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Economic News Release
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State Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, May 19, 2023	               USDL-23-1014

Technical information: 
 Employment:    (202) 691-6559  *  sminfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/sae   
 Unemployment:  (202) 691-6392  *  lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau

Media contact:  (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


              STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- APRIL 2023


Unemployment rates were lower in April in 14 states and stable in 36 states 
and the District of Columbia, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today. Sixteen states had jobless rate decreases from a year earlier, 10 
states had increases, and 24 states and the District had little change. The 
national unemployment rate, 3.4 percent, was little changed from March but 
was 0.2 percentage point lower than in April 2022.

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 5 states, decreased in 1 state, and
was essentially unchanged in 44 states and the District of Columbia in April 
2023. Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 40 states and 
was essentially unchanged in 10 states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian 
labor force and unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of 
households. These data pertain to individuals by where they reside. The 
employment data are from an establishment survey that measures nonfarm 
employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on 
payrolls defined by where the establishments are located. For more information 
about the concepts and statistical methodologies used by these two programs, 
see the Technical Note.

Unemployment

South Dakota had the lowest jobless rate in April, 1.9 percent. The next lowest 
rate was in Nebraska, 2.0 percent, followed by New Hampshire and North Dakota, 
2.1 percent each. The rates in Alabama (2.2 percent), Arizona (3.4 percent), 
Arkansas (2.8 percent), Kentucky (3.7 percent), Maine (2.4 percent), Maryland 
(2.5 percent), Mississippi (3.4 percent), Ohio (3.7 percent), West Virginia
(3.3 percent), and Wisconsin (2.4 percent) set new series lows. (All state series 
begin in 1976.) Nevada had the highest unemployment rate, 5.4 percent. In total, 
17 states had unemployment rates lower than the U.S. figure of 3.4 percent, 8 
states and the District of Columbia had higher rates, and 25 states had rates that
were not appreciably different from that of the nation. (See tables A and 1.)

In April, 14 states had over-the-month unemployment rate decreases, the largest
of  which was in Oregon (-0.4 percentage point). Thirty-six states and the District
of Columbia had jobless rates that were not notably different from those of a month 
earlier, though some had changes that were at least as large numerically as the 
significant changes. (See table B.)

Sixteen states had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which 
was in New Mexico (-0.8 percentage point). Ten states had rate increases from April 
2022, the largest of which were in Kansas, Minnesota, and Virginia (+0.5 percentage 
point each). (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 5 states, decreased in 1 state, and was 
essentially unchanged in 44 states and the District of Columbia in April 2023. The 
largest job gains occurred in California (+67,000), Ohio (+18,100), and New Jersey
(+15,800). The largest percentage increase occurred in Indiana (+0.5 percent), 
followed by Arizona, California, and New Jersey (+0.4 percent each). Employment 
decreased in Rhode Island (-3,800, or -0.8 percent). (See tables D and 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 40 states and was essentially
unchanged in 10 states and the District of Columbia. The largest job increases 
occurred in Texas (+534,600), California (+426,000), and Florida (+363,400). The 
largest percentage increase occurred in Nevada (+4.2 percent), followed by Texas
(+4.0 percent) and Florida (+3.9 percent). (See table E.) 

_____________
The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for April is scheduled to 
be released on Wednesday, May 31, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The State Employment and 
Unemployment news release for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 16, 2023, 
at 10:00 a.m. (ET).



Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different
from that of the U.S., April 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------
                State                |          Rate(p)
--------------------------------------------------------------
United States (1) ...................|           3.4
                                     |
Alabama .............................|           2.2
Arkansas ............................|           2.8
California ..........................|           4.5
Colorado ............................|           2.8
Delaware ............................|           4.3
District of Columbia ................|           5.0
Florida .............................|           2.6
Idaho ...............................|           2.6
Illinois ............................|           4.2
Iowa ................................|           2.7
                                     |
Maine ...............................|           2.4
Maryland ............................|           2.5
Missouri ............................|           2.5
Montana .............................|           2.3
Nebraska ............................|           2.0
Nevada ..............................|           5.4
New Hampshire .......................|           2.1
New York ............................|           4.0
North Dakota ........................|           2.1
Pennsylvania ........................|           4.1
                                     |
South Dakota ........................|           1.9
Texas ...............................|           4.0
Utah ................................|           2.3
Vermont .............................|           2.4
Washington ..........................|           4.3
Wisconsin ...........................|           2.4
--------------------------------------------------------------
   (1) Data are not preliminary.
   (p) = preliminary.


Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from March 2023 to April 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------| Over-the-month
             State              |   March   |   April   |    change(p)
                                |   2023    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arkansas .......................|     3.0   |     2.8   |      -0.2
Iowa ...........................|     2.8   |     2.7   |       -.1
Maine ..........................|     2.6   |     2.4   |       -.2
Maryland .......................|     2.7   |     2.5   |       -.2
Massachusetts ..................|     3.5   |     3.3   |       -.2
Michigan .......................|     4.1   |     3.8   |       -.3
Nebraska .......................|     2.1   |     2.0   |       -.1
New Hampshire ..................|     2.4   |     2.1   |       -.3
Oklahoma .......................|     3.0   |     2.9   |       -.1
Oregon .........................|     4.4   |     4.0   |       -.4
                                |           |           |
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.2   |     4.1   |       -.1
Vermont ........................|     2.7   |     2.4   |       -.3
Washington .....................|     4.5   |     4.3   |       -.2
Wisconsin ......................|     2.5   |     2.4   |       -.1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from April 2022 to April 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------|  Over-the-year
             State              |   April   |   April   |    change(p)
                                |   2022    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ........................|     2.5   |     2.2   |      -0.3
Alaska .........................|     4.1   |     3.7   |       -.4
Arkansas .......................|     3.1   |     2.8   |       -.3
California .....................|     4.1   |     4.5   |        .4
Colorado .......................|     3.1   |     2.8   |       -.3
Connecticut ....................|     4.2   |     3.8   |       -.4
Florida ........................|     3.0   |     2.6   |       -.4
Iowa ...........................|     2.3   |     2.7   |        .4
Kansas .........................|     2.4   |     2.9   |        .5
Maryland .......................|     3.1   |     2.5   |       -.6
                                |           |           |
Massachusetts ..................|     3.7   |     3.3   |       -.4
Minnesota ......................|     2.3   |     2.8   |        .5
Mississippi ....................|     3.7   |     3.4   |       -.3
Missouri .......................|     2.3   |     2.5   |        .2
Montana ........................|     2.6   |     2.3   |       -.3
New Jersey .....................|     3.9   |     3.5   |       -.4
New Mexico .....................|     4.3   |     3.5   |       -.8
New York .......................|     4.3   |     4.0   |       -.3
Oregon .........................|     3.6   |     4.0   |        .4
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.3   |     4.1   |       -.2
                                |           |           |
Texas ..........................|     3.8   |     4.0   |        .2
Virginia .......................|     2.6   |     3.1   |        .5
Washington .....................|     3.9   |     4.3   |        .4
West Virginia ..................|     3.7   |     3.3   |       -.4
Wisconsin ......................|     2.8   |     2.4   |       -.4
Wyoming ........................|     3.2   |     3.5   |        .3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from
March 2023 to April 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             | Over-the-month change(p)
            State             |    March    |     April   |---------------------------
                              |     2023    |    2023(p)  |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arizona ......................|   3,146,200 |   3,158,700 |      12,500 |      0.4
California ...................|  17,971,000 |  18,038,000 |      67,000 |       .4
Indiana ......................|   3,245,700 |   3,260,400 |      14,700 |       .5
New Jersey ...................|   4,316,500 |   4,332,300 |      15,800 |       .4
Ohio .........................|   5,590,500 |   5,608,600 |      18,100 |       .3
Rhode Island .................|     499,400 |     495,600 |      -3,800 |      -.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from
April 2022 to April 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             |  Over-the-year change(p)
            State             |    April    |     April   |---------------------------
                              |     2022    |    2023(p)  |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ......................|   2,103,200 |   2,145,700 |      42,500 |      2.0
Alaska .......................|     317,800 |     324,700 |       6,900 |      2.2
Arizona ......................|   3,088,900 |   3,158,700 |      69,800 |      2.3
Arkansas .....................|   1,322,400 |   1,356,000 |      33,600 |      2.5
California ...................|  17,612,000 |  18,038,000 |     426,000 |      2.4
Delaware .....................|     471,400 |     482,400 |      11,000 |      2.3
Florida ......................|   9,341,300 |   9,704,700 |     363,400 |      3.9
Georgia ......................|   4,782,500 |   4,894,300 |     111,800 |      2.3
Hawaii .......................|     612,500 |     631,100 |      18,600 |      3.0
Idaho ........................|     821,600 |     847,300 |      25,700 |      3.1
                              |             |             |             |       
Illinois .....................|   5,995,100 |   6,126,900 |     131,800 |      2.2
Indiana ......................|   3,179,500 |   3,260,400 |      80,900 |      2.5
Iowa .........................|   1,566,500 |   1,592,800 |      26,300 |      1.7
Kansas .......................|   1,409,500 |   1,441,600 |      32,100 |      2.3
Kentucky .....................|   1,953,500 |   2,009,500 |      56,000 |      2.9
Louisiana ....................|   1,910,500 |   1,958,900 |      48,400 |      2.5
Maryland .....................|   2,699,700 |   2,739,200 |      39,500 |      1.5
Massachusetts ................|   3,660,100 |   3,759,200 |      99,100 |      2.7
Michigan .....................|   4,359,300 |   4,420,000 |      60,700 |      1.4
Minnesota ....................|   2,921,000 |   2,979,200 |      58,200 |      2.0
                              |             |             |             |       
Missouri .....................|   2,914,700 |   2,974,600 |      59,900 |      2.1
Nebraska .....................|   1,021,500 |   1,042,900 |      21,400 |      2.1
Nevada .......................|   1,478,700 |   1,540,300 |      61,600 |      4.2
New Hampshire ................|     685,300 |     699,900 |      14,600 |      2.1
New Jersey ...................|   4,233,200 |   4,332,300 |      99,100 |      2.3
New Mexico ...................|     844,700 |     865,800 |      21,100 |      2.5
New York .....................|   9,439,200 |   9,673,000 |     233,800 |      2.5
North Carolina ...............|   4,774,200 |   4,891,300 |     117,100 |      2.5
Ohio .........................|   5,524,600 |   5,608,600 |      84,000 |      1.5
Oklahoma .....................|   1,689,400 |   1,725,800 |      36,400 |      2.2
                              |             |             |             |       
Oregon .......................|   1,938,400 |   1,989,900 |      51,500 |      2.7
Pennsylvania .................|   5,960,800 |   6,117,100 |     156,300 |      2.6
South Carolina ...............|   2,233,100 |   2,291,600 |      58,500 |      2.6
South Dakota .................|     450,600 |     461,700 |      11,100 |      2.5
Tennessee ....................|   3,222,800 |   3,312,800 |      90,000 |      2.8
Texas ........................|  13,336,500 |  13,871,100 |     534,600 |      4.0
Utah .........................|   1,672,800 |   1,720,400 |      47,600 |      2.8
Virginia .....................|   4,051,100 |   4,138,100 |      87,000 |      2.1
Washington ...................|   3,507,500 |   3,624,300 |     116,800 |      3.3
Wisconsin ....................|   2,952,100 |   3,003,600 |      51,500 |      1.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.




Technical Note
 
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data for states and selected substate
   areas from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1 and 2). Also presented are
   nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and industry supersector from the Current Employment
   Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
   endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions
   as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a
   sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
   Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed people and unemployed people on a place of-residence basis. The
   universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Employed people
   are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including
   the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not
   working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as
   bad weather, labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation.
   
   Unemployed people are those who were not employed during the reference week (based on the definition above),
   had actively looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the reference week, and were 
   currently available for work; people on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted
   as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate
   is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale
   metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of California and New York State are produced using
   time-series models. This method, which underwent substantial enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes
   data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) programs. 
   Estimates for the state of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-
   Glendale metropolitan division and the balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are
   derived by summing the estimates for New York City and the balance of New York State. Estimates for the 
   five additional substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn
   metropolitan areas and the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach Kendall, and Seattle-
   Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) and their respective balances of state are produced using a similar
   model-based approach.
   
   Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are modeled using inputs from the CPS only and
   controlled to the national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their respective census division
   totals. Substate and balance-of-state estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to their
   respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called
   real-time benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to 
   the CPS. A more detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request

   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect adjustments made after
   the end of each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau,
   any revisions in the other data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical data for the
   most recent five years are revised near the beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January
   estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time series models in 2021, historical data were
   re-estimated back to the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994.

   Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend,
   seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals of employed and unemployed people first are
   adjusted using an X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then are smoothed using a
   Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of employed and
   unemployed people are summed to derive the civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 
   calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted
   unemployment rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published on the BLS website.
   
   During estimation for the current year, the smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are
   created using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from previous observations only. For
   annual revisions, historical data are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

   Area definitions. The substate area data published in this release reflect the delineations that were issued
   by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A detailed list of the geographic definitions
   is available online at www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment--from the CES program

   Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of
   the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than
   at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. 
   Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of
   the North American Industry Classification System. 

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several estimation procedures.
   Where possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link relative" estimation technique in which a
   ratio of current month weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed
   from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month
   are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted
   link relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample size meets certain statistical criteria.
   For some employment series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct sample estimates 
   (described above) combined with other regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

   Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks,
   derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment
   insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new
   benchmark and the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus,
   the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-
   to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions is 
   available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector
   level. In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total is computed by aggregating the
   independently adjusted supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total
   is independently adjusted. Revisions to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 
   year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.
   
   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available estimates including those
   for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors. Concurrent sample-based factors are 
   created every month for the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous month’s final 
   estimate. 

   Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data
   for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are
   not forced to sum to national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative sampling and 
   nonsampling errors than the national series. Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level
   errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations,
   BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series and cautions users that such a series is subject
   to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

    The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling
    and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling 
    variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population
    is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced
    into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
    are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used.

    Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are 
    cited in the analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be statistically significant
    at the 90-percent confidence level. Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month generally
    are cited only if they have been determined to be significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 
    90-percent confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error measures for unemployment rates
    and over-the-month and over-the-year changes in rates are available at www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm.
    The underlying standard error measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state payroll
    employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector levels are available at 
    www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

    Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll
    employment from the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions are available in
    the news release Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force,
    employed people, unemployed people, and unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas
    are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program for states and 
    metropolitan areas are available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or
    have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.




LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted
State and area Civilian labor force Unemployed
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)
Number Percent of labor force
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)

Alabama

2,289,967 2,286,491 2,289,655 2,293,022 57,712 56,166 53,017 51,462 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2

Alaska

357,300 357,399 357,727 358,074 14,547 13,576 13,244 13,097 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7

Arizona

3,598,901 3,653,226 3,659,108 3,662,529 129,360 134,816 129,439 125,716 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.4

Arkansas

1,369,620 1,373,598 1,375,422 1,378,367 43,104 43,670 40,868 38,982 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.8

California

19,246,821 19,338,411 19,371,587 19,404,259 791,466 841,703 860,202 867,640 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.5

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)

5,016,106 4,970,313 4,982,004 4,994,762 247,524 244,827 248,006 247,098 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9

Colorado

3,207,533 3,217,067 3,227,367 3,234,855 98,579 92,704 91,077 89,306 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.8

Connecticut

1,947,722 1,910,768 1,905,641 1,901,193 81,913 75,733 75,264 72,311 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.8

Delaware

498,094 495,920 496,628 497,784 21,545 22,610 22,048 21,457 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.3

District of Columbia

389,336 389,688 390,485 390,804 18,993 18,157 18,872 19,426 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.0

Florida

10,711,678 10,879,065 10,921,678 10,959,973 316,799 284,361 283,229 280,790 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)

1,365,184 1,384,364 1,390,517 1,391,850 36,770 27,579 26,121 24,411 2.7 2.0 1.9 1.8

Georgia

5,240,391 5,248,424 5,261,339 5,275,896 154,183 162,897 164,956 165,425 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1

Hawaii

674,343 678,351 678,403 678,901 22,337 24,176 23,539 22,519 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.3

Idaho

948,461 958,112 960,014 960,758 23,698 25,141 24,678 24,505 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6

Illinois

6,490,960 6,474,374 6,477,081 6,482,359 289,594 289,854 283,806 274,994 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)

3,863,726 3,868,514 3,868,974 3,869,417 175,972 178,682 172,927 162,566 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.2

Indiana

3,404,629 3,409,697 3,416,426 3,423,506 95,274 106,121 105,572 104,245 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0

Iowa

1,717,078 1,721,138 1,723,883 1,728,198 40,087 50,083 48,308 46,762 2.3 2.9 2.8 2.7

Kansas

1,505,453 1,510,124 1,514,156 1,517,965 36,036 44,088 43,857 44,380 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.9

Kentucky

2,055,514 2,041,678 2,042,149 2,046,426 78,568 79,762 77,108 76,299 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7

Louisiana

2,096,684 2,097,633 2,106,514 2,112,774 76,040 75,871 75,964 75,796 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6

Maine

677,710 673,394 673,696 675,402 18,252 18,841 17,633 16,383 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.4

Maryland

3,173,560 3,167,195 3,177,661 3,184,900 98,326 92,348 86,288 78,803 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5

Massachusetts

3,758,814 3,741,461 3,741,218 3,739,047 139,280 137,140 132,353 121,926 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.3

Michigan

4,843,204 4,842,266 4,851,450 4,868,782 192,590 207,045 199,692 186,318 4.0 4.3 4.1 3.8

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)

2,120,536 2,103,147 2,107,249 2,111,412 79,670 79,341 74,039 67,477 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.2

Minnesota

3,072,002 3,083,348 3,084,079 3,087,713 72,078 91,023 87,571 87,682 2.3 3.0 2.8 2.8

Mississippi

1,258,719 1,241,575 1,243,231 1,245,716 46,839 46,510 44,011 41,925 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.4

Missouri

3,056,746 3,075,402 3,085,519 3,100,000 69,070 79,689 77,410 77,913 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.5

Montana

567,311 571,016 572,262 573,481 14,646 13,775 13,240 13,029 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3

Nebraska

1,058,812 1,059,665 1,060,459 1,061,392 21,343 24,704 22,562 21,163 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.0

Nevada

1,538,332 1,570,746 1,572,677 1,575,723 80,682 87,111 86,653 85,722 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.4

New Hampshire

765,496 769,924 767,950 765,802 16,406 20,623 18,784 16,237 2.1 2.7 2.4 2.1

New Jersey

4,725,353 4,796,374 4,814,879 4,832,677 183,031 168,835 170,714 170,117 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.5

New Mexico

950,651 950,806 953,656 956,123 41,148 34,444 33,800 33,536 4.3 3.6 3.5 3.5

New York

9,625,656 9,646,609 9,659,921 9,676,648 409,389 401,288 391,595 385,005 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0

New York City

4,099,568 4,138,484 4,148,381 4,156,692 240,738 222,492 221,904 222,899 5.9 5.4 5.3 5.4

North Carolina

5,160,841 5,168,863 5,179,562 5,191,541 172,336 188,101 183,074 178,853 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4

North Dakota

415,075 415,423 416,561 418,061 8,486 8,856 8,704 8,712 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1

Ohio

5,765,906 5,738,825 5,755,460 5,778,146 223,294 223,524 218,347 211,200 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7

Cleveland-Elyria(2)

1,025,951 1,025,615 1,028,505 1,030,947 50,161 42,937 41,284 39,722 4.9 4.2 4.0 3.9

Oklahoma

1,887,601 1,895,814 1,902,396 1,909,615 53,555 57,608 56,853 54,431 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.9

Oregon

2,171,623 2,182,992 2,175,890 2,165,884 77,253 103,216 95,582 86,919 3.6 4.7 4.4 4.0

Pennsylvania

6,489,022 6,500,166 6,505,031 6,509,436 280,518 283,410 276,017 267,735 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1

Rhode Island

571,812 566,150 566,181 566,611 16,828 17,357 17,356 16,859 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0

South Carolina

2,380,759 2,382,107 2,393,148 2,406,354 75,296 76,043 76,414 75,653 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

South Dakota

475,518 475,998 477,191 478,832 9,100 9,842 9,186 8,980 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9

Tennessee

3,384,499 3,328,111 3,338,255 3,347,566 111,079 116,474 113,866 110,187 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3

Texas

14,642,266 14,819,290 14,898,124 14,960,308 559,081 587,211 599,832 605,663 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0

Utah

1,737,348 1,765,268 1,773,428 1,781,543 38,322 42,302 41,696 41,317 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3

Vermont

341,723 345,416 346,213 346,407 7,557 9,831 9,217 8,311 2.2 2.8 2.7 2.4

Virginia

4,427,764 4,505,399 4,529,061 4,550,748 116,879 145,877 143,569 140,129 2.6 3.2 3.2 3.1

Washington

3,976,161 4,035,637 4,047,314 4,057,254 154,558 185,457 180,382 174,661 3.9 4.6 4.5 4.3

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)

1,764,307 1,783,642 1,787,758 1,792,692 48,480 54,874 53,162 53,051 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.0

West Virginia

786,667 782,723 782,365 782,228 28,821 28,813 26,866 25,966 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.3

Wisconsin

3,094,462 3,069,845 3,074,553 3,085,111 86,160 82,956 76,581 72,910 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.4

Wyoming

290,533 295,522 296,759 297,800 9,337 11,117 10,890 10,555 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.5

Puerto Rico

1,192,909 1,202,653 1,202,190 1,197,613 71,776 72,558 72,513 72,040 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Footnotes
(1) Metropolitan division.
(2) Metropolitan statistical area.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted
State and area Civilian labor force Unemployed
March April Number Percent of labor force
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) March April March April
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

2,283,963 2,291,233 2,279,731 2,295,888 56,151 44,380 46,317 40,057 2.5 1.9 2.0 1.7

Alaska

354,162 354,808 351,540 354,261 17,074 14,125 15,026 13,653 4.8 4.0 4.3 3.9

Arizona

3,595,573 3,677,114 3,585,396 3,650,748 120,298 119,013 126,676 117,408 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2

Arkansas

1,370,298 1,381,424 1,367,518 1,387,728 43,443 36,392 40,040 33,969 3.2 2.6 2.9 2.4

California

19,307,448 19,501,286 19,119,845 19,307,940 867,452 940,871 763,554 826,093 4.5 4.8 4.0 4.3

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)

5,051,030 5,032,959 5,000,847 4,990,776 260,565 250,310 239,152 225,457 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.5

Colorado

3,195,552 3,232,622 3,179,354 3,216,307 108,143 86,523 94,032 78,224 3.4 2.7 3.0 2.4

Connecticut

1,949,097 1,882,084 1,922,393 1,867,732 88,683 81,051 77,704 55,188 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.0

Delaware

499,906 500,616 497,424 501,645 22,665 21,759 20,712 19,595 4.5 4.3 4.2 3.9

District of Columbia

388,830 391,796 386,488 386,474 19,865 19,854 16,139 17,245 5.1 5.1 4.2 4.5

Florida

10,655,670 11,026,531 10,669,485 11,010,358 316,855 281,263 287,056 253,178 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.3

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)

1,353,913 1,398,332 1,361,251 1,387,373 40,617 24,993 35,277 25,151 3.0 1.8 2.6 1.8

Georgia

5,259,516 5,323,573 5,212,849 5,284,769 157,188 177,687 133,075 144,819 3.0 3.3 2.6 2.7

Hawaii

673,200 680,380 673,544 679,713 20,491 20,749 21,176 18,441 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.7

Idaho

945,910 962,433 941,485 953,524 28,769 30,056 23,662 24,573 3.0 3.1 2.5 2.6

Illinois

6,484,826 6,446,674 6,435,143 6,444,345 301,708 278,806 278,159 237,431 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.7

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)

3,856,844 3,845,479 3,834,246 3,836,966 171,182 156,269 166,784 124,239 4.4 4.1 4.3 3.2

Indiana

3,392,845 3,430,163 3,384,029 3,424,176 106,975 120,562 84,509 89,281 3.2 3.5 2.5 2.6

Iowa

1,719,182 1,732,361 1,706,104 1,733,469 48,595 51,942 35,583 40,395 2.8 3.0 2.1 2.3

Kansas

1,503,134 1,522,292 1,495,524 1,517,433 39,466 45,875 31,300 42,295 2.6 3.0 2.1 2.8

Kentucky

2,064,977 2,045,271 2,046,354 2,055,195 90,204 78,219 69,639 66,784 4.4 3.8 3.4 3.2

Louisiana

2,092,517 2,115,620 2,086,075 2,111,483 72,837 69,496 67,134 67,677 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2

Maine

673,881 667,907 670,779 674,663 23,868 19,944 20,062 15,457 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.3

Maryland

3,177,080 3,214,448 3,150,518 3,182,865 106,394 74,256 91,435 58,872 3.3 2.3 2.9 1.8

Massachusetts

3,761,694 3,738,390 3,721,504 3,715,839 147,168 144,194 128,630 96,955 3.9 3.9 3.5 2.6

Michigan

4,833,263 4,869,442 4,801,789 4,882,825 216,189 198,577 191,439 140,048 4.5 4.1 4.0 2.9

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)

2,120,992 2,117,725 2,088,663 2,092,729 90,431 60,008 73,912 41,855 4.3 2.8 3.5 2.0

Minnesota

3,061,581 3,082,754 3,054,785 3,089,901 95,370 96,634 66,642 89,648 3.1 3.1 2.2 2.9

Mississippi

1,255,151 1,246,088 1,254,814 1,250,595 43,439 38,260 43,420 34,032 3.5 3.1 3.5 2.7

Missouri

3,052,072 3,105,763 3,051,721 3,132,334 86,857 83,981 62,551 75,822 2.8 2.7 2.0 2.4

Montana

566,081 575,301 565,384 574,145 17,319 16,267 15,122 13,536 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.4

Nebraska

1,058,871 1,063,154 1,057,257 1,062,790 24,395 21,556 20,693 19,213 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8

Nevada

1,530,468 1,578,300 1,531,783 1,579,192 79,514 85,395 80,002 81,322 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.1

New Hampshire

764,817 758,881 758,136 752,680 19,042 16,655 16,716 8,864 2.5 2.2 2.2 1.2

New Jersey

4,717,858 4,864,957 4,699,368 4,838,469 207,848 186,678 173,783 147,549 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.0

New Mexico

948,577 953,731 944,896 951,071 42,827 29,683 38,773 29,353 4.5 3.1 4.1 3.1

New York

9,626,570 9,687,422 9,561,873 9,653,755 453,168 391,869 394,699 356,511 4.7 4.0 4.1 3.7

New York City

4,119,649 4,165,718 4,072,173 4,133,762 259,152 215,824 231,660 218,582 6.3 5.2 5.7 5.3

North Carolina

5,174,042 5,228,202 5,153,229 5,214,540 178,514 185,342 166,051 163,394 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.1

North Dakota

412,560 416,195 412,090 418,863 11,317 10,497 8,712 8,957 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.1

Ohio

5,741,491 5,778,844 5,730,783 5,805,755 244,329 230,939 214,429 183,399 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.2

Cleveland-Elyria(2)

1,016,776 1,027,543 1,020,623 1,029,860 56,767 43,228 48,760 34,789 5.6 4.2 4.8 3.4

Oklahoma

1,890,267 1,921,566 1,871,136 1,915,482 53,853 56,237 47,928 42,237 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.2

Oregon

2,175,702 2,149,952 2,162,222 2,126,879 86,328 78,249 77,169 60,760 4.0 3.6 3.6 2.9

Pennsylvania

6,455,943 6,468,895 6,433,960 6,446,664 279,813 242,598 254,172 204,250 4.3 3.8 4.0 3.2

Rhode Island

569,429 564,379 565,944 562,215 18,401 20,359 15,825 13,364 3.2 3.6 2.8 2.4

South Carolina

2,381,230 2,428,556 2,372,817 2,433,852 75,952 81,830 62,445 59,426 3.2 3.4 2.6 2.4

South Dakota

472,634 478,240 473,235 481,539 10,266 8,469 9,547 9,741 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.0

Tennessee

3,375,604 3,364,796 3,379,677 3,355,769 109,010 105,235 103,843 87,147 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.6

Texas

14,633,464 15,118,242 14,592,934 15,019,711 552,714 632,197 516,170 551,199 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.7

Utah

1,733,281 1,794,142 1,725,736 1,789,244 40,520 43,568 38,004 40,106 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2

Vermont

341,322 346,189 338,411 341,526 8,496 8,176 8,429 6,423 2.5 2.4 2.5 1.9

Virginia

4,425,797 4,581,599 4,415,574 4,569,561 118,305 130,475 105,061 112,319 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.5

Washington

3,978,514 4,087,598 3,951,368 4,040,199 165,858 169,925 146,250 143,008 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.5

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)

1,761,857 1,816,551 1,761,490 1,802,823 46,500 48,800 40,173 47,499 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.6

West Virginia

779,081 775,664 783,246 781,040 32,730 27,721 28,683 26,767 4.2 3.6 3.7 3.4

Wisconsin

3,087,081 3,076,184 3,065,443 3,097,213 96,738 75,951 85,327 70,166 3.1 2.5 2.8 2.3

Wyoming

289,284 299,146 287,297 296,460 10,803 12,237 9,770 9,930 3.7 4.1 3.4 3.3

Puerto Rico

1,209,927 1,192,916 1,199,229 1,177,329 70,142 69,481 69,850 66,459 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.6

Footnotes
(1) Metropolitan division.
(2) Metropolitan statistical area.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
State Total(1) Construction Manufacturing
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)

Alabama

2,103.2 2,138.9 2,141.3 2,145.7 98.8 101.1 100.8 100.6 272.3 278.5 277.2 276.9

Alaska

317.8 325.8 324.6 324.7 16.2 16.5 16.5 15.8 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.0

Arizona

3,088.9 3,145.6 3,146.2 3,158.7 191.9 195.8 196.6 198.3 191.7 195.5 196.7 196.5

Arkansas

1,322.4 1,352.8 1,352.3 1,356.0 56.4 60.1 60.8 61.9 161.7 164.2 163.9 163.3

California

17,612.0 17,959.1 17,971.0 18,038.0 912.5 912.8 905.3 907.4 1,332.4 1,345.5 1,344.4 1,344.6


Colorado

2,867.7 2,884.5 2,882.8 2,890.0 183.4 179.7 180.9 182.7 153.2 154.8 154.3 154.0

Connecticut

1,667.6 1,687.0 1,685.3 1,684.4 61.6 61.7 59.9 59.7 156.9 158.7 158.3 157.7

Delaware(2)

471.4 480.8 482.8 482.4 23.7 24.3 24.8 24.3 26.1 27.1 27.1 26.9

District of Columbia(2)

762.2 771.5 773.1 771.9 15.4 15.1 15.5 15.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Florida

9,341.3 9,678.0 9,683.5 9,704.7 595.6 609.4 605.5 604.2 406.5 418.0 417.6 419.8


Georgia

4,782.5 4,877.8 4,883.9 4,894.3 212.6 221.7 219.5 218.7 414.6 417.6 418.3 417.8

Hawaii(2)

612.5 632.6 632.1 631.1 37.1 38.5 38.1 37.1 12.6 12.8 12.8 12.8

Idaho

821.6 845.2 846.8 847.3 64.8 68.8 68.4 68.9 73.1 72.2 72.5 72.5

Illinois

5,995.1 6,112.0 6,118.4 6,126.9 228.5 232.1 233.2 235.9 568.8 570.0 568.2 571.2

Indiana

3,179.5 3,240.7 3,245.7 3,260.4 153.4 166.3 165.2 164.6 541.5 540.6 541.7 542.0


Iowa

1,566.5 1,590.0 1,593.1 1,592.8 81.0 84.8 84.1 83.7 223.0 225.4 226.8 228.2

Kansas

1,409.5 1,444.8 1,441.8 1,441.6 64.6 68.1 67.5 66.0 167.7 172.2 171.7 172.3

Kentucky

1,953.5 1,992.2 2,002.4 2,009.5 81.8 84.0 86.6 85.0 251.7 255.9 258.6 260.0

Louisiana

1,910.5 1,945.5 1,950.7 1,958.9 129.0 131.8 132.9 134.7 132.4 136.5 137.0 137.6

Maine

638.4 646.3 645.2 646.0 32.6 33.0 33.2 33.5 54.4 54.5 54.3 54.7


Maryland

2,699.7 2,728.5 2,731.2 2,739.2 160.5 161.5 161.6 161.0 108.9 110.8 110.1 109.7

Massachusetts

3,660.1 3,742.0 3,754.1 3,759.2 169.8 172.9 174.8 175.6 238.7 238.2 238.8 238.3

Michigan

4,359.3 4,414.4 4,414.8 4,420.0 183.5 189.5 190.2 191.3 601.7 609.0 606.9 607.5

Minnesota

2,921.0 2,981.6 2,974.7 2,979.2 130.7 134.9 133.6 134.3 323.4 328.3 326.5 325.8

Mississippi

1,161.6 1,177.8 1,176.9 1,178.3 45.4 47.7 48.1 48.2 148.9 147.7 147.3 147.2


Missouri

2,914.7 2,967.0 2,969.9 2,974.6 138.1 138.8 138.3 137.5 280.2 291.1 291.1 291.7

Montana

507.7 517.5 516.7 517.8 36.0 38.8 38.4 38.2 22.0 23.0 22.8 23.1

Nebraska

1,021.5 1,043.2 1,044.4 1,042.9 57.1 62.1 61.6 61.0 103.1 105.5 105.8 105.9

Nevada

1,478.7 1,538.6 1,543.2 1,540.3 104.3 114.1 111.9 110.7 65.9 67.5 67.7 67.8

New Hampshire

685.3 699.2 700.7 699.9 30.0 30.2 30.9 30.7 70.4 71.7 71.6 71.5


New Jersey

4,233.2 4,313.7 4,316.5 4,332.3 163.1 166.1 166.6 166.9 249.6 253.7 253.4 253.3

New Mexico

844.7 862.8 865.9 865.8 49.3 50.6 50.5 50.7 28.9 29.5 29.4 29.7

New York

9,439.2 9,689.0 9,698.0 9,673.0 385.5 404.5 402.9 398.9 423.3 425.5 424.8 425.3

North Carolina

4,774.2 4,884.6 4,887.7 4,891.3 245.5 253.7 253.2 253.5 473.2 478.2 477.7 476.6

North Dakota

424.7 433.7 433.9 433.7 26.1 26.5 26.1 25.6 27.1 27.6 27.4 27.4


Ohio

5,524.6 5,579.1 5,590.5 5,608.6 233.4 240.4 239.7 241.3 682.8 686.1 691.5 692.2

Oklahoma

1,689.4 1,727.7 1,725.2 1,725.8 78.9 82.8 83.3 83.6 131.5 135.3 135.4 136.2

Oregon

1,938.4 1,987.0 1,988.3 1,989.9 114.7 122.4 122.7 121.7 192.9 195.4 195.8 195.2

Pennsylvania

5,960.8 6,096.4 6,106.1 6,117.1 259.5 264.9 264.8 265.7 562.4 565.6 567.9 569.4

Rhode Island

496.4 501.3 499.4 495.6 21.0 23.5 23.4 22.6 40.3 40.1 39.9 39.5


South Carolina

2,233.1 2,279.3 2,284.5 2,291.6 108.2 109.2 109.7 110.2 260.9 262.0 262.1 262.0

South Dakota

450.6 460.3 459.8 461.7 26.1 25.2 25.6 26.3 45.2 45.9 46.1 46.1

Tennessee

3,222.8 3,309.2 3,310.8 3,312.8 144.2 152.5 151.3 151.5 362.2 367.4 368.6 369.6

Texas

13,336.5 13,810.6 13,837.8 13,871.1 769.8 802.9 806.3 797.8 919.1 947.0 948.9 950.6

Utah

1,672.8 1,711.2 1,714.1 1,720.4 129.3 137.5 137.0 136.5 151.4 152.8 153.4 153.7


Vermont

304.1 307.7 308.6 309.8 15.6 15.9 15.9 15.8 29.1 29.1 28.8 28.5

Virginia

4,051.1 4,133.1 4,136.7 4,138.1 208.1 214.5 213.4 212.1 244.6 245.1 245.6 246.7

Washington

3,507.5 3,613.6 3,618.0 3,624.3 229.6 236.5 233.2 237.5 267.1 275.1 275.2 275.3

West Virginia

697.3 699.1 699.6 699.1 32.4 31.0 30.9 31.2 47.0 45.7 45.7 45.4

Wisconsin

2,952.1 2,997.0 2,999.8 3,003.6 130.2 133.8 131.9 134.5 480.1 485.6 485.3 485.8

Wyoming

283.5 288.7 289.5 289.3 21.2 21.7 21.7 21.6 10.0 10.8 10.7 10.6


Puerto Rico

914.7 942.6 945.6 950.4 32.0 34.3 35.3 36.1 81.8 83.5 83.4 83.1

Virgin Islands(3)

34.3 35.1 35.3 35.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 - - - -

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately.
(2) Mining and logging is combined with construction.
(3) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued
[In thousands]
State Trade, transportation, and utilities Financial activities Professional and business services
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)

Alabama

406.0 406.3 407.8 409.2 101.2 102.2 102.9 103.7 261.1 266.8 267.3 268.0

Alaska

63.7 65.7 65.4 65.2 11.0 11.3 11.2 11.3 27.0 28.6 28.3 28.3

Arizona

606.8 602.5 603.4 606.2 249.7 253.0 251.5 250.9 467.1 476.4 476.7 479.5

Arkansas

269.0 276.5 275.8 275.2 70.2 70.1 70.0 70.6 150.2 152.7 151.9 151.7

California

3,145.2 3,138.5 3,143.5 3,153.8 845.7 849.3 845.5 848.6 2,864.6 2,909.1 2,899.2 2,906.8


Colorado

505.0 498.3 496.6 495.2 182.6 177.1 174.7 173.3 483.8 492.6 492.2 496.1

Connecticut

300.4 296.9 297.1 297.5 118.8 115.2 115.0 114.7 222.8 225.1 226.0 224.5

Delaware

89.0 90.5 91.1 90.9 48.2 50.1 50.2 50.2 65.7 67.3 67.4 67.3

District of Columbia

30.4 30.6 30.3 30.1 27.4 27.8 28.3 28.2 173.2 174.0 174.7 174.5

Florida

1,921.3 1,972.0 1,977.4 1,975.6 660.3 677.2 677.3 680.0 1,569.4 1,609.4 1,608.7 1,619.6


Georgia

1,029.9 1,024.5 1,025.4 1,029.8 271.3 279.4 278.3 279.4 781.6 775.4 773.4 775.3

Hawaii

114.6 116.2 116.3 116.4 27.7 27.6 27.6 27.4 71.2 71.9 72.2 72.7

Idaho

161.4 162.3 161.9 162.4 41.0 41.6 41.4 41.4 107.0 110.5 111.1 111.0

Illinois

1,216.9 1,224.4 1,222.3 1,222.2 401.6 402.7 404.5 407.2 973.7 969.5 974.8 975.5

Indiana

632.1 637.4 638.5 639.8 146.9 150.6 149.5 151.0 367.3 371.8 376.6 380.1


Iowa

314.1 312.5 312.3 313.5 108.7 108.4 109.0 108.9 145.8 145.6 145.6 144.0

Kansas

273.0 274.2 274.4 275.5 75.9 76.4 76.0 76.6 179.9 186.7 185.4 183.9

Kentucky

424.0 431.7 433.5 434.2 97.1 95.4 94.9 95.2 228.7 230.2 229.4 230.6

Louisiana

373.8 371.0 370.1 370.3 88.9 92.2 92.7 93.1 220.9 219.8 220.8 222.7

Maine

119.3 121.0 120.5 120.2 33.8 34.4 34.4 34.2 76.2 76.8 76.9 76.7


Maryland

477.8 475.6 475.5 476.8 135.1 135.7 135.8 135.1 474.0 468.5 469.5 472.4

Massachusetts

567.0 572.1 571.5 571.2 225.3 232.0 232.1 232.2 630.6 652.3 652.9 653.7

Michigan

808.2 810.4 810.3 810.2 234.3 228.8 228.2 228.4 660.6 659.4 660.2 662.8

Minnesota

527.5 532.5 529.5 532.3 191.2 191.3 191.1 190.4 385.4 391.2 389.6 388.5

Mississippi

242.8 246.7 245.6 246.3 44.0 44.4 44.6 44.5 118.5 117.0 116.8 116.8


Missouri

558.6 558.9 558.8 561.6 184.6 188.8 188.0 186.7 382.4 387.1 389.3 390.1

Montana

99.4 100.2 100.5 100.8 28.3 29.1 28.9 28.9 49.4 50.9 51.0 50.3

Nebraska

196.7 197.9 197.3 198.3 71.5 70.2 70.1 70.1 121.5 122.1 121.7 119.9

Nevada

293.0 294.6 295.1 295.2 76.1 75.4 75.4 75.9 210.5 218.6 220.6 221.0

New Hampshire

139.1 140.1 139.9 139.1 34.5 34.1 34.2 34.5 95.3 100.5 102.0 103.3


New Jersey

915.2 919.8 919.7 923.3 258.8 259.4 258.0 258.6 723.6 722.6 721.5 729.1

New Mexico

143.7 141.9 142.2 140.9 35.0 34.1 34.6 34.8 114.6 119.5 120.1 120.4

New York

1,478.4 1,474.6 1,474.7 1,465.0 723.0 737.7 735.5 733.4 1,352.1 1,388.2 1,389.3 1,391.4

North Carolina

920.4 923.2 924.1 927.1 290.6 296.7 295.5 296.7 730.8 748.6 749.7 747.9

North Dakota

90.3 91.9 91.9 91.1 24.5 24.2 24.4 24.4 34.5 35.4 35.1 35.7


Ohio

1,062.0 1,053.6 1,051.2 1,052.8 317.7 321.6 321.8 321.9 743.9 738.2 741.3 744.7

Oklahoma

322.5 325.8 323.3 321.9 80.7 81.1 81.4 81.4 201.7 205.9 204.5 203.8

Oregon

368.2 368.6 367.0 366.7 105.4 106.3 106.2 106.3 262.5 270.6 270.8 270.9

Pennsylvania

1,143.8 1,159.0 1,158.0 1,155.5 333.2 339.7 340.5 339.9 839.4 858.1 859.0 861.6

Rhode Island

77.2 78.3 76.7 76.2 35.2 35.4 35.3 35.1 70.5 69.2 69.6 68.7


South Carolina

433.7 438.7 439.2 439.2 116.7 118.3 119.4 120.4 307.1 310.7 309.7 312.6

South Dakota

88.5 92.2 92.0 92.6 28.1 27.8 27.8 27.8 36.5 37.0 36.6 37.5

Tennessee

675.9 686.5 684.7 683.0 174.6 174.2 173.7 174.3 463.5 473.3 472.4 472.5

Texas

2,698.0 2,758.1 2,763.3 2,769.7 871.9 904.4 902.9 904.5 2,051.4 2,121.3 2,119.4 2,128.1

Utah

313.7 316.6 317.0 316.2 98.4 96.4 96.2 96.5 245.7 251.4 250.8 252.7


Vermont

52.0 52.8 52.8 53.0 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.3 31.9 33.4 33.3 33.1

Virginia

665.1 667.9 665.5 665.0 215.6 214.2 213.9 216.2 801.3 812.4 814.8 810.2

Washington

612.6 618.5 621.1 621.1 165.3 166.2 167.9 168.5 542.5 562.2 559.2 558.4

West Virginia

123.7 122.9 123.3 123.2 25.5 25.1 25.4 25.4 72.1 71.1 71.3 71.5

Wisconsin

549.6 554.5 555.6 555.2 158.6 160.4 160.6 161.3 326.6 324.7 324.7 327.1

Wyoming

52.1 52.3 52.5 52.3 11.5 11.8 11.6 11.9 20.4 20.8 20.9 20.4


Puerto Rico

182.9 185.4 185.7 185.9 46.5 46.7 46.9 46.9 136.8 142.1 142.7 145.4

Virgin Islands(1)

6.4 6.9 6.9 6.8 - - - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued
[In thousands]
State Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)
Apr.
2022
Feb.
2023
Mar.
2023
Apr.
2023(p)

Alabama

246.0 253.1 253.4 254.4 196.6 201.8 201.5 202.3 391.2 396.0 397.6 397.6

Alaska

50.2 50.8 50.3 50.6 34.1 35.7 35.7 36.1 76.9 78.3 78.4 78.4

Arizona

476.6 500.1 498.2 501.8 333.5 344.3 344.2 345.8 409.4 417.5 418.9 420.1

Arkansas

197.4 203.1 203.0 203.2 120.6 126.5 126.7 129.6 207.8 208.7 208.9 209.2

California

2,903.9 3,029.1 3,041.5 3,063.2 1,902.2 2,015.3 2,021.5 2,034.6 2,521.0 2,565.4 2,571.2 2,575.7


Colorado

352.5 355.2 354.6 355.5 337.4 350.3 350.3 354.7 446.6 453.5 455.1 455.8

Connecticut

340.2 351.9 352.0 352.7 148.2 154.2 153.8 153.5 226.2 229.4 229.7 230.2

Delaware

79.5 79.3 79.7 79.8 49.8 51.6 51.9 51.9 66.9 68.5 68.3 68.8

District of Columbia

121.6 123.7 123.5 122.3 65.8 75.5 75.9 75.3 239.6 234.6 234.3 234.5

Florida

1,376.7 1,455.6 1,460.2 1,467.3 1,224.3 1,313.1 1,312.7 1,313.5 1,086.4 1,108.7 1,110.6 1,113.6


Georgia

621.9 650.3 653.6 655.9 478.4 511.9 516.5 518.4 673.6 686.3 688.4 689.4

Hawaii

86.2 87.7 86.3 86.4 109.9 120.0 120.1 119.5 119.1 122.0 122.6 122.7

Idaho

119.9 124.9 125.7 125.2 88.6 92.1 92.4 92.2 125.6 131.1 131.7 131.7

Illinois

922.8 957.2 958.2 960.9 556.2 594.7 594.1 593.4 780.3 809.2 810.9 810.0

Indiana

470.1 483.4 481.7 485.8 299.9 315.6 316.8 320.6 410.9 413.5 414.8 415.3


Iowa

225.2 234.2 235.5 236.3 135.7 141.2 141.0 140.1 256.1 260.3 260.6 261.2

Kansas

197.3 204.9 204.8 205.3 126.7 133.8 133.7 133.7 250.2 253.5 254.2 254.5

Kentucky

285.6 294.4 296.2 297.6 191.7 198.4 201.5 203.7 298.0 304.0 303.2 304.2

Louisiana

320.9 334.5 335.6 337.0 209.8 220.2 221.6 220.5 309.6 314.4 314.3 316.6

Maine

125.2 127.7 127.8 127.6 65.8 66.7 66.5 67.1 99.1 100.2 99.7 99.7


Maryland

441.7 455.7 457.0 457.6 248.6 256.1 256.6 256.0 510.5 519.7 520.3 525.8

Massachusetts

804.2 825.6 829.7 831.6 346.5 356.0 360.5 360.2 447.7 457.2 458.2 459.7

Michigan

658.0 673.5 675.5 677.4 401.2 414.9 414.9 413.2 585.4 602.6 603.3 604.7

Minnesota

545.6 558.6 559.5 560.8 252.0 269.9 270.0 271.9 407.0 414.5 415.0 415.1

Mississippi

142.4 149.0 149.0 149.7 131.9 135.9 136.4 136.3 232.1 233.6 233.5 233.6


Missouri

486.5 495.4 493.8 497.2 294.4 308.3 310.7 308.1 424.9 428.2 429.7 430.7

Montana

80.4 82.4 82.7 83.3 70.1 71.8 71.3 71.5 90.3 89.6 89.4 89.6

Nebraska

155.5 158.9 160.2 160.7 90.8 96.5 97.4 96.8 169.7 171.8 172.3 172.2

Nevada

155.8 165.2 168.0 168.4 332.8 355.2 356.1 353.7 165.2 171.1 171.7 173.1

New Hampshire

122.1 125.0 124.7 124.4 70.8 73.3 73.7 72.6 86.2 86.5 86.3 86.7


New Jersey

724.8 766.5 767.5 770.2 373.6 393.2 398.0 399.2 583.7 586.3 585.5 585.4

New Mexico

140.6 144.7 145.6 145.9 93.7 97.0 97.3 97.5 179.1 183.1 183.9 182.8

New York

2,125.4 2,202.1 2,213.5 2,203.8 848.0 915.1 920.2 919.8 1,427.6 1,448.4 1,446.6 1,447.3

North Carolina

647.7 669.6 672.4 675.4 497.0 527.2 527.6 526.2 716.5 723.2 723.1 723.0

North Dakota

66.4 67.7 68.0 67.8 38.4 40.2 40.1 40.2 81.4 81.9 81.9 81.9


Ohio

898.7 920.0 923.6 926.4 536.8 557.0 557.9 564.1 764.9 768.9 769.9 769.6

Oklahoma

239.9 247.1 247.0 247.3 171.7 182.7 182.1 182.7 348.8 351.6 352.4 352.7

Oregon

301.5 310.0 311.7 312.7 196.7 204.9 204.7 205.0 291.9 302.1 302.5 302.3

Pennsylvania

1,250.6 1,295.4 1,297.4 1,305.8 531.8 556.5 559.5 561.3 677.2 683.3 684.6 684.9

Rhode Island

104.5 104.8 104.1 104.0 57.4 57.8 57.7 57.1 63.0 64.0 65.0 64.6


South Carolina

262.6 275.0 275.7 277.0 262.8 273.3 275.6 277.2 365.9 373.7 374.2 373.8

South Dakota

74.8 76.7 76.4 76.4 48.0 50.4 50.1 49.7 79.7 81.0 80.9 81.1

Tennessee

447.1 461.3 463.0 465.7 339.3 360.2 362.2 360.7 433.0 444.2 445.4 446.8

Texas

1,784.3 1,864.1 1,869.6 1,873.6 1,393.6 1,464.7 1,468.8 1,475.0 1,983.5 2,030.3 2,035.9 2,041.3

Utah

223.8 230.2 231.0 230.7 160.5 166.3 167.7 171.4 251.7 257.9 258.4 258.7


Vermont

61.8 62.2 62.4 62.6 33.5 32.5 33.2 34.3 53.0 54.4 54.7 55.0

Virginia

550.9 572.3 573.8 574.4 386.7 407.9 408.4 411.1 712.4 726.3 727.8 728.2

Washington

511.9 532.7 534.2 536.7 322.7 341.9 343.7 345.0 562.7 578.6 580.0 579.1

West Virginia

127.7 130.5 130.0 129.5 70.1 70.1 70.2 69.7 147.6 149.2 149.1 149.0

Wisconsin

455.0 466.1 467.2 465.2 264.1 272.2 272.7 272.3 393.3 402.0 402.8 402.9

Wyoming

28.7 29.7 29.9 29.6 37.5 37.9 38.1 38.3 67.0 67.8 68.2 68.1


Puerto Rico

119.8 124.2 124.4 124.8 84.9 91.4 92.2 92.9 193.5 198.8 198.9 199.0

Virgin Islands

2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 10.8 10.8 10.9 10.8

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
State Total Mining and logging Construction
March April March April March April
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

2,090.1 2,135.8 2,102.9 2,143.7 9.0 8.4 9.1 8.3 99.0 100.6 99.4 100.5

Alaska

308.1 316.8 312.5 319.7 10.6 10.2 10.8 10.7 13.9 14.5 14.9 14.7

Arizona

3,082.8 3,145.4 3,098.5 3,159.2 12.5 13.8 12.7 13.9 190.2 196.0 191.8 197.9

Arkansas

1,319.6 1,349.8 1,326.9 1,360.7 5.2 4.9 5.1 4.9 55.8 59.6 56.2 61.5

California

17,495.0 17,900.9 17,627.2 18,018.9 19.0 19.7 19.5 19.9 903.6 889.4 911.2 905.3


Colorado

2,827.7 2,868.1 2,865.4 2,880.6 20.2 21.4 20.6 22.3 176.3 175.4 182.2 180.9

Connecticut

1,646.4 1,668.1 1,662.3 1,676.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 57.5 55.5 61.4 59.3

Delaware(1)

463.8 476.6 471.5 480.7 - - - - 23.1 24.1 23.9 24.2

District of Columbia(1)

758.8 769.3 761.4 770.4 - - - - 15.4 15.2 15.3 15.6

Florida

9,314.9 9,706.6 9,387.3 9,711.4 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.8 592.4 604.3 595.9 602.7


Georgia

4,738.6 4,875.0 4,778.8 4,888.7 9.6 9.8 9.7 9.9 210.5 219.1 212.3 217.6

Hawaii(1)

612.0 633.1 615.3 632.4 - - - - 37.0 38.2 37.1 37.3

Idaho

816.1 840.0 819.0 844.6 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.1 63.1 65.7 64.2 68.4

Illinois

5,929.6 6,047.5 5,989.9 6,103.7 6.6 6.9 6.9 7.1 211.6 213.3 225.3 229.5

Indiana

3,150.6 3,226.8 3,173.1 3,260.7 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.9 147.3 160.7 152.4 164.5


Iowa

1,552.2 1,575.1 1,569.8 1,592.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 72.1 75.0 79.9 83.0

Kansas

1,397.1 1,436.0 1,414.3 1,445.4 6.0 6.4 6.1 6.4 61.7 66.0 64.1 66.5

Kentucky

1,943.2 1,990.7 1,950.8 2,012.5 7.8 8.6 8.0 8.7 79.5 82.9 81.5 83.9

Louisiana

1,905.4 1,948.9 1,914.7 1,961.7 30.4 32.5 30.4 33.6 128.2 132.9 129.6 135.7

Maine

620.5 627.1 629.2 633.0 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.8 30.6 30.2 31.8 31.8


Maryland

2,672.7 2,711.5 2,695.0 2,735.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 158.6 159.1 159.2 160.1

Massachusetts

3,597.1 3,701.0 3,651.3 3,742.4 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 159.4 164.9 168.8 173.1

Michigan

4,298.2 4,372.0 4,344.4 4,393.1 6.6 7.0 6.9 7.1 168.0 176.8 180.1 184.6

Minnesota

2,859.9 2,922.5 2,908.4 2,952.1 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 114.5 116.6 124.7 125.3

Mississippi

1,157.4 1,172.0 1,161.6 1,177.3 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.1 46.4 48.1 45.4 48.2


Missouri

2,888.6 2,954.6 2,925.2 2,982.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 133.6 134.4 137.6 135.8

Montana

499.1 508.2 505.6 514.0 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 33.0 34.9 35.5 37.1

Nebraska

1,013.0 1,037.8 1,021.3 1,041.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 54.4 59.2 57.2 61.1

Nevada

1,461.8 1,537.3 1,481.2 1,541.2 15.0 15.2 15.1 15.2 103.2 111.1 104.8 112.2

New Hampshire

677.1 693.5 682.6 697.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 28.3 29.2 29.7 30.2


New Jersey

4,177.1 4,252.4 4,216.6 4,302.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 157.3 158.5 162.8 165.4

New Mexico

840.1 865.3 848.2 866.4 20.3 22.8 20.3 23.4 48.4 50.6 49.9 50.8

New York

9,365.3 9,616.3 9,436.8 9,650.4 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.4 366.2 386.5 381.8 394.0

North Carolina

4,741.9 4,885.1 4,779.5 4,891.1 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.5 244.3 251.0 245.8 251.1

North Dakota

419.7 429.0 422.1 430.9 14.9 18.1 15.3 18.8 22.5 23.0 24.1 23.8


Ohio

5,450.1 5,535.9 5,522.3 5,598.0 8.8 9.1 8.9 9.5 219.5 223.4 231.3 239.6

Oklahoma

1,679.9 1,722.7 1,694.1 1,728.9 29.8 31.5 30.0 31.4 78.9 82.6 79.0 83.2

Oregon

1,928.6 1,979.0 1,940.6 1,986.1 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.4 112.6 119.4 113.8 119.6

Pennsylvania

5,915.7 6,061.3 5,976.3 6,118.0 21.6 22.7 22.0 23.0 247.5 251.1 259.9 262.8

Rhode Island

485.0 489.9 496.8 491.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 19.4 21.8 20.9 22.1


South Carolina

2,211.5 2,275.2 2,235.0 2,289.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 106.9 109.8 108.4 109.6

South Dakota

442.9 451.8 448.4 457.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 23.0 22.5 25.2 24.6

Tennessee

3,204.5 3,299.5 3,230.6 3,310.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 143.1 149.8 143.8 151.4

Texas

13,219.6 13,790.4 13,339.7 13,848.3 192.9 212.8 195.8 213.3 766.1 800.2 773.2 790.0

Utah

1,661.3 1,707.7 1,676.8 1,720.3 9.5 10.2 9.7 10.3 126.9 133.7 129.4 133.8


Vermont

302.6 306.4 302.8 305.4 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 14.0 14.0 15.1 14.9

Virginia

4,014.5 4,113.6 4,052.3 4,136.5 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 205.4 210.3 208.1 211.5

Washington

3,478.7 3,596.8 3,499.8 3,617.5 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.7 225.8 230.8 228.3 237.1

West Virginia

691.3 694.0 696.2 699.7 19.3 21.0 19.5 21.3 30.4 28.6 31.7 30.7

Wisconsin

2,917.5 2,961.1 2,946.2 2,993.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 119.9 120.9 126.9 131.4

Wyoming

277.4 284.2 279.4 285.3 15.8 16.3 16.0 16.9 19.3 20.1 20.8 21.1


Puerto Rico

922.4 946.1 910.4 950.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 32.3 35.5 31.4 36.3

Virgin Islands(1)

34.9 35.4 34.4 35.2 - - - - 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1

Footnotes
(1) Mining and logging is combined with construction.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued
[In thousands]
State Manufacturing Trade, transportation, and utilities Information
March April March April March April
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

271.0 276.6 271.8 276.2 404.3 405.8 402.7 406.8 22.4 22.5 22.3 22.5

Alaska

11.4 11.7 11.1 11.2 60.6 62.8 62.2 63.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7

Arizona

188.9 196.0 190.9 195.0 603.8 600.5 600.2 599.6 50.9 50.3 51.4 50.3

Arkansas

161.0 163.6 160.8 163.1 267.0 274.7 266.9 273.4 12.5 12.5 12.6 12.7

California

1,320.9 1,335.1 1,327.5 1,335.0 3,108.9 3,110.9 3,104.8 3,115.8 607.5 600.3 601.5 600.8


Colorado

152.3 154.1 152.6 153.7 497.8 494.6 500.2 490.1 78.9 77.1 79.7 77.2

Connecticut

155.4 157.9 156.1 156.7 295.3 294.4 293.9 292.7 30.9 31.0 30.8 31.4

Delaware

25.8 27.0 26.0 27.0 87.1 90.0 88.0 89.9 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7

District of Columbia

1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 30.1 30.2 30.0 29.9 20.7 20.9 20.8 20.9

Florida

404.9 418.3 406.6 419.9 1,902.6 1,973.7 1,908.9 1,962.0 153.2 153.2 154.4 151.9


Georgia

413.5 418.0 414.8 415.7 1,019.3 1,024.1 1,021.2 1,023.9 130.8 129.7 127.3 127.5

Hawaii

12.4 12.8 12.5 12.7 113.6 115.7 113.7 115.4 8.9 9.0 7.7 8.9

Idaho

72.8 71.9 72.9 71.8 160.7 160.4 160.1 160.8 8.8 9.4 8.8 9.8

Illinois

566.6 567.0 568.0 569.9 1,200.3 1,209.1 1,204.3 1,209.7 93.9 91.2 93.8 91.4

Indiana

539.5 540.4 539.2 540.8 623.3 630.6 624.8 632.1 26.6 25.6 26.6 25.7


Iowa

221.2 225.4 222.7 227.3 311.0 308.2 312.2 311.2 19.0 19.0 18.9 18.8

Kansas

166.8 171.3 167.2 171.8 269.8 271.9 271.2 273.9 18.2 17.5 18.4 17.5

Kentucky

248.1 258.4 251.0 261.1 423.2 429.8 418.9 430.8 21.0 21.9 21.0 22.2

Louisiana

132.2 136.5 132.1 137.2 372.6 368.7 371.7 368.0 23.0 23.0 24.4 23.1

Maine

53.7 53.3 54.0 54.2 116.2 117.3 116.6 117.0 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.7


Maryland

108.9 109.4 108.2 109.0 472.6 469.9 470.3 470.8 35.4 34.5 35.5 34.9

Massachusetts

237.2 237.2 238.5 236.8 554.7 565.2 558.2 565.1 94.5 96.3 95.9 98.0

Michigan

602.9 602.7 599.1 602.5 794.8 802.0 798.9 802.1 55.1 56.9 55.7 56.2

Minnesota

318.3 322.4 320.7 322.2 515.6 523.0 522.7 526.1 44.6 46.3 44.8 46.7

Mississippi

148.2 146.9 148.9 147.2 240.2 243.7 241.2 244.2 10.0 10.2 10.1 10.2


Missouri

279.0 291.1 280.0 290.8 554.3 555.7 555.8 560.4 47.9 47.8 48.0 48.2

Montana

21.8 22.5 21.8 22.9 98.3 99.2 98.7 99.8 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6

Nebraska

102.5 105.7 102.7 105.4 194.9 196.0 195.1 196.9 17.9 18.2 17.9 18.3

Nevada

65.2 67.4 66.0 67.7 289.2 292.9 289.5 291.8 17.3 18.8 17.5 18.7

New Hampshire

70.0 71.1 70.1 71.3 137.1 138.8 137.5 138.0 11.9 11.6 11.9 11.7


New Jersey

248.0 252.7 249.2 252.5 901.7 906.5 902.1 907.1 73.8 76.1 75.4 75.8

New Mexico

28.3 29.1 28.6 29.5 142.3 141.3 142.8 139.7 10.6 10.7 10.9 10.7

New York

420.4 422.9 422.5 423.9 1,461.9 1,455.3 1,460.1 1,447.0 292.6 291.7 289.2 287.3

North Carolina

472.3 476.2 471.4 473.9 912.6 918.5 910.5 918.8 79.2 83.8 80.2 83.3

North Dakota

26.7 27.2 27.0 27.2 89.8 90.9 90.2 90.3 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.6


Ohio

679.2 692.9 681.8 691.2 1,049.7 1,039.8 1,050.9 1,044.3 68.6 68.0 69.1 67.4

Oklahoma

131.9 135.1 131.9 136.1 318.7 322.2 318.6 320.0 17.4 17.5 17.7 17.8

Oregon

189.9 192.9 192.4 193.1 364.4 362.6 365.0 362.1 36.6 36.6 36.8 37.6

Pennsylvania

560.0 565.4 562.0 568.2 1,133.2 1,149.7 1,134.6 1,148.4 91.1 95.7 92.0 95.0

Rhode Island

40.0 39.7 40.1 39.5 75.5 76.2 76.3 75.1 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.9


South Carolina

260.6 262.0 261.0 260.5 428.7 437.1 431.1 435.6 29.0 31.8 29.4 32.5

South Dakota

44.9 46.0 45.0 46.2 87.5 90.9 87.8 92.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2

Tennessee

360.9 369.4 362.5 369.5 673.1 681.3 671.6 678.0 52.8 56.1 53.5 54.9

Texas

910.4 946.8 917.9 949.2 2,665.1 2,748.5 2,675.4 2,754.5 223.3 237.3 226.3 240.8

Utah

150.6 152.8 150.7 153.3 308.7 314.2 310.8 313.3 44.2 44.9 44.4 45.1


Vermont

28.8 28.4 28.9 28.1 51.3 52.1 51.6 52.6 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.5

Virginia

243.1 244.5 243.6 245.9 657.8 656.4 657.4 657.2 68.9 70.6 69.1 70.9

Washington

264.4 273.2 265.7 271.9 605.1 614.1 606.0 613.9 165.7 170.3 166.5 168.0

West Virginia

45.8 45.4 46.8 45.4 121.9 122.0 122.1 122.5 7.8 7.7 7.8 8.0

Wisconsin

476.3 483.0 477.0 483.0 542.0 547.1 544.2 548.3 45.4 44.9 45.4 44.7

Wyoming

9.9 10.5 9.9 10.5 51.3 51.8 51.4 51.6 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1


Puerto Rico

82.4 83.5 81.1 82.9 183.0 184.8 180.1 184.3 16.8 16.5 17.1 16.6

Virgin Islands

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 6.5 7.0 6.4 6.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued
[In thousands]
State Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services
March April March April March April
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

100.3 101.9 101.0 103.6 257.7 267.8 261.3 267.4 243.7 252.4 245.7 253.7

Alaska

10.9 11.1 10.9 11.2 26.3 27.4 26.5 27.7 50.2 50.7 50.4 51.0

Arizona

249.2 250.2 249.4 249.2 462.3 472.2 468.9 474.6 476.6 499.9 478.7 504.2

Arkansas

69.7 69.2 70.1 70.3 151.0 151.8 151.7 152.9 197.1 203.6 197.9 203.6

California

840.0 842.6 845.6 847.7 2,829.8 2,882.8 2,862.6 2,893.5 2,899.1 3,049.2 2,924.6 3,079.5


Colorado

181.0 173.6 182.8 172.0 470.1 485.8 483.6 495.7 350.4 355.0 354.3 354.7

Connecticut

118.2 114.9 118.1 114.1 218.6 222.0 223.0 224.6 340.8 352.5 342.6 354.0

Delaware

47.7 50.0 48.2 50.2 64.5 66.9 66.3 67.6 79.1 79.5 79.7 79.7

District of Columbia

27.4 28.3 27.2 28.2 171.8 173.7 172.6 173.3 123.2 124.8 123.4 123.7

Florida

653.4 674.4 660.3 676.4 1,551.8 1,608.9 1,572.3 1,622.2 1,371.8 1,464.0 1,382.9 1,467.1


Georgia

268.1 278.3 270.7 278.8 765.8 768.6 778.2 774.6 618.5 656.3 622.9 657.6

Hawaii

27.6 27.4 27.7 27.3 70.9 72.3 71.6 73.2 86.7 86.4 86.7 86.4

Idaho

41.0 41.4 40.8 41.3 105.2 109.6 106.9 110.1 121.0 127.0 120.4 126.4

Illinois

398.7 402.3 400.3 405.9 955.7 953.6 967.5 965.8 925.7 963.3 928.9 968.3

Indiana

145.0 148.5 146.2 149.7 360.5 369.1 366.3 378.6 469.9 483.6 471.5 487.2


Iowa

108.2 108.3 108.2 108.5 143.7 142.8 146.0 143.5 230.2 238.4 228.5 239.2

Kansas

74.6 75.4 75.7 76.1 176.3 183.2 180.4 184.1 196.7 205.1 198.2 206.1

Kentucky

96.1 94.5 96.7 94.7 224.1 227.6 226.5 230.1 285.5 296.5 285.7 298.9

Louisiana

87.7 92.4 88.6 93.0 220.4 220.4 222.7 222.3 319.5 334.6 321.7 337.9

Maine

33.1 34.0 33.4 33.9 73.7 75.1 76.0 76.1 125.9 128.8 126.1 128.8


Maryland

133.3 134.3 134.5 134.2 467.1 463.9 474.6 472.0 441.6 459.4 443.3 460.9

Massachusetts

223.4 230.7 224.2 230.3 617.7 639.6 631.9 653.5 811.1 838.1 811.6 837.9

Michigan

232.0 226.2 233.2 227.3 650.7 655.8 662.1 662.0 656.9 676.5 659.9 679.9

Minnesota

189.3 190.1 190.6 189.5 375.7 379.3 384.7 386.1 544.6 559.4 548.5 561.5

Mississippi

43.7 44.4 43.9 44.4 117.7 116.2 117.4 115.6 142.0 149.0 143.0 150.3


Missouri

182.5 187.6 184.0 186.2 376.8 388.3 384.8 392.2 483.9 494.9 489.7 501.2

Montana

27.9 28.6 28.1 28.7 48.0 49.7 49.2 49.6 80.7 83.2 81.2 83.7

Nebraska

71.0 69.7 71.2 70.0 119.9 120.5 121.4 119.6 155.6 160.6 155.6 160.5

Nevada

75.0 75.1 76.0 75.7 205.3 218.7 209.5 220.4 154.8 168.3 157.0 168.5

New Hampshire

34.2 33.9 34.4 34.3 93.0 100.8 94.8 104.0 123.6 125.4 124.7 125.8


New Jersey

256.5 256.5 257.7 257.1 714.3 705.0 723.4 725.0 726.0 770.4 729.3 773.2

New Mexico

34.7 34.1 35.1 34.7 113.6 118.9 114.9 120.1 140.1 146.4 141.9 146.3

New York

712.3 731.0 716.7 728.8 1,328.5 1,371.3 1,350.0 1,385.5 2,150.1 2,238.0 2,166.0 2,235.4

North Carolina

285.6 293.5 289.6 294.3 721.4 748.7 732.3 746.4 645.0 675.0 650.2 676.7

North Dakota

24.3 24.3 24.3 24.4 33.9 34.3 33.9 35.0 66.5 68.1 66.8 68.1


Ohio

314.1 319.7 316.6 319.6 728.9 724.7 743.2 739.1 895.8 928.9 901.3 930.9

Oklahoma

79.8 81.1 80.5 80.4 198.7 202.7 201.8 203.9 237.9 246.2 240.4 247.8

Oregon

104.8 105.2 105.1 105.8 261.9 269.7 263.1 269.8 305.0 314.1 304.5 314.8

Pennsylvania

331.0 338.4 331.5 338.3 831.7 847.5 842.7 863.5 1,260.0 1,311.2 1,268.1 1,316.4

Rhode Island

34.2 35.0 35.0 35.0 67.6 66.9 71.1 68.0 105.9 105.5 107.2 105.7


South Carolina

114.3 118.5 116.5 120.7 302.4 308.8 306.4 309.7 260.5 275.5 263.5 278.2

South Dakota

27.8 27.6 27.9 27.7 36.0 36.0 36.6 37.4 74.8 77.0 75.3 77.0

Tennessee

172.5 172.6 174.3 173.5 457.1 467.6 462.4 470.2 447.5 463.9 448.7 467.5

Texas

861.7 900.0 869.5 901.1 2,025.2 2,101.8 2,050.5 2,115.4 1,768.2 1,867.6 1,787.4 1,873.0

Utah

97.7 95.5 98.2 96.4 241.3 246.1 245.2 252.0 225.3 235.5 227.3 233.5


Vermont

11.9 12.0 12.1 12.1 30.9 32.3 31.8 32.6 63.1 63.0 63.5 63.0

Virginia

213.7 212.8 215.3 216.3 790.3 809.2 800.6 810.9 548.4 573.8 557.2 573.9

Washington

165.5 166.4 164.8 167.6 536.7 554.4 541.2 557.4 513.8 537.4 515.0 541.2

West Virginia

25.2 25.3 25.4 25.4 71.4 70.7 72.5 72.5 127.7 130.2 127.6 129.3

Wisconsin

157.0 159.8 157.9 161.0 325.3 318.9 326.6 326.1 453.8 466.8 455.7 466.6

Wyoming

11.4 11.6 11.4 11.8 19.5 20.1 20.1 20.1 28.9 30.1 29.0 29.7


Puerto Rico

47.0 46.7 46.1 46.8 140.1 141.7 136.3 144.6 121.1 125.0 120.6 125.5

Virgin Islands

1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.5

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued
[In thousands]
State Leisure and hospitality Other services Government
March April March April March April
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

194.1 199.2 197.3 203.0 98.1 101.9 99.1 102.2 390.5 398.7 393.2 399.5

Alaska

30.0 32.4 31.5 33.2 10.7 11.3 11.0 11.4 78.8 80.0 78.5 80.1

Arizona

334.6 343.6 338.9 348.7 95.6 95.0 97.9 94.4 418.2 427.9 417.7 431.4

Arkansas

119.4 124.7 122.5 131.6 70.7 73.0 71.3 73.4 210.2 212.2 211.8 213.3

California

1,867.8 2,000.9 1,912.3 2,032.3 551.9 571.9 562.2 581.4 2,546.5 2,598.1 2,555.4 2,607.7


Colorado

330.0 348.3 334.6 351.6 120.8 124.5 123.1 122.6 449.9 458.3 451.7 459.8

Connecticut

138.0 144.1 144.9 148.6 59.9 60.6 60.5 61.6 231.4 234.7 230.5 233.1

Delaware

46.5 47.6 48.5 49.7 18.4 18.3 18.8 18.5 67.9 69.6 68.3 70.2

District of Columbia

62.0 74.2 66.6 75.5 66.7 68.0 66.4 69.3 240.4 233.0 238.1 233.0

Florida

1,236.2 1,323.8 1,251.8 1,321.4 337.7 351.6 342.7 350.3 1,105.4 1,128.6 1,106.0 1,131.7


Georgia

468.2 510.5 482.5 520.4 159.7 169.7 162.6 170.9 674.6 690.9 676.6 691.8

Hawaii

107.6 119.3 109.8 118.3 25.7 26.9 26.2 27.0 121.6 125.1 122.3 125.9

Idaho

85.9 89.7 86.7 90.5 27.0 27.8 27.0 27.4 126.8 133.1 127.4 134.0

Illinois

534.8 570.5 554.7 582.9 242.8 252.0 245.0 251.2 792.9 818.3 795.2 822.0

Indiana

293.6 308.5 298.8 320.7 122.9 128.8 124.4 129.5 416.5 425.2 417.2 426.0


Iowa

130.8 135.2 135.1 137.6 55.3 56.3 55.4 55.2 258.7 264.3 260.6 265.5

Kansas

123.2 130.0 127.1 133.2 49.3 50.4 50.2 49.9 254.5 258.8 255.7 259.9

Kentucky

190.7 195.3 193.8 205.4 65.2 67.6 65.8 68.2 302.0 307.6 301.9 308.5

Louisiana

209.4 221.2 209.1 220.7 70.6 69.9 70.8 70.2 311.4 316.8 313.6 320.0

Maine

55.3 55.4 59.3 58.4 21.4 21.6 21.7 22.3 100.6 101.5 100.7 101.0


Maryland

236.6 244.2 243.5 250.1 105.2 108.2 105.9 108.4 512.1 527.2 518.7 533.3

Massachusetts

315.5 330.7 333.5 344.6 130.0 134.1 132.5 136.3 452.7 463.2 455.2 465.8

Michigan

379.1 394.3 390.2 395.8 160.2 158.6 162.6 158.3 591.9 615.2 595.7 617.3

Minnesota

236.2 254.3 246.1 260.9 104.3 105.7 106.4 106.3 410.5 419.2 412.9 421.3

Mississippi

129.7 133.0 132.8 136.7 39.3 39.1 39.5 39.2 234.1 235.2 233.4 235.2


Missouri

284.5 299.8 295.6 308.5 111.9 116.0 113.0 117.3 429.9 434.5 432.3 437.1

Montana

67.1 68.4 68.2 69.0 19.1 19.0 19.2 19.7 91.0 90.5 91.5 91.3

Nebraska

88.4 94.3 90.6 95.3 36.6 38.8 36.7 39.2 170.8 173.8 171.9 174.2

Nevada

329.3 352.8 334.9 353.8 41.4 42.2 42.4 40.7 166.1 174.8 168.5 176.5

New Hampshire

65.0 67.5 66.0 67.1 23.5 24.5 23.8 24.2 89.6 89.8 88.8 89.6


New Jersey

344.9 367.8 358.0 383.7 161.1 163.9 163.6 166.9 591.9 593.3 593.5 594.1

New Mexico

92.2 96.8 93.7 97.3 27.9 28.1 28.3 28.4 181.7 186.5 181.8 185.5

New York

804.3 871.3 831.0 893.5 377.6 390.0 379.0 390.8 1,446.4 1,453.0 1,435.2 1,458.8

North Carolina

477.7 515.2 493.6 521.4 164.9 174.4 166.4 174.7 733.4 743.3 733.9 745.0

North Dakota

37.8 39.2 37.7 39.2 14.6 14.8 14.6 15.0 82.9 83.5 82.4 83.5


Ohio

514.2 532.8 534.0 555.5 202.9 214.2 205.7 218.0 768.4 782.4 779.5 782.9

Oklahoma

168.0 179.9 173.5 183.2 65.8 66.6 66.4 66.8 353.0 357.3 354.3 358.3

Oregon

190.3 200.2 194.9 202.0 60.8 63.3 61.3 65.6 296.1 308.7 297.4 309.3

Pennsylvania

507.1 532.4 527.6 553.2 245.5 252.0 247.5 251.8 687.0 695.2 688.4 697.4

Rhode Island

52.0 51.5 55.2 53.6 20.7 21.4 21.2 21.5 64.0 65.9 63.9 65.3


South Carolina

255.9 267.5 264.3 277.5 80.7 81.7 81.6 81.9 368.2 378.0 368.4 378.4

South Dakota

45.1 46.2 46.5 46.7 17.2 17.7 17.3 17.5 80.4 81.6 80.6 81.9

Tennessee

329.0 354.1 340.9 357.8 123.6 128.2 125.1 129.1 440.5 452.1 443.4 454.6

Texas

1,369.8 1,448.1 1,398.7 1,474.4 435.0 467.5 441.4 472.4 2,001.9 2,059.8 2,003.6 2,064.2

Utah

159.7 167.2 161.6 171.0 43.3 46.8 43.7 48.7 254.1 260.8 255.8 262.9


Vermont

33.5 33.3 30.7 30.6 9.6 9.9 9.7 9.9 54.5 56.2 54.3 56.4

Virginia

371.0 396.3 382.1 408.9 187.9 194.5 189.2 195.8 720.9 738.1 722.6 738.1

Washington

313.7 336.2 321.9 343.2 118.1 125.3 118.9 126.3 564.5 583.0 566.1 585.2

West Virginia

68.6 67.7 69.6 68.7 23.8 24.7 24.1 24.9 149.4 150.7 149.1 151.0

Wisconsin

250.5 256.1 257.7 262.9 144.4 149.7 144.2 149.5 399.4 410.3 407.0 416.3

Wyoming

34.8 35.7 34.3 35.3 15.8 16.0 15.9 16.4 67.7 68.9 67.6 68.8


Puerto Rico

84.5 92.2 84.2 92.4 18.7 19.0 18.7 19.1 195.8 200.6 194.2 200.9

Virgin Islands

6.5 6.2 6.4 6.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.


Last Modified Date: May 19, 2023