Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until                       USDL-23-2530
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, December 8, 2023

Technical information: 
 Household data:     (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	     (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                          THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- NOVEMBER 2023


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 199,000 in November, and the unemployment rate
edged down to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains 
occurred in health care and government. Employment also increased in manufacturing, reflecting 
the return of workers from a strike. Employment in retail trade declined.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures 
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment 
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about 
the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate edged down to 3.7 percent in November, and the number of unemployed 
persons showed little change at 6.3 million. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for teenagers (11.4 percent) edged down 
in November. The jobless rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), Whites 
(3.3 percent), Blacks (5.8 percent), Asians (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.6 percent) showed
little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

In November, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) edged 
down to 1.2 million. These individuals accounted for 18.3 percent of all unemployed persons. 
(See table A-12.)

The employment-population ratio increased by 0.3 percentage point to 60.5 percent in November. 
The labor force participation rate was little changed at 62.8 percent and has been essentially 
flat since August. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons decreased by 295,000 to 4.0 
million in November. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were 
working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time 
jobs. (See table A-8.)

In November, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.3
million, little different from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as 
unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the 
survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached 
to the labor force changed little at 1.6 million in November. These individuals wanted and were 
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked 
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was 421,000 in November,
essentially unchanged from the previous month. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 199,000 in November. Employment growth is below the
average monthly gain of 240,000 over the prior 12 months but is in line with job growth in recent 
months. In November, job gains occurred in health care and government. Employment also increased 
in manufacturing, reflecting the return of workers from a strike. Employment in retail trade 
declined. (See table B-1.)

In November, health care added 77,000 jobs, above the average monthly gain of 54,000 over the 
prior 12 months. Over the month, job gains continued in ambulatory health care services (+36,000),
hospitals (+24,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+17,000). 

Government employment increased by 49,000 in November, in line with the average monthly gain of 
55,000 over the prior 12 months. Employment continued to trend up in local government (+32,000) 
and state government (+17,000) over the month.

Employment in manufacturing rose by 28,000 in November, reflecting an increase of 30,000 in 
motor vehicles and parts as workers returned from a strike. Employment in manufacturing has
shown little net change over the year.

In November, employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up (+40,000), almost
entirely in food services and drinking places. Leisure and hospitality had added an average of
51,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. 

Employment in social assistance continued to trend up in November (+16,000). The industry had 
added an average of 23,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment
continued to trend up in individual and family services (+9,000). 

Retail trade employment declined by 38,000 in November and has shown little net change over the 
year. Employment decreased in department stores (-19,000) and in furniture, home furnishings, 
electronics, and appliance retailers (-6,000) over the month. 

In November, employment in information changed little (+10,000). Motion picture and sound 
recording industries added 17,000 jobs, mostly reflecting the resolution of labor disputes in 
the industry. Overall, employment in the information industry has declined by 104,000 since
reaching a peak in November 2022. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in November (-5,000). A job loss 
in warehousing and storage (-8,000) was partially offset by a gain in air transportation 
(+4,000). Employment in transportation and warehousing has declined by 61,000 since a peak
in October 2022. 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; wholesale trade; financial activities; 
professional and business services; and other services.

In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 
cents, or 0.4 percent, to $34.10. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have 
increased by 4.0 percent. In November, average hourly earnings of private-sector production 
and nonsupervisory employees rose by 12 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $29.30. (See tables B-3 and 
B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 
34.4 hours in November. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.0 hours, 
and overtime remained at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 
employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised down by 35,000, from 
+297,000 to +262,000, and the change for October remained at +150,000. With these revisions, 
employment in September and October combined is 35,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly 
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since 
the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for December is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 5, 2024, 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

  _________________________________________________________________________________________ 
 |											   |
 |                    Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data		   |
 |											   |
 |  In accordance with usual practice, The Employment Situation news release for December  |
 |  2023, scheduled for January 5, 2024, will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally   |
 |  adjusted household survey data. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years   |
 |  are subject to revision.                                                               |
 |_________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Change from: Oct. 2023- Nov. 2023
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	264,708	267,428	267,642	267,822	180
Civilian labor force	164,527	167,929	167,728	168,260	532
Participation rate	62.2	62.8	62.7	62.8	0.1
Employed	158,527	161,570	161,222	161,969	747
Employment-population ratio	59.9	60.4	60.2	60.5	0.3
Unemployed	6,000	6,360	6,506	6,291	-215
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Not in labor force	100,181	99,498	99,914	99,562	-352
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.3	3.8	3.7	3.7	0.0
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	11.3	11.6	13.2	11.4	-1.8
White	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Black or African American	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.8	0.0
Asian	2.6	2.8	3.1	3.5	0.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.0	4.6	4.8	4.6	-0.2
Total, 25 years and over	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.1	0.0
Less than a high school diploma	4.4	5.5	5.8	6.3	0.5
High school graduates, no college	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.1	0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.2	3.0	3.1	2.8	-0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1	0.0
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,761	2,858	3,059	3,100	41
Job leavers	829	797	800	820	20
Reentrants	1,798	2,043	1,884	1,782	-102
New entrants	558	568	612	571	-41
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,244	2,051	2,268	2,068	-200
5 to 14 weeks	1,694	2,044	1,836	2,080	244
15 to 26 weeks	821	1,072	1,081	994	-87
27 weeks and over	1,215	1,216	1,282	1,150	-132
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	3,688	4,065	4,283	3,988	-295
Slack work or business conditions	2,546	2,793	2,982	2,793	-189
Could only find part-time work	826	938	1,002	932	-70
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,226	22,152	21,539	21,862	323
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,491	1,457	1,417	1,585	168
Discouraged workers	406	367	416	421	5
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	290	262	150	199
Total private	228	199	85	150
Goods-producing	41	21	-10	29
Mining and logging	8	1	0	-1
Construction	19	9	25	2
Manufacturing	14	11	-35	28
Durable goods(1)	14	10	-34	36
Motor vehicles and parts	5.7	9.2	-32.0	30.0
Nondurable goods	0	1	-1	-8
Private service-providing	187	178	95	121
Wholesale trade	-0.4	15.6	11.2	8.3
Retail trade	-45.6	1.7	-4.7	-38.4
Transportation and warehousing	-37.1	12.4	-12.4	-5.0
Utilities	-0.9	2.0	0.6	0.1
Information	13	-6	-19	10
Financial activities	11	0	-5	4
Professional and business services(1)	0	-17	2	-9
Temporary help services	-48.5	-22.3	0.2	-13.6
Private education and health services(1)	95	86	83	99
Health care and social assistance	82.6	85.6	75.1	93.2
Leisure and hospitality	123	76	42	40
Other services	29	8	-3	12
Government	62	63	65	49
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	321	221	192	204
Total private	290	153	133	145
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.8	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.4	81.4	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.5	34.4	34.3	34.4
Average hourly earnings	$32.80	$33.91	$33.98	$34.10
Average weekly earnings	$1,131.60	$1,166.50	$1,165.51	$1,173.04
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	114.3	115.6	115.4	115.8
Over-the-month percent change	-0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	179.2	187.4	187.4	188.8
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.4	0.0	0.7
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	63.4	57.8	52.2	54.6
Manufacturing (72 industries)	59.7	47.2	44.4	48.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 666,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	264,708	267,642	267,822	264,708	267,002	267,213	267,428	267,642	267,822
Civilian labor force	164,272	167,774	167,977	164,527	167,103	167,839	167,929	167,728	168,260
Participation rate	62.1	62.7	62.7	62.2	62.6	62.8	62.8	62.7	62.8
Employed	158,749	161,676	162,149	158,527	161,262	161,484	161,570	161,222	161,969
Employment-population ratio	60.0	60.4	60.5	59.9	60.4	60.4	60.4	60.2	60.5
Unemployed	5,523	6,098	5,827	6,000	5,841	6,355	6,360	6,506	6,291
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.7
Not in labor force	100,436	99,868	99,845	100,181	99,899	99,374	99,498	99,914	99,562
Persons who currently want a job	5,211	5,037	5,006	5,528	5,247	5,370	5,450	5,373	5,324
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,983	130,816	130,903	128,983	130,507	130,608	130,713	130,816	130,903
Civilian labor force	87,441	88,730	89,258	87,793	88,695	89,082	89,331	88,871	89,592
Participation rate	67.8	67.8	68.2	68.1	68.0	68.2	68.3	67.9	68.4
Employed	84,455	85,384	85,910	84,557	85,492	85,493	85,633	85,217	86,010
Employment-population ratio	65.5	65.3	65.6	65.6	65.5	65.5	65.5	65.1	65.7
Unemployed	2,986	3,345	3,347	3,236	3,203	3,589	3,697	3,654	3,582
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.6	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0
Not in labor force	41,542	42,087	41,646	41,189	41,811	41,527	41,382	41,945	41,312
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	120,301	122,029	122,111	120,301	121,735	121,832	121,931	122,029	122,111
Civilian labor force	84,329	85,542	86,094	84,525	85,739	85,934	86,130	85,597	86,293
Participation rate	70.1	70.1	70.5	70.3	70.4	70.5	70.6	70.1	70.7
Employed	81,731	82,663	83,128	81,698	82,922	82,777	82,837	82,423	83,114
Employment-population ratio	67.9	67.7	68.1	67.9	68.1	67.9	67.9	67.5	68.1
Unemployed	2,598	2,879	2,966	2,827	2,817	3,157	3,293	3,174	3,179
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7
Not in labor force	35,972	36,487	36,017	35,776	35,997	35,898	35,801	36,432	35,817
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	135,725	136,826	136,919	135,725	136,496	136,605	136,715	136,826	136,919
Civilian labor force	76,831	79,045	78,719	76,734	78,408	78,757	78,599	78,857	78,668
Participation rate	56.6	57.8	57.5	56.5	57.4	57.7	57.5	57.6	57.5
Employed	74,294	76,292	76,239	73,970	75,769	75,991	75,936	76,005	75,959
Employment-population ratio	54.7	55.8	55.7	54.5	55.5	55.6	55.5	55.5	55.5
Unemployed	2,537	2,753	2,480	2,764	2,638	2,766	2,662	2,852	2,709
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.5	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.4
Not in labor force	58,894	57,781	58,199	58,991	58,088	57,847	58,116	57,969	58,251
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	127,283	128,342	128,430	127,283	128,028	128,132	128,237	128,342	128,430
Civilian labor force	73,766	75,888	75,681	73,532	75,205	75,541	75,497	75,584	75,493
Participation rate	58.0	59.1	58.9	57.8	58.7	59.0	58.9	58.9	58.8
Employed	71,516	73,499	73,504	71,088	72,877	73,121	73,163	73,115	73,122
Employment-population ratio	56.2	57.3	57.2	55.9	56.9	57.1	57.1	57.0	56.9
Unemployed	2,250	2,390	2,177	2,444	2,328	2,419	2,334	2,469	2,371
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.1	2.9	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.1
Not in labor force	53,517	52,454	52,749	53,750	52,822	52,591	52,740	52,759	52,937
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,124	17,270	17,281	17,124	17,239	17,249	17,260	17,270	17,281
Civilian labor force	6,177	6,344	6,202	6,469	6,159	6,365	6,303	6,547	6,473
Participation rate	36.1	36.7	35.9	37.8	35.7	36.9	36.5	37.9	37.5
Employed	5,502	5,514	5,517	5,740	5,462	5,586	5,570	5,685	5,733
Employment-population ratio	32.1	31.9	31.9	33.5	31.7	32.4	32.3	32.9	33.2
Unemployed	675	830	685	729	696	779	733	863	740
Unemployment rate	10.9	13.1	11.0	11.3	11.3	12.2	11.6	13.2	11.4
Not in labor force	10,947	10,927	11,079	10,655	11,080	10,885	10,957	10,723	10,808
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	203,617	204,867	204,949	203,617	204,536	204,645	204,756	204,867	204,949
Civilian labor force	125,707	127,686	127,720	125,902	127,329	127,976	127,829	127,651	127,892
Participation rate	61.7	62.3	62.3	61.8	62.3	62.5	62.4	62.3	62.4
Employed	121,967	123,623	123,849	121,807	123,393	123,571	123,456	123,220	123,671
Employment-population ratio	59.9	60.3	60.4	59.8	60.3	60.4	60.3	60.1	60.3
Unemployed	3,741	4,063	3,871	4,094	3,936	4,405	4,373	4,431	4,221
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.3
Not in labor force	77,910	77,181	77,229	77,716	77,207	76,669	76,926	77,216	77,058
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,590	66,334	66,627	65,759	66,414	66,565	66,643	66,360	66,762
Participation rate	69.8	70.0	70.2	70.0	70.2	70.3	70.3	70.0	70.4
Employed	63,771	64,359	64,660	63,767	64,423	64,324	64,321	64,135	64,628
Employment-population ratio	67.9	67.9	68.2	67.9	68.0	67.9	67.9	67.6	68.1
Unemployed	1,819	1,975	1,967	1,992	1,991	2,241	2,322	2,225	2,134
Unemployment rate	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,381	56,501	56,373	55,174	56,188	56,451	56,401	56,255	56,178
Participation rate	57.0	57.9	57.8	56.8	57.7	58.0	57.9	57.7	57.6
Employed	53,910	55,002	54,995	53,562	54,690	54,826	54,810	54,662	54,658
Employment-population ratio	55.5	56.4	56.4	55.1	56.2	56.3	56.2	56.1	56.0
Unemployed	1,471	1,498	1,378	1,611	1,498	1,625	1,591	1,593	1,520
Unemployment rate	2.7	2.7	2.4	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,736	4,851	4,720	4,969	4,727	4,960	4,785	5,036	4,951
Participation rate	37.9	38.7	37.7	39.7	37.8	39.6	38.2	40.2	39.5
Employed	4,286	4,262	4,194	4,478	4,281	4,421	4,324	4,423	4,385
Employment-population ratio	34.3	34.0	33.5	35.8	34.2	35.3	34.5	35.3	35.0
Unemployed	450	589	526	491	447	539	460	613	566
Unemployment rate	9.5	12.1	11.1	9.9	9.5	10.9	9.6	12.2	11.4
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,272	34,788	34,821	34,272	34,678	34,714	34,751	34,788	34,821
Civilian labor force	21,354	21,996	22,149	21,365	21,751	21,746	21,868	21,871	22,157
Participation rate	62.3	63.2	63.6	62.3	62.7	62.6	62.9	62.9	63.6
Employed	20,203	20,716	20,924	20,139	20,496	20,596	20,616	20,601	20,865
Employment-population ratio	59.0	59.5	60.1	58.8	59.1	59.3	59.3	59.2	59.9
Unemployed	1,151	1,281	1,225	1,226	1,255	1,150	1,253	1,270	1,292
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.8	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.3	5.7	5.8	5.8
Not in labor force	12,917	12,792	12,672	12,907	12,927	12,969	12,883	12,918	12,664
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,935	10,063	10,279	9,947	10,114	10,131	10,185	10,025	10,290
Participation rate	68.2	67.8	69.1	68.3	68.3	68.4	68.6	67.5	69.2
Employed	9,433	9,547	9,651	9,408	9,576	9,620	9,611	9,494	9,633
Employment-population ratio	64.7	64.3	64.9	64.6	64.7	64.9	64.8	63.9	64.8
Unemployed	502	516	628	539	538	511	574	531	657
Unemployment rate	5.1	5.1	6.1	5.4	5.3	5.0	5.6	5.3	6.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,660	11,148	11,086	10,633	10,922	10,872	10,873	11,055	11,060
Participation rate	62.0	64.1	63.7	61.8	63.0	62.7	62.6	63.6	63.6
Employed	10,133	10,517	10,575	10,077	10,353	10,359	10,389	10,464	10,523
Employment-population ratio	58.9	60.5	60.8	58.6	59.7	59.7	59.8	60.2	60.5
Unemployed	527	630	511	556	569	514	485	590	536
Unemployment rate	4.9	5.7	4.6	5.2	5.2	4.7	4.5	5.3	4.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	759	786	784	785	715	742	810	791	807
Participation rate	30.4	30.8	30.7	31.4	28.2	29.2	31.8	31.0	31.6
Employed	637	651	698	654	568	617	616	642	708
Employment-population ratio	25.5	25.5	27.3	26.2	22.3	24.3	24.2	25.2	27.7
Unemployed	122	135	85	131	148	125	194	148	99
Unemployment rate	16.0	17.2	10.9	16.7	20.7	16.9	24.0	18.8	12.2
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,980	17,593	17,769	16,980	17,600	17,515	17,633	17,593	17,769
Civilian labor force	10,968	11,443	11,494	10,995	11,556	11,486	11,580	11,480	11,543
Participation rate	64.6	65.0	64.7	64.8	65.7	65.6	65.7	65.3	65.0
Employed	10,686	11,094	11,096	10,704	11,288	11,131	11,250	11,129	11,141
Employment-population ratio	62.9	63.1	62.4	63.0	64.1	63.6	63.8	63.3	62.7
Unemployed	282	349	398	291	267	355	330	351	402
Unemployment rate	2.6	3.1	3.5	2.6	2.3	3.1	2.8	3.1	3.5
Not in labor force	6,011	6,150	6,275	5,984	6,044	6,029	6,053	6,112	6,226
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	46,545	47,877	47,974	46,545	47,569	47,671	47,774	47,877	47,974
Civilian labor force	30,694	32,071	32,202	30,600	32,052	31,977	32,144	32,028	32,127
Participation rate	65.9	67.0	67.1	65.7	67.4	67.1	67.3	66.9	67.0
Employed	29,555	30,641	30,822	29,382	30,637	30,420	30,660	30,498	30,664
Employment-population ratio	63.5	64.0	64.2	63.1	64.4	63.8	64.2	63.7	63.9
Unemployed	1,139	1,429	1,379	1,218	1,416	1,557	1,484	1,529	1,462
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.5	4.3	4.0	4.4	4.9	4.6	4.8	4.6
Not in labor force	15,850	15,807	15,772	15,944	15,517	15,694	15,630	15,850	15,847
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	16,530	17,124	17,271	16,526	17,290	17,164	17,262	17,120	17,271
Participation rate	78.4	78.7	79.2	78.4	80.0	79.2	79.5	78.7	79.2
Employed	15,982	16,464	16,597	15,925	16,599	16,433	16,523	16,407	16,546
Employment-population ratio	75.8	75.7	76.2	75.5	76.8	75.9	76.1	75.4	75.9
Unemployed	547	660	674	601	691	731	739	714	725
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.9	3.9	3.6	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	12,743	13,285	13,368	12,637	13,271	13,343	13,379	13,239	13,278
Participation rate	60.2	61.2	61.5	59.7	61.6	61.8	61.8	61.0	61.1
Employed	12,301	12,794	12,866	12,179	12,745	12,752	12,805	12,700	12,755
Employment-population ratio	58.2	59.0	59.2	57.6	59.1	59.0	59.1	58.5	58.7
Unemployed	442	491	502	458	525	591	573	539	523
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.6	4.0	4.4	4.3	4.1	3.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,422	1,661	1,562	1,438	1,492	1,470	1,503	1,668	1,578
Participation rate	33.0	37.5	35.2	33.4	33.9	33.4	34.0	37.7	35.6
Employed	1,272	1,382	1,359	1,279	1,292	1,236	1,331	1,391	1,364
Employment-population ratio	29.5	31.2	30.6	29.7	29.4	28.0	30.1	31.4	30.7
Unemployed	150	279	203	159	200	235	172	277	214
Unemployment rate	10.6	16.8	13.0	11.0	13.4	16.0	11.4	16.6	13.6
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,944	9,176	9,549	8,901	8,926	9,239	9,185	9,299	9,496
Participation rate	45.8	47.3	48.5	45.6	47.7	47.6	46.9	47.9	48.3
Employed	8,603	8,725	8,992	8,506	8,459	8,743	8,683	8,764	8,894
Employment-population ratio	44.0	45.0	45.7	43.5	45.2	45.0	44.4	45.2	45.2
Unemployed	341	451	557	395	467	496	501	535	602
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.9	5.8	4.4	5.2	5.4	5.5	5.8	6.3
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,227	35,758	35,817	35,192	35,980	36,243	36,205	35,624	35,808
Participation rate	55.8	57.1	57.4	55.7	56.5	56.5	56.8	56.9	57.4
Employed	33,902	34,377	34,413	33,816	34,763	34,851	34,722	34,197	34,350
Employment-population ratio	53.7	54.9	55.1	53.5	54.6	54.4	54.5	54.6	55.0
Unemployed	1,325	1,381	1,404	1,377	1,217	1,391	1,484	1,427	1,458
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.4	3.8	4.1	4.0	4.1
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,113	36,188	36,164	35,880	35,730	35,867	35,960	35,826	35,900
Participation rate	63.3	62.9	62.6	62.9	62.7	63.3	62.8	62.3	62.2
Employed	35,029	35,098	35,215	34,748	34,612	34,780	34,886	34,703	34,899
Employment-population ratio	61.4	61.0	61.0	60.9	60.7	61.4	60.9	60.3	60.4
Unemployed	1,084	1,090	949	1,133	1,118	1,087	1,074	1,123	1,001
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.0	2.6	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1	2.8
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	63,142	64,670	64,518	63,041	64,817	64,398	64,277	64,535	64,458
Participation rate	72.6	72.9	72.8	72.5	73.4	73.5	73.5	72.8	72.7
Employed	61,944	63,362	63,230	61,781	63,522	62,986	62,907	63,172	63,104
Employment-population ratio	71.3	71.5	71.4	71.1	71.9	71.9	71.9	71.3	71.2
Unemployed	1,198	1,308	1,289	1,260	1,295	1,412	1,370	1,363	1,355
Unemployment rate	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,271	17,754	16,238	15,713	2,033	2,041
Civilian labor force	8,709	8,699	7,522	7,495	1,187	1,204
Participation rate	47.7	49.0	46.3	47.7	58.4	59.0
Employed	8,468	8,456	7,302	7,293	1,166	1,163
Employment-population ratio	46.3	47.6	45.0	46.4	57.4	57.0
Unemployed	241	243	220	202	21	42
Unemployment rate	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.7	1.8	3.5
Not in labor force	9,562	9,055	8,716	8,218	846	837
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,026	5,186	4,082	4,226	944	960
Civilian labor force	4,016	4,163	3,298	3,423	719	740
Participation rate	79.9	80.3	80.8	81.0	76.1	77.0
Employed	3,895	4,035	3,190	3,330	704	705
Employment-population ratio	77.5	77.8	78.2	78.8	74.6	73.4
Unemployed	121	128	107	93	14	35
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.1	3.3	2.7	2.0	4.7
Not in labor force	1,009	1,023	784	802	225	220
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,169	2,863	2,732	2,443	437	420
Civilian labor force	2,178	2,101	1,911	1,808	268	293
Participation rate	68.7	73.4	69.9	74.0	61.2	69.7
Employed	2,134	2,053	1,866	1,760	268	293
Employment-population ratio	67.3	71.7	68.3	72.1	61.2	69.7
Unemployed	45	47	45	47	0	0
Unemployment rate	2.0	2.3	2.3	2.6	0.0	0.0
Not in labor force	991	762	821	635	170	127
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,130	5,832	5,886	5,587	244	245
Civilian labor force	911	770	869	756	42	14
Participation rate	14.9	13.2	14.8	13.5	17.1	5.9
Employed	869	747	832	733	37	13
Employment-population ratio	14.2	12.8	14.1	13.1	15.2	5.5
Unemployed	42	23	37	22	5	1
Unemployment rate	4.6	3.0	4.2	2.9	-	-
Not in labor force	5,219	5,062	5,017	4,831	202	231
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,946	3,873	3,538	3,457	408	416
Civilian labor force	1,604	1,665	1,445	1,508	159	157
Participation rate	40.7	43.0	40.8	43.6	39.1	37.8
Employed	1,570	1,621	1,413	1,469	157	152
Employment-population ratio	39.8	41.8	39.9	42.5	38.6	36.5
Unemployed	34	45	32	39	2	6
Unemployment rate	2.1	2.7	2.2	2.6	1.3	3.6
Not in labor force	2,342	2,208	2,093	1,949	249	259
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	237,100	240,769	108,013	110,453	129,087	130,316
Civilian labor force	153,130	156,837	78,739	80,587	74,390	76,251
Participation rate	64.6	65.1	72.9	73.0	57.6	58.5
Employed	148,117	151,521	76,163	77,603	71,954	73,918
Employment-population ratio	62.5	62.9	70.5	70.3	55.7	56.7
Unemployed	5,013	5,316	2,576	2,984	2,436	2,332
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.7	3.3	3.1
Not in labor force	83,970	83,932	29,274	29,866	54,697	54,066
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,762	33,922	231,946	233,900
Civilian labor force	7,769	8,396	156,503	159,581
Participation rate	23.7	24.8	67.5	68.2
Employed	7,318	7,779	151,431	154,370
Employment-population ratio	22.3	22.9	65.3	66.0
Unemployed	451	616	5,072	5,211
Unemployment rate	5.8	7.3	3.2	3.3
Not in labor force	24,993	25,526	75,443	74,319
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,183	3,526	78,099	79,430
Participation rate	39.3	42.7	82.5	82.8
Employed	2,974	3,169	75,521	76,623
Employment-population ratio	36.7	38.4	79.8	79.9
Unemployed	209	357	2,578	2,806
Unemployment rate	6.6	10.1	3.3	3.5
Not in labor force	4,926	4,722	16,580	16,509
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,161	3,482	68,744	70,008
Participation rate	38.4	40.4	71.5	72.9
Employed	2,988	3,291	66,526	67,883
Employment-population ratio	36.3	38.1	69.2	70.7
Unemployed	173	191	2,218	2,125
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.5	3.2	3.0
Not in labor force	5,078	5,146	27,455	26,064
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,425	1,388	9,660	10,144
Participation rate	8.7	8.1	23.5	24.2
Employed	1,356	1,319	9,384	9,864
Employment-population ratio	8.3	7.7	22.8	23.5
Unemployed	68	69	276	280
Unemployment rate	4.8	5.0	2.9	2.8
Not in labor force	14,989	15,657	31,408	31,747
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	46,190	47,412	22,615	23,211	23,576	24,202
Civilian labor force	30,542	31,507	17,480	18,048	13,062	13,459
Participation rate	66.1	66.5	77.3	77.8	55.4	55.6
Employed	29,618	30,422	16,937	17,396	12,681	13,026
Employment-population ratio	64.1	64.2	74.9	75.0	53.8	53.8
Unemployed	924	1,085	543	652	381	433
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.4	3.1	3.6	2.9	3.2
Not in labor force	15,649	15,906	5,135	5,163	10,514	10,743
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	218,517	220,410	106,368	107,693	112,150	112,717
Civilian labor force	133,730	136,470	69,961	71,210	63,769	65,260
Participation rate	61.2	61.9	65.8	66.1	56.9	57.9
Employed	129,131	131,727	67,518	68,514	61,613	63,213
Employment-population ratio	59.1	59.8	63.5	63.6	54.9	56.1
Unemployed	4,599	4,743	2,443	2,696	2,156	2,047
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.8	3.4	3.1
Not in labor force	84,787	83,940	36,407	36,483	48,381	47,457
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,191	2,283	2,234	2,228	2,261	2,296	2,303	2,207	2,272
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,472	1,519	1,535	1,492	1,519	1,559	1,571	1,463	1,553
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	695	719	683	715	688	695	693	707	701
Unpaid family workers	24	45	16	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	156,558	159,393	159,916	156,344	159,099	159,321	159,388	159,299	159,868
Wage and salary workers(1)	147,532	150,305	150,878	147,381	149,974	150,217	150,090	150,154	150,798
Government	21,189	21,741	22,072	21,084	21,161	21,199	21,601	21,655	21,891
Private industries	126,344	128,564	128,807	126,468	128,778	128,891	128,821	128,699	129,077
Private households	671	768	771	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	125,673	127,796	128,035	125,819	128,166	128,282	128,209	128,076	128,371
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,979	9,054	9,011	8,970	8,814	8,809	9,033	8,943	8,998
Unpaid family workers	46	34	26	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	3,580	3,973	3,871	3,688	4,000	4,221	4,065	4,283	3,988
Slack work or business conditions	2,463	2,790	2,700	2,546	2,717	2,799	2,793	2,982	2,793
Could only find part-time work	815	964	911	826	1,014	1,021	938	1,002	932
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,062	22,008	22,662	21,226	21,971	21,975	22,152	21,539	21,862
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	3,498	3,923	3,796	3,623	3,913	4,110	3,991	4,182	3,927
Slack work or business conditions	2,415	2,754	2,654	2,497	2,657	2,757	2,752	2,944	2,745
Could only find part-time work	812	958	903	819	1,012	1,021	929	995	921
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,671	21,649	22,210	20,844	21,539	21,522	21,723	21,175	21,427
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	158,749	161,676	162,149	158,527	161,262	161,484	161,570	161,222	161,969
16 to 19 years	5,502	5,514	5,517	5,740	5,462	5,586	5,570	5,685	5,733
16 to 17 years	2,164	2,162	2,172	2,241	2,083	2,098	2,119	2,161	2,238
18 to 19 years	3,338	3,352	3,345	3,500	3,353	3,461	3,427	3,517	3,513
20 years and over	153,247	156,162	156,632	152,787	155,799	155,898	156,000	155,537	156,236
20 to 24 years	13,769	14,600	14,781	13,759	14,559	14,606	14,676	14,550	14,780
25 years and over	139,478	141,562	141,851	138,845	141,160	141,194	141,293	140,911	141,254
25 to 54 years	101,922	103,741	103,930	101,400	103,539	103,531	103,537	103,299	103,468
25 to 34 years	35,304	35,939	35,953	35,073	36,168	35,974	35,940	35,778	35,779
35 to 44 years	34,919	35,625	35,832	34,777	35,379	35,478	35,518	35,491	35,691
45 to 54 years	31,699	32,177	32,145	31,550	31,992	32,080	32,079	32,030	31,997
55 years and over	37,555	37,821	37,921	37,446	37,620	37,663	37,756	37,612	37,786
Men, 16 years and over	84,455	85,384	85,910	84,557	85,492	85,493	85,633	85,217	86,010
16 to 19 years	2,724	2,721	2,783	2,859	2,570	2,716	2,797	2,794	2,896
16 to 17 years	991	1,054	1,014	1,059	943	1,009	1,060	1,069	1,074
18 to 19 years	1,734	1,667	1,769	1,809	1,606	1,668	1,720	1,725	1,844
20 years and over	81,731	82,663	83,128	81,698	82,922	82,777	82,837	82,423	83,114
20 to 24 years	7,049	7,238	7,406	7,071	7,435	7,369	7,310	7,252	7,445
25 years and over	74,682	75,426	75,722	74,451	75,462	75,297	75,466	75,100	75,525
25 to 54 years	54,331	55,191	55,420	54,119	55,358	55,300	55,291	54,997	55,267
25 to 34 years	18,655	19,037	19,144	18,548	19,338	19,215	19,114	18,956	19,084
35 to 44 years	18,813	19,099	19,149	18,761	19,103	19,053	19,120	19,045	19,112
45 to 54 years	16,863	17,055	17,127	16,810	16,917	17,032	17,057	16,997	17,071
55 years and over	20,351	20,235	20,302	20,332	20,104	19,997	20,175	20,103	20,259
Women, 16 years and over	74,294	76,292	76,239	73,970	75,769	75,991	75,936	76,005	75,959
16 to 19 years	2,778	2,793	2,735	2,881	2,892	2,870	2,773	2,890	2,837
16 to 17 years	1,173	1,108	1,158	1,182	1,140	1,089	1,059	1,092	1,164
18 to 19 years	1,605	1,685	1,577	1,691	1,746	1,793	1,708	1,792	1,668
20 years and over	71,516	73,499	73,504	71,088	72,877	73,121	73,163	73,115	73,122
20 to 24 years	6,721	7,363	7,375	6,688	7,125	7,237	7,366	7,298	7,335
25 years and over	64,795	66,136	66,129	64,394	65,697	65,897	65,827	65,811	65,729
25 to 54 years	47,591	48,550	48,510	47,281	48,181	48,232	48,245	48,302	48,202
25 to 34 years	16,649	16,902	16,809	16,525	16,830	16,759	16,826	16,822	16,695
35 to 44 years	16,106	16,526	16,683	16,016	16,276	16,425	16,398	16,447	16,580
45 to 54 years	14,836	15,122	15,017	14,740	15,075	15,048	15,022	15,033	14,927
55 years and over	17,204	17,586	17,619	17,113	17,516	17,665	17,582	17,509	17,527
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	46,014	45,960	46,384	45,988	45,886	45,911	46,357	45,990	46,310
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,617	37,130	37,118	36,322	37,413	37,430	37,279	37,077	36,906
Women who maintain families(2)	9,832	9,963	9,916	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	132,154	134,824	134,634	132,300	134,274	134,189	134,167	134,493	134,840
Part-time workers(4)	26,595	26,853	27,515	26,115	27,153	27,185	27,336	26,666	27,005
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,782	8,542	8,463	7,676	8,113	8,028	8,151	8,356	8,341
Percent of total employed	4.9	5.3	5.2	4.8	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.2	5.1
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	7,028	6,626	6,872	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,674	9,773	9,695	9,686	9,502	9,504	9,726	9,650	9,699
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,000	6,506	6,291	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.7
16 to 19 years	729	863	740	11.3	11.3	12.2	11.6	13.2	11.4
16 to 17 years	290	370	284	11.5	11.2	11.8	12.7	14.6	11.3
18 to 19 years	447	505	455	11.3	11.4	12.7	11.1	12.6	11.5
20 years and over	5,271	5,643	5,551	3.3	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4
20 to 24 years	1,011	1,103	1,057	6.8	6.7	7.2	7.1	7.0	6.7
25 years and over	4,250	4,508	4,508	3.0	2.8	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.1
25 to 54 years	3,318	3,457	3,365	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.2
25 to 34 years	1,507	1,589	1,466	4.1	3.6	3.9	4.0	4.3	3.9
35 to 44 years	945	1,077	1,055	2.6	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.9
45 to 54 years	865	791	844	2.7	2.3	2.5	2.8	2.4	2.6
55 years and over	947	1,059	1,141	2.5	2.3	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.9
Men, 16 years and over	3,236	3,654	3,582	3.7	3.6	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0
16 to 19 years	409	480	402	12.5	13.0	13.7	12.6	14.7	12.2
16 to 17 years	195	206	161	15.6	13.2	12.0	15.2	16.2	13.1
18 to 19 years	222	289	245	10.9	12.9	15.3	11.4	14.3	11.7
20 years and over	2,827	3,174	3,179	3.3	3.3	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7
20 to 24 years	588	621	577	7.7	7.2	8.4	8.4	7.9	7.2
25 years and over	2,243	2,533	2,629	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.4
25 to 54 years	1,701	1,973	1,946	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.6	3.5	3.4
25 to 34 years	795	938	848	4.1	3.8	3.9	4.6	4.7	4.3
35 to 44 years	459	584	631	2.4	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.2
45 to 54 years	447	450	467	2.6	2.6	2.7	3.1	2.6	2.7
55 years and over	542	560	683	2.6	2.2	2.8	2.5	2.7	3.3
Women, 16 years and over	2,764	2,852	2,709	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.4
16 to 19 years	320	383	338	10.0	9.7	10.8	10.6	11.7	10.6
16 to 17 years	95	164	123	7.4	9.4	11.6	9.9	13.1	9.5
18 to 19 years	225	217	211	11.7	10.0	10.2	10.8	10.8	11.2
20 years and over	2,444	2,469	2,371	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.1
20 to 24 years	423	482	479	5.9	6.2	5.8	5.7	6.2	6.1
25 years and over	2,007	1,975	1,879	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.8
25 to 54 years	1,617	1,484	1,420	3.3	2.8	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.9
25 to 34 years	712	651	618	4.1	3.3	3.8	3.3	3.7	3.6
35 to 44 years	486	493	424	2.9	3.2	2.9	2.5	2.9	2.5
45 to 54 years	419	341	377	2.8	1.9	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.5
55 years and over	400	502	462	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.6
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	921	942	966	2.0	1.7	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0
Married women, spouse present(1)	752	798	767	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.0
Women who maintain families(2)	507	485	495	4.9	4.5	4.9	4.0	4.6	4.8
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,801	5,236	5,184	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7
Part-time workers(4)	1,200	1,286	1,112	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.3	4.6	4.0
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,487	2,744	2,816	2,761	2,620	2,914	2,858	3,059	3,100
On temporary layoff	608	572	720	806	667	789	781	873	892
Not on temporary layoff	1,879	2,172	2,096	1,956	1,953	2,125	2,077	2,186	2,209
Permanent job losers	1,293	1,617	1,536	1,351	1,372	1,538	1,441	1,605	1,629
Persons who completed temporary jobs	585	555	560	605	581	587	636	581	580
Job leavers	818	823	810	829	852	801	797	800	820
Reentrants	1,688	1,895	1,660	1,798	1,853	1,930	2,043	1,884	1,782
New entrants	530	636	541	558	503	597	568	612	571
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	45.0	45.0	48.3	46.4	44.9	46.7	45.6	48.1	49.4
On temporary layoff	11.0	9.4	12.4	13.5	11.4	12.6	12.5	13.7	14.2
Not on temporary layoff	34.0	35.6	36.0	32.9	33.5	34.0	33.2	34.4	35.2
Job leavers	14.8	13.5	13.9	13.9	14.6	12.8	12.7	12.6	13.1
Reentrants	30.6	31.1	28.5	30.2	31.8	30.9	32.6	29.6	28.4
New entrants	9.6	10.4	9.3	9.4	8.6	9.6	9.1	9.6	9.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.8
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.1
New entrants	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,051	2,104	1,873	2,244	2,004	2,221	2,051	2,268	2,068
5 to 14 weeks	1,562	1,726	1,939	1,694	1,698	1,877	2,044	1,836	2,080
15 weeks and over	1,910	2,268	2,016	2,036	2,161	2,298	2,288	2,363	2,145
15 to 26 weeks	716	975	897	821	997	1,002	1,072	1,081	994
27 weeks and over	1,194	1,292	1,119	1,215	1,164	1,296	1,216	1,282	1,150
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	22.0	22.2	19.9	21.4	20.6	20.4	21.5	21.6	19.4
Median duration, in weeks	8.7	9.1	9.3	8.8	8.7	8.7	9.2	8.9	9.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	37.1	34.5	32.1	37.6	34.2	34.7	32.1	35.1	32.9
5 to 14 weeks	28.3	28.3	33.3	28.4	29.0	29.3	32.0	28.4	33.1
15 weeks and over	34.6	37.2	34.6	34.1	36.9	35.9	35.8	36.5	34.1
15 to 26 weeks	13.0	16.0	15.4	13.7	17.0	15.7	16.8	16.7	15.8
27 weeks and over	21.6	21.2	19.2	20.3	19.9	20.3	19.1	19.8	18.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023
Total, 16 years and over(1)	158,749	162,149	5,523	5,827	3.4	3.5
Management, professional, and related occupations	69,156	71,350	1,247	1,301	1.8	1.8
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	29,811	31,091	584	533	1.9	1.7
Professional and related occupations	39,345	40,259	663	768	1.7	1.9
Service occupations	25,448	25,711	1,173	1,126	4.4	4.2
Sales and office occupations	29,983	30,174	1,019	1,123	3.3	3.6
Sales and related occupations	14,204	14,514	487	565	3.3	3.7
Office and administrative support occupations	15,779	15,660	532	559	3.3	3.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,148	14,476	662	646	4.5	4.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	906	1,053	65	85	6.7	7.5
Construction and extraction occupations	8,499	8,545	467	462	5.2	5.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,744	4,878	130	99	2.7	2.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,014	20,439	871	1,079	4.2	5.0
Production occupations	8,243	8,432	254	306	3.0	3.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,771	12,007	617	773	5.0	6.0
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023
Total, 16 years and over(1)	5,523	5,827	3.4	3.5
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,253	4,676	3.3	3.5
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	19	13	3.1	2.2
Construction	393	496	3.9	4.8
Manufacturing	401	487	2.7	3.1
Durable goods	254	286	2.6	2.9
Nondurable goods	148	201	2.7	3.5
Wholesale and retail trade	666	735	3.5	3.6
Transportation and utilities	360	346	4.2	4.1
Information	57	100	2.1	3.7
Financial activities	200	232	1.9	2.3
Professional and business services	702	747	3.7	3.9
Education and health services	521	528	2.1	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	769	758	5.8	5.5
Other services	165	234	2.5	3.4
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	85	105	5.6	6.6
Government workers	332	305	1.5	1.4
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	323	201	3.2	2.0
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Nov. 2022	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.8
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.7
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.9	3.7	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.0
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.6
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	6.4	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.7	7.1	7.0	7.2	7.0
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023	Nov. 2022	Nov. 2023
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	100,436	99,845	41,542	41,646	58,894	58,199
Persons who currently want a job	5,211	5,006	2,570	2,371	2,642	2,635
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,501	1,625	751	867	750	757
Discouraged workers(2)	430	455	298	275	133	180
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,071	1,170	453	592	618	577
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,782	8,463	3,702	3,833	4,080	4,630
Percent of total employed	4.9	5.2	4.4	4.5	5.5	6.1
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,507	5,002	2,409	2,506	2,098	2,495
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,866	2,022	599	605	1,267	1,417
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	336	363	191	178	146	185
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,017	1,012	491	511	526	501
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)	Change from: Oct.2023 - Nov.2023(p)
Total nonfarm	155,642	156,906	157,984	158,461	154,296	156,738	156,888	157,087	199
Total private	132,866	133,981	134,714	135,032	131,972	133,885	133,970	134,120	150
Goods-producing	21,501	21,805	21,808	21,742	21,425	21,643	21,633	21,662	29
Mining and logging	627	650	650	645	624	645	645	644	-1
Logging	45.9	48.2	48.1	45.8	45.6	47.3	47.2	45.5	-1.7
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	581.0	601.4	601.6	599.1	578.6	597.5	597.3	598.5	1.2
Oil and gas extraction	117.1	119.3	119.7	119.5	117.1	118.8	119.0	118.4	-0.6
Mining (except oil and gas)	187.9	189.2	188.3	187.8	187.1	186.9	186.6	187.1	0.5
Coal mining	41.0	41.3	41.0	40.9	41.1	41.4	41.0	41.0	0.0
Metal ore mining	43.1	44.1	44.0	44.3	43.3	44.2	44.1	44.6	0.5
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	103.8	103.8	103.3	102.6	102.6	101.4	101.5	101.5	0.0
Support activities for mining	276.0	292.9	293.6	291.8	274.4	291.8	291.7	293.0	1.3
Construction	7,900	8,160	8,194	8,103	7,833	8,006	8,031	8,033	2
Construction of buildings	1,782.3	1,824.0	1,842.2	1,827.0	1,772.9	1,808.5	1,818.5	1,815.7	-2.8
Residential building construction	934.2	936.4	948.9	938.8	929.0	931.1	935.4	933.7	-1.7
Nonresidential building construction	848.1	887.6	893.3	888.2	843.9	877.4	883.1	882.0	-1.1
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,101.4	1,181.4	1,182.3	1,151.6	1,078.4	1,129.8	1,131.9	1,135.2	3.3
Specialty trade contractors	5,016.5	5,154.9	5,169.1	5,124.0	4,981.2	5,067.7	5,080.5	5,082.4	1.9
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,335.9	2,391.4	2,402.5	2,388.9	2,321.9	2,359.4	2,367.5	2,370.2	2.7
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,680.6	2,763.5	2,766.6	2,735.1	2,659.3	2,708.3	2,713.0	2,712.2	-0.8
Manufacturing	12,974	12,995	12,964	12,994	12,968	12,992	12,957	12,985	28
Durable goods	8,072	8,138	8,108	8,154	8,073	8,147	8,113	8,149	36
Wood product manufacturing	428.1	420.6	420.3	421.7	429.0	421.8	421.2	422.2	1.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	429.4	437.5	438.6	438.8	428.7	434.1	434.4	435.0	0.6
Primary metal manufacturing	366.4	369.3	368.4	367.0	365.6	370.4	369.4	368.2	-1.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,444.3	1,453.8	1,455.6	1,458.4	1,447.4	1,456.3	1,456.3	1,458.0	1.7
Machinery manufacturing	1,115.9	1,129.7	1,128.6	1,132.7	1,119.1	1,135.2	1,133.9	1,135.5	1.6
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,100.4	1,096.3	1,096.3	1,097.7	1,099.9	1,099.2	1,098.1	1,098.9	0.8
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	166.9	166.7	166.2	166.2	166.4	166.9	166.1	166.1	0.0
Communications equipment manufacturing	84.8	85.3	86.4	86.2	84.9	85.8	86.4	86.3	-0.1
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	392.9	382.8	382.3	383.8	393.4	384.5	383.6	384.2	0.6
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	423.1	428.2	428.5	428.7	422.9	428.8	429.0	429.5	0.5
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	32.7	33.3	32.9	32.8	32.3	33.2	32.9	32.8	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	404.5	406.0	406.3	406.6	405.1	406.5	407.3	407.2	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,772.0	1,840.5	1,810.5	1,845.8	1,766.8	1,835.5	1,807.4	1,840.6	33.2
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,044.4	1,083.7	1,050.3	1,081.3	1,038.6	1,078.7	1,046.7	1,076.7	30.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing	375.9	355.2	355.2	356.9	376.6	358.0	356.9	356.2	-0.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing	634.8	628.8	628.4	628.2	634.9	629.9	628.1	627.0	-1.1
Nondurable goods	4,902	4,857	4,856	4,840	4,895	4,845	4,844	4,836	-8
Food manufacturing	1,719.7	1,726.9	1,732.4	1,727.1	1,714.5	1,719.5	1,724.5	1,723.7	-0.8
Textile mills	96.6	93.2	93.0	92.7	96.5	93.0	93.0	92.9	-0.1
Textile product mills	102.7	98.5	97.4	97.8	102.8	98.8	97.9	97.8	-0.1
Apparel manufacturing	94.7	90.9	90.7	90.1	93.8	91.1	90.7	90.0	-0.7
Paper manufacturing	360.7	346.9	347.3	348.0	360.9	347.8	348.1	347.6	-0.5
Printing and related support activities	384.3	371.1	372.9	373.6	381.2	372.3	372.2	371.2	-1.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	106.8	106.5	106.7	106.0	106.1	105.4	105.1	106.5	1.4
Chemical manufacturing	921.9	912.9	910.4	908.1	922.0	916.1	913.3	911.5	-1.8
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	757.0	741.9	739.3	737.3	759.7	742.5	739.4	736.0	-3.4
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	357.4	367.7	366.1	359.1	357.0	358.6	359.6	359.1	-0.5
Private service-providing	111,365	112,176	112,906	113,290	110,547	112,242	112,337	112,458	121
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29,272	28,723	28,963	29,371	28,731	28,873	28,868	28,833	-35
Wholesale trade	6,023.1	6,076.5	6,102.1	6,108.1	6,019.2	6,080.9	6,092.1	6,100.4	8.3
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,320.2	3,362.9	3,374.0	3,381.0	3,324.2	3,367.7	3,374.3	3,380.0	5.7
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,176.4	2,184.4	2,194.3	2,194.5	2,170.8	2,184.3	2,186.7	2,189.7	3.0
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	526.5	529.2	533.8	532.6	524.2	528.9	531.1	530.7	-0.4
Retail trade	15,765.7	15,414.9	15,564.2	15,828.4	15,451.1	15,533.8	15,529.1	15,490.7	-38.4
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,024.4	2,058.6	2,063.3	2,062.3	2,025.4	2,054.1	2,059.0	2,059.8	0.8
Automobile dealers	1,260.8	1,267.4	1,273.2	1,276.3	1,261.2	1,267.2	1,273.0	1,275.1	2.1
Other motor vehicle dealers	174.7	177.4	174.5	168.3	178.4	175.5	174.0	172.1	-1.9
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	588.9	613.8	615.6	617.7	585.8	611.4	611.9	612.6	0.7
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,395.0	1,356.3	1,349.0	1,344.2	1,421.8	1,371.9	1,368.9	1,365.3	-3.6
Food and beverage retailers	3,244.1	3,230.3	3,249.9	3,281.8	3,219.3	3,249.9	3,253.3	3,255.8	2.5
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	900.6	837.7	845.5	855.6	881.2	844.9	840.9	835.1	-5.8
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	458.4	428.9	437.5	444.3	447.3	434.3	435.3	431.1	-4.2
Electronics and appliance retailers	442.2	408.8	408.0	411.3	425.7	409.4	404.2	402.2	-2.0
General merchandise retailers	3,228.4	3,124.3	3,192.3	3,300.8	3,051.8	3,169.4	3,167.2	3,142.4	-24.8
Department stores	1,009.8	927.2	957.7	1,007.9	915.7	948.9	945.9	926.5	-19.4
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,218.6	2,197.1	2,234.6	2,292.9	2,136.1	2,220.5	2,221.4	2,215.9	-5.5
Health and personal care retailers	1,131.9	1,090.2	1,105.6	1,120.2	1,110.4	1,100.2	1,099.4	1,096.9	-2.5
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,052.8	1,082.0	1,076.6	1,081.5	1,051.1	1,077.9	1,074.3	1,076.0	1.7
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,204.0	1,112.9	1,139.1	1,202.0	1,151.0	1,132.6	1,133.0	1,127.4	-5.6
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,584.5	1,522.6	1,542.9	1,580.0	1,539.1	1,532.9	1,533.1	1,532.0	-1.1
Transportation and warehousing	6,926.8	6,672.4	6,735.7	6,872.9	6,704.6	6,698.2	6,685.8	6,680.8	-5.0
Air transportation	519.3	552.7	555.0	556.2	520.7	551.4	554.3	558.4	4.1
Rail transportation	148.4	150.2	150.1	150.1	148.4	150.0	149.9	149.6	-0.3
Water transportation	63.3	70.7	70.5	67.2	64.8	68.8	69.6	68.7	-0.9
Truck transportation	1,616.4	1,589.7	1,591.9	1,591.8	1,605.5	1,584.2	1,580.6	1,581.3	0.7
Transit and ground passenger transportation	439.6	451.0	455.0	452.5	422.7	435.2	435.5	436.2	0.7
Pipeline transportation	48.2	48.3	47.8	48.1	48.2	48.5	47.9	48.0	0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	28.9	41.6	37.2	33.8	32.0	36.6	36.1	36.7	0.6
Support activities for transportation	814.1	818.1	818.7	817.2	805.7	815.8	813.9	811.8	-2.1
Couriers and messengers	1,263.8	1,079.6	1,109.3	1,237.3	1,121.0	1,125.6	1,128.9	1,129.1	0.2
Warehousing and storage	1,984.8	1,870.5	1,900.2	1,918.7	1,935.6	1,882.1	1,869.1	1,861.0	-8.1
Utilities	555.9	559.3	561.3	561.6	556.0	560.4	561.0	561.1	0.1
Information	3,145	3,037	3,026	3,048	3,129	3,034	3,015	3,025	10
Motion picture and sound recording industries	487.7	431.5	435.6	462.6	477.8	433.1	427.6	444.8	17.2
Publishing industries	954.3	935.8	919.8	913.5	953.5	930.1	919.2	914.0	-5.2
Broadcasting and content providers	359.3	346.4	350.1	349.0	357.3	347.3	349.3	347.2	-2.1
Telecommunications	662.3	638.8	634.9	636.0	661.2	638.3	635.4	634.8	-0.6
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	480.9	494.6	494.1	494.1	479.7	494.4	493.1	493.7	0.6
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	200.8	190.3	191.8	192.4	199.8	190.7	190.6	190.4	-0.2
Financial activities	9,116	9,151	9,173	9,172	9,097	9,153	9,148	9,152	4
Finance and insurance	6,710.0	6,700.9	6,715.5	6,714.8	6,697.0	6,715.1	6,706.9	6,702.8	-4.1
Monetary authorities-central bank	21.7	22.0	21.9	21.9	21.8	22.0	21.9	22.0	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,684.3	2,642.7	2,636.4	2,629.6	2,685.2	2,648.3	2,638.4	2,630.2	-8.2
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,779.4	1,771.7	1,767.2	1,767.1	1,780.8	1,778.3	1,772.6	1,769.3	-3.3
Commercial banking	1,374.4	1,361.0	1,355.1	1,354.4	1,376.1	1,366.4	1,360.3	1,357.0	-3.3
Nondepository credit intermediation	581.6	561.0	560.5	556.3	581.1	560.4	557.8	554.7	-3.1
Activities related to credit intermediation	323.3	310.0	308.7	306.2	323.3	309.6	308.1	306.1	-2.0
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,070.9	1,084.3	1,096.1	1,097.9	1,068.1	1,089.4	1,092.6	1,095.1	2.5
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,933.1	2,951.9	2,961.1	2,965.4	2,921.9	2,955.4	2,954.0	2,955.5	1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,405.7	2,449.7	2,457.9	2,456.9	2,399.8	2,438.2	2,441.2	2,449.6	8.4
Real estate	1,850.6	1,854.2	1,871.6	1,875.9	1,841.9	1,853.3	1,857.0	1,863.8	6.8
Rental and leasing services	532.4	572.9	563.4	558.1	535.4	562.2	561.5	563.0	1.5
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.7	22.6	22.9	22.9	22.5	22.7	22.7	22.8	0.1
Professional and business services	23,028	23,047	23,266	23,231	22,791	22,978	22,980	22,971	-9
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,714.5	10,849.4	10,963.1	10,994.0	10,684.8	10,927.2	10,938.7	10,955.2	16.5
Legal services	1,186.8	1,175.4	1,189.3	1,194.5	1,180.1	1,182.4	1,183.4	1,186.7	3.3
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,109.3	1,105.4	1,118.9	1,132.0	1,133.0	1,155.9	1,154.4	1,151.9	-2.5
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,643.9	1,687.5	1,697.5	1,698.5	1,638.9	1,684.7	1,687.7	1,693.6	5.9
Specialized design services	156.6	159.6	161.6	161.2	154.9	160.2	160.5	159.7	-0.8
Computer systems design and related services	2,504.3	2,499.2	2,530.4	2,537.2	2,489.6	2,514.8	2,519.0	2,521.9	2.9
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,841.2	1,886.2	1,911.0	1,910.6	1,823.2	1,889.5	1,889.9	1,892.8	2.9
Scientific research and development services	910.4	945.7	946.8	950.8	910.7	948.5	947.1	951.3	4.2
Advertising, public relations, and related services	493.5	499.4	506.1	507.6	493.6	500.3	503.3	504.5	1.2
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	868.5	891.0	901.5	901.6	860.9	890.9	893.4	893.0	-0.4
Management of companies and enterprises	2,509.8	2,525.3	2,525.8	2,524.0	2,507.9	2,527.0	2,525.5	2,522.9	-2.6
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,804.1	9,671.9	9,777.1	9,713.0	9,598.0	9,524.1	9,515.6	9,493.3	-22.3
Administrative and support services	9,315.6	9,170.1	9,277.0	9,210.3	9,114.0	9,026.2	9,018.4	8,993.3	-25.1
Office administrative services	609.5	630.9	638.3	640.6	609.0	629.2	633.7	637.6	3.9
Facilities support services	159.2	166.8	166.7	166.3	157.9	165.4	165.3	165.7	0.4
Employment services(1)	4,023.9	3,750.1	3,858.5	3,842.4	3,875.9	3,693.4	3,684.9	3,660.3	-24.6
Temporary help services	3,222.3	2,974.4	3,072.0	3,056.8	3,092.9	2,928.5	2,928.7	2,915.1	-13.6
Business support services	785.0	741.5	744.8	751.9	765.6	745.6	739.3	735.0	-4.3
Travel arrangement and reservation services	176.5	187.1	187.5	187.8	177.2	185.8	186.2	188.5	2.3
Investigation and security services	976.5	985.8	989.2	993.4	969.4	983.0	984.9	987.2	2.3
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,245.6	2,359.6	2,337.5	2,273.3	2,220.8	2,279.9	2,276.0	2,267.6	-8.4
Other support services	339.4	348.3	354.5	354.6	338.2	344.0	348.1	351.3	3.2
Waste management and remediation services	488.5	501.8	500.1	502.7	484.0	497.9	497.2	500.0	2.8
Private education and health services	25,024	25,572	25,902	26,069	24,756	25,611	25,694	25,793	99
Private educational services	4,043.1	3,942.8	4,099.2	4,136.5	3,859.2	3,943.0	3,950.7	3,956.4	5.7
Health care and social assistance	20,981.2	21,629.5	21,803.1	21,932.6	20,897.1	21,668.1	21,743.2	21,836.4	93.2
Health care(3)	16,607.0	17,071.4	17,185.4	17,286.6	16,543.3	17,077.4	17,137.1	17,213.9	76.8
Ambulatory health care services	8,288.3	8,492.6	8,570.2	8,621.2	8,250.3	8,510.4	8,540.4	8,576.2	35.8
Offices of physicians	2,860.1	2,929.3	2,958.1	2,978.1	2,847.4	2,934.6	2,945.8	2,959.4	13.6
Offices of dentists	1,033.8	1,036.6	1,037.1	1,041.5	1,029.2	1,040.3	1,036.7	1,039.8	3.1
Offices of other health practitioners	1,114.0	1,146.0	1,160.2	1,166.1	1,108.8	1,149.4	1,154.3	1,158.9	4.6
Outpatient care centers	1,054.6	1,063.6	1,074.6	1,083.7	1,051.3	1,067.0	1,074.4	1,079.6	5.2
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	320.8	325.3	325.3	328.6	320.4	326.6	325.1	328.2	3.1
Home health care services	1,570.2	1,648.6	1,670.3	1,678.3	1,558.9	1,649.8	1,659.7	1,665.6	5.9
Other ambulatory health care services	334.8	343.2	344.6	344.9	334.4	342.7	344.3	344.7	0.4
Hospitals	5,247.3	5,385.1	5,407.4	5,436.4	5,229.3	5,374.9	5,395.5	5,419.2	23.7
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,071.4	3,193.7	3,207.8	3,229.0	3,063.7	3,192.1	3,201.2	3,218.5	17.3
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,375.1	1,431.2	1,439.2	1,445.6	1,369.6	1,428.9	1,432.4	1,438.1	5.7
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	620.5	644.4	645.7	649.7	619.7	643.6	645.0	649.3	4.3
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	920.8	961.3	965.3	975.9	920.0	962.6	966.3	973.9	7.6
Other residential care facilities	155.0	156.8	157.6	157.8	154.4	157.0	157.4	157.2	-0.2
Social assistance	4,374.2	4,558.1	4,617.7	4,646.0	4,353.8	4,590.7	4,606.1	4,622.5	16.4
Individual and family services	2,905.9	3,058.1	3,095.6	3,109.5	2,895.9	3,077.3	3,087.6	3,096.2	8.6
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	207.1	217.4	220.3	223.5	206.2	220.2	221.2	222.0	0.8
Vocational rehabilitation services	273.1	282.1	284.7	286.1	272.6	283.1	283.6	284.8	1.2
Child care services	988.1	1,000.5	1,017.1	1,026.9	979.0	1,010.1	1,013.7	1,019.4	5.7
Leisure and hospitality	15,998	16,775	16,688	16,508	16,258	16,705	16,747	16,787	40
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,248.5	2,514.7	2,473.6	2,360.5	2,380.2	2,482.0	2,506.7	2,507.5	0.8
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	495.4	580.5	580.5	553.5	510.3	553.4	568.1	564.8	-3.3
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	164.5	176.0	176.4	172.7	165.5	174.0	174.5	175.1	0.6
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,588.6	1,758.2	1,716.7	1,634.3	1,704.4	1,754.6	1,764.1	1,767.6	3.5
Accommodation and food services	13,749.3	14,260.4	14,214.2	14,147.1	13,877.6	14,223.0	14,239.8	14,279.2	39.4
Accommodation	1,772.7	1,908.0	1,879.4	1,833.5	1,834.5	1,886.1	1,893.4	1,894.5	1.1
Food services and drinking places	11,976.6	12,352.4	12,334.8	12,313.6	12,043.1	12,336.9	12,346.4	12,384.7	38.3
Other services	5,782	5,871	5,888	5,891	5,785	5,888	5,885	5,897	12
Repair and maintenance	1,418.7	1,456.1	1,464.7	1,459.4	1,414.1	1,456.6	1,458.2	1,459.8	1.6
Personal and laundry services	1,515.5	1,546.9	1,553.0	1,555.2	1,517.9	1,553.6	1,549.8	1,553.9	4.1
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,847.6	2,867.6	2,869.9	2,876.3	2,853.2	2,877.4	2,877.4	2,883.3	5.9
Government	22,776	22,925	23,270	23,429	22,324	22,853	22,918	22,967	49
Federal	2,884	2,960	2,959	2,968	2,873	2,949	2,953	2,953	0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,281.0	2,357.5	2,354.0	2,360.7	2,276.5	2,342.1	2,345.7	2,350.3	4.6
U.S. Postal Service	603.2	602.5	605.4	607.0	596.6	606.4	607.1	603.0	-4.1
State government	5,290	5,373	5,482	5,529	5,116	5,288	5,317	5,334	17
State government education	2,633.8	2,641.4	2,744.5	2,781.0	2,453.1	2,561.7	2,579.3	2,585.1	5.8
State government, excluding education	2,656.3	2,731.7	2,737.6	2,747.7	2,663.2	2,726.4	2,738.1	2,748.4	10.3
Local government	14,602	14,592	14,829	14,932	14,335	14,616	14,648	14,680	32
Local government education	8,136.0	7,955.4	8,212.8	8,304.3	7,848.3	7,971.7	7,993.4	8,007.4	14.0
Local government, excluding education	6,466.3	6,636.3	6,616.3	6,627.4	6,486.6	6,644.0	6,654.6	6,672.3	17.7
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.5	34.4	34.3	34.4
Goods-producing	39.8	39.9	39.9	39.9
Mining and logging	46.3	44.9	44.6	45.2
Construction	38.5	39.1	39.2	39.3
Manufacturing	40.2	40.1	40.0	40.0
Durable goods	40.6	40.6	40.5	40.4
Nondurable goods	39.6	39.2	39.3	39.4
Private service-providing	33.4	33.3	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.2	33.9	33.9	34.1
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.8	38.6	38.8
Retail trade	30.3	29.8	29.8	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	38.4	38.2	38.3	38.1
Utilities	42.1	41.7	42.0	41.8
Information	36.7	36.3	36.2	36.0
Financial activities	37.4	37.4	37.4	37.4
Professional and business services	36.5	36.5	36.4	36.5
Private education and health services	33.4	33.3	33.3	33.2
Leisure and hospitality	25.5	25.6	25.5	25.5
Other services	32.2	32.3	32.3	32.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.9
Durable goods	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.0
Nondurable goods	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)
Total private	$32.80	$33.91	$33.98	$34.10	$1,131.60	$1,166.50	$1,165.51	$1,173.04
Goods-producing	33.00	34.46	34.57	34.76	1,313.40	1,374.95	1,379.34	1,386.92
Mining and logging	36.45	38.68	38.58	38.60	1,687.64	1,736.73	1,720.67	1,744.72
Construction	35.43	36.84	37.00	37.18	1,364.06	1,440.44	1,450.40	1,461.17
Manufacturing	31.40	32.80	32.87	33.07	1,262.28	1,315.28	1,314.80	1,322.80
Durable goods	32.98	34.35	34.50	34.69	1,338.99	1,394.61	1,397.25	1,401.48
Nondurable goods	28.74	30.09	30.05	30.28	1,138.10	1,179.53	1,180.97	1,193.03
Private service-providing	32.76	33.78	33.85	33.95	1,094.18	1,124.87	1,127.21	1,130.54
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28.17	29.25	29.24	29.34	963.41	991.58	991.24	1,000.49
Wholesale trade	35.68	37.16	36.95	37.23	1,384.38	1,441.81	1,426.27	1,444.52
Retail trade	23.46	24.05	24.05	24.14	710.84	716.69	716.69	731.44
Transportation and warehousing	28.11	29.46	29.60	29.66	1,079.42	1,125.37	1,133.68	1,130.05
Utilities	48.14	50.01	50.20	50.44	2,026.69	2,085.42	2,108.40	2,108.39
Information	47.46	48.29	48.33	48.56	1,741.78	1,752.93	1,749.55	1,748.16
Financial activities	42.13	44.17	44.22	44.44	1,575.66	1,651.96	1,653.83	1,662.06
Professional and business services	39.40	40.71	40.87	41.03	1,438.10	1,485.92	1,487.67	1,497.60
Private education and health services	32.47	33.18	33.25	33.28	1,084.50	1,104.89	1,107.23	1,104.90
Leisure and hospitality	20.61	21.29	21.42	21.55	525.56	545.02	546.21	549.53
Other services	29.41	30.14	30.26	30.27	947.00	973.52	977.40	977.72
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)	Percent change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)	Percent change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)
Total private	114.3	115.6	115.4	115.8	0.3	179.2	187.4	187.4	188.8	0.7
Goods-producing	97.1	98.4	98.3	98.5	0.2	144.9	153.2	153.7	154.7	0.7
Mining and logging	90.8	91.0	90.4	91.5	1.2	132.9	141.3	140.0	141.8	1.3
Construction	104.0	107.9	108.5	108.8	0.3	160.0	172.7	174.5	175.8	0.7
Manufacturing	93.8	93.7	93.2	93.4	0.2	136.9	143.0	142.5	143.7	0.8
Durable goods	92.3	93.1	92.5	92.7	0.2	135.2	142.1	141.7	142.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	96.8	94.8	95.0	95.1	0.1	141.1	144.7	144.9	146.1	0.8
Private service-providing	118.9	120.3	120.4	120.6	0.2	189.3	197.6	198.2	199.0	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	107.4	106.9	106.9	107.4	0.5	163.1	168.7	168.6	170.0	0.8
Wholesale trade	103.0	104.1	103.7	104.4	0.7	153.8	161.8	160.3	162.6	1.4
Retail trade	95.3	94.2	94.2	95.5	1.4	147.8	149.8	149.8	152.5	1.8
Transportation and warehousing	147.9	147.0	147.1	146.3	-0.5	211.5	220.3	221.6	220.7	-0.4
Utilities	101.3	101.1	101.9	101.5	-0.4	161.1	167.1	169.1	169.1	0.0
Information	104.9	100.6	99.7	99.5	-0.2	177.2	173.0	171.6	172.0	0.2
Financial activities	111.5	112.1	112.1	112.1	0.0	183.1	193.2	193.3	194.4	0.6
Professional and business services	130.1	131.2	130.9	131.2	0.2	207.7	216.4	216.6	218.0	0.6
Private education and health services	135.0	139.3	139.7	139.8	0.1	210.9	222.3	223.5	223.9	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	118.3	122.0	121.8	122.1	0.2	196.7	209.6	210.6	212.4	0.9
Other services	107.4	109.7	109.6	109.8	0.2	173.1	181.1	181.8	182.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)
Total nonfarm	76,844	78,118	78,248	78,358	49.8	49.8	49.9	49.9
Total private	63,848	64,799	64,890	64,965	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,955	4,997	4,998	5,005	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1
Mining and logging	80	83	85	86	12.8	12.9	13.2	13.4
Construction	1,110	1,139	1,145	1,150	14.2	14.2	14.3	14.3
Manufacturing	3,765	3,775	3,768	3,769	29.0	29.1	29.1	29.0
Durable goods	2,008	2,027	2,022	2,024	24.9	24.9	24.9	24.8
Nondurable goods	1,757	1,748	1,746	1,745	35.9	36.1	36.0	36.1
Private service-providing	58,893	59,802	59,892	59,960	53.3	53.3	53.3	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,309	11,278	11,276	11,258	39.4	39.1	39.1	39.0
Wholesale trade	1,833.5	1,862.2	1,869.3	1,867.3	30.5	30.6	30.7	30.6
Retail trade	7,504.3	7,479.2	7,479.4	7,464.7	48.6	48.1	48.2	48.2
Transportation and warehousing	1,828.7	1,788.6	1,779.1	1,777.0	27.3	26.7	26.6	26.6
Utilities	142.8	147.6	148.3	149.1	25.7	26.3	26.4	26.6
Information	1,262	1,238	1,233	1,232	40.3	40.8	40.9	40.7
Financial activities	5,069	5,096	5,098	5,104	55.7	55.7	55.7	55.8
Professional and business services	10,508	10,582	10,583	10,561	46.1	46.1	46.1	46.0
Private education and health services	19,059	19,671	19,744	19,809	77.0	76.8	76.8	76.8
Leisure and hospitality	8,595	8,786	8,803	8,834	52.9	52.6	52.6	52.6
Other services	3,091	3,151	3,155	3,162	53.4	53.5	53.6	53.6
Government	12,996	13,319	13,358	13,393	58.2	58.3	58.3	58.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)
Total private	107,392	108,961	108,990	109,156
Goods-producing	15,370	15,468	15,432	15,464
Mining and logging	467	498	497	497
Construction	5,789	5,868	5,875	5,880
Manufacturing	9,114	9,102	9,060	9,087
Durable goods	5,608	5,615	5,575	5,606
Nondurable goods	3,506	3,487	3,485	3,481
Private service-providing	92,022	93,493	93,558	93,692
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,183	24,348	24,345	24,297
Wholesale trade	4,778.0	4,801.7	4,808.6	4,810.8
Retail trade	13,119.4	13,259.0	13,254.8	13,217.9
Transportation and warehousing	5,843.5	5,841.2	5,833.9	5,820.4
Utilities	442.2	446.0	447.4	447.9
Information	2,488	2,422	2,415	2,424
Financial activities	6,857	6,862	6,869	6,877
Professional and business services	18,171	18,172	18,151	18,140
Private education and health services	21,534	22,296	22,369	22,461
Leisure and hospitality	14,086	14,591	14,608	14,686
Other services	4,703	4,802	4,801	4,807
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.9	33.8	33.7	33.8
Goods-producing	40.4	40.5	40.6	40.6
Mining and logging	47.3	47.9	47.8	48.5
Construction	39.2	39.7	39.9	40.0
Manufacturing	40.8	40.7	40.7	40.6
Durable goods	41.1	40.9	40.9	40.7
Nondurable goods	40.4	40.4	40.4	40.2
Private service-providing	32.9	32.7	32.6	32.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.2	34.0	33.9	34.0
Wholesale trade	38.9	38.8	38.5	38.7
Retail trade	30.5	30.5	30.3	30.5
Transportation and warehousing	37.9	37.5	37.6	37.4
Utilities	42.7	42.0	42.1	42.0
Information	36.5	35.9	36.0	35.6
Financial activities	37.0	36.9	36.6	36.8
Professional and business services	36.3	36.3	36.2	36.3
Private education and health services	32.6	32.4	32.4	32.4
Leisure and hospitality	24.5	24.4	24.2	24.3
Other services	31.1	31.3	31.2	31.2
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.4
Durable goods	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.4
Nondurable goods	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.3
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)
Total private	$28.09	$29.08	$29.18	$29.30	$952.25	$982.90	$983.37	$990.34
Goods-producing	28.58	29.90	29.97	30.20	1,154.63	1,210.95	1,216.78	1,226.12
Mining and logging	33.26	35.08	34.67	34.60	1,573.20	1,680.33	1,657.23	1,678.10
Construction	33.00	34.54	34.69	34.96	1,293.60	1,371.24	1,384.13	1,398.40
Manufacturing	25.60	26.64	26.67	26.87	1,044.48	1,084.25	1,085.47	1,090.92
Durable goods	26.87	27.79	27.85	28.01	1,104.36	1,136.61	1,139.07	1,140.01
Nondurable goods	23.53	24.77	24.76	25.03	950.61	1,000.71	1,000.30	1,006.21
Private service-providing	27.99	28.91	29.02	29.11	920.87	945.36	946.05	948.99
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24.47	25.40	25.43	25.48	836.87	863.60	862.08	866.32
Wholesale trade	29.76	30.60	30.60	30.72	1,157.66	1,187.28	1,178.10	1,188.86
Retail trade	20.04	20.63	20.61	20.65	611.22	629.22	624.48	629.83
Transportation and warehousing	26.44	28.13	28.22	28.26	1,002.08	1,054.88	1,061.07	1,056.92
Utilities	43.09	44.58	44.83	45.03	1,839.94	1,872.36	1,887.34	1,891.26
Information	38.56	39.80	39.50	39.97	1,407.44	1,428.82	1,422.00	1,422.93
Financial activities	32.75	34.30	34.54	34.86	1,211.75	1,265.67	1,264.16	1,282.85
Professional and business services	33.13	34.40	34.51	34.64	1,202.62	1,248.72	1,249.26	1,257.43
Private education and health services	29.57	30.30	30.41	30.40	963.98	981.72	985.28	984.96
Leisure and hospitality	18.24	18.88	19.06	19.25	446.88	460.67	461.25	467.78
Other services	25.26	25.95	26.06	26.12	785.59	812.24	813.07	814.94
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)	Percent change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)	Nov. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Nov. 2023(p)	Percent change from: Oct. 2023 - Nov. 2023(p)
Total private	121.3	122.7	122.4	122.9	0.4	227.8	238.5	238.7	240.8	0.9
Goods-producing	94.9	95.7	95.7	95.9	0.2	166.1	175.3	175.7	177.4	1.0
Mining and logging	117.4	126.8	126.2	128.1	1.5	227.1	258.6	254.6	257.8	1.3
Construction	113.6	116.6	117.4	117.8	0.3	202.5	217.5	219.9	222.3	1.1
Manufacturing	85.4	85.0	84.6	84.7	0.1	142.9	148.2	147.6	148.8	0.8
Durable goods	86.6	86.3	85.7	85.7	0.0	145.3	149.7	148.9	149.9	0.7
Nondurable goods	83.5	83.0	83.0	82.4	-0.7	138.8	145.3	145.1	145.8	0.5
Private service-providing	129.0	130.3	130.0	130.1	0.1	247.6	258.3	258.7	259.8	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.8	115.9	115.5	115.6	0.1	202.5	210.4	210.0	210.6	0.3
Wholesale trade	110.3	110.6	109.9	110.5	0.5	193.8	199.7	198.4	200.3	1.0
Retail trade	101.5	102.5	101.8	102.2	0.4	174.3	181.4	180.0	181.0	0.6
Transportation and warehousing	167.6	165.8	166.0	164.7	-0.8	282.1	296.8	298.2	296.3	-0.6
Utilities	96.6	95.8	96.3	96.2	-0.1	173.7	178.3	180.3	180.8	0.3
Information	103.7	99.2	99.2	98.5	-0.7	197.9	195.5	194.1	194.9	0.4
Financial activities	119.4	119.2	118.3	119.1	0.7	240.6	251.5	251.4	255.5	1.6
Professional and business services	147.2	147.3	146.7	147.0	0.2	290.2	301.3	301.1	302.9	0.6
Private education and health services	149.7	154.0	154.5	155.2	0.5	292.1	308.0	310.2	311.3	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	126.4	130.4	129.5	130.7	0.9	261.8	279.6	280.3	285.8	2.0
Other services	102.6	105.4	105.1	105.2	0.1	188.8	199.3	199.5	200.2	0.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.