	27.2	27.4	27.4	27.4
Durable goods	1,801	1,800	1,800	1,798	23.2	23.4	23.5	23.5
Nondurable goods	1,547	1,569	1,568	1,567	33.9	34.1	34.0	34.0
Private service-providing	53,360	54,635	54,749	54,835	53.0	53.2	53.3	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	10,909	11,145	11,160	11,179	40.4	40.8	40.8	40.8
Wholesale trade	1,728.1	1,749.9	1,749.3	1,759.2	29.4	29.5	29.5	29.6
Retail trade	7,896.4	8,069.1	8,080.4	8,091.7	50.4	50.6	50.6	50.6
Transportation and warehousing	1,150.3	1,193.1	1,198.8	1,196.6	23.6	24.4	24.4	24.4
Utilities	134.3	132.5	131.8	131.3	23.9	23.4	23.4	23.2
Information	1,107	1,108	1,110	1,112	40.0	39.9	40.0	40.1
Financial activities	4,649	4,726	4,731	4,737	57.0	56.9	56.9	56.9
Professional and business services	8,819	9,088	9,114	9,146	44.6	44.8	44.9	44.9
Education and health services	17,076	17,514	17,561	17,566	76.9	77.1	77.1	77.0
Leisure and hospitality	7,861	8,067	8,083	8,090	51.7	51.9	52.0	51.9
Other services	2,939	2,987	2,990	3,005	52.2	52.5	52.4	52.6
Government	12,616	12,754	12,774	12,743	57.3	57.5	57.6	57.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)
Total private	99,129	100,721	100,774	100,919
Goods-producing	14,090	14,120	14,088	14,092
Mining and logging	572	481	475	472
Construction	4,864	5,019	5,013	5,030
Manufacturing	8,654	8,620	8,600	8,590
Durable goods	5,338	5,278	5,260	5,252
Nondurable goods	3,316	3,342	3,340	3,338
Private service-providing	85,039	86,601	86,686	86,827
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22,694	22,963	22,991	23,013
Wholesale trade	4,717.8	4,742.0	4,745.7	4,755.4
Retail trade	13,316.6	13,534.1	13,551.0	13,566.5
Transportation and warehousing	4,210.2	4,232.6	4,240.7	4,236.9
Utilities	449.3	454.3	453.4	454.4
Information	2,243	2,234	2,233	2,229
Financial activities	6,303	6,443	6,450	6,456
Professional and business services	16,231	16,585	16,577	16,657
Education and health services	19,483	19,948	19,991	20,007
Leisure and hospitality	13,403	13,702	13,714	13,717
Other services	4,682	4,726	4,730	4,748
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.7	33.5	33.5
Goods-producing	41.1	41.3	41.0	41.1
Mining and logging	45.2	45.3	45.0	45.7
Construction	39.5	39.7	39.4	39.7
Manufacturing	41.7	42.0	41.8	41.7
Durable goods	41.9	42.5	42.2	42.2
Nondurable goods	41.4	41.2	41.0	41.0
Private service-providing	32.4	32.4	32.3	32.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.8	33.6	33.4	33.4
Wholesale trade	38.5	38.7	38.6	38.6
Retail trade	30.2	29.8	29.6	29.6
Transportation and warehousing	38.8	38.8	38.6	38.8
Utilities	42.3	42.6	42.5	42.6
Information	35.5	35.7	35.7	35.7
Financial activities	37.1	37.0	36.9	36.9
Professional and business services	35.3	35.5	35.3	35.2
Education and health services	32.1	32.2	32.2	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	25.1	24.9	24.8	24.9
Other services	30.6	30.9	30.9	30.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.2	4.3	4.2	4.2
Durable goods	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.4
Nondurable goods	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)
Total private	$21.12	$21.59	$21.63	$21.68	$711.74	$727.58	$724.61	$726.28
Goods-producing	21.99	22.65	22.71	22.77	903.79	935.45	931.11	935.85
Mining and logging	26.70	27.06	27.14	27.18	1,206.84	1,225.82	1,221.30	1,242.13
Construction	24.97	26.09	26.16	26.24	986.32	1,035.77	1,030.70	1,041.73
Manufacturing	20.07	20.48	20.55	20.57	836.92	860.16	858.99	857.77
Durable goods	21.06	21.50	21.57	21.59	882.41	913.75	910.25	911.10
Nondurable goods	18.45	18.83	18.90	18.92	763.83	775.80	774.90	775.72
Private service-providing	20.94	21.37	21.41	21.46	678.46	692.39	691.54	693.16
Trade, transportation, and utilities	18.75	19.02	19.01	19.09	633.75	639.07	634.93	637.61
Wholesale trade	23.69	24.26	24.19	24.35	912.07	938.86	933.73	939.91
Retail trade	15.00	15.03	15.00	15.02	453.00	447.89	444.00	444.59
Transportation and warehousing	20.72	21.04	21.08	21.22	803.94	816.35	813.69	823.34
Utilities	34.08	35.39	35.47	35.38	1,441.58	1,507.61	1,507.48	1,507.19
Information	28.89	30.15	30.27	30.33	1,025.60	1,076.36	1,080.64	1,082.78
Financial activities	25.47	26.18	26.28	26.39	944.94	968.66	969.73	973.79
Professional and business services	24.97	25.51	25.57	25.61	881.44	905.61	902.62	901.47
Education and health services	22.20	22.51	22.55	22.57	712.62	724.82	726.11	726.75
Leisure and hospitality	12.45	12.92	12.94	12.99	312.50	321.71	320.91	323.45
Other services	19.12	19.24	19.27	19.30	585.07	594.52	595.44	596.37
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2016 - Sept. 2016(p)	Sept. 2015	July 2016	Aug. 2016(p)	Sept. 2016(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2016 - Sept. 2016(p)
Total private	111.3	113.1	112.5	112.6	0.1	157.1	163.2	162.6	163.2	0.4
Goods-producing	88.5	89.1	88.3	88.5	0.2	119.2	123.6	122.7	123.4	0.6
Mining and logging	137.4	115.8	113.6	114.6	0.9	213.3	182.2	179.3	181.2	1.1
Construction	96.2	99.8	98.9	100.0	1.1	129.7	140.5	139.7	141.7	1.4
Manufacturing	82.8	83.1	82.5	82.2	-0.4	108.7	111.3	110.9	110.6	-0.3
Durable goods	84.0	84.3	83.4	83.3	-0.1	110.5	113.1	112.3	112.2	-0.1
Nondurable goods	80.9	81.1	80.7	80.6	-0.1	105.5	108.0	107.8	107.8	0.0
Private service-providing	117.3	119.5	119.2	119.4	0.2	168.5	175.1	175.1	175.8	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.9	107.6	107.1	107.2	0.1	143.0	145.9	145.2	145.9	0.5
Wholesale trade	107.0	108.1	107.9	108.1	0.2	149.3	154.4	153.7	155.1	0.9
Retail trade	101.8	102.1	101.5	101.6	0.1	130.9	131.5	130.5	130.9	0.3
Transportation and warehousing	123.0	123.6	123.2	123.7	0.4	161.6	165.0	164.8	166.6	1.1
Utilities	97.2	99.0	98.5	99.0	0.5	138.3	146.2	145.9	146.2	0.2
Information	90.9	91.0	91.0	90.8	-0.2	130.0	135.9	136.3	136.4	0.1
Financial activities	110.1	112.2	112.0	112.1	0.1	172.5	180.8	181.2	182.1	0.5
Professional and business services	128.4	132.0	131.1	131.4	0.2	190.8	200.3	199.6	200.3	0.4
Education and health services	133.3	136.9	137.2	137.3	0.1	195.4	203.4	204.2	204.6	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	123.2	125.0	124.6	125.1	0.4	174.2	183.4	183.1	184.6	0.8
Other services	100.5	102.4	102.5	102.9	0.4	140.0	143.6	143.9	144.7	0.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.