Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	             USDL-22-2097
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 4, 2022

Technical information: 
 Household data:     (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:       (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


			      THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- OCTOBER 2022       			


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 261,000 in October, and the unemployment rate
rose to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains
occurred in health care, professional and technical services, and manufacturing.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|				      Hurricane Ian     				|
|											|
| Hurricane Ian had no discernible effect on the national employment and unemployment	|
| data for October. BLS will release the regional and state estimates on November 	|
| 18th. For information on how unusually severe weather can affect the employment and	|
| hours estimates, see the Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release.	|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|


Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate increased by 0.2 percentage point to 3.7 percent in October, and the number
of unemployed persons rose by 306,000 to 6.1 million. The unemployment rate has been in a narrow
range of 3.5 percent to 3.7 percent since March. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.4 percent) and Whites 
(3.2 percent) rose in October. The jobless rates for adult men (3.3 percent), teenagers (11.0
percent), Blacks (5.9 percent), Asians (2.9 percent), and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little
or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers changed little at 1.2 million in October,
and the number of persons on temporary layoff also changed little at 847,000. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at
1.2 million in October. The long-term unemployed accounted for 19.5 percent of all unemployed
persons. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.2 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at
60.0 percent, were about unchanged in October and have shown little net change since early
this year. These measures are 1.2 percentage points below their values in February 2020, prior
to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 3.7 million
in October. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table
A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 5.7
million in October and remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals
were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks
preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached
to the labor force was little changed in October at 1.5 million. These individuals wanted and
were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not 
looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset
of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, decreased by
114,000 to 371,000 in October. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 261,000 in October. Monthly job growth has averaged
407,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 562,000 per month in 2021. In October, notable job gains
occurred in health care, professional and technical services, and manufacturing. (See table B-1.)

In October, employment in health care rose by 53,000, with gains in ambulatory health care services
(+31,000), nursing and residential care facilities (+11,000), and hospitals (+11,000). So far in
2022, health care employment has increased by an average of 47,000 per month, compared with 9,000
per month in 2021.

Professional and technical services added 43,000 jobs in October. Employment continued to trend
up in management and technical consulting services (+7,000), architectural and engineering services
(+7,000), and scientific research and development services (+5,000). Monthly job growth in 
professional and technical services has averaged 41,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 53,000
per month in 2021.

Manufacturing added 32,000 jobs in October, mostly in durable goods industries (+23,000). 
Manufacturing employment has increased by an average of 37,000 per month thus far this year,
compared with 30,000 per month in 2021. 

Employment in social assistance increased by 19,000 in October and is slightly below (-9,000)
its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. Within social assistance, employment in individual and
family services continued to trend up in October (+10,000).

Wholesale trade added 15,000 jobs in October. Employment in wholesale trade has increased by an
average of 17,000 per month thus far in 2022, compared with 13,000 per month in 2021. 

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in October (+35,000), with 
accommodation adding 20,000 jobs. Employment in food services and drinking places changed little
over the month (+6,000). Leisure and hospitality has added an average of 78,000 jobs per month thus far
this year, less than half of the average gain of 196,000 jobs per month in 2021. Employment in
leisure and hospitality is down by 1.1 million, or 6.5 percent, from its February 2020 level.

Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in October (+8,000). Within the
industry, job growth occurred in truck transportation (+13,000), couriers and messengers 
(+7,000), and air transportation (+4,000). These gains were partially offset by a job loss in 
warehousing and storage (-20,000). Monthly job growth in transportation and warehousing has
averaged 25,000 thus far this year, compared with 36,000 per month in 2021.

In October, financial activities employment was little changed (+3,000). Within the industry,
job gains in insurance carriers and related activities (+9,000) and in securities, commodity
contracts, and investments (+5,000) were partially offset by a job loss in rental and leasing
services (-8,000). Employment in financial activities has changed little over the past 6 months.

Employment changed little over the month in other major industries, including mining,
construction, retail trade, information, other services, and government.

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents,
or 0.4 percent, to $32.58. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 
4.7 percent. In October, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees rose by 9 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $27.86. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

In October, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.5 hours 
for the fifth month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was little
changed at 40.4 hours, and overtime decreased by 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek for
production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls held at 34.0 hours. (See 
tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised down by 23,000, from 
+315,000 to +292,000, and the change for September was revised up by 52,000, from +263,000 to 
+315,000. With these revisions, employment gains in August and September combined were 29,000 
higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation
of seasonal factors.)
 
_____________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 2, 2022,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|                     Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data                     |
| 											|
| Four new supplemental questions were added to the household survey in October 2022 	|
| to examine the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market.	|
| These new questions, which focus on telework, replace the original supplemental	|
| questions asked from May 2020 through September 2022. Because data from the new	|
| questions will take time to process and review, the Household Survey Supplemental	|
| Data section of the Employment Situation news release has been temporarily 		|
| discontinued. Information about the new questions, including future announcements	|
| about the availability of data from these questions, will be available at 		|
| www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.			|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|


 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|            Update to the 2022 North American Industry Classification System           |
|											|
| With the release of January 2023 data on February 3, 2023, the Current Employment	|
| Statistics (CES) survey will revise the basis for industry classification from the	|
| 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to NAICS 2022. The		|
| conversion to NAICS 2022 will result in minor revisions reflecting content and	|
| coding changes within the mining and logging, manufacturing, wholesale trade, 	|
| financial activities, and other services sectors, as well as major revisions 		|
| reflecting content and coding changes in the retail trade and information sectors.	|
| Many industry titles and descriptions will also be updated to better reflect 		|
| official NAICS titles. Approximately 10 percent of employment will be reclassified	|
| into different industries as a result of the revision. Details of updated titles	|
| and new, discontinued, and collapsed industries resulting from the NAICS 2022 	|
| update, as well as changes due to the annual benchmarking process, will be 		|
| available on January 6, 2023.								|
|											|
| For more information on NAICS 2022, visit www.census.gov/naics.			|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Change from: Sept. 2022- Oct. 2022
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	261,908	264,184	264,356	264,535	179
Civilian labor force	161,610	164,746	164,689	164,667	-22
Participation rate	61.7	62.4	62.3	62.2	-0.1
Employed	154,234	158,732	158,936	158,608	-328
Employment-population ratio	58.9	60.1	60.1	60.0	-0.1
Unemployed	7,375	6,014	5,753	6,059	306
Unemployment rate	4.6	3.7	3.5	3.7	0.2
Not in labor force	100,298	99,438	99,667	99,868	201
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.6	3.7	3.5	3.7	0.2
Adult men (20 years and over)	4.3	3.5	3.3	3.3	0.0
Adult women (20 years and over)	4.3	3.3	3.1	3.4	0.3
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	11.7	10.4	11.4	11.0	-0.4
White	3.9	3.2	3.1	3.2	0.1
Black or African American	7.8	6.4	5.8	5.9	0.1
Asian	4.2	2.8	2.5	2.9	0.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.7	4.5	3.8	4.2	0.4
Total, 25 years and over	4.0	3.0	2.8	3.0	0.2
Less than a high school diploma	7.3	6.2	5.6	6.3	0.7
High school graduates, no college	5.4	4.2	3.7	3.9	0.2
Some college or associate degree	4.3	2.9	2.9	3.0	0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.4	1.9	1.8	1.9	0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,700	2,720	2,495	2,663	168
Job leavers	845	898	905	862	-43
Reentrants	2,206	1,836	1,840	1,886	46
New entrants	537	440	447	485	38
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,051	2,223	2,154	2,211	57
5 to 14 weeks	1,876	1,807	1,645	1,783	138
15 to 26 weeks	1,001	885	899	805	-94
27 weeks and over	2,339	1,137	1,067	1,165	98
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,398	4,149	3,843	3,660	-183
Slack work or business conditions	3,108	2,769	2,577	2,534	-43
Could only find part-time work	961	979	952	870	-82
Part time for noneconomic reasons	20,539	21,044	21,233	21,274	41
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,685	1,434	1,600	1,504	-96
Discouraged workers	455	366	485	371	-114
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	677	292	315	261
Total private	694	233	319	233
Goods-producing	83	43	48	33
Mining and logging	2	-2	3	0
Construction	28	9	22	1
Manufacturing	53	36	23	32
Durable goods(1)	41	36	13	23
Motor vehicles and parts	34.2	12.1	7.4	4.8
Nondurable goods	12	0	10	9
Private service-providing	611	190	271	200
Wholesale trade	12.4	15.1	11.6	14.6
Retail trade	43.4	29.3	-7.6	7.2
Transportation and warehousing	50.5	-1.7	-11.3	8.2
Utilities	-0.2	1.5	0.6	1.1
Information	12	7	7	4
Financial activities	23	9	1	3
Professional and business services(1)	236	29	52	39
Temporary help services	153.1	-0.7	12.6	11.8
Education and health services(1)	68	82	91	79
Health care and social assistance	37.9	71.7	80.7	71.1
Leisure and hospitality	141	13	107	35
Other services	25	5	20	9
Government	-17	59	-4	28
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	539	374	381	289
Total private	533	342	333	262
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.5	48.5
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.6	81.5	81.5	81.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.8	34.5	34.5	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$31.11	$32.36	$32.46	$32.58
Average weekly earnings	$1,082.63	$1,116.42	$1,119.87	$1,124.01
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	110.0	112.9	113.2	113.4
Over-the-month percent change	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	163.6	174.7	175.7	176.7
Over-the-month percent change	1.2	0.5	0.6	0.6
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (256 industries)	73.0	59.8	64.3	61.7
Manufacturing (74 industries)	67.6	53.4	57.4	56.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 670,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Oct. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	261,908	264,356	264,535	261,908	263,835	264,012	264,184	264,356	264,535
Civilian labor force	161,863	164,463	164,753	161,610	164,023	163,960	164,746	164,689	164,667
Participation rate	61.8	62.2	62.3	61.7	62.2	62.1	62.4	62.3	62.2
Employed	154,966	159,003	159,144	154,234	158,111	158,290	158,732	158,936	158,608
Employment-population ratio	59.2	60.1	60.2	58.9	59.9	60.0	60.1	60.1	60.0
Unemployed	6,896	5,460	5,609	7,375	5,912	5,670	6,014	5,753	6,059
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.3	3.4	4.6	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.7
Not in labor force	100,045	99,893	99,782	100,298	99,812	100,051	99,438	99,667	99,868
Persons who currently want a job	5,567	5,650	5,341	5,935	5,656	5,910	5,549	5,834	5,717
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,719	128,807	128,897	126,719	128,547	128,636	128,722	128,807	128,897
Civilian labor force	85,725	87,529	87,685	85,735	87,213	86,936	87,335	87,711	87,789
Participation rate	67.6	68.0	68.0	67.7	67.8	67.6	67.8	68.1	68.1
Employed	82,163	84,687	84,799	81,835	84,061	83,891	84,045	84,587	84,571
Employment-population ratio	64.8	65.7	65.8	64.6	65.4	65.2	65.3	65.7	65.6
Unemployed	3,562	2,842	2,886	3,900	3,152	3,046	3,290	3,124	3,218
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.2	3.3	4.5	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.7
Not in labor force	40,994	41,278	41,212	40,983	41,334	41,700	41,387	41,097	41,108
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	118,406	120,140	120,225	118,406	119,899	119,977	120,058	120,140	120,225
Civilian labor force	82,786	84,594	84,623	82,703	84,040	83,857	84,158	84,660	84,626
Participation rate	69.9	70.4	70.4	69.8	70.1	69.9	70.1	70.5	70.4
Employed	79,556	82,075	82,093	79,164	81,242	81,164	81,225	81,878	81,792
Employment-population ratio	67.2	68.3	68.3	66.9	67.8	67.7	67.7	68.2	68.0
Unemployed	3,230	2,519	2,530	3,539	2,797	2,692	2,934	2,783	2,834
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.0	3.0	4.3	3.3	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.3
Not in labor force	35,620	35,545	35,601	35,703	35,859	36,120	35,900	35,479	35,599
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	135,189	135,548	135,638	135,189	135,287	135,376	135,462	135,548	135,638
Civilian labor force	76,138	76,934	77,068	75,874	76,809	77,024	77,410	76,978	76,878
Participation rate	56.3	56.8	56.8	56.1	56.8	56.9	57.1	56.8	56.7
Employed	72,803	74,316	74,345	72,399	74,050	74,399	74,687	74,349	74,037
Employment-population ratio	53.9	54.8	54.8	53.6	54.7	55.0	55.1	54.9	54.6
Unemployed	3,335	2,618	2,723	3,475	2,760	2,625	2,724	2,629	2,841
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.4	3.5	4.6	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.7
Not in labor force	59,052	58,615	58,570	59,315	58,478	58,351	58,052	58,570	58,760
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	127,051	127,117	127,204	127,051	126,872	126,951	127,034	127,117	127,204
Civilian labor force	73,296	73,842	74,069	72,929	73,741	73,988	74,140	73,750	73,759
Participation rate	57.7	58.1	58.2	57.4	58.1	58.3	58.4	58.0	58.0
Employed	70,274	71,590	71,628	69,790	71,311	71,710	71,729	71,493	71,224
Employment-population ratio	55.3	56.3	56.3	54.9	56.2	56.5	56.5	56.2	56.0
Unemployed	3,022	2,251	2,441	3,139	2,430	2,278	2,411	2,258	2,534
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.0	3.3	4.3	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.4
Not in labor force	53,755	53,276	53,135	54,122	53,131	52,963	52,895	53,367	53,445
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,451	17,099	17,107	16,451	17,064	17,084	17,091	17,099	17,107
Civilian labor force	5,780	6,027	6,061	5,978	6,242	6,116	6,447	6,278	6,283
Participation rate	35.1	35.2	35.4	36.3	36.6	35.8	37.7	36.7	36.7
Employed	5,137	5,337	5,422	5,281	5,558	5,415	5,778	5,565	5,592
Employment-population ratio	31.2	31.2	31.7	32.1	32.6	31.7	33.8	32.5	32.7
Unemployed	644	689	638	697	685	700	669	713	691
Unemployment rate	11.1	11.4	10.5	11.7	11.0	11.5	10.4	11.4	11.0
Not in labor force	10,670	11,072	11,046	10,473	10,822	10,968	10,644	10,821	10,824
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Oct. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	202,138	203,420	203,522	202,138	203,125	203,229	203,324	203,420	203,522
Civilian labor force	124,407	126,036	126,215	124,279	125,706	125,705	126,172	126,183	126,164
Participation rate	61.5	62.0	62.0	61.5	61.9	61.9	62.1	62.0	62.0
Employed	119,891	122,403	122,490	119,376	121,587	121,822	122,129	122,329	122,078
Employment-population ratio	59.3	60.2	60.2	59.1	59.9	59.9	60.1	60.1	60.0
Unemployed	4,517	3,633	3,725	4,903	4,119	3,884	4,043	3,855	4,087
Unemployment rate	3.6	2.9	3.0	3.9	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.2
Not in labor force	77,731	77,383	77,308	77,859	77,419	77,524	77,152	77,237	77,358
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,725	65,872	66,025	64,693	65,556	65,430	65,600	65,940	66,028
Participation rate	69.8	70.2	70.3	69.8	70.0	69.8	69.9	70.3	70.3
Employed	62,644	64,221	64,276	62,374	63,529	63,464	63,553	64,048	64,043
Employment-population ratio	67.5	68.4	68.4	67.3	67.8	67.7	67.7	68.2	68.2
Unemployed	2,081	1,651	1,749	2,320	2,027	1,966	2,048	1,892	1,985
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.5	2.6	3.6	3.1	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,170	55,435	55,592	54,901	55,318	55,565	55,661	55,351	55,334
Participation rate	56.7	57.1	57.2	56.4	57.1	57.3	57.4	57.0	57.0
Employed	53,184	53,979	54,043	52,800	53,727	54,123	54,125	53,914	53,695
Employment-population ratio	54.6	55.6	55.6	54.2	55.4	55.8	55.8	55.5	55.3
Unemployed	1,986	1,456	1,550	2,101	1,591	1,442	1,535	1,437	1,638
Unemployment rate	3.6	2.6	2.8	3.8	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.6	3.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,512	4,730	4,597	4,684	4,832	4,711	4,911	4,892	4,803
Participation rate	37.4	37.8	36.8	38.8	38.7	37.7	39.3	39.1	38.4
Employed	4,062	4,203	4,171	4,202	4,331	4,235	4,451	4,366	4,340
Employment-population ratio	33.7	33.6	33.4	34.8	34.7	33.9	35.6	34.9	34.7
Unemployed	450	527	426	482	501	476	460	526	463
Unemployment rate	10.0	11.1	9.3	10.3	10.4	10.1	9.4	10.8	9.6
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,699	34,204	34,237	33,699	34,107	34,138	34,171	34,204	34,237
Civilian labor force	20,689	21,218	21,368	20,565	21,213	21,174	21,123	21,258	21,243
Participation rate	61.4	62.0	62.4	61.0	62.2	62.0	61.8	62.1	62.0
Employed	19,120	20,041	20,124	18,962	19,975	19,907	19,776	20,014	19,984
Employment-population ratio	56.7	58.6	58.8	56.3	58.6	58.3	57.9	58.5	58.4
Unemployed	1,568	1,177	1,244	1,603	1,238	1,268	1,347	1,243	1,259
Unemployment rate	7.6	5.5	5.8	7.8	5.8	6.0	6.4	5.8	5.9
Not in labor force	13,011	12,986	12,869	13,135	12,895	12,964	13,048	12,946	12,994
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,540	9,907	9,836	9,479	9,866	9,764	9,707	9,894	9,779
Participation rate	66.9	68.1	67.6	66.5	68.1	67.3	66.8	68.0	67.2
Employed	8,779	9,368	9,335	8,699	9,342	9,212	9,125	9,321	9,264
Employment-population ratio	61.6	64.4	64.1	61.0	64.4	63.5	62.8	64.1	63.6
Unemployed	761	540	500	780	524	552	582	573	514
Unemployment rate	8.0	5.4	5.1	8.2	5.3	5.7	6.0	5.8	5.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,447	10,638	10,770	10,383	10,628	10,688	10,643	10,636	10,699
Participation rate	61.2	61.9	62.6	60.9	62.0	62.3	62.0	61.9	62.2
Employed	9,742	10,072	10,140	9,673	10,030	10,119	10,018	10,058	10,081
Employment-population ratio	57.1	58.6	59.0	56.7	58.6	59.0	58.4	58.6	58.6
Unemployed	705	565	630	710	598	569	625	578	619
Unemployment rate	6.7	5.3	5.8	6.8	5.6	5.3	5.9	5.4	5.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	702	673	762	703	719	722	773	728	765
Participation rate	29.4	27.1	30.6	29.5	29.0	29.1	31.1	29.3	30.7
Employed	599	601	648	590	603	576	634	635	639
Employment-population ratio	25.1	24.2	26.0	24.7	24.3	23.2	25.5	25.5	25.7
Unemployed	102	72	114	113	116	146	140	92	127
Unemployment rate	14.6	10.7	15.0	16.0	16.1	20.3	18.1	12.7	16.5
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,485	17,132	17,129	16,485	16,910	16,920	16,989	17,132	17,129
Civilian labor force	10,756	11,151	11,100	10,767	10,894	10,980	11,096	11,122	11,124
Participation rate	65.2	65.1	64.8	65.3	64.4	64.9	65.3	64.9	64.9
Employed	10,312	10,882	10,776	10,310	10,565	10,693	10,790	10,848	10,797
Employment-population ratio	62.5	63.5	62.9	62.5	62.5	63.2	63.5	63.3	63.0
Unemployed	445	269	323	457	330	287	307	274	327
Unemployment rate	4.1	2.4	2.9	4.2	3.0	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.9
Not in labor force	5,729	5,981	6,029	5,718	6,016	5,940	5,893	6,009	6,005
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Oct. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	45,159	46,373	46,459	45,159	46,119	46,200	46,287	46,373	46,459
Civilian labor force	29,736	30,641	30,796	29,663	30,670	30,363	30,918	30,650	30,710
Participation rate	65.8	66.1	66.3	65.7	66.5	65.7	66.8	66.1	66.1
Employed	28,154	29,515	29,595	27,962	29,364	29,170	29,539	29,470	29,434
Employment-population ratio	62.3	63.6	63.7	61.9	63.7	63.1	63.8	63.5	63.4
Unemployed	1,582	1,126	1,202	1,701	1,306	1,193	1,379	1,180	1,277
Unemployment rate	5.3	3.7	3.9	5.7	4.3	3.9	4.5	3.8	4.2
Not in labor force	15,423	15,732	15,663	15,496	15,449	15,837	15,369	15,724	15,749
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	16,220	16,523	16,674	16,213	16,743	16,452	16,625	16,506	16,638
Participation rate	79.5	78.7	79.2	79.4	80.1	78.6	79.3	78.6	79.1
Employed	15,495	16,031	16,068	15,410	16,170	15,870	15,976	15,971	16,004
Employment-population ratio	75.9	76.3	76.3	75.5	77.4	75.8	76.2	76.0	76.0
Unemployed	724	493	606	803	573	581	649	535	634
Unemployment rate	4.5	3.0	3.6	5.0	3.4	3.5	3.9	3.2	3.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	12,127	12,792	12,717	12,054	12,486	12,515	12,812	12,778	12,655
Participation rate	58.6	60.7	60.2	58.3	59.6	59.6	60.9	60.6	59.9
Employed	11,485	12,339	12,294	11,374	11,926	12,113	12,264	12,321	12,186
Employment-population ratio	55.5	58.6	58.2	55.0	56.9	57.7	58.3	58.5	57.7
Unemployed	642	452	424	680	560	402	547	457	469
Unemployment rate	5.3	3.5	3.3	5.6	4.5	3.2	4.3	3.6	3.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,389	1,326	1,405	1,396	1,441	1,397	1,482	1,365	1,417
Participation rate	34.1	30.9	32.7	34.3	33.8	32.7	34.6	31.8	33.0
Employed	1,173	1,145	1,233	1,178	1,268	1,187	1,299	1,178	1,243
Employment-population ratio	28.8	26.7	28.7	29.0	29.7	27.8	30.3	27.5	28.9
Unemployed	216	181	172	218	173	210	183	187	174
Unemployment rate	15.5	13.6	12.2	15.6	12.0	15.0	12.3	13.7	12.3
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,921	9,094	9,016	9,025	9,210	8,924	8,646	8,992	9,155
Participation rate	45.9	46.2	46.0	46.4	44.7	46.2	45.4	45.7	46.7
Employed	8,365	8,674	8,534	8,368	8,680	8,398	8,110	8,491	8,577
Employment-population ratio	43.1	44.1	43.5	43.1	42.2	43.5	42.5	43.1	43.7
Unemployed	555	420	481	657	530	526	536	501	578
Unemployment rate	6.2	4.6	5.3	7.3	5.8	5.9	6.2	5.6	6.3
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,575	35,488	35,243	35,282	35,985	35,386	35,798	35,278	35,038
Participation rate	55.5	56.5	56.2	55.0	56.8	56.1	56.4	56.1	55.9
Employed	33,774	34,244	33,915	33,395	34,679	34,113	34,284	33,973	33,656
Employment-population ratio	52.7	54.5	54.1	52.1	54.8	54.1	54.0	54.1	53.7
Unemployed	1,801	1,244	1,328	1,888	1,305	1,273	1,514	1,306	1,382
Unemployment rate	5.1	3.5	3.8	5.4	3.6	3.6	4.2	3.7	3.9
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,710	35,597	36,169	35,394	35,707	35,575	35,586	35,544	35,805
Participation rate	63.4	62.8	63.3	62.8	62.6	62.6	63.0	62.7	62.7
Employed	34,236	34,609	35,132	33,863	34,585	34,563	34,538	34,530	34,731
Employment-population ratio	60.8	61.0	61.5	60.1	60.6	60.8	61.2	60.9	60.8
Unemployed	1,474	989	1,037	1,531	1,122	1,012	1,048	1,014	1,074
Unemployment rate	4.1	2.8	2.9	4.3	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.0
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	61,068	63,574	63,458	60,951	62,098	63,380	63,701	63,610	63,376
Participation rate	72.0	73.0	72.9	71.9	73.1	73.0	73.1	73.0	72.8
Employed	59,654	62,473	62,292	59,477	60,800	62,094	62,519	62,478	62,156
Employment-population ratio	70.3	71.7	71.6	70.1	71.6	71.5	71.7	71.7	71.4
Unemployed	1,414	1,100	1,166	1,473	1,297	1,286	1,182	1,132	1,220
Unemployment rate	2.3	1.7	1.8	2.4	2.1	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.9
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,981	18,291	16,059	16,259	1,922	2,032
Civilian labor force	8,417	8,833	7,267	7,613	1,150	1,221
Participation rate	46.8	48.3	45.3	46.8	59.8	60.1
Employed	8,090	8,610	6,999	7,417	1,091	1,192
Employment-population ratio	45.0	47.1	43.6	45.6	56.8	58.7
Unemployed	327	224	268	195	59	28
Unemployment rate	3.9	2.5	3.7	2.6	5.1	2.3
Not in labor force	9,564	9,458	8,792	8,646	772	811
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,607	4,949	3,834	4,076	773	873
Civilian labor force	3,637	4,044	3,081	3,369	557	675
Participation rate	79.0	81.7	80.4	82.7	72.0	77.3
Employed	3,500	3,931	2,974	3,278	526	654
Employment-population ratio	76.0	79.4	77.6	80.4	68.1	74.9
Unemployed	137	113	107	92	30	21
Unemployment rate	3.8	2.8	3.5	2.7	5.5	3.1
Not in labor force	969	905	753	706	216	198
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,131	3,234	2,599	2,728	532	506
Civilian labor force	2,236	2,276	1,879	1,955	357	321
Participation rate	71.4	70.4	72.3	71.7	67.2	63.5
Employed	2,144	2,222	1,804	1,904	340	318
Employment-population ratio	68.5	68.7	69.4	69.8	63.9	62.9
Unemployed	92	54	74	51	18	3
Unemployment rate	4.1	2.4	4.0	2.6	4.9	0.9
Not in labor force	895	958	720	773	175	184
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,328	6,154	6,105	5,909	223	245
Civilian labor force	1,002	886	952	837	50	49
Participation rate	15.8	14.4	15.6	14.2	22.2	20.2
Employed	961	867	917	817	45	49
Employment-population ratio	15.2	14.1	15.0	13.8	20.0	20.2
Unemployed	40	19	35	19	5	0
Unemployment rate	4.0	2.2	3.7	2.3	-	-
Not in labor force	5,326	5,268	5,153	5,072	173	196
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,915	3,954	3,521	3,546	394	408
Civilian labor force	1,542	1,627	1,355	1,452	186	175
Participation rate	39.4	41.1	38.5	40.9	47.3	42.9
Employed	1,485	1,589	1,304	1,418	180	171
Employment-population ratio	37.9	40.2	37.0	40.0	45.8	41.9
Unemployed	57	38	51	34	6	4
Unemployment rate	3.7	2.3	3.8	2.3	3.2	2.4
Not in labor force	2,373	2,327	2,166	2,094	208	233
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	235,095	236,800	106,291	107,887	128,804	128,913
Civilian labor force	151,257	153,525	77,395	78,943	73,862	74,582
Participation rate	64.3	64.8	72.8	73.2	57.3	57.9
Employed	144,876	148,341	74,192	76,371	70,684	71,970
Employment-population ratio	61.6	62.6	69.8	70.8	54.9	55.8
Unemployed	6,381	5,184	3,203	2,572	3,178	2,611
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.4	4.1	3.3	4.3	3.5
Not in labor force	83,837	83,275	28,896	28,943	54,941	54,332
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	31,195	32,819	230,713	231,716
Civilian labor force	6,987	7,797	154,876	156,956
Participation rate	22.4	23.8	67.1	67.7
Employed	6,352	7,224	148,615	151,920
Employment-population ratio	20.4	22.0	64.4	65.6
Unemployed	635	573	6,261	5,036
Unemployment rate	9.1	7.4	4.0	3.2
Not in labor force	24,208	25,022	75,837	74,760
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,900	3,318	76,743	78,017
Participation rate	37.5	39.7	82.1	82.6
Employed	2,636	3,035	73,652	75,544
Employment-population ratio	34.1	36.3	78.8	80.0
Unemployed	264	283	3,091	2,473
Unemployment rate	9.1	8.5	4.0	3.2
Not in labor force	4,828	5,037	16,695	16,397
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,855	3,092	68,510	68,970
Participation rate	36.1	37.6	71.3	71.7
Employed	2,550	2,848	65,667	66,604
Employment-population ratio	32.3	34.7	68.3	69.2
Unemployed	305	244	2,844	2,366
Unemployment rate	10.7	7.9	4.2	3.4
Not in labor force	5,050	5,122	27,572	27,276
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,232	1,387	9,622	9,968
Participation rate	7.9	8.5	23.4	24.3
Employed	1,166	1,341	9,296	9,772
Employment-population ratio	7.5	8.3	22.6	23.8
Unemployed	66	46	326	196
Unemployment rate	5.3	3.3	3.4	2.0
Not in labor force	14,330	14,864	31,571	31,087
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,449	45,908	21,226	22,506	22,223	23,402
Civilian labor force	28,564	30,459	16,570	17,657	11,994	12,802
Participation rate	65.7	66.3	78.1	78.5	54.0	54.7
Employed	27,341	29,451	15,932	17,110	11,409	12,340
Employment-population ratio	62.9	64.2	75.1	76.0	51.3	52.7
Unemployed	1,224	1,008	639	547	585	461
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.3	3.9	3.1	4.9	3.6
Not in labor force	14,885	15,450	4,656	4,849	10,229	10,600
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	218,458	218,627	105,492	106,391	112,966	112,236
Civilian labor force	133,298	134,294	69,155	70,028	64,144	64,267
Participation rate	61.0	61.4	65.6	65.8	56.8	57.3
Employed	127,626	129,693	66,232	67,688	61,394	62,005
Employment-population ratio	58.4	59.3	62.8	63.6	54.3	55.2
Unemployed	5,673	4,601	2,923	2,340	2,750	2,261
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.4	4.2	3.3	4.3	3.5
Not in labor force	85,160	84,333	36,338	36,363	48,822	47,970
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,418	2,165	2,300	2,296	2,308	2,429	2,178	2,178	2,205
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,596	1,448	1,577	1,501	1,520	1,621	1,491	1,474	1,497
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	785	700	701	769	747	752	645	696	691
Unpaid family workers	37	18	22	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	152,548	156,838	156,845	152,070	156,114	156,002	156,931	156,956	156,645
Wage and salary workers(1)	142,933	147,538	147,397	142,194	146,346	146,627	147,397	147,268	147,004
Government	20,586	21,166	21,258	20,511	20,601	21,272	21,220	21,313	21,180
Private industries	122,347	126,372	126,139	122,175	125,767	125,421	126,111	126,494	126,165
Private households	766	705	743	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	121,581	125,667	125,397	121,460	125,210	124,799	125,441	125,902	125,559
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,548	9,235	9,394	9,465	9,255	8,971	8,985	9,161	9,283
Unpaid family workers	68	65	54	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,094	3,523	3,356	4,398	3,621	3,924	4,149	3,843	3,660
Slack work or business conditions	2,913	2,393	2,335	3,108	2,366	2,697	2,769	2,577	2,534
Could only find part-time work	928	945	817	961	914	910	979	952	870
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,128	21,389	21,901	20,539	20,602	21,103	21,044	21,233	21,274
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	3,998	3,479	3,301	4,273	3,694	3,888	4,075	3,763	3,577
Slack work or business conditions	2,838	2,353	2,288	3,032	2,345	2,676	2,727	2,527	2,486
Could only find part-time work	927	945	813	962	912	909	966	952	867
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,773	21,047	21,555	20,200	20,180	20,675	20,710	20,887	20,932
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	154,966	159,003	159,144	154,234	158,111	158,290	158,732	158,936	158,608
16 to 19 years	5,137	5,337	5,422	5,281	5,558	5,415	5,778	5,565	5,592
16 to 17 years	1,999	2,115	2,193	1,992	2,114	2,076	2,255	2,087	2,189
18 to 19 years	3,137	3,222	3,229	3,289	3,443	3,343	3,485	3,464	3,389
20 years and over	149,830	153,666	153,722	148,953	152,554	152,875	152,953	153,371	153,016
20 to 24 years	13,800	13,666	13,849	13,718	13,852	13,902	13,670	13,755	13,780
25 years and over	136,030	140,000	139,873	135,282	138,603	138,969	139,259	139,598	139,214
25 to 54 years	99,355	102,291	102,028	98,795	101,495	101,686	102,053	102,037	101,548
25 to 34 years	35,257	35,451	35,527	35,029	35,437	35,436	35,555	35,392	35,320
35 to 44 years	33,237	34,735	34,760	33,042	34,508	34,616	34,694	34,618	34,607
45 to 54 years	30,862	32,105	31,742	30,723	31,550	31,634	31,804	32,027	31,621
55 years and over	36,674	37,709	37,844	36,487	37,108	37,283	37,206	37,561	37,666
Men, 16 years and over	82,163	84,687	84,799	81,835	84,061	83,891	84,045	84,587	84,571
16 to 19 years	2,608	2,612	2,705	2,672	2,819	2,726	2,820	2,709	2,779
16 to 17 years	972	958	1,010	984	1,046	988	1,036	954	1,027
18 to 19 years	1,636	1,653	1,695	1,691	1,769	1,742	1,761	1,749	1,751
20 years and over	79,556	82,075	82,093	79,164	81,242	81,164	81,225	81,878	81,792
20 to 24 years	6,969	7,003	7,150	6,972	7,081	7,022	6,900	7,038	7,146
25 years and over	72,587	75,072	74,943	72,181	74,052	74,151	74,233	74,762	74,581
25 to 54 years	53,007	54,560	54,379	52,717	54,161	54,190	54,193	54,381	54,130
25 to 34 years	18,855	18,926	18,845	18,715	18,842	18,740	18,767	18,866	18,718
35 to 44 years	17,866	18,656	18,721	17,784	18,492	18,631	18,651	18,579	18,656
45 to 54 years	16,286	16,979	16,813	16,218	16,828	16,819	16,776	16,936	16,756
55 years and over	19,580	20,512	20,564	19,464	19,890	19,961	20,040	20,381	20,450
Women, 16 years and over	72,803	74,316	74,345	72,399	74,050	74,399	74,687	74,349	74,037
16 to 19 years	2,529	2,726	2,717	2,609	2,739	2,689	2,958	2,856	2,813
16 to 17 years	1,027	1,157	1,183	1,008	1,067	1,088	1,219	1,133	1,162
18 to 19 years	1,501	1,568	1,534	1,598	1,674	1,601	1,724	1,715	1,637
20 years and over	70,274	71,590	71,628	69,790	71,311	71,710	71,729	71,493	71,224
20 to 24 years	6,831	6,663	6,699	6,746	6,771	6,880	6,770	6,717	6,635
25 years and over	63,443	64,928	64,929	63,101	64,551	64,818	65,026	64,836	64,633
25 to 54 years	46,348	47,731	47,649	46,078	47,334	47,496	47,860	47,656	47,418
25 to 34 years	16,401	16,525	16,682	16,314	16,595	16,696	16,789	16,526	16,602
35 to 44 years	15,371	16,079	16,039	15,258	16,016	15,986	16,044	16,039	15,951
45 to 54 years	14,576	15,127	14,928	14,505	14,722	14,814	15,028	15,091	14,865
55 years and over	17,095	17,197	17,280	17,023	17,218	17,322	17,165	17,180	17,216
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	43,910	46,100	45,631	43,794	45,222	45,449	45,422	45,912	45,556
Married women, spouse present(1)	35,209	36,616	36,309	34,988	36,526	36,954	36,828	36,615	36,155
Women who maintain families(2)	9,696	9,813	9,629	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	128,848	133,027	132,544	128,409	132,648	132,577	132,335	132,661	132,228
Part-time workers(4)	26,119	25,976	26,600	25,903	25,440	25,824	26,237	26,230	26,394
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,166	7,739	7,676	6,984	7,541	7,633	7,747	7,746	7,496
Percent of total employed	4.6	4.9	4.8	4.5	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.9	4.7
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,334	6,710	6,851	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	10,332	9,935	10,095	10,234	10,002	9,723	9,629	9,858	9,974
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Oct. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	7,375	5,753	6,059	4.6	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.7
16 to 19 years	697	713	691	11.7	11.0	11.5	10.4	11.4	11.0
16 to 17 years	223	294	240	10.1	11.2	10.3	9.7	12.4	9.9
18 to 19 years	475	424	456	12.6	10.2	12.1	10.9	10.9	11.9
20 years and over	6,679	5,040	5,368	4.3	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.4
20 to 24 years	1,071	1,030	1,020	7.2	6.8	6.4	6.9	7.0	6.9
25 years and over	5,579	3,980	4,319	4.0	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.8	3.0
25 to 54 years	4,266	3,074	3,386	4.1	3.0	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.2
25 to 34 years	1,763	1,313	1,457	4.8	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.6	4.0
35 to 44 years	1,311	1,072	1,025	3.8	3.2	2.7	2.9	3.0	2.9
45 to 54 years	1,192	689	904	3.7	2.4	2.4	2.7	2.1	2.8
55 years and over	1,363	926	962	3.6	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.5
Men, 16 years and over	3,900	3,124	3,218	4.5	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.7
16 to 19 years	361	341	384	11.9	11.2	11.5	11.2	11.2	12.1
16 to 17 years	106	145	138	9.8	11.2	8.7	11.5	13.2	11.8
18 to 19 years	257	200	254	13.2	9.8	12.8	11.2	10.3	12.7
20 years and over	3,539	2,783	2,834	4.3	3.3	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.3
20 to 24 years	620	606	550	8.2	7.6	7.3	8.1	7.9	7.1
25 years and over	2,912	2,165	2,271	3.9	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.8	3.0
25 to 54 years	2,214	1,675	1,771	4.0	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.2
25 to 34 years	995	706	769	5.0	3.5	3.3	3.7	3.6	3.9
35 to 44 years	676	564	502	3.7	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.6
45 to 54 years	543	405	500	3.2	2.3	2.5	2.7	2.3	2.9
55 years and over	699	490	501	3.5	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.3	2.4
Women, 16 years and over	3,475	2,629	2,841	4.6	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.7
16 to 19 years	336	372	307	11.4	10.8	11.4	9.6	11.5	9.8
16 to 17 years	117	149	102	10.4	11.1	11.6	8.2	11.6	8.1
18 to 19 years	218	224	202	12.0	10.6	11.3	10.5	11.6	11.0
20 years and over	3,139	2,258	2,534	4.3	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.4
20 to 24 years	452	424	470	6.3	6.0	5.4	5.7	5.9	6.6
25 years and over	2,667	1,815	2,047	4.1	3.1	2.8	3.0	2.7	3.1
25 to 54 years	2,052	1,399	1,615	4.3	3.2	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.3
25 to 34 years	768	607	688	4.5	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.5	4.0
35 to 44 years	635	507	523	4.0	3.6	2.6	2.8	3.1	3.2
45 to 54 years	649	284	404	4.3	2.6	2.4	2.7	1.8	2.6
55 years and over	642	420	446	3.6	2.7	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.5
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,120	840	891	2.5	2.0	1.8	2.0	1.8	1.9
Married women, spouse present(1)	1,080	708	801	3.0	2.3	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.2
Women who maintain families(2)	610	488	577	5.9	4.5	4.7	5.1	4.7	5.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	6,144	4,751	5,027	4.6	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.7
Part-time workers(4)	1,269	1,010	1,073	4.7	3.9	4.2	4.1	3.7	3.9
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,306	2,176	2,335	3,700	2,645	2,547	2,720	2,495	2,663
On temporary layoff	693	463	526	1,041	827	791	782	758	847
Not on temporary layoff	2,613	1,713	1,809	2,659	1,818	1,756	1,938	1,737	1,816
Permanent job losers	2,082	1,161	1,260	2,102	1,273	1,166	1,354	1,181	1,241
Persons who completed temporary jobs	530	552	549	557	545	589	584	556	576
Job leavers	869	976	887	845	832	842	898	905	862
Reentrants	2,186	1,867	1,887	2,206	1,990	1,826	1,836	1,840	1,886
New entrants	536	441	501	537	464	460	440	447	485
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	47.9	39.9	41.6	50.8	44.6	44.9	46.2	43.9	45.2
On temporary layoff	10.1	8.5	9.4	14.3	13.9	13.9	13.3	13.3	14.4
Not on temporary layoff	37.9	31.4	32.2	36.5	30.7	30.9	32.9	30.5	30.8
Job leavers	12.6	17.9	15.8	11.6	14.0	14.8	15.2	15.9	14.6
Reentrants	31.7	34.2	33.6	30.3	33.6	32.2	31.2	32.4	32.0
New entrants	7.8	8.1	8.9	7.4	7.8	8.1	7.5	7.9	8.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.0	1.3	1.4	2.3	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6
Job leavers	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
New entrants	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,884	2,127	2,023	2,051	2,262	2,080	2,223	2,154	2,211
5 to 14 weeks	1,762	1,474	1,696	1,876	1,552	1,772	1,807	1,645	1,783
15 weeks and over	3,251	1,859	1,889	3,340	2,089	1,785	2,022	1,966	1,970
15 to 26 weeks	919	751	714	1,001	753	718	885	899	805
27 weeks and over	2,332	1,109	1,175	2,339	1,336	1,067	1,137	1,067	1,165
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	27.7	20.7	21.5	26.9	22.3	22.1	22.3	20.2	20.8
Median duration, in weeks	13.1	8.8	8.6	13.0	8.5	8.5	8.5	8.3	8.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	27.3	39.0	36.1	28.2	38.3	36.9	36.7	37.4	37.1
5 to 14 weeks	25.5	27.0	30.2	25.8	26.3	31.4	29.9	28.5	29.9
15 weeks and over	47.1	34.1	33.7	46.0	35.4	31.7	33.4	34.1	33.0
15 to 26 weeks	13.3	13.7	12.7	13.8	12.8	12.7	14.6	15.6	13.5
27 weeks and over	33.8	20.3	21.0	32.2	22.6	18.9	18.8	18.5	19.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022
Total, 16 years and over(1)	154,966	159,144	6,896	5,609	4.3	3.4
Management, professional, and related occupations	65,335	68,918	1,453	1,398	2.2	2.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	27,665	29,433	656	639	2.3	2.1
Professional and related occupations	37,669	39,485	796	759	2.1	1.9
Service occupations	25,458	25,749	1,709	1,134	6.3	4.2
Sales and office occupations	29,914	29,886	1,400	1,060	4.5	3.4
Sales and related occupations	14,155	14,242	672	497	4.5	3.4
Office and administrative support occupations	15,759	15,644	728	563	4.4	3.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,258	14,463	616	606	4.1	4.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,076	938	65	77	5.7	7.6
Construction and extraction occupations	8,356	8,658	446	413	5.1	4.6
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,826	4,867	104	116	2.1	2.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,001	20,128	1,169	886	5.5	4.2
Production occupations	8,268	8,184	388	295	4.5	3.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,733	11,944	782	591	6.2	4.7
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,896	5,609	4.3	3.4
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,301	4,381	4.2	3.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	63	4	10.0	0.8
Construction	398	419	4.0	4.1
Manufacturing	499	463	3.3	3.1
Durable goods	279	319	2.9	3.3
Nondurable goods	220	144	4.0	2.7
Wholesale and retail trade	1,019	699	5.2	3.6
Transportation and utilities	381	273	4.7	3.3
Information	83	94	3.5	3.3
Financial activities	192	195	1.9	1.9
Professional and business services	791	645	4.4	3.5
Education and health services	677	677	2.8	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	960	738	7.5	5.5
Other services	239	174	3.5	2.5
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	83	81	5.1	5.1
Government workers	467	321	2.2	1.5
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	510	325	4.7	3.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2021	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022	Oct. 2022
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.0	1.1	1.1	2.1	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.0	1.3	1.4	2.3	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.3	3.3	3.4	4.6	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.7
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.5	3.6	3.6	4.8	3.8	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.9
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	5.2	4.3	4.3	5.5	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.6
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.7	6.4	6.3	8.2	6.7	6.7	7.0	6.7	6.8
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2021	Oct. 2022
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	100,045	99,782	40,994	41,212	59,052	58,570
Persons who currently want a job	5,567	5,341	2,478	2,618	3,089	2,723
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,638	1,469	842	786	796	683
Discouraged workers(2)	460	373	315	261	145	112
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,178	1,096	527	525	651	571
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,166	7,676	3,467	3,846	3,699	3,830
Percent of total employed	4.6	4.8	4.2	4.5	5.1	5.2
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,193	4,449	2,194	2,449	1,999	1,999
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,598	1,733	540	612	1,059	1,122
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	361	347	215	194	146	154
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	953	1,095	499	565	454	530
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)	Change from: Sept.2022 - Oct.2022(p)
Total nonfarm	149,310	152,674	153,197	154,369	148,005	152,732	153,047	153,308	261
Total private	126,847	131,180	130,793	131,656	125,911	130,406	130,725	130,958	233
Goods-producing	20,705	21,481	21,409	21,451	20,499	21,196	21,244	21,277	33
Mining and logging	584	638	637	639	578	631	634	634	0
Logging	45.5	47.0	46.4	45.5	44.9	45.4	45.7	44.7	-1.0
Mining	538.9	590.9	591.0	593.3	533.5	585.8	588.2	588.8	0.6
Oil and gas extraction	121.7	135.0	134.9	135.2	121.3	134.5	135.2	135.6	0.4
Mining, except oil and gas	177.6	183.5	182.4	183.0	176.0	180.2	180.4	181.1	0.7
Coal mining	36.5	37.8	37.9	37.9	36.5	38.0	38.1	37.9	-0.2
Metal ore mining	41.8	43.9	43.6	43.6	41.9	43.6	43.8	43.7	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	99.3	101.8	100.9	101.5	97.7	98.6	98.5	99.5	1.0
Support activities for mining	239.6	272.4	273.7	275.1	236.2	271.1	272.6	272.1	-0.5
Construction	7,636	7,911	7,877	7,888	7,455	7,698	7,720	7,721	1
Construction of buildings	1,684.0	1,745.4	1,731.3	1,742.1	1,654.0	1,709.7	1,711.3	1,716.9	5.6
Residential building	883.1	918.8	907.9	915.3	869.0	900.8	901.3	903.7	2.4
Nonresidential building	800.9	826.6	823.4	826.8	785.0	808.9	810.0	813.2	3.2
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,099.9	1,125.0	1,124.9	1,127.1	1,043.5	1,074.7	1,074.3	1,073.9	-0.4
Specialty trade contractors	4,852.3	5,040.1	5,020.3	5,019.2	4,757.0	4,914.0	4,934.0	4,930.0	-4.0
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,236.6	2,315.7	2,306.3	2,305.1	2,203.1	2,266.2	2,275.2	2,273.7	-1.5
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,615.7	2,724.4	2,714.0	2,714.1	2,553.9	2,647.8	2,658.8	2,656.3	-2.5
Manufacturing	12,485	12,932	12,895	12,924	12,466	12,867	12,890	12,922	32
Durable goods	7,764	8,030	8,008	8,031	7,766	8,003	8,016	8,039	23
Wood products	415.8	431.8	429.4	430.0	413.5	430.8	430.8	429.9	-0.9
Nonmetallic mineral products	407.1	423.3	420.9	425.0	402.1	416.6	416.4	419.6	3.2
Primary metals	352.1	363.5	364.6	364.6	353.6	363.6	366.3	366.1	-0.2
Fabricated metal products	1,397.5	1,445.4	1,446.9	1,452.5	1,398.1	1,443.6	1,449.1	1,454.3	5.2
Machinery	1,060.9	1,102.1	1,097.2	1,098.8	1,063.6	1,099.3	1,099.6	1,102.6	3.0
Computer and electronic products	1,064.4	1,096.5	1,088.9	1,096.3	1,066.0	1,091.7	1,091.2	1,096.6	5.4
Computer and peripheral equipment	159.1	164.7	164.5	166.7	159.2	164.0	164.4	166.4	2.0
Communications equipment	84.8	84.1	82.4	84.4	85.4	84.2	83.2	84.7	1.5
Semiconductors and electronic components	370.1	390.6	387.5	390.3	371.5	388.6	388.6	391.0	2.4
Electronic instruments	419.6	424.5	422.4	423.0	419.5	422.9	423.1	422.8	-0.3
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	30.8	32.6	32.1	31.9	30.4	31.9	31.9	31.6	-0.3
Electrical equipment and appliances	397.5	411.1	410.9	410.9	398.0	410.8	412.1	412.4	0.3
Transportation equipment(1)	1,672.7	1,729.5	1,730.7	1,730.2	1,676.6	1,723.0	1,727.7	1,732.4	4.7
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	992.1	1,022.3	1,024.2	1,018.3	998.4	1,011.1	1,018.5	1,023.3	4.8
Furniture and related products	379.6	382.1	379.2	379.7	379.4	381.7	381.4	381.2	-0.2
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	616.5	644.6	639.7	642.9	615.3	641.6	641.7	643.5	1.8
Nondurable goods	4,721	4,902	4,887	4,893	4,700	4,864	4,874	4,883	9
Food manufacturing	1,656.4	1,723.9	1,720.4	1,719.3	1,642.6	1,701.3	1,709.1	1,710.1	1.0
Textile mills	99.7	100.1	100.2	99.3	99.4	99.7	100.0	99.3	-0.7
Textile product mills	104.6	103.4	102.9	102.5	104.3	104.1	103.4	102.8	-0.6
Apparel	92.5	95.1	94.1	94.8	91.5	94.8	94.2	94.6	0.4
Paper and paper products	348.0	357.7	358.4	358.8	348.7	358.4	359.6	360.5	0.9
Printing and related support activities	372.5	378.3	373.4	376.2	369.9	377.5	373.7	374.7	1.0
Petroleum and coal products	107.8	107.9	107.4	107.9	105.6	105.6	105.9	105.8	-0.1
Chemicals	871.3	908.4	904.9	906.7	874.1	906.2	908.9	910.5	1.6
Plastics and rubber products	726.8	756.7	754.1	757.8	729.2	757.5	758.1	761.1	3.0
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	341.3	370.3	371.0	369.5	334.7	359.3	361.3	363.4	2.1
Private service-providing	106,142	109,699	109,384	110,205	105,412	109,210	109,481	109,681	200
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,100	28,643	28,586	28,845	28,013	28,799	28,792	28,823	31
Wholesale trade	5,725.0	5,913.1	5,903.3	5,931.5	5,716.3	5,896.9	5,908.5	5,923.1	14.6
Durable goods	3,148.3	3,255.6	3,249.0	3,260.0	3,149.9	3,247.2	3,253.9	3,262.6	8.7
Nondurable goods	2,092.7	2,154.1	2,149.0	2,164.2	2,083.4	2,147.1	2,149.4	2,155.4	6.0
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	484.0	503.4	505.3	507.3	483.0	502.6	505.2	505.1	-0.1
Retail trade	15,577.9	15,778.2	15,659.5	15,822.3	15,537.0	15,829.5	15,821.9	15,829.1	7.2
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,951.0	1,988.7	1,980.2	1,980.5	1,946.8	1,974.7	1,975.3	1,977.1	1.8
Automobile dealers	1,223.7	1,240.8	1,235.6	1,235.5	1,222.5	1,235.5	1,234.6	1,235.7	1.1
Other motor vehicle dealers	172.2	177.5	174.0	174.1	172.3	170.7	172.4	173.3	0.9
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	555.1	570.4	570.6	570.9	552.0	568.5	568.4	568.1	-0.3
Furniture and home furnishings stores	445.8	426.2	423.5	429.9	444.8	433.1	431.4	430.2	-1.2
Electronics and appliance stores	440.2	423.8	422.2	423.8	423.5	427.9	424.7	419.0	-5.7
Building material and garden supply stores	1,364.6	1,405.1	1,378.6	1,373.6	1,379.4	1,397.2	1,393.2	1,394.6	1.4
Food and beverage stores	3,118.4	3,209.8	3,181.9	3,195.6	3,118.8	3,200.9	3,201.6	3,198.9	-2.7
Health and personal care stores	1,054.7	1,058.7	1,062.7	1,080.0	1,050.9	1,069.1	1,073.4	1,075.6	2.2
Gasoline stations	949.5	990.6	981.4	984.4	943.5	974.6	975.4	980.0	4.6
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,064.8	1,087.5	1,071.5	1,085.1	1,072.0	1,085.5	1,086.8	1,091.5	4.7
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	540.8	529.1	520.0	533.1	544.0	533.0	530.4	531.8	1.4
General merchandise stores	3,160.8	3,147.5	3,136.2	3,209.6	3,138.2	3,225.4	3,219.0	3,216.8	-2.2
Department stores	956.0	939.3	929.8	957.6	950.7	966.7	962.1	956.9	-5.2
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	2,204.8	2,208.2	2,206.4	2,252.0	2,187.4	2,258.7	2,256.9	2,259.9	3.0
Miscellaneous store retailers	825.7	868.3	856.1	867.5	826.1	859.5	862.6	865.8	3.2
Nonstore retailers	661.6	642.9	645.2	659.2	649.0	648.6	648.1	647.8	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing	6,258.3	6,407.6	6,481.4	6,547.2	6,220.2	6,529.5	6,518.2	6,526.4	8.2
Air transportation	505.0	567.9	567.3	571.1	505.5	564.3	567.0	571.2	4.2
Rail transportation	145.8	146.8	147.3	147.3	145.7	146.8	147.2	147.1	-0.1
Water transportation	55.7	63.3	62.9	61.7	55.0	61.4	61.7	61.8	0.1
Truck transportation	1,546.5	1,612.2	1,594.4	1,614.2	1,528.9	1,597.4	1,587.9	1,601.1	13.2
Transit and ground passenger transportation	404.7	354.5	423.9	432.1	384.1	414.0	409.1	411.5	2.4
Pipeline transportation	50.4	47.8	47.0	47.2	50.3	47.8	47.3	47.2	-0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	26.4	35.3	34.1	32.3	26.1	29.1	30.4	31.0	0.6
Support activities for transportation	746.1	786.9	790.2	797.2	741.0	785.6	790.6	792.0	1.4
Couriers and messengers	1,044.8	1,044.7	1,057.0	1,077.1	1,077.6	1,114.5	1,114.9	1,121.4	6.5
Warehousing and storage	1,732.9	1,748.2	1,757.3	1,767.0	1,706.0	1,768.6	1,762.1	1,742.1	-20.0
Utilities	538.9	543.9	541.7	544.1	539.5	542.6	543.2	544.3	1.1
Information	2,897	3,056	3,042	3,052	2,886	3,032	3,039	3,043	4
Publishing industries, except Internet	793.2	844.9	846.0	837.0	793.8	839.8	845.4	840.5	-4.9
Motion picture and sound recording industries	423.4	448.9	431.8	446.1	412.0	435.4	432.8	436.5	3.7
Broadcasting, except Internet	234.4	234.0	234.6	234.4	232.4	234.8	233.9	232.9	-1.0
Telecommunications	660.5	664.2	663.8	661.0	661.8	664.6	662.6	661.3	-1.3
Data processing, hosting and related services	402.0	427.6	432.1	434.4	401.4	427.7	431.4	432.4	1.0
Other information services	383.1	436.5	433.2	439.4	384.8	429.8	433.0	439.8	6.8
Financial activities	8,846	9,022	8,969	8,995	8,817	8,967	8,968	8,971	3
Finance and insurance	6,534.9	6,622.3	6,585.8	6,617.9	6,527.9	6,605.3	6,599.6	6,612.0	12.4
Monetary authorities - central bank	20.8	21.1	21.0	21.2	20.8	21.0	21.0	21.1	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,703.2	2,708.5	2,691.6	2,692.2	2,705.4	2,700.4	2,699.0	2,696.5	-2.5
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,727.6	1,748.6	1,740.4	1,742.2	1,733.4	1,741.5	1,745.6	1,747.5	1.9
Commercial banking	1,342.0	1,347.5	1,339.0	1,344.4	1,347.9	1,342.5	1,344.7	1,348.1	3.4
Nondepository credit intermediation	641.9	627.5	620.5	622.6	639.5	626.9	621.7	621.5	-0.2
Activities related to credit intermediation	333.7	332.4	330.7	327.4	332.5	331.9	331.7	327.5	-4.2
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	1,004.8	1,050.3	1,043.6	1,056.0	1,001.6	1,041.1	1,045.6	1,051.0	5.4
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,806.1	2,842.4	2,829.6	2,848.5	2,800.1	2,842.8	2,834.0	2,843.4	9.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,310.9	2,399.3	2,383.6	2,377.5	2,289.2	2,361.9	2,367.9	2,359.2	-8.7
Real estate	1,785.8	1,823.8	1,820.8	1,830.1	1,769.6	1,805.1	1,815.4	1,814.5	-0.9
Rental and leasing services	504.6	554.7	542.2	526.7	499.1	536.3	531.9	524.1	-7.8
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	20.5	20.8	20.6	20.7	20.5	20.5	20.6	20.6	0.0
Professional and business services	21,875	22,474	22,466	22,707	21,619	22,402	22,454	22,493	39
Professional and technical services	10,090.9	10,516.5	10,449.6	10,601.3	10,073.2	10,515.3	10,538.6	10,581.3	42.7
Legal services	1,173.3	1,179.2	1,170.9	1,186.6	1,168.6	1,180.8	1,178.7	1,182.1	3.4
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,024.6	1,064.3	1,062.8	1,082.2	1,076.3	1,112.7	1,118.6	1,123.5	4.9
Architectural and engineering services	1,582.3	1,671.9	1,659.3	1,674.7	1,570.9	1,651.3	1,656.4	1,663.2	6.8
Specialized design services	146.5	153.9	153.7	156.4	144.3	153.7	154.4	154.7	0.3
Computer systems design and related services	2,355.3	2,446.0	2,423.6	2,456.3	2,339.9	2,434.7	2,438.2	2,447.0	8.8
Management and technical consulting services	1,700.8	1,774.4	1,769.7	1,807.9	1,675.5	1,772.5	1,777.5	1,784.9	7.4
Scientific research and development services	840.8	896.9	888.2	897.8	842.0	888.4	892.9	898.2	5.3
Advertising and related services	455.4	491.6	487.7	493.9	452.0	489.6	489.7	491.8	2.1
Other professional and technical services	811.9	838.3	833.7	845.5	803.7	831.6	832.2	835.9	3.7
Management of companies and enterprises	2,342.7	2,400.0	2,389.0	2,395.9	2,342.9	2,390.4	2,392.8	2,397.0	4.2
Administrative and waste services	9,441.4	9,557.2	9,627.5	9,709.8	9,202.4	9,496.6	9,523.0	9,514.9	-8.1
Administrative and support services	8,972.7	9,073.4	9,144.7	9,223.1	8,738.2	9,017.9	9,043.2	9,034.2	-9.0
Office administrative services	561.6	605.8	604.6	608.9	560.2	601.6	604.0	606.8	2.8
Facilities support services	157.3	157.1	157.5	158.8	156.3	156.2	157.1	157.1	0.0
Employment services(1)	3,843.8	3,817.6	3,912.9	3,985.9	3,699.7	3,872.2	3,882.9	3,884.4	1.5
Temporary help services	3,146.5	3,090.2	3,174.6	3,241.1	3,025.1	3,155.0	3,167.6	3,179.4	11.8
Business support services	813.0	766.4	763.0	768.6	801.6	775.7	767.3	761.5	-5.8
Travel arrangement and reservation services	145.6	156.7	157.0	157.4	143.7	153.6	155.2	155.7	0.5
Investigation and security services	909.3	934.5	941.5	943.7	904.9	932.4	939.4	938.0	-1.4
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,229.2	2,306.0	2,279.0	2,270.4	2,164.1	2,201.0	2,213.6	2,207.2	-6.4
Other support services	312.9	329.3	329.2	329.4	307.7	325.2	323.7	323.6	-0.1
Waste management and remediation services	468.7	483.8	482.8	486.7	464.2	478.7	479.8	480.7	0.9
Education and health services	24,048	24,298	24,624	24,954	23,805	24,562	24,653	24,732	79
Educational services	3,827.8	3,585.7	3,851.7	4,006.7	3,651.8	3,840.7	3,850.8	3,859.1	8.3
Health care and social assistance	20,220.2	20,712.6	20,772.1	20,947.7	20,153.6	20,721.0	20,801.7	20,872.8	71.1
Health care(3)	16,096.0	16,468.2	16,522.8	16,629.8	16,056.7	16,460.0	16,524.6	16,577.2	52.6
Ambulatory health care services	7,990.9	8,211.2	8,234.5	8,311.2	7,965.3	8,218.1	8,250.2	8,280.9	30.7
Offices of physicians	2,775.6	2,838.7	2,850.7	2,877.0	2,766.2	2,843.9	2,855.3	2,864.9	9.6
Offices of dentists	1,010.1	1,047.3	1,041.4	1,054.2	1,006.8	1,042.9	1,045.9	1,050.9	5.0
Offices of other health practitioners	1,040.9	1,095.7	1,096.3	1,109.9	1,036.3	1,094.1	1,100.1	1,106.4	6.3
Outpatient care centers	1,004.4	1,030.9	1,031.6	1,033.5	1,005.2	1,031.6	1,032.0	1,033.4	1.4
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	310.4	313.7	311.8	310.6	309.7	314.9	313.5	310.2	-3.3
Home health care services	1,538.2	1,566.7	1,579.8	1,598.3	1,529.2	1,571.1	1,581.0	1,587.1	6.1
Other ambulatory health care services	311.3	318.2	322.9	327.7	312.0	319.7	322.4	327.9	5.5
Hospitals	5,128.5	5,216.2	5,244.3	5,254.5	5,122.3	5,211.9	5,237.0	5,247.8	10.8
Nursing and residential care facilities	2,976.6	3,040.8	3,044.0	3,064.1	2,969.1	3,030.0	3,037.4	3,048.5	11.1
Nursing care facilities	1,356.3	1,364.4	1,367.4	1,378.8	1,349.2	1,360.6	1,362.9	1,367.0	4.1
Residential mental health facilities	596.6	614.6	616.1	618.0	597.0	613.0	615.8	617.4	1.6
Community care facilities for the elderly	870.3	903.5	903.6	909.1	869.6	899.0	901.4	906.1	4.7
Other residential care facilities	153.4	158.3	156.9	158.2	153.3	157.4	157.4	158.0	0.6
Social assistance	4,124.2	4,244.4	4,249.3	4,317.9	4,096.9	4,261.0	4,277.1	4,295.6	18.5
Individual and family services	2,739.2	2,825.5	2,821.0	2,860.1	2,734.5	2,822.4	2,838.7	2,848.3	9.6
Emergency and other relief services	192.9	202.6	200.4	205.9	193.3	204.3	202.6	206.9	4.3
Vocational rehabilitation services	276.4	278.2	274.7	276.7	274.4	274.7	275.0	274.5	-0.5
Child day care services	915.7	938.1	953.2	975.2	894.6	959.7	960.9	965.8	4.9
Leisure and hospitality	14,805	16,441	15,979	15,902	14,728	15,744	15,851	15,886	35
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,108.8	2,568.5	2,378.7	2,309.3	2,123.5	2,304.2	2,324.2	2,333.8	9.6
Performing arts and spectator sports	450.8	511.3	524.7	513.1	430.3	490.8	497.4	498.8	1.4
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	146.4	172.1	163.5	163.1	143.4	161.1	161.5	161.7	0.2
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,511.6	1,885.1	1,690.5	1,633.1	1,549.8	1,652.3	1,665.3	1,673.3	8.0
Accommodation and food services	12,695.7	13,872.8	13,600.3	13,592.4	12,604.1	13,440.1	13,526.7	13,552.6	25.9
Accommodation	1,579.6	1,853.6	1,762.8	1,748.2	1,566.3	1,719.1	1,736.7	1,756.6	19.9
Food services and drinking places	11,116.1	12,019.2	11,837.5	11,844.2	11,037.8	11,721.0	11,790.0	11,796.0	6.0
Other services	5,571	5,765	5,718	5,750	5,544	5,704	5,724	5,733	9
Repair and maintenance	1,386.8	1,437.8	1,436.1	1,443.6	1,379.6	1,427.9	1,435.9	1,438.3	2.4
Personal and laundry services	1,414.5	1,472.1	1,468.1	1,481.2	1,401.7	1,460.4	1,468.3	1,469.6	1.3
Membership associations and organizations	2,769.4	2,855.4	2,813.9	2,825.4	2,762.6	2,815.2	2,819.7	2,824.9	5.2
Government	22,463	21,494	22,404	22,713	22,094	22,326	22,322	22,350	28
Federal	2,882	2,868	2,875	2,879	2,880	2,864	2,867	2,873	6
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,283.6	2,274.7	2,280.1	2,280.8	2,279.7	2,263.9	2,268.0	2,272.0	4.0
U.S. Postal Service	597.9	592.8	594.8	598.1	600.6	599.9	599.1	601.1	2.0
State government	5,388	5,000	5,345	5,419	5,224	5,261	5,261	5,254	-7
State government education	2,737.1	2,343.1	2,700.5	2,787.8	2,567.3	2,618.5	2,622.6	2,620.8	-1.8
State government, excluding education	2,650.7	2,656.9	2,644.6	2,630.9	2,657.0	2,642.4	2,638.1	2,633.1	-5.0
Local government	14,193	13,626	14,184	14,415	13,990	14,201	14,194	14,223	29
Local government education	7,876.7	7,024.2	7,751.1	7,991.8	7,633.0	7,776.2	7,755.0	7,768.5	13.5
Local government, excluding education	6,316.5	6,601.7	6,432.4	6,423.1	6,357.3	6,424.6	6,439.0	6,454.5	15.5
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.8	34.5	34.5	34.5
Goods-producing	39.9	39.9	39.9	40.0
Mining and logging	44.8	46.2	46.3	46.2
Construction	38.8	38.7	38.7	38.9
Manufacturing	40.3	40.3	40.3	40.4
Durable goods	40.4	40.7	40.7	40.8
Nondurable goods	40.2	39.7	39.7	39.6
Private service-providing	33.8	33.4	33.5	33.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.5	34.0	34.0	34.0
Wholesale trade	39.4	38.9	38.9	38.8
Retail trade	30.8	30.1	30.1	30.1
Transportation and warehousing	38.7	38.4	38.5	38.6
Utilities	42.3	41.6	42.0	42.5
Information	36.9	36.6	36.6	36.5
Financial activities	37.5	37.4	37.4	37.5
Professional and business services	36.7	36.6	36.8	36.7
Education and health services	33.4	33.4	33.4	33.3
Leisure and hospitality	26.3	25.6	25.7	25.6
Other services	32.4	32.2	32.3	32.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.1
Durable goods	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.2
Nondurable goods	3.4	3.1	3.0	2.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)
Total private	$31.11	$32.36	$32.46	$32.58	$1,082.63	$1,116.42	$1,119.87	$1,124.01
Goods-producing	31.46	32.59	32.71	32.84	1,255.25	1,300.34	1,305.13	1,313.60
Mining and logging	35.30	36.55	36.52	36.56	1,581.44	1,688.61	1,690.88	1,689.07
Construction	33.41	34.91	35.07	35.27	1,296.31	1,351.02	1,357.21	1,372.00
Manufacturing	30.14	31.04	31.14	31.23	1,214.64	1,250.91	1,254.94	1,261.69
Durable goods	31.62	32.63	32.74	32.82	1,277.45	1,328.04	1,332.52	1,339.06
Nondurable goods	27.70	28.38	28.44	28.54	1,113.54	1,126.69	1,129.07	1,130.18
Private service-providing	31.03	32.31	32.40	32.52	1,048.81	1,079.15	1,085.40	1,089.42
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26.67	27.77	27.87	28.00	920.12	944.18	947.58	952.00
Wholesale trade	34.17	35.21	35.28	35.52	1,346.30	1,369.67	1,372.39	1,378.18
Retail trade	22.22	23.04	23.08	23.16	684.38	693.50	694.71	697.12
Transportation and warehousing	26.74	28.19	28.36	28.43	1,034.84	1,082.50	1,091.86	1,097.40
Utilities	45.28	47.25	47.85	48.12	1,915.34	1,965.60	2,009.70	2,045.10
Information	44.60	47.29	47.66	47.45	1,645.74	1,730.81	1,744.36	1,731.93
Financial activities	40.55	41.82	42.06	42.11	1,520.63	1,564.07	1,573.04	1,579.13
Professional and business services	37.29	38.91	38.98	39.17	1,368.54	1,424.11	1,434.46	1,437.54
Education and health services	30.71	31.96	31.98	32.06	1,025.71	1,067.46	1,068.13	1,067.60
Leisure and hospitality	19.19	20.27	20.32	20.43	504.70	518.91	522.22	523.01
Other services	28.21	28.65	28.85	28.98	914.00	922.53	931.86	936.05
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)	Percent change from: Sept. 2022 - Oct. 2022(p)	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)	Percent change from: Sept. 2022 - Oct. 2022(p)
Total private	110.0	112.9	113.2	113.4	0.2	163.6	174.7	175.7	176.7	0.6
Goods-producing	93.2	96.4	96.6	97.0	0.4	132.5	141.9	142.8	143.9	0.8
Mining and logging	81.4	91.6	92.2	92.0	-0.2	115.3	134.4	135.2	135.1	-0.1
Construction	99.7	102.7	103.0	103.5	0.5	144.7	155.8	156.9	158.7	1.1
Manufacturing	90.4	93.3	93.5	93.9	0.4	126.7	134.7	135.3	136.4	0.8
Durable goods	88.3	91.7	91.9	92.3	0.4	124.0	132.9	133.6	134.6	0.7
Nondurable goods	94.3	96.4	96.6	96.5	-0.1	132.6	138.8	139.4	139.8	0.3
Private service-providing	114.7	117.4	118.1	118.3	0.2	173.0	184.4	186.0	187.0	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	105.5	106.8	106.8	106.9	0.1	151.7	160.0	160.5	161.5	0.6
Wholesale trade	99.3	101.2	101.4	101.4	0.0	142.0	149.0	149.6	150.6	0.7
Retail trade	97.2	96.8	96.7	96.7	0.0	142.7	147.3	147.5	148.1	0.4
Transportation and warehousing	138.3	144.1	144.2	144.7	0.3	188.2	206.6	208.0	209.4	0.7
Utilities	98.7	97.7	98.7	100.1	1.4	147.7	152.5	156.1	159.1	1.9
Information	97.3	101.3	101.6	101.4	-0.2	154.4	170.6	172.4	171.4	-0.6
Financial activities	108.3	109.9	109.9	110.2	0.3	171.4	179.2	180.3	181.1	0.4
Professional and business services	124.4	128.6	129.6	129.4	-0.2	187.8	202.5	204.5	205.3	0.4
Education and health services	129.8	134.0	134.5	134.5	0.0	191.8	206.0	206.9	207.4	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	110.5	115.0	116.2	116.0	-0.2	171.1	188.1	190.6	191.3	0.4
Other services	103.6	105.9	106.6	106.8	0.2	160.1	166.3	168.6	169.6	0.6
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)
Total nonfarm	73,744	76,156	76,337	76,510	49.8	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private	60,970	63,180	63,356	63,504	48.4	48.4	48.5	48.5
Goods-producing	4,684	4,892	4,912	4,926	22.8	23.1	23.1	23.2
Mining and logging	72	83	84	84	12.5	13.2	13.2	13.2
Construction	1,034	1,080	1,087	1,089	13.9	14.0	14.1	14.1
Manufacturing	3,578	3,729	3,741	3,753	28.7	29.0	29.0	29.0
Durable goods	1,898	1,990	2,000	2,009	24.4	24.9	25.0	25.0
Nondurable goods	1,680	1,739	1,741	1,744	35.7	35.8	35.7	35.7
Private service-providing	56,286	58,288	58,444	58,578	53.4	53.4	53.4	53.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,083	11,459	11,465	11,468	39.6	39.8	39.8	39.8
Wholesale trade	1,719.6	1,800.5	1,803.0	1,806.6	30.1	30.5	30.5	30.5
Retail trade	7,590.3	7,746.7	7,752.1	7,749.3	48.9	48.9	49.0	49.0
Transportation and warehousing	1,637.9	1,773.2	1,770.7	1,772.8	26.3	27.2	27.2	27.2
Utilities	135.6	138.2	138.7	139.2	25.1	25.5	25.5	25.6
Information	1,136	1,220	1,232	1,237	39.4	40.2	40.5	40.7
Financial activities	4,941	4,998	4,994	5,004	56.0	55.7	55.7	55.8
Professional and business services	10,012	10,310	10,320	10,330	46.3	46.0	46.0	45.9
Education and health services	18,378	18,930	19,017	19,079	77.2	77.1	77.1	77.1
Leisure and hospitality	7,805	8,334	8,376	8,414	53.0	52.9	52.8	53.0
Other services	2,931	3,037	3,040	3,046	52.9	53.2	53.1	53.1
Government	12,774	12,976	12,981	13,006	57.8	58.1	58.2	58.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)
Total private	102,682	106,280	106,500	106,667
Goods-producing	14,626	15,197	15,238	15,267
Mining and logging	431	473	472	470
Construction	5,502	5,691	5,703	5,713
Manufacturing	8,693	9,033	9,063	9,084
Durable goods	5,344	5,543	5,562	5,576
Nondurable goods	3,349	3,490	3,501	3,508
Private service-providing	88,056	91,083	91,262	91,400
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,648	24,304	24,303	24,311
Wholesale trade	4,543.8	4,683.1	4,691.0	4,704.8
Retail trade	13,263.5	13,496.4	13,487.6	13,478.7
Transportation and warehousing	5,411.2	5,690.1	5,690.0	5,692.0
Utilities	429.1	434.7	434.5	435.7
Information	2,291	2,417	2,422	2,420
Financial activities	6,639	6,749	6,755	6,762
Professional and business services	17,506	17,899	17,900	17,886
Education and health services	20,781	21,354	21,428	21,480
Leisure and hospitality	12,669	13,713	13,787	13,870
Other services	4,522	4,647	4,667	4,671
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.2	33.9	34.0	34.0
Goods-producing	40.8	40.6	40.7	40.8
Mining and logging	46.7	47.3	48.1	48.0
Construction	39.5	39.5	39.5	39.7
Manufacturing	41.3	41.0	41.1	41.1
Durable goods	41.2	41.3	41.5	41.6
Nondurable goods	41.4	40.4	40.5	40.4
Private service-providing	33.1	32.8	32.9	32.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.4	33.9	34.0	33.9
Wholesale trade	39.2	39.0	39.0	38.8
Retail trade	30.8	30.2	30.3	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	38.5	37.9	37.9	37.9
Utilities	42.2	42.4	42.0	42.6
Information	36.3	36.2	36.1	36.2
Financial activities	37.4	37.3	37.2	37.2
Professional and business services	36.3	36.3	36.6	36.5
Education and health services	32.6	32.6	32.6	32.6
Leisure and hospitality	25.0	24.5	24.6	24.5
Other services	31.4	31.2	31.2	31.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.9
Durable goods	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.1
Nondurable goods	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.5
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)
Total private	$26.42	$27.67	$27.77	$27.86	$903.56	$938.01	$944.18	$947.24
Goods-producing	26.88	28.15	28.29	28.41	1,096.70	1,142.89	1,151.40	1,159.13
Mining and logging	31.30	33.14	33.09	33.15	1,461.71	1,567.52	1,591.63	1,591.20
Construction	30.95	32.63	32.83	32.99	1,222.53	1,288.89	1,296.79	1,309.70
Manufacturing	24.17	25.12	25.25	25.35	998.22	1,029.92	1,037.78	1,041.89
Durable goods	25.19	26.27	26.40	26.52	1,037.83	1,084.95	1,095.60	1,103.23
Nondurable goods	22.55	23.26	23.38	23.44	933.57	939.70	946.89	946.98
Private service-providing	26.32	27.57	27.66	27.75	871.19	904.30	910.01	912.98
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22.85	24.07	24.17	24.26	786.04	815.97	821.78	822.41
Wholesale trade	28.20	29.37	29.55	29.71	1,105.44	1,145.43	1,152.45	1,152.75
Retail trade	18.92	19.63	19.67	19.76	582.74	592.83	596.00	598.73
Transportation and warehousing	24.49	26.42	26.60	26.58	942.87	1,001.32	1,008.14	1,007.38
Utilities	40.22	42.20	42.34	42.80	1,697.28	1,789.28	1,778.28	1,823.28
Information	36.91	38.36	38.90	38.93	1,339.83	1,388.63	1,404.29	1,409.27
Financial activities	30.73	32.44	32.53	32.57	1,149.30	1,210.01	1,210.12	1,211.60
Professional and business services	31.29	32.68	32.76	32.90	1,135.83	1,186.28	1,199.02	1,200.85
Education and health services	27.79	29.09	29.13	29.23	905.95	948.33	949.64	952.90
Leisure and hospitality	16.90	17.93	17.99	18.10	422.50	439.29	442.55	443.45
Other services	24.07	24.62	24.77	24.81	755.80	768.14	772.82	776.55
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)	Percent change from: Sept. 2022 - Oct. 2022(p)	Oct. 2021	Aug. 2022	Sept. 2022(p)	Oct. 2022(p)	Percent change from: Sept. 2022 - Oct. 2022(p)
Total private	117.0	120.1	120.7	120.9	0.2	206.6	222.0	224.0	225.0	0.4
Goods-producing	91.2	94.3	94.8	95.2	0.4	150.1	162.5	164.2	165.6	0.9
Mining and logging	107.0	118.9	120.6	119.9	-0.6	194.7	229.1	232.2	231.1	-0.5
Construction	108.8	112.6	112.8	113.6	0.7	181.9	198.3	200.0	202.3	1.2
Manufacturing	82.4	85.0	85.5	85.7	0.2	130.3	139.7	141.2	142.1	0.6
Durable goods	82.7	86.0	86.7	87.1	0.5	130.1	141.0	142.9	144.3	1.0
Nondurable goods	81.7	83.1	83.5	83.5	0.0	130.2	136.5	138.0	138.3	0.2
Private service-providing	124.2	127.3	127.9	128.1	0.2	224.2	240.7	242.7	243.9	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	113.8	115.2	115.6	115.3	-0.3	185.8	198.2	199.6	199.8	0.1
Wholesale trade	105.7	108.4	108.6	108.3	-0.3	176.0	187.9	189.4	190.0	0.3
Retail trade	103.4	103.1	103.4	103.4	0.0	167.6	173.5	174.3	175.0	0.4
Transportation and warehousing	157.7	163.2	163.2	163.3	0.1	245.8	274.5	276.3	276.2	0.0
Utilities	92.6	94.3	93.3	94.9	1.7	155.5	166.0	164.9	169.6	2.9
Information	94.9	99.9	99.8	100.0	0.2	173.4	189.6	192.2	192.7	0.3
Financial activities	116.9	118.5	118.3	118.4	0.1	220.9	236.5	236.7	237.2	0.2
Professional and business services	142.1	145.3	146.5	146.0	-0.3	264.4	282.3	285.4	285.6	0.1
Education and health services	144.4	148.4	148.9	149.3	0.3	264.9	285.0	286.4	288.0	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	116.0	123.1	124.2	124.5	0.2	222.7	250.6	253.8	255.9	0.8
Other services	99.6	101.7	102.1	102.5	0.4	174.6	182.4	184.3	185.4	0.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.