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Economic News Release
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CPS CPS Program Links
CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until                       USDL-23-2530
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, December 8, 2023

Technical information: 
 Household data:     (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	     (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                          THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- NOVEMBER 2023


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 199,000 in November, and the unemployment rate
edged down to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains 
occurred in health care and government. Employment also increased in manufacturing, reflecting 
the return of workers from a strike. Employment in retail trade declined.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures 
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment 
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about 
the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate edged down to 3.7 percent in November, and the number of unemployed 
persons showed little change at 6.3 million. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for teenagers (11.4 percent) edged down 
in November. The jobless rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), Whites 
(3.3 percent), Blacks (5.8 percent), Asians (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.6 percent) showed
little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

In November, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) edged 
down to 1.2 million. These individuals accounted for 18.3 percent of all unemployed persons. 
(See table A-12.)

The employment-population ratio increased by 0.3 percentage point to 60.5 percent in November. 
The labor force participation rate was little changed at 62.8 percent and has been essentially 
flat since August. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons decreased by 295,000 to 4.0 
million in November. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were 
working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time 
jobs. (See table A-8.)

In November, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.3
million, little different from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as 
unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the 
survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached 
to the labor force changed little at 1.6 million in November. These individuals wanted and were 
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked 
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was 421,000 in November,
essentially unchanged from the previous month. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 199,000 in November. Employment growth is below the
average monthly gain of 240,000 over the prior 12 months but is in line with job growth in recent 
months. In November, job gains occurred in health care and government. Employment also increased 
in manufacturing, reflecting the return of workers from a strike. Employment in retail trade 
declined. (See table B-1.)

In November, health care added 77,000 jobs, above the average monthly gain of 54,000 over the 
prior 12 months. Over the month, job gains continued in ambulatory health care services (+36,000),
hospitals (+24,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+17,000). 

Government employment increased by 49,000 in November, in line with the average monthly gain of 
55,000 over the prior 12 months. Employment continued to trend up in local government (+32,000) 
and state government (+17,000) over the month.

Employment in manufacturing rose by 28,000 in November, reflecting an increase of 30,000 in 
motor vehicles and parts as workers returned from a strike. Employment in manufacturing has
shown little net change over the year.

In November, employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up (+40,000), almost
entirely in food services and drinking places. Leisure and hospitality had added an average of
51,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. 

Employment in social assistance continued to trend up in November (+16,000). The industry had 
added an average of 23,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment
continued to trend up in individual and family services (+9,000). 

Retail trade employment declined by 38,000 in November and has shown little net change over the 
year. Employment decreased in department stores (-19,000) and in furniture, home furnishings, 
electronics, and appliance retailers (-6,000) over the month. 

In November, employment in information changed little (+10,000). Motion picture and sound 
recording industries added 17,000 jobs, mostly reflecting the resolution of labor disputes in 
the industry. Overall, employment in the information industry has declined by 104,000 since
reaching a peak in November 2022. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in November (-5,000). A job loss 
in warehousing and storage (-8,000) was partially offset by a gain in air transportation 
(+4,000). Employment in transportation and warehousing has declined by 61,000 since a peak
in October 2022. 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; wholesale trade; financial activities; 
professional and business services; and other services.

In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 
cents, or 0.4 percent, to $34.10. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have 
increased by 4.0 percent. In November, average hourly earnings of private-sector production 
and nonsupervisory employees rose by 12 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $29.30. (See tables B-3 and 
B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 
34.4 hours in November. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.0 hours, 
and overtime remained at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 
employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised down by 35,000, from 
+297,000 to +262,000, and the change for October remained at +150,000. With these revisions, 
employment in September and October combined is 35,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly 
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since 
the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for December is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 5, 2024, 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

  _________________________________________________________________________________________ 
 |											   |
 |                    Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data		   |
 |											   |
 |  In accordance with usual practice, The Employment Situation news release for December  |
 |  2023, scheduled for January 5, 2024, will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally   |
 |  adjusted household survey data. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years   |
 |  are subject to revision.                                                               |
 |_________________________________________________________________________________________|




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Change from:
Oct.
2023-
Nov.
2023

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

264,708 267,428 267,642 267,822 180

Civilian labor force

164,527 167,929 167,728 168,260 532

Participation rate

62.2 62.8 62.7 62.8 0.1

Employed

158,527 161,570 161,222 161,969 747

Employment-population ratio

59.9 60.4 60.2 60.5 0.3

Unemployed

6,000 6,360 6,506 6,291 -215

Unemployment rate

3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Not in labor force

100,181 99,498 99,914 99,562 -352

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)

3.3 3.8 3.7 3.7 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)

3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

11.3 11.6 13.2 11.4 -1.8

White

3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Black or African American

5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 0.0

Asian

2.6 2.8 3.1 3.5 0.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

4.0 4.6 4.8 4.6 -0.2

Total, 25 years and over

3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 0.0

Less than a high school diploma

4.4 5.5 5.8 6.3 0.5

High school graduates, no college

3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 0.1

Some college or associate degree

3.2 3.0 3.1 2.8 -0.3

Bachelor's degree and higher

2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2,761 2,858 3,059 3,100 41

Job leavers

829 797 800 820 20

Reentrants

1,798 2,043 1,884 1,782 -102

New entrants

558 568 612 571 -41

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,244 2,051 2,268 2,068 -200

5 to 14 weeks

1,694 2,044 1,836 2,080 244

15 to 26 weeks

821 1,072 1,081 994 -87

27 weeks and over

1,215 1,216 1,282 1,150 -132

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

3,688 4,065 4,283 3,988 -295

Slack work or business conditions

2,546 2,793 2,982 2,793 -189

Could only find part-time work

826 938 1,002 932 -70

Part time for noneconomic reasons

21,226 22,152 21,539 21,862 323

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force

1,491 1,457 1,417 1,585 168

Discouraged workers

406 367 416 421 5

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

290 262 150 199

Total private

228 199 85 150

Goods-producing

41 21 -10 29

Mining and logging

8 1 0 -1

Construction

19 9 25 2

Manufacturing

14 11 -35 28

Durable goods(1)

14 10 -34 36

Motor vehicles and parts

5.7 9.2 -32.0 30.0

Nondurable goods

0 1 -1 -8

Private service-providing

187 178 95 121

Wholesale trade

-0.4 15.6 11.2 8.3

Retail trade

-45.6 1.7 -4.7 -38.4

Transportation and warehousing

-37.1 12.4 -12.4 -5.0

Utilities

-0.9 2.0 0.6 0.1

Information

13 -6 -19 10

Financial activities

11 0 -5 4

Professional and business services(1)

0 -17 2 -9

Temporary help services

-48.5 -22.3 0.2 -13.6

Private education and health services(1)

95 86 83 99

Health care and social assistance

82.6 85.6 75.1 93.2

Leisure and hospitality

123 76 42 40

Other services

29 8 -3 12

Government

62 63 65 49

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

321 221 192 204

Total private

290 153 133 145

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.8 49.8 49.9 49.9

Total private women employees

48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4

Average hourly earnings

$32.80 $33.91 $33.98 $34.10

Average weekly earnings

$1,131.60 $1,166.50 $1,165.51 $1,173.04

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

114.3 115.6 115.4 115.8

Over-the-month percent change

-0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

179.2 187.4 187.4 188.8

Over-the-month percent change

0.3 0.4 0.0 0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (250 industries)

63.4 57.8 52.2 54.6

Manufacturing (72 industries)

59.7 47.2 44.4 48.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 666,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Nov.
2022
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

264,708 267,642 267,822 264,708 267,002 267,213 267,428 267,642 267,822

Civilian labor force

164,272 167,774 167,977 164,527 167,103 167,839 167,929 167,728 168,260

Participation rate

62.1 62.7 62.7 62.2 62.6 62.8 62.8 62.7 62.8

Employed

158,749 161,676 162,149 158,527 161,262 161,484 161,570 161,222 161,969

Employment-population ratio

60.0 60.4 60.5 59.9 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.2 60.5

Unemployed

5,523 6,098 5,827 6,000 5,841 6,355 6,360 6,506 6,291

Unemployment rate

3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7

Not in labor force

100,436 99,868 99,845 100,181 99,899 99,374 99,498 99,914 99,562

Persons who currently want a job

5,211 5,037 5,006 5,528 5,247 5,370 5,450 5,373 5,324

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

128,983 130,816 130,903 128,983 130,507 130,608 130,713 130,816 130,903

Civilian labor force

87,441 88,730 89,258 87,793 88,695 89,082 89,331 88,871 89,592

Participation rate

67.8 67.8 68.2 68.1 68.0 68.2 68.3 67.9 68.4

Employed

84,455 85,384 85,910 84,557 85,492 85,493 85,633 85,217 86,010

Employment-population ratio

65.5 65.3 65.6 65.6 65.5 65.5 65.5 65.1 65.7

Unemployed

2,986 3,345 3,347 3,236 3,203 3,589 3,697 3,654 3,582

Unemployment rate

3.4 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0

Not in labor force

41,542 42,087 41,646 41,189 41,811 41,527 41,382 41,945 41,312

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

120,301 122,029 122,111 120,301 121,735 121,832 121,931 122,029 122,111

Civilian labor force

84,329 85,542 86,094 84,525 85,739 85,934 86,130 85,597 86,293

Participation rate

70.1 70.1 70.5 70.3 70.4 70.5 70.6 70.1 70.7

Employed

81,731 82,663 83,128 81,698 82,922 82,777 82,837 82,423 83,114

Employment-population ratio

67.9 67.7 68.1 67.9 68.1 67.9 67.9 67.5 68.1

Unemployed

2,598 2,879 2,966 2,827 2,817 3,157 3,293 3,174 3,179

Unemployment rate

3.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force

35,972 36,487 36,017 35,776 35,997 35,898 35,801 36,432 35,817

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

135,725 136,826 136,919 135,725 136,496 136,605 136,715 136,826 136,919

Civilian labor force

76,831 79,045 78,719 76,734 78,408 78,757 78,599 78,857 78,668

Participation rate

56.6 57.8 57.5 56.5 57.4 57.7 57.5 57.6 57.5

Employed

74,294 76,292 76,239 73,970 75,769 75,991 75,936 76,005 75,959

Employment-population ratio

54.7 55.8 55.7 54.5 55.5 55.6 55.5 55.5 55.5

Unemployed

2,537 2,753 2,480 2,764 2,638 2,766 2,662 2,852 2,709

Unemployment rate

3.3 3.5 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force

58,894 57,781 58,199 58,991 58,088 57,847 58,116 57,969 58,251

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

127,283 128,342 128,430 127,283 128,028 128,132 128,237 128,342 128,430

Civilian labor force

73,766 75,888 75,681 73,532 75,205 75,541 75,497 75,584 75,493

Participation rate

58.0 59.1 58.9 57.8 58.7 59.0 58.9 58.9 58.8

Employed

71,516 73,499 73,504 71,088 72,877 73,121 73,163 73,115 73,122

Employment-population ratio

56.2 57.3 57.2 55.9 56.9 57.1 57.1 57.0 56.9

Unemployed

2,250 2,390 2,177 2,444 2,328 2,419 2,334 2,469 2,371

Unemployment rate

3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force

53,517 52,454 52,749 53,750 52,822 52,591 52,740 52,759 52,937

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

17,124 17,270 17,281 17,124 17,239 17,249 17,260 17,270 17,281

Civilian labor force

6,177 6,344 6,202 6,469 6,159 6,365 6,303 6,547 6,473

Participation rate

36.1 36.7 35.9 37.8 35.7 36.9 36.5 37.9 37.5

Employed

5,502 5,514 5,517 5,740 5,462 5,586 5,570 5,685 5,733

Employment-population ratio

32.1 31.9 31.9 33.5 31.7 32.4 32.3 32.9 33.2

Unemployed

675 830 685 729 696 779 733 863 740

Unemployment rate

10.9 13.1 11.0 11.3 11.3 12.2 11.6 13.2 11.4

Not in labor force

10,947 10,927 11,079 10,655 11,080 10,885 10,957 10,723 10,808

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Nov.
2022
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

203,617 204,867 204,949 203,617 204,536 204,645 204,756 204,867 204,949

Civilian labor force

125,707 127,686 127,720 125,902 127,329 127,976 127,829 127,651 127,892

Participation rate

61.7 62.3 62.3 61.8 62.3 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.4

Employed

121,967 123,623 123,849 121,807 123,393 123,571 123,456 123,220 123,671

Employment-population ratio

59.9 60.3 60.4 59.8 60.3 60.4 60.3 60.1 60.3

Unemployed

3,741 4,063 3,871 4,094 3,936 4,405 4,373 4,431 4,221

Unemployment rate

3.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force

77,910 77,181 77,229 77,716 77,207 76,669 76,926 77,216 77,058

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

65,590 66,334 66,627 65,759 66,414 66,565 66,643 66,360 66,762

Participation rate

69.8 70.0 70.2 70.0 70.2 70.3 70.3 70.0 70.4

Employed

63,771 64,359 64,660 63,767 64,423 64,324 64,321 64,135 64,628

Employment-population ratio

67.9 67.9 68.2 67.9 68.0 67.9 67.9 67.6 68.1

Unemployed

1,819 1,975 1,967 1,992 1,991 2,241 2,322 2,225 2,134

Unemployment rate

2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

55,381 56,501 56,373 55,174 56,188 56,451 56,401 56,255 56,178

Participation rate

57.0 57.9 57.8 56.8 57.7 58.0 57.9 57.7 57.6

Employed

53,910 55,002 54,995 53,562 54,690 54,826 54,810 54,662 54,658

Employment-population ratio

55.5 56.4 56.4 55.1 56.2 56.3 56.2 56.1 56.0

Unemployed

1,471 1,498 1,378 1,611 1,498 1,625 1,591 1,593 1,520

Unemployment rate

2.7 2.7 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,736 4,851 4,720 4,969 4,727 4,960 4,785 5,036 4,951

Participation rate

37.9 38.7 37.7 39.7 37.8 39.6 38.2 40.2 39.5

Employed

4,286 4,262 4,194 4,478 4,281 4,421 4,324 4,423 4,385

Employment-population ratio

34.3 34.0 33.5 35.8 34.2 35.3 34.5 35.3 35.0

Unemployed

450 589 526 491 447 539 460 613 566

Unemployment rate

9.5 12.1 11.1 9.9 9.5 10.9 9.6 12.2 11.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

34,272 34,788 34,821 34,272 34,678 34,714 34,751 34,788 34,821

Civilian labor force

21,354 21,996 22,149 21,365 21,751 21,746 21,868 21,871 22,157

Participation rate

62.3 63.2 63.6 62.3 62.7 62.6 62.9 62.9 63.6

Employed

20,203 20,716 20,924 20,139 20,496 20,596 20,616 20,601 20,865

Employment-population ratio

59.0 59.5 60.1 58.8 59.1 59.3 59.3 59.2 59.9

Unemployed

1,151 1,281 1,225 1,226 1,255 1,150 1,253 1,270 1,292

Unemployment rate

5.4 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.8

Not in labor force

12,917 12,792 12,672 12,907 12,927 12,969 12,883 12,918 12,664

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,935 10,063 10,279 9,947 10,114 10,131 10,185 10,025 10,290

Participation rate

68.2 67.8 69.1 68.3 68.3 68.4 68.6 67.5 69.2

Employed

9,433 9,547 9,651 9,408 9,576 9,620 9,611 9,494 9,633

Employment-population ratio

64.7 64.3 64.9 64.6 64.7 64.9 64.8 63.9 64.8

Unemployed

502 516 628 539 538 511 574 531 657

Unemployment rate

5.1 5.1 6.1 5.4 5.3 5.0 5.6 5.3 6.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,660 11,148 11,086 10,633 10,922 10,872 10,873 11,055 11,060

Participation rate

62.0 64.1 63.7 61.8 63.0 62.7 62.6 63.6 63.6

Employed

10,133 10,517 10,575 10,077 10,353 10,359 10,389 10,464 10,523

Employment-population ratio

58.9 60.5 60.8 58.6 59.7 59.7 59.8 60.2 60.5

Unemployed

527 630 511 556 569 514 485 590 536

Unemployment rate

4.9 5.7 4.6 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.5 5.3 4.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

759 786 784 785 715 742 810 791 807

Participation rate

30.4 30.8 30.7 31.4 28.2 29.2 31.8 31.0 31.6

Employed

637 651 698 654 568 617 616 642 708

Employment-population ratio

25.5 25.5 27.3 26.2 22.3 24.3 24.2 25.2 27.7

Unemployed

122 135 85 131 148 125 194 148 99

Unemployment rate

16.0 17.2 10.9 16.7 20.7 16.9 24.0 18.8 12.2

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,980 17,593 17,769 16,980 17,600 17,515 17,633 17,593 17,769

Civilian labor force

10,968 11,443 11,494 10,995 11,556 11,486 11,580 11,480 11,543

Participation rate

64.6 65.0 64.7 64.8 65.7 65.6 65.7 65.3 65.0

Employed

10,686 11,094 11,096 10,704 11,288 11,131 11,250 11,129 11,141

Employment-population ratio

62.9 63.1 62.4 63.0 64.1 63.6 63.8 63.3 62.7

Unemployed

282 349 398 291 267 355 330 351 402

Unemployment rate

2.6 3.1 3.5 2.6 2.3 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.5

Not in labor force

6,011 6,150 6,275 5,984 6,044 6,029 6,053 6,112 6,226

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Nov.
2022
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

46,545 47,877 47,974 46,545 47,569 47,671 47,774 47,877 47,974

Civilian labor force

30,694 32,071 32,202 30,600 32,052 31,977 32,144 32,028 32,127

Participation rate

65.9 67.0 67.1 65.7 67.4 67.1 67.3 66.9 67.0

Employed

29,555 30,641 30,822 29,382 30,637 30,420 30,660 30,498 30,664

Employment-population ratio

63.5 64.0 64.2 63.1 64.4 63.8 64.2 63.7 63.9

Unemployed

1,139 1,429 1,379 1,218 1,416 1,557 1,484 1,529 1,462

Unemployment rate

3.7 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.6

Not in labor force

15,850 15,807 15,772 15,944 15,517 15,694 15,630 15,850 15,847

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

16,530 17,124 17,271 16,526 17,290 17,164 17,262 17,120 17,271

Participation rate

78.4 78.7 79.2 78.4 80.0 79.2 79.5 78.7 79.2

Employed

15,982 16,464 16,597 15,925 16,599 16,433 16,523 16,407 16,546

Employment-population ratio

75.8 75.7 76.2 75.5 76.8 75.9 76.1 75.4 75.9

Unemployed

547 660 674 601 691 731 739 714 725

Unemployment rate

3.3 3.9 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

12,743 13,285 13,368 12,637 13,271 13,343 13,379 13,239 13,278

Participation rate

60.2 61.2 61.5 59.7 61.6 61.8 61.8 61.0 61.1

Employed

12,301 12,794 12,866 12,179 12,745 12,752 12,805 12,700 12,755

Employment-population ratio

58.2 59.0 59.2 57.6 59.1 59.0 59.1 58.5 58.7

Unemployed

442 491 502 458 525 591 573 539 523

Unemployment rate

3.5 3.7 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.1 3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,422 1,661 1,562 1,438 1,492 1,470 1,503 1,668 1,578

Participation rate

33.0 37.5 35.2 33.4 33.9 33.4 34.0 37.7 35.6

Employed

1,272 1,382 1,359 1,279 1,292 1,236 1,331 1,391 1,364

Employment-population ratio

29.5 31.2 30.6 29.7 29.4 28.0 30.1 31.4 30.7

Unemployed

150 279 203 159 200 235 172 277 214

Unemployment rate

10.6 16.8 13.0 11.0 13.4 16.0 11.4 16.6 13.6

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2022
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

8,944 9,176 9,549 8,901 8,926 9,239 9,185 9,299 9,496

Participation rate

45.8 47.3 48.5 45.6 47.7 47.6 46.9 47.9 48.3

Employed

8,603 8,725 8,992 8,506 8,459 8,743 8,683 8,764 8,894

Employment-population ratio

44.0 45.0 45.7 43.5 45.2 45.0 44.4 45.2 45.2

Unemployed

341 451 557 395 467 496 501 535 602

Unemployment rate

3.8 4.9 5.8 4.4 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.8 6.3

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

35,227 35,758 35,817 35,192 35,980 36,243 36,205 35,624 35,808

Participation rate

55.8 57.1 57.4 55.7 56.5 56.5 56.8 56.9 57.4

Employed

33,902 34,377 34,413 33,816 34,763 34,851 34,722 34,197 34,350

Employment-population ratio

53.7 54.9 55.1 53.5 54.6 54.4 54.5 54.6 55.0

Unemployed

1,325 1,381 1,404 1,377 1,217 1,391 1,484 1,427 1,458

Unemployment rate

3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

36,113 36,188 36,164 35,880 35,730 35,867 35,960 35,826 35,900

Participation rate

63.3 62.9 62.6 62.9 62.7 63.3 62.8 62.3 62.2

Employed

35,029 35,098 35,215 34,748 34,612 34,780 34,886 34,703 34,899

Employment-population ratio

61.4 61.0 61.0 60.9 60.7 61.4 60.9 60.3 60.4

Unemployed

1,084 1,090 949 1,133 1,118 1,087 1,074 1,123 1,001

Unemployment rate

3.0 3.0 2.6 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.8

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

63,142 64,670 64,518 63,041 64,817 64,398 64,277 64,535 64,458

Participation rate

72.6 72.9 72.8 72.5 73.4 73.5 73.5 72.8 72.7

Employed

61,944 63,362 63,230 61,781 63,522 62,986 62,907 63,172 63,104

Employment-population ratio

71.3 71.5 71.4 71.1 71.9 71.9 71.9 71.3 71.2

Unemployed

1,198 1,308 1,289 1,260 1,295 1,412 1,370 1,363 1,355

Unemployment rate

1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

18,271 17,754 16,238 15,713 2,033 2,041

Civilian labor force

8,709 8,699 7,522 7,495 1,187 1,204

Participation rate

47.7 49.0 46.3 47.7 58.4 59.0

Employed

8,468 8,456 7,302 7,293 1,166 1,163

Employment-population ratio

46.3 47.6 45.0 46.4 57.4 57.0

Unemployed

241 243 220 202 21 42

Unemployment rate

2.8 2.8 2.9 2.7 1.8 3.5

Not in labor force

9,562 9,055 8,716 8,218 846 837

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,026 5,186 4,082 4,226 944 960

Civilian labor force

4,016 4,163 3,298 3,423 719 740

Participation rate

79.9 80.3 80.8 81.0 76.1 77.0

Employed

3,895 4,035 3,190 3,330 704 705

Employment-population ratio

77.5 77.8 78.2 78.8 74.6 73.4

Unemployed

121 128 107 93 14 35

Unemployment rate

3.0 3.1 3.3 2.7 2.0 4.7

Not in labor force

1,009 1,023 784 802 225 220

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,169 2,863 2,732 2,443 437 420

Civilian labor force

2,178 2,101 1,911 1,808 268 293

Participation rate

68.7 73.4 69.9 74.0 61.2 69.7

Employed

2,134 2,053 1,866 1,760 268 293

Employment-population ratio

67.3 71.7 68.3 72.1 61.2 69.7

Unemployed

45 47 45 47 0 0

Unemployment rate

2.0 2.3 2.3 2.6 0.0 0.0

Not in labor force

991 762 821 635 170 127

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

6,130 5,832 5,886 5,587 244 245

Civilian labor force

911 770 869 756 42 14

Participation rate

14.9 13.2 14.8 13.5 17.1 5.9

Employed

869 747 832 733 37 13

Employment-population ratio

14.2 12.8 14.1 13.1 15.2 5.5

Unemployed

42 23 37 22 5 1

Unemployment rate

4.6 3.0 4.2 2.9 - -

Not in labor force

5,219 5,062 5,017 4,831 202 231

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,946 3,873 3,538 3,457 408 416

Civilian labor force

1,604 1,665 1,445 1,508 159 157

Participation rate

40.7 43.0 40.8 43.6 39.1 37.8

Employed

1,570 1,621 1,413 1,469 157 152

Employment-population ratio

39.8 41.8 39.9 42.5 38.6 36.5

Unemployed

34 45 32 39 2 6

Unemployment rate

2.1 2.7 2.2 2.6 1.3 3.6

Not in labor force

2,342 2,208 2,093 1,949 249 259

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

237,100 240,769 108,013 110,453 129,087 130,316

Civilian labor force

153,130 156,837 78,739 80,587 74,390 76,251

Participation rate

64.6 65.1 72.9 73.0 57.6 58.5

Employed

148,117 151,521 76,163 77,603 71,954 73,918

Employment-population ratio

62.5 62.9 70.5 70.3 55.7 56.7

Unemployed

5,013 5,316 2,576 2,984 2,436 2,332

Unemployment rate

3.3 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force

83,970 83,932 29,274 29,866 54,697 54,066

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

32,762 33,922 231,946 233,900

Civilian labor force

7,769 8,396 156,503 159,581

Participation rate

23.7 24.8 67.5 68.2

Employed

7,318 7,779 151,431 154,370

Employment-population ratio

22.3 22.9 65.3 66.0

Unemployed

451 616 5,072 5,211

Unemployment rate

5.8 7.3 3.2 3.3

Not in labor force

24,993 25,526 75,443 74,319

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

3,183 3,526 78,099 79,430

Participation rate

39.3 42.7 82.5 82.8

Employed

2,974 3,169 75,521 76,623

Employment-population ratio

36.7 38.4 79.8 79.9

Unemployed

209 357 2,578 2,806

Unemployment rate

6.6 10.1 3.3 3.5

Not in labor force

4,926 4,722 16,580 16,509

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

3,161 3,482 68,744 70,008

Participation rate

38.4 40.4 71.5 72.9

Employed

2,988 3,291 66,526 67,883

Employment-population ratio

36.3 38.1 69.2 70.7

Unemployed

173 191 2,218 2,125

Unemployment rate

5.5 5.5 3.2 3.0

Not in labor force

5,078 5,146 27,455 26,064

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,425 1,388 9,660 10,144

Participation rate

8.7 8.1 23.5 24.2

Employed

1,356 1,319 9,384 9,864

Employment-population ratio

8.3 7.7 22.8 23.5

Unemployed

68 69 276 280

Unemployment rate

4.8 5.0 2.9 2.8

Not in labor force

14,989 15,657 31,408 31,747

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

46,190 47,412 22,615 23,211 23,576 24,202

Civilian labor force

30,542 31,507 17,480 18,048 13,062 13,459

Participation rate

66.1 66.5 77.3 77.8 55.4 55.6

Employed

29,618 30,422 16,937 17,396 12,681 13,026

Employment-population ratio

64.1 64.2 74.9 75.0 53.8 53.8

Unemployed

924 1,085 543 652 381 433

Unemployment rate

3.0 3.4 3.1 3.6 2.9 3.2

Not in labor force

15,649 15,906 5,135 5,163 10,514 10,743

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

218,517 220,410 106,368 107,693 112,150 112,717

Civilian labor force

133,730 136,470 69,961 71,210 63,769 65,260

Participation rate

61.2 61.9 65.8 66.1 56.9 57.9

Employed

129,131 131,727 67,518 68,514 61,613 63,213

Employment-population ratio

59.1 59.8 63.5 63.6 54.9 56.1

Unemployed

4,599 4,743 2,443 2,696 2,156 2,047

Unemployment rate

3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.4 3.1

Not in labor force

84,787 83,940 36,407 36,483 48,381 47,457

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2022
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,191 2,283 2,234 2,228 2,261 2,296 2,303 2,207 2,272

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,472 1,519 1,535 1,492 1,519 1,559 1,571 1,463 1,553

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

695 719 683 715 688 695 693 707 701

Unpaid family workers

24 45 16 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

156,558 159,393 159,916 156,344 159,099 159,321 159,388 159,299 159,868

Wage and salary workers(1)

147,532 150,305 150,878 147,381 149,974 150,217 150,090 150,154 150,798

Government

21,189 21,741 22,072 21,084 21,161 21,199 21,601 21,655 21,891

Private industries

126,344 128,564 128,807 126,468 128,778 128,891 128,821 128,699 129,077

Private households

671 768 771 - - - - - -

Other industries

125,673 127,796 128,035 125,819 128,166 128,282 128,209 128,076 128,371

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,979 9,054 9,011 8,970 8,814 8,809 9,033 8,943 8,998

Unpaid family workers

46 34 26 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

3,580 3,973 3,871 3,688 4,000 4,221 4,065 4,283 3,988

Slack work or business conditions

2,463 2,790 2,700 2,546 2,717 2,799 2,793 2,982 2,793

Could only find part-time work

815 964 911 826 1,014 1,021 938 1,002 932

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

22,062 22,008 22,662 21,226 21,971 21,975 22,152 21,539 21,862

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

3,498 3,923 3,796 3,623 3,913 4,110 3,991 4,182 3,927

Slack work or business conditions

2,415 2,754 2,654 2,497 2,657 2,757 2,752 2,944 2,745

Could only find part-time work

812 958 903 819 1,012 1,021 929 995 921

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

21,671 21,649 22,210 20,844 21,539 21,522 21,723 21,175 21,427

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2022
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

158,749 161,676 162,149 158,527 161,262 161,484 161,570 161,222 161,969

16 to 19 years

5,502 5,514 5,517 5,740 5,462 5,586 5,570 5,685 5,733

16 to 17 years

2,164 2,162 2,172 2,241 2,083 2,098 2,119 2,161 2,238

18 to 19 years

3,338 3,352 3,345 3,500 3,353 3,461 3,427 3,517 3,513

20 years and over

153,247 156,162 156,632 152,787 155,799 155,898 156,000 155,537 156,236

20 to 24 years

13,769 14,600 14,781 13,759 14,559 14,606 14,676 14,550 14,780

25 years and over

139,478 141,562 141,851 138,845 141,160 141,194 141,293 140,911 141,254

25 to 54 years

101,922 103,741 103,930 101,400 103,539 103,531 103,537 103,299 103,468

25 to 34 years

35,304 35,939 35,953 35,073 36,168 35,974 35,940 35,778 35,779

35 to 44 years

34,919 35,625 35,832 34,777 35,379 35,478 35,518 35,491 35,691

45 to 54 years

31,699 32,177 32,145 31,550 31,992 32,080 32,079 32,030 31,997

55 years and over

37,555 37,821 37,921 37,446 37,620 37,663 37,756 37,612 37,786

Men, 16 years and over

84,455 85,384 85,910 84,557 85,492 85,493 85,633 85,217 86,010

16 to 19 years

2,724 2,721 2,783 2,859 2,570 2,716 2,797 2,794 2,896

16 to 17 years

991 1,054 1,014 1,059 943 1,009 1,060 1,069 1,074

18 to 19 years

1,734 1,667 1,769 1,809 1,606 1,668 1,720 1,725 1,844

20 years and over

81,731 82,663 83,128 81,698 82,922 82,777 82,837 82,423 83,114

20 to 24 years

7,049 7,238 7,406 7,071 7,435 7,369 7,310 7,252 7,445

25 years and over

74,682 75,426 75,722 74,451 75,462 75,297 75,466 75,100 75,525

25 to 54 years

54,331 55,191 55,420 54,119 55,358 55,300 55,291 54,997 55,267

25 to 34 years

18,655 19,037 19,144 18,548 19,338 19,215 19,114 18,956 19,084

35 to 44 years

18,813 19,099 19,149 18,761 19,103 19,053 19,120 19,045 19,112

45 to 54 years

16,863 17,055 17,127 16,810 16,917 17,032 17,057 16,997 17,071

55 years and over

20,351 20,235 20,302 20,332 20,104 19,997 20,175 20,103 20,259

Women, 16 years and over

74,294 76,292 76,239 73,970 75,769 75,991 75,936 76,005 75,959

16 to 19 years

2,778 2,793 2,735 2,881 2,892 2,870 2,773 2,890 2,837

16 to 17 years

1,173 1,108 1,158 1,182 1,140 1,089 1,059 1,092 1,164

18 to 19 years

1,605 1,685 1,577 1,691 1,746 1,793 1,708 1,792 1,668

20 years and over

71,516 73,499 73,504 71,088 72,877 73,121 73,163 73,115 73,122

20 to 24 years

6,721 7,363 7,375 6,688 7,125 7,237 7,366 7,298 7,335

25 years and over

64,795 66,136 66,129 64,394 65,697 65,897 65,827 65,811 65,729

25 to 54 years

47,591 48,550 48,510 47,281 48,181 48,232 48,245 48,302 48,202

25 to 34 years

16,649 16,902 16,809 16,525 16,830 16,759 16,826 16,822 16,695

35 to 44 years

16,106 16,526 16,683 16,016 16,276 16,425 16,398 16,447 16,580

45 to 54 years

14,836 15,122 15,017 14,740 15,075 15,048 15,022 15,033 14,927

55 years and over

17,204 17,586 17,619 17,113 17,516 17,665 17,582 17,509 17,527

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

46,014 45,960 46,384 45,988 45,886 45,911 46,357 45,990 46,310

Married women, spouse present(1)

36,617 37,130 37,118 36,322 37,413 37,430 37,279 37,077 36,906

Women who maintain families(2)

9,832 9,963 9,916 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

132,154 134,824 134,634 132,300 134,274 134,189 134,167 134,493 134,840

Part-time workers(4)

26,595 26,853 27,515 26,115 27,153 27,185 27,336 26,666 27,005

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,782 8,542 8,463 7,676 8,113 8,028 8,151 8,356 8,341

Percent of total employed

4.9 5.3 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

7,028 6,626 6,872 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,674 9,773 9,695 9,686 9,502 9,504 9,726 9,650 9,699

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Nov.
2022
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

6,000 6,506 6,291 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7

16 to 19 years

729 863 740 11.3 11.3 12.2 11.6 13.2 11.4

16 to 17 years

290 370 284 11.5 11.2 11.8 12.7 14.6 11.3

18 to 19 years

447 505 455 11.3 11.4 12.7 11.1 12.6 11.5

20 years and over

5,271 5,643 5,551 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4

20 to 24 years

1,011 1,103 1,057 6.8 6.7 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.7

25 years and over

4,250 4,508 4,508 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1

25 to 54 years

3,318 3,457 3,365 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2

25 to 34 years

1,507 1,589 1,466 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.3 3.9

35 to 44 years

945 1,077 1,055 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9

45 to 54 years

865 791 844 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.6

55 years and over

947 1,059 1,141 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.9

Men, 16 years and over

3,236 3,654 3,582 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0

16 to 19 years

409 480 402 12.5 13.0 13.7 12.6 14.7 12.2

16 to 17 years

195 206 161 15.6 13.2 12.0 15.2 16.2 13.1

18 to 19 years

222 289 245 10.9 12.9 15.3 11.4 14.3 11.7

20 years and over

2,827 3,174 3,179 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7

20 to 24 years

588 621 577 7.7 7.2 8.4 8.4 7.9 7.2

25 years and over

2,243 2,533 2,629 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4

25 to 54 years

1,701 1,973 1,946 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.4

25 to 34 years

795 938 848 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.6 4.7 4.3

35 to 44 years

459 584 631 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2

45 to 54 years

447 450 467 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.1 2.6 2.7

55 years and over

542 560 683 2.6 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.7 3.3

Women, 16 years and over

2,764 2,852 2,709 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4

16 to 19 years

320 383 338 10.0 9.7 10.8 10.6 11.7 10.6

16 to 17 years

95 164 123 7.4 9.4 11.6 9.9 13.1 9.5

18 to 19 years

225 217 211 11.7 10.0 10.2 10.8 10.8 11.2

20 years and over

2,444 2,469 2,371 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1

20 to 24 years

423 482 479 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.7 6.2 6.1

25 years and over

2,007 1,975 1,879 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8

25 to 54 years

1,617 1,484 1,420 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.9

25 to 34 years

712 651 618 4.1 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.6

35 to 44 years

486 493 424 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.5

45 to 54 years

419 341 377 2.8 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.5

55 years and over

400 502 462 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

921 942 966 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0

Married women, spouse present(1)

752 798 767 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0

Women who maintain families(2)

507 485 495 4.9 4.5 4.9 4.0 4.6 4.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

4,801 5,236 5,184 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7

Part-time workers(4)

1,200 1,286 1,112 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.0

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2022
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2,487 2,744 2,816 2,761 2,620 2,914 2,858 3,059 3,100

On temporary layoff

608 572 720 806 667 789 781 873 892

Not on temporary layoff

1,879 2,172 2,096 1,956 1,953 2,125 2,077 2,186 2,209

Permanent job losers

1,293 1,617 1,536 1,351 1,372 1,538 1,441 1,605 1,629

Persons who completed temporary jobs

585 555 560 605 581 587 636 581 580

Job leavers

818 823 810 829 852 801 797 800 820

Reentrants

1,688 1,895 1,660 1,798 1,853 1,930 2,043 1,884 1,782

New entrants

530 636 541 558 503 597 568 612 571

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

45.0 45.0 48.3 46.4 44.9 46.7 45.6 48.1 49.4

On temporary layoff

11.0 9.4 12.4 13.5 11.4 12.6 12.5 13.7 14.2

Not on temporary layoff

34.0 35.6 36.0 32.9 33.5 34.0 33.2 34.4 35.2

Job leavers

14.8 13.5 13.9 13.9 14.6 12.8 12.7 12.6 13.1

Reentrants

30.6 31.1 28.5 30.2 31.8 30.9 32.6 29.6 28.4

New entrants

9.6 10.4 9.3 9.4 8.6 9.6 9.1 9.6 9.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

Job leavers

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants

1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

New entrants

0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2022
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,051 2,104 1,873 2,244 2,004 2,221 2,051 2,268 2,068

5 to 14 weeks

1,562 1,726 1,939 1,694 1,698 1,877 2,044 1,836 2,080

15 weeks and over

1,910 2,268 2,016 2,036 2,161 2,298 2,288 2,363 2,145

15 to 26 weeks

716 975 897 821 997 1,002 1,072 1,081 994

27 weeks and over

1,194 1,292 1,119 1,215 1,164 1,296 1,216 1,282 1,150

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

22.0 22.2 19.9 21.4 20.6 20.4 21.5 21.6 19.4

Median duration, in weeks

8.7 9.1 9.3 8.8 8.7 8.7 9.2 8.9 9.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

37.1 34.5 32.1 37.6 34.2 34.7 32.1 35.1 32.9

5 to 14 weeks

28.3 28.3 33.3 28.4 29.0 29.3 32.0 28.4 33.1

15 weeks and over

34.6 37.2 34.6 34.1 36.9 35.9 35.8 36.5 34.1

15 to 26 weeks

13.0 16.0 15.4 13.7 17.0 15.7 16.8 16.7 15.8

27 weeks and over

21.6 21.2 19.2 20.3 19.9 20.3 19.1 19.8 18.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023

Total, 16 years and over(1)

158,749 162,149 5,523 5,827 3.4 3.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

69,156 71,350 1,247 1,301 1.8 1.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

29,811 31,091 584 533 1.9 1.7

Professional and related occupations

39,345 40,259 663 768 1.7 1.9

Service occupations

25,448 25,711 1,173 1,126 4.4 4.2

Sales and office occupations

29,983 30,174 1,019 1,123 3.3 3.6

Sales and related occupations

14,204 14,514 487 565 3.3 3.7

Office and administrative support occupations

15,779 15,660 532 559 3.3 3.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14,148 14,476 662 646 4.5 4.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

906 1,053 65 85 6.7 7.5

Construction and extraction occupations

8,499 8,545 467 462 5.2 5.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,744 4,878 130 99 2.7 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

20,014 20,439 871 1,079 4.2 5.0

Production occupations

8,243 8,432 254 306 3.0 3.5

Transportation and material moving occupations

11,771 12,007 617 773 5.0 6.0

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023

Total, 16 years and over(1)

5,523 5,827 3.4 3.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

4,253 4,676 3.3 3.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

19 13 3.1 2.2

Construction

393 496 3.9 4.8

Manufacturing

401 487 2.7 3.1

Durable goods

254 286 2.6 2.9

Nondurable goods

148 201 2.7 3.5

Wholesale and retail trade

666 735 3.5 3.6

Transportation and utilities

360 346 4.2 4.1

Information

57 100 2.1 3.7

Financial activities

200 232 1.9 2.3

Professional and business services

702 747 3.7 3.9

Education and health services

521 528 2.1 2.0

Leisure and hospitality

769 758 5.8 5.5

Other services

165 234 2.5 3.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

85 105 5.6 6.6

Government workers

332 305 1.5 1.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

323 201 3.2 2.0

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2022
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023
Nov.
2023

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

3.6 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

6.4 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023
Nov.
2022
Nov.
2023

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

100,436 99,845 41,542 41,646 58,894 58,199

Persons who currently want a job

5,211 5,006 2,570 2,371 2,642 2,635

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

1,501 1,625 751 867 750 757

Discouraged workers(2)

430 455 298 275 133 180

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,071 1,170 453 592 618 577

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,782 8,463 3,702 3,833 4,080 4,630

Percent of total employed

4.9 5.2 4.4 4.5 5.5 6.1

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

4,507 5,002 2,409 2,506 2,098 2,495

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,866 2,022 599 605 1,267 1,417

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

336 363 191 178 146 185

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,017 1,012 491 511 526 501

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)
Change from:
Oct.2023 - Nov.2023(p)

Total nonfarm

155,642 156,906 157,984 158,461 154,296 156,738 156,888 157,087 199

Total private

132,866 133,981 134,714 135,032 131,972 133,885 133,970 134,120 150

Goods-producing

21,501 21,805 21,808 21,742 21,425 21,643 21,633 21,662 29

Mining and logging

627 650 650 645 624 645 645 644 -1

Logging

45.9 48.2 48.1 45.8 45.6 47.3 47.2 45.5 -1.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

581.0 601.4 601.6 599.1 578.6 597.5 597.3 598.5 1.2

Oil and gas extraction

117.1 119.3 119.7 119.5 117.1 118.8 119.0 118.4 -0.6

Mining (except oil and gas)

187.9 189.2 188.3 187.8 187.1 186.9 186.6 187.1 0.5

Coal mining

41.0 41.3 41.0 40.9 41.1 41.4 41.0 41.0 0.0

Metal ore mining

43.1 44.1 44.0 44.3 43.3 44.2 44.1 44.6 0.5

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

103.8 103.8 103.3 102.6 102.6 101.4 101.5 101.5 0.0

Support activities for mining

276.0 292.9 293.6 291.8 274.4 291.8 291.7 293.0 1.3

Construction

7,900 8,160 8,194 8,103 7,833 8,006 8,031 8,033 2

Construction of buildings

1,782.3 1,824.0 1,842.2 1,827.0 1,772.9 1,808.5 1,818.5 1,815.7 -2.8

Residential building construction

934.2 936.4 948.9 938.8 929.0 931.1 935.4 933.7 -1.7

Nonresidential building construction

848.1 887.6 893.3 888.2 843.9 877.4 883.1 882.0 -1.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction

1,101.4 1,181.4 1,182.3 1,151.6 1,078.4 1,129.8 1,131.9 1,135.2 3.3

Specialty trade contractors

5,016.5 5,154.9 5,169.1 5,124.0 4,981.2 5,067.7 5,080.5 5,082.4 1.9

Residential specialty trade contractors

2,335.9 2,391.4 2,402.5 2,388.9 2,321.9 2,359.4 2,367.5 2,370.2 2.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,680.6 2,763.5 2,766.6 2,735.1 2,659.3 2,708.3 2,713.0 2,712.2 -0.8

Manufacturing

12,974 12,995 12,964 12,994 12,968 12,992 12,957 12,985 28

Durable goods

8,072 8,138 8,108 8,154 8,073 8,147 8,113 8,149 36

Wood product manufacturing

428.1 420.6 420.3 421.7 429.0 421.8 421.2 422.2 1.0

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

429.4 437.5 438.6 438.8 428.7 434.1 434.4 435.0 0.6

Primary metal manufacturing

366.4 369.3 368.4 367.0 365.6 370.4 369.4 368.2 -1.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

1,444.3 1,453.8 1,455.6 1,458.4 1,447.4 1,456.3 1,456.3 1,458.0 1.7

Machinery manufacturing

1,115.9 1,129.7 1,128.6 1,132.7 1,119.1 1,135.2 1,133.9 1,135.5 1.6

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

1,100.4 1,096.3 1,096.3 1,097.7 1,099.9 1,099.2 1,098.1 1,098.9 0.8

Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing

166.9 166.7 166.2 166.2 166.4 166.9 166.1 166.1 0.0

Communications equipment manufacturing

84.8 85.3 86.4 86.2 84.9 85.8 86.4 86.3 -0.1

Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing

392.9 382.8 382.3 383.8 393.4 384.5 383.6 384.2 0.6

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

423.1 428.2 428.5 428.7 422.9 428.8 429.0 429.5 0.5

Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing

32.7 33.3 32.9 32.8 32.3 33.2 32.9 32.8 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

404.5 406.0 406.3 406.6 405.1 406.5 407.3 407.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)

1,772.0 1,840.5 1,810.5 1,845.8 1,766.8 1,835.5 1,807.4 1,840.6 33.2

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

1,044.4 1,083.7 1,050.3 1,081.3 1,038.6 1,078.7 1,046.7 1,076.7 30.0

Furniture and related product manufacturing

375.9 355.2 355.2 356.9 376.6 358.0 356.9 356.2 -0.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing

634.8 628.8 628.4 628.2 634.9 629.9 628.1 627.0 -1.1

Nondurable goods

4,902 4,857 4,856 4,840 4,895 4,845 4,844 4,836 -8

Food manufacturing

1,719.7 1,726.9 1,732.4 1,727.1 1,714.5 1,719.5 1,724.5 1,723.7 -0.8

Textile mills

96.6 93.2 93.0 92.7 96.5 93.0 93.0 92.9 -0.1

Textile product mills

102.7 98.5 97.4 97.8 102.8 98.8 97.9 97.8 -0.1

Apparel manufacturing

94.7 90.9 90.7 90.1 93.8 91.1 90.7 90.0 -0.7

Paper manufacturing

360.7 346.9 347.3 348.0 360.9 347.8 348.1 347.6 -0.5

Printing and related support activities

384.3 371.1 372.9 373.6 381.2 372.3 372.2 371.2 -1.0

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

106.8 106.5 106.7 106.0 106.1 105.4 105.1 106.5 1.4

Chemical manufacturing

921.9 912.9 910.4 908.1 922.0 916.1 913.3 911.5 -1.8

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

757.0 741.9 739.3 737.3 759.7 742.5 739.4 736.0 -3.4

Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing

357.4 367.7 366.1 359.1 357.0 358.6 359.6 359.1 -0.5

Private service-providing

111,365 112,176 112,906 113,290 110,547 112,242 112,337 112,458 121

Trade, transportation, and utilities

29,272 28,723 28,963 29,371 28,731 28,873 28,868 28,833 -35

Wholesale trade

6,023.1 6,076.5 6,102.1 6,108.1 6,019.2 6,080.9 6,092.1 6,100.4 8.3

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods

3,320.2 3,362.9 3,374.0 3,381.0 3,324.2 3,367.7 3,374.3 3,380.0 5.7

Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods

2,176.4 2,184.4 2,194.3 2,194.5 2,170.8 2,184.3 2,186.7 2,189.7 3.0

Wholesale trade agents and brokers

526.5 529.2 533.8 532.6 524.2 528.9 531.1 530.7 -0.4

Retail trade

15,765.7 15,414.9 15,564.2 15,828.4 15,451.1 15,533.8 15,529.1 15,490.7 -38.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers

2,024.4 2,058.6 2,063.3 2,062.3 2,025.4 2,054.1 2,059.0 2,059.8 0.8

Automobile dealers

1,260.8 1,267.4 1,273.2 1,276.3 1,261.2 1,267.2 1,273.0 1,275.1 2.1

Other motor vehicle dealers

174.7 177.4 174.5 168.3 178.4 175.5 174.0 172.1 -1.9

Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers

588.9 613.8 615.6 617.7 585.8 611.4 611.9 612.6 0.7

Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers

1,395.0 1,356.3 1,349.0 1,344.2 1,421.8 1,371.9 1,368.9 1,365.3 -3.6

Food and beverage retailers

3,244.1 3,230.3 3,249.9 3,281.8 3,219.3 3,249.9 3,253.3 3,255.8 2.5

Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers

900.6 837.7 845.5 855.6 881.2 844.9 840.9 835.1 -5.8

Furniture and home furnishings retailers

458.4 428.9 437.5 444.3 447.3 434.3 435.3 431.1 -4.2

Electronics and appliance retailers

442.2 408.8 408.0 411.3 425.7 409.4 404.2 402.2 -2.0

General merchandise retailers

3,228.4 3,124.3 3,192.3 3,300.8 3,051.8 3,169.4 3,167.2 3,142.4 -24.8

Department stores

1,009.8 927.2 957.7 1,007.9 915.7 948.9 945.9 926.5 -19.4

Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers

2,218.6 2,197.1 2,234.6 2,292.9 2,136.1 2,220.5 2,221.4 2,215.9 -5.5

Health and personal care retailers

1,131.9 1,090.2 1,105.6 1,120.2 1,110.4 1,100.2 1,099.4 1,096.9 -2.5

Gasoline stations and fuel dealers

1,052.8 1,082.0 1,076.6 1,081.5 1,051.1 1,077.9 1,074.3 1,076.0 1.7

Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers

1,204.0 1,112.9 1,139.1 1,202.0 1,151.0 1,132.6 1,133.0 1,127.4 -5.6

Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers

1,584.5 1,522.6 1,542.9 1,580.0 1,539.1 1,532.9 1,533.1 1,532.0 -1.1

Transportation and warehousing

6,926.8 6,672.4 6,735.7 6,872.9 6,704.6 6,698.2 6,685.8 6,680.8 -5.0

Air transportation

519.3 552.7 555.0 556.2 520.7 551.4 554.3 558.4 4.1

Rail transportation

148.4 150.2 150.1 150.1 148.4 150.0 149.9 149.6 -0.3

Water transportation

63.3 70.7 70.5 67.2 64.8 68.8 69.6 68.7 -0.9

Truck transportation

1,616.4 1,589.7 1,591.9 1,591.8 1,605.5 1,584.2 1,580.6 1,581.3 0.7

Transit and ground passenger transportation

439.6 451.0 455.0 452.5 422.7 435.2 435.5 436.2 0.7

Pipeline transportation

48.2 48.3 47.8 48.1 48.2 48.5 47.9 48.0 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

28.9 41.6 37.2 33.8 32.0 36.6 36.1 36.7 0.6

Support activities for transportation

814.1 818.1 818.7 817.2 805.7 815.8 813.9 811.8 -2.1

Couriers and messengers

1,263.8 1,079.6 1,109.3 1,237.3 1,121.0 1,125.6 1,128.9 1,129.1 0.2

Warehousing and storage

1,984.8 1,870.5 1,900.2 1,918.7 1,935.6 1,882.1 1,869.1 1,861.0 -8.1

Utilities

555.9 559.3 561.3 561.6 556.0 560.4 561.0 561.1 0.1

Information

3,145 3,037 3,026 3,048 3,129 3,034 3,015 3,025 10

Motion picture and sound recording industries

487.7 431.5 435.6 462.6 477.8 433.1 427.6 444.8 17.2

Publishing industries

954.3 935.8 919.8 913.5 953.5 930.1 919.2 914.0 -5.2

Broadcasting and content providers

359.3 346.4 350.1 349.0 357.3 347.3 349.3 347.2 -2.1

Telecommunications

662.3 638.8 634.9 636.0 661.2 638.3 635.4 634.8 -0.6

Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services

480.9 494.6 494.1 494.1 479.7 494.4 493.1 493.7 0.6

Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services

200.8 190.3 191.8 192.4 199.8 190.7 190.6 190.4 -0.2

Financial activities

9,116 9,151 9,173 9,172 9,097 9,153 9,148 9,152 4

Finance and insurance

6,710.0 6,700.9 6,715.5 6,714.8 6,697.0 6,715.1 6,706.9 6,702.8 -4.1

Monetary authorities-central bank

21.7 22.0 21.9 21.9 21.8 22.0 21.9 22.0 0.1

Credit intermediation and related
activities

2,684.3 2,642.7 2,636.4 2,629.6 2,685.2 2,648.3 2,638.4 2,630.2 -8.2

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,779.4 1,771.7 1,767.2 1,767.1 1,780.8 1,778.3 1,772.6 1,769.3 -3.3

Commercial banking

1,374.4 1,361.0 1,355.1 1,354.4 1,376.1 1,366.4 1,360.3 1,357.0 -3.3

Nondepository credit intermediation

581.6 561.0 560.5 556.3 581.1 560.4 557.8 554.7 -3.1

Activities related to credit intermediation

323.3 310.0 308.7 306.2 323.3 309.6 308.1 306.1 -2.0

Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities

1,070.9 1,084.3 1,096.1 1,097.9 1,068.1 1,089.4 1,092.6 1,095.1 2.5

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,933.1 2,951.9 2,961.1 2,965.4 2,921.9 2,955.4 2,954.0 2,955.5 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,405.7 2,449.7 2,457.9 2,456.9 2,399.8 2,438.2 2,441.2 2,449.6 8.4

Real estate

1,850.6 1,854.2 1,871.6 1,875.9 1,841.9 1,853.3 1,857.0 1,863.8 6.8

Rental and leasing services

532.4 572.9 563.4 558.1 535.4 562.2 561.5 563.0 1.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)

22.7 22.6 22.9 22.9 22.5 22.7 22.7 22.8 0.1

Professional and business services

23,028 23,047 23,266 23,231 22,791 22,978 22,980 22,971 -9

Professional, scientific, and technical services

10,714.5 10,849.4 10,963.1 10,994.0 10,684.8 10,927.2 10,938.7 10,955.2 16.5

Legal services

1,186.8 1,175.4 1,189.3 1,194.5 1,180.1 1,182.4 1,183.4 1,186.7 3.3

Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services

1,109.3 1,105.4 1,118.9 1,132.0 1,133.0 1,155.9 1,154.4 1,151.9 -2.5

Architectural, engineering, and related services

1,643.9 1,687.5 1,697.5 1,698.5 1,638.9 1,684.7 1,687.7 1,693.6 5.9

Specialized design services

156.6 159.6 161.6 161.2 154.9 160.2 160.5 159.7 -0.8

Computer systems design and related services

2,504.3 2,499.2 2,530.4 2,537.2 2,489.6 2,514.8 2,519.0 2,521.9 2.9

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services

1,841.2 1,886.2 1,911.0 1,910.6 1,823.2 1,889.5 1,889.9 1,892.8 2.9

Scientific research and development services

910.4 945.7 946.8 950.8 910.7 948.5 947.1 951.3 4.2

Advertising, public relations, and related services

493.5 499.4 506.1 507.6 493.6 500.3 503.3 504.5 1.2

Other professional, scientific, and technical services

868.5 891.0 901.5 901.6 860.9 890.9 893.4 893.0 -0.4

Management of companies and enterprises

2,509.8 2,525.3 2,525.8 2,524.0 2,507.9 2,527.0 2,525.5 2,522.9 -2.6

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

9,804.1 9,671.9 9,777.1 9,713.0 9,598.0 9,524.1 9,515.6 9,493.3 -22.3

Administrative and support services

9,315.6 9,170.1 9,277.0 9,210.3 9,114.0 9,026.2 9,018.4 8,993.3 -25.1

Office administrative services

609.5 630.9 638.3 640.6 609.0 629.2 633.7 637.6 3.9

Facilities support services

159.2 166.8 166.7 166.3 157.9 165.4 165.3 165.7 0.4

Employment services(1)

4,023.9 3,750.1 3,858.5 3,842.4 3,875.9 3,693.4 3,684.9 3,660.3 -24.6

Temporary help services

3,222.3 2,974.4 3,072.0 3,056.8 3,092.9 2,928.5 2,928.7 2,915.1 -13.6

Business support services

785.0 741.5 744.8 751.9 765.6 745.6 739.3 735.0 -4.3

Travel arrangement and reservation services

176.5 187.1 187.5 187.8 177.2 185.8 186.2 188.5 2.3

Investigation and security services

976.5 985.8 989.2 993.4 969.4 983.0 984.9 987.2 2.3

Services to buildings and dwellings

2,245.6 2,359.6 2,337.5 2,273.3 2,220.8 2,279.9 2,276.0 2,267.6 -8.4

Other support services

339.4 348.3 354.5 354.6 338.2 344.0 348.1 351.3 3.2

Waste management and remediation services

488.5 501.8 500.1 502.7 484.0 497.9 497.2 500.0 2.8

Private education and health services

25,024 25,572 25,902 26,069 24,756 25,611 25,694 25,793 99

Private educational services

4,043.1 3,942.8 4,099.2 4,136.5 3,859.2 3,943.0 3,950.7 3,956.4 5.7

Health care and social assistance

20,981.2 21,629.5 21,803.1 21,932.6 20,897.1 21,668.1 21,743.2 21,836.4 93.2

Health care(3)

16,607.0 17,071.4 17,185.4 17,286.6 16,543.3 17,077.4 17,137.1 17,213.9 76.8

Ambulatory health care services

8,288.3 8,492.6 8,570.2 8,621.2 8,250.3 8,510.4 8,540.4 8,576.2 35.8

Offices of physicians

2,860.1 2,929.3 2,958.1 2,978.1 2,847.4 2,934.6 2,945.8 2,959.4 13.6

Offices of dentists

1,033.8 1,036.6 1,037.1 1,041.5 1,029.2 1,040.3 1,036.7 1,039.8 3.1

Offices of other health practitioners

1,114.0 1,146.0 1,160.2 1,166.1 1,108.8 1,149.4 1,154.3 1,158.9 4.6

Outpatient care centers

1,054.6 1,063.6 1,074.6 1,083.7 1,051.3 1,067.0 1,074.4 1,079.6 5.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories

320.8 325.3 325.3 328.6 320.4 326.6 325.1 328.2 3.1

Home health care services

1,570.2 1,648.6 1,670.3 1,678.3 1,558.9 1,649.8 1,659.7 1,665.6 5.9

Other ambulatory health care services

334.8 343.2 344.6 344.9 334.4 342.7 344.3 344.7 0.4

Hospitals

5,247.3 5,385.1 5,407.4 5,436.4 5,229.3 5,374.9 5,395.5 5,419.2 23.7

Nursing and residential care facilities

3,071.4 3,193.7 3,207.8 3,229.0 3,063.7 3,192.1 3,201.2 3,218.5 17.3

Skilled nursing care facilities

1,375.1 1,431.2 1,439.2 1,445.6 1,369.6 1,428.9 1,432.4 1,438.1 5.7

Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities

620.5 644.4 645.7 649.7 619.7 643.6 645.0 649.3 4.3

Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly

920.8 961.3 965.3 975.9 920.0 962.6 966.3 973.9 7.6

Other residential care facilities

155.0 156.8 157.6 157.8 154.4 157.0 157.4 157.2 -0.2

Social assistance

4,374.2 4,558.1 4,617.7 4,646.0 4,353.8 4,590.7 4,606.1 4,622.5 16.4

Individual and family services

2,905.9 3,058.1 3,095.6 3,109.5 2,895.9 3,077.3 3,087.6 3,096.2 8.6

Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services

207.1 217.4 220.3 223.5 206.2 220.2 221.2 222.0 0.8

Vocational rehabilitation services

273.1 282.1 284.7 286.1 272.6 283.1 283.6 284.8 1.2

Child care services

988.1 1,000.5 1,017.1 1,026.9 979.0 1,010.1 1,013.7 1,019.4 5.7

Leisure and hospitality

15,998 16,775 16,688 16,508 16,258 16,705 16,747 16,787 40

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2,248.5 2,514.7 2,473.6 2,360.5 2,380.2 2,482.0 2,506.7 2,507.5 0.8

Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries

495.4 580.5 580.5 553.5 510.3 553.4 568.1 564.8 -3.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

164.5 176.0 176.4 172.7 165.5 174.0 174.5 175.1 0.6

Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries

1,588.6 1,758.2 1,716.7 1,634.3 1,704.4 1,754.6 1,764.1 1,767.6 3.5

Accommodation and food services

13,749.3 14,260.4 14,214.2 14,147.1 13,877.6 14,223.0 14,239.8 14,279.2 39.4

Accommodation

1,772.7 1,908.0 1,879.4 1,833.5 1,834.5 1,886.1 1,893.4 1,894.5 1.1

Food services and drinking places

11,976.6 12,352.4 12,334.8 12,313.6 12,043.1 12,336.9 12,346.4 12,384.7 38.3

Other services

5,782 5,871 5,888 5,891 5,785 5,888 5,885 5,897 12

Repair and maintenance

1,418.7 1,456.1 1,464.7 1,459.4 1,414.1 1,456.6 1,458.2 1,459.8 1.6

Personal and laundry services

1,515.5 1,546.9 1,553.0 1,555.2 1,517.9 1,553.6 1,549.8 1,553.9 4.1

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations

2,847.6 2,867.6 2,869.9 2,876.3 2,853.2 2,877.4 2,877.4 2,883.3 5.9

Government

22,776 22,925 23,270 23,429 22,324 22,853 22,918 22,967 49

Federal

2,884 2,960 2,959 2,968 2,873 2,949 2,953 2,953 0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,281.0 2,357.5 2,354.0 2,360.7 2,276.5 2,342.1 2,345.7 2,350.3 4.6

U.S. Postal Service

603.2 602.5 605.4 607.0 596.6 606.4 607.1 603.0 -4.1

State government

5,290 5,373 5,482 5,529 5,116 5,288 5,317 5,334 17

State government education

2,633.8 2,641.4 2,744.5 2,781.0 2,453.1 2,561.7 2,579.3 2,585.1 5.8

State government, excluding education

2,656.3 2,731.7 2,737.6 2,747.7 2,663.2 2,726.4 2,738.1 2,748.4 10.3

Local government

14,602 14,592 14,829 14,932 14,335 14,616 14,648 14,680 32

Local government education

8,136.0 7,955.4 8,212.8 8,304.3 7,848.3 7,971.7 7,993.4 8,007.4 14.0

Local government, excluding education

6,466.3 6,636.3 6,616.3 6,627.4 6,486.6 6,644.0 6,654.6 6,672.3 17.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4

Goods-producing

39.8 39.9 39.9 39.9

Mining and logging

46.3 44.9 44.6 45.2

Construction

38.5 39.1 39.2 39.3

Manufacturing

40.2 40.1 40.0 40.0

Durable goods

40.6 40.6 40.5 40.4

Nondurable goods

39.6 39.2 39.3 39.4

Private service-providing

33.4 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.2 33.9 33.9 34.1

Wholesale trade

38.8 38.8 38.6 38.8

Retail trade

30.3 29.8 29.8 30.3

Transportation and warehousing

38.4 38.2 38.3 38.1

Utilities

42.1 41.7 42.0 41.8

Information

36.7 36.3 36.2 36.0

Financial activities

37.4 37.4 37.4 37.4

Professional and business services

36.5 36.5 36.4 36.5

Private education and health services

33.4 33.3 33.3 33.2

Leisure and hospitality

25.5 25.6 25.5 25.5

Other services

32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9

Durable goods

3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0

Nondurable goods

2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)

Total private

$32.80 $33.91 $33.98 $34.10 $1,131.60 $1,166.50 $1,165.51 $1,173.04

Goods-producing

33.00 34.46 34.57 34.76 1,313.40 1,374.95 1,379.34 1,386.92

Mining and logging

36.45 38.68 38.58 38.60 1,687.64 1,736.73 1,720.67 1,744.72

Construction

35.43 36.84 37.00 37.18 1,364.06 1,440.44 1,450.40 1,461.17

Manufacturing

31.40 32.80 32.87 33.07 1,262.28 1,315.28 1,314.80 1,322.80

Durable goods

32.98 34.35 34.50 34.69 1,338.99 1,394.61 1,397.25 1,401.48

Nondurable goods

28.74 30.09 30.05 30.28 1,138.10 1,179.53 1,180.97 1,193.03

Private service-providing

32.76 33.78 33.85 33.95 1,094.18 1,124.87 1,127.21 1,130.54

Trade, transportation, and utilities

28.17 29.25 29.24 29.34 963.41 991.58 991.24 1,000.49

Wholesale trade

35.68 37.16 36.95 37.23 1,384.38 1,441.81 1,426.27 1,444.52

Retail trade

23.46 24.05 24.05 24.14 710.84 716.69 716.69 731.44

Transportation and warehousing

28.11 29.46 29.60 29.66 1,079.42 1,125.37 1,133.68 1,130.05

Utilities

48.14 50.01 50.20 50.44 2,026.69 2,085.42 2,108.40 2,108.39

Information

47.46 48.29 48.33 48.56 1,741.78 1,752.93 1,749.55 1,748.16

Financial activities

42.13 44.17 44.22 44.44 1,575.66 1,651.96 1,653.83 1,662.06

Professional and business services

39.40 40.71 40.87 41.03 1,438.10 1,485.92 1,487.67 1,497.60

Private education and health services

32.47 33.18 33.25 33.28 1,084.50 1,104.89 1,107.23 1,104.90

Leisure and hospitality

20.61 21.29 21.42 21.55 525.56 545.02 546.21 549.53

Other services

29.41 30.14 30.26 30.27 947.00 973.52 977.40 977.72

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)
Percent change from:
Oct.
2023 - Nov.
2023(p)
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)
Percent change from:
Oct.
2023 - Nov.
2023(p)

Total private

114.3 115.6 115.4 115.8 0.3 179.2 187.4 187.4 188.8 0.7

Goods-producing

97.1 98.4 98.3 98.5 0.2 144.9 153.2 153.7 154.7 0.7

Mining and logging

90.8 91.0 90.4 91.5 1.2 132.9 141.3 140.0 141.8 1.3

Construction

104.0 107.9 108.5 108.8 0.3 160.0 172.7 174.5 175.8 0.7

Manufacturing

93.8 93.7 93.2 93.4 0.2 136.9 143.0 142.5 143.7 0.8

Durable goods

92.3 93.1 92.5 92.7 0.2 135.2 142.1 141.7 142.8 0.8

Nondurable goods

96.8 94.8 95.0 95.1 0.1 141.1 144.7 144.9 146.1 0.8

Private service-providing

118.9 120.3 120.4 120.6 0.2 189.3 197.6 198.2 199.0 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

107.4 106.9 106.9 107.4 0.5 163.1 168.7 168.6 170.0 0.8

Wholesale trade

103.0 104.1 103.7 104.4 0.7 153.8 161.8 160.3 162.6 1.4

Retail trade

95.3 94.2 94.2 95.5 1.4 147.8 149.8 149.8 152.5 1.8

Transportation and warehousing

147.9 147.0 147.1 146.3 -0.5 211.5 220.3 221.6 220.7 -0.4

Utilities

101.3 101.1 101.9 101.5 -0.4 161.1 167.1 169.1 169.1 0.0

Information

104.9 100.6 99.7 99.5 -0.2 177.2 173.0 171.6 172.0 0.2

Financial activities

111.5 112.1 112.1 112.1 0.0 183.1 193.2 193.3 194.4 0.6

Professional and business services

130.1 131.2 130.9 131.2 0.2 207.7 216.4 216.6 218.0 0.6

Private education and health services

135.0 139.3 139.7 139.8 0.1 210.9 222.3 223.5 223.9 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

118.3 122.0 121.8 122.1 0.2 196.7 209.6 210.6 212.4 0.9

Other services

107.4 109.7 109.6 109.8 0.2 173.1 181.1 181.8 182.2 0.2

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)

Total nonfarm

76,844 78,118 78,248 78,358 49.8 49.8 49.9 49.9

Total private

63,848 64,799 64,890 64,965 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing

4,955 4,997 4,998 5,005 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1

Mining and logging

80 83 85 86 12.8 12.9 13.2 13.4

Construction

1,110 1,139 1,145 1,150 14.2 14.2 14.3 14.3

Manufacturing

3,765 3,775 3,768 3,769 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.0

Durable goods

2,008 2,027 2,022 2,024 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.8

Nondurable goods

1,757 1,748 1,746 1,745 35.9 36.1 36.0 36.1

Private service-providing

58,893 59,802 59,892 59,960 53.3 53.3 53.3 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

11,309 11,278 11,276 11,258 39.4 39.1 39.1 39.0

Wholesale trade

1,833.5 1,862.2 1,869.3 1,867.3 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.6

Retail trade

7,504.3 7,479.2 7,479.4 7,464.7 48.6 48.1 48.2 48.2

Transportation and warehousing

1,828.7 1,788.6 1,779.1 1,777.0 27.3 26.7 26.6 26.6

Utilities

142.8 147.6 148.3 149.1 25.7 26.3 26.4 26.6

Information

1,262 1,238 1,233 1,232 40.3 40.8 40.9 40.7

Financial activities

5,069 5,096 5,098 5,104 55.7 55.7 55.7 55.8

Professional and business services

10,508 10,582 10,583 10,561 46.1 46.1 46.1 46.0

Private education and health services

19,059 19,671 19,744 19,809 77.0 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality

8,595 8,786 8,803 8,834 52.9 52.6 52.6 52.6

Other services

3,091 3,151 3,155 3,162 53.4 53.5 53.6 53.6

Government

12,996 13,319 13,358 13,393 58.2 58.3 58.3 58.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)

Total private

107,392 108,961 108,990 109,156

Goods-producing

15,370 15,468 15,432 15,464

Mining and logging

467 498 497 497

Construction

5,789 5,868 5,875 5,880

Manufacturing

9,114 9,102 9,060 9,087

Durable goods

5,608 5,615 5,575 5,606

Nondurable goods

3,506 3,487 3,485 3,481

Private service-providing

92,022 93,493 93,558 93,692

Trade, transportation, and utilities

24,183 24,348 24,345 24,297

Wholesale trade

4,778.0 4,801.7 4,808.6 4,810.8

Retail trade

13,119.4 13,259.0 13,254.8 13,217.9

Transportation and warehousing

5,843.5 5,841.2 5,833.9 5,820.4

Utilities

442.2 446.0 447.4 447.9

Information

2,488 2,422 2,415 2,424

Financial activities

6,857 6,862 6,869 6,877

Professional and business services

18,171 18,172 18,151 18,140

Private education and health services

21,534 22,296 22,369 22,461

Leisure and hospitality

14,086 14,591 14,608 14,686

Other services

4,703 4,802 4,801 4,807

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.9 33.8 33.7 33.8

Goods-producing

40.4 40.5 40.6 40.6

Mining and logging

47.3 47.9 47.8 48.5

Construction

39.2 39.7 39.9 40.0

Manufacturing

40.8 40.7 40.7 40.6

Durable goods

41.1 40.9 40.9 40.7

Nondurable goods

40.4 40.4 40.4 40.2

Private service-providing

32.9 32.7 32.6 32.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.2 34.0 33.9 34.0

Wholesale trade

38.9 38.8 38.5 38.7

Retail trade

30.5 30.5 30.3 30.5

Transportation and warehousing

37.9 37.5 37.6 37.4

Utilities

42.7 42.0 42.1 42.0

Information

36.5 35.9 36.0 35.6

Financial activities

37.0 36.9 36.6 36.8

Professional and business services

36.3 36.3 36.2 36.3

Private education and health services

32.6 32.4 32.4 32.4

Leisure and hospitality

24.5 24.4 24.2 24.3

Other services

31.1 31.3 31.2 31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.7 3.6 3.4 3.4

Durable goods

3.9 3.7 3.5 3.4

Nondurable goods

3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)

Total private

$28.09 $29.08 $29.18 $29.30 $952.25 $982.90 $983.37 $990.34

Goods-producing

28.58 29.90 29.97 30.20 1,154.63 1,210.95 1,216.78 1,226.12

Mining and logging

33.26 35.08 34.67 34.60 1,573.20 1,680.33 1,657.23 1,678.10

Construction

33.00 34.54 34.69 34.96 1,293.60 1,371.24 1,384.13 1,398.40

Manufacturing

25.60 26.64 26.67 26.87 1,044.48 1,084.25 1,085.47 1,090.92

Durable goods

26.87 27.79 27.85 28.01 1,104.36 1,136.61 1,139.07 1,140.01

Nondurable goods

23.53 24.77 24.76 25.03 950.61 1,000.71 1,000.30 1,006.21

Private service-providing

27.99 28.91 29.02 29.11 920.87 945.36 946.05 948.99

Trade, transportation, and utilities

24.47 25.40 25.43 25.48 836.87 863.60 862.08 866.32

Wholesale trade

29.76 30.60 30.60 30.72 1,157.66 1,187.28 1,178.10 1,188.86

Retail trade

20.04 20.63 20.61 20.65 611.22 629.22 624.48 629.83

Transportation and warehousing

26.44 28.13 28.22 28.26 1,002.08 1,054.88 1,061.07 1,056.92

Utilities

43.09 44.58 44.83 45.03 1,839.94 1,872.36 1,887.34 1,891.26

Information

38.56 39.80 39.50 39.97 1,407.44 1,428.82 1,422.00 1,422.93

Financial activities

32.75 34.30 34.54 34.86 1,211.75 1,265.67 1,264.16 1,282.85

Professional and business services

33.13 34.40 34.51 34.64 1,202.62 1,248.72 1,249.26 1,257.43

Private education and health services

29.57 30.30 30.41 30.40 963.98 981.72 985.28 984.96

Leisure and hospitality

18.24 18.88 19.06 19.25 446.88 460.67 461.25 467.78

Other services

25.26 25.95 26.06 26.12 785.59 812.24 813.07 814.94

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)
Percent change from:
Oct.
2023 - Nov.
2023(p)
Nov.
2022
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)
Percent change from:
Oct.
2023 - Nov.
2023(p)

Total private

121.3 122.7 122.4 122.9 0.4 227.8 238.5 238.7 240.8 0.9

Goods-producing

94.9 95.7 95.7 95.9 0.2 166.1 175.3 175.7 177.4 1.0

Mining and logging

117.4 126.8 126.2 128.1 1.5 227.1 258.6 254.6 257.8 1.3

Construction

113.6 116.6 117.4 117.8 0.3 202.5 217.5 219.9 222.3 1.1

Manufacturing

85.4 85.0 84.6 84.7 0.1 142.9 148.2 147.6 148.8 0.8

Durable goods

86.6 86.3 85.7 85.7 0.0 145.3 149.7 148.9 149.9 0.7

Nondurable goods

83.5 83.0 83.0 82.4 -0.7 138.8 145.3 145.1 145.8 0.5

Private service-providing

129.0 130.3 130.0 130.1 0.1 247.6 258.3 258.7 259.8 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

115.8 115.9 115.5 115.6 0.1 202.5 210.4 210.0 210.6 0.3

Wholesale trade

110.3 110.6 109.9 110.5 0.5 193.8 199.7 198.4 200.3 1.0

Retail trade

101.5 102.5 101.8 102.2 0.4 174.3 181.4 180.0 181.0 0.6

Transportation and warehousing

167.6 165.8 166.0 164.7 -0.8 282.1 296.8 298.2 296.3 -0.6