Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-25-1487
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, November 20, 2025

Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 * cesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- SEPTEMBER 2025

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 119,000 in September but has shown little change since
April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The unemployment rate, at 4.4 percent,
changed little in September. Employment continued to trend up in health care, food services and
drinking places, and social assistance. Job losses occurred in transportation and warehousing and
in federal government.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Federal Government Shutdown |
| |
| Publication of September data was delayed by more than 6 weeks because of a lapse in federal |
| appropriations. Collection of September data for the household survey had been completed in |
| accordance with our normal schedule prior to the federal government shutdown. September |
| estimates from the establishment survey include both data collected on our normal schedule |
| prior to the shutdown and also September data that businesses self-reported electronically |
| during the shutdown. As a result, the establishment survey collection rate (80.2 percent) for |
| this initial release of September 2025 data is higher than usual. |
| |
| BLS will not publish an October 2025 Employment Situation news release. Establishment survey |
| data for October 2025 will be published with the November 2025 data. Household survey data were |
| not collected for the October 2025 reference period due to a lapse in appropriations and will |
| not be collected retroactively. For both surveys, the collection period for November 2025 data |
| will be extended, and extra processing time will be needed. The Employment Situation news |
| release for November 2025 is scheduled to be published on Tuesday, December 16, 2025, at 8:30 |
| a.m. (ET). |
|_________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.4 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.6 million,
changed little in September. These measures are higher than a year earlier, when the jobless rate
was 4.1 percent, and the number of unemployed people was 6.9 million. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (4.2 percent) and Asians (4.4
percent) increased in September. The jobless rates for adult men (4.0 percent), teenagers (13.2
percent), Whites (3.8 percent), Blacks (7.5 percent), and Hispanics (5.5 percent) showed little or
no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) changed little at 1.8
million in September. The long-term unemployed accounted for 23.6 percent of all unemployed people.
(See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.4 percent, changed little over the month and over the
year. The employment-population ratio, at 59.7 percent, also changed little in September but was
down by 0.4 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.6 million, changed little in
September. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job decreased by 421,000 to 5.9
million in September. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not
actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a
job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force changed little at 1.7 million in September. These individuals wanted and were
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, also changed little over
the month at 557,000. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 119,000 in September but has shown little change since
April. In September, employment continued to trend up in health care, food services and drinking
places, and social assistance. Job losses occurred in transportation and warehousing and in federal
government. (See table B-1.)

In September, health care added 43,000 jobs, about the same as the average monthly gain of 42,000
over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment gains occurred in ambulatory health care
services (+23,000) and hospitals (+16,000).

Employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up in September (+37,000).

In September, social assistance employment continued to trend up (+14,000), reflecting continued
job growth in individual and family services (+20,000).

Employment in transportation and warehousing declined by 25,000 in September as job losses occurred
in warehousing and storage (-11,000) and couriers and messengers (-7,000).

Federal government employment continued to decline in September (-3,000) and is down by 97,000
since reaching a peak in January. (Employees on paid leave or receiving ongoing severance pay are
counted as employed in the establishment survey.)

Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; retail trade;
information; financial activities; professional and business services; and other services.

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 9 cents, or 0.2
percent, to $36.67 in September. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by
3.8 percent. In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees rose by 8 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $31.53. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

In September, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at
34.2 hours. In manufacturing, the average workweek changed little at 39.9 hours, and overtime was
unchanged at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours in September. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised down by 7,000, from +79,000 to
+72,000, and the change for August was revised down by 26,000, from +22,000 to -4,000. With these
revisions, employment in July and August combined is 33,000 lower than previously reported.
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Tuesday, December 16, 2025, at
8:30 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Upcoming Changes to the Establishment Survey Birth-Death Model |
| |
| Effective with the release of January 2026 data, the establishment survey will change the |
| birth-death model by incorporating current sample information each month. The change follows |
| the same methodology applied to the April through October 2024 forecasts during the 2024 |
| post-benchmark period (see question 9 in the CES Birth-Death Model Frequently Asked Questions |
| page at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbdqa.htm). |
|_________________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Change from: Aug. 2025- Sept. 2025
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	269,080	273,785	274,001	274,226	225
Civilian labor force	168,703	170,342	170,778	171,248	470
Participation rate	62.7	62.2	62.3	62.4	0.1
Employed	161,802	163,106	163,394	163,645	251
Employment-population ratio	60.1	59.6	59.6	59.7	0.1
Unemployed	6,901	7,236	7,384	7,603	219
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.4	0.1
Not in labor force	100,377	103,443	103,223	102,978	-245

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.4	0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.6	3.7	3.8	4.2	0.4
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	14.2	15.2	13.9	13.2	-0.7
White	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.8	0.1
Black or African American	5.7	7.2	7.5	7.5	0.0
Asian	4.1	3.9	3.6	4.4	0.8
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.1	5.0	5.3	5.5	0.2

Total, 25 years and over	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.5	0.1
Less than a high school diploma	6.8	5.5	6.7	6.8	0.1
High school graduates, no college	4.0	4.4	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.4	0.2
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.3	2.7	2.7	2.8	0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,233	3,405	3,437	3,525	88
Job leavers	819	784	784	861	77
Reentrants	2,051	2,180	2,287	2,325	38
New entrants	656	985	786	813	27

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,139	2,299	2,476	2,227	-249
5 to 14 weeks	1,987	2,034	2,049	2,367	318
15 to 26 weeks	1,133	1,167	1,047	1,290	243
27 weeks and over	1,614	1,826	1,930	1,814	-116

Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,624	4,684	4,749	4,579	-170
Slack work or business conditions	3,028	3,035	3,063	3,123	60
Could only find part-time work	1,260	1,264	1,308	1,170	-138
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,553	22,770	23,298	22,756	-542

People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,610	1,689	1,836	1,742	-94
Discouraged workers	448	425	514	557	43
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	240	72	-4	119
Total private	208	56	18	97
Goods-producing	32	-16	-32	10
Mining and logging	2	-4	-3	-3
Construction	30	-3	-14	19
Manufacturing	0	-9	-15	-6
Durable goods(1)	1	3	-21	-4
Motor vehicles and parts	-2.3	1.7	-8.6	-1.2
Nondurable goods	-1	-12	6	-2
Private service-providing	176	72	50	87
Wholesale trade	7.1	-4.4	-7.8	9.4
Retail trade	13.7	5.7	3.2	13.9
Transportation and warehousing	7.1	-5.1	2.5	-25.3
Utilities	2.6	0.4	-1.1	-0.2
Information	0	-6	-7	0
Financial activities	5	1	-15	5
Professional and business services(1)	-16	-13	-17	-20
Temporary help services	-18.3	-15.0	-10.1	-15.9
Private education and health services(1)	98	80	43	59
Health care and social assistance	78.7	71.1	40.2	57.1
Leisure and hospitality	51	9	32	47
Other services	7	5	17	-2
Government	32	16	-22	22

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	133	26	18	62
Total private	94	33	16	57

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.5	81.5	81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.2	34.3	34.2	34.2
Average hourly earnings	$35.33	$36.43	$36.58	$36.67
Average weekly earnings	$1,208.29	$1,249.55	$1,251.04	$1,254.11
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.8	117.0	116.7	116.8
Over-the-month percent change	-0.1	0.3	-0.3	0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	195.6	203.8	204.1	204.7
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.6	0.1	0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	57.0	48.4	49.0	55.6
Manufacturing (72 industries)	41.0	44.4	47.9	52.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 631,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-86,000 to +186,000 (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Sept. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	269,080	274,001	274,226	269,080	273,385	273,585	273,785	274,001	274,226
Civilian labor force	168,569	171,035	171,217	168,703	170,510	170,380	170,342	170,778	171,248
Participation rate	62.6	62.4	62.4	62.7	62.4	62.3	62.2	62.3	62.4
Employed	162,046	163,288	163,894	161,802	163,273	163,366	163,106	163,394	163,645
Employment-population ratio	60.2	59.6	59.8	60.1	59.7	59.7	59.6	59.6	59.7
Unemployed	6,524	7,747	7,324	6,901	7,237	7,015	7,236	7,384	7,603
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.5	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.4
Not in labor force	100,511	102,966	103,009	100,377	102,875	103,204	103,443	103,223	102,978
People who currently want a job	5,591	6,499	5,792	5,683	5,991	6,030	6,175	6,354	5,933

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	131,186	133,651	133,760	131,186	133,351	133,449	133,546	133,651	133,760
Civilian labor force	89,209	91,113	90,615	89,339	90,392	90,461	90,319	90,882	90,675
Participation rate	68.0	68.2	67.7	68.1	67.8	67.8	67.6	68.0	67.8
Employed	85,754	87,194	86,849	85,562	86,486	86,575	86,347	86,886	86,650
Employment-population ratio	65.4	65.2	64.9	65.2	64.9	64.9	64.7	65.0	64.8
Unemployed	3,455	3,920	3,766	3,777	3,906	3,886	3,973	3,996	4,024
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.4
Not in labor force	41,978	42,538	43,144	41,848	42,959	42,988	43,227	42,769	43,085

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,221	124,571	124,684	122,221	124,261	124,361	124,462	124,571	124,684
Civilian labor force	86,045	87,779	87,553	86,042	87,087	87,250	87,111	87,757	87,473
Participation rate	70.4	70.5	70.2	70.4	70.1	70.2	70.0	70.4	70.2
Employed	83,091	84,280	84,252	82,783	83,704	83,872	83,660	84,171	83,932
Employment-population ratio	68.0	67.7	67.6	67.7	67.4	67.4	67.2	67.6	67.3
Unemployed	2,955	3,498	3,301	3,258	3,383	3,378	3,450	3,586	3,540
Unemployment rate	3.4	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.0
Not in labor force	36,175	36,792	37,131	36,179	37,174	37,111	37,351	36,814	37,211

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	137,894	140,350	140,466	137,894	140,033	140,136	140,239	140,350	140,466
Civilian labor force	79,361	79,921	80,602	79,365	80,118	79,920	80,023	79,896	80,573
Participation rate	57.6	56.9	57.4	57.6	57.2	57.0	57.1	56.9	57.4
Employed	76,292	76,094	77,045	76,240	76,787	76,791	76,760	76,508	76,994
Employment-population ratio	55.3	54.2	54.8	55.3	54.8	54.8	54.7	54.5	54.8
Unemployed	3,069	3,827	3,557	3,125	3,331	3,129	3,263	3,388	3,579
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.8	4.4	3.9	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.4
Not in labor force	58,533	60,429	59,864	58,529	59,915	60,216	60,216	60,455	59,893

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	129,236	131,597	131,717	129,236	131,268	131,374	131,481	131,597	131,717
Civilian labor force	76,264	76,636	77,476	76,110	76,968	76,865	76,991	76,820	77,307
Participation rate	59.0	58.2	58.8	58.9	58.6	58.5	58.6	58.4	58.7
Employed	73,598	73,300	74,278	73,397	73,979	74,134	74,155	73,881	74,096
Employment-population ratio	56.9	55.7	56.4	56.8	56.4	56.4	56.4	56.1	56.3
Unemployed	2,667	3,336	3,198	2,713	2,989	2,732	2,836	2,939	3,211
Unemployment rate	3.5	4.4	4.1	3.6	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.8	4.2
Not in labor force	52,972	54,961	54,241	53,126	54,300	54,509	54,490	54,776	54,411

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,623	17,833	17,824	17,623	17,856	17,850	17,843	17,833	17,824
Civilian labor force	6,260	6,620	6,188	6,552	6,456	6,265	6,241	6,200	6,469
Participation rate	35.5	37.1	34.7	37.2	36.2	35.1	35.0	34.8	36.3
Employed	5,357	5,707	5,363	5,621	5,590	5,361	5,291	5,342	5,617
Employment-population ratio	30.4	32.0	30.1	31.9	31.3	30.0	29.7	30.0	31.5
Unemployed	902	913	825	930	866	905	950	859	852
Unemployment rate	14.4	13.8	13.3	14.2	13.4	14.4	15.2	13.9	13.2
Not in labor force	11,364	11,213	11,636	11,072	11,400	11,584	11,602	11,633	11,356
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Sept. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	205,338	207,675	207,788	205,338	207,377	207,472	207,569	207,675	207,788
Civilian labor force	128,149	128,535	128,595	128,126	128,538	128,514	128,628	128,386	128,553
Participation rate	62.4	61.9	61.9	62.4	62.0	61.9	62.0	61.8	61.9
Employed	123,659	123,515	123,958	123,445	123,605	123,899	123,864	123,581	123,731
Employment-population ratio	60.2	59.5	59.7	60.1	59.6	59.7	59.7	59.5	59.5
Unemployed	4,490	5,020	4,637	4,681	4,934	4,615	4,764	4,806	4,822
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8
Not in labor force	77,189	79,140	79,193	77,212	78,839	78,958	78,941	79,289	79,235
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,445	66,948	66,806	66,375	66,593	66,664	66,741	66,931	66,717
Participation rate	70.2	69.8	69.6	70.1	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.8	69.5
Employed	64,353	64,582	64,628	64,101	64,200	64,415	64,414	64,482	64,355
Employment-population ratio	67.9	67.4	67.4	67.7	67.1	67.3	67.2	67.3	67.1
Unemployed	2,091	2,366	2,178	2,274	2,392	2,250	2,327	2,450	2,362
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,837	56,529	57,165	56,670	56,923	57,000	57,008	56,703	56,994
Participation rate	58.1	57.1	57.7	57.9	57.6	57.6	57.6	57.3	57.5
Employed	55,096	54,464	55,237	54,921	55,047	55,244	55,259	54,911	55,073
Employment-population ratio	56.3	55.0	55.8	56.1	55.7	55.9	55.8	55.5	55.6
Unemployed	1,741	2,064	1,928	1,749	1,876	1,756	1,749	1,792	1,922
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.7	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,867	5,059	4,624	5,082	5,023	4,850	4,879	4,752	4,841
Participation rate	38.3	39.6	36.2	39.9	39.2	37.9	38.2	37.2	37.9
Employed	4,209	4,469	4,093	4,423	4,358	4,241	4,191	4,188	4,303
Employment-population ratio	33.1	35.0	32.1	34.8	34.0	33.1	32.8	32.8	33.7
Unemployed	657	589	531	658	665	609	688	564	538
Unemployment rate	13.5	11.7	11.5	13.0	13.2	12.6	14.1	11.9	11.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	35,092	35,854	35,892	35,092	35,751	35,784	35,818	35,854	35,892
Civilian labor force	21,974	22,525	22,510	22,052	22,174	22,161	22,071	22,431	22,582
Participation rate	62.6	62.8	62.7	62.8	62.0	61.9	61.6	62.6	62.9
Employed	20,780	20,714	20,868	20,790	20,843	20,650	20,484	20,744	20,885
Employment-population ratio	59.2	57.8	58.1	59.2	58.3	57.7	57.2	57.9	58.2
Unemployed	1,194	1,811	1,642	1,262	1,332	1,511	1,587	1,687	1,697
Unemployment rate	5.4	8.0	7.3	5.7	6.0	6.8	7.2	7.5	7.5
Not in labor force	13,118	13,329	13,382	13,040	13,577	13,623	13,747	13,423	13,309
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,355	10,672	10,594	10,342	10,409	10,473	10,346	10,646	10,590
Participation rate	69.4	70.0	69.4	69.3	68.5	68.8	67.9	69.8	69.4
Employed	9,849	9,929	9,928	9,809	9,869	9,752	9,623	9,893	9,889
Employment-population ratio	66.0	65.1	65.0	65.8	64.9	64.1	63.2	64.9	64.8
Unemployed	506	744	667	533	540	721	723	753	701
Unemployment rate	4.9	7.0	6.3	5.2	5.2	6.9	7.0	7.1	6.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,906	11,026	11,071	10,941	11,016	10,883	10,941	11,000	11,099
Participation rate	62.1	61.5	61.7	62.3	61.7	60.9	61.1	61.4	61.9
Employed	10,346	10,167	10,252	10,356	10,332	10,248	10,247	10,260	10,269
Employment-population ratio	59.0	56.7	57.1	59.0	57.8	57.3	57.2	57.3	57.2
Unemployed	560	858	819	585	684	634	694	739	830
Unemployment rate	5.1	7.8	7.4	5.3	6.2	5.8	6.3	6.7	7.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	713	828	845	769	749	806	783	785	894
Participation rate	27.1	30.9	31.5	29.3	27.9	30.0	29.2	29.3	33.3
Employed	585	618	689	625	641	651	614	590	727
Employment-population ratio	22.2	23.0	25.7	23.7	23.9	24.3	22.9	22.0	27.1
Unemployed	128	209	156	145	108	155	170	195	167
Unemployment rate	18.0	25.3	18.5	18.8	14.4	19.2	21.7	24.8	18.6

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,902	19,408	19,519	17,902	19,291	19,294	19,313	19,408	19,519
Civilian labor force	11,682	12,688	12,756	11,664	12,708	12,633	12,530	12,615	12,740
Participation rate	65.3	65.4	65.4	65.2	65.9	65.5	64.9	65.0	65.3
Employed	11,206	12,213	12,197	11,185	12,247	12,186	12,036	12,163	12,184
Employment-population ratio	62.6	62.9	62.5	62.5	63.5	63.2	62.3	62.7	62.4
Unemployed	476	475	559	478	461	447	494	452	556
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.7	4.4	4.1	3.6	3.5	3.9	3.6	4.4
Not in labor force	6,220	6,720	6,763	6,238	6,583	6,661	6,783	6,793	6,779
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Sept. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	49,180	51,629	51,746	49,180	51,297	51,406	51,514	51,629	51,746
Civilian labor force	33,083	34,568	34,800	33,129	34,452	34,318	34,500	34,579	34,831
Participation rate	67.3	67.0	67.3	67.4	67.2	66.8	67.0	67.0	67.3
Employed	31,481	32,685	32,964	31,441	32,682	32,686	32,773	32,758	32,914
Employment-population ratio	64.0	63.3	63.7	63.9	63.7	63.6	63.6	63.4	63.6
Unemployed	1,602	1,882	1,837	1,688	1,770	1,632	1,727	1,820	1,918
Unemployment rate	4.8	5.4	5.3	5.1	5.1	4.8	5.0	5.3	5.5
Not in labor force	16,097	17,061	16,946	16,051	16,845	17,088	17,014	17,050	16,914
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,677	18,544	18,554	17,698	18,431	18,455	18,435	18,509	18,574
Participation rate	79.5	79.2	79.0	79.6	79.3	79.2	78.9	79.0	79.1
Employed	17,039	17,649	17,779	16,979	17,610	17,694	17,652	17,623	17,715
Employment-population ratio	76.7	75.4	75.7	76.4	75.7	75.9	75.6	75.3	75.5
Unemployed	638	895	775	719	821	761	782	886	859
Unemployment rate	3.6	4.8	4.2	4.1	4.5	4.1	4.2	4.8	4.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,912	14,440	14,723	13,888	14,473	14,305	14,450	14,514	14,684
Participation rate	62.3	61.6	62.7	62.2	62.2	61.3	61.8	61.9	62.5
Employed	13,250	13,697	13,906	13,224	13,742	13,668	13,797	13,804	13,872
Employment-population ratio	59.3	58.5	59.2	59.2	59.1	58.6	59.0	58.9	59.1
Unemployed	662	742	817	665	731	637	652	710	812
Unemployment rate	4.8	5.1	5.5	4.8	5.0	4.5	4.5	4.9	5.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,495	1,585	1,524	1,543	1,549	1,558	1,616	1,556	1,574
Participation rate	32.4	33.2	31.9	33.4	32.4	32.6	33.8	32.5	32.9
Employed	1,192	1,339	1,280	1,238	1,330	1,324	1,323	1,331	1,327
Employment-population ratio	25.8	28.0	26.8	26.8	27.9	27.7	27.7	27.9	27.8
Unemployed	302	246	244	304	218	234	292	224	247
Unemployment rate	20.2	15.5	16.0	19.7	14.1	15.0	18.1	14.4	15.7
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	Sept. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,355	8,627	8,968	9,260	9,055	9,019	9,036	8,651	8,871
Participation rate	48.1	47.3	48.1	47.6	46.6	46.2	49.0	47.5	47.6
Employed	8,802	8,092	8,435	8,633	8,553	8,496	8,534	8,071	8,268
Employment-population ratio	45.3	44.4	45.2	44.4	44.0	43.5	46.3	44.3	44.3
Unemployed	553	535	533	627	502	522	501	580	602
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.2	5.9	6.8	5.5	5.8	5.5	6.7	6.8

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,408	37,070	36,326	36,198	36,460	36,569	36,255	36,833	36,162
Participation rate	57.0	57.3	56.8	56.7	56.6	57.1	56.5	56.9	56.6
Employed	35,031	35,489	34,883	34,742	34,836	35,124	34,658	35,233	34,638
Employment-population ratio	54.8	54.8	54.6	54.4	54.1	54.8	54.0	54.4	54.2
Unemployed	1,377	1,582	1,443	1,455	1,623	1,446	1,597	1,600	1,524
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.3	4.0	4.0	4.5	4.0	4.4	4.3	4.2

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,990	35,797	36,711	35,871	36,128	36,218	36,212	36,210	36,573
Participation rate	63.3	62.9	63.1	63.1	62.8	62.9	63.0	63.6	62.9
Employed	34,808	34,570	35,493	34,650	34,946	35,069	35,129	35,046	35,319
Employment-population ratio	61.2	60.7	61.0	60.9	60.8	60.9	61.1	61.5	60.7
Unemployed	1,182	1,227	1,219	1,220	1,181	1,149	1,083	1,164	1,254
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.0	3.2	3.4

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	65,527	67,373	67,553	65,473	66,744	66,761	67,178	67,599	67,509
Participation rate	72.9	71.4	72.1	72.9	72.3	72.0	71.5	71.7	72.1
Employed	64,073	65,343	65,675	63,956	65,022	65,089	65,339	65,789	65,587
Employment-population ratio	71.3	69.3	70.1	71.2	70.4	70.2	69.6	69.8	70.0
Unemployed	1,454	2,030	1,878	1,517	1,722	1,672	1,838	1,810	1,923
Unemployment rate	2.2	3.0	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.8
Footnotes (1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,509	17,185	15,455	15,105	2,054	2,080
Civilian labor force	8,445	8,424	7,250	7,200	1,195	1,224
Participation rate	48.2	49.0	46.9	47.7	58.2	58.8
Employed	8,215	8,204	7,072	7,037	1,143	1,167
Employment-population ratio	46.9	47.7	45.8	46.6	55.6	56.1
Unemployed	230	219	178	163	52	56
Unemployment rate	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.3	4.3	4.6
Not in labor force	9,064	8,761	8,205	7,905	859	856

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,300	5,575	4,333	4,561	967	1,013
Civilian labor force	4,217	4,363	3,517	3,663	700	700
Participation rate	79.6	78.3	81.2	80.3	72.3	69.1
Employed	4,110	4,259	3,435	3,587	675	671
Employment-population ratio	77.5	76.4	79.3	78.6	69.7	66.3
Unemployed	107	104	82	76	25	29
Unemployment rate	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.1	3.6	4.1
Not in labor force	1,083	1,212	815	899	268	313

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,875	3,324	2,435	2,829	440	496
Civilian labor force	1,943	2,225	1,666	1,885	277	340
Participation rate	67.6	66.9	68.4	66.6	63.1	68.6
Employed	1,888	2,179	1,628	1,856	259	322
Employment-population ratio	65.7	65.5	66.9	65.6	58.9	65.1
Unemployed	55	46	37	29	18	18
Unemployment rate	2.8	2.1	2.2	1.5	6.5	5.2
Not in labor force	932	1,099	770	944	162	156

Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,577	4,805	5,340	4,621	237	184
Civilian labor force	704	527	673	501	31	26
Participation rate	12.6	11.0	12.6	10.8	13.2	14.1
Employed	686	516	656	490	30	26
Employment-population ratio	12.3	10.7	12.3	10.6	12.7	14.1
Unemployed	18	11	17	11	1	0
Unemployment rate	2.6	2.1	2.5	2.2	-	-
Not in labor force	4,873	4,278	4,667	4,120	206	158

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,757	3,481	3,347	3,094	410	387
Civilian labor force	1,580	1,309	1,394	1,152	186	157
Participation rate	42.1	37.6	41.7	37.2	45.4	40.7
Employed	1,531	1,251	1,352	1,104	179	148
Employment-population ratio	40.8	35.9	40.4	35.7	43.7	38.1
Unemployed	49	58	42	48	7	10
Unemployment rate	3.1	4.4	3.0	4.2	3.7	6.3
Not in labor force	2,177	2,172	1,953	1,942	224	230

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	242,028	247,344	110,883	113,757	131,145	133,588
Civilian labor force	157,579	160,310	80,719	82,266	76,860	78,045
Participation rate	65.1	64.8	72.8	72.3	58.6	58.4
Employed	151,614	153,527	77,630	78,832	73,985	74,695
Employment-population ratio	62.6	62.1	70.0	69.3	56.4	55.9
Unemployed	5,965	6,783	3,089	3,434	2,876	3,349
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.2	3.8	4.2	3.7	4.3
Not in labor force	84,449	87,034	30,165	31,491	54,285	55,543
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	People with a disability		People with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,660	35,130	235,420	239,096
Civilian labor force	8,243	8,773	160,327	162,444
Participation rate	24.5	25.0	68.1	67.9
Employed	7,646	8,012	154,400	155,881
Employment-population ratio	22.7	22.8	65.6	65.2
Unemployed	597	760	5,927	6,563
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.7	3.7	4.0
Not in labor force	25,417	26,357	75,093	76,651

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,445	3,713	79,242	80,168
Participation rate	42.4	43.5	82.8	82.8
Employed	3,155	3,374	76,242	76,943
Employment-population ratio	38.9	39.5	79.7	79.4
Unemployed	290	339	3,000	3,225
Unemployment rate	8.4	9.1	3.8	4.0
Not in labor force	4,674	4,818	16,414	16,698

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,381	3,554	70,502	71,644
Participation rate	39.2	40.8	73.0	73.1
Employed	3,129	3,212	67,832	68,630
Employment-population ratio	36.3	36.8	70.2	70.1
Unemployed	252	342	2,670	3,014
Unemployment rate	7.5	9.6	3.8	4.2
Not in labor force	5,247	5,165	26,067	26,325

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,417	1,506	10,582	10,632
Participation rate	8.4	8.4	24.5	24.0
Employed	1,361	1,427	10,326	10,308
Employment-population ratio	8.0	8.0	23.9	23.3
Unemployed	55	79	256	325
Unemployment rate	3.9	5.3	2.4	3.1
Not in labor force	15,497	16,374	32,612	33,627
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,800	48,409	24,105	23,525	24,695	24,884
Civilian labor force	32,781	32,073	18,766	18,134	14,015	13,939
Participation rate	67.2	66.3	77.9	77.1	56.8	56.0
Employed	31,414	30,744	18,142	17,556	13,272	13,188
Employment-population ratio	64.4	63.5	75.3	74.6	53.7	53.0
Unemployed	1,368	1,329	624	578	744	751
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.1	3.3	3.2	5.3	5.4
Not in labor force	16,018	16,336	5,339	5,390	10,680	10,945

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	220,280	225,817	107,081	110,235	113,199	115,582
Civilian labor force	135,788	139,144	70,442	72,481	65,346	66,663
Participation rate	61.6	61.6	65.8	65.8	57.7	57.7
Employed	130,632	133,150	67,612	69,293	63,020	63,856
Employment-population ratio	59.3	59.0	63.1	62.9	55.7	55.2
Unemployed	5,156	5,995	2,831	3,188	2,325	2,806
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.3	4.0	4.4	3.6	4.2
Not in labor force	84,492	86,673	36,639	37,754	47,853	48,919
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	Sept. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,273	2,314	2,209	2,263	2,062	2,162	2,216	2,238	2,198
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,648	1,598	1,533	1,628	1,414	1,529	1,610	1,530	1,519
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	617	689	658	617	628	581	554	670	657
Unpaid family workers	8	27	18	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	159,772	160,973	161,685	159,531	161,223	161,353	160,962	161,165	161,411
Wage and salary workers(1)	150,426	151,608	152,530	150,213	151,789	152,125	151,816	151,837	152,294
Government	22,176	21,874	22,620	22,220	21,807	21,532	21,635	22,446	22,554
Private industries	128,251	129,734	129,910	128,076	129,957	130,589	130,131	129,247	129,757
Private households	654	505	534	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	127,597	129,229	129,376	127,458	129,357	129,930	129,534	128,781	129,215
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,300	9,345	9,138	9,228	9,385	9,095	9,060	9,247	9,073
Unpaid family workers	46	20	17	-	-	-	-	-	-

PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,297	4,684	4,247	4,624	4,624	4,465	4,684	4,749	4,579
Slack work or business conditions	2,807	2,945	2,900	3,028	3,007	3,109	3,035	3,063	3,123
Could only find part-time work	1,298	1,298	1,173	1,260	1,385	1,161	1,264	1,308	1,170
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,704	21,905	22,885	22,553	22,588	22,556	22,770	23,298	22,756
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,227	4,632	4,183	4,527	4,548	4,372	4,559	4,682	4,491
Slack work or business conditions	2,751	2,907	2,853	2,946	2,941	3,022	2,932	3,010	3,048
Could only find part-time work	1,298	1,291	1,167	1,258	1,375	1,156	1,257	1,309	1,162
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,374	21,473	22,489	22,217	22,239	22,208	22,392	22,855	22,355
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Sept. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	162,046	163,288	163,894	161,802	163,273	163,366	163,106	163,394	163,645
16 to 19 years	5,357	5,707	5,363	5,621	5,590	5,361	5,291	5,342	5,617
16 to 17 years	2,217	2,124	2,162	2,184	1,939	1,958	1,985	1,911	2,115
18 to 19 years	3,141	3,583	3,201	3,408	3,646	3,419	3,290	3,415	3,474
20 years and over	156,688	157,581	158,530	156,180	157,683	158,005	157,815	158,052	158,028
20 to 24 years	13,975	14,087	14,044	14,081	14,332	14,298	14,321	13,972	14,166
25 years and over	142,713	143,494	144,486	142,089	143,369	143,707	143,522	143,981	143,874
25 to 54 years	104,493	105,525	106,214	104,171	105,404	105,843	105,425	105,877	105,879
25 to 34 years	35,634	36,076	36,095	35,566	36,413	36,425	36,169	36,250	36,046
35 to 44 years	36,567	37,157	37,489	36,447	36,842	36,994	37,041	37,252	37,354
45 to 54 years	32,293	32,292	32,629	32,158	32,149	32,424	32,216	32,375	32,479
55 years and over	38,220	37,969	38,272	37,918	37,965	37,863	38,097	38,104	37,996

Men, 16 years and over	85,754	87,194	86,849	85,562	86,486	86,575	86,347	86,886	86,650
16 to 19 years	2,663	2,913	2,597	2,779	2,782	2,703	2,686	2,715	2,718
16 to 17 years	1,052	957	980	1,035	953	943	931	855	960
18 to 19 years	1,611	1,957	1,617	1,726	1,829	1,776	1,742	1,839	1,734
20 years and over	83,091	84,280	84,252	82,783	83,704	83,872	83,660	84,171	83,932
20 to 24 years	7,164	7,292	7,252	7,221	7,314	7,378	7,266	7,159	7,315
25 years and over	75,927	76,989	77,000	75,554	76,358	76,455	76,392	76,932	76,623
25 to 54 years	55,471	56,450	56,537	55,261	56,033	56,262	55,948	56,382	56,314
25 to 34 years	18,918	19,324	19,249	18,858	19,388	19,449	19,264	19,343	19,204
35 to 44 years	19,525	20,042	20,108	19,456	19,717	19,821	19,737	20,004	20,026
45 to 54 years	17,028	17,084	17,180	16,946	16,927	16,992	16,947	17,035	17,084
55 years and over	20,456	20,539	20,463	20,293	20,325	20,193	20,444	20,550	20,309

Women, 16 years and over	76,292	76,094	77,045	76,240	76,787	76,791	76,760	76,508	76,994
16 to 19 years	2,694	2,794	2,766	2,843	2,808	2,657	2,605	2,627	2,899
16 to 17 years	1,164	1,168	1,182	1,149	986	1,015	1,054	1,056	1,155
18 to 19 years	1,530	1,626	1,584	1,682	1,817	1,643	1,548	1,576	1,740
20 years and over	73,598	73,300	74,278	73,397	73,979	74,134	74,155	73,881	74,096
20 to 24 years	6,811	6,795	6,793	6,860	7,018	6,920	7,055	6,813	6,851
25 years and over	66,786	66,505	67,486	66,535	67,011	67,252	67,129	67,049	67,252
25 to 54 years	49,022	49,074	49,677	48,910	49,370	49,581	49,477	49,495	49,565
25 to 34 years	16,716	16,752	16,846	16,707	17,024	16,976	16,905	16,908	16,842
35 to 44 years	17,042	17,115	17,382	16,990	17,125	17,173	17,304	17,247	17,328
45 to 54 years	15,264	15,208	15,449	15,212	15,222	15,432	15,269	15,340	15,395
55 years and over	17,764	17,431	17,809	17,625	17,640	17,671	17,652	17,554	17,686

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	46,371	46,843	46,477	46,044	46,449	46,654	46,905	46,898	46,201
Married women, spouse present(1)	37,600	37,698	38,235	37,419	37,084	37,660	37,921	38,006	38,009
Women who maintain families(2)	9,852	9,649	9,824	-	-	-	-	-	-

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	134,145	135,475	135,708	133,627	134,840	135,277	134,837	134,480	135,153
Part-time workers(4)	27,901	27,812	28,186	28,128	28,557	28,190	28,437	29,034	28,461

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,648	8,479	8,794	8,653	8,583	8,865	8,342	8,785	8,802
Percent of total employed	5.3	5.2	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.4	5.4

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	7,174	6,979	7,164	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,917	10,035	9,796	9,845	10,013	9,675	9,613	9,917	9,731
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	Sept. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,901	7,384	7,603	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.4
16 to 19 years	930	859	852	14.2	13.4	14.4	15.2	13.9	13.2
16 to 17 years	370	348	365	14.5	14.5	14.0	14.8	15.4	14.7
18 to 19 years	558	512	497	14.1	12.7	15.1	15.6	13.0	12.5
20 years and over	5,971	6,525	6,751	3.7	3.9	3.7	3.8	4.0	4.1
20 to 24 years	1,061	1,416	1,432	7.0	8.2	8.2	7.9	9.2	9.2
25 years and over	4,796	5,113	5,276	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.5
25 to 54 years	3,701	3,963	4,013	3.4	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.6	3.7
25 to 34 years	1,539	1,667	1,818	4.1	4.1	3.8	4.3	4.4	4.8
35 to 44 years	1,274	1,333	1,249	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.2
45 to 54 years	889	963	946	2.7	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8
55 years and over	1,113	1,151	1,281	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.3

Men, 16 years and over	3,777	3,996	4,024	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.4
16 to 19 years	518	410	484	15.7	15.8	15.8	16.3	13.1	15.1
16 to 17 years	208	182	192	16.8	17.5	14.1	18.1	17.5	16.7
18 to 19 years	316	231	298	15.5	14.5	17.2	15.3	11.2	14.7
20 years and over	3,258	3,586	3,540	3.8	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.0
20 to 24 years	580	785	755	7.4	8.8	9.0	8.3	9.9	9.4
25 years and over	2,599	2,801	2,771	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.5
25 to 54 years	1,984	2,162	2,067	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.5
25 to 34 years	832	923	1,005	4.2	4.2	4.0	4.6	4.6	5.0
35 to 44 years	673	719	563	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.4	3.5	2.7
45 to 54 years	479	521	499	2.7	3.2	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.8
55 years and over	615	639	704	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.4

Women, 16 years and over	3,125	3,388	3,579	3.9	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.4
16 to 19 years	412	448	368	12.7	10.9	13.0	14.1	14.6	11.3
16 to 17 years	162	167	172	12.3	11.4	13.9	11.7	13.6	13.0
18 to 19 years	243	281	198	12.6	10.8	12.6	16.0	15.1	10.2
20 years and over	2,713	2,939	3,211	3.6	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.8	4.2
20 to 24 years	482	631	677	6.6	7.6	7.2	7.4	8.5	9.0
25 years and over	2,197	2,312	2,506	3.2	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.6
25 to 54 years	1,717	1,801	1,947	3.4	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.8
25 to 34 years	706	744	813	4.1	4.0	3.5	3.9	4.2	4.6
35 to 44 years	600	615	687	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.8
45 to 54 years	410	442	447	2.6	3.3	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.8
55 years and over	479	522	565	2.6	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.1

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,008	1,162	1,094	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.3
Married women, spouse present(1)	929	969	904	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.3
Women who maintain families(2)	482	646	641	4.7	5.9	5.5	6.5	6.3	6.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,544	5,981	6,235	4.0	4.2	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.4
Part-time workers(4)	1,242	1,443	1,322	4.2	4.4	4.7	4.3	4.7	4.4
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	Sept. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	2,879	3,556	3,164	3,233	3,457	3,293	3,405	3,437	3,525
On temporary layoff	557	943	495	885	874	860	940	886	833
Not on temporary layoff	2,322	2,613	2,669	2,348	2,583	2,433	2,465	2,552	2,691
Permanent job losers	1,667	1,987	2,003	1,690	1,916	1,887	1,887	1,925	2,023
People who completed temporary jobs	655	626	666	659	668	546	577	627	669
Job leavers	884	855	930	819	704	825	784	784	861
Reentrants	2,131	2,412	2,423	2,051	2,288	2,145	2,180	2,287	2,325
New entrants	630	924	806	656	725	710	985	786	813

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	44.1	45.9	43.2	47.8	48.2	47.2	46.3	47.1	46.9
On temporary layoff	8.5	12.2	6.8	13.1	12.2	12.3	12.8	12.1	11.1
Not on temporary layoff	35.6	33.7	36.4	34.7	36.0	34.9	33.5	35.0	35.8
Job leavers	13.6	11.0	12.7	12.1	9.8	11.8	10.7	10.7	11.4
Reentrants	32.7	31.1	33.1	30.3	31.9	30.8	29.6	31.3	30.9
New entrants	9.7	11.9	11.0	9.7	10.1	10.2	13.4	10.8	10.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	1.7	2.1	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.1
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4
New entrants	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	Sept. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,095	2,477	2,160	2,139	2,451	2,241	2,299	2,476	2,227
5 to 14 weeks	1,803	2,409	2,174	1,987	2,208	2,131	2,034	2,049	2,367
15 weeks and over	2,626	2,861	2,989	2,747	2,495	2,710	2,993	2,977	3,105
15 to 26 weeks	1,021	923	1,182	1,133	1,039	1,063	1,167	1,047	1,290
27 weeks and over	1,605	1,938	1,808	1,614	1,457	1,647	1,826	1,930	1,814

Average (mean) duration, in weeks	23.1	24.3	24.7	22.6	21.8	23.0	24.1	24.5	24.1
Median duration, in weeks	10.7	9.8	10.7	9.9	9.5	10.1	10.2	9.8	10.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	32.1	32.0	29.5	31.1	34.3	31.6	31.4	33.0	28.9
5 to 14 weeks	27.6	31.1	29.7	28.9	30.9	30.1	27.8	27.3	30.7
15 weeks and over	40.2	36.9	40.8	40.0	34.9	38.3	40.9	39.7	40.3
15 to 26 weeks	15.7	11.9	16.1	16.5	14.5	15.0	15.9	14.0	16.8
27 weeks and over	24.6	25.0	24.7	23.5	20.4	23.3	24.9	25.7	23.6
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	162,046	163,894	6,524	7,324	3.9	4.3
Management, professional, and related occupations	70,916	71,646	1,647	1,831	2.3	2.5
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,843	31,363	705	685	2.2	2.1
Professional and related occupations	40,073	40,283	942	1,146	2.3	2.8
Service occupations	27,014	27,346	1,341	1,565	4.7	5.4
Sales and office occupations	29,642	30,662	1,249	1,484	4.0	4.6
Sales and related occupations	13,797	14,054	649	702	4.5	4.8
Office and administrative support occupations	15,845	16,608	601	782	3.7	4.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,600	14,905	598	565	3.9	3.7
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,049	1,064	96	85	8.4	7.4
Construction and extraction occupations	8,606	8,577	384	340	4.3	3.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,945	5,264	118	139	2.3	2.6
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,874	19,335	1,041	1,067	5.0	5.2
Production occupations	7,658	7,425	344	368	4.3	4.7
Transportation and material moving occupations	12,217	11,910	697	699	5.4	5.5
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,524	7,324	3.9	4.3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,968	5,587	3.7	4.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	12	33	2.0	6.8
Construction	403	404	3.7	3.8
Manufacturing	481	571	3.2	3.7
Durable goods	278	361	2.9	3.6
Nondurable goods	204	210	3.9	4.0
Wholesale and retail trade	848	928	4.4	4.8
Transportation and utilities	373	340	4.6	3.9
Information	98	177	3.8	7.0
Financial activities	238	244	2.4	2.3
Professional and business services	746	803	3.7	3.9
Education and health services	816	888	3.1	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	761	939	5.6	6.7
Other services	192	257	2.8	3.7
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	135	111	7.9	7.0
Government workers	434	547	1.9	2.4
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	356	272	3.4	2.7
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	Sept. 2024	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Aug. 2025	Sept. 2025
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.8
U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.7	2.1	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.1
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.9	4.5	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.4
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.1	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.7
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	4.8	5.5	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.4
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	7.3	8.2	7.7	7.7	7.8	7.7	7.9	8.1	8.0
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025	Sept. 2024	Sept. 2025
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	100,511	103,009	41,978	43,144	58,533	59,864
People who currently want a job	5,591	5,792	2,480	2,688	3,110	3,104
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,676	1,807	830	980	845	827
Discouraged workers(2)	432	537	218	331	214	207
Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,244	1,269	612	649	631	620

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,648	8,794	4,067	4,221	4,581	4,574
Percent of total employed	5.3	5.4	4.7	4.9	6.0	5.9
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,817	5,209	2,430	2,756	2,386	2,452
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,307	2,141	834	767	1,473	1,374
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	359	438	201	226	157	212
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,110	945	574	441	537	504
Footnotes (1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)	Change from: Aug.2025 - Sept.2025(p)
Total nonfarm	158,527	159,219	159,415	159,732	158,314	159,511	159,507	159,626	119
Total private	135,037	136,835	136,703	136,123	134,852	135,913	135,931	136,028	97
Goods-producing	21,854	21,928	21,889	21,779	21,691	21,643	21,611	21,621	10

Mining and logging	629	622	621	615	624	616	613	610	-3
Logging	40.0	38.4	38.4	37.5	38.9	37.5	37.3	36.7	-0.6
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	589.0	583.2	582.5	577.0	585.1	578.1	575.6	573.6	-2.0
Oil and gas extraction	122.5	122.2	120.2	119.1	122.5	121.1	119.1	119.2	0.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	193.9	194.7	194.2	193.1	191.7	191.2	191.2	191.1	-0.1
Coal mining	42.3	40.9	40.8	40.5	42.3	40.6	40.7	40.4	-0.3
Metal ore mining	45.1	44.4	44.5	44.3	45.1	44.2	44.2	44.3	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	106.5	109.4	108.9	108.3	104.3	106.4	106.3	106.4	0.1
Support activities for mining	272.6	266.3	268.1	264.8	270.9	265.8	265.3	263.3	-2.0

Construction	8,410	8,512	8,494	8,443	8,267	8,300	8,286	8,305	19
Construction of buildings	1,877.1	1,913.3	1,900.4	1,881.2	1,865.2	1,874.6	1,866.2	1,870.4	4.2
Residential building construction	955.6	970.4	966.4	959.8	949.7	953.6	950.2	954.1	3.9
Nonresidential building construction	921.5	942.9	934.0	921.4	915.5	921.0	916.0	916.3	0.3
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,212.6	1,226.2	1,233.0	1,235.4	1,163.8	1,178.9	1,182.8	1,187.7	4.9
Specialty trade contractors	5,319.9	5,372.7	5,360.2	5,326.6	5,237.6	5,246.4	5,236.8	5,247.1	10.3
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,449.2	2,440.6	2,425.5	2,399.6	2,417.6	2,376.5	2,369.1	2,368.3	-0.8
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,870.7	2,932.1	2,934.7	2,927.0	2,820.0	2,869.9	2,867.7	2,878.8	11.1

Manufacturing	12,815	12,794	12,774	12,721	12,800	12,727	12,712	12,706	-6

Durable goods	7,943	7,921	7,897	7,865	7,944	7,890	7,869	7,865	-4
Wood product manufacturing	417.1	415.6	413.3	411.8	416.4	412.4	412.1	411.5	-0.6
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	427.0	434.7	433.1	434.6	424.1	430.3	430.1	431.6	1.5
Primary metal manufacturing	372.3	377.7	375.9	374.3	372.3	376.0	374.5	374.6	0.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,435.8	1,443.1	1,440.5	1,434.4	1,438.0	1,436.8	1,437.4	1,436.9	-0.5
Machinery manufacturing	1,112.7	1,111.8	1,103.9	1,101.4	1,115.4	1,105.5	1,103.1	1,104.4	1.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,024.7	1,011.8	1,006.4	999.5	1,025.9	1,003.3	1,001.5	999.8	-1.7
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	110.0	110.1	110.4	109.6	110.3	109.5	109.9	109.7	-0.2
Communications equipment manufacturing	82.0	82.9	82.9	83.3	82.1	82.2	82.7	83.4	0.7
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	391.9	377.4	372.8	367.9	392.3	373.0	370.5	368.0	-2.5
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	411.0	412.8	411.3	410.0	411.7	410.3	410.0	410.5	0.5
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	29.8	28.6	29.0	28.7	29.5	28.2	28.4	28.3	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	409.1	407.7	405.9	406.3	409.2	405.8	405.9	406.4	0.5
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,796.6	1,762.7	1,764.3	1,758.4	1,791.5	1,769.7	1,755.2	1,752.8	-2.4
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,017.7	990.8	994.7	993.8	1,014.3	1,000.9	992.3	991.1	-1.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	338.7	343.1	341.7	337.0	340.3	340.5	339.2	338.2	-1.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	609.2	612.7	612.3	606.9	611.1	609.2	610.1	609.0	-1.1

Nondurable goods	4,872	4,873	4,877	4,856	4,856	4,837	4,843	4,841	-2
Food manufacturing	1,787.1	1,784.6	1,789.1	1,782.6	1,776.1	1,772.5	1,772.7	1,771.2	-1.5
Textile mills	86.7	84.5	84.8	85.7	86.5	84.2	84.6	85.4	0.8
Textile product mills	98.9	96.1	97.7	97.2	99.3	96.2	97.5	97.7	0.2
Apparel manufacturing	83.7	82.2	82.5	82.4	83.9	82.2	82.4	82.5	0.1
Paper manufacturing	354.4	356.3	356.1	353.5	354.7	355.4	356.3	354.1	-2.2
Printing and related support activities	354.4	348.9	348.0	346.8	354.8	348.5	347.6	347.5	-0.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	110.3	109.2	108.9	108.4	109.2	106.9	106.7	107.0	0.3
Chemical manufacturing	896.7	910.2	908.1	904.3	898.3	904.0	905.2	906.1	0.9
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	720.4	717.4	720.3	712.3	722.9	715.0	718.5	715.0	-3.5
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	379.1	383.3	381.6	382.4	369.9	371.7	371.4	374.7	3.3

Private service-providing	113,183	114,907	114,814	114,344	113,161	114,270	114,320	114,407	87

Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,834	28,988	28,945	28,926	28,943	29,071	29,068	29,066	-2

Wholesale trade	6,149.9	6,193.8	6,169.5	6,157.5	6,154.5	6,163.1	6,155.3	6,164.7	9.4
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,444.3	3,471.6	3,459.2	3,452.4	3,449.9	3,457.1	3,452.0	3,457.8	5.8
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,211.5	2,237.5	2,224.1	2,222.0	2,211.0	2,222.6	2,218.8	2,224.1	5.3
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	494.1	484.7	486.2	483.1	493.6	483.4	484.5	482.8	-1.7

Retail trade	15,410.9	15,581.4	15,543.8	15,478.0	15,523.2	15,576.4	15,579.6	15,593.5	13.9
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,055.1	2,063.1	2,061.9	2,058.9	2,050.8	2,053.7	2,055.1	2,055.9	0.8
Automobile dealers	1,290.8	1,300.0	1,298.9	1,298.2	1,289.8	1,298.7	1,298.9	1,298.1	-0.8
Other motor vehicle dealers	168.8	166.1	164.4	160.9	166.5	157.9	159.0	158.8	-0.2
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	595.5	597.0	598.6	599.8	594.5	597.2	597.2	599.0	1.8
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,380.3	1,405.8	1,371.0	1,345.0	1,397.3	1,375.1	1,367.9	1,363.2	-4.7
Food and beverage retailers	3,203.6	3,255.4	3,247.2	3,228.5	3,225.8	3,243.8	3,247.0	3,250.1	3.1
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	798.5	777.6	777.1	784.3	807.1	792.9	790.7	791.2	0.5
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	404.0	397.6	395.8	399.0	408.0	405.4	403.6	403.4	-0.2
Electronics and appliance retailers	394.5	380.0	381.3	385.3	399.1	387.5	387.1	387.8	0.7
General merchandise retailers	3,244.0	3,279.0	3,286.6	3,290.5	3,272.4	3,308.3	3,317.4	3,320.3	2.9
Department stores	998.6	979.7	980.9	982.8	1,016.7	1,003.0	1,003.6	1,002.8	-0.8
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,245.4	2,299.3	2,305.7	2,307.7	2,255.7	2,305.3	2,313.8	2,317.6	3.8
Health and personal care retailers	1,074.9	1,079.2	1,072.4	1,079.2	1,086.2	1,093.1	1,089.1	1,091.1	2.0
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,055.9	1,075.4	1,066.2	1,065.6	1,054.6	1,063.0	1,057.7	1,063.8	6.1
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,099.9	1,124.1	1,138.7	1,115.5	1,125.7	1,134.9	1,140.6	1,143.7	3.1
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,498.7	1,521.8	1,522.7	1,510.5	1,503.3	1,511.6	1,514.1	1,514.2	0.1

Transportation and warehousing	6,680.0	6,609.3	6,633.3	6,694.2	6,670.1	6,732.7	6,735.2	6,709.9	-25.3
Air transportation	565.6	584.8	581.3	577.2	564.9	579.8	578.5	577.6	-0.9
Rail transportation	154.9	152.3	151.7	151.7	154.9	152.6	152.1	151.9	-0.2
Water transportation	71.5	75.3	76.3	73.5	70.0	71.8	72.5	72.0	-0.5
Truck transportation	1,532.0	1,540.8	1,545.7	1,532.0	1,515.8	1,523.4	1,523.5	1,516.7	-6.8
Transit and ground passenger transportation	496.7	421.5	422.0	501.9	481.7	484.3	484.8	487.5	2.7
Pipeline transportation	55.9	61.0	61.3	60.7	56.0	60.7	61.2	60.8	-0.4
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	35.3	47.1	48.3	42.2	30.6	36.7	37.8	36.9	-0.9
Support activities for transportation	840.3	850.6	847.6	844.1	841.7	849.3	847.6	846.7	-0.9
Couriers and messengers	1,074.8	1,074.7	1,088.1	1,095.5	1,103.7	1,150.5	1,154.2	1,147.5	-6.7
Warehousing and storage	1,853.0	1,801.2	1,811.0	1,815.4	1,850.8	1,823.6	1,823.0	1,812.3	-10.7

Utilities	593.6	603.4	598.5	596.0	595.0	598.9	597.8	597.6	-0.2

Information	2,928	2,955	2,948	2,921	2,929	2,932	2,925	2,925	0
Motion picture and sound recording industries	394.5	422.1	412.6	391.1	398.3	408.5	400.3	398.9	-1.4
Publishing industries	916.0	926.4	927.7	931.9	912.4	921.8	923.4	927.1	3.7
Broadcasting and content providers	338.9	334.4	333.0	335.4	339.6	334.6	333.8	334.7	0.9
Telecommunications	614.9	600.1	601.9	595.6	616.0	599.2	599.4	597.1	-2.3
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	481.5	486.8	483.3	479.8	479.4	483.5	480.8	479.7	-1.1
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	182.5	185.0	189.7	187.0	183.1	184.2	187.5	187.3	-0.2

Financial activities	9,180	9,319	9,282	9,234	9,175	9,245	9,230	9,235	5
Finance and insurance	6,701.6	6,785.2	6,757.5	6,730.9	6,707.4	6,750.7	6,738.0	6,740.4	2.4
Monetary authorities-central bank	21.0	21.2	21.1	20.9	21.0	20.9	20.9	20.9	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,552.3	2,569.5	2,560.9	2,551.8	2,557.6	2,559.9	2,557.7	2,557.7	0.0
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,776.0	1,786.4	1,782.9	1,776.8	1,782.4	1,778.7	1,779.5	1,782.1	2.6
Commercial banking	1,369.5	1,368.4	1,364.9	1,359.7	1,374.5	1,362.4	1,362.3	1,363.6	1.3
Nondepository credit intermediation	504.1	506.3	502.5	499.7	503.4	504.1	501.8	500.3	-1.5
Activities related to credit intermediation	272.2	276.8	275.5	275.3	271.8	277.0	276.4	275.4	-1.0
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,119.6	1,164.1	1,158.9	1,150.3	1,120.3	1,148.6	1,149.1	1,152.2	3.1
Insurance carriers and related activities	3,008.7	3,030.4	3,016.6	3,007.9	3,008.5	3,021.3	3,010.3	3,009.6	-0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,478.4	2,533.3	2,524.6	2,503.5	2,467.3	2,494.1	2,491.9	2,494.8	2.9
Real estate	1,871.2	1,897.1	1,891.9	1,875.7	1,869.9	1,876.5	1,875.8	1,875.7	-0.1
Rental and leasing services	584.4	612.9	609.5	604.7	574.6	594.5	593.1	595.9	2.8
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.8	23.3	23.2	23.1	22.8	23.1	23.0	23.2	0.2

Professional and business services	22,664	22,660	22,656	22,578	22,575	22,550	22,533	22,513	-20
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,748.7	10,916.8	10,869.8	10,775.7	10,835.3	10,862.2	10,861.8	10,859.0	-2.8
Legal services	1,180.2	1,213.8	1,197.2	1,194.4	1,190.0	1,202.1	1,202.5	1,203.6	1.1
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,104.7	1,126.2	1,120.3	1,114.7	1,157.5	1,155.2	1,157.0	1,158.3	1.3
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,709.0	1,786.2	1,778.2	1,753.4	1,705.6	1,753.9	1,752.3	1,754.6	2.3
Specialized design services	149.9	150.8	151.3	149.6	150.2	150.3	150.7	149.7	-1.0
Computer systems design and related services	2,429.3	2,432.1	2,429.0	2,392.1	2,447.8	2,418.7	2,417.2	2,410.6	-6.6
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,857.6	1,882.1	1,878.5	1,875.2	1,864.2	1,877.7	1,879.6	1,882.6	3.0
Scientific research and development services	936.0	941.9	931.0	919.9	937.8	928.6	925.0	922.4	-2.6
Advertising, public relations, and related services	496.4	497.6	496.4	493.3	497.7	494.9	495.4	494.6	-0.8
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	885.6	886.1	887.9	883.1	884.6	880.8	882.1	882.5	0.4
Management of companies and enterprises	2,614.0	2,652.9	2,640.6	2,628.8	2,619.8	2,632.1	2,632.6	2,633.8	1.2
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,301.3	9,090.4	9,145.6	9,173.5	9,119.9	9,055.8	9,039.0	9,019.9	-19.1
Administrative and support services	8,784.9	8,562.8	8,618.3	8,650.3	8,606.3	8,534.0	8,517.0	8,498.4	-18.6
Office administrative services	619.7	625.2	622.9	618.3	617.6	621.7	620.7	618.0	-2.7
Facilities support services	185.0	185.3	187.9	187.2	183.6	184.7	185.2	186.1	0.9
Employment services(1)	3,359.7	3,112.4	3,178.4	3,244.4	3,266.2	3,207.1	3,194.4	3,176.6	-17.8
Temporary help services	2,634.6	2,413.9	2,473.9	2,535.3	2,555.5	2,504.0	2,493.9	2,478.0	-15.9
Business support services	682.8	640.6	635.6	641.4	682.7	648.1	642.1	640.5	-1.6
Travel arrangement and reservation services	189.7	196.9	195.8	194.5	188.7	195.3	193.8	194.3	0.5
Investigation and security services	1,031.9	1,034.0	1,040.2	1,047.4	1,028.6	1,035.5	1,037.8	1,042.0	4.2
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,377.4	2,427.7	2,423.5	2,380.2	2,305.9	2,305.3	2,311.4	2,309.2	-2.2
Other support services	338.7	340.7	334.0	336.9	332.8	336.3	331.6	331.7	0.1
Waste management and remediation services	516.4	527.6	527.3	523.2	513.6	521.8	522.0	521.5	-0.5

Private education and health services	26,643	27,100	27,189	27,455	26,688	27,409	27,452	27,511	59
Private educational services	3,972.3	3,709.2	3,743.2	3,989.6	3,987.2	4,002.1	4,005.7	4,007.5	1.8
Health care and social assistance	22,670.2	23,390.7	23,445.8	23,465.7	22,700.8	23,406.4	23,446.6	23,503.7	57.1
Health care(3)	17,764.7	18,194.2	18,227.1	18,242.6	17,774.8	18,192.6	18,219.4	18,262.2	42.8
Ambulatory health care services	8,834.8	8,989.9	9,009.2	9,018.7	8,853.5	9,006.3	9,017.3	9,040.6	23.3
Offices of physicians	2,978.7	3,056.6	3,065.4	3,067.5	2,990.3	3,060.8	3,069.4	3,078.0	8.6
Offices of dentists	1,045.7	1,059.1	1,057.1	1,046.0	1,050.2	1,055.4	1,052.5	1,050.7	-1.8
Offices of other health practitioners	1,240.0	1,275.6	1,279.5	1,279.0	1,242.4	1,280.3	1,281.0	1,284.7	3.7
Outpatient care centers	1,122.5	1,122.0	1,118.2	1,123.1	1,125.2	1,123.0	1,119.3	1,124.3	5.0
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	304.0	309.0	311.7	311.6	305.0	310.0	311.5	311.5	0.0
Home health care services	1,782.8	1,803.9	1,814.3	1,826.7	1,779.2	1,812.3	1,820.3	1,827.5	7.2
Other ambulatory health care services	361.1	363.7	363.0	364.8	361.2	364.5	363.3	363.8	0.5
Hospitals	5,596.1	5,759.7	5,762.9	5,782.3	5,589.2	5,754.3	5,761.7	5,778.1	16.4
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,333.8	3,444.6	3,455.0	3,441.6	3,332.1	3,432.0	3,440.4	3,443.5	3.1
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,502.0	1,555.9	1,563.5	1,557.9	1,497.7	1,549.3	1,554.6	1,554.8	0.2
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	671.5	701.0	703.2	701.1	671.9	698.3	701.1	702.7	1.6
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	992.1	1,012.5	1,013.3	1,007.5	994.7	1,010.0	1,009.9	1,011.0	1.1
Other residential care facilities	168.2	175.2	175.0	175.1	167.7	174.4	174.8	175.0	0.2
Social assistance	4,905.5	5,196.5	5,218.7	5,223.1	4,926.0	5,213.8	5,227.2	5,241.5	14.3
Individual and family services	3,294.9	3,595.7	3,604.3	3,605.1	3,308.3	3,582.8	3,597.0	3,616.6	19.6
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	234.0	240.5	238.3	237.4	235.6	239.9	239.3	239.4	0.1
Vocational rehabilitation services	284.7	289.9	285.6	281.1	285.4	285.6	284.4	282.2	-2.2
Child care services	1,091.9	1,070.4	1,090.5	1,099.5	1,096.8	1,105.5	1,106.4	1,103.3	-3.1

Leisure and hospitality	16,966	17,771	17,689	17,193	16,869	17,025	17,057	17,104	47
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,669.9	3,051.0	2,980.7	2,764.8	2,633.5	2,710.6	2,720.9	2,733.6	12.7
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	618.2	667.7	661.6	672.5	597.8	642.5	643.6	652.3	8.7
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	180.4	197.5	193.1	185.8	178.3	182.5	183.3	184.2	0.9
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,871.3	2,185.8	2,126.0	1,906.5	1,857.4	1,885.6	1,894.0	1,897.1	3.1
Accommodation and food services	14,296.0	14,719.6	14,708.7	14,428.4	14,235.1	14,314.6	14,336.3	14,370.5	34.2
Accommodation	1,972.7	2,088.6	2,068.7	1,971.2	1,942.7	1,943.5	1,944.2	1,941.9	-2.3
Food services and drinking places	12,323.3	12,631.0	12,640.0	12,457.2	12,292.4	12,371.1	12,392.1	12,428.6	36.5

Other services	5,968	6,114	6,105	6,037	5,982	6,038	6,055	6,053	-2
Repair and maintenance	1,461.9	1,489.7	1,497.3	1,487.4	1,465.4	1,481.4	1,492.5	1,490.7	-1.8
Personal and laundry services	1,599.1	1,633.5	1,640.3	1,628.8	1,599.5	1,622.9	1,630.8	1,629.5	-1.3
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,906.8	2,990.3	2,967.8	2,920.6	2,917.1	2,933.3	2,931.6	2,932.3	0.7

Government	23,490	22,384	22,712	23,609	23,462	23,598	23,576	23,598	22
Federal	3,009	2,939	2,916	2,915	3,008	2,935	2,921	2,918	-3
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,407.0	2,339.9	2,327.9	2,325.4	2,401.1	2,338.7	2,327.9	2,325.2	-2.7
U.S. Postal Service	602.0	599.0	588.1	589.3	607.2	596.3	592.9	593.2	0.3
State government	5,548	5,155	5,214	5,569	5,468	5,505	5,483	5,499	16
State government education	2,681.2	2,243.6	2,309.0	2,671.5	2,606.0	2,610.6	2,593.6	2,604.6	11.0
State government, excluding education	2,867.1	2,911.6	2,905.3	2,897.3	2,862.1	2,894.3	2,889.4	2,894.2	4.8
Local government	14,933	14,290	14,582	15,125	14,986	15,158	15,172	15,181	9
Local government education	8,129.4	7,130.8	7,497.9	8,230.1	8,167.6	8,244.2	8,259.6	8,264.8	5.2
Local government, excluding education	6,803.2	7,159.6	7,083.7	6,894.9	6,818.6	6,913.3	6,912.3	6,915.8	3.5
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.2	34.3	34.2	34.2
Goods-producing	39.8	39.9	39.8	39.7
Mining and logging	44.5	45.0	45.4	45.4
Construction	39.2	39.0	39.0	39.0
Manufacturing	40.0	40.2	40.0	39.9
Durable goods	40.5	40.6	40.4	40.4
Nondurable goods	39.2	39.5	39.3	39.2
Private service-providing	33.2	33.2	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.8	34.1	34.1	34.1
Wholesale trade	39.2	39.1	39.2	39.3
Retail trade	29.6	29.9	30.0	29.9
Transportation and warehousing	37.9	38.4	38.2	38.2
Utilities	42.6	41.9	42.2	41.9
Information	36.7	36.9	37.1	37.5
Financial activities	37.6	37.6	37.6	37.6
Professional and business services	36.3	36.4	36.5	36.5
Private education and health services	33.0	32.8	32.7	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	25.5	25.5	25.5	25.5
Other services	32.2	31.9	31.9	31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9
Durable goods	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9
Nondurable goods	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)
Total private	$35.33	$36.43	$36.58	$36.67	$1,208.29	$1,249.55	$1,251.04	$1,254.11
Goods-producing	36.06	37.23	37.37	37.50	1,435.19	1,485.48	1,487.33	1,488.75
Mining and logging	39.91	40.39	40.48	40.42	1,776.00	1,817.55	1,837.79	1,835.07
Construction	38.59	39.72	39.96	40.07	1,512.73	1,549.08	1,558.44	1,562.73
Manufacturing	34.26	35.48	35.55	35.69	1,370.40	1,426.30	1,422.00	1,424.03
Durable goods	36.27	37.70	37.78	37.94	1,468.94	1,530.62	1,526.31	1,532.78
Nondurable goods	30.86	31.76	31.84	31.94	1,209.71	1,254.52	1,251.31	1,252.05
Private service-providing	35.17	36.25	36.41	36.49	1,167.64	1,203.50	1,208.81	1,211.47
Trade, transportation, and utilities	30.14	31.01	31.13	31.24	1,018.73	1,057.44	1,061.53	1,065.28
Wholesale trade	37.74	38.91	39.05	39.26	1,479.41	1,521.38	1,530.76	1,542.92
Retail trade	24.59	25.52	25.59	25.61	727.86	763.05	767.70	765.74
Transportation and warehousing	30.81	31.50	31.63	31.75	1,167.70	1,209.60	1,208.27	1,212.85
Utilities	51.61	52.15	52.74	53.11	2,198.59	2,185.09	2,225.63	2,225.31
Information	50.40	52.50	52.85	53.01	1,849.68	1,937.25	1,960.74	1,987.88
Financial activities	45.88	47.59	47.75	47.94	1,725.09	1,789.38	1,795.40	1,802.54
Professional and business services	42.70	44.40	44.62	44.75	1,550.01	1,616.16	1,628.63	1,633.38
Private education and health services	34.69	35.46	35.62	35.55	1,144.77	1,163.09	1,164.77	1,162.49
Leisure and hospitality	22.20	22.86	22.95	23.03	566.10	582.93	585.23	587.27
Other services	32.10	32.74	32.89	33.00	1,033.62	1,044.41	1,049.19	1,052.70
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2025 - Sept. 2025(p)	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2025 - Sept. 2025(p)
Total private	115.8	117.0	116.7	116.8	0.1	195.6	203.8	204.1	204.7	0.3
Goods-producing	98.4	98.4	98.0	97.8	-0.2	160.4	165.6	165.6	165.8	0.1
Mining and logging	87.3	87.1	87.4	87.0	-0.5	139.8	141.3	142.1	141.2	-0.6
Construction	111.7	111.6	111.4	111.7	0.3	187.3	192.6	193.4	194.4	0.5
Manufacturing	92.2	92.1	91.5	91.2	-0.3	146.8	152.0	151.3	151.5	0.1
Durable goods	90.6	90.2	89.5	89.5	0.0	146.0	151.1	150.3	150.8	0.3
Nondurable goods	95.0	95.4	95.0	94.7	-0.3	148.8	153.7	153.5	153.5	0.0
Private service-providing	120.9	122.1	122.2	122.3	0.1	206.7	215.2	216.2	216.9	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.9	108.3	108.3	108.3	0.0	173.7	181.1	181.8	182.4	0.3
Wholesale trade	106.4	106.3	106.4	106.9	0.5	168.0	173.0	173.9	175.5	0.9
Retail trade	93.5	94.8	95.1	94.9	-0.2	152.1	160.0	161.0	160.7	-0.2
Transportation and warehousing	145.3	148.6	147.8	147.3	-0.3	227.7	238.1	237.9	237.9	0.0
Utilities	109.7	108.6	109.2	108.4	-0.7	187.0	187.1	190.2	190.1	-0.1
Information	98.2	98.8	99.1	100.2	1.1	176.2	184.7	186.5	189.1	1.4
Financial activities	113.0	113.9	113.7	113.7	0.0	202.2	211.4	211.7	212.7	0.5
Professional and business services	128.2	128.4	128.6	128.5	-0.1	221.6	230.8	232.5	232.9	0.2
Private education and health services	143.8	146.8	146.6	146.9	0.2	240.1	250.5	251.2	251.3	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	122.7	123.9	124.1	124.4	0.2	219.8	228.5	229.8	231.2	0.6
Other services	111.1	111.1	111.4	111.3	-0.1	195.4	199.3	200.8	201.4	0.3
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
Industry	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)
Total nonfarm	79,000	79,602	79,659	79,680	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private	65,291	65,792	65,856	65,861	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,967	4,934	4,930	4,925	22.9	22.8	22.8	22.8
Mining and logging	87	85	85	85	13.9	13.8	13.9	13.9
Construction	1,176	1,198	1,199	1,198	14.2	14.4	14.5	14.4
Manufacturing	3,704	3,651	3,646	3,642	28.9	28.7	28.7	28.7
Durable goods	1,951	1,919	1,913	1,907	24.6	24.3	24.3	24.2
Nondurable goods	1,753	1,732	1,733	1,735	36.1	35.8	35.8	35.8
Private service-providing	60,324	60,858	60,926	60,936	53.3	53.3	53.3	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,248	11,262	11,281	11,277	38.9	38.7	38.8	38.8
Wholesale trade	1,876.9	1,877.0	1,878.1	1,877.6	30.5	30.5	30.5	30.5
Retail trade	7,460.6	7,468.2	7,485.2	7,488.6	48.1	47.9	48.0	48.0
Transportation and warehousing	1,754.8	1,762.1	1,763.2	1,755.9	26.3	26.2	26.2	26.2
Utilities	155.6	154.6	154.3	154.9	26.2	25.8	25.8	25.9
Information	1,169	1,176	1,168	1,170	39.9	40.1	39.9	40.0
Financial activities	5,091	5,069	5,062	5,062	55.5	54.8	54.8	54.8
Professional and business services	10,333	10,205	10,181	10,147	45.8	45.3	45.2	45.1
Private education and health services	20,480	20,994	21,040	21,079	76.7	76.6	76.6	76.6
Leisure and hospitality	8,796	8,892	8,927	8,933	52.1	52.2	52.3	52.2
Other services	3,207	3,260	3,267	3,268	53.6	54.0	54.0	54.0
Government	13,709	13,810	13,803	13,819	58.4	58.5	58.5	58.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]
Industry	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)
Total private	109,815	110,736	110,811	110,896
Goods-producing	15,447	15,350	15,321	15,353
Mining and logging	480	457	454	453
Construction	6,024	6,031	6,011	6,031
Manufacturing	8,943	8,862	8,856	8,869
Durable goods	5,404	5,347	5,335	5,342
Nondurable goods	3,539	3,515	3,521	3,527
Private service-providing	94,368	95,386	95,490	95,543
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,508	24,663	24,683	24,673
Wholesale trade	4,869.9	4,886.4	4,876.5	4,883.3
Retail trade	13,328.0	13,396.3	13,413.4	13,427.1
Transportation and warehousing	5,837.2	5,906.2	5,918.6	5,888.6
Utilities	472.4	473.7	474.2	473.8
Information	2,350	2,339	2,332	2,336
Financial activities	6,930	7,004	6,996	7,011
Professional and business services	17,738	17,671	17,669	17,645
Private education and health services	23,312	24,013	24,071	24,137
Leisure and hospitality	14,680	14,798	14,822	14,832
Other services	4,850	4,898	4,917	4,909
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.7	33.6	33.7
Goods-producing	40.6	40.7	40.7	40.7
Mining and logging	46.8	44.9	45.3	45.4
Construction	40.0	39.9	39.8	40.0
Manufacturing	40.7	41.1	41.0	41.0
Durable goods	41.0	41.3	41.1	41.2
Nondurable goods	40.2	40.7	40.8	40.8
Private service-providing	32.6	32.5	32.5	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.1	34.2	34.3	34.3
Wholesale trade	39.0	39.2	39.2	39.3
Retail trade	30.4	30.4	30.5	30.6
Transportation and warehousing	37.6	38.1	38.1	38.0
Utilities	42.8	42.6	42.4	42.4
Information	35.6	35.7	35.9	36.1
Financial activities	37.2	37.4	37.3	37.4
Professional and business services	36.3	36.4	36.4	36.5
Private education and health services	32.1	31.7	31.6	31.6
Leisure and hospitality	24.1	24.1	24.1	24.0
Other services	31.2	31.1	31.2	31.1

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.8
Durable goods	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.7
Nondurable goods	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.9
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)
Total private	$30.38	$31.35	$31.45	$31.53	$1,023.81	$1,056.50	$1,056.72	$1,062.56
Goods-producing	31.45	32.54	32.60	32.74	1,276.87	1,324.38	1,326.82	1,332.52
Mining and logging	36.43	37.38	37.36	37.25	1,704.92	1,678.36	1,692.41	1,691.15
Construction	36.18	37.28	37.50	37.64	1,447.20	1,487.47	1,492.50	1,505.60
Manufacturing	28.01	29.13	29.10	29.23	1,140.01	1,197.24	1,193.10	1,198.43
Durable goods	29.52	30.83	30.84	31.00	1,210.32	1,273.28	1,267.52	1,277.20
Nondurable goods	25.66	26.49	26.46	26.52	1,031.53	1,078.14	1,079.57	1,082.02
Private service-providing	30.16	31.11	31.22	31.29	983.22	1,011.08	1,014.65	1,016.93
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26.08	26.91	27.00	27.05	889.33	920.32	926.10	927.82
Wholesale trade	31.26	32.45	32.62	32.73	1,219.14	1,272.04	1,278.70	1,286.29
Retail trade	20.96	21.62	21.67	21.72	637.18	657.25	660.94	664.63
Transportation and warehousing	29.29	30.05	30.17	30.22	1,101.30	1,144.91	1,149.48	1,148.36
Utilities	45.30	45.93	46.33	46.56	1,938.84	1,956.62	1,964.39	1,974.14
Information	40.78	43.14	43.45	43.68	1,451.77	1,540.10	1,559.86	1,576.85
Financial activities	36.13	37.45	37.63	37.70	1,344.04	1,400.63	1,403.60	1,409.98
Professional and business services	36.06	37.17	37.38	37.44	1,308.98	1,352.99	1,360.63	1,366.56
Private education and health services	31.81	32.76	32.84	32.84	1,021.10	1,038.49	1,037.74	1,037.74
Leisure and hospitality	19.63	20.22	20.30	20.39	473.08	487.30	489.23	489.36
Other services	27.88	28.52	28.58	28.65	869.86	886.97	891.70	891.02
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Industry	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2025 - Sept. 2025(p)	Sept. 2024	July 2025	Aug. 2025(p)	Sept. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2025 - Sept. 2025(p)
Total private	123.3	124.4	124.1	124.5	0.3	250.4	260.6	260.8	262.4	0.6
Goods-producing	95.8	95.5	95.3	95.5	0.2	184.6	190.2	190.2	191.4	0.6
Mining and logging	119.4	109.0	109.3	109.3	0.0	252.9	237.0	237.5	236.8	-0.3
Construction	120.6	120.5	119.8	120.8	0.8	235.7	242.5	242.6	245.5	1.2
Manufacturing	83.6	83.6	83.4	83.5	0.1	153.1	159.3	158.6	159.6	0.6
Durable goods	83.2	83.0	82.4	82.7	0.4	153.4	159.7	158.6	160.0	0.9
Nondurable goods	83.8	84.3	84.6	84.8	0.2	152.0	157.8	158.3	158.9	0.4
Private service-providing	131.1	132.1	132.2	132.3	0.1	271.2	281.8	283.2	283.9	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	117.0	118.1	118.5	118.5	0.0	218.0	227.1	228.7	229.0	0.1
Wholesale trade	112.7	113.7	113.5	113.9	0.4	208.0	217.7	218.4	220.0	0.7
Retail trade	102.7	103.3	103.7	104.2	0.5	184.6	191.4	192.7	194.0	0.7
Transportation and warehousing	166.1	170.3	170.7	169.3	-0.8	309.7	325.7	327.7	325.7	-0.6
Utilities	103.4	103.2	102.8	102.7	-0.1	195.5	197.8	198.8	199.6	0.4
Information	95.5	95.3	95.6	96.3	0.7	192.8	203.6	205.5	208.1	1.3
Financial activities	121.3	123.3	122.8	123.4	0.5	269.7	284.1	284.3	286.2	0.7
Professional and business services	143.7	143.6	143.6	143.8	0.1	308.3	317.5	319.2	320.2	0.3
Private education and health services	159.6	162.3	162.2	162.6	0.2	335.0	350.9	351.5	352.5	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	129.6	130.6	130.8	130.4	-0.3	288.9	300.0	301.6	301.9	0.1
Other services	106.1	106.8	107.6	107.1	-0.5	215.6	222.0	224.0	223.5	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Last Modified Date: November 20, 2025