Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-1774
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release
http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, December 5, 2008.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: NOVEMBER 2008
Nonfarm payroll employment fell sharply (-533,000) in November, and
the unemployment rate rose from 6.5 to 6.7 percent, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. November's
drop in payroll employment followed declines of 403,000 in September and
320,000 in October, as revised. Job losses were large and widespread
across the major industry sectors in November.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons (10.3 million) and the unemploy-
ment rate (6.7 percent) continued to increase in November. Since the start
of the recession in December 2007, as recently announced by the National
Bureau of Economic Research, the number of unemployed persons increased by
2.7 million, and the unemployment rate rose by 1.7 percentage points. (See
table A-1.)
The unemployment rates for adult men (6.5 percent) and adult women (5.5
percent) continued to trend up in November. The unemployment rates for
teenagers (20.4 percent), whites (6.1 percent), blacks (11.2 percent), and
Hispanics (8.6 percent) showed little change over the month. The jobless
rate for Asians was 4.8 percent in November, not seasonally adjusted. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of persons who lost their job and did not
expect to be recalled to work increased by 298,000 to 4.7 million in November.
Over the past 12 months, the size of this group has increased by 2.0 million.
(See table A-8.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was
little changed at 2.2 million in November, but was up by 822,000 over the past
12 months. (See table A-9.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
In November, the labor force participation rate declined by 0.3 percentage
point to 65.8 percent. Total employment continued to decline, and the employ-
ment-population ratio fell to 61.4 percent. (See table A-1.)
Over the month, the number of persons who worked part time for economic
reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) continued
to increase, reaching 7.3 million. The number of such workers rose by 2.8
million over the past 12 months. This category includes persons who would
like to work full time but were working part time because their hours had
been cut back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See
table A-5.)
- 2 -
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
_______________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data | Oct.-
Category |_________________|__________________________| Nov.
| | | | | | change
| II | III | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. |
| 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 |
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Civilian labor force ....| 154,294| 154,730| 154,732| 155,038| 154,616| -422
Employment ............| 146,089| 145,517| 145,255| 144,958| 144,285| -673
Unemployment ..........| 8,204| 9,213| 9,477| 10,080| 10,331| 251
Not in labor force ......| 79,117| 79,381| 79,628| 79,575| 80,212| 637
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Unemployment rates
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
All workers .............| 5.3| 6.0| 6.1| 6.5| 6.7| 0.2
Adult men .............| 4.9| 5.7| 6.1| 6.3| 6.5| .2
Adult women ...........| 4.6| 4.9| 4.9| 5.3| 5.5| .2
Teenagers .............| 17.4| 19.5| 19.1| 20.6| 20.4| -.2
White .................| 4.7| 5.3| 5.4| 5.9| 6.1| .2
Black or African | | | | | |
American ............| 9.1| 10.6| 11.4| 11.1| 11.2| .1
Hispanic or Latino | | | | | |
ethnicity ...........| 7.2| 7.7| 7.8| 8.8| 8.6| -.2
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Nonfarm employment.......| 137,699| 137,331| 137,020|p136,700|p136,167| p-533
Goods-producing (1)....| 21,565| 21,351| 21,250| p21,083| p20,920| p-163
Construction ........| 7,242| 7,141| 7,098| p7,034| p6,952| p-82
Manufacturing .......| 13,563| 13,423| 13,357| p13,253| p13,168| p-85
Service-providing (1)..| 116,134| 115,980| 115,770|p115,617|p115,247| p-370
Retail trade (2)...| 15,337| 15,259| 15,199| p15,137| p15,046| p-91
Professional and | | | | | |
business services .| 17,980| 17,849| 17,789| p17,726| p17,590| p-136
Education and health | | | | | |
services ..........| 18,823| 18,975| 18,993| p19,021| p19,073| p52
Leisure and | | | | | |
hospitality .......| 13,683| 13,627| 13,587| p13,562| p13,486| p-76
Government ..........| 22,439| 22,504| 22,495| p22,537| p22,544| p7
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Hours of work (3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 33.7| 33.7| 33.6| p33.6| p33.5| p-0.1
Manufacturing .........| 41.0| 40.8| 40.5| p40.5| p40.3| p-.2
Overtime ............| 3.9| 3.7| 3.5| p3.5| p3.3| p-.2
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 107.2| 106.6| 106.1| p105.7| p104.7| p-1.0
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Earnings (3)
|_____________________________________________________
Average hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| $17.95| $18.12| $18.17| p$18.23| p$18.30| p$0.07
Average weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| 605.40| 610.15| 610.51| p612.53| p613.05| p.52
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using
unrounded data.
3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.
p = preliminary.
- 3 -
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.9 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in November, 584,000 more than 12 months
earlier. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had
looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted
as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks pre-
ceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 608,000 dis-
couraged workers in November, up by 259,000 from a year earlier. Discour-
aged workers are persons not currently looking for work specifically be-
cause they believe no jobs are available for them. The other 1.3 million
persons marginally attached to the labor force in November had not searched
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school
attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 533,000 in November, bringing
losses to 1. 9 million since the start of the recession in December 2007.
Two-thirds of these losses occurred in the last 3 months. In November,
employment declined in nearly all major industries, although health care
continued to add jobs. (See table B-1.)
In November, employment continued to decline in manufacturing (-85,000),
with widespread job losses occurring among the component industries. Manu-
facturing employment has declined by 604,000 since December. Within dur-
able goods manufacturing, job losses occurred in November in fabricated
metal products (-15,000), machinery (-11,000), wood products (-9,000),
furniture and related products (-7,000), primary metals (-7,000), and com-
puter and electronic products (-7,000). Employment in transportation
equipment edged up, as a return of 27,000 aerospace workers from strike
more than offset a job loss in motor vehicle and parts (-13,000). In the
nondurable goods component, job losses occurred in plastics and rubber
products (-12,000), printing and related support activities (-5,000), and
textile mills (-5,000).
Employment in construction fell by 82,000 in November, with losses oc-
curring throughout the industry. Since peaking in September 2006, con-
struction employment has decreased by 780,000. Specialty trade contrac-
tors lost 50,000 jobs in November, with both residential and nonresiden-
tial components contributing to the decline.
Within professional and business services, the employment services
industry lost 101,000 jobs over the month, bringing total job losses
since December to 495,000. In November, employment fell by 10,000 in
architectural and engineering services.
Employment in retail trade fell by 91,000 in November. Job losses
continued in automobile dealerships (-24,000). Employment in the indus-
try has fallen by 115,000 since December, with much of the decrease oc-
curring over the last 2 months. In several other retail industries, sea-
sonal hiring for the holidays fell short of normal in November. After
seasonal adjustment, employment declined in clothing and accessories
stores (-18,000); sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores (-11,000);
and furniture and home furnishing stores (-10,000). Wholesale trade em-
ployment was down by 25,000 over the month, with most of the decrease
among durable goods wholesalers.
Employment in leisure and hospitality declined by 76,000 in November,
with most of the decline occurring in accommodation and food services
(-54,000). Since peaking in April 2008, accommodation and food services
has lost 150,000 jobs.
- 4 -
In November, employment in financial activities continued to decline
(-32,000). Within the industry, job losses occurred in credit intermedi-
ation and related activities (-16,000) and in rental and leasing services
(-9,000). Job losses in financial activities have accelerated over the
last 3 months, bringing the total decline since December to 142,000.
Elsewhere in the service-providing sector, employment in transporta-
tion and warehousing declined by 32,000 in November, with most of the
losses in truck transportation (-12,000) and couriers and messengers
(-8,000). The information industry lost 19,000 jobs over the month.
Health care employment grew by 34,000 in November. Over the past 12
months, health care has added 369,000 jobs.
The change in total nonfarm employment for September was revised from
-284,000 to -403,000, and the change for October was revised from -240,000
to -320,000. In both months, there were large revisions in most of the
major industry sectors. These revisions resulted primarily because of the
normal monthly recalculation of seasonal factors rather than the incorpora-
tion of additional sample reports.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
In November, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 hour to 33.5 hours, sea-
sonally adjusted--the lowest in the history of the series, which began
in 1964. Both the manufacturing workweek and factory overtime fell by
0.2 hour over the month, to 40.3 and 3.3 hours, respectively. (See
table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory
workers on nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.9 percent in November. The manu-
facturing index declined by 1.4 percent. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
In November, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 7 cents, or 0.4 percent. This
followed gains of 6 cents in October and 3 cents in September. Over the
past 12 months, average hourly earnings increased by 3.7 percent, and
average weekly earnings rose by 2.8 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for December 2008 is scheduled to be released
on Friday, January 9, 2009, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). Employment Situation
release dates for the balance of 2009 can be found on the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/empsit.htm.
- 5 -
------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data |
| |
| In accordance with usual practice, the Employment Situation |
| release for December 2008, scheduled for January 9, 2009, will |
| incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted unemployment |
| and other labor force series from the household survey. Sea- |
| sonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject |
| to revision. |
| |
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Planned Changes to Household Data Table A-13 |
| |
| With the release of data for December 2008, scheduled for |
| January 9, 2009, there will be a wording change to one of the |
| categories listed in table A-13. The current category, "Searched|
| for work and available to work now," will be changed to "Margin- |
| ally attached to the labor force." This is strictly a change in |
| title, and not in definition; the data shown will not be af- |
| fected. This change is being made to correspond with the text |
| in the release. |
| |
| Footnote 1 in table A-13 also will change slightly to include |
| the word "sometime." Therefore, footnote 1 will read "Data re- |
| fer to persons who have searched for work sometime during the |
| prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the re- |
| ference week." |
| |
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Conversion of Household Data to Updated Census Industry |
| Classification |
| |
| With the release of January 2009 data on February 6, 2009, |
| the Current Population Survey (household data) will change its |
| industry classification from the 2002 Census Industry Classifica-|
| tion to an updated version derived from the 2007 North American |
| Industry Classification System. |
| |
| Several industry titles will be updated. In addition, the |
| new classification reflects minor definitional changes within |
| the information sector. Historical data will not be revised. |
| |
------------------------------------------------------------------
- 6 -
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The estab-
lishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea-
surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is
statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for
a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.
However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establish-
ment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the
establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of
employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the
legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include
at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many
are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about
whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these ques-
tions show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor
force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force from 2000
to 2007.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the
time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey
revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the
survey. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark
revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts
available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps
to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.
gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment esti-
mate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to
achieve that goal.
- 7 -
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs
impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net
impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into
the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its
appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of
households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and
available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary
layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no
requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the
monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force
who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of
labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially
counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news
release.
- 8 -
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households con-
ducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours,
and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS
in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses
and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites.
The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The
sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calen-
dar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey,
the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not
correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work
and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household
is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their
jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or
personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those
not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemploy-
ment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor
force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the
employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
- 9 -
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm
businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay
for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons
are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private busi-
nesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and non-
supervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on
the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the
North American Industry Classification System.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important dis-
tinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid
family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are
excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The
establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The
establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals
are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment
survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than
one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of
employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the
opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-
month changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics
from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as de-
clines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place rela-
tive to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has
risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in pre-
vious years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow
for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
- 10 -
Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or
more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data
are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of con-
fidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are
generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment
from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the
estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The
90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to
530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are
off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes
values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in
fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then
all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero.
In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had,
in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for
the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower stan-
dard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the
data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal
adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
- 11 -
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a seg-
ment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or pro-
cessing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are
based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly esti-
mate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inabil-
ity to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two
components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business
deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-
based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out
of business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The
second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net
birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series
used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance uni-
verse micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths
over the past five years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on
a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative
records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-
based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision,
and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision
for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from less than 0.1 percent
to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 232,939 234,612 234,828 232,939 233,864 234,107 234,360 234,612 234,828
Civilian labor force....................... 154,035 155,012 154,624 153,828 154,603 154,853 154,732 155,038 154,616
Participation rate................... 66.1 66.1 65.8 66.0 66.1 66.1 66.0 66.1 65.8
Employed................................. 147,118 145,543 144,609 146,647 145,819 145,477 145,255 144,958 144,285
Employment-population ratio.......... 63.2 62.0 61.6 63.0 62.4 62.1 62.0 61.8 61.4
Unemployed............................... 6,917 9,469 10,015 7,181 8,784 9,376 9,477 10,080 10,331
Unemployment rate.................... 4.5 6.1 6.5 4.7 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.5 6.7
Not in labor force......................... 78,904 79,601 80,204 79,111 79,261 79,253 79,628 79,575 80,212
Persons who currently want a job......... 4,337 4,800 5,077 4,655 4,997 4,796 5,067 4,966 5,364
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 112,737 113,546 113,660 112,737 113,154 113,281 113,414 113,546 113,660
Civilian labor force....................... 82,402 82,772 82,415 82,515 82,889 82,807 82,945 82,983 82,655
Participation rate................... 73.1 72.9 72.5 73.2 73.3 73.1 73.1 73.1 72.7
Employed................................. 78,680 77,428 76,690 78,604 77,823 77,632 77,396 77,108 76,672
Employment-population ratio.......... 69.8 68.2 67.5 69.7 68.8 68.5 68.2 67.9 67.5
Unemployed............................... 3,722 5,344 5,725 3,910 5,066 5,176 5,549 5,875 5,983
Unemployment rate.................... 4.5 6.5 6.9 4.7 6.1 6.3 6.7 7.1 7.2
Not in labor force......................... 30,335 30,775 31,245 30,223 30,264 30,474 30,469 30,563 31,005
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 104,087 104,869 104,978 104,087 104,490 104,613 104,741 104,869 104,978
Civilian labor force....................... 79,113 79,462 79,243 79,075 79,327 79,318 79,444 79,451 79,316
Participation rate................... 76.0 75.8 75.5 76.0 75.9 75.8 75.8 75.8 75.6
Employed................................. 76,018 74,865 74,283 75,834 75,094 74,866 74,631 74,441 74,138
Employment-population ratio.......... 73.0 71.4 70.8 72.9 71.9 71.6 71.3 71.0 70.6
Unemployed............................... 3,095 4,598 4,960 3,240 4,234 4,452 4,813 5,010 5,178
Unemployment rate.................... 3.9 5.8 6.3 4.1 5.3 5.6 6.1 6.3 6.5
Not in labor force......................... 24,973 25,407 25,735 25,012 25,163 25,295 25,298 25,418 25,662
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 120,202 121,066 121,168 120,202 120,710 120,825 120,946 121,066 121,168
Civilian labor force....................... 71,633 72,240 72,209 71,313 71,714 72,046 71,787 72,055 71,961
Participation rate................... 59.6 59.7 59.6 59.3 59.4 59.6 59.4 59.5 59.4
Employed................................. 68,438 68,115 67,919 68,043 67,996 67,845 67,860 67,850 67,613
Employment-population ratio.......... 56.9 56.3 56.1 56.6 56.3 56.2 56.1 56.0 55.8
Unemployed............................... 3,195 4,125 4,290 3,271 3,718 4,201 3,928 4,205 4,348
Unemployment rate.................... 4.5 5.7 5.9 4.6 5.2 5.8 5.5 5.8 6.0
Not in labor force......................... 48,569 48,826 48,959 48,889 48,996 48,779 49,159 49,011 49,207
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 111,805 112,633 112,731 111,805 112,290 112,401 112,518 112,633 112,731
Civilian labor force....................... 68,188 69,059 69,108 67,776 68,303 68,672 68,423 68,757 68,749
Participation rate................... 61.0 61.3 61.3 60.6 60.8 61.1 60.8 61.0 61.0
Employed................................. 65,449 65,439 65,317 64,980 65,167 65,047 65,072 65,090 64,935
Employment-population ratio.......... 58.5 58.1 57.9 58.1 58.0 57.9 57.8 57.8 57.6
Unemployed............................... 2,739 3,620 3,791 2,796 3,135 3,625 3,351 3,666 3,815
Unemployment rate.................... 4.0 5.2 5.5 4.1 4.6 5.3 4.9 5.3 5.5
Not in labor force......................... 43,617 43,575 43,623 44,029 43,988 43,729 44,094 43,877 43,982
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 17,048 17,110 17,118 17,048 17,084 17,092 17,101 17,110 17,118
Civilian labor force....................... 6,734 6,490 6,272 6,977 6,973 6,863 6,865 6,830 6,550
Participation rate................... 39.5 37.9 36.6 40.9 40.8 40.2 40.1 39.9 38.3
Employed................................. 5,652 5,239 5,008 5,832 5,558 5,563 5,552 5,427 5,212
Employment-population ratio.......... 33.2 30.6 29.3 34.2 32.5 32.6 32.5 31.7 30.4
Unemployed............................... 1,082 1,251 1,264 1,145 1,415 1,299 1,313 1,404 1,338
Unemployment rate.................... 16.1 19.3 20.2 16.4 20.3 18.9 19.1 20.6 20.4
Not in labor force......................... 10,314 10,620 10,846 10,071 10,110 10,229 10,236 10,279 10,568
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 188,956 190,085 190,221 188,956 189,587 189,747 189,916 190,085 190,221
Civilian labor force....................... 125,615 126,311 126,057 125,430 125,971 125,981 125,955 126,388 126,029
Participation rate..................... 66.5 66.4 66.3 66.4 66.4 66.4 66.3 66.5 66.3
Employed................................. 120,665 119,389 118,721 120,194 119,542 119,222 119,180 118,893 118,338
Employment-population ratio............ 63.9 62.8 62.4 63.6 63.1 62.8 62.8 62.5 62.2
Unemployed............................... 4,951 6,923 7,336 5,235 6,428 6,760 6,775 7,495 7,691
Unemployment rate...................... 3.9 5.5 5.8 4.2 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.9 6.1
Not in labor force......................... 63,341 63,774 64,165 63,526 63,616 63,766 63,961 63,697 64,193
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 65,552 65,785 65,681 65,521 65,789 65,690 65,747 65,844 65,755
Participation rate..................... 76.4 76.2 76.0 76.4 76.4 76.2 76.2 76.3 76.1
Employed................................. 63,307 62,411 61,995 63,111 62,695 62,446 62,239 62,081 61,824
Employment-population ratio............ 73.8 72.3 71.7 73.6 72.8 72.5 72.2 71.9 71.5
Unemployed............................... 2,245 3,374 3,686 2,409 3,094 3,244 3,508 3,763 3,930
Unemployment rate...................... 3.4 5.1 5.6 3.7 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.7 6.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 54,539 55,204 55,131 54,206 54,424 54,668 54,603 54,930 54,804
Participation rate..................... 60.5 60.9 60.8 60.2 60.2 60.4 60.3 60.6 60.4
Employed................................. 52,645 52,595 52,454 52,220 52,184 52,118 52,309 52,236 52,052
Employment-population ratio............ 58.4 58.0 57.8 58.0 57.7 57.6 57.8 57.6 57.4
Unemployed............................... 1,893 2,610 2,677 1,986 2,240 2,551 2,294 2,694 2,752
Unemployment rate...................... 3.5 4.7 4.9 3.7 4.1 4.7 4.2 4.9 5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 5,525 5,321 5,245 5,703 5,758 5,623 5,606 5,615 5,470
Participation rate..................... 42.2 40.6 40.0 43.6 44.0 43.0 42.8 42.9 41.7
Employed................................. 4,712 4,383 4,272 4,863 4,664 4,658 4,632 4,577 4,461
Employment-population ratio............ 36.0 33.5 32.6 37.2 35.6 35.6 35.4 34.9 34.0
Unemployed............................... 812 939 973 840 1,094 965 974 1,038 1,009
Unemployment rate...................... 14.7 17.6 18.6 14.7 19.0 17.2 17.4 18.5 18.4
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 27,666 27,982 28,021 27,666 27,854 27,896 27,939 27,982 28,021
Civilian labor force....................... 17,481 17,799 17,683 17,453 17,767 17,973 17,737 17,793 17,710
Participation rate..................... 63.2 63.6 63.1 63.1 63.8 64.4 63.5 63.6 63.2
Employed................................. 16,027 15,847 15,705 15,980 16,040 16,074 15,714 15,810 15,718
Employment-population ratio............ 57.9 56.6 56.0 57.8 57.6 57.6 56.2 56.5 56.1
Unemployed............................... 1,454 1,952 1,979 1,473 1,726 1,899 2,023 1,983 1,992
Unemployment rate...................... 8.3 11.0 11.2 8.4 9.7 10.6 11.4 11.1 11.2
Not in labor force......................... 10,184 10,183 10,338 10,212 10,088 9,923 10,202 10,190 10,311
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 7,930 8,005 7,957 7,889 7,979 8,066 8,004 7,980 7,950
Participation rate..................... 71.2 71.1 70.6 70.8 71.3 71.9 71.2 70.9 70.5
Employed................................. 7,316 7,083 7,013 7,268 7,184 7,239 7,052 7,052 7,000
Employment-population ratio............ 65.7 62.9 62.2 65.3 64.2 64.5 62.8 62.6 62.1
Unemployed............................... 613 923 944 621 795 827 951 928 950
Unemployment rate...................... 7.7 11.5 11.9 7.9 10.0 10.3 11.9 11.6 11.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,789 9,021 9,069 8,777 8,985 9,052 8,921 9,004 9,070
Participation rate..................... 63.4 64.3 64.5 63.3 64.3 64.7 63.6 64.1 64.5
Employed................................. 8,161 8,231 8,234 8,159 8,311 8,225 8,089 8,211 8,250
Employment-population ratio............ 58.8 58.6 58.6 58.8 59.5 58.8 57.7 58.5 58.7
Unemployed............................... 627 791 836 618 674 826 833 794 820
Unemployment rate...................... 7.1 8.8 9.2 7.0 7.5 9.1 9.3 8.8 9.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 763 772 657 787 802 856 812 808 691
Participation rate..................... 28.7 28.8 24.4 29.6 30.0 31.9 30.3 30.1 25.7
Employed................................. 549 533 457 553 545 609 573 546 468
Employment-population ratio............ 20.7 19.9 17.0 20.8 20.4 22.7 21.4 20.4 17.4
Unemployed............................... 214 239 199 234 257 246 239 262 223
Unemployment rate...................... 28.0 30.9 30.4 29.7 32.0 28.8 29.4 32.4 32.3
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 10,731 10,791 10,811 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Civilian labor force....................... 7,222 7,141 7,134 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 67.3 66.2 66.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 6,960 6,870 6,791 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 64.9 63.7 62.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 262 271 343 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 3.6 3.8 4.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Not in labor force......................... 3,509 3,650 3,677 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 31,809 32,465 32,558 31,809 32,179 32,273 32,369 32,465 32,558
Civilian labor force....................... 21,937 22,190 22,137 21,872 22,071 22,226 22,258 22,236 22,078
Participation rate..................... 69.0 68.4 68.0 68.8 68.6 68.9 68.8 68.5 67.8
Employed................................. 20,701 20,327 20,263 20,623 20,435 20,452 20,531 20,268 20,187
Employment-population ratio............ 65.1 62.6 62.2 64.8 63.5 63.4 63.4 62.4 62.0
Unemployed............................... 1,236 1,863 1,874 1,249 1,636 1,774 1,727 1,967 1,891
Unemployment rate...................... 5.6 8.4 8.5 5.7 7.4 8.0 7.8 8.8 8.6
Not in labor force......................... 9,872 10,275 10,421 9,938 10,108 10,048 10,111 10,229 10,480
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 12,592 12,787 12,760 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 84.8 84.6 84.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 12,023 11,838 11,777 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 81.0 78.3 77.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 569 949 983 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 4.5 7.4 7.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,246 8,332 8,362 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 59.0 58.4 58.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 7,760 7,721 7,745 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 55.6 54.1 54.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 485 611 618 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 5.9 7.3 7.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 1,100 1,071 1,015 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 36.8 34.8 32.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 918 768 741 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 30.7 24.9 24.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 182 303 274 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 16.5 28.3 27.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment
Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force......................... 12,181 12,137 12,137 12,228 12,168 12,197 12,161 12,391 12,206
Participation rate....................... 46.6 47.4 47.0 46.8 47.8 47.5 47.0 48.3 47.3
Employed................................... 11,264 11,007 10,865 11,296 11,135 11,022 10,992 11,118 10,924
Employment-population ratio.............. 43.1 42.9 42.1 43.3 43.7 42.9 42.5 43.4 42.3
Unemployed................................. 916 1,130 1,272 932 1,033 1,175 1,169 1,273 1,282
Unemployment rate........................ 7.5 9.3 10.5 7.6 8.5 9.6 9.6 10.3 10.5
High school graduates, no college (1)
Civilian labor force......................... 39,017 38,571 38,586 38,710 38,872 38,373 38,313 38,467 38,271
Participation rate....................... 63.1 62.8 62.8 62.6 63.5 62.9 62.5 62.6 62.3
Employed................................... 37,327 36,314 36,009 36,980 36,854 36,191 35,908 36,028 35,679
Employment-population ratio.............. 60.4 59.1 58.6 59.8 60.2 59.3 58.6 58.7 58.1
Unemployed................................. 1,690 2,257 2,577 1,730 2,018 2,182 2,405 2,439 2,592
Unemployment rate........................ 4.3 5.9 6.7 4.5 5.2 5.7 6.3 6.3 6.8
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force......................... 36,454 37,065 37,342 36,353 36,444 36,685 36,991 36,723 37,155
Participation rate....................... 72.1 72.0 72.1 71.9 71.1 71.5 71.9 71.3 71.7
Employed................................... 35,303 35,208 35,380 35,156 34,813 34,912 35,129 34,797 35,127
Employment-population ratio.............. 69.9 68.4 68.3 69.6 67.9 68.0 68.3 67.6 67.8
Unemployed................................. 1,151 1,857 1,961 1,197 1,631 1,774 1,862 1,926 2,029
Unemployment rate........................ 3.2 5.0 5.3 3.3 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.5
Bachelor's degree and higher (2)
Civilian labor force......................... 44,474 45,639 45,272 44,263 45,071 45,422 45,200 45,540 45,260
Participation rate....................... 78.0 78.0 77.8 77.7 77.2 77.5 77.7 77.8 77.8
Employed................................... 43,563 44,257 43,900 43,296 43,993 44,182 44,072 44,129 43,847
Employment-population ratio.............. 76.4 75.6 75.4 76.0 75.3 75.4 75.7 75.4 75.4
Unemployed................................. 910 1,382 1,372 968 1,078 1,240 1,128 1,411 1,413
Unemployment rate........................ 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.1 3.1
1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries........... 2,082 2,203 2,141 2,148 2,123 2,142 2,189 2,167 2,203
Wage and salary workers.................... 1,171 1,328 1,198 1,237 1,258 1,289 1,331 1,321 1,270
Self-employed workers...................... 892 853 920 895 844 817 820 823 920
Unpaid family workers...................... 19 23 23 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Nonagricultural industries................... 145,036 143,340 142,468 144,503 143,589 143,284 143,064 142,773 142,015
Wage and salary workers.................... 135,705 134,388 133,697 135,109 133,951 133,822 133,725 133,808 133,163
Government............................... 21,121 21,720 21,613 20,943 21,098 21,259 21,168 21,510 21,440
Private industries....................... 114,583 112,668 112,084 114,179 112,956 112,607 112,588 112,301 111,710
Private households..................... 759 840 836 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Other industries....................... 113,824 111,828 111,247 113,377 112,157 111,851 111,778 111,431 110,826
Self-employed workers...................... 9,234 8,882 8,706 9,276 9,518 9,381 9,228 8,844 8,829
Unpaid family workers...................... 97 69 65 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,374 6,267 7,135 4,513 5,724 5,718 6,055 6,700 7,321
Slack work or business conditions........ 2,959 4,548 5,354 3,008 4,194 4,112 4,232 4,733 5,426
Could only find part-time work........... 1,146 1,466 1,509 1,223 1,286 1,362 1,516 1,491 1,572
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,661 19,541 19,892 19,539 19,406 19,712 19,371 19,147 18,880
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 4,301 6,157 7,001 4,453 5,599 5,641 5,941 6,485 7,200
Slack work or business conditions........ 2,926 4,460 5,251 2,981 4,156 4,032 4,121 4,690 5,313
Could only find part-time work........... 1,136 1,457 1,497 1,205 1,277 1,350 1,537 1,481 1,570
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,349 19,197 19,592 19,224 19,051 19,281 19,033 18,889 18,598
1 Data not available.
2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as
vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked
only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 147,118 145,543 144,609 146,647 145,819 145,477 145,255 144,958 144,285
16 to 19 years............................. 5,652 5,239 5,008 5,832 5,558 5,563 5,552 5,427 5,212
16 to 17 years........................... 2,176 1,930 1,771 2,192 1,974 1,988 2,029 1,959 1,813
18 to 19 years........................... 3,476 3,309 3,237 3,625 3,619 3,570 3,546 3,482 3,410
20 years and over.......................... 141,466 140,303 139,601 140,814 140,261 139,914 139,703 139,531 139,073
20 to 24 years........................... 14,008 13,517 13,446 13,965 13,724 13,683 13,637 13,538 13,463
25 years and over........................ 127,459 126,786 126,155 126,779 126,611 126,281 126,093 125,944 125,529
25 to 54 years......................... 101,083 99,467 98,921 100,605 99,733 99,345 99,236 98,895 98,475
25 to 34 years....................... 31,884 31,369 31,298 31,638 31,468 31,467 31,397 31,140 31,090
35 to 44 years....................... 34,311 33,355 33,007 34,173 33,613 33,287 33,300 33,216 32,914
45 to 54 years....................... 34,888 34,743 34,616 34,794 34,651 34,591 34,540 34,538 34,471
55 years and over...................... 26,376 27,319 27,233 26,174 26,879 26,936 26,856 27,048 27,054
Men, 16 years and over....................... 78,680 77,428 76,690 78,604 77,823 77,632 77,396 77,108 76,672
16 to 19 years............................. 2,662 2,563 2,406 2,770 2,729 2,766 2,764 2,667 2,534
16 to 17 years........................... 946 881 769 959 931 947 960 909 803
18 to 19 years........................... 1,716 1,683 1,638 1,791 1,799 1,831 1,811 1,758 1,730
20 years and over.......................... 76,018 74,865 74,283 75,834 75,094 74,866 74,631 74,441 74,138
20 to 24 years........................... 7,444 6,954 6,939 7,466 7,179 7,165 7,173 6,975 6,986
25 years and over........................ 68,573 67,911 67,344 68,328 67,952 67,758 67,449 67,463 67,107
25 to 54 years......................... 54,590 53,470 52,983 54,422 53,643 53,480 53,222 53,167 52,806
25 to 34 years....................... 17,558 17,213 17,076 17,466 17,245 17,221 17,138 17,086 16,996
35 to 44 years....................... 18,592 18,073 17,871 18,559 18,122 18,092 18,030 17,993 17,842
45 to 54 years....................... 18,440 18,184 18,036 18,397 18,276 18,167 18,054 18,088 17,968
55 years and over...................... 13,983 14,441 14,361 13,906 14,309 14,278 14,227 14,297 14,301
Women, 16 years and over..................... 68,438 68,115 67,919 68,043 67,996 67,845 67,860 67,850 67,613
16 to 19 years............................. 2,989 2,676 2,602 3,063 2,829 2,798 2,787 2,759 2,678
16 to 17 years........................... 1,230 1,050 1,002 1,233 1,043 1,041 1,068 1,050 1,010
18 to 19 years........................... 1,760 1,626 1,600 1,834 1,820 1,739 1,735 1,725 1,679
20 years and over.......................... 65,449 65,439 65,317 64,980 65,167 65,047 65,072 65,090 64,935
20 to 24 years........................... 6,563 6,563 6,507 6,500 6,544 6,518 6,464 6,563 6,477
25 years and over........................ 58,885 58,876 58,810 58,451 58,660 58,523 58,643 58,480 58,422
25 to 54 years......................... 46,492 45,998 45,938 46,183 46,090 45,865 46,014 45,728 45,669
25 to 34 years....................... 14,326 14,157 14,223 14,172 14,224 14,246 14,259 14,054 14,094
35 to 44 years....................... 15,719 15,281 15,135 15,615 15,491 15,195 15,269 15,223 15,072
45 to 54 years....................... 16,448 16,559 16,580 16,396 16,376 16,424 16,486 16,451 16,504
55 years and over...................... 12,393 12,878 12,872 12,268 12,570 12,658 12,629 12,752 12,753
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 46,458 45,947 45,781 46,339 46,120 45,829 45,958 45,870 45,705
Married women, spouse present................ 36,078 35,831 35,937 35,689 36,185 36,055 35,913 35,633 35,657
Women who maintain families.................. 9,176 9,431 9,314 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (2)........................ 121,846 120,020 118,432 122,020 120,537 119,908 119,928 119,596 118,688
Part-time workers (3)........................ 25,272 25,523 26,176 24,631 25,431 25,649 25,366 25,355 25,519
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders.................... 7,791 7,817 7,539 7,640 7,757 8,055 7,657 7,593 7,428
Percent of total employed................ 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.1
1 Data not available.
2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1)
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 7,181 10,080 10,331 4.7 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.5 6.7
16 to 19 years............................. 1,145 1,404 1,338 16.4 20.3 18.9 19.1 20.6 20.4
16 to 17 years........................... 516 583 567 19.0 24.9 22.1 21.6 22.9 23.8
18 to 19 years........................... 609 779 763 14.4 17.3 17.1 17.6 18.3 18.3
20 years and over.......................... 6,036 8,676 8,993 4.1 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.9 6.1
20 to 24 years........................... 1,222 1,608 1,654 8.0 10.2 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.9
25 years and over........................ 4,840 7,042 7,371 3.7 4.4 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.5
25 to 54 years......................... 4,021 5,712 6,024 3.8 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.8
25 to 34 years....................... 1,565 2,219 2,316 4.7 5.6 6.2 6.1 6.7 6.9
35 to 44 years....................... 1,256 1,865 1,864 3.5 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.4
45 to 54 years....................... 1,200 1,629 1,843 3.3 3.7 4.2 4.4 4.5 5.1
55 years and over...................... 814 1,276 1,342 3.0 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.7
Men, 16 years and over....................... 3,910 5,875 5,983 4.7 6.1 6.3 6.7 7.1 7.2
16 to 19 years............................. 670 865 805 19.5 23.4 20.7 21.0 24.5 24.1
16 to 17 years........................... 262 335 324 21.4 29.4 24.0 23.0 26.9 28.8
18 to 19 years........................... 388 485 466 17.8 19.9 18.6 20.1 21.6 21.2
20 years and over.......................... 3,240 5,010 5,178 4.1 5.3 5.6 6.1 6.3 6.5
20 to 24 years........................... 704 1,026 1,008 8.6 11.6 11.5 11.5 12.8 12.6
25 years and over........................ 2,547 3,915 4,186 3.6 4.6 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.9
25 to 54 years......................... 2,099 3,218 3,419 3.7 4.9 5.2 5.8 5.7 6.1
25 to 34 years....................... 886 1,271 1,353 4.8 6.1 6.4 6.8 6.9 7.4
35 to 44 years....................... 618 1,049 1,006 3.2 4.9 4.9 5.6 5.5 5.3
45 to 54 years....................... 595 898 1,061 3.1 3.8 4.3 4.9 4.7 5.6
55 years and over...................... 448 697 766 3.1 3.7 4.2 4.4 4.6 5.1
Women, 16 years and over..................... 3,271 4,205 4,348 4.6 5.2 5.8 5.5 5.8 6.0
16 to 19 years............................. 475 539 534 13.4 17.1 17.1 17.1 16.3 16.6
16 to 17 years........................... 254 247 243 17.1 20.4 20.2 20.3 19.1 19.4
18 to 19 years........................... 221 294 297 10.7 14.6 15.6 14.8 14.6 15.0
20 years and over.......................... 2,796 3,666 3,815 4.1 4.6 5.3 4.9 5.3 5.5
20 to 24 years........................... 518 582 646 7.4 8.7 9.4 9.4 8.1 9.1
25 years and over........................ 2,293 3,127 3,186 3.8 4.2 4.8 4.4 5.1 5.2
25 to 54 years......................... 1,922 2,494 2,604 4.0 4.3 5.0 4.6 5.2 5.4
25 to 34 years....................... 679 948 964 4.6 5.0 6.0 5.3 6.3 6.4
35 to 44 years....................... 638 816 858 3.9 4.3 5.0 4.7 5.1 5.4
45 to 54 years....................... 605 731 782 3.6 3.7 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.5
55 years and over (2).................. 362 579 577 2.8 4.3 4.5 3.9 4.3 4.3
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 1,215 1,948 1,978 2.6 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.1
Married women, spouse present................ 1,109 1,550 1,575 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.5 4.2 4.2
Women who maintain families (2).............. 648 906 953 6.6 8.5 9.6 8.2 8.8 9.3
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (3)........................ 5,889 8,582 8,807 4.6 5.7 6.2 6.2 6.7 6.9
Part-time workers (4)........................ 1,306 1,525 1,560 5.0 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.7 5.8
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Not seasonally adjusted.
3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff
from full-time jobs.
4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on
layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs.............................. 3,382 5,138 5,746 3,609 4,407 4,824 5,171 5,719 6,072
On temporary layoff........................ 814 938 1,166 979 1,037 1,266 1,407 1,340 1,395
Not on temporary layoff.................... 2,568 4,199 4,580 2,630 3,370 3,559 3,764 4,379 4,677
Permanent job losers..................... 1,814 3,243 3,520 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs..... 754 956 1,060 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers.................................. 763 965 916 783 861 999 974 940 935
Reentrants................................... 2,150 2,582 2,659 2,160 2,705 2,652 2,555 2,623 2,636
New entrants................................. 622 783 694 669 811 820 822 828 759
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 48.9 54.3 57.4 50.0 50.2 51.9 54.3 56.6 58.4
On temporary layoff....................... 11.8 9.9 11.6 13.6 11.8 13.6 14.8 13.3 13.4
Not on temporary layoff................... 37.1 44.3 45.7 36.4 38.4 38.3 39.5 43.3 45.0
Job leavers................................. 11.0 10.2 9.1 10.8 9.8 10.7 10.2 9.3 9.0
Reentrants.................................. 31.1 27.3 26.6 29.9 30.8 28.5 26.8 25.9 25.3
New entrants................................ 9.0 8.3 6.9 9.3 9.2 8.8 8.6 8.2 7.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 2.2 3.3 3.7 2.3 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.7 3.9
Job leavers................................. .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants.................................. 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
New entrants................................ .4 .5 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
1 Data not available.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks...................................... 2,450 2,924 3,079 2,633 2,835 3,235 2,853 3,065 3,251
5 to 14 weeks.......................................... 2,176 2,708 3,130 2,157 2,823 2,821 3,051 3,003 3,091
15 weeks and over...................................... 2,291 3,837 3,806 2,398 3,118 3,402 3,607 4,062 3,963
15 to 26 weeks...................................... 933 1,606 1,614 1,014 1,440 1,561 1,598 1,805 1,757
27 weeks and over................................... 1,358 2,230 2,192 1,384 1,678 1,841 2,008 2,257 2,206
Average (mean) duration, in weeks...................... 17.6 20.4 19.2 17.2 17.1 17.4 18.4 19.7 18.8
Median duration, in weeks.............................. 8.6 10.6 9.9 8.7 9.7 9.2 10.2 10.6 10.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.................................... 35.4 30.9 30.7 36.6 32.3 34.2 30.0 30.3 31.5
5 to 14 weeks........................................ 31.5 28.6 31.3 30.0 32.2 29.8 32.1 29.6 30.0
15 weeks and over.................................... 33.1 40.5 38.0 33.4 35.5 36.0 37.9 40.1 38.5
15 to 26 weeks..................................... 13.5 17.0 16.1 14.1 16.4 16.5 16.8 17.8 17.1
27 weeks and over.................................. 19.6 23.6 21.9 19.3 19.1 19.5 21.1 22.3 21.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed rates
Occupation
Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov.
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 147,118 144,609 6,917 10,015 4.5 6.5
Management, professional, and related occupations...... 52,348 53,274 963 1,786 1.8 3.2
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations........................................... 21,622 22,189 378 824 1.7 3.6
Professional and related occupations................. 30,726 31,085 585 962 1.9 3.0
Service occupations.................................... 23,763 24,595 1,651 1,898 6.5 7.2
Sales and office occupations........................... 36,360 35,205 1,579 2,304 4.2 6.1
Sales and related occupations........................ 16,582 16,330 757 1,142 4.4 6.5
Office and administrative support occupations........ 19,778 18,875 822 1,162 4.0 5.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................... 16,011 14,480 955 1,587 5.6 9.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 915 919 83 107 8.4 10.4
Construction and extraction occupations.............. 9,666 8,376 719 1,158 6.9 12.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,430 5,184 153 322 2.7 5.9
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................... 18,636 17,055 1,117 1,726 5.7 9.2
Production occupations............................... 9,535 8,662 571 895 5.6 9.4
Transportation and material moving occupations....... 9,101 8,393 546 831 5.7 9.0
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov.
2007 2008 2007 2008
Total, 16 years and over (1).................... 6,917 10,015 4.5 6.5
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........ 5,397 8,264 4.5 6.9
Mining............................................... 16 32 2.3 3.7
Construction......................................... 645 1,237 6.2 12.7
Manufacturing........................................ 762 1,144 4.5 7.0
Durable goods...................................... 440 729 4.1 6.8
Nondurable goods................................... 322 415 5.3 7.4
Wholesale and retail trade........................... 893 1,397 4.3 6.7
Transportation and utilities......................... 242 331 3.9 5.8
Information.......................................... 132 173 4.0 5.2
Financial activities................................. 261 494 2.7 5.2
Professional and business services................... 679 992 4.8 7.0
Education and health services........................ 526 748 2.7 3.6
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 986 1,283 8.1 9.9
Other services....................................... 255 434 4.1 7.0
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers 80 119 6.6 9.5
Government workers..................................... 482 527 2.2 2.4
Self employed and unpaid family workers................ 336 411 3.2 4.1
1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure
Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent
of the civilian labor force....................... 1.5 2.5 2.5 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.6
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.... 2.2 3.3 3.7 2.3 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.7 3.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian
labor force (official unemployment rate).......... 4.5 6.1 6.5 4.7 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.5 6.7
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers............................... 4.7 6.4 6.8 4.9 6.0 6.3 6.4 6.8 7.0
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus
all other marginally attached workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers....................... 5.3 7.1 7.6 5.5 6.6 7.0 7.1 7.5 7.8
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached
workers, plus total employed part time for
economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all marginally attached workers.. 8.1 11.1 12.2 8.4 10.3 10.7 11.0 11.8 12.5
NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those
who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS
introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Updated population
controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov.
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force........................... 78,904 80,204 30,335 31,245 48,569 48,959
Persons who currently want a job...................... 4,337 5,077 1,859 2,299 2,478 2,778
Searched for work and available to work now (1)..... 1,363 1,947 631 961 732 987
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 349 608 193 315 156 293
Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 1,014 1,339 438 645 576 694
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,791 7,539 3,839 3,723 3,952 3,816
Percent of total employed.......................... 5.3 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.8 5.6
Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 4,356 4,009 2,399 2,147 1,957 1,862
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,731 1,861 498 635 1,233 1,225
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 245 279 157 184 88 95
Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,415 1,360 764 744 650 616
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p Oct. 2008-
Nov. 2008p
Total nonfarm......... 139,150 137,374 137,734 137,100 138,037 137,550 137,423 137,020 136,700 136,167 -533
Total private........... 116,383 115,061 114,841 114,077 115,759 115,048 114,909 114,525 114,163 113,623 -540
Goods-producing............. 22,157 21,597 21,360 21,031 22,049 21,437 21,367 21,250 21,083 20,920 -163
Natural resources and mining.... 736 807 805 803 735 777 788 795 796 800 4
Logging...................... 61.7 61.1 61.9 62.6 59.9 57.7 58.1 58.9 59.5 60.8 1.3
Mining......................... 674.7 746.1 743.5 740.0 675.0 719.4 729.6 736.2 736.3 738.9 2.6
Oil and gas extraction........ 151.5 166.1 166.3 167.2 152.3 162.4 164.1 165.8 166.1 167.0 .9
Mining, except oil and gas(1). 227.4 240.2 240.2 235.9 226.0 231.3 233.8 234.1 234.6 234.9 .3
Coal mining.................. 78.3 84.4 85.7 86.4 78.7 81.2 83.5 84.4 85.2 86.1 .9
Support activities for mining. 295.8 339.8 337.0 336.9 296.7 325.7 331.7 336.3 335.6 337.0 1.4
Construction.................... 7,615 7,350 7,264 7,039 7,520 7,173 7,153 7,098 7,034 6,952 -82
Construction of buildings..... 1,728.6 1,632.9 1,614.5 1,566.4 1,716.4 1,618.3 1,612.8 1,592.1 1,577.2 1,557.9 -19.3
Residential building......... 919.7 845.0 833.0 812.4 913.3 837.6 831.9 823.3 815.6 809.2 -6.4
Nonresidential building...... 808.9 787.9 781.5 754.0 803.1 780.7 780.9 768.8 761.6 748.7 -12.9
Heavy and civil engineering
construction................. 1,027.2 1,009.5 997.2 951.9 999.0 955.5 952.8 943.6 934.3 922.3 -12.0
Specialty trade contractors... 4,859.0 4,707.5 4,652.7 4,520.3 4,804.8 4,598.7 4,587.8 4,562.5 4,522.0 4,471.8 -50.2
Residential specialty trade
contractors................. 2,245.1 2,112.4 2,078.0 2,005.4 2,226.7 2,070.0 2,055.6 2,046.5 2,021.6 1,992.3 -29.3
Nonresidential specialty
trade contractors........... 2,613.9 2,595.1 2,574.7 2,514.9 2,578.1 2,528.7 2,532.2 2,516.0 2,500.4 2,479.5 -20.9
Manufacturing................... 13,806 13,440 13,291 13,189 13,794 13,487 13,426 13,357 13,253 13,168 -85
Production workers........... 9,957 9,644 9,503 9,398 9,944 9,692 9,636 9,572 9,466 9,383 -83
Durable goods.................. 8,763 8,465 8,360 8,296 8,763 8,541 8,482 8,433 8,349 8,287 -62
Production workers........... 6,243 5,957 5,855 5,789 6,242 6,033 5,980 5,930 5,844 5,783 -61
Wood products................. 506.1 469.8 458.0 445.1 509.0 473.3 467.6 462.2 454.8 446.1 -8.7
Nonmetallic mineral products.. 503.0 479.1 478.2 467.2 499.5 476.6 475.8 471.0 471.6 463.6 -8.0
Primary metals................ 451.6 444.9 441.0 432.6 452.6 446.0 443.0 442.7 440.9 434.1 -6.8
Fabricated metal products..... 1,565.5 1,529.2 1,516.2 1,498.3 1,565.6 1,531.8 1,534.3 1,524.2 1,511.0 1,495.7 -15.3
Machinery..................... 1,186.8 1,185.9 1,182.1 1,171.6 1,189.9 1,196.5 1,193.0 1,187.2 1,182.9 1,171.9 -11.0
Computer and electronic
products(1).................. 1,257.1 1,246.7 1,238.3 1,232.7 1,260.5 1,246.1 1,247.4 1,245.5 1,239.6 1,232.6 -7.0
Computer and peripheral
equipment................... 184.9 185.2 184.8 184.0 185.5 185.1 185.4 185.3 184.9 183.7 -1.2
Communications equipment..... 129.0 131.2 132.1 131.3 129.5 130.8 131.2 131.7 131.9 131.3 -.6
Semiconductors and electronic
components.................. 434.9 423.0 417.9 415.1 437.0 423.2 423.4 422.1 419.1 415.4 -3.7
Electronic instruments....... 441.7 445.1 441.7 440.9 443.0 444.1 444.7 444.5 442.4 441.2 -1.2
Electrical equipment and
appliances................... 425.2 417.6 416.3 412.2 426.6 422.4 419.4 416.8 416.0 412.8 -3.2
Transportation equipment(1)... 1,698.5 1,577.2 1,525.8 1,544.0 1,693.5 1,624.8 1,584.0 1,572.2 1,531.3 1,540.1 8.8
Motor vehicles and parts(2).. 976.3 856.0 833.8 828.5 972.7 902.2 866.2 850.1 840.8 827.7 -13.1
Furniture and related products 526.6 484.1 471.6 464.3 527.0 495.6 487.4 482.4 472.0 465.4 -6.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing... 642.2 630.1 632.8 628.4 638.8 627.7 630.1 628.9 629.2 624.9 -4.3
Nondurable goods............... 5,043 4,975 4,931 4,893 5,031 4,946 4,944 4,924 4,904 4,881 -23
Production workers........... 3,714 3,687 3,648 3,609 3,702 3,659 3,656 3,642 3,622 3,600 -22
Food manufacturing............ 1,490.4 1,510.1 1,499.1 1,497.1 1,477.9 1,469.8 1,474.0 1,476.7 1,480.1 1,484.2 4.1
Beverages and tobacco products 194.3 197.1 193.1 190.0 194.3 192.2 191.3 191.3 189.1 190.5 1.4
Textile mills................. 164.8 149.2 147.4 141.9 164.9 149.9 150.6 148.3 146.7 142.0 -4.7
Textile product mills......... 156.7 147.7 147.2 145.6 157.2 148.7 147.9 147.9 147.0 145.8 -1.2
Apparel....................... 207.0 196.1 189.9 187.9 206.4 195.9 196.1 193.1 189.6 188.1 -1.5
Leather and allied products... 34.4 35.4 34.6 34.3 34.1 33.9 35.1 35.0 34.4 34.0 -.4
Paper and paper products...... 458.3 449.2 447.4 445.4 458.6 454.9 453.4 449.8 448.0 446.0 -2.0
Printing and related support
activities................... 624.1 596.0 591.2 587.5 622.0 598.9 599.2 595.2 590.2 584.9 -5.3
Petroleum and coal products... 111.6 116.5 115.2 114.4 112.1 114.6 114.1 114.2 114.1 114.8 .7
Chemicals..................... 858.2 851.9 849.5 848.5 860.5 857.1 855.4 852.5 852.0 851.0 -1.0
Plastics and rubber products.. 743.0 725.8 716.4 699.9 743.0 730.2 726.4 720.0 712.4 700.0 -12.4
Service-providing........... 116,993 115,777 116,374 116,069 115,988 116,113 116,056 115,770 115,617 115,247 -370
Private service-providing.. 94,226 93,464 93,481 93,046 93,710 93,611 93,542 93,275 93,080 92,703 -377
Trade, transportation, and
utilities...................... 27,163 26,194 26,226 26,371 26,693 26,393 26,346 26,225 26,124 25,977 -147
Wholesale trade................ 6,082.1 6,006.6 5,986.6 5,957.5 6,075.0 6,017.6 6,007.1 5,999.5 5,975.1 5,949.9 -25.2
Durable goods................. 3,150.3 3,082.1 3,064.5 3,045.9 3,152.4 3,094.3 3,084.9 3,080.1 3,061.1 3,044.9 -16.2
Nondurable goods.............. 2,097.0 2,075.6 2,075.5 2,068.1 2,086.6 2,078.4 2,075.2 2,070.0 2,066.9 2,060.8 -6.1
Electronic markets and agents
and brokers.................. 834.8 848.9 846.6 843.5 836.0 844.9 847.0 849.4 847.1 844.2 -2.9
Retail trade...................15,926.9 15,125.1 15,179.8 15,397.0 15,513.1 15,302.4 15,274.7 15,199.1 15,136.9 15,045.6 -91.3
Motor vehicle and parts
dealers(1)................... 1,909.2 1,854.6 1,823.3 1,779.5 1,911.0 1,870.6 1,853.2 1,837.4 1,811.9 1,784.8 -27.1
Automobile dealers........... 1,246.0 1,187.1 1,162.6 1,128.5 1,244.9 1,204.3 1,189.6 1,177.1 1,153.6 1,129.4 -24.2
Furniture and home furnishings
stores....................... 603.0 556.5 561.6 561.3 584.9 569.2 566.4 561.7 556.8 547.0 -9.8
Electronics and appliance
stores....................... 562.2 524.1 532.5 538.6 542.6 535.2 535.3 530.3 527.7 521.0 -6.7
Building material and garden
supply stores................ 1,254.9 1,231.6 1,227.5 1,206.1 1,279.9 1,230.1 1,237.0 1,235.9 1,232.9 1,224.5 -8.4
Food and beverage stores...... 2,903.1 2,855.7 2,860.2 2,884.7 2,871.9 2,879.5 2,871.5 2,863.2 2,866.3 2,859.9 -6.4
Health and personal care
stores....................... 1,005.8 980.7 981.5 987.0 998.6 990.0 985.1 984.4 981.9 976.9 -5.0
Gasoline stations............. 858.5 839.1 834.4 832.5 859.1 841.3 839.8 834.2 834.8 834.5 -.3
Clothing and clothing
accessories stores........... 1,630.0 1,463.9 1,484.6 1,540.9 1,524.5 1,494.8 1,495.8 1,482.9 1,477.4 1,459.8 -17.6
Sporting goods, hobby, book,
and music stores............. 704.0 651.5 656.1 668.7 664.0 649.3 659.5 650.1 649.7 639.0 -10.7
General merchandise stores(1). 3,137.5 2,881.3 2,910.2 3,071.0 2,968.2 2,948.4 2,941.1 2,929.8 2,909.0 2,915.2 6.2
Department stores............ 1,692.1 1,459.1 1,481.4 1,590.9 1,560.6 1,517.2 1,507.0 1,494.2 1,476.0 1,472.5 -3.5
Miscellaneous store retailers. 881.4 856.5 865.8 861.5 868.3 857.4 856.4 855.5 856.9 850.8 -6.1
Nonstore retailers............ 477.3 429.6 442.1 465.2 440.1 436.6 433.6 433.7 431.6 432.2 .6
Transportation and warehousing. 4,599.9 4,503.1 4,496.5 4,452.8 4,549.0 4,513.6 4,505.1 4,465.9 4,448.8 4,417.3 -31.5
Air transportation............ 499.4 488.7 483.2 482.7 503.0 495.2 490.9 487.4 485.3 485.3 .0
Rail transportation........... 234.6 229.7 229.7 229.7 233.8 232.1 230.6 229.2 229.4 229.9 .5
Water transportation.......... 63.3 62.2 60.9 57.8 65.0 61.9 60.7 60.3 59.7 58.7 -1.0
Truck transportation.......... 1,438.2 1,406.5 1,398.9 1,374.6 1,428.7 1,398.3 1,400.1 1,387.3 1,381.0 1,369.3 -11.7
Transit and ground passenger
transportation............... 428.4 417.3 422.0 419.5 411.5 417.1 416.5 408.2 407.1 405.0 -2.1
Pipeline transportation....... 40.5 43.4 43.3 44.1 40.6 43.3 43.0 43.7 43.9 44.2 .3
Scenic and sightseeing
transportation............... 28.4 35.0 31.5 24.1 30.9 30.6 30.9 29.5 29.1 27.3 -1.8
Support activities for
transportation............... 590.3 587.5 591.2 581.6 589.2 590.3 590.8 587.2 586.6 581.1 -5.5
Couriers and messengers....... 602.3 577.4 576.4 577.2 584.4 586.5 585.8 580.2 576.1 568.2 -7.9
Warehousing and storage....... 674.5 655.4 659.4 661.5 661.9 658.3 655.8 652.9 650.6 648.3 -2.3
Utilities...................... 554.3 559.4 562.8 563.3 555.5 559.8 559.2 560.8 563.0 563.8 .8
Information..................... 3,027 2,966 2,961 2,953 3,022 2,988 2,984 2,978 2,972 2,953 -19
Publishing industries, except
Internet..................... 894.4 865.7 865.2 859.0 892.2 873.0 870.4 867.0 864.5 856.0 -8.5
Motion picture and sound
recording industries......... 377.2 374.2 374.2 375.3 376.3 379.1 379.4 379.4 383.1 379.2 -3.9
Broadcasting, except Internet. 326.1 318.0 318.2 318.6 325.0 320.4 318.4 317.7 318.5 318.1 -.4
Telecommunications............ 1,026.6 1,011.2 1,004.4 1,002.0 1,026.4 1,016.1 1,016.0 1,014.4 1,007.0 1,001.2 -5.8
Data processing, hosting and
related services............. 273.6 265.9 266.4 265.7 272.6 268.3 268.0 267.4 266.6 265.2 -1.4
Other information services.... 128.7 131.1 132.9 132.7 129.5 130.8 131.7 131.7 132.6 132.9 .3
Financial activities............ 8,247 8,174 8,137 8,087 8,260 8,206 8,196 8,173 8,142 8,110 -32
Finance and insurance.......... 6,111.6 6,048.9 6,034.2 6,014.3 6,115.5 6,081.1 6,075.1 6,062.2 6,043.5 6,023.8 -19.7
Monetary authorities - central
bank......................... 20.7 20.9 20.1 20.5 20.7 20.9 20.8 20.9 20.5 20.7 .2
Credit intermediation and
related activities(1)........ 2,829.8 2,776.9 2,765.5 2,746.8 2,834.3 2,788.6 2,784.7 2,785.3 2,770.9 2,755.2 -15.7
Depository credit
intermediation(1)........... 1,819.8 1,805.5 1,804.3 1,795.2 1,823.4 1,815.3 1,813.2 1,808.9 1,804.7 1,799.9 -4.8
Commercial banking.......... 1,342.1 1,334.0 1,332.9 1,327.7 1,344.7 1,340.9 1,339.4 1,337.2 1,334.3 1,331.5 -2.8
Securities, commodity
contracts, investments....... 859.4 850.4 845.7 842.8 856.9 860.6 860.9 851.5 845.9 843.3 -2.6
Insurance carriers and related
activities................... 2,314.0 2,312.3 2,314.3 2,315.8 2,315.6 2,323.2 2,320.3 2,316.2 2,317.4 2,315.9 -1.5
Funds, trusts, and other
financial vehicles........... 87.7 88.4 88.6 88.4 88.0 87.8 88.4 88.3 88.8 88.7 -.1
Real estate and rental and
leasing....................... 2,135.0 2,125.2 2,103.1 2,072.4 2,144.7 2,125.3 2,121.3 2,110.7 2,098.8 2,086.4 -12.4
Real estate................... 1,473.1 1,465.2 1,457.4 1,445.0 1,477.1 1,463.7 1,465.6 1,457.9 1,454.6 1,451.6 -3.0
Rental and leasing services... 631.6 627.6 614.1 595.8 637.4 629.3 623.8 620.6 612.4 603.0 -9.4
Lessors of nonfinancial
intangible assets............ 30.3 32.4 31.6 31.6 30.2 32.3 31.9 32.2 31.8 31.8 .0
Professional and business
services....................... 18,179 17,938 17,930 17,662 18,079 17,904 17,854 17,789 17,726 17,590 -136
Professional and technical
services(1)................... 7,749.5 7,786.2 7,841.7 7,822.2 7,784.8 7,855.4 7,859.5 7,860.8 7,872.9 7,855.5 -17.4
Legal services............... 1,175.4 1,158.8 1,167.7 1,163.8 1,175.2 1,168.8 1,166.6 1,166.2 1,165.7 1,163.5 -2.2
Accounting and bookkeeping
services.................... 922.5 899.2 906.2 913.8 979.4 976.3 977.7 975.3 976.2 974.5 -1.7
Architectural and engineering
services.................... 1,457.3 1,464.7 1,463.8 1,446.6 1,453.9 1,466.0 1,464.2 1,457.0 1,452.3 1,442.3 -10.0
Computer systems design and
related services............ 1,389.8 1,424.7 1,438.8 1,441.3 1,387.5 1,419.7 1,424.5 1,427.4 1,433.2 1,435.9 2.7
Management and technical
consulting services......... 991.6 1,032.9 1,037.0 1,042.0 985.1 1,019.0 1,019.8 1,029.6 1,031.9 1,033.3 1.4
Management of companies and
enterprises................... 1,852.5 1,823.7 1,823.0 1,810.9 1,850.0 1,830.2 1,832.1 1,823.7 1,820.9 1,814.8 -6.1
Administrative and waste
services...................... 8,576.7 8,328.1 8,265.3 8,029.2 8,444.1 8,218.1 8,162.7 8,104.6 8,031.7 7,919.9 -111.8
Administrative and support
services(1).................. 8,214.7 7,957.4 7,891.2 7,658.6 8,081.4 7,852.3 7,793.5 7,735.8 7,660.6 7,549.1 -111.5
Employment services(1)....... 3,683.2 3,378.7 3,336.0 3,179.0 3,563.9 3,339.9 3,285.8 3,236.2 3,173.0 3,072.3 -100.7
Temporary help services..... 2,681.3 2,428.9 2,388.7 2,259.6 2,583.7 2,391.6 2,353.5 2,308.6 2,263.4 2,185.2 -78.2
Business support services.... 806.7 781.0 793.1 794.0 798.9 786.2 785.6 787.7 787.4 787.2 -.2
Services to buildings and
dwellings................... 1,864.3 1,930.6 1,896.2 1,843.8 1,861.1 1,864.4 1,861.8 1,855.9 1,848.5 1,841.9 -6.6
Waste management and
remediation services......... 362.0 370.7 374.1 370.6 362.7 365.8 369.2 368.8 371.1 370.8 -.3
Education and health services... 18,749 18,916 19,214 19,299 18,522 18,935 18,997 18,993 19,021 19,073 52
Educational services........... 3,171.0 3,033.5 3,239.8 3,272.7 2,975.5 3,111.6 3,126.6 3,082.3 3,072.7 3,082.5 9.8
Health care and social
assistance....................15,577.7 15,882.8 15,974.3 16,026.4 15,546.7 15,823.3 15,870.8 15,910.5 15,948.2 15,990.7 42.5
Health care(3)................13,100.4 13,382.3 13,438.7 13,473.7 13,081.1 13,333.1 13,363.4 13,388.0 13,416.7 13,450.5 33.8
Ambulatory health care
services(1)................. 5,565.2 5,717.3 5,748.6 5,760.3 5,554.8 5,693.2 5,703.8 5,721.1 5,732.0 5,746.1 14.1
Offices of physicians....... 2,238.0 2,287.2 2,302.1 2,308.9 2,232.2 2,281.1 2,282.7 2,289.7 2,295.0 2,301.1 6.1
Outpatient care centers..... 511.2 517.9 522.0 525.6 511.0 520.3 522.2 519.9 522.6 524.5 1.9
Home health care services... 931.9 968.7 975.0 976.3 929.1 960.8 963.4 967.0 969.6 973.5 3.9
Hospitals.................... 4,562.4 4,679.2 4,694.6 4,702.6 4,558.8 4,653.5 4,669.1 4,677.0 4,689.0 4,698.1 9.1
Nursing and residential care
facilities(1)............... 2,972.8 2,985.8 2,995.5 3,010.8 2,967.5 2,986.4 2,990.5 2,989.9 2,995.7 3,006.3 10.6
Nursing care facilities..... 1,610.2 1,603.7 1,607.3 1,613.0 1,605.9 1,606.5 1,607.4 1,603.5 1,606.1 1,609.2 3.1
Social assistance(1).......... 2,477.3 2,500.5 2,535.6 2,552.7 2,465.6 2,490.2 2,507.4 2,522.5 2,531.5 2,540.2 8.7
Child day care services...... 869.4 856.5 873.6 878.3 856.7 842.2 850.5 861.5 862.4 865.0 2.6
Leisure and hospitality......... 13,379 13,762 13,489 13,189 13,628 13,655 13,639 13,587 13,562 13,486 -76
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation.................... 1,860.8 2,046.0 1,947.5 1,813.8 2,001.4 1,999.5 2,004.0 1,988.7 1,988.6 1,967.6 -21.0
Performing arts and spectator
sports....................... 416.8 438.4 426.2 407.6 426.4 433.1 432.9 427.6 428.8 420.9 -7.9
Museums, historical sites,
zoos, and parks.............. 127.4 132.5 130.2 125.3 131.6 132.1 131.7 130.3 129.7 129.7 .0
Amusements, gambling, and
recreation................... 1,316.6 1,475.1 1,391.1 1,280.9 1,443.4 1,434.3 1,439.4 1,430.8 1,430.1 1,417.0 -13.1
Accommodation and food services11,518.3 11,715.6 11,541.8 11,374.9 11,626.8 11,655.6 11,634.6 11,598.3 11,572.9 11,518.7 -54.2
Accommodation................. 1,815.8 1,855.6 1,799.7 1,704.5 1,870.3 1,835.8 1,824.9 1,810.6 1,797.8 1,761.2 -36.6
Food services and drinking
places....................... 9,702.5 9,860.0 9,742.1 9,670.4 9,756.5 9,819.8 9,809.7 9,787.7 9,775.1 9,757.5 -17.6
Other services.................. 5,482 5,514 5,524 5,485 5,506 5,530 5,526 5,530 5,533 5,514 -19
Repair and maintenance........ 1,251.6 1,237.2 1,228.9 1,207.0 1,258.0 1,243.8 1,233.9 1,232.7 1,228.4 1,217.7 -10.7
Personal and laundry services. 1,304.4 1,320.1 1,315.0 1,303.4 1,309.7 1,315.1 1,318.5 1,319.4 1,314.8 1,308.8 -6.0
Membership associations and
organizations................ 2,925.6 2,956.5 2,980.1 2,974.2 2,938.0 2,970.8 2,973.6 2,977.5 2,989.6 2,987.3 -2.3
Government...................... 22,767 22,313 22,893 23,023 22,278 22,502 22,514 22,495 22,537 22,544 7
Federal........................ 2,727 2,756 2,778 2,765 2,728 2,750 2,748 2,750 2,769 2,769 0
Federal, except U.S. Postal
Service...................... 1,964.0 2,038.8 2,054.6 2,052.6 1,966.7 2,018.6 2,025.2 2,033.6 2,053.8 2,059.4 5.6
U.S. Postal Service........... 762.8 717.4 723.3 712.0 761.7 731.5 722.4 716.8 715.3 709.7 -5.6
State government............... 5,309 5,210 5,353 5,380 5,131 5,193 5,210 5,206 5,209 5,215 6
State government education.... 2,504.3 2,391.6 2,535.3 2,561.3 2,314.3 2,366.7 2,378.8 2,378.8 2,377.4 2,382.8 5.4
State government, excluding
education.................... 2,804.5 2,818.3 2,817.6 2,818.5 2,816.5 2,826.5 2,831.2 2,826.7 2,831.2 2,832.2 1.0
Local government............... 14,731 14,347 14,762 14,878 14,419 14,559 14,556 14,539 14,559 14,560 1
Local government education.... 8,367.1 7,860.2 8,307.5 8,403.5 7,999.6 8,072.5 8,058.6 8,043.7 8,062.3 8,058.1 -4.2
Local government, excluding
education.................... 6,363.9 6,486.4 6,454.1 6,474.6 6,419.2 6,486.5 6,497.4 6,495.1 6,497.0 6,502.3 5.3
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector
and selected industry detail
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p Oct. 2008-
Nov. 2008p
Total private......................... 33.7 33.6 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.6 33.6 33.5 -0.1
Goods-producing........................... 40.8 40.3 40.2 39.7 40.7 40.3 40.3 39.9 39.9 39.6 -.3
Natural resources and mining.................. 46.2 45.0 45.2 44.4 46.2 44.8 45.3 44.5 44.6 44.1 -.5
Construction.................................. 39.0 38.9 38.8 37.8 39.1 38.7 38.7 38.4 38.2 37.8 -.4
Manufacturing................................. 41.5 40.9 40.7 40.5 41.3 41.0 40.9 40.5 40.5 40.3 -.2
Overtime hours............................. 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.4 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3 -.2
Durable goods................................ 41.6 41.0 40.8 40.6 41.5 41.3 41.2 40.7 40.7 40.5 -.2
Overtime hours............................. 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.3 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.2 -.3
Wood products............................... 38.7 39.0 38.2 38.3 39.0 39.0 38.9 38.4 38.1 38.2 .1
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 42.9 42.8 42.6 41.5 42.9 42.5 42.3 42.0 42.0 41.6 -.4
Primary metals.............................. 42.8 42.3 41.7 41.5 42.7 42.4 42.7 42.1 41.9 41.3 -.6
Fabricated metal products................... 42.0 41.3 41.2 40.8 41.7 41.2 41.3 41.0 40.9 40.6 -.3
Machinery................................... 43.0 42.3 42.0 41.8 42.9 42.1 42.7 42.2 42.0 41.6 -.4
Computer and electronic products............ 41.2 41.2 40.9 41.6 40.9 41.1 41.0 40.9 40.8 41.2 .4
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 41.6 41.2 40.8 40.6 41.2 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.5 40.2 -.3
Transportation equipment.................... 42.7 41.1 41.5 40.9 42.6 42.6 41.8 40.8 41.3 40.9 -.4
Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 42.1 41.4 40.7 40.0 42.1 42.1 40.4 40.9 40.6 40.2 -.4
Furniture and related products.............. 39.0 37.9 37.3 37.3 38.9 38.3 38.1 37.5 37.5 37.3 -.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 38.8 38.9 38.6 38.8 38.8 39.1 39.5 38.8 38.8 38.8 .0
Nondurable goods............................. 41.3 40.7 40.4 40.4 40.9 40.5 40.4 40.2 40.3 40.1 -.2
Overtime hours............................. 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 -.1
Food manufacturing.......................... 41.3 41.1 40.8 40.9 40.6 40.5 40.5 40.4 40.5 40.4 -.1
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 40.3 38.0 37.3 37.5 40.5 38.9 38.2 38.2 37.8 37.5 -.3
Textile mills............................... 39.9 39.7 38.2 38.5 39.9 39.4 39.5 39.0 38.4 38.2 -.2
Textile product mills....................... 39.2 38.3 37.7 37.8 39.1 39.2 38.8 38.2 38.0 37.9 -.1
Apparel..................................... 37.1 35.7 36.1 36.6 36.9 37.0 36.4 36.0 36.0 36.3 .3
Leather and allied products................. 38.3 37.5 36.9 36.0 38.1 38.4 37.6 37.5 36.9 36.2 -.7
Paper and paper products.................... 44.2 43.0 42.5 41.9 43.7 42.6 43.0 42.4 42.3 41.6 -.7
Printing and related support activities..... 39.2 38.8 39.0 38.7 39.0 38.0 38.3 38.3 38.5 38.4 -.1
Petroleum and coal products................. 44.7 46.1 46.1 45.4 43.8 45.4 45.5 45.3 45.2 44.8 -.4
Chemicals................................... 42.2 41.5 41.5 41.5 42.1 41.9 41.5 41.3 41.5 41.3 -.2
Plastics and rubber products................ 42.1 41.1 40.7 40.7 42.1 41.3 41.0 40.8 40.7 40.6 -.1
Private service-providing................ 32.3 32.3 32.2 32.5 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.3 32.3 32.3 .0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.2 33.4 33.0 33.1 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.2 33.1 32.9 -.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 38.1 38.0 38.2 38.4 38.1 38.4 38.3 38.1 38.2 38.1 -.1
Retail trade................................. 30.1 30.4 29.8 29.8 30.2 30.0 30.0 30.1 29.9 29.8 -.1
Transportation and warehousing............... 36.9 36.5 36.2 36.3 36.8 36.4 36.4 36.3 36.2 35.9 -.3
Utilities.................................... 42.4 43.0 42.4 42.8 42.5 42.4 42.2 42.6 42.3 42.4 .1
Information................................... 36.2 37.0 36.9 37.5 36.2 36.7 36.8 36.9 36.9 37.0 .1
Financial activities.......................... 35.6 35.7 35.8 36.6 35.8 35.7 36.1 36.0 36.0 36.0 .0
Professional and business services............ 34.7 34.7 35.0 35.3 34.7 34.8 34.9 34.8 35.0 35.0 .0
Education and health services................. 32.6 32.5 32.4 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.5 32.5 32.5 .0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.3 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.1 25.1 .0
Other services................................ 30.8 30.7 30.8 30.9 30.9 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.8 .0
1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008p 2008p
Total private........................... $17.63 $18.21 $18.23 $18.36 $594.13 $611.86 $612.53 $618.73
Seasonally adjusted.................... 17.64 18.17 18.23 18.30 596.23 610.51 612.53 613.05
Goods-producing............................. 18.88 19.61 19.58 19.59 770.30 790.28 787.12 777.72
Natural resources and mining.................... 20.99 23.17 22.94 22.98 969.74 1042.65 1036.89 1020.31
Construction.................................... 21.26 22.33 22.27 22.26 829.14 868.64 864.08 841.43
Manufacturing................................... 17.42 17.83 17.83 17.91 722.93 729.25 725.68 725.36
Durable goods.................................. 18.36 18.77 18.77 18.89 763.78 769.57 765.82 766.93
Wood products................................. 13.82 14.34 14.41 14.50 534.83 559.26 550.46 555.35
Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 17.05 16.95 16.90 16.78 731.45 725.46 719.94 696.37
Primary metals................................ 19.69 20.35 19.98 20.17 842.73 860.81 833.17 837.06
Fabricated metal products..................... 16.70 17.14 17.18 17.21 701.40 707.88 707.82 702.17
Machinery..................................... 17.74 18.05 18.07 18.13 762.82 763.52 758.94 757.83
Computer and electronic products.............. 20.22 21.27 21.48 21.42 833.06 876.32 878.53 891.07
Electrical equipment and appliances........... 15.68 16.01 15.85 15.86 652.29 659.61 646.68 643.92
Transportation equipment...................... 23.41 23.98 24.03 24.30 999.61 985.58 997.25 993.87
Furniture and related products................ 14.35 14.54 14.53 14.58 559.65 551.07 541.97 543.83
Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 14.72 15.30 15.32 15.46 571.14 595.17 591.35 599.85
Nondurable goods............................... 15.83 16.29 16.29 16.34 653.78 663.00 658.12 660.14
Food manufacturing............................ 13.63 14.13 14.08 14.18 562.92 580.74 574.46 579.96
Beverages and tobacco products................ 19.54 18.81 19.11 19.56 787.46 714.78 712.80 733.50
Textile mills................................. 13.06 13.72 13.73 13.84 521.09 544.68 524.49 532.84
Textile product mills......................... 11.67 11.81 11.63 11.63 457.46 452.32 438.45 439.61
Apparel....................................... 11.20 11.48 11.39 11.41 415.52 409.84 411.18 417.61
Leather and allied products................... 12.50 12.98 13.14 13.38 478.75 486.75 484.87 481.68
Paper and paper products...................... 18.47 18.99 19.06 18.87 816.37 816.57 810.05 790.65
Printing and related support activities....... 16.33 16.91 16.95 16.98 640.14 656.11 661.05 657.13
Petroleum and coal products................... 26.95 28.42 28.86 28.36 1204.67 1310.16 1330.45 1287.54
Chemicals..................................... 19.52 19.81 19.65 19.86 823.74 822.12 815.48 824.19
Plastics and rubber products.................. 15.49 15.92 15.97 16.04 652.13 654.31 649.98 652.83
Private service-providing.................. 17.31 17.86 17.90 18.07 559.11 576.88 576.38 587.28
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.84 16.30 16.26 16.29 525.89 544.42 536.58 539.20
Wholesale trade................................ 19.89 20.20 20.20 20.44 757.81 767.60 771.64 784.90
Retail trade................................... 12.70 13.03 12.91 12.89 382.27 396.11 384.72 384.12
Transportation and warehousing................. 17.94 18.51 18.54 18.57 661.99 675.62 671.15 674.09
Utilities...................................... 28.17 28.94 28.89 29.08 1194.41 1244.42 1224.94 1244.62
Information..................................... 24.11 24.98 24.97 25.05 872.78 924.26 921.39 939.38
Financial activities............................ 19.83 20.43 20.41 20.54 705.95 729.35 730.68 751.76
Professional and business services.............. 20.33 21.25 21.41 22.02 705.45 737.38 749.35 777.31
Education and health services................... 18.42 18.96 18.93 18.95 600.49 616.20 613.33 619.67
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.67 10.88 10.92 10.92 266.75 272.00 273.00 273.00
Other services.................................. 15.61 15.95 15.90 15.97 480.79 489.67 489.72 493.47
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. change from:
2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p Oct. 2008-
Nov. 2008p
Total private:
Current dollars........................ $17.64 $18.06 $18.14 $18.17 $18.23 $18.30 0.4
Constant (1982) dollars (2)............ 8.27 8.12 8.17 8.19 8.32 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............................. 18.84 19.33 19.41 19.47 19.51 19.57 .3
Natural resources and mining.................... 21.02 22.54 23.02 23.17 23.10 23.14 .2
Construction.................................... 21.20 21.84 22.01 22.09 22.12 22.21 .4
Manufacturing................................... 17.40 17.78 17.76 17.79 17.86 17.92 .3
Excluding overtime (4)....................... 16.58 16.99 16.99 17.05 17.12 17.22 .6
Durable goods.................................. 18.31 18.75 18.70 18.72 18.80 18.88 .4
Nondurable goods............................... 15.85 16.14 16.18 16.27 16.33 16.35 .1
Private service-providing.................. 17.33 17.74 17.82 17.85 17.92 17.99 .4
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.93 16.20 16.26 16.23 16.26 16.31 .3
Wholesale trade................................ 19.86 20.16 20.29 20.23 20.24 20.30 .3
Retail trade................................... 12.81 12.90 12.93 12.93 12.91 12.96 .4
Transportation and warehousing................. 17.93 18.41 18.47 18.45 18.56 18.57 .1
Utilities...................................... 28.18 28.65 28.88 28.84 28.83 28.93 .3
Information..................................... 24.11 24.82 24.91 24.86 24.93 25.02 .4
Financial activities............................ 19.87 20.30 20.38 20.42 20.43 20.40 -.1
Professional and business services.............. 20.42 21.12 21.30 21.40 21.57 21.83 1.2
Education and health services................... 18.43 18.81 18.85 18.91 18.94 18.97 .2
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.61 10.86 10.89 10.89 10.90 10.89 -.1
Other services.................................. 15.66 15.90 15.92 15.93 15.95 15.97 .1
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.
3 Change was 1.6 percent from Sept. 2008 to Oct. 2008, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. change from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p Oct. 2008-
Nov. 2008p
Total private......................... 108.1 106.6 106.4 105.9 107.7 106.9 106.8 106.1 105.7 104.7 -0.9
Goods-producing........................... 102.4 98.2 96.6 93.6 101.5 97.2 96.9 95.3 94.3 92.6 -1.8
Natural resources and mining.................. 136.5 146.1 145.8 141.6 136.0 138.3 143.0 141.9 141.3 139.9 -1.0
Construction.................................. 115.4 110.9 109.2 102.6 113.9 106.7 106.8 104.9 103.3 100.7 -2.5
Manufacturing................................. 94.8 90.5 88.8 87.4 94.3 91.2 90.5 89.0 88.0 86.8 -1.4
Durable goods................................ 97.6 91.8 89.7 88.3 97.3 93.6 92.6 90.7 89.4 88.0 -1.6
Wood products............................... 85.3 80.2 76.2 74.2 86.6 80.5 79.4 77.4 75.6 74.5 -1.5
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 99.0 96.3 95.8 90.2 98.4 94.2 94.3 92.4 92.8 89.9 -3.1
Primary metals.............................. 90.7 87.9 85.9 83.4 90.7 89.0 88.7 87.2 86.3 83.4 -3.4
Fabricated metal products................... 105.9 101.1 99.6 97.2 105.2 101.2 101.6 100.0 98.5 96.5 -2.0
Machinery................................... 105.1 101.6 100.4 98.4 104.9 102.9 103.7 101.4 100.3 97.8 -2.5
Computer and electronic products............ 103.4 101.2 99.5 99.6 102.7 101.6 101.3 100.2 99.0 98.4 -.6
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 89.6 88.0 87.2 85.8 89.1 88.3 88.0 87.5 86.4 85.1 -1.5
Transportation equipment.................... 97.6 84.2 81.1 81.6 97.2 90.9 86.4 83.5 81.2 81.4 .2
Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 84.0 70.0 66.5 65.0 83.8 75.9 69.2 68.8 67.0 65.2 -2.7
Furniture and related products.............. 84.6 75.2 71.5 70.1 84.8 77.2 75.5 73.9 72.1 70.5 -2.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 91.3 89.6 88.9 88.0 90.7 89.5 90.9 89.0 88.8 87.4 -1.6
Nondurable goods............................. 90.4 88.4 86.8 85.9 89.2 87.3 87.0 86.3 86.0 85.1 -1.0
Food manufacturing.......................... 103.1 104.5 102.9 103.0 100.4 99.9 100.2 100.2 100.7 100.5 -.2
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 96.2 91.2 89.0 88.3 96.3 89.5 87.6 87.8 87.2 87.9 .8
Textile mills............................... 54.0 48.4 45.9 44.0 53.8 48.8 48.9 47.3 45.8 43.8 -4.4
Textile product mills....................... 75.2 70.6 69.1 67.7 75.3 72.6 70.9 70.2 69.3 68.1 -1.7
Apparel..................................... 59.3 55.3 54.0 54.1 59.2 56.9 56.3 54.7 53.7 53.7 .0
Leather and allied products................. 71.6 74.9 71.5 68.3 70.5 72.6 74.3 73.4 70.7 68.1 -3.7
Paper and paper products.................... 87.9 85.0 83.5 81.8 86.9 84.9 85.3 83.7 83.3 81.5 -2.2
Printing and related support activities..... 92.4 87.3 86.9 85.8 91.6 85.8 86.6 86.3 85.6 84.7 -1.1
Petroleum and coal products................. 98.4 107.1 103.2 98.7 96.4 101.5 102.4 102.0 99.7 98.0 -1.7
Chemicals................................... 95.7 94.8 94.5 93.8 95.9 96.9 95.5 94.6 95.0 94.2 -.8
Plastics and rubber products................ 91.2 87.1 84.8 82.6 91.2 88.3 87.1 85.7 84.2 82.5 -2.0
Private service-providing................. 109.9 109.2 108.9 109.3 109.5 109.3 109.6 108.9 108.6 108.1 -.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 107.0 103.6 102.5 103.6 105.1 103.8 103.6 103.1 102.3 101.1 -1.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 110.7 108.9 109.3 109.3 110.4 110.5 110.0 109.1 109.0 108.2 -.7
Retail trade................................. 104.6 99.9 98.3 100.0 101.9 99.9 99.7 99.5 98.3 97.3 -1.0
Transportation and warehousing............... 111.1 108.3 107.4 106.6 109.4 108.2 107.7 106.7 106.0 104.3 -1.6
Utilities.................................... 96.3 99.6 98.6 99.6 96.7 97.9 97.4 98.8 98.5 98.7 .2
Information................................... 99.6 100.0 99.8 101.5 99.4 100.0 100.2 100.3 100.5 100.2 -.3
Financial activities.......................... 107.4 107.7 107.7 109.4 108.2 107.9 109.2 108.6 108.4 107.9 -.5
Professional and business services............ 116.8 115.1 115.9 114.7 115.9 115.1 115.0 114.2 114.2 112.9 -1.1
Education and health services................. 115.1 116.1 117.5 119.1 113.8 116.5 116.9 116.6 116.7 117.0 .3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 108.2 111.6 109.3 106.6 111.6 111.5 111.4 111.0 110.3 109.6 -.6
Other services................................ 98.7 99.2 99.7 99.3 99.5 99.6 100.0 99.8 99.9 99.6 -.3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours
by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average
weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. change from:
2007 2008 2008p 2008p 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008p 2008p Oct. 2008-
Nov. 2008p
Total private......................... 127.3 129.8 129.6 130.0 127.0 129.0 129.4 128.8 128.7 128.1 -0.5
Goods-producing........................... 118.4 117.9 115.9 112.2 117.1 115.0 115.2 113.6 112.6 111.0 -1.4
Natural resources and mining.................. 166.6 196.9 194.5 189.2 166.3 181.3 191.4 191.2 189.8 188.3 -.8
Construction.................................. 132.5 133.7 131.3 123.4 130.4 125.9 126.9 125.1 123.3 120.8 -2.0
Manufacturing................................. 108.0 105.6 103.5 102.3 107.3 106.0 105.1 103.5 102.8 101.7 -1.1
Durable goods................................ 111.8 107.5 105.2 104.1 111.2 109.6 108.1 106.0 104.9 103.7 -1.1
Nondurable goods............................. 101.1 101.8 100.0 99.2 99.9 99.6 99.5 99.2 99.2 98.3 -.9
Private service-providing................. 130.4 133.7 133.6 135.5 130.2 133.0 133.9 133.3 133.5 133.3 -.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 120.9 120.4 118.9 120.4 119.4 120.0 120.2 119.4 118.7 117.6 -.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 129.7 129.6 130.0 131.6 129.2 131.2 131.5 130.0 129.9 129.4 -.4
Retail trade................................. 113.9 111.5 108.8 110.5 111.9 110.4 110.5 110.3 108.8 108.1 -.6
Transportation and warehousing............... 126.4 127.2 126.3 125.6 124.4 126.3 126.2 124.9 124.8 122.8 -1.6
Utilities.................................... 113.2 120.3 118.9 120.8 113.7 117.1 117.5 119.0 118.5 119.2 .6
Information................................... 118.8 123.7 123.4 125.9 118.7 122.9 123.6 123.5 124.0 124.2 .2
Financial activities.......................... 131.7 136.1 135.9 138.9 133.0 135.5 137.6 137.1 136.9 136.1 -.6
Professional and business services............ 141.2 145.5 147.7 150.3 140.9 144.7 145.7 145.5 146.6 146.7 .1
Education and health services................. 139.4 144.7 146.2 148.4 137.8 144.1 144.9 144.9 145.3 145.9 .4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 131.1 137.9 135.5 132.2 134.4 137.5 137.8 137.3 136.5 135.5 -.7
Other services................................ 112.2 115.2 115.5 115.5 113.5 115.4 116.0 115.8 116.1 115.9 -.2
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate
payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of
average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2004 .............. 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8
2005 .............. 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7
2006 .............. 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0
2007 .............. 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5
2008 .............. 45.4 41.4 47.4 45.6 46.4 42.3 38.3 46.2 35.9 p37.8 p27.6
Over 3-month span:
2004 .............. 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6
2005 .............. 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3
2006 .............. 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4
2007 .............. 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4
2008 .............. 46.7 42.7 42.3 44.0 43.1 44.0 36.3 37.4 34.1 p34.5 p27.0
Over 6-month span:
2004 .............. 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0
2005 .............. 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0
2006 .............. 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0
2007 .............. 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8
2008 .............. 51.5 49.8 44.7 46.5 43.6 39.1 37.6 39.1 33.6 p32.5 p29.6
Over 12-month span:
2004 .............. 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8
2005 .............. 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7
2006 .............. 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5
2007 .............. 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7
2008 .............. 53.8 54.6 52.6 50.4 49.3 45.8 44.7 42.5 41.4 p38.1 p32.3
Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
2004 .............. 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9
2005 .............. 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0
2006 .............. 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3
2007 .............. 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3
2008 .............. 40.5 28.6 38.1 35.1 44.6 30.4 26.8 37.5 25.0 p26.8 p21.4
Over 3-month span:
2004 .............. 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7
2005 .............. 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4
2006 .............. 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5
2007 .............. 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7
2008 .............. 35.7 27.4 26.8 29.2 29.8 35.7 24.4 22.6 21.4 p22.6 p20.2
Over 6-month span:
2004 .............. 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7
2005 .............. 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3
2006 .............. 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8
2007 .............. 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7
2008 .............. 34.5 33.9 32.1 28.0 26.8 20.8 19.6 24.4 17.3 p17.9 p17.9
Over 12-month span:
2004 .............. 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6
2005 .............. 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1
2006 .............. 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0
2007 .............. 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9
2008 .............. 29.8 29.8 29.8 24.4 27.4 24.4 23.8 21.4 22.6 p20.2 p17.9
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
United States Department of Labor
