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For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, September 24, 2019 USDL-19-1691 Technical information: (202) 691-6339 * atusinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/tus Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov JOB FLEXIBILITIES AND WORK SCHEDULES -- 2017-2018 DATA FROM THE AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY In 2017-18, about 36 million wage and salary workers (25 percent) worked at home at least occasionally, and 15 percent of wage and salary workers had days they only worked at home, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Fifty-seven percent of workers had a flexible schedule in which they could vary the times they began and stopped working. Data in this news release are averages of data collected throughout 2017 and 2018 from a supplement to the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), the 2017-18 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module, and sponsored by the Department of Labor's Women's Bureau. Data on job flexibilities and work schedules were collected directly from wage and salary workers, excluding the self-employed. Estimates in this news release apply only to a person's sole or main job. For individuals with more than one job, the main job is the job in which they usually work the most hours. For more information about the ATUS Leave and Job Flexibilities Module, see the Technical Note. Work at home in 2017-18 --Forty-two million wage and salary workers (29 percent) could work at home, and 36 million workers (25 percent) sometimes worked at home. Among those who worked at home, 24 percent did so because of a personal preference, 23 percent worked at home to catch up on work, 22 percent did so to coordinate their work schedule with personal or family needs, and 16 percent did so because the job required it. (See tables 1 and 2.) --Of the 25 percent of wage and salary workers who worked at home at least occasionally, 67 percent were paid for this work, 21 percent were not paid for this work, and 12 percent performed both paid and unpaid work at home. (See table 1.) --Twenty-one million workers--15 percent of all wage and salary workers--had days they only worked at home. Just over one-half of these workers worked one day or more per week at home, and about one-seventh worked at home five or more days per week. (See table 3.) --Among wage and salary workers, men and women were equally likely to work at home (25 percent), and about equally likely to receive pay for this work (67 percent and 66 percent, respectively). (See table 1.) --Among those who worked at home, women were more likely than men to work at home to finish or catch up on work (26 percent, compared with 21 percent) and to coordinate their work schedule with personal or family needs (25 percent, compared with 20 percent). Men were more likely than women to work at home because of a personal preference (27 percent, compared with 21 percent). (See table 2.) --Wage and salary workers who were Hispanic or Latino were less likely to work at home than workers who were not Hispanic or Latino (13 percent, compared with 27 percent). Blacks were less likely to work at home than Whites or Asians (18 percent, compared with 26 percent and 32 percent, respectively). (See table 1.) --About 1 in 20 workers ages 15 to 24 worked at home at least occasionally. Workers 25 years and older were far more likely to work at home. (See table 1.) --Among wage and salary workers, parents living with children under age 18 were more likely to work at home than workers who were not parents with children at home (30 percent, compared with 22 percent). Of these parents who worked at home, 29 percent did so to coordinate their work schedule with their personal or family needs. (See tables 1 and 2.) --Workers with advanced education were more likely to perform work at home. Among wage and salary workers age 25 and over, 47 percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher worked at home at least occasionally, compared with 9 percent of workers with only a high school diploma and 3 percent of workers with less than a high school diploma. (See table 1.) --In 2017-18, about one-half of workers in management, business, and financial operations occupations sometimes worked at home. These workers were more likely to work at home than workers employed in other occupations. (See table 1.) Flexible schedules in 2017-18 --Fifty-seven percent of wage and salary workers had a flexible schedule in which they were able to vary the times they began and stopped working. Of these workers, 35 percent were able to frequently change their schedule, 46 percent could do so occasionally, and 19 percent could vary their hours only rarely. (See table 4.) --Of those workers who had a flexible schedule, 29 percent had a formal arrangement with their employer that permitted this flexibility. Public sector workers were more likely to have a formal policy governing this arrangement than were private sector workers (44 percent, compared with 27 percent). (See table 4.) --Women and men were about equally likely to have a flexible work schedule (56 percent and 57 percent, respectively). Among workers with a flexible schedule, women were more likely than men to have formal arrangements allowing this flexibility (32 percent, compared with 27 percent). (See table 4.) --Wage and salary workers who were Hispanic or Latino were less likely to have a flexible work schedule than were workers who were not Hispanic or Latino--50 percent, compared with 58 percent. Whites (57 percent), Blacks (55 percent), and Asians (55 percent) were about equally likely to have a flexible work schedule. (See table 4.) Advanced notice of work schedules in 2017-18 --Among all wage and salary workers, 55 percent knew their work schedule four weeks or more in advance, and 19 percent learned their work schedule less than one week in advance. (See table 5.) --Men were more likely than women to learn their work schedule less than one week in advance--24 percent, compared with 14 percent. (See table 5.) --Among wage and salary workers age 25 and over, 31 percent of workers with less than a high school diploma learned their work schedule less than one week in advance, compared with 14 percent of workers with a bachelor's degree or higher. (See table 5.) --Thirty-six percent of wage and salary workers did not have a flexible work schedule and had employers who decided their schedule without their input. Of these workers, a majority (67 percent) knew their schedule four weeks or more in advance, while 15 percent learned their work schedule less than one week in advance. (See table 6.) --Fifty-seven percent of wage and salary workers in construction and extraction occupations did not have a flexible work schedule and had employers who decided their schedule. Of these workers, 43 percent learned their work schedule less than one week in advance. (See table 6.) Shift work in 2017-18 --Eighty-four percent of wage and salary workers worked a regular daytime schedule in 2017-18. Sixteen percent of workers usually worked a non-daytime schedule, including 6 percent of workers who worked evenings, and 4 percent who worked nights. The remaining workers had a rotating shift, a split shift, an irregular schedule, or some other schedule. (See table 7.) --Among wage and salary workers who worked non-daytime hours, 39 percent did so because it was the nature of the job, 19 percent because of a personal preference, and 12 percent worked these hours to allow time for school or another job. (See table 8.) --Female workers were less likely than male workers to work non-daytime hours--15 percent, compared with 18 percent. Among those who worked non-daytime schedules, women were twice as likely as men to work these hours because they allowed for better arrangements for their families (14 percent, compared with 7 percent). (See tables 7 and 8.) --Among single jobholders, part-time wage and salary workers were twice as likely to work a non-daytime schedule as were full-time workers (27 percent, compared with 14 percent). Among part-time workers, 14 percent worked an evening shift, 5 percent worked an irregular schedule, and 4 percent worked a night shift. (See table 7.) --Workers employed in the leisure and hospitality industry (37 percent), transportation and utilities industry (26 percent), and wholesale and retail trade industry (25 percent) were more likely to work a non-daytime schedule than workers in other industries. (See table 7.) --Sixty-eight percent of wage and salary workers usually worked Monday through Friday, and 9 percent of workers usually worked on Saturday and Sunday. (See table 9.) Additional Data All ATUS 2017-18 data files, including the Leave and Job Flexibilities Module files, are available for users to do their own tabulations and analyses. In accordance with BLS and Census Bureau policies that protect the privacy of survey respondents, identifying information does not appear on the data files. The 2017-18 data files are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/tus/data.htm.
Technical Note The data in this release were collected with a supplementary set of questions, the 2017-18 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module, asked as part of the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) in 2017 and 2018. The ATUS—a continuous survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics—focuses on obtaining information about how individuals age 15 and over spend their time. For more information about the survey, see the ATUS User’s Guide at www.bls.gov/tus/atususersguide.pdf. The 2017-18 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module was sponsored by the Department of Labor's Women's Bureau. The purpose of this module was to obtain information about workers' access to and use of leave, job flexibilities, and work schedules. The data in this release pertain to wage and salary workers and their main job. The data exclude all self-employed workers. Respondents to the 2017-18 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module answered questions about access to paid and unpaid leave, reasons for taking leave, use of leave, times when leave was needed but not taken, ability to adjust work schedules, shift work, advance notice of schedules, control over their schedules, work-at-home arrangements, and other related topics. There were about 10,000 respondents to the Leave and Job Flexibilities Module in 2017-18. Data in this release are about job flexibilities and work schedules. These data were collected directly from wage and salary workers, and they thus represent workers' knowledge on these topics. Leave and Job Flexibilities Module data were collected from January 2017 through December 2018. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. Questions and concepts The 2017-18 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module was introduced with the statement, "The next few questions are about paid and unpaid leave from a job." Following the introduction, respondents were asked whether they receive paid leave at their main job and, if so, the reasons for which they can take paid leave. Respondents were then asked about their ability to take leave without pay and reasons for which they can take unpaid leave from their main job. Respondents with access to paid or unpaid leave were asked whether they had taken any leave during the past 7 days. If they took leave, they were asked about the length and main reason for taking leave. In the next set of questions, respondents were asked about how much flexibility they have in arranging their work schedules. Respondents were asked if they can vary or change the times they begin and end work. If able to do so, respondents were asked how often they can change these times, and whether their ability to do so was governed by a formal or informal arrangement with their employer. Workers unable to vary the times they begin and end work were asked whether they have input into their work schedules. Respondents were then asked how far in advance they know their work schedules. Next, respondents were asked about the time of day and days of the week they usually work. Those working a non-daytime schedule were asked about the shift they usually work, and the main reason why they work this shift. Respondents were then asked on which days they usually work during the week. Next, respondents were asked if they can work at home. Respondents who indicated they can work at home were asked if they ever do work at home, if they are paid for the hours they work at home, and the main reason they work at home. Those who do work at home were asked if there are days they work only at home and, if so, how often. In the last section, respondents were asked if there were times during the past month in which they needed to take off from work but did not. If so, respondents were asked their reasons for needing to take leave. Respondents with access to paid or unpaid leave were asked about their reasons for not using leave. The Leave and Job Flexibilities Module questionnaire is available at www.bls.gov/tus/lvmquestionnaire1718.pdf. Definitions Employment and earnings --Employed. All persons who: 1) At any time during the 7 days prior to the interview did any work at all as paid employees, or worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm; or 2) Were not working during the 7 days prior to the interview but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labor-management disputes, maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs; or 3) Usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise. --Employed full time. For the purpose of producing estimates related to job flexibility and work schedules, full-time workers are single jobholders who usually worked 35 or more hours per week. --Employed part time. For the purpose of producing estimates related to job flexibility and work schedules, part-time workers are single jobholders who usually worked fewer than 35 hours per week. --Main job. For persons holding more than one job, the questions in the Leave and Job Flexibilities Module referred to the characteristics of their main job—the job in which they usually worked the most hours. --Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors. For the purpose of producing estimates related to job flexibility and work schedules, wage and salary workers do not include any self-employed workers; this differs from the annual ATUS news release, in which workers who are self-employed and whose businesses are incorporated are classified as wage and salary workers. --Usual weekly earnings. Estimates represent the earnings of full-time wage and salary workers with one job only, before taxes and other deductions. --Weekly earnings quartiles. The ranges used for the quartiles represent approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job. For example, 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers with one job only had weekly earnings of $590 or less in 2017 and $630 or less in 2018. Weekly earnings in the 25th to the 50th percentile range amounted to $591 to $920 in 2017 and $631 to $960 in 2018. Weekly earnings in the 50th to the 75th percentile range were $921 to $1,440 in 2017 and $961 to $1,530 in 2018. Those earning greater than the 75th percentile had earnings of $1,441 and higher in 2017 and $1,531 and higher in 2018. Earnings ranges were estimated using the 2017 and 2018 ATUS data. Job flexibilities and work schedules --Work schedule flexibility. Respondents were asked "Do you have flexible work hours that allow you to vary or make changes in the times you begin and end work?" Respondents were identified as having work schedule flexibility if they answered "yes" to this question. --Workplace flexibility. Respondents were asked "As part of your job, can you work at home?" or, for those with multiple jobs, "As part of your main job, can you work at home?" Respondents were identified as having workplace flexibility if they answered "yes" to one of these questions. --Workers who did work at home. If respondents were identified as having workplace flexibility, they were asked "Do you ever work at home?" Those who answered "yes" to this question are classified as workers who did work at home. --Daytime schedule. The majority of time respondents worked was between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. --Evening shift. The majority of time respondents worked was between 2 p.m. and midnight. --Night shift. The majority of time respondents worked was between 9 p.m. and 8 a.m. --Rotating shift. Hours change periodically from days to evenings or nights. --Split shift. Hours consist of two distinct periods each day. --Number of days per week worked. Respondents were asked, "How many days of the week do you usually work?" or, for those with multiple jobs, "How many days of the week do you usually work at your main job?" --Usual days worked. Respondents were asked, "Which days of the week do you usually work?" or, for those with multiple jobs, "Which days of the week do you usually work at your main job?" Some respondents identified the days they usually worked and also said their schedule varies. Comparability of the estimates ATUS time-use data Estimates about work at home presented in this news release differ from estimates generated from other surveys, including estimates on work at home presented in the annual ATUS news release. Data collected in the 2017-18 ATUS Leave and Job Flexibilities Module measure whether workers can and do work at home at their main jobs, whether they are paid for this work, their reasons for working at home, and their frequency of working at home. By contrast, annual data from the ATUS provide measures about the population of workers who work at home on a given day. These estimates are derived from data collected in the time diary. Workers who sometimes work at home, but did not report working at home in their one-day diary, are not counted in the estimates about work at home. Additionally, ATUS estimates about work at home include a mix of both scheduled and unscheduled work. Reported work times may have been as short as one minute spent checking a work email account to more than a 12-hour work shift. 2011 ATUS Leave Module The 2017-18 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module questionnaire is a re-designed and improved version of the 2011 Leave Module questionnaire. Questions were added, dropped, and modified. The 2011 Leave Module included some questions about workers' ability to adjust their work schedule or location instead of taking time off from work. In 2017-18, these questions were replaced with questions about workers' usual schedules and their access to schedule and workplace flexibility. Estimates about workers who can adjust their schedule or location in the news release "Access to and use of leave—2011 data from the American Time Use Survey" are not comparable with the 2017-18 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module estimates appearing in this news release. 2004 May CPS Supplement There are some key differences between the 2017-18 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module and the May 2004 Current Population Survey (CPS) supplement about work schedules, job-related work at home, and other related topics. These differences affect the comparability of estimates from the ATUS module and the CPS supplement. The 2017-18 ATUS Leave and Job Flexibilities Module collected information from wage and salary workers only, while the 2004 CPS supplement collected information about all employed workers. While many questions in the two collections were similar, the ordering of the questions and context in which they were asked differed between the ATUS module and the CPS supplement. In addition, collection periods differed. The ATUS module was conducted continuously from January 2017 through December 2018, while the CPS supplement was conducted during May 2004 only. Also, the ATUS module asked respondents about themselves, while CPS respondents answered questions about themselves and others in the household. These methodological and other differences prevent the direct comparison of published estimates from the May 2004 CPS supplement and the ATUS module. Estimates published in the news release "Work at Home in 2004" are not comparable with the estimates presented in this news release. The 2004 news release presented estimates for all workers (including self-employed workers) who usually worked at home at least once per week as part of their primary job in nonagricultural industries. This news release includes work-at-home estimates for wage and salary workers in all industries, regardless of how frequently the workers worked at home. Similarly, estimates in the news release "Workers on Flexible and Shift Schedules in May 2004" are not comparable with estimates provided in this news release. The 2004 estimates refer to job flexibility and work schedules for full-time wage and salary workers on their main job. This news release includes estimates for both full- and part-time wage and salary workers on their main job. Employer-based surveys Estimates of access to job flexibility that are derived from responses to household (or employee-based) surveys may differ from estimates produced using establishment (or employer-based) surveys. Establishment surveys often provide more detailed and specific data on employer policies, while household surveys provide information about the experiences and characteristics of people and their households. Household data from the 2017-18 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module allow researchers to examine job flexibilities in the context of workers' demographics, such as their sex, age, ethnicity, education, and race. These data also provide insight into the reasons why people work at home and why they work non-daytime schedules when they do. In addition, employer-based surveys often measure the incidence of more formal arrangements between employers and their employees. The 2017-18 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module captures both formal and informal arrangements governing access to job flexibility. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the ATUS Leave and Job Flexibilities Module are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a given survey design are unbiased when an average of the estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values that include the true population value with known probabilities. If the process of selecting a sample from the population were repeated many times, an estimate made from each sample, and a suitable estimate of its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate would include the true population value. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The ATUS Leave and Job Flexibilities Module data also are affected by nonsampling error, which is the average difference between population and sample values for samples generated by a given process. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
Characteristic | Total workers (in thousands) |
Workers who could work at home | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (in thou- sands) |
Percent of total workers |
Workers who did work at home | |||||||
Total (in thou- sands) |
Percent of total workers |
Percent distribution by whether at-home work was for pay |
|||||||
Total | Paid | Unpaid | Both | ||||||
Age |
|||||||||
Total, 15 years and over |
144,295 | 41,571 | 28.8 | 35,724 | 24.8 | 100.0 | 66.8 | 21.4 | 11.8 |
15 to 24 years |
21,296 | 1,429 | 6.7 | 1,122 | 5.3 | s | s | s | s |
25 to 34 years |
33,682 | 10,566 | 31.4 | 8,595 | 25.5 | 100.0 | 68.9 | 19.0 | 12.1 |
35 to 44 years |
30,159 | 10,923 | 36.2 | 9,766 | 32.4 | 100.0 | 67.5 | 19.9 | 12.6 |
45 to 54 years |
29,484 | 9,576 | 32.5 | 8,417 | 28.5 | 100.0 | 65.0 | 22.8 | 12.2 |
55 to 64 years |
22,514 | 7,253 | 32.2 | 6,237 | 27.7 | 100.0 | 67.6 | 22.6 | 9.8 |
65 years and over |
7,160 | 1,823 | 25.5 | 1,587 | 22.2 | 100.0 | 54.9 | 35.0 | 10.1 |
Sex |
|||||||||
Men |
74,830 | 21,849 | 29.2 | 18,726 | 25.0 | 100.0 | 67.3 | 20.7 | 12.0 |
Women |
69,465 | 19,722 | 28.4 | 16,998 | 24.5 | 100.0 | 66.2 | 22.2 | 11.6 |
Race(1) |
|||||||||
White |
115,129 | 34,390 | 29.9 | 29,460 | 25.6 | 100.0 | 66.7 | 20.9 | 12.4 |
Black or African American |
17,924 | 3,522 | 19.7 | 3,158 | 17.6 | 100.0 | 66.8 | 25.3 | 7.9 |
Asian |
7,849 | 2,902 | 37.0 | 2,486 | 31.7 | 100.0 | 71.9 | 18.6 | 9.4 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(2) |
|||||||||
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
24,375 | 3,961 | 16.2 | 3,197 | 13.1 | 100.0 | 63.7 | 27.5 | 8.8 |
Non-Hispanic or Latino |
119,920 | 37,610 | 31.4 | 32,526 | 27.1 | 100.0 | 67.1 | 20.8 | 12.1 |
Educational attainment (25 years and over) |
|||||||||
Less than a high school diploma |
6,743 | 280 | 4.2 | 215 | 3.2 | s | s | s | s |
High school graduates, no college |
31,425 | 3,956 | 12.6 | 2,900 | 9.2 | 100.0 | 77.7 | 18.9 | 3.4 |
Some college or associate degree |
29,407 | 7,118 | 24.2 | 5,729 | 19.5 | 100.0 | 70.3 | 18.9 | 10.8 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
55,424 | 28,788 | 51.9 | 25,758 | 46.5 | 100.0 | 64.8 | 22.4 | 12.8 |
Parent of a household child |
|||||||||
Parent of a household child under 18 years |
47,693 | 16,477 | 34.5 | 14,506 | 30.4 | 100.0 | 67.6 | 20.7 | 11.7 |
Parent of a child 13 to 17 years (none younger) |
10,003 | 3,315 | 33.1 | 3,031 | 30.3 | 100.0 | 67.3 | 22.6 | 10.2 |
Parent of a child under 13 years |
37,690 | 13,163 | 34.9 | 11,475 | 30.4 | 100.0 | 67.6 | 20.3 | 12.1 |
Not a parent of a household child under 18 years |
96,602 | 25,094 | 26.0 | 21,218 | 22.0 | 100.0 | 66.2 | 21.9 | 11.9 |
Occupation |
|||||||||
Management, business, and financial operations |
22,754 | 13,679 | 60.1 | 11,664 | 51.3 | 100.0 | 67.4 | 20.3 | 12.3 |
Professional and related |
40,284 | 17,108 | 42.5 | 15,294 | 38.0 | 100.0 | 64.3 | 23.5 | 12.2 |
Services |
23,548 | 1,468 | 6.2 | 1,201 | 5.1 | 100.0 | 70.4 | 25.1 | 4.6 |
Sales and related |
11,290 | 3,205 | 28.4 | 2,813 | 24.9 | 100.0 | 62.9 | 21.1 | 16.0 |
Office and administrative support |
18,967 | 4,602 | 24.3 | 3,525 | 18.6 | 100.0 | 77.5 | 14.6 | 7.9 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction and extraction |
5,853 | 469 | 8.0 | 381 | 6.5 | s | s | s | s |
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
4,053 | 390 | 9.6 | 300 | 7.4 | s | s | s | s |
Production |
8,560 | 374 | 4.4 | 320 | 3.7 | s | s | s | s |
Transportation and material moving |
7,859 | 234 | 3.0 | 202 | 2.6 | s | s | s | s |
Industry |
|||||||||
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting |
1,634 | 182 | 11.1 | 170 | 10.4 | s | s | s | s |
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction |
6,860 | 1,177 | 17.2 | 989 | 14.4 | 100.0 | 58.7 | 27.2 | 14.1 |
Manufacturing |
16,185 | 4,905 | 30.3 | 4,166 | 25.7 | 100.0 | 72.8 | 16.4 | 10.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
18,030 | 2,975 | 16.5 | 2,511 | 13.9 | 100.0 | 71.3 | 16.7 | 12.0 |
Transportation and utilities |
7,357 | 1,033 | 14.0 | 922 | 12.5 | 100.0 | 62.9 | 25.0 | 12.0 |
Information |
2,685 | 1,432 | 53.3 | 1,212 | 45.1 | 100.0 | 75.0 | 12.7 | 12.3 |
Financial activities |
10,370 | 5,949 | 57.4 | 4,838 | 46.7 | 100.0 | 70.0 | 15.5 | 14.5 |
Professional and business services |
16,778 | 8,955 | 53.4 | 7,957 | 47.4 | 100.0 | 81.1 | 8.6 | 10.2 |
Education and health services |
37,294 | 9,652 | 25.9 | 8,823 | 23.7 | 100.0 | 49.6 | 37.6 | 12.7 |
Leisure and hospitality |
13,450 | 1,179 | 8.8 | 913 | 6.8 | s | s | s | s |
Other services |
5,475 | 1,518 | 27.7 | 1,236 | 22.6 | 100.0 | 66.2 | 24.3 | 9.5 |
Public administration |
7,552 | 2,253 | 29.8 | 1,650 | 21.8 | 100.0 | 67.2 | 17.0 | 15.8 |
Class of worker |
|||||||||
Private sector |
118,872 | 34,884 | 29.3 | 29,983 | 25.2 | 100.0 | 70.9 | 18.3 | 10.8 |
Private, for profit |
107,072 | 30,638 | 28.6 | 26,229 | 24.5 | 100.0 | 71.7 | 17.2 | 11.1 |
Private, not for profit |
11,800 | 4,247 | 36.0 | 3,754 | 31.8 | 100.0 | 65.4 | 26.3 | 8.3 |
Public sector |
25,423 | 6,687 | 26.3 | 5,741 | 22.6 | 100.0 | 45.2 | 37.7 | 17.2 |
Federal government |
4,595 | 1,444 | 31.4 | 1,128 | 24.5 | 100.0 | 78.1 | 14.1 | 7.9 |
State government |
8,807 | 3,155 | 35.8 | 2,792 | 31.7 | 100.0 | 42.1 | 38.6 | 19.3 |
Local government |
12,022 | 2,087 | 17.4 | 1,822 | 15.2 | 100.0 | 29.6 | 50.8 | 19.6 |
Full- and part-time status (single jobholders only)(3) |
|||||||||
Full-time workers |
106,369 | 34,678 | 32.6 | 29,627 | 27.9 | 100.0 | 65.3 | 21.9 | 12.9 |
Part-time workers |
25,882 | 3,540 | 13.7 | 3,082 | 11.9 | 100.0 | 72.9 | 22.0 | 5.2 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers |
|||||||||
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
25,200 | 2,314 | 9.2 | 1,656 | 6.6 | 100.0 | 60.9 | 33.0 | 6.1 |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
26,521 | 5,337 | 20.1 | 4,119 | 15.5 | 100.0 | 63.7 | 27.6 | 8.7 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
27,193 | 10,148 | 37.3 | 8,609 | 31.7 | 100.0 | 66.9 | 20.2 | 12.9 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
27,454 | 16,879 | 61.5 | 15,242 | 55.5 | 100.0 | 65.2 | 20.0 | 14.7 |
Work schedule flexibility(4) |
|||||||||
Had flexible schedule |
81,533 | 34,243 | 42.0 | 29,753 | 36.5 | 100.0 | 71.1 | 16.0 | 12.9 |
Did not have flexible schedule |
62,762 | 7,328 | 11.7 | 5,971 | 9.5 | 100.0 | 45.2 | 48.5 | 6.3 |
(1) Estimates for race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to the totals because data are not presented for all races. |
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Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to workers 15 years and over. |
Characteristic | Total, workers who did work at home (in thousands) |
Percent distribution by main reason for working at home | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Finish or catch up on work |
Job requires working at home |
Coordinate work schedule with personal or family needs |
Reduce commuting time or expense |
Personal preference |
Weather | Other | ||
Age |
|||||||||
Total, 15 years and over |
35,724 | 100.0 | 23.0 | 16.0 | 22.4 | 9.3 | 23.9 | 3.7 | 1.8 |
15 to 24 years |
1,122 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
25 to 34 years |
8,595 | 100.0 | 24.3 | 12.2 | 22.1 | 9.2 | 27.0 | 4.1 | 1.2 |
35 to 44 years |
9,766 | 100.0 | 23.8 | 15.8 | 27.6 | 9.4 | 20.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 |
45 to 54 years |
8,417 | 100.0 | 22.7 | 15.6 | 21.6 | 10.9 | 23.1 | 4.2 | 2.0 |
55 to 64 years |
6,237 | 100.0 | 23.1 | 18.0 | 18.5 | 8.6 | 23.3 | 5.4 | 3.1 |
65 years and over |
1,587 | 100.0 | 21.6 | 24.5 | 9.9 | 5.9 | 28.9 | 5.3 | 4.0 |
Sex |
|||||||||
Men |
18,726 | 100.0 | 20.7 | 16.3 | 20.3 | 9.9 | 26.6 | 4.0 | 2.1 |
Women |
16,998 | 100.0 | 25.5 | 15.5 | 24.8 | 8.5 | 20.9 | 3.4 | 1.4 |
Race(1) |
|||||||||
White |
29,460 | 100.0 | 23.6 | 15.8 | 21.6 | 9.2 | 24.8 | 3.7 | 1.4 |
Black or African American |
3,158 | 100.0 | 22.5 | 24.0 | 16.1 | 10.0 | 17.2 | 4.5 | 5.6 |
Asian |
2,486 | 100.0 | 13.4 | 9.8 | 39.1 | 10.5 | 22.0 | 3.1 | 2.1 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(2) |
|||||||||
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
3,197 | 100.0 | 30.3 | 16.2 | 20.0 | 7.6 | 22.4 | 2.1 | 1.4 |
Non-Hispanic or Latino |
32,526 | 100.0 | 22.3 | 15.9 | 22.7 | 9.4 | 24.0 | 3.9 | 1.8 |
Educational attainment (25 years and over) |
|||||||||
Less than a high school diploma |
215 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
High school graduates, no college |
2,900 | 100.0 | 21.4 | 24.4 | 22.6 | 7.1 | 14.6 | 2.7 | 7.1 |
Some college or associate degree |
5,729 | 100.0 | 18.9 | 18.2 | 25.0 | 8.0 | 20.8 | 6.5 | 2.7 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
25,758 | 100.0 | 24.6 | 14.0 | 21.8 | 10.1 | 25.1 | 3.3 | 1.1 |
Parent of a household child |
|||||||||
Parent of a household child under 18 years |
14,506 | 100.0 | 24.0 | 15.5 | 29.4 | 8.8 | 18.8 | 2.1 | 1.5 |
Parent of a child 13 to 17 years (none younger) |
3,031 | 100.0 | 25.7 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 8.3 | 22.5 | 4.1 | 1.5 |
Parent of a child under 13 years |
11,475 | 100.0 | 23.6 | 14.6 | 32.2 | 8.9 | 17.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
Not a parent of a household child under 18 years |
21,218 | 100.0 | 22.3 | 16.3 | 17.7 | 9.6 | 27.4 | 4.8 | 2.0 |
Occupation |
|||||||||
Management, business, and financial operations |
11,664 | 100.0 | 22.4 | 15.0 | 25.7 | 9.5 | 23.1 | 3.7 | 0.5 |
Professional and related |
15,294 | 100.0 | 25.9 | 12.3 | 21.5 | 10.4 | 25.2 | 2.5 | 2.2 |
Services |
1,201 | 100.0 | 21.2 | 32.3 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 15.0 | 1.0 | 10.7 |
Sales and related |
2,813 | 100.0 | 19.7 | 27.6 | 13.2 | 9.0 | 24.0 | 5.1 | 1.4 |
Office and administrative support |
3,525 | 100.0 | 17.0 | 18.7 | 30.7 | 4.8 | 21.1 | 7.1 | 0.6 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction and extraction |
381 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
300 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Production |
320 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Transportation and material moving |
202 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Industry |
|||||||||
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting |
170 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction |
989 | 100.0 | 20.7 | 8.7 | 26.1 | 9.5 | 20.7 | 9.1 | 5.2 |
Manufacturing |
4,166 | 100.0 | 16.4 | 18.2 | 28.7 | 6.1 | 23.0 | 6.2 | 1.4 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
2,511 | 100.0 | 27.5 | 17.1 | 25.6 | 7.7 | 19.6 | 1.8 | 0.7 |
Transportation and utilities |
922 | 100.0 | 25.3 | 19.5 | 19.1 | 9.7 | 18.3 | 8.0 | z |
Information |
1,212 | 100.0 | 18.2 | 13.8 | 27.9 | 17.2 | 19.3 | 1.0 | 2.6 |
Financial activities |
4,838 | 100.0 | 12.4 | 16.7 | 25.8 | 10.6 | 26.6 | 7.0 | 0.9 |
Professional and business services |
7,957 | 100.0 | 16.6 | 15.9 | 25.3 | 11.2 | 27.6 | 2.4 | 1.0 |
Education and health services |
8,823 | 100.0 | 38.5 | 13.4 | 15.7 | 4.4 | 23.3 | 2.6 | 2.2 |
Leisure and hospitality |
913 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Other services |
1,236 | 100.0 | 21.9 | 20.2 | 18.7 | 10.2 | 23.0 | 1.9 | 4.1 |
Public administration |
1,650 | 100.0 | 15.1 | 19.5 | 15.2 | 25.2 | 19.0 | 3.2 | 2.8 |
Class of worker |
|||||||||
Private sector |
29,983 | 100.0 | 20.4 | 16.8 | 24.0 | 8.9 | 24.2 | 3.8 | 1.9 |
Private, for profit |
26,229 | 100.0 | 19.1 | 17.3 | 25.0 | 9.6 | 23.7 | 3.8 | 1.5 |
Private, not for profit |
3,754 | 100.0 | 29.3 | 13.4 | 17.4 | 3.8 | 27.6 | 3.9 | 4.6 |
Public sector |
5,741 | 100.0 | 36.8 | 11.4 | 14.2 | 11.4 | 22.2 | 3.0 | 1.0 |
Federal government |
1,128 | 100.0 | 14.5 | 18.0 | 12.4 | 27.8 | 19.4 | 7.5 | 0.4 |
State government |
2,792 | 100.0 | 37.0 | 8.6 | 14.0 | 7.4 | 31.3 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
Local government |
1,822 | 100.0 | 50.2 | 11.7 | 15.6 | 7.4 | 9.9 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
Full- and part-time status (single jobholders only)(3) |
|||||||||
Full-time workers |
29,627 | 100.0 | 23.8 | 14.9 | 22.5 | 9.5 | 23.4 | 3.9 | 1.9 |
Part-time workers |
3,082 | 100.0 | 13.9 | 28.3 | 25.4 | 5.8 | 23.9 | 1.6 | 1.2 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary |
|||||||||
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
1,656 | 100.0 | 23.9 | 27.8 | 12.3 | 4.1 | 23.7 | 6.0 | 2.2 |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
4,119 | 100.0 | 31.6 | 17.0 | 20.2 | 4.8 | 20.6 | 3.4 | 2.3 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
8,609 | 100.0 | 25.5 | 14.7 | 23.1 | 8.5 | 19.6 | 5.9 | 2.7 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
15,242 | 100.0 | 20.7 | 13.1 | 23.8 | 11.9 | 26.3 | 2.7 | 1.3 |
Work schedule flexibility(4) |
|||||||||
Had flexible schedule |
29,753 | 100.0 | 19.2 | 16.2 | 24.1 | 9.9 | 25.7 | 3.4 | 1.5 |
Did not have flexible schedule |
5,971 | 100.0 | 41.7 | 14.9 | 14.2 | 6.2 | 14.8 | 5.3 | 2.9 |
(1) Estimates for race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to the total because data are not presented for all races. |
|||||||||
Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to workers 15 years and over. |
Characteristic | Total workers (in thou- sands) |
Workers who did work at home | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (in thou- sands) |
Percent of total workers |
Workers with days they worked exclusively at home(1) | |||||||||||
Total (in thou- sands) |
Percent of total workers |
Percent distribution by how often they worked exclusively at home(1) | |||||||||||
Total | Less than once per month |
Once a month |
Every 2 weeks |
At least 1 day per week |
1 to 2 days per week |
3 to 4 days per week |
5 or more days per week |
||||||
Age |
|||||||||||||
Total, 15 years and over |
144,295 | 35,724 | 24.8 | 21,273 | 14.7 | 100.0 | 18.4 | 13.5 | 13.1 | 10.2 | 17.4 | 12.8 | 14.5 |
15 to 24 years |
21,296 | 1,122 | 5.3 | 672 | 3.2 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
25 to 34 years |
33,682 | 8,595 | 25.5 | 5,363 | 15.9 | 100.0 | 22.1 | 13.7 | 13.0 | 12.5 | 18.0 | 10.2 | 10.6 |
35 to 44 years |
30,159 | 9,766 | 32.4 | 5,988 | 19.9 | 100.0 | 20.6 | 16.0 | 13.7 | 9.8 | 14.6 | 10.7 | 14.6 |
45 to 54 years |
29,484 | 8,417 | 28.5 | 5,045 | 17.1 | 100.0 | 17.0 | 13.9 | 12.2 | 9.5 | 16.9 | 12.7 | 17.9 |
55 to 64 years |
22,514 | 6,237 | 27.7 | 3,278 | 14.6 | 100.0 | 12.9 | 7.7 | 17.2 | 10.9 | 19.6 | 15.2 | 16.5 |
65 years and over |
7,160 | 1,587 | 22.2 | 927 | 12.9 | 100.0 | 14.8 | 8.5 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 31.3 | 16.8 | 13.9 |
Sex |
|||||||||||||
Men |
74,830 | 18,726 | 25.0 | 11,305 | 15.1 | 100.0 | 19.6 | 15.4 | 14.0 | 10.4 | 15.7 | 12.4 | 12.6 |
Women |
69,465 | 16,998 | 24.5 | 9,967 | 14.3 | 100.0 | 16.9 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 10.1 | 19.5 | 13.3 | 16.7 |
Race(2) |
|||||||||||||
White |
115,129 | 29,460 | 25.6 | 17,436 | 15.1 | 100.0 | 19.1 | 13.4 | 12.6 | 10.1 | 17.3 | 13.5 | 13.9 |
Black or African American |
17,924 | 3,158 | 17.6 | 2,001 | 11.2 | 100.0 | 11.3 | 10.5 | 14.0 | 6.9 | 23.8 | 8.4 | 25.1 |
Asian |
7,849 | 2,486 | 31.7 | 1,521 | 19.4 | 100.0 | 17.6 | 21.0 | 16.7 | 15.8 | 12.4 | 5.8 | 10.8 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(3) |
|||||||||||||
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
24,375 | 3,197 | 13.1 | 1,401 | 5.7 | 100.0 | 9.2 | 10.2 | 9.0 | 12.3 | 22.5 | 22.0 | 14.9 |
Non-Hispanic or Latino |
119,920 | 32,526 | 27.1 | 19,871 | 16.6 | 100.0 | 19.0 | 13.7 | 13.4 | 10.1 | 17.1 | 12.1 | 14.5 |
Educational attainment (25 years and over) |
|||||||||||||
Less than a high school diploma |
6,743 | 215 | 3.2 | 89 | 1.3 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
High school graduates, no college |
31,425 | 2,900 | 9.2 | 1,479 | 4.7 | 100.0 | 17.2 | 7.7 | 15.7 | 11.1 | 12.4 | 9.9 | 26.0 |
Some college or associate degree |
29,407 | 5,729 | 19.5 | 3,072 | 10.4 | 100.0 | 19.1 | 12.7 | 10.9 | 7.5 | 17.0 | 12.9 | 19.8 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
55,424 | 25,758 | 46.5 | 15,960 | 28.8 | 100.0 | 18.7 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 11.0 | 18.2 | 12.1 | 12.3 |
Parent of a household child |
|||||||||||||
Parent of a household child under 18 years |
47,693 | 14,506 | 30.4 | 8,717 | 18.3 | 100.0 | 20.1 | 15.4 | 12.3 | 11.5 | 16.6 | 9.3 | 14.8 |
Parent of a child 13 to 17 years (none younger) |
10,003 | 3,031 | 30.3 | 1,946 | 19.5 | 100.0 | 20.0 | 12.1 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 20.8 | 12.8 | 15.5 |
Parent of a child under 13 years |
37,690 | 11,475 | 30.4 | 6,771 | 18.0 | 100.0 | 20.2 | 16.4 | 13.1 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 8.3 | 14.6 |
Not a parent of a household child under 18 years |
96,602 | 21,218 | 22.0 | 12,556 | 13.0 | 100.0 | 17.1 | 12.2 | 13.7 | 9.4 | 18.0 | 15.2 | 14.3 |
Occupation |
|||||||||||||
Management, business, and financial operations |
22,754 | 11,664 | 51.3 | 7,021 | 30.9 | 100.0 | 18.8 | 16.0 | 14.7 | 9.6 | 19.2 | 8.8 | 12.8 |
Professional and related |
40,284 | 15,294 | 38.0 | 9,523 | 23.6 | 100.0 | 19.0 | 15.2 | 12.2 | 11.0 | 16.1 | 12.2 | 14.3 |
Services |
23,548 | 1,201 | 5.1 | 576 | 2.4 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Sales and related |
11,290 | 2,813 | 24.9 | 1,791 | 15.9 | 100.0 | 10.6 | 5.7 | 15.8 | 9.0 | 17.3 | 25.5 | 16.0 |
Office and administrative support |
18,967 | 3,525 | 18.6 | 1,847 | 9.7 | 100.0 | 18.1 | 8.4 | 11.4 | 9.4 | 14.7 | 22.3 | 15.6 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction and extraction |
5,853 | 381 | 6.5 | 208 | 3.6 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
4,053 | 300 | 7.4 | 61 | 1.5 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Production |
8,560 | 320 | 3.7 | 151 | 1.8 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Transportation and material moving |
7,859 | 202 | 2.6 | 83 | 1.1 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Industry |
|||||||||||||
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting |
1,634 | 170 | 10.4 | 72 | 4.4 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction |
6,860 | 989 | 14.4 | 400 | 5.8 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Manufacturing |
16,185 | 4,166 | 25.7 | 2,539 | 15.7 | 100.0 | 26.1 | 19.0 | 8.2 | 14.6 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 9.8 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
18,030 | 2,511 | 13.9 | 1,355 | 7.5 | 100.0 | 21.6 | 8.9 | 15.9 | 7.5 | 20.5 | 14.1 | 11.5 |
Transportation and utilities |
7,357 | 922 | 12.5 | 561 | 7.6 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Information |
2,685 | 1,212 | 45.1 | 818 | 30.5 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Financial activities |
10,370 | 4,838 | 46.7 | 3,131 | 30.2 | 100.0 | 14.1 | 7.6 | 12.4 | 8.9 | 25.9 | 13.7 | 17.5 |
Professional and business services |
16,778 | 7,957 | 47.4 | 5,517 | 32.9 | 100.0 | 19.1 | 13.4 | 15.1 | 8.1 | 15.1 | 12.7 | 16.5 |
Education and health services |
37,294 | 8,823 | 23.7 | 4,441 | 11.9 | 100.0 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 10.6 | 10.4 | 17.3 | 12.9 | 16.7 |
Leisure and hospitality |
13,450 | 913 | 6.8 | 496 | 3.7 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Other services |
5,475 | 1,236 | 22.6 | 678 | 12.4 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Public administration |
7,552 | 1,650 | 21.8 | 1,063 | 14.1 | 100.0 | 19.2 | 12.6 | 13.5 | 14.6 | 23.1 | 8.9 | 8.2 |
Class of worker |
|||||||||||||
Private sector |
118,872 | 29,983 | 25.2 | 18,248 | 15.4 | 100.0 | 18.5 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 9.8 | 16.9 | 12.6 | 15.6 |
Private, for profit |
107,072 | 26,229 | 24.5 | 16,119 | 15.1 | 100.0 | 19.1 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 10.2 | 16.9 | 12.4 | 14.9 |
Private, not for profit |
11,800 | 3,754 | 31.8 | 2,129 | 18.0 | 100.0 | 14.2 | 14.8 | 11.8 | 6.3 | 16.9 | 14.4 | 21.5 |
Public sector |
25,423 | 5,741 | 22.6 | 3,024 | 11.9 | 100.0 | 17.6 | 15.7 | 11.4 | 13.2 | 20.7 | 13.7 | 7.7 |
Federal government |
4,595 | 1,128 | 24.5 | 760 | 16.5 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
State government |
8,807 | 2,792 | 31.7 | 1,648 | 18.7 | 100.0 | 20.5 | 18.3 | 9.0 | 16.0 | 17.1 | 14.0 | 5.1 |
Local government |
12,022 | 1,822 | 15.2 | 616 | 5.1 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Full- and part-time status (single jobholders only)(4) |
|||||||||||||
Full-time workers |
106,369 | 29,627 | 27.9 | 17,596 | 16.5 | 100.0 | 19.7 | 15.0 | 14.6 | 10.3 | 17.1 | 10.6 | 12.9 |
Part-time workers |
25,882 | 3,082 | 11.9 | 1,933 | 7.5 | 100.0 | 9.9 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 7.6 | 16.9 | 33.0 | 23.2 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary |
|||||||||||||
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
25,200 | 1,656 | 6.6 | 1,021 | 4.1 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
26,521 | 4,119 | 15.5 | 1,960 | 7.4 | 100.0 | 19.7 | 6.8 | 11.5 | 7.9 | 18.2 | 17.0 | 18.9 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
27,193 | 8,609 | 31.7 | 4,951 | 18.2 | 100.0 | 26.3 | 15.8 | 14.7 | 8.4 | 15.6 | 6.7 | 12.5 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
27,454 | 15,242 | 55.5 | 9,664 | 35.2 | 100.0 | 16.3 | 16.4 | 15.4 | 11.6 | 18.6 | 11.6 | 10.1 |
Work schedule flexibility(5) |
|||||||||||||
Had flexible schedule |
81,533 | 29,753 | 36.5 | 18,945 | 23.2 | 100.0 | 17.3 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 10.3 | 17.7 | 13.3 | 14.0 |
Did not have flexible schedule |
62,762 | 5,971 | 9.5 | 2,328 | 3.7 | 100.0 | 26.9 | 11.8 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 15.6 | 8.3 | 18.7 |
(1) Includes workers who performed all of their work at home, regardless of how long they worked. |
|||||||||||||
Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to workers 15 years and over. |
Characteristic | Total workers (in thou- sands) |
Workers with flexible schedules(1) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (in thou- sands) |
Percent of total workers |
Percent distribution by how often workers could vary their schedules |
With formal flexible schedules | |||||||
Total | Fre- quently |
Occasion- ally |
Rarely | Total (in thou- sands) |
Percent of total workers |
Percent of all workers with flexible schedules |
||||
Age |
||||||||||
Total, 15 years and over |
144,295 | 81,533 | 56.5 | 100.0 | 34.8 | 46.0 | 19.2 | 23,516 | 16.3 | 28.8 |
15 to 24 years |
21,296 | 13,393 | 62.9 | 100.0 | 28.9 | 50.5 | 20.7 | 4,376 | 20.6 | 32.7 |
25 to 34 years |
33,682 | 18,831 | 55.9 | 100.0 | 33.7 | 46.5 | 19.8 | 5,915 | 17.6 | 31.4 |
35 to 44 years |
30,159 | 17,316 | 57.4 | 100.0 | 37.2 | 45.6 | 17.1 | 4,633 | 15.4 | 26.8 |
45 to 54 years |
29,484 | 15,693 | 53.2 | 100.0 | 36.7 | 44.5 | 18.7 | 4,225 | 14.3 | 26.9 |
55 to 64 years |
22,514 | 12,038 | 53.5 | 100.0 | 34.1 | 45.0 | 20.9 | 3,441 | 15.3 | 28.6 |
65 years and over |
7,160 | 4,263 | 59.5 | 100.0 | 42.2 | 39.5 | 18.3 | 926 | 12.9 | 21.7 |
Sex |
||||||||||
Men |
74,830 | 42,784 | 57.2 | 100.0 | 37.2 | 44.7 | 18.1 | 11,325 | 15.1 | 26.5 |
Women |
69,465 | 38,749 | 55.8 | 100.0 | 32.1 | 47.4 | 20.5 | 12,191 | 17.6 | 31.5 |
Race(2) |
||||||||||
White |
115,129 | 65,273 | 56.7 | 100.0 | 36.3 | 46.1 | 17.6 | 17,608 | 15.3 | 27.0 |
Black or African American |
17,924 | 9,803 | 54.7 | 100.0 | 26.4 | 45.2 | 28.4 | 4,087 | 22.8 | 41.7 |
Asian |
7,849 | 4,297 | 54.7 | 100.0 | 33.4 | 45.6 | 21.0 | 1,279 | 16.3 | 29.8 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(3) |
||||||||||
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
24,375 | 12,274 | 50.4 | 100.0 | 24.1 | 49.9 | 26.0 | 4,079 | 16.7 | 33.2 |
Non-Hispanic or Latino |
119,920 | 69,259 | 57.8 | 100.0 | 36.6 | 45.3 | 18.0 | 19,437 | 16.2 | 28.1 |
Educational attainment (25 years and over) |
||||||||||
Less than a high school diploma |
6,743 | 2,523 | 37.4 | 100.0 | 26.2 | 45.8 | 28.0 | 752 | 11.2 | 29.8 |
High school graduates, no college |
31,425 | 14,695 | 46.8 | 100.0 | 24.2 | 44.9 | 30.9 | 4,271 | 13.6 | 29.1 |
Some college or associate degree |
29,407 | 15,667 | 53.3 | 100.0 | 30.4 | 49.9 | 19.7 | 4,213 | 14.3 | 26.9 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
55,424 | 35,255 | 63.6 | 100.0 | 44.0 | 43.0 | 13.0 | 9,903 | 17.9 | 28.1 |
Parent of a household child |
||||||||||
Parent of a household child under 18 years |
47,693 | 26,506 | 55.6 | 100.0 | 35.6 | 45.3 | 19.0 | 7,179 | 15.1 | 27.1 |
Parent of a child 13 to 17 years (none younger) |
10,003 | 5,397 | 54.0 | 100.0 | 32.9 | 49.0 | 18.1 | 1,541 | 15.4 | 28.6 |
Parent of a child under 13 years |
37,690 | 21,109 | 56.0 | 100.0 | 36.3 | 44.4 | 19.3 | 5,638 | 15.0 | 26.7 |
Not a parent of a household child under 18 years |
96,602 | 55,027 | 57.0 | 100.0 | 34.3 | 46.3 | 19.3 | 16,337 | 16.9 | 29.7 |
Occupation |
||||||||||
Management, business, and financial operations |
22,754 | 16,808 | 73.9 | 100.0 | 41.0 | 46.0 | 12.9 | 4,360 | 19.2 | 25.9 |
Professional and related |
40,284 | 23,025 | 57.2 | 100.0 | 43.6 | 40.9 | 15.4 | 6,995 | 17.4 | 30.4 |
Services |
23,548 | 12,895 | 54.8 | 100.0 | 25.7 | 49.8 | 24.5 | 3,632 | 15.4 | 28.2 |
Sales and related |
11,290 | 7,612 | 67.4 | 100.0 | 38.8 | 45.2 | 16.0 | 2,441 | 21.6 | 32.1 |
Office and administrative support |
18,967 | 10,858 | 57.2 | 100.0 | 22.0 | 53.1 | 24.9 | 3,327 | 17.5 | 30.6 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction and extraction |
5,853 | 1,980 | 33.8 | 100.0 | 31.6 | 36.5 | 31.9 | 323 | 5.5 | 16.3 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
4,053 | 1,813 | 44.7 | 100.0 | 28.3 | 38.7 | 33.0 | 476 | 11.7 | 26.3 |
Production |
8,560 | 2,680 | 31.3 | 100.0 | 25.3 | 46.4 | 28.4 | 666 | 7.8 | 24.9 |
Transportation and material moving |
7,859 | 3,402 | 43.3 | 100.0 | 23.5 | 53.2 | 23.2 | 1,185 | 15.1 | 34.8 |
Industry |
||||||||||
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting |
1,634 | 831 | 50.9 | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction |
6,860 | 2,954 | 43.1 | 100.0 | 35.8 | 37.7 | 26.5 | 396 | 5.8 | 13.4 |
Manufacturing |
16,185 | 8,346 | 51.6 | 100.0 | 39.9 | 40.9 | 19.2 | 2,169 | 13.4 | 26.0 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
18,030 | 10,925 | 60.6 | 100.0 | 29.0 | 50.3 | 20.6 | 3,458 | 19.2 | 31.6 |
Transportation and utilities |
7,357 | 3,516 | 47.8 | 100.0 | 27.4 | 53.8 | 18.8 | 1,462 | 19.9 | 41.6 |
Information |
2,685 | 1,803 | 67.2 | 100.0 | 38.2 | 53.3 | 8.5 | 351 | 13.1 | 19.5 |
Financial activities |
10,370 | 7,068 | 68.2 | 100.0 | 37.7 | 49.6 | 12.7 | 2,029 | 19.6 | 28.7 |
Professional and business services |
16,778 | 12,065 | 71.9 | 100.0 | 45.4 | 42.0 | 12.7 | 3,030 | 18.1 | 25.1 |
Education and health services |
37,294 | 16,931 | 45.4 | 100.0 | 34.5 | 43.8 | 21.7 | 5,033 | 13.5 | 29.7 |
Leisure and hospitality |
13,450 | 8,953 | 66.6 | 100.0 | 25.4 | 50.8 | 23.9 | 2,308 | 17.2 | 25.8 |
Other services |
5,475 | 3,434 | 62.7 | 100.0 | 31.0 | 51.8 | 17.3 | 781 | 14.3 | 22.8 |
Public administration |
7,552 | 4,306 | 57.0 | 100.0 | 32.1 | 41.6 | 26.3 | 2,244 | 29.7 | 52.1 |
Class of worker |
||||||||||
Private sector |
118,872 | 70,707 | 59.5 | 100.0 | 35.1 | 46.3 | 18.6 | 18,792 | 15.8 | 26.6 |
Private, for profit |
107,072 | 64,079 | 59.8 | 100.0 | 34.5 | 46.5 | 19.0 | 17,293 | 16.2 | 27.0 |
Private, not for profit |
11,800 | 6,628 | 56.2 | 100.0 | 40.7 | 44.5 | 14.8 | 1,499 | 12.7 | 22.6 |
Public sector |
25,423 | 10,826 | 42.6 | 100.0 | 32.5 | 44.2 | 23.3 | 4,724 | 18.6 | 43.6 |
Federal government |
4,595 | 2,676 | 58.2 | 100.0 | 36.1 | 42.1 | 21.7 | 1,577 | 34.3 | 58.9 |
State government |
8,807 | 4,165 | 47.3 | 100.0 | 37.7 | 44.9 | 17.4 | 1,652 | 18.8 | 39.7 |
Local government |
12,022 | 3,984 | 33.1 | 100.0 | 24.7 | 45.0 | 30.4 | 1,494 | 12.4 | 37.5 |
Full- and part-time status (single jobholders only)(4) |
||||||||||
Full-time workers |
106,369 | 57,954 | 54.5 | 100.0 | 34.0 | 46.6 | 19.4 | 16,727 | 15.7 | 28.9 |
Part-time workers |
25,882 | 16,749 | 64.7 | 100.0 | 34.6 | 46.4 | 19.0 | 4,797 | 18.5 | 28.6 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary |
||||||||||
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
25,200 | 11,227 | 44.6 | 100.0 | 19.3 | 50.2 | 30.6 | 4,159 | 16.5 | 37.0 |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
26,521 | 12,708 | 47.9 | 100.0 | 25.0 | 50.8 | 24.3 | 3,359 | 12.7 | 26.4 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
27,193 | 14,680 | 54.0 | 100.0 | 34.1 | 48.4 | 17.5 | 4,069 | 15.0 | 27.7 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
27,454 | 19,340 | 70.4 | 100.0 | 48.5 | 40.4 | 11.1 | 5,139 | 18.7 | 26.6 |
Workplace flexibility(5) |
||||||||||
Could work at home |
41,571 | 34,243 | 82.4 | 100.0 | 48.6 | 39.8 | 11.7 | 9,365 | 22.5 | 27.3 |
Could not work at home |
102,338 | 47,072 | 46.0 | 100.0 | 24.7 | 50.6 | 24.7 | 14,084 | 13.8 | 29.9 |
(1) Workers with flexible schedules were able to vary or change the times they began and stopped working. |
||||||||||
Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to workers 15 years and over. |
Characteristic | Total workers (in thousands) |
Percent distribution by how far in advance workers knew their work schedules | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Less than 1 week | 1 to 2 weeks | 2 to 4 weeks | 4 weeks or more | ||||||||||
Age |
||||||||||||||
Total, 15 years and over |
144,295 | 100.0 | 18.7 | 16.4 | 9.7 | 55.2 | ||||||||
15 to 24 years |
21,296 | 100.0 | 23.6 | 30.4 | 16.6 | 29.4 | ||||||||
25 to 34 years |
33,682 | 100.0 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 9.6 | 57.6 | ||||||||
35 to 44 years |
30,159 | 100.0 | 16.8 | 12.6 | 8.3 | 62.3 | ||||||||
45 to 54 years |
29,484 | 100.0 | 18.0 | 13.5 | 6.9 | 61.5 | ||||||||
55 to 64 years |
22,514 | 100.0 | 19.3 | 11.7 | 8.6 | 60.4 | ||||||||
65 years and over |
7,160 | 100.0 | 23.4 | 18.3 | 9.9 | 48.4 | ||||||||
Sex |
||||||||||||||
Men |
74,830 | 100.0 | 23.5 | 17.8 | 8.4 | 50.2 | ||||||||
Women |
69,465 | 100.0 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 11.0 | 60.6 | ||||||||
Race(1) |
||||||||||||||
White |
115,129 | 100.0 | 18.6 | 16.1 | 9.4 | 55.9 | ||||||||
Black or African American |
17,924 | 100.0 | 20.8 | 16.6 | 9.3 | 53.3 | ||||||||
Asian |
7,849 | 100.0 | 13.8 | 19.0 | 14.5 | 52.8 | ||||||||
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(2) |
||||||||||||||
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
24,375 | 100.0 | 23.0 | 21.2 | 7.3 | 48.5 | ||||||||
Non-Hispanic or Latino |
119,920 | 100.0 | 17.8 | 15.4 | 10.2 | 56.6 | ||||||||
Educational attainment (25 years and over) |
||||||||||||||
Less than a high school diploma |
6,743 | 100.0 | 31.1 | 16.2 | 4.2 | 48.5 | ||||||||
High school graduates, no college |
31,425 | 100.0 | 21.8 | 16.3 | 8.9 | 53.1 | ||||||||
Some college or associate degree |
29,407 | 100.0 | 17.1 | 13.8 | 9.3 | 59.7 | ||||||||
Bachelor's degree and higher |
55,424 | 100.0 | 14.4 | 12.6 | 8.3 | 64.8 | ||||||||
Parent of a household child |
||||||||||||||
Parent of a household child under 18 years |
47,693 | 100.0 | 17.4 | 13.4 | 8.6 | 60.6 | ||||||||
Parent of a child 13 to 17 years (none younger) |
10,003 | 100.0 | 16.0 | 12.0 | 8.4 | 63.6 | ||||||||
Parent of a child under 13 years |
37,690 | 100.0 | 17.8 | 13.8 | 8.7 | 59.8 | ||||||||
Not a parent of a household child under 18 years |
96,602 | 100.0 | 19.3 | 17.9 | 10.2 | 52.6 | ||||||||
Occupation |
||||||||||||||
Management, business, and financial operations |
22,754 | 100.0 | 18.1 | 14.2 | 8.5 | 59.2 | ||||||||
Professional and related |
40,284 | 100.0 | 12.1 | 11.6 | 8.7 | 67.6 | ||||||||
Services |
23,548 | 100.0 | 23.2 | 25.8 | 12.5 | 38.6 | ||||||||
Sales and related |
11,290 | 100.0 | 21.0 | 28.2 | 20.5 | 30.4 | ||||||||
Office and administrative support |
18,967 | 100.0 | 12.2 | 13.9 | 9.7 | 64.3 | ||||||||
Farming, fishing, and forestry |
s | s | s | s | s | s | ||||||||
Construction and extraction |
5,853 | 100.0 | 39.6 | 13.1 | 4.1 | 43.2 | ||||||||
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
4,053 | 100.0 | 23.0 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 59.0 | ||||||||
Production |
8,560 | 100.0 | 18.6 | 14.7 | 2.9 | 63.9 | ||||||||
Transportation and material moving |
7,859 | 100.0 | 33.3 | 17.3 | 7.5 | 41.9 | ||||||||
Industry |
||||||||||||||
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting |
1,634 | 100.0 | 36.5 | 14.6 | 2.3 | 46.6 | ||||||||
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction |
s | s | s | s | s | s | ||||||||
Construction |
6,860 | 100.0 | 39.9 | 13.0 | 4.6 | 42.6 | ||||||||
Manufacturing |
16,185 | 100.0 | 19.7 | 13.7 | 6.6 | 60.1 | ||||||||
Wholesale and retail trade |
18,030 | 100.0 | 16.3 | 25.5 | 20.2 | 38.0 | ||||||||
Transportation and utilities |
7,357 | 100.0 | 27.4 | 12.8 | 5.4 | 54.4 | ||||||||
Information |
2,685 | 100.0 | 17.7 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 56.8 | ||||||||
Financial activities |
10,370 | 100.0 | 15.4 | 14.3 | 7.1 | 63.2 | ||||||||
Professional and business services |
16,778 | 100.0 | 24.2 | 13.6 | 7.0 | 55.2 | ||||||||
Education and health services |
37,294 | 100.0 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 8.3 | 70.4 | ||||||||
Leisure and hospitality |
13,450 | 100.0 | 26.4 | 34.9 | 14.4 | 24.4 | ||||||||
Other services |
5,475 | 100.0 | 16.0 | 20.2 | 12.1 | 51.6 | ||||||||
Public administration |
7,552 | 100.0 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 8.7 | 71.5 | ||||||||
Class of worker |
||||||||||||||
Private sector |
118,872 | 100.0 | 20.5 | 17.8 | 10.3 | 51.4 | ||||||||
Private, for profit |
107,072 | 100.0 | 21.7 | 18.4 | 10.5 | 49.3 | ||||||||
Private, not for profit |
11,800 | 100.0 | 9.1 | 12.5 | 8.4 | 70.1 | ||||||||
Public sector |
25,423 | 100.0 | 10.3 | 9.8 | 6.7 | 73.2 | ||||||||
Federal government |
4,595 | 100.0 | 11.1 | 13.8 | 9.9 | 65.2 | ||||||||
State government |
8,807 | 100.0 | 11.9 | 9.7 | 3.8 | 74.7 | ||||||||
Local government |
12,022 | 100.0 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 75.2 | ||||||||
Full- and part-time status (single jobholders only)(3) |
||||||||||||||
Full-time workers |
106,369 | 100.0 | 17.6 | 14.0 | 8.2 | 60.2 | ||||||||
Part-time workers |
25,882 | 100.0 | 22.9 | 27.3 | 14.5 | 35.2 | ||||||||
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers |
||||||||||||||
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
25,200 | 100.0 | 18.7 | 19.8 | 10.8 | 50.7 | ||||||||
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
26,521 | 100.0 | 16.0 | 12.4 | 8.3 | 63.3 | ||||||||
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
27,193 | 100.0 | 17.5 | 11.5 | 6.1 | 65.0 | ||||||||
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
27,454 | 100.0 | 18.2 | 12.8 | 7.9 | 61.1 | ||||||||
Work schedule flexibility(4) |
||||||||||||||
Had flexible schedule |
81,533 | 100.0 | 21.6 | 20.2 | 10.8 | 47.4 | ||||||||
Did not have flexible schedule |
62,762 | 100.0 | 15.0 | 11.5 | 8.2 | 65.3 | ||||||||
Worker had input into schedule |
10,681 | 100.0 | 16.2 | 13.4 | 12.1 | 58.3 | ||||||||
Employer decided schedule |
51,255 | 100.0 | 14.5 | 11.1 | 7.5 | 66.9 | ||||||||
Workplace flexibility(5) |
||||||||||||||
Could work at home |
41,571 | 100.0 | 19.3 | 13.9 | 7.1 | 59.7 | ||||||||
Could not work at home |
102,338 | 100.0 | 18.5 | 17.5 | 10.7 | 53.4 | ||||||||
(1) Estimates for race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to the total because data are not presented for all races. |
||||||||||||||
Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to workers 15 years and over. |
Characteristic | Total, workers without flexible schedules(1) (in thousands) |
Workers without flexible work schedules(1) as a percent of total workers |
Workers without flexible work schedules(1) whose employers decided their schedules | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (in thousands) |
Percent of total workers |
Percent distribution by how far in advance workers knew their work schedules |
|||||||
Total | Less than 1 week |
1 to 2 weeks | 2 to 4 weeks | 4 weeks or more |
|||||
Age |
|||||||||
Total, 15 years and over |
62,762 | 43.5 | 51,255 | 35.5 | 100.0 | 14.5 | 11.1 | 7.5 | 66.9 |
15 to 24 years |
7,903 | 37.1 | 5,682 | 26.7 | 100.0 | 17.2 | 23.8 | 14.4 | 44.5 |
25 to 34 years |
14,851 | 44.1 | 12,644 | 37.5 | 100.0 | 12.4 | 8.7 | 7.5 | 71.4 |
35 to 44 years |
12,843 | 42.6 | 10,387 | 34.4 | 100.0 | 11.9 | 8.7 | 6.3 | 73.1 |
45 to 54 years |
13,791 | 46.8 | 11,588 | 39.3 | 100.0 | 15.4 | 11.5 | 5.3 | 67.8 |
55 to 64 years |
10,476 | 46.5 | 8,625 | 38.3 | 100.0 | 16.1 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 68.7 |
65 years and over |
2,897 | 40.5 | 2,329 | 32.5 | 100.0 | 20.0 | 13.9 | 7.4 | 58.7 |
Sex |
|||||||||
Men |
32,047 | 42.8 | 26,458 | 35.4 | 100.0 | 19.7 | 13.5 | 6.1 | 60.6 |
Women |
30,715 | 44.2 | 24,797 | 35.7 | 100.0 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 73.7 |
Race(2) |
|||||||||
White |
49,856 | 43.3 | 40,999 | 35.6 | 100.0 | 14.0 | 10.4 | 7.6 | 68.0 |
Black or African American |
8,121 | 45.3 | 6,471 | 36.1 | 100.0 | 17.6 | 12.9 | 6.4 | 63.1 |
Asian |
3,552 | 45.3 | 2,735 | 34.8 | 100.0 | 8.6 | 14.9 | 10.0 | 66.5 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(3) |
|||||||||
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
12,101 | 49.6 | 10,263 | 42.1 | 100.0 | 23.1 | 14.7 | 5.1 | 57.1 |
Non-Hispanic or Latino |
50,661 | 42.2 | 40,993 | 34.2 | 100.0 | 12.3 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 69.4 |
Educational attainment (25 years and over) |
|||||||||
Less than a high school diploma |
4,219 | 62.6 | 3,780 | 56.1 | 100.0 | 32.3 | 11.2 | 2.2 | 54.4 |
High school graduates, no college |
16,731 | 53.2 | 14,168 | 45.1 | 100.0 | 20.5 | 12.7 | 6.5 | 60.3 |
Some college or associate degree |
13,740 | 46.7 | 11,314 | 38.5 | 100.0 | 12.3 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 69.3 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
20,169 | 36.4 | 16,310 | 29.4 | 100.0 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 81.8 |
Parent of a household child |
|||||||||
Parent of a household child under 18 years |
21,188 | 44.4 | 17,619 | 36.9 | 100.0 | 12.0 | 9.4 | 6.8 | 71.8 |
Parent of a child 13 to 17 years (none younger) |
4,606 | 46.0 | 3,970 | 39.7 | 100.0 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 6.9 | 74.6 |
Parent of a child under 13 years |
16,581 | 44.0 | 13,649 | 36.2 | 100.0 | 12.7 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 71.0 |
Not a parent of a household child under 18 years |
41,574 | 43.0 | 33,636 | 34.8 | 100.0 | 15.8 | 12.0 | 7.8 | 64.4 |
Occupation |
|||||||||
Management, business, and financial operations |
5,946 | 26.1 | 4,364 | 19.2 | 100.0 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 84.1 |
Professional and related |
17,259 | 42.8 | 14,061 | 34.9 | 100.0 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 7.7 | 81.1 |
Services |
10,654 | 45.2 | 8,596 | 36.5 | 100.0 | 16.5 | 16.8 | 14.2 | 52.4 |
Sales and related |
3,678 | 32.6 | 2,644 | 23.4 | 100.0 | 14.2 | 29.7 | 12.1 | 44.0 |
Office and administrative support |
8,109 | 42.8 | 6,604 | 34.8 | 100.0 | 11.2 | 8.1 | 9.1 | 71.6 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction and extraction |
3,872 | 66.2 | 3,343 | 57.1 | 100.0 | 42.7 | 8.5 | 1.6 | 47.3 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
2,240 | 55.3 | 1,823 | 45.0 | 100.0 | 24.1 | 8.6 | 1.8 | 65.5 |
Production |
5,880 | 68.7 | 5,566 | 65.0 | 100.0 | 15.6 | 14.6 | 2.9 | 66.9 |
Transportation and material moving |
4,457 | 56.7 | 3,754 | 47.8 | 100.0 | 27.8 | 14.7 | 3.9 | 53.7 |
Industry |
|||||||||
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting |
803 | 49.1 | 604 | 37.0 | s | s | s | s | s |
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction |
3,906 | 56.9 | 3,230 | 47.1 | 100.0 | 43.7 | 10.2 | 1.4 | 44.6 |
Manufacturing |
7,840 | 48.4 | 7,176 | 44.3 | 100.0 | 19.2 | 11.9 | 2.8 | 66.1 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
7,105 | 39.4 | 5,548 | 30.8 | 100.0 | 15.0 | 23.3 | 11.4 | 50.2 |
Transportation and utilities |
3,841 | 52.2 | 3,184 | 43.3 | 100.0 | 23.5 | 12.5 | 4.2 | 59.8 |
Information |
882 | 32.8 | 612 | 22.8 | s | s | s | s | s |
Financial activities |
3,302 | 31.8 | 2,499 | 24.1 | 100.0 | 3.1 | 6.5 | 3.9 | 86.5 |
Professional and business services |
4,712 | 28.1 | 4,013 | 23.9 | 100.0 | 20.0 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 68.8 |
Education and health services |
20,363 | 54.6 | 16,991 | 45.6 | 100.0 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 9.2 | 80.7 |
Leisure and hospitality |
4,497 | 33.4 | 3,360 | 25.0 | 100.0 | 17.1 | 30.4 | 20.4 | 32.1 |
Other services |
2,042 | 37.3 | 1,418 | 25.9 | 100.0 | 10.2 | 17.9 | 7.8 | 64.1 |
Public administration |
3,247 | 43.0 | 2,457 | 32.5 | 100.0 | 6.5 | 9.8 | 4.7 | 79.0 |
Class of worker |
|||||||||
Private sector |
48,164 | 40.5 | 39,176 | 33.0 | 100.0 | 16.9 | 12.6 | 8.2 | 62.4 |
Private, for profit |
42,993 | 40.2 | 35,283 | 33.0 | 100.0 | 17.8 | 13.0 | 8.4 | 60.7 |
Private, not for profit |
5,172 | 43.8 | 3,893 | 33.0 | 100.0 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 6.1 | 77.2 |
Public sector |
14,597 | 57.4 | 12,079 | 47.5 | 100.0 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 81.7 |
Federal government |
1,919 | 41.8 | 1,327 | 28.9 | 100.0 | 12.5 | 16.6 | 6.5 | 64.4 |
State government |
4,641 | 52.7 | 3,841 | 43.6 | 100.0 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 82.5 |
Local government |
8,037 | 66.9 | 6,912 | 57.5 | 100.0 | 6.0 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 84.6 |
Full- and part-time status (single jobholders only)(4) |
|||||||||
Full-time workers |
48,416 | 45.5 | 40,022 | 37.6 | 100.0 | 13.9 | 10.2 | 6.1 | 69.9 |
Part-time workers |
9,133 | 35.3 | 7,030 | 27.2 | 100.0 | 19.5 | 17.5 | 14.8 | 48.1 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary |
|||||||||
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
13,973 | 55.4 | 11,598 | 46.0 | 100.0 | 15.5 | 15.3 | 5.7 | 63.4 |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
13,814 | 52.1 | 11,998 | 45.2 | 100.0 | 11.7 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 71.3 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
12,514 | 46.0 | 10,140 | 37.3 | 100.0 | 14.5 | 8.0 | 4.8 | 72.6 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
8,115 | 29.6 | 6,286 | 22.9 | 100.0 | 13.8 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 74.8 |
Workplace flexibility(5) |
|||||||||
Could work at home |
7,328 | 17.6 | 5,338 | 12.8 | 100.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 85.3 |
Could not work at home |
55,266 | 54.0 | 45,780 | 44.7 | 100.0 | 15.6 | 11.9 | 7.7 | 64.7 |
(1) Workers without flexible schedules were not able to vary or change the times they began and stopped working. |
|||||||||
Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to workers 15 years and over. |
Characteristic | Total workers (in thousands) |
Percent working regular daytime schedule |
Percent working a non-daytime schedule, by shift | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Evening | Night | Rotating | Irregular | Split shift | Other | |||
Age |
|||||||||
Total, 15 years and over |
144,295 | 83.6 | 16.4 | 5.9 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
15 to 24 years |
21,296 | 68.1 | 31.9 | 15.9 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
25 to 34 years |
33,682 | 84.7 | 15.3 | 5.4 | 3.8 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
35 to 44 years |
30,159 | 87.7 | 12.3 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 1.3 |
45 to 54 years |
29,484 | 87.4 | 12.6 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.9 |
55 to 64 years |
22,514 | 85.7 | 14.3 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
65 years and over |
7,160 | 84.7 | 15.3 | 5.8 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 1.1 |
Sex |
|||||||||
Men |
74,830 | 82.4 | 17.6 | 6.6 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 1.5 |
Women |
69,465 | 84.8 | 15.2 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
Race(1) |
|||||||||
White |
115,129 | 84.8 | 15.2 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
Black or African American |
17,924 | 75.9 | 24.1 | 9.0 | 5.4 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 1.7 |
Asian |
7,849 | 85.7 | 14.3 | 6.8 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(2) |
|||||||||
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
24,375 | 82.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
Non-Hispanic or Latino |
119,920 | 83.9 | 16.1 | 5.9 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
Educational attainment (25 years and over) |
|||||||||
Less than a high school diploma |
6,743 | 80.1 | 19.9 | 6.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.4 |
High school graduates, no college |
31,425 | 81.2 | 18.8 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
Some college or associate degree |
29,407 | 83.6 | 16.4 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
55,424 | 91.3 | 8.7 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
Parent of a household child |
|||||||||
Parent of a household child under 18 years |
47,693 | 87.5 | 12.5 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 1.2 |
Parent of a child 13 to 17 years (none younger) |
10,003 | 89.4 | 10.6 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.9 |
Parent of a child under 13 years |
37,690 | 87.0 | 13.0 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 1.3 |
Not a parent of a household child under 18 years |
96,602 | 81.6 | 18.4 | 7.1 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 1.3 |
Occupation |
|||||||||
Management, business, and financial operations |
22,754 | 93.8 | 6.2 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
Professional and related |
40,284 | 89.8 | 10.2 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
Services |
23,548 | 66.6 | 33.4 | 16.2 | 6.0 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 1.1 | 1.5 |
Sales and related |
11,290 | 74.9 | 25.1 | 10.6 | 2.2 | 5.8 | 4.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
Office and administrative support |
18,967 | 89.5 | 10.5 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction and extraction |
5,853 | 95.3 | 4.7 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.3 | z | 0.9 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
4,053 | 87.1 | 12.9 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
Production |
8,560 | 74.6 | 25.4 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.6 |
Transportation and material moving |
7,859 | 70.8 | 29.2 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 7.4 | 2.6 | 4.2 |
Industry |
|||||||||
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting |
1,634 | 88.8 | 11.2 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 1.4 |
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction |
6,860 | 96.8 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.6 | z | 0.4 |
Manufacturing |
16,185 | 83.9 | 16.1 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
18,030 | 74.6 | 25.4 | 9.7 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 2.3 |
Transportation and utilities |
7,357 | 74.0 | 26.0 | 4.0 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 6.1 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
Information |
2,685 | 91.2 | 8.8 | 4.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
Financial activities |
10,370 | 94.9 | 5.1 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
Professional and business services |
16,778 | 93.4 | 6.6 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
Education and health services |
37,294 | 85.8 | 14.2 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.9 |
Leisure and hospitality |
13,450 | 63.2 | 36.8 | 19.3 | 2.6 | 4.8 | 7.1 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
Other services |
5,475 | 85.8 | 14.2 | 5.1 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
Public administration |
7,552 | 83.9 | 16.1 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 1.9 |
Class of worker |
|||||||||
Private sector |
118,872 | 82.6 | 17.4 | 6.4 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
Private, for profit |
107,072 | 82.5 | 17.5 | 6.5 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
Private, not for profit |
11,800 | 83.1 | 16.9 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
Public sector |
25,423 | 88.3 | 11.7 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
Federal government |
4,595 | 89.2 | 10.8 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 0.8 |
State government |
8,807 | 88.3 | 11.7 | 5.4 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
Local government |
12,022 | 88.0 | 12.0 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 1.4 |
Full- and part-time status (single jobholders only)(3) |
|||||||||
Full-time workers |
106,369 | 86.4 | 13.6 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 1.2 |
Part-time workers |
25,882 | 72.7 | 27.3 | 13.6 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only) |
|||||||||
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
25,200 | 78.8 | 21.2 | 8.2 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 1.9 |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
26,521 | 86.9 | 13.1 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
27,193 | 87.5 | 12.5 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
27,454 | 91.7 | 8.3 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
Work schedule flexibility(4) |
|||||||||
Had flexible schedule |
81,533 | 85.7 | 14.3 | 5.4 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
Did not have flexible schedule |
62,762 | 80.9 | 19.1 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 1.6 |
Workplace flexibility(5) |
|||||||||
Could work at home |
41,571 | 94.7 | 5.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
Could not work at home |
102,338 | 79.0 | 21.0 | 8.0 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
(1) Estimates for race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to the total because data are not presented for all races. |
|||||||||
Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to workers 15 years and over. |
Characteristic and reason | Workers who worked non-daytime schedules | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Evening | Night | Rotating | Irregular | Split shift or other |
|
Total |
||||||
Number (in thousands) |
23,696 | 8,551 | 5,142 | 3,415 | 3,806 | 2,783 |
Percent distribution by main reason, total |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Better arrangements for family |
9.6 | 9.8 | 15.4 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 8.4 |
Better pay |
7.2 | 5.0 | 14.6 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 8.0 |
Allows time for school or other job |
12.0 | 21.8 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 10.3 | 5.2 |
Could not get other shift |
10.0 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 8.6 | 3.7 | 7.1 |
Nature of the job |
39.3 | 28.5 | 20.1 | 58.4 | 63.4 | 51.7 |
Personal preference |
19.1 | 20.9 | 27.8 | 15.5 | 9.0 | 15.7 |
Other |
2.8 | 1.4 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.8 |
Men |
||||||
Number (in thousands) |
13,168 | 4,902 | 2,460 | 1,959 | 2,050 | 1,797 |
Percent distribution by main reason, total |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Better arrangements for family |
6.5 | 8.8 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 6.4 |
Better pay |
6.7 | 5.5 | 10.5 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 8.4 |
Allows time for school or other job |
9.3 | 16.5 | 6.8 | 2.0 | 5.4 | 5.3 |
Could not get other shift |
11.8 | 16.5 | 13.7 | 11.1 | 2.2 | 7.9 |
Nature of the job |
44.5 | 30.3 | 27.5 | 65.1 | 70.8 | 53.7 |
Personal preference |
18.2 | 20.5 | 31.9 | 12.6 | 5.2 | 14.1 |
Other |
3.1 | 1.8 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 4.3 |
Women |
||||||
Number (in thousands) |
10,528 | 3,649 | 2,682 | 1,456 | 1,756 | 986 |
Percent distribution by main reason, total |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Better arrangements for family |
13.5 | 11.2 | 24.1 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 12.1 |
Better pay |
7.8 | 4.3 | 18.4 | 6.1 | 0.7 | 7.3 |
Allows time for school or other job |
15.5 | 28.9 | 4.6 | 8.5 | 16.1 | 5.1 |
Could not get other shift |
7.7 | 7.3 | 11.8 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.7 |
Nature of the job |
32.9 | 26.1 | 13.3 | 49.4 | 54.9 | 48.2 |
Personal preference |
20.2 | 21.4 | 24.0 | 19.5 | 13.3 | 18.6 |
Other |
2.4 | 0.8 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 2.9 |
|
||||||
Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers, 15 years and over, at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. |
Characteristic | Average number of days per week worked |
Percent of workers by days usually worked | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monday through Friday(1) |
Saturday and Sunday(2) |
Schedule varies |
Monday | Tuesday | Wednes- day |
Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday | ||
Age |
|||||||||||
Total, 15 years and over |
4.77 | 68.3 | 8.9 | 10.5 | 81.0 | 82.3 | 82.5 | 82.3 | 80.4 | 19.2 | 12.1 |
15 to 24 years |
4.36 | 39.9 | 18.0 | 16.6 | 61.4 | 61.0 | 62.9 | 63.3 | 67.2 | 38.5 | 23.1 |
25 to 34 years |
4.85 | 73.0 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 84.1 | 84.2 | 84.6 | 84.4 | 83.5 | 17.7 | 11.3 |
35 to 44 years |
4.90 | 76.0 | 6.9 | 8.0 | 86.1 | 88.3 | 87.6 | 87.3 | 85.2 | 15.9 | 10.2 |
45 to 54 years |
4.94 | 77.6 | 6.0 | 9.1 | 86.7 | 88.8 | 88.1 | 88.5 | 85.1 | 14.1 | 9.0 |
55 to 64 years |
4.81 | 71.9 | 7.5 | 9.1 | 84.7 | 86.3 | 85.9 | 86.0 | 80.9 | 14.8 | 10.1 |
65 years and over |
4.25 | 49.0 | 7.9 | 15.1 | 68.8 | 71.7 | 75.7 | 70.5 | 64.5 | 17.8 | 11.2 |
Sex |
|||||||||||
Men |
4.88 | 72.5 | 10.7 | 8.6 | 83.6 | 84.8 | 85.3 | 85.5 | 83.6 | 21.9 | 13.5 |
Women |
4.65 | 63.8 | 7.0 | 12.6 | 78.2 | 79.5 | 79.5 | 78.8 | 77.0 | 16.3 | 10.7 |
Race |
|||||||||||
White |
4.77 | 68.9 | 8.6 | 10.3 | 81.2 | 82.8 | 82.8 | 82.8 | 80.5 | 19.3 | 11.7 |
Black or African American |
4.78 | 64.4 | 8.7 | 12.7 | 79.5 | 80.8 | 81.2 | 80.9 | 78.5 | 17.9 | 13.3 |
Asian |
4.76 | 72.8 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 82.9 | 81.6 | 83.4 | 82.4 | 86.3 | 15.9 | 11.8 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(3) |
|||||||||||
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
4.84 | 66.5 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 79.8 | 81.6 | 81.6 | 81.2 | 80.6 | 25.7 | 13.3 |
Non-Hispanic or Latino |
4.75 | 68.7 | 8.7 | 10.4 | 81.3 | 82.4 | 82.7 | 82.5 | 80.4 | 17.9 | 11.9 |
Educational attainment (25 years and over) |
|||||||||||
Less than a high school diploma |
4.89 | 64.8 | 13.0 | 11.8 | 81.5 | 80.9 | 82.3 | 81.1 | 77.9 | 30.9 | 17.4 |
High school graduates, no college |
4.88 | 66.7 | 10.2 | 11.0 | 81.5 | 83.0 | 81.5 | 82.7 | 80.1 | 21.7 | 13.5 |
Some college or associate degree |
4.78 | 67.5 | 7.0 | 11.4 | 80.4 | 82.9 | 84.0 | 82.7 | 79.6 | 16.2 | 10.7 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
4.84 | 81.1 | 5.2 | 7.2 | 88.6 | 89.9 | 89.8 | 89.3 | 86.4 | 10.5 | 7.3 |
Parent of a household child |
|||||||||||
Parent of a household child under 18 years |
4.88 | 75.4 | 6.9 | 8.7 | 85.9 | 87.5 | 86.8 | 86.3 | 84.6 | 15.2 | 10.5 |
Parent of a child 13 to 17 years (none younger) |
4.86 | 76.5 | 6.5 | 8.7 | 86.2 | 88.1 | 87.6 | 86.5 | 82.5 | 13.2 | 9.6 |
Parent of a child under 13 years |
4.88 | 75.1 | 7.1 | 8.7 | 85.8 | 87.3 | 86.6 | 86.3 | 85.1 | 15.7 | 10.7 |
Not a parent of a household child under 18 years |
4.72 | 64.8 | 9.9 | 11.4 | 78.6 | 79.7 | 80.4 | 80.3 | 78.4 | 21.2 | 13.0 |
Occupation |
|||||||||||
Management, business, and financial operations |
5.00 | 87.2 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 93.3 | 93.9 | 93.1 | 94.0 | 91.6 | 10.9 | 6.0 |
Professional and related |
4.70 | 76.2 | 4.5 | 9.0 | 84.7 | 86.7 | 86.8 | 85.7 | 82.6 | 9.9 | 6.4 |
Services |
4.52 | 38.7 | 23.0 | 16.7 | 63.2 | 62.5 | 65.3 | 65.4 | 65.8 | 38.6 | 28.4 |
Sales and related |
4.71 | 47.5 | 15.0 | 19.8 | 64.0 | 68.6 | 66.4 | 67.6 | 71.9 | 31.3 | 20.7 |
Office and administrative support |
4.69 | 66.2 | 5.2 | 10.7 | 82.9 | 83.2 | 82.7 | 82.0 | 80.9 | 15.1 | 8.3 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction and extraction |
5.08 | 90.0 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 96.7 | 97.1 | 97.0 | 96.6 | 90.7 | 16.9 | 4.9 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
5.03 | 82.6 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 89.2 | 94.0 | 95.2 | 94.4 | 90.6 | 17.1 | 6.1 |
Production |
4.90 | 78.1 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 88.3 | 90.3 | 89.7 | 89.6 | 81.8 | 17.9 | 10.8 |
Transportation and material moving |
4.87 | 62.3 | 9.3 | 16.4 | 74.7 | 75.1 | 78.0 | 77.6 | 76.8 | 24.2 | 14.9 |
Industry |
|||||||||||
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting |
5.43 | 85.5 | 12.3 | 2.8 | 93.9 | 94.0 | 93.6 | 93.8 | 93.4 | 47.5 | 19.0 |
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction |
s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
Construction |
5.08 | 91.0 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 96.7 | 96.9 | 96.4 | 96.3 | 91.9 | 18.2 | 4.5 |
Manufacturing |
4.98 | 86.4 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 93.5 | 94.8 | 94.2 | 93.9 | 88.2 | 12.4 | 7.6 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
4.66 | 47.2 | 12.1 | 20.9 | 64.4 | 66.9 | 68.9 | 68.5 | 69.5 | 29.1 | 18.5 |
Transportation and utilities |
4.92 | 67.2 | 11.7 | 13.8 | 79.4 | 79.8 | 81.5 | 83.1 | 78.0 | 21.5 | 14.9 |
Information |
4.89 | 78.9 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 91.8 | 96.4 | 91.7 | 89.0 | 90.3 | 13.2 | 5.6 |
Financial activities |
4.95 | 87.3 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 92.1 | 94.2 | 93.8 | 93.2 | 92.8 | 13.5 | 5.8 |
Professional and business services |
4.90 | 85.0 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 92.0 | 92.3 | 92.3 | 91.9 | 89.7 | 9.2 | 5.5 |
Education and health services |
4.63 | 68.8 | 5.7 | 11.8 | 81.2 | 82.2 | 82.2 | 81.6 | 78.6 | 11.5 | 8.0 |
Leisure and hospitality |
4.48 | 26.8 | 29.0 | 17.0 | 58.7 | 56.7 | 58.6 | 60.7 | 64.2 | 49.6 | 35.7 |
Other services |
4.56 | 50.8 | 16.0 | 10.3 | 68.8 | 73.5 | 72.1 | 69.9 | 72.6 | 31.8 | 21.4 |
Public administration |
4.72 | 72.2 | 5.4 | 9.9 | 81.6 | 86.1 | 85.6 | 85.0 | 80.0 | 9.7 | 7.2 |
Class of worker |
|||||||||||
Private sector |
4.76 | 66.5 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 79.8 | 81.1 | 81.1 | 81.3 | 79.8 | 21.2 | 13.3 |
Private, for profit |
4.79 | 66.9 | 9.6 | 10.8 | 80.1 | 81.3 | 81.4 | 81.5 | 80.5 | 21.7 | 13.2 |
Private, not for profit |
4.53 | 62.5 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 77.2 | 79.6 | 79.1 | 79.4 | 73.5 | 16.5 | 14.9 |
Public sector |
4.80 | 76.9 | 5.1 | 8.5 | 86.9 | 87.7 | 88.8 | 86.8 | 83.5 | 9.8 | 6.6 |
Federal government |
4.91 | 72.1 | 3.5 | 10.6 | 87.5 | 87.6 | 87.4 | 88.2 | 79.1 | 11.2 | 6.0 |
State government |
4.82 | 77.1 | 6.9 | 7.5 | 87.5 | 88.9 | 89.9 | 87.0 | 83.5 | 11.1 | 8.7 |
Local government |
4.75 | 78.7 | 4.3 | 8.5 | 86.3 | 86.8 | 88.5 | 86.2 | 85.2 | 8.4 | 5.3 |
Full- and part-time status (single jobholders only)(4) |
|||||||||||
Full-time workers |
5.01 | 79.2 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 88.2 | 89.3 | 89.4 | 89.6 | 87.4 | 16.7 | 10.3 |
Part-time workers |
3.84 | 26.1 | 14.4 | 21.0 | 51.9 | 53.6 | 54.5 | 52.8 | 53.1 | 29.6 | 19.9 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary |
|||||||||||
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
5.00 | 65.9 | 14.0 | 11.8 | 80.5 | 81.7 | 83.8 | 83.1 | 81.0 | 26.1 | 17.6 |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
4.97 | 75.9 | 5.6 | 8.5 | 87.7 | 88.9 | 87.9 | 88.5 | 84.6 | 15.9 | 8.6 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
4.99 | 83.6 | 4.6 | 7.3 | 89.7 | 90.8 | 91.0 | 92.3 | 90.1 | 13.5 | 7.3 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
5.08 | 90.5 | 6.2 | 4.9 | 94.5 | 95.3 | 94.3 | 94.0 | 93.5 | 12.1 | 8.2 |
Work schedule flexibility(5) |
|||||||||||
Had flexible schedule |
4.78 | 68.6 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 80.9 | 82.8 | 82.4 | 82.5 | 80.9 | 20.2 | 13.1 |
Did not have flexible schedule |
4.75 | 68.0 | 7.8 | 11.5 | 81.3 | 81.6 | 82.6 | 82.1 | 79.8 | 17.9 | 10.9 |
Workplace flexibility |
|||||||||||
Could work at home |
5.01 | 88.8 | 5.0 | 2.8 | 94.2 | 95.4 | 95.7 | 95.1 | 92.7 | 10.6 | 7.1 |
Could not work at home |
4.67 | 60.1 | 10.5 | 13.5 | 75.8 | 77.1 | 77.3 | 77.2 | 75.6 | 22.7 | 14.2 |
(1) Workers who usually worked Monday through Friday also are counted in the estimates for each weekday. |
|||||||||||
Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to workers 15 years and over. |