For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 20, 2020	               USDL-20-2132

Technical information: 
 Employment:	 sminfo@bls.gov    *  www.bls.gov/sae
 Unemployment:	 lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau

Media contact:	 (202) 691-5902    *  PressOffice@bls.gov


           STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- OCTOBER 2020


Unemployment rates were lower in October in 37 states and the District of
Columbia, higher in 8 states, and stable in 5 states, the U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics reported today. Forty-seven states and the District had
jobless rate increases from a year earlier and three states had little or
no change. The national unemployment rate declined by 1.0 percentage point
over the month to 6.9 percent but was 3.3 points higher than in October 2019.

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 32 states, decreased in 2 states, and
was essentially unchanged in 16 states and the District of Columbia in October
2020. Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment decreased in 48 states and the
District and was essentially unchanged in 2 states.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian
labor force and unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of
households. These data pertain to individuals by where they reside. The 
employment data are from an establishment survey that measures nonfarm 
employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on
payrolls defined by where the establishments are located. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodologies used by these two programs,
see the Technical Note.

Unemployment

Hawaii had the highest unemployment rate in October, 14.3 percent, followed by
Nevada, 12.0 percent. Nebraska and Vermont had the lowest rates, 3.0 percent and
3.2 percent, respectively. In total, 26 states had jobless rates lower than the
U.S. figure of 6.9 percent, 9 states and the District of Columbia had higher
rates, and 15 states had rates that were not appreciably different from that of
the nation. (See tables A and 1.)

In October, the largest unemployment rate decreases occurred in Illinois (-3.6
percentage points) and Rhode Island (-3.5 points). Rates declined over the month
by at least 2.0 percentage points in an additional six states. The largest over-
the-month jobless rate increase occurred in Kentucky (+1.8 percentage points).
(See table B.)

Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia had unemployment rate increases
from October 2019, the largest of which occurred in Hawaii (+11.6 percentage
points) and Nevada (+8.3 points). (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 32 states, decreased in 2 states, and
was essentially unchanged in 16 states and the District of Columbia in October
2020. The largest job gains occurred in California (+145,500), Texas (+118,100),
and Florida (+51,600). The largest percentage increases occurred in Alaska (+2.9
percent), Hawaii (+2.0 percent), and Louisiana and Wyoming (+1.2 percent each).
Employment decreased in Wisconsin (-14,700, or -0.5 percent) and New Hampshire
(-3,700, or -0.6 percent). (See tables D and 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment decreased in 48 states and the District
of Columbia and was essentially unchanged in 2 states. The largest job declines
occurred in California (-1,369,400), New York (-1,015,500), and Texas (-499,200).
The largest percentage declines occurred in Hawaii (-17.3 percent), New York
(-10.4 percent), and Vermont (-9.3 percent). (See table E.)

_____________
The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for October
is scheduled to be released on Thursday, December 3, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
The State Employment and Unemployment news release for November is scheduled
to be released on Friday, December 18, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).


  ___________________________________________________________________________________
 |										     |
 |               Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on October 2020              |
 |		        Establishment and Household Survey Data        		     |
 |										     |
 | BLS has continued to review all estimation and methodological procedures for the  |
 | establishment survey, which included the review of data, estimation processes,    |
 | the application of the birth-death model, and seasonal adjustment. Business 	     |
 | births and deaths cannot be adequately captured by the establishment survey as    |
 | they occur. Therefore, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program uses a     |
 | model to account for the relatively stable net employment change generated by     |
 | business births and deaths. Due to the impact of COVID-19, the relationship 	     |
 | between business births and deaths is no longer stable. Typically, reports with   |
 | zero employment are not included in estimation. For the September final and	     |
 | October preliminary estimates, CES included a portion of these reports in the     |
 | estimates and made modifications to the birth-death model. In addition for both   |
 | months, the establishment survey included a portion of the reports that returned  |
 | to reporting positive employment from reporting zero employment. For more	     |
 | information, see www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbd.htm.				     |
 |										     |
 | In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or    |
 | any part of the pay period including the 12th of the month are counted as	     |
 | employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. Workers who are	     |
 | temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not  |
 | counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits. The length  |
 | of the reference period does vary across the respondents in the establishment     |
 | survey; one-third of businesses have a weekly pay period, slightly over 40	     |
 | percent a bi-weekly, about 20 percent semi-monthly, and a small amount monthly.   |
 |										     |
 | For the October 2020 estimates of household employment and unemployment from the  |
 | Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program, BLS continued to implement     |
 | level-shift outliers in the employment and/or unemployment inputs to the models,  |
 | based on statistical evaluation of movements in each area's inputs. Both the	     |
 | Current Population Survey inputs, which serve as the primary inputs to the LAUS   |
 | models, and the nonfarm payroll employment and unemployment insurance claims	     |
 | covariates were examined for outliers. The resulting implementation of level	     |
 | shifts preserved movements in the published estimates that the models otherwise   |
 | would have discounted, without requiring changes to how the models create	     |
 | estimates at other points in the time series.				     |
 |										     |
 | To mitigate distortions due to the complex relationships between level shifts in  |
 | the household survey and covariate inputs to the state models, BLS retained the   |
 | same modifications to the LAUS seasonal adjustment and smoothing procedures that  |
 | had been introduced during the May 2020 cycle. Specifically, level shifts were    |
 | isolated from the estimation of seasonal factors, and the Reproducing Kernel	     |
 | Hilbert Space filter was not used to smooth the seasonally adjusted estimates.    |
 | It is anticipated that these modifications will be necessary for as long as	     |
 | complex outlier treatments are deemed necessary for the model inputs.	     |
 |										     |
 | The "Frequently asked questions" document at					     |
 | www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-october-2020.htm 	     |
 | extensively discusses the impact of a misclassification in the household survey   |
 | on the national estimates for October 2020. Despite the considerable decline in   |
 | its degree relative to prior months, this misclassification continued to be	     |
 | widespread geographically, with BLS analysis indicating that most states again    |
 | were affected to at least some extent. However, according to usual practice, the  |
 | data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain data 	     |
 | integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses. Hence,     |
 | the household survey estimates of employed and unemployed people that serve as    |
 | the primary inputs to the state models were affected to varying degrees by the    |
 | misclassification, which in turn affected the official LAUS estimates for October |
 | 2020.									     |
 |   										     |
 | Household data for Puerto Rico are not modeled, but rather are derived from a     |
 | monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Due to the     |
 | effects of the pandemic and efforts to contain the virus, Puerto Rico had not     |
 | been able to conduct its household survey for March or April 2020. Since data     |
 | collection resumed effective May 2020, the Puerto Rico Department of Labor has    |
 | reported a misclassification in its household survey similar in nature to the     |
 | misclassification in the Current Population Survey.				     |
 |___________________________________________________________________________________|



Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different
from that of the U.S., October 2020, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------
                State                |          Rate(p)
--------------------------------------------------------------
United States (1) ...................|           6.9
                                     |              
Alabama .............................|           5.8
Alaska ..............................|           5.9
Arizona .............................|           8.0
California ..........................|           9.3
Delaware ............................|           5.6
District of Columbia ................|           8.2
Georgia .............................|           4.5
Hawaii ..............................|          14.3
Idaho ...............................|           5.5
Indiana .............................|           5.0
                                     |              
Iowa ................................|           3.6
Kansas ..............................|           5.3
Louisiana ...........................|           9.4
Maine ...............................|           5.4
Maryland ............................|           7.8
Michigan ............................|           5.5
Minnesota ...........................|           4.6
Missouri ............................|           4.6
Montana .............................|           4.9
Nebraska ............................|           3.0
                                     |              
Nevada ..............................|          12.0
New Hampshire .......................|           4.2
New Jersey ..........................|           8.2
New Mexico ..........................|           8.1
New York ............................|           9.6
North Dakota ........................|           4.8
Ohio ................................|           5.6
Oklahoma ............................|           6.1
South Carolina ......................|           4.2
South Dakota ........................|           3.6
                                     |              
Utah ................................|           4.1
Vermont .............................|           3.2
Virginia ............................|           5.3
Washington ..........................|           6.0
Wisconsin ...........................|           5.7
Wyoming .............................|           5.5
--------------------------------------------------------------
   (1) Data are not preliminary.
   (p) = preliminary.


Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from September 2020 to October 2020, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------| Over-the-month
             State              | September |  October  |    change(p)
                                |    2020   |  2020(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ........................|     6.7   |     5.8   |      -0.9
Alaska .........................|     7.2   |     5.9   |      -1.3
Arizona ........................|     6.5   |     8.0   |       1.5
Arkansas .......................|     7.2   |     6.2   |      -1.0
California .....................|    11.1   |     9.3   |      -1.8
Connecticut ....................|     7.7   |     6.1   |      -1.6
Delaware .......................|     8.3   |     5.6   |      -2.7
District of Columbia ...........|     9.0   |     8.2   |       -.8
Florida ........................|     7.2   |     6.5   |       -.7
Georgia ........................|     6.3   |     4.5   |      -1.8
                                |           |           |          
Hawaii .........................|    15.0   |    14.3   |       -.7
Idaho ..........................|     6.1   |     5.5   |       -.6
Illinois .......................|    10.4   |     6.8   |      -3.6
Indiana ........................|     6.3   |     5.0   |      -1.3
Iowa ...........................|     4.8   |     3.6   |      -1.2
Kansas .........................|     5.9   |     5.3   |       -.6
Kentucky .......................|     5.6   |     7.4   |       1.8
Louisiana ......................|     8.0   |     9.4   |       1.4
Maine ..........................|     6.1   |     5.4   |       -.7
Massachusetts ..................|     9.8   |     7.4   |      -2.4
                                |           |           |          
Michigan .......................|     8.6   |     5.5   |      -3.1
Minnesota ......................|     5.9   |     4.6   |      -1.3
Montana ........................|     5.4   |     4.9   |       -.5
Nebraska .......................|     3.6   |     3.0   |       -.6
Nevada .........................|    12.5   |    12.0   |       -.5
New Hampshire ..................|     5.8   |     4.2   |      -1.6
New Jersey .....................|     6.7   |     8.2   |       1.5
New Mexico .....................|     9.9   |     8.1   |      -1.8
North Carolina .................|     7.2   |     6.3   |       -.9
North Dakota ...................|     4.4   |     4.8   |        .4
                                |           |           |          
Ohio ...........................|     8.3   |     5.6   |      -2.7
Oklahoma .......................|     5.4   |     6.1   |        .7
Oregon .........................|     7.9   |     6.9   |      -1.0
Pennsylvania ...................|     8.3   |     7.3   |      -1.0
Rhode Island ...................|    10.5   |     7.0   |      -3.5
South Carolina .................|     5.2   |     4.2   |      -1.0
South Dakota ...................|     4.1   |     3.6   |       -.5
Tennessee ......................|     6.5   |     7.4   |        .9
Texas ..........................|     8.3   |     6.9   |      -1.4
Utah ...........................|     5.0   |     4.1   |       -.9
                                |           |           |          
Vermont ........................|     4.3   |     3.2   |      -1.1
Virginia .......................|     6.2   |     5.3   |       -.9
Washington .....................|     8.3   |     6.0   |      -2.3
West Virginia ..................|     8.6   |     6.4   |      -2.2
Wisconsin ......................|     5.4   |     5.7   |        .3
Wyoming ........................|     6.1   |     5.5   |       -.6
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from October 2019 to October 2020, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------|  Over-the-year
             State              |  October  |  October  |    change(p)
                                |    2019   |  2020(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ........................|     2.7   |     5.8   |       3.1
Arizona ........................|     4.5   |     8.0   |       3.5
Arkansas .......................|     3.5   |     6.2   |       2.7
California .....................|     3.9   |     9.3   |       5.4
Colorado .......................|     2.5   |     6.4   |       3.9
Connecticut ....................|     3.8   |     6.1   |       2.3
Delaware .......................|     4.0   |     5.6   |       1.6
District of Columbia ...........|     5.3   |     8.2   |       2.9
Florida ........................|     2.9   |     6.5   |       3.6
Georgia ........................|     3.2   |     4.5   |       1.3
                                |           |           |          
Hawaii .........................|     2.7   |    14.3   |      11.6
Idaho ..........................|     2.9   |     5.5   |       2.6
Illinois .......................|     3.7   |     6.8   |       3.1
Indiana ........................|     3.2   |     5.0   |       1.8
Iowa ...........................|     2.8   |     3.6   |        .8
Kansas .........................|     3.1   |     5.3   |       2.2
Kentucky .......................|     4.3   |     7.4   |       3.1
Louisiana ......................|     5.2   |     9.4   |       4.2
Maine ..........................|     3.0   |     5.4   |       2.4
Maryland .......................|     3.4   |     7.8   |       4.4
                                |           |           |          
Massachusetts ..................|     2.8   |     7.4   |       4.6
Michigan .......................|     3.9   |     5.5   |       1.6
Minnesota ......................|     3.3   |     4.6   |       1.3
Mississippi ....................|     5.6   |     7.4   |       1.8
Missouri .......................|     3.4   |     4.6   |       1.2
Montana ........................|     3.5   |     4.9   |       1.4
Nevada .........................|     3.7   |    12.0   |       8.3
New Hampshire ..................|     2.6   |     4.2   |       1.6
New Jersey .....................|     3.7   |     8.2   |       4.5
New Mexico .....................|     4.8   |     8.1   |       3.3
                                |           |           |          
New York .......................|     3.9   |     9.6   |       5.7
North Carolina .................|     3.7   |     6.3   |       2.6
North Dakota ...................|     2.4   |     4.8   |       2.4
Ohio ...........................|     4.1   |     5.6   |       1.5
Oklahoma .......................|     3.4   |     6.1   |       2.7
Oregon .........................|     3.4   |     6.9   |       3.5
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.6   |     7.3   |       2.7
Rhode Island ...................|     3.5   |     7.0   |       3.5
South Carolina .................|     2.4   |     4.2   |       1.8
Tennessee ......................|     3.3   |     7.4   |       4.1
                                |           |           |          
Texas ..........................|     3.5   |     6.9   |       3.4
Utah ...........................|     2.4   |     4.1   |       1.7
Vermont ........................|     2.4   |     3.2   |        .8
Virginia .......................|     2.7   |     5.3   |       2.6
Washington .....................|     4.0   |     6.0   |       2.0
West Virginia ..................|     5.1   |     6.4   |       1.3
Wisconsin ......................|     3.5   |     5.7   |       2.2
Wyoming ........................|     3.7   |     5.5   |       1.8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from
September 2020 to October 2020, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             | Over-the-month change(p)
           State              |  September  |   October   |---------------------------
                              |    2020     |   2020(p)   |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ......................|   2,006,400 |   2,027,100 |      20,700 |      1.0
Alaska .......................|     300,700 |     309,300 |       8,600 |      2.9
Arizona ......................|   2,864,600 |   2,885,700 |      21,100 |       .7
Arkansas .....................|   1,226,200 |   1,235,900 |       9,700 |       .8
California ...................|  15,988,700 |  16,134,200 |     145,500 |       .9
Colorado .....................|   2,667,000 |   2,688,100 |      21,100 |       .8
Connecticut ..................|   1,586,100 |   1,600,200 |      14,100 |       .9
Delaware .....................|     426,900 |     430,100 |       3,200 |       .7
Florida ......................|   8,541,600 |   8,593,200 |      51,600 |       .6
Georgia ......................|   4,468,500 |   4,493,500 |      25,000 |       .6
                              |             |             |             |       
Hawaii .......................|     532,100 |     542,600 |      10,500 |      2.0
Idaho ........................|     757,800 |     763,200 |       5,400 |       .7
Indiana ......................|   3,038,400 |   3,056,400 |      18,000 |       .6
Iowa .........................|   1,502,200 |   1,512,800 |      10,600 |       .7
Kansas .......................|   1,361,700 |   1,368,900 |       7,200 |       .5
Kentucky .....................|   1,827,300 |   1,838,200 |      10,900 |       .6
Louisiana ....................|   1,855,700 |   1,877,200 |      21,500 |      1.2
Maryland .....................|   2,604,900 |   2,615,100 |      10,200 |       .4
Massachusetts ................|   3,341,500 |   3,352,900 |      11,400 |       .3
Michigan .....................|   4,017,500 |   4,033,400 |      15,900 |       .4
                              |             |             |             |       
Minnesota ....................|   2,780,200 |   2,793,400 |      13,200 |       .5
Nebraska .....................|     999,700 |   1,004,200 |       4,500 |       .5
New Hampshire ................|     631,600 |     627,900 |      -3,700 |      -.6
North Carolina ...............|   4,320,000 |   4,346,400 |      26,400 |       .6
Ohio .........................|   5,191,500 |   5,222,300 |      30,800 |       .6
Oregon .......................|   1,816,000 |   1,830,200 |      14,200 |       .8
Pennsylvania .................|   5,603,300 |   5,622,100 |      18,800 |       .3
South Carolina ...............|   2,113,100 |   2,124,800 |      11,700 |       .6
Tennessee ....................|   3,002,500 |   3,027,100 |      24,600 |       .8
Texas ........................|  12,272,600 |  12,390,700 |     118,100 |      1.0
                              |             |             |             |       
Utah .........................|   1,557,400 |   1,565,900 |       8,500 |       .5
Virginia .....................|   3,864,800 |   3,898,800 |      34,000 |       .9
Wisconsin ....................|   2,782,400 |   2,767,700 |     -14,700 |      -.5
Wyoming ......................|     272,500 |     275,900 |       3,400 |      1.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from
October 2019 to October 2020, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             | Over-the-year change(p)
           State              |   October   |   October   |---------------------------
                              |     2019    |   2020(p)   |    Level    |    Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ......................|   2,076,200 |   2,027,100 |     -49,100 |     -2.4
Alaska .......................|     330,400 |     309,300 |     -21,100 |     -6.4
Arizona ......................|   2,958,900 |   2,885,700 |     -73,200 |     -2.5
Arkansas .....................|   1,277,600 |   1,235,900 |     -41,700 |     -3.3
California ...................|  17,503,600 |  16,134,200 |  -1,369,400 |     -7.8
Colorado .....................|   2,799,700 |   2,688,100 |    -111,600 |     -4.0
Connecticut ..................|   1,690,000 |   1,600,200 |     -89,800 |     -5.3
Delaware .....................|     466,500 |     430,100 |     -36,400 |     -7.8
District of Columbia .........|     800,600 |     749,300 |     -51,300 |     -6.4
Florida ......................|   9,000,800 |   8,593,200 |    -407,600 |     -4.5
                              |             |             |             |       
Georgia ......................|   4,630,100 |   4,493,500 |    -136,600 |     -3.0
Hawaii .......................|     656,300 |     542,600 |    -113,700 |    -17.3
Illinois .....................|   6,116,300 |   5,704,500 |    -411,800 |     -6.7
Indiana ......................|   3,157,600 |   3,056,400 |    -101,200 |     -3.2
Iowa .........................|   1,587,900 |   1,512,800 |     -75,100 |     -4.7
Kansas .......................|   1,421,900 |   1,368,900 |     -53,000 |     -3.7
Kentucky .....................|   1,945,300 |   1,838,200 |    -107,100 |     -5.5
Louisiana ....................|   1,983,000 |   1,877,200 |    -105,800 |     -5.3
Maine ........................|     638,200 |     589,200 |     -49,000 |     -7.7
Maryland .....................|   2,765,300 |   2,615,100 |    -150,200 |     -5.4
                              |             |             |             |       
Massachusetts ................|   3,693,100 |   3,352,900 |    -340,200 |     -9.2
Michigan .....................|   4,414,600 |   4,033,400 |    -381,200 |     -8.6
Minnesota ....................|   2,981,600 |   2,793,400 |    -188,200 |     -6.3
Mississippi ..................|   1,160,500 |   1,131,700 |     -28,800 |     -2.5
Missouri .....................|   2,905,000 |   2,783,200 |    -121,800 |     -4.2
Montana ......................|     484,600 |     470,200 |     -14,400 |     -3.0
Nebraska .....................|   1,030,100 |   1,004,200 |     -25,900 |     -2.5
Nevada .......................|   1,422,500 |   1,305,300 |    -117,200 |     -8.2
New Hampshire ................|     684,300 |     627,900 |     -56,400 |     -8.2
New Jersey ...................|   4,211,500 |   3,886,900 |    -324,600 |     -7.7
                              |             |             |             |       
New Mexico ...................|     860,500 |     804,200 |     -56,300 |     -6.5
New York .....................|   9,798,800 |   8,783,300 |  -1,015,500 |    -10.4
North Carolina ...............|   4,584,600 |   4,346,400 |    -238,200 |     -5.2
North Dakota .................|     438,600 |     410,400 |     -28,200 |     -6.4
Ohio .........................|   5,575,900 |   5,222,300 |    -353,600 |     -6.3
Oklahoma .....................|   1,707,200 |   1,624,100 |     -83,100 |     -4.9
Oregon .......................|   1,947,800 |   1,830,200 |    -117,600 |     -6.0
Pennsylvania .................|   6,078,000 |   5,622,100 |    -455,900 |     -7.5
Rhode Island .................|     504,700 |     468,400 |     -36,300 |     -7.2
South Carolina ...............|   2,202,500 |   2,124,800 |     -77,700 |     -3.5
                              |             |             |             |       
South Dakota .................|     442,500 |     428,400 |     -14,100 |     -3.2
Tennessee ....................|   3,135,900 |   3,027,100 |    -108,800 |     -3.5
Texas ........................|  12,889,900 |  12,390,700 |    -499,200 |     -3.9
Vermont ......................|     316,100 |     286,600 |     -29,500 |     -9.3
Virginia .....................|   4,063,600 |   3,898,800 |    -164,800 |     -4.1
Washington ...................|   3,483,900 |   3,293,300 |    -190,600 |     -5.5
West Virginia ................|     717,900 |     670,900 |     -47,000 |     -6.5
Wisconsin ....................|   2,972,700 |   2,767,700 |    -205,000 |     -6.9
Wyoming ......................|     289,500 |     275,900 |     -13,600 |     -4.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.

Technical Note

  
   Special technical note: This technical note describes the procedures regularly 
   used on a monthly basis to develop estimates from the CES survey and the LAUS 
   program. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in this
   technical note have been modified. The modifications are briefly described in 
   the box note of this news release. More information on the changes to the CES
   business birth-death model is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbd.htm.
   
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data for states
   and selected substate areas from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)
   program (tables 1 and 2). Also presented are nonfarm payroll employment estimates
   by state and industry supersector from the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
   program (tables 3 and 4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
   endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the same
   concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates obtained
   from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is
   conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau.
   The LAUS program measures employed people and unemployed people on a place-of-
   residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional population
   16 years of age and older. Employed people are those who did any work at all for
   pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including the 12th of the
   month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus
   those not working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether
   or not paid, for such reasons as bad weather, labor-management dispute, illness,
   or vacation. 
     
   Unemployed people are those who were not employed during the reference week
   (based on the definition above), had actively looked for a job sometime in the
   4-week period ending with the reference week, and were currently available for
   work; people on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted 
   as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed people.
   The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
   force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District of Columbia, the Los
   Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances
   of California and New York State are produced using time-series models. This method,
   which underwent substantial enhancement at the beginning of 2015, utilizes data from
   several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) 
   programs. Estimates for the state of California are derived by summing the estimates
   for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the balance of
   California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are derived by summing the estimates
   for New York City and the balance of New York State. Estimates for the five additional
   substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria and Detroit-Warren-
   Dearborn metropolitan areas and the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-
   Miami Beach-Kendall, and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) and their
   respective balances of state are produced using a similar model-based approach.
    
   Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are modeled using inputs
   from the CPS only and controlled to the national totals. State estimates then are
   controlled to their respective census division totals. Substate and balance-of-state
   estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to their respective state
   totals. This tiered process of controlling model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is 
   called real-time benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly
   household survey similar to the CPS. A more detailed description of the estimation
   procedures is available from BLS upon request.
   
   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect
   adjustments made after the end of each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated
   population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other data sources,
   and model re-estimation. In most years, historical data for the most recent five years
   are revised near the beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January
   estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of times-series models in early
   2015, historical data were re-estimated back to the series beginnings in 1976, 1990,
   or 1994.

   Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the estimates of employed and unemployed 
   people into trend, seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals of 
   employed and unemployed people first are adjusted using an X-11 type of seasonal 
   adjustment filter. The adjusted data then are smoothed using a Reproducing Kernel 
   Hilbert Space (RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of employed and 
   unemployed people are summed to derive the civilian labor force, and the unemployment 
   rate then is calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. The 
   resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted unemployment rate estimates are analyzed in this 
   news release and published on the BLS website.  

   During estimation for the current year, the smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates
   for a given month are created using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information
   from previous observations only. For annual revisions, historical data are smoothed
   using a two-sided filter.
   
   Area definitions. The substate area data published in this release reflect the
   delineations that were issued by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10,
   2018. A detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at
   www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment--from the CES program

   Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive
   pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are
   counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing
   on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on
   the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North 
   American Industry Classification System. 

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several
   estimation procedures. Where possible these data are produced using a "weighted link
   relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month weighted employment
   to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed from a sample of
   establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current 
   month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month's employment
   estimates. The weighted link relative technique is utilized for data series where
   the sample size meets certain statistical criteria. 

   For some employment series, the sample of establishments is very small or highly
   variable. In these cases, a model-based approach is used in estimation. These models
   use the direct sample estimates (described above), combined with forecasts of
   historical (benchmarked) data to decrease volatility in estimation. Two different 
   models (Fay-Herriot Model and Small Domain Model) are used depending on the industry
   level being estimated.For more detailed information about each model, refer to
   the BLS Handbook of Methods.
    
   Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count
   of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports that are submitted
   by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The
   benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new
   benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment
   for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the
   level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month
   changes in the level for the subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark
   revisions is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/benchmark.pdf.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted at the
   statewide expanded supersector level. In some cases, the seasonally adjusted
   payroll employment total is computed by aggregating the independently adjusted
   supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment
   total is independently adjusted. Revisions to historical data for the most recent
   five years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.
     
   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available 
   estimates including those for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal
   factors. Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for the current 
   month's preliminary estimate as well as the previous month's final estimate in order
   to incorporate real-time estimates.

   Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to
   produce accurate data for each individual state. BLS independently develops a
   national employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to national
   totals. Because each state series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling
   errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual state-level 
   errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to
   these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment
   series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large
   and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

   The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative
   data, and modeling and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors.
   Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs
   by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey
   data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced
   into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived
   from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific
   estimation processes used.

   Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment rates and state nonfarm payroll
   employment are cited in the analysis of this release only if they have been determined
   to be statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level. Furthermore, state
   unemployment rates for the current month generally are cited only if they have been
   determined to be significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 90-percent confidence
   level. The underlying model-based standard error measures for unemployment rates
   and over-the-month and over-the-year changes in rates are available at
   www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. The underlying standard error measures for over-the-month
   and over-the-year changes in state payroll employment data at the total nonfarm and
   supersector levels are available at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of 
   nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

   Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the LAUS program, as well
   as nonfarm payroll employment from the CES program, for metropolitan areas and
   metropolitan divisions are available in the news release Metropolitan Area Employment
   and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force, employed people, unemployed
   people, and unemployment rates for approximately 7,500 subnational areas are
   available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program for
   states and metropolitan areas are available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. Information
   in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.
   Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
   
   
   

LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area	Civilian labor force				Unemployed
	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)	Number				Percent of labor force
					Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)
Alabama	2,247,981	2,264,223	2,272,635	2,251,834	61,210	125,855	153,338	130,329	2.7	5.6	6.7	5.8
Alaska	346,910	329,089	333,751	353,649	21,292	24,217	23,963	20,744	6.1	7.4	7.2	5.9
Arizona	3,595,710	3,414,564	3,576,010	3,587,330	163,317	202,487	233,671	288,538	4.5	5.9	6.5	8.0
Arkansas	1,364,178	1,343,186	1,344,120	1,331,750	48,278	99,517	97,320	83,203	3.5	7.4	7.2	6.2
California	19,485,335	18,657,538	18,668,686	19,277,819	753,978	2,086,688	2,065,840	1,786,461	3.9	11.2	11.1	9.3
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)	5,150,928	4,935,823	4,942,500	5,075,620	221,872	807,501	765,523	622,079	4.3	16.4	15.5	12.3
Colorado	3,175,067	3,087,775	3,121,150	3,138,736	80,241	205,774	199,830	201,577	2.5	6.7	6.4	6.4
Connecticut	1,926,753	1,866,403	1,898,596	1,852,413	72,458	150,815	146,371	113,847	3.8	8.1	7.7	6.1
Delaware	488,997	500,871	487,778	479,174	19,465	44,718	40,653	27,025	4.0	8.9	8.3	5.6
District of Columbia	411,867	397,554	399,638	398,053	21,769	34,137	36,024	32,759	5.3	8.6	9.0	8.2
Florida	10,423,379	10,144,626	10,123,478	10,109,447	297,948	742,688	731,394	659,265	2.9	7.3	7.2	6.5
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)	1,391,613	1,359,250	1,397,541	1,340,617	27,905	102,133	174,154	118,981	2.0	7.5	12.5	8.9
Georgia	5,138,363	4,926,114	4,946,197	5,091,317	161,890	282,138	313,535	231,453	3.2	5.7	6.3	4.5
Hawaii	666,583	639,549	613,970	642,578	17,735	82,822	92,039	91,697	2.7	13.0	15.0	14.3
Idaho	888,897	896,515	919,040	914,195	25,422	37,497	56,144	50,278	2.9	4.2	6.1	5.5
Illinois	6,435,480	6,316,526	6,345,115	6,237,585	236,208	695,027	660,816	425,916	3.7	11.0	10.4	6.8
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)	3,711,520	3,609,608	3,661,959	3,516,926	122,755	448,785	440,906	281,729	3.3	12.4	12.0	8.0
Indiana	3,389,444	3,356,226	3,348,571	3,341,300	107,383	214,570	209,504	167,701	3.2	6.4	6.3	5.0
Iowa	1,754,370	1,624,524	1,637,890	1,632,850	49,307	101,735	78,746	58,512	2.8	6.3	4.8	3.6
Kansas	1,491,710	1,499,273	1,470,181	1,517,304	46,780	103,537	86,464	80,037	3.1	6.9	5.9	5.3
Kentucky	2,083,132	2,008,842	1,900,652	1,963,461	90,295	149,990	106,340	144,397	4.3	7.5	5.6	7.4
Louisiana	2,102,225	2,106,619	2,099,194	2,113,377	108,903	161,816	167,815	198,710	5.2	7.7	8.0	9.4
Maine	693,661	677,695	683,394	677,128	20,526	47,230	41,919	36,820	3.0	7.0	6.1	5.4
Maryland	3,273,101	3,243,971	3,085,846	3,153,141	112,443	228,298	234,289	246,423	3.4	7.0	7.6	7.8
Massachusetts	3,834,887	3,548,646	3,763,963	3,608,349	106,619	403,441	368,925	268,514	2.8	11.4	9.8	7.4
Michigan	4,941,513	4,914,058	4,840,824	4,860,135	190,527	425,223	414,850	266,403	3.9	8.7	8.6	5.5
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)	2,165,422	2,073,626	2,020,593	2,107,882	86,898	199,339	200,602	131,572	4.0	9.6	9.9	6.2
Minnesota	3,123,561	3,111,751	3,061,012	3,013,994	101,771	230,631	181,932	137,359	3.3	7.4	5.9	4.6
Mississippi	1,281,461	1,240,619	1,299,026	1,291,941	71,472	97,090	93,261	95,231	5.6	7.8	7.2	7.4
Missouri	3,104,105	3,080,741	3,001,999	2,985,632	105,657	214,396	143,812	137,729	3.4	7.0	4.8	4.6
Montana	535,978	533,234	534,990	536,114	18,757	30,984	28,856	26,253	3.5	5.8	5.4	4.9
Nebraska	1,038,333	1,038,528	1,034,631	1,029,640	31,242	41,438	37,495	30,876	3.0	4.0	3.6	3.0
Nevada	1,551,903	1,495,350	1,547,922	1,545,399	57,238	199,428	192,884	185,498	3.7	13.3	12.5	12.0
New Hampshire	776,809	738,253	740,032	728,032	19,938	48,923	42,584	30,309	2.6	6.6	5.8	4.2
New Jersey	4,536,222	4,578,368	4,325,103	4,414,092	167,107	509,969	289,756	362,942	3.7	11.1	6.7	8.2
New Mexico	960,159	896,708	953,957	925,167	45,627	101,957	94,402	74,792	4.8	11.4	9.9	8.1
New York	9,527,899	9,496,930	9,158,406	9,086,003	371,247	1,186,672	886,306	868,780	3.9	12.5	9.7	9.6
New York City	4,059,691	3,992,492	3,847,114	3,818,770	147,688	638,767	535,963	504,265	3.6	16.0	13.9	13.2
North Carolina	5,104,706	4,832,024	4,896,048	4,934,260	186,472	312,674	351,834	310,292	3.7	6.5	7.2	6.3
North Dakota	404,014	397,335	396,672	400,141	9,696	20,053	17,310	19,031	2.4	5.0	4.4	4.8
Ohio	5,814,465	5,763,731	5,659,390	5,807,868	238,144	510,169	468,690	323,632	4.1	8.9	8.3	5.6
Cleveland-Elyria(2)	1,042,766	1,016,048	922,930	1,014,664	41,216	107,026	96,557	66,455	4.0	10.5	10.5	6.5
Oklahoma	1,846,046	1,833,445	1,885,351	1,871,865	62,204	104,722	101,862	114,419	3.4	5.7	5.4	6.1
Oregon	2,103,183	2,072,012	2,031,486	2,139,410	71,353	176,645	159,503	147,382	3.4	8.5	7.9	6.9
Pennsylvania	6,539,128	6,312,511	6,438,911	6,363,704	303,396	659,066	536,340	464,549	4.6	10.4	8.3	7.3
Rhode Island	556,922	540,376	559,740	541,314	19,313	69,524	58,642	37,802	3.5	12.9	10.5	7.0
South Carolina	2,383,056	2,421,059	2,383,641	2,386,684	56,244	154,809	125,120	100,333	2.4	6.4	5.2	4.2
South Dakota	465,907	460,534	464,422	462,681	15,800	22,231	18,981	16,873	3.4	4.8	4.1	3.6
Tennessee	3,366,977	3,401,133	3,318,806	3,339,126	111,417	291,549	216,073	248,337	3.3	8.6	6.5	7.4
Texas	14,160,862	14,386,708	14,219,504	14,090,912	497,108	981,437	1,173,813	979,099	3.5	6.8	8.3	6.9
Utah	1,622,472	1,625,568	1,670,923	1,643,726	39,432	66,344	83,680	67,186	2.4	4.1	5.0	4.1
Vermont	340,685	324,286	322,951	320,724	8,263	15,439	13,835	10,180	2.4	4.8	4.3	3.2
Virginia	4,444,122	4,351,449	4,292,284	4,276,695	118,459	266,411	267,683	227,229	2.7	6.1	6.2	5.3
Washington	3,946,416	3,957,192	3,928,267	3,989,038	158,912	333,649	325,959	238,617	4.0	8.4	8.3	6.0
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)	1,742,724	1,728,291	1,714,866	1,702,047	46,374	126,436	117,920	81,953	2.7	7.3	6.9	4.8
West Virginia	803,070	773,693	774,072	764,121	40,685	69,236	66,881	48,794	5.1	8.9	8.6	6.4
Wisconsin	3,108,148	3,054,862	3,144,354	3,133,186	107,563	192,280	169,493	179,425	3.5	6.3	5.4	5.7
Wyoming	292,785	292,304	294,249	295,341	10,885	19,195	17,850	16,284	3.7	6.6	6.1	5.5
Puerto Rico	1,066,792	1,037,830	1,041,260	1,040,462	88,536	86,123	87,465	85,905	8.3	8.3	8.4	8.3
Footnotes (1) Metropolitan division. (2) Metropolitan statistical area. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.

LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area	Civilian labor force				Unemployed
	September		October		Number				Percent of labor force
	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)	September		October		September		October
					2019	2020	2019	2020(p)	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)
Alabama	2,237,761	2,266,350	2,252,789	2,256,997	57,536	147,185	57,113	123,584	2.6	6.5	2.5	5.5
Alaska	348,825	334,515	344,605	351,548	19,306	21,580	19,701	19,030	5.5	6.5	5.7	5.4
Arizona	3,591,467	3,587,391	3,601,094	3,594,564	165,431	236,960	161,137	284,601	4.6	6.6	4.5	7.9
Arkansas	1,364,706	1,344,851	1,367,199	1,331,562	45,467	93,700	42,231	76,007	3.3	7.0	3.1	5.7
California	19,505,846	18,730,849	19,538,254	19,341,630	704,291	2,005,969	725,895	1,736,288	3.6	10.7	3.7	9.0
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)	5,152,447	4,962,393	5,157,853	5,089,807	222,671	760,094	221,664	613,399	4.3	15.3	4.3	12.1
Colorado	3,178,923	3,135,918	3,183,835	3,151,175	75,467	192,920	75,314	194,309	2.4	6.2	2.4	6.2
Connecticut	1,913,111	1,892,440	1,925,483	1,856,084	66,569	142,318	66,634	108,532	3.5	7.5	3.5	5.8
Delaware	484,356	484,737	487,774	478,936	18,909	40,387	18,749	26,334	3.9	8.3	3.8	5.5
District of Columbia	407,988	396,021	409,726	395,863	21,886	36,262	21,517	32,473	5.4	9.2	5.3	8.2
Florida	10,438,897	10,166,280	10,458,221	10,153,913	304,238	735,744	295,902	652,787	2.9	7.2	2.8	6.4
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)	1,384,761	1,396,663	1,399,889	1,342,819	31,696	176,388	28,349	118,718	2.3	12.6	2.0	8.8
Georgia	5,119,873	4,938,515	5,140,986	5,093,669	156,100	306,054	159,171	228,654	3.0	6.2	3.1	4.5
Hawaii	662,543	610,217	663,747	639,195	18,842	92,450	17,540	90,903	2.8	15.2	2.6	14.2
Idaho	886,206	919,116	888,851	915,311	20,685	51,637	20,787	45,983	2.3	5.6	2.3	5.0
Illinois	6,426,636	6,334,468	6,443,336	6,255,869	222,928	634,628	224,741	407,255	3.5	10.0	3.5	6.5
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)	3,697,145	3,647,470	3,705,055	3,517,151	117,332	427,981	119,267	274,153	3.2	11.7	3.2	7.8
Indiana	3,374,034	3,343,358	3,392,188	3,353,337	95,125	195,513	102,208	160,712	2.8	5.8	3.0	4.8
Iowa	1,748,279	1,632,950	1,759,289	1,638,478	41,466	71,212	40,745	49,084	2.4	4.4	2.3	3.0
Kansas	1,484,776	1,467,274	1,493,923	1,519,494	40,121	81,479	42,395	74,643	2.7	5.6	2.8	4.9
Kentucky	2,073,191	1,894,665	2,075,032	1,955,722	79,648	98,849	79,834	135,622	3.8	5.2	3.8	6.9
Louisiana	2,096,725	2,097,096	2,108,448	2,118,292	104,342	169,723	105,844	197,250	5.0	8.1	5.0	9.3
Maine	692,599	682,807	695,929	679,139	16,025	37,161	16,749	32,295	2.3	5.4	2.4	4.8
Maryland	3,264,649	3,079,451	3,278,073	3,157,253	106,899	225,825	108,418	241,545	3.3	7.3	3.3	7.7
Massachusetts	3,798,668	3,752,660	3,819,962	3,610,723	101,529	362,323	90,037	250,244	2.7	9.7	2.4	6.9
Michigan	4,930,761	4,833,677	4,943,286	4,868,808	173,033	396,905	173,524	247,431	3.5	8.2	3.5	5.1
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)	2,177,102	2,035,649	2,180,195	2,124,283	86,349	200,965	87,008	132,837	4.0	9.9	4.0	6.3
Minnesota	3,110,208	3,055,645	3,125,946	3,017,864	80,560	163,943	81,756	117,689	2.6	5.4	2.6	3.9
Mississippi	1,276,039	1,297,658	1,276,407	1,289,654	68,196	90,055	65,083	90,150	5.3	6.9	5.1	7.0
Missouri	3,083,575	2,994,695	3,103,578	2,980,680	82,035	127,577	86,305	114,425	2.7	4.3	2.8	3.8
Montana	534,592	533,013	535,076	533,821	15,869	24,499	16,905	22,296	3.0	4.6	3.2	4.2
Nebraska	1,029,469	1,026,784	1,038,851	1,029,141	28,495	34,586	29,226	27,876	2.8	3.4	2.8	2.7
Nevada	1,552,411	1,550,430	1,555,164	1,548,358	57,740	192,954	55,450	182,494	3.7	12.4	3.6	11.8
New Hampshire	772,689	736,395	773,369	724,578	17,831	40,491	16,995	27,260	2.3	5.5	2.2	3.8
New Jersey	4,496,207	4,291,718	4,533,349	4,404,759	152,067	276,969	154,959	345,181	3.4	6.5	3.4	7.8
New Mexico	955,891	952,541	963,427	929,046	44,186	93,936	44,673	73,809	4.6	9.9	4.6	7.9
New York	9,504,828	9,128,601	9,543,205	9,072,437	342,694	849,479	354,358	834,025	3.6	9.3	3.7	9.2
New York City	4,054,999	3,838,401	4,072,942	3,826,002	142,400	529,290	150,928	501,818	3.5	13.8	3.7	13.1
North Carolina	5,094,495	4,896,385	5,123,098	4,958,027	174,618	339,862	180,081	302,413	3.4	6.9	3.5	6.1
North Dakota	403,896	396,704	403,653	399,873	7,434	15,129	6,535	15,922	1.8	3.8	1.6	4.0
Ohio	5,805,781	5,643,557	5,828,726	5,815,536	225,181	448,813	220,052	299,998	3.9	8.0	3.8	5.2
Cleveland-Elyria(2)	1,045,516	925,332	1,039,084	1,012,137	38,501	92,369	34,760	58,860	3.7	10.0	3.3	5.8
Oklahoma	1,844,419	1,885,410	1,854,653	1,880,047	57,872	99,532	62,648	115,470	3.1	5.3	3.4	6.1
Oregon	2,109,356	2,038,215	2,109,185	2,145,460	64,940	149,864	63,668	137,452	3.1	7.4	3.0	6.4
Pennsylvania	6,506,111	6,419,715	6,545,629	6,357,371	271,125	502,581	289,032	436,208	4.2	7.8	4.4	6.9
Rhode Island	556,320	561,092	557,600	542,409	17,493	56,963	16,402	35,151	3.1	10.2	2.9	6.5
South Carolina	2,366,932	2,372,326	2,384,080	2,386,076	47,844	116,197	56,883	97,321	2.0	4.9	2.4	4.1
South Dakota	463,200	462,748	466,961	463,636	14,012	17,379	14,240	15,362	3.0	3.8	3.0	3.3
Tennessee	3,351,337	3,303,274	3,369,212	3,332,952	105,792	210,097	108,485	240,834	3.2	6.4	3.2	7.2
Texas	14,111,297	14,198,955	14,161,315	14,094,292	482,829	1,163,781	474,329	950,292	3.4	8.2	3.3	6.7
Utah	1,615,873	1,669,478	1,623,876	1,645,673	34,864	78,973	34,061	61,597	2.2	4.7	2.1	3.7
Vermont	338,959	320,494	339,366	319,265	7,834	13,356	5,798	7,559	2.3	4.2	1.7	2.4
Virginia	4,420,479	4,273,950	4,440,231	4,272,772	114,346	262,055	111,836	218,161	2.6	6.1	2.5	5.1
Washington	3,937,562	3,935,164	3,950,939	4,004,506	144,349	308,164	143,866	222,624	3.7	7.8	3.6	5.6
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)	1,746,456	1,722,748	1,729,765	1,694,860	49,683	121,198	46,219	81,823	2.8	7.0	2.7	4.8
West Virginia	803,603	776,210	807,512	768,774	34,801	61,636	36,871	44,143	4.3	7.9	4.6	5.7
Wisconsin	3,096,038	3,130,746	3,104,233	3,122,618	88,493	144,668	86,937	153,490	2.9	4.6	2.8	4.9
Wyoming	293,770	295,023	293,310	295,987	9,663	16,375	9,855	14,930	3.3	5.6	3.4	5.0
Puerto Rico	1,066,859	1,048,264	1,067,044	1,030,440	87,618	97,905	95,954	86,924	8.2	9.3	9.0	8.4
Footnotes (1) Metropolitan division. (2) Metropolitan statistical area. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted [In thousands]

State	Total(1)				Construction				Manufacturing
	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)
Alabama	2,076.2	1,998.7	2,006.4	2,027.1	93.6	93.4	93.4	99.0	269.0	265.9	263.8	263.9
Alaska	330.4	297.0	300.7	309.3	16.3	14.5	14.9	16.4	12.8	9.3	9.2	9.6
Arizona	2,958.9	2,859.4	2,864.6	2,885.7	172.6	169.9	170.7	172.5	178.8	170.9	171.2	171.4
Arkansas	1,277.6	1,227.5	1,226.2	1,235.9	52.9	53.1	53.2	54.2	162.8	144.0	145.6	145.8
California	17,503.6	15,886.3	15,988.7	16,134.2	889.9	838.9	843.0	869.3	1,320.6	1,218.4	1,222.1	1,226.6
Colorado	2,799.7	2,651.8	2,667.0	2,688.1	178.6	172.8	171.1	173.6	149.9	151.2	152.3	152.1
Connecticut	1,690.0	1,568.1	1,586.1	1,600.2	60.1	57.6	57.4	57.1	161.8	154.4	155.9	156.3
Delaware(2)	466.5	426.7	426.9	430.1	22.9	21.3	21.4	21.1	27.2	25.0	25.0	25.0
District of Columbia(2)	800.6	746.5	750.3	749.3	14.8	15.0	15.0	15.1	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.2
Florida	9,000.8	8,485.2	8,541.6	8,593.2	572.6	560.9	559.2	562.1	388.6	374.0	378.3	382.7
Georgia	4,630.1	4,441.2	4,468.5	4,493.5	202.7	200.0	203.4	201.6	403.6	380.9	382.5	385.8
Hawaii(2)	656.3	545.6	532.1	542.6	37.5	37.0	37.0	36.6	13.8	11.2	11.0	11.0
Idaho	762.9	759.6	757.8	763.2	53.0	54.9	54.5	55.0	67.8	69.2	68.6	69.3
Illinois	6,116.3	5,714.8	5,705.6	5,704.5	225.2	212.2	210.1	214.3	579.7	559.5	555.5	554.4
Indiana	3,157.6	3,045.2	3,038.4	3,056.4	148.0	147.8	147.7	146.8	537.1	503.0	497.6	500.4
Iowa	1,587.9	1,492.2	1,502.2	1,512.8	78.1	69.1	66.7	71.4	226.6	218.2	220.9	221.7
Kansas	1,421.9	1,367.6	1,361.7	1,368.9	62.1	62.8	62.5	63.9	165.3	157.3	156.9	156.8
Kentucky	1,945.3	1,825.5	1,827.3	1,838.2	80.4	80.3	81.9	84.6	249.2	236.8	238.5	238.7
Louisiana	1,983.0	1,853.0	1,855.7	1,877.2	136.6	121.9	127.4	134.1	136.1	128.3	128.3	127.5
Maine	638.2	582.0	587.6	589.2	30.0	29.8	30.3	30.8	53.6	43.8	48.4	49.0
Maryland	2,765.3	2,585.5	2,604.9	2,615.1	166.3	169.7	170.5	167.9	114.1	105.9	107.3	107.4
Massachusetts	3,693.1	3,305.1	3,341.5	3,352.9	161.9	141.9	144.1	146.1	243.6	230.8	232.9	234.8
Michigan	4,414.6	3,994.7	4,017.5	4,033.4	176.7	171.8	175.3	174.8	607.9	561.6	566.2	564.7
Minnesota	2,981.6	2,764.2	2,780.2	2,793.4	131.3	120.1	122.0	123.7	324.8	305.1	308.0	310.4
Mississippi	1,160.5	1,124.4	1,128.2	1,131.7	44.3	41.6	41.6	42.3	147.6	143.9	145.6	144.8
Missouri	2,905.0	2,771.5	2,776.8	2,783.2	126.1	129.9	132.4	135.7	275.6	267.3	268.5	262.8
Montana	484.6	464.6	469.0	470.2	30.3	30.5	30.7	30.5	20.5	19.3	19.5	19.4
Nebraska	1,030.1	992.4	999.7	1,004.2	54.8	53.1	52.8	53.2	99.6	97.0	97.6	97.7
Nevada	1,422.5	1,293.5	1,301.7	1,305.3	97.7	93.6	93.4	95.7	59.2	57.2	57.4	57.8
New Hampshire	684.3	630.5	631.6	627.9	28.5	26.6	27.4	27.3	70.8	65.2	64.8	65.7
New Jersey	4,211.5	3,818.0	3,892.1	3,886.9	160.6	146.2	149.4	150.5	250.0	241.2	241.5	242.8
New Mexico	860.5	798.1	802.5	804.2	51.6	49.1	48.5	48.1	28.8	26.9	27.3	26.8
New York	9,798.8	8,601.0	8,772.8	8,783.3	401.5	360.5	367.2	369.4	435.1	397.2	395.2	395.7
North Carolina	4,584.6	4,268.1	4,320.0	4,346.4	231.7	220.0	221.5	223.2	478.9	437.3	438.1	441.0
North Dakota	438.6	408.3	409.7	410.4	28.6	25.8	25.9	25.7	26.6	24.6	24.5	24.2
Ohio	5,575.9	5,146.7	5,191.5	5,222.3	226.3	213.1	213.3	214.8	697.6	659.7	663.2	671.3
Oklahoma	1,707.2	1,622.0	1,623.0	1,624.1	82.5	75.5	75.5	76.1	139.6	128.0	126.3	126.5
Oregon	1,947.8	1,806.7	1,816.0	1,830.2	107.9	107.3	104.9	111.0	195.6	179.1	180.3	181.1
Pennsylvania	6,078.0	5,578.4	5,603.3	5,622.1	263.2	244.9	248.0	250.2	572.4	536.1	536.4	537.5
Rhode Island	504.7	465.9	466.7	468.4	19.9	18.3	18.7	19.1	39.5	38.7	38.7	38.8
South Carolina	2,202.5	2,094.9	2,113.1	2,124.8	108.5	109.3	110.1	111.3	258.3	255.8	257.3	257.7
South Dakota	442.5	423.2	429.6	428.4	23.8	26.5	26.7	26.7	44.1	41.8	41.9	42.3
Tennessee	3,135.9	2,989.0	3,002.5	3,027.1	130.8	126.1	126.7	126.3	349.9	324.1	327.0	330.2
Texas	12,889.9	12,224.5	12,272.6	12,390.7	784.4	741.5	746.1	755.5	904.2	868.1	875.6	883.5
Utah	1,574.9	1,539.6	1,557.4	1,565.9	112.9	119.1	117.0	117.0	136.3	135.3	136.1	137.6
Vermont	316.1	282.2	286.0	286.6	15.3	10.6	11.1	11.5	29.8	26.7	27.5	28.0
Virginia	4,063.6	3,847.9	3,864.8	3,898.8	203.8	207.8	207.6	210.7	239.8	225.7	228.4	229.5
Washington	3,483.9	3,278.0	3,287.3	3,293.3	222.9	213.3	218.1	223.2	292.3	268.3	266.6	266.0
West Virginia	717.9	674.2	669.9	670.9	34.8	32.1	32.2	33.3	46.6	46.4	46.3	46.8
Wisconsin	2,972.7	2,757.2	2,782.4	2,767.7	123.7	123.9	122.0	126.2	480.9	456.5	461.0	463.0
Wyoming	289.5	270.5	272.5	275.9	22.7	22.7	22.7	23.1	10.1	10.2	10.3	10.0
Puerto Rico	883.4	816.0	819.2	821.6	26.7	19.2	19.5	20.2	75.4	75.1	75.3	75.9
Virgin Islands(3)	37.7	36.2	35.8	35.8	4.0	3.7	3.5	3.5	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately. (2) Mining and logging is combined with construction. (3) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Trade, transportation, and utilities				Financial activities				Professional and business services
	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)
Alabama	382.5	388.6	385.9	386.5	96.7	96.0	96.3	96.5	249.9	238.2	246.2	253.1
Alaska	65.4	59.1	61.2	64.0	11.6	11.9	12.1	12.0	27.2	25.3	25.3	26.3
Arizona	544.3	553.3	558.0	561.2	233.2	231.9	231.5	231.8	446.5	419.2	422.7	430.4
Arkansas	252.7	257.9	259.4	263.3	62.6	60.5	60.4	60.8	145.5	145.9	143.8	146.6
California	3,056.4	2,845.0	2,872.8	2,895.5	847.5	838.9	838.6	845.7	2,733.9	2,573.4	2,588.3	2,624.1
Colorado	479.6	459.7	467.1	474.7	174.6	169.4	171.3	174.1	444.0	445.3	445.6	447.2
Connecticut	292.5	276.0	278.5	282.9	123.5	120.1	119.5	120.3	220.1	208.0	213.7	214.2
Delaware	80.8	76.6	77.4	79.2	47.6	46.2	46.0	45.7	63.3	58.4	57.9	58.1
District of Columbia	33.6	31.8	32.1	32.1	29.7	28.5	28.7	28.5	173.7	164.8	164.0	161.7
Florida	1,813.1	1,755.6	1,769.4	1,775.4	596.6	585.9	589.0	589.5	1,396.4	1,326.9	1,334.3	1,347.3
Georgia	948.5	952.2	953.4	957.9	250.7	246.3	248.1	250.5	716.0	683.7	691.1	696.8
Hawaii	122.7	105.4	102.5	105.7	29.9	27.9	28.0	28.5	74.5	66.3	63.9	64.7
Idaho	144.8	148.9	148.9	149.4	36.8	39.4	39.2	39.8	97.8	96.5	96.8	97.8
Illinois	1,201.7	1,153.9	1,160.6	1,162.7	412.9	402.9	403.7	404.6	940.7	874.5	862.1	875.9
Indiana	593.8	583.3	583.1	591.7	142.7	139.0	139.2	139.3	343.4	339.5	342.7	350.1
Iowa	309.8	299.1	301.5	304.5	109.7	107.5	108.0	109.4	139.3	130.8	130.6	132.3
Kansas	267.5	266.9	266.6	266.6	77.2	74.6	74.2	74.6	178.5	172.5	174.0	176.7
Kentucky	403.3	385.4	385.1	386.1	93.8	87.9	87.7	88.6	222.0	192.3	191.8	194.2
Louisiana	378.7	365.2	366.0	370.5	92.2	91.5	92.8	91.5	214.5	200.5	203.4	209.0
Maine	117.9	115.5	115.6	116.2	33.3	32.0	31.3	31.2	69.7	64.7	65.5	66.3
Maryland	473.4	442.6	448.3	451.7	143.6	140.5	141.8	142.1	463.5	437.4	439.9	442.1
Massachusetts	578.5	518.3	526.0	536.3	223.7	218.9	221.3	223.1	603.4	571.7	575.9	579.6
Michigan	797.3	756.1	760.5	766.3	226.4	220.7	221.5	222.3	648.9	592.6	596.0	602.1
Minnesota	528.3	516.5	517.4	522.0	191.5	186.0	187.0	187.3	381.4	368.3	373.9	370.8
Mississippi	230.6	229.7	230.8	232.0	44.2	42.6	43.0	43.5	106.9	104.8	105.2	105.6
Missouri	543.3	519.7	522.1	525.3	174.9	169.9	170.9	172.3	381.9	365.6	365.5	368.3
Montana	94.6	92.3	93.2	93.5	26.3	25.8	26.3	26.5	44.0	41.6	41.9	41.7
Nebraska	197.0	194.6	195.4	195.3	75.7	75.8	76.7	77.1	120.2	114.8	116.3	117.6
Nevada	263.2	237.9	244.0	245.1	69.8	69.2	68.1	68.3	196.3	170.6	175.5	177.0
New Hampshire	138.7	125.1	126.1	127.1	34.8	35.2	35.6	35.8	84.4	76.9	78.3	78.6
New Jersey	888.4	838.8	848.7	846.3	250.9	241.2	242.7	243.9	688.8	622.8	629.6	631.2
New Mexico	136.9	133.8	134.6	135.0	35.6	34.2	33.5	33.6	110.5	103.2	104.7	106.4
New York	1,548.8	1,358.4	1,372.4	1,385.1	729.2	688.4	692.7	688.3	1,388.4	1,214.3	1,225.6	1,238.4
North Carolina	846.5	824.8	833.8	836.6	257.0	254.2	256.5	259.4	646.3	624.6	628.4	640.5
North Dakota	92.8	87.9	88.3	88.5	24.7	24.5	24.4	24.4	33.0	31.4	31.4	31.3
Ohio	1,025.7	968.0	976.8	982.5	309.2	295.3	294.6	297.6	731.5	672.5	681.5	688.8
Oklahoma	303.7	294.7	293.4	293.7	79.0	79.0	79.2	79.8	194.8	179.0	180.6	178.1
Oregon	358.4	347.6	350.1	354.4	104.5	99.6	101.0	100.7	254.2	239.1	240.4	244.7
Pennsylvania	1,123.7	1,034.3	1,046.5	1,053.8	330.1	330.8	331.6	330.9	817.0	758.5	764.7	766.7
Rhode Island	77.2	71.5	71.9	73.3	35.3	35.7	35.6	35.4	68.8	61.3	62.1	63.5
South Carolina	410.4	397.7	399.7	397.3	105.3	103.2	103.9	105.4	299.5	290.2	295.2	295.1
South Dakota	86.1	82.4	83.3	83.6	29.1	29.1	29.2	29.6	33.8	33.3	33.7	34.0
Tennessee	643.6	637.8	637.0	638.9	173.3	174.3	174.9	175.0	429.7	408.2	408.4	422.0
Texas	2,529.9	2,439.7	2,438.7	2,458.0	805.5	807.5	807.9	813.6	1,810.1	1,776.5	1,782.6	1,827.8
Utah	292.2	295.9	298.1	302.4	90.8	92.1	93.8	93.8	225.6	217.5	219.9	220.9
Vermont	53.7	50.2	51.3	51.3	12.0	11.0	11.3	11.5	29.7	28.2	28.4	29.4
Virginia	657.4	643.9	645.5	653.9	211.4	207.3	211.7	210.3	767.9	734.9	742.4	750.0
Washington	647.5	638.8	638.9	646.0	162.4	160.3	161.0	160.6	438.2	438.5	441.8	446.8
West Virginia	127.4	120.3	119.6	119.6	28.9	27.9	27.5	27.1	70.0	64.1	63.5	64.3
Wisconsin	529.4	515.6	518.7	517.0	154.3	151.5	154.3	153.5	324.5	300.0	301.1	305.4
Wyoming	52.1	51.7	51.7	52.2	11.4	10.6	10.6	10.6	19.3	17.3	17.2	17.3
Puerto Rico	173.7	158.7	160.2	162.5	44.4	43.5	44.0	43.7	122.8	110.6	111.1	112.3
Virgin Islands(1)	6.8	6.3	6.2	6.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Education and health services				Leisure and hospitality				Government
	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)	Oct. 2019	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020(p)
Alabama	250.9	231.0	232.5	235.0	210.2	174.4	178.5	181.8	392.7	387.2	385.3	385.9
Alaska	51.4	47.6	48.0	48.7	37.0	24.0	25.3	28.3	79.2	78.9	77.7	77.2
Arizona	468.1	459.4	460.7	462.7	334.0	269.4	278.0	283.9	423.3	430.4	416.8	414.8
Arkansas	193.9	185.0	185.9	186.0	119.4	102.1	103.3	105.0	210.6	206.5	202.8	202.4
California	2,823.2	2,685.7	2,686.7	2,694.5	2,044.1	1,405.9	1,459.7	1,525.7	2,620.1	2,490.6	2,474.8	2,433.7
Colorado	349.0	337.7	338.3	339.6	346.9	282.7	291.6	297.4	458.1	434.0	428.0	427.1
Connecticut	341.0	321.2	325.2	325.5	158.0	121.0	128.5	132.1	236.8	223.2	220.9	223.8
Delaware	81.2	74.3	73.8	73.9	53.2	39.2	40.4	42.7	67.5	66.1	65.3	64.4
District of Columbia	128.7	122.8	119.5	119.0	81.7	44.3	50.8	52.4	238.7	243.0	244.0	244.6
Florida	1,352.2	1,324.7	1,327.0	1,326.6	1,260.1	1,017.3	1,032.0	1,061.6	1,127.0	1,084.7	1,097.5	1,088.0
Georgia	618.9	608.5	610.5	615.2	510.3	423.3	435.7	444.2	691.2	679.0	673.3	670.6
Hawaii	88.0	83.4	82.3	82.4	125.9	57.7	54.8	63.5	127.4	123.7	120.3	117.8
Idaho	110.7	107.3	107.2	107.6	83.6	78.3	80.1	84.0	128.9	127.8	125.1	123.5
Illinois	945.6	899.4	892.5	886.0	620.9	479.8	490.8	491.9	829.4	801.6	793.3	779.8
Indiana	483.2	465.3	464.3	464.7	312.3	293.5	292.3	295.9	428.3	417.6	416.3	411.0
Iowa	234.9	224.9	224.5	225.5	146.2	114.5	119.1	118.5	260.8	252.7	255.1	253.9
Kansas	203.3	195.9	196.8	195.6	131.3	113.1	113.9	116.5	260.1	253.6	247.1	248.4
Kentucky	284.8	275.2	276.0	275.1	202.8	181.6	187.1	190.7	311.7	295.4	288.4	288.9
Louisiana	321.8	300.5	297.2	299.7	239.5	194.7	195.7	203.7	332.3	331.6	326.8	323.2
Maine	130.4	120.1	120.0	119.5	69.8	48.6	51.2	52.6	101.7	98.7	96.3	94.0
Maryland	469.4	436.3	441.9	446.0	278.7	216.3	231.3	240.4	504.5	497.5	483.7	475.1
Massachusetts	814.7	749.3	756.9	752.5	377.0	231.7	245.6	245.5	457.4	446.5	435.7	431.5
Michigan	681.1	625.4	627.5	628.5	436.0	279.3	290.6	296.2	613.7	584.8	574.5	574.4
Minnesota	555.5	514.8	521.1	523.0	276.7	202.7	205.0	208.9	426.3	403.5	397.6	397.9
Mississippi	148.4	139.4	139.6	139.5	137.3	129.2	131.8	133.9	242.5	237.4	234.8	234.1
Missouri	487.5	464.3	466.9	468.5	310.4	255.8	255.9	254.8	437.4	436.6	430.3	428.1
Montana	79.0	77.3	76.7	77.2	65.8	56.8	58.0	60.2	90.9	90.7	92.6	91.0
Nebraska	157.7	157.0	158.7	160.7	96.1	79.6	80.5	83.1	173.6	168.6	169.4	167.1
Nevada	144.0	138.5	140.4	139.6	353.7	300.7	302.2	303.5	166.8	159.2	154.1	151.7
New Hampshire	124.8	122.1	119.1	118.5	72.3	52.3	56.2	55.5	90.3	88.0	84.3	81.0
New Jersey	723.1	660.4	666.1	668.6	397.1	270.9	293.8	299.5	607.5	578.1	597.5	579.5
New Mexico	142.5	138.0	135.3	135.1	98.5	71.9	75.4	77.7	190.1	188.0	188.3	186.6
New York	2,154.6	2,008.5	2,000.2	2,006.0	958.4	562.3	608.7	623.2	1,483.0	1,390.9	1,478.1	1,443.0
North Carolina	625.9	586.8	587.9	587.2	520.9	387.8	404.2	416.8	734.2	701.9	715.0	705.0
North Dakota	67.4	65.9	66.0	65.9	40.4	34.8	34.3	34.6	83.4	81.1	82.9	83.0
Ohio	941.1	902.2	906.4	907.9	566.6	424.6	436.7	442.8	785.4	733.2	736.3	733.5
Oklahoma	239.6	234.0	233.1	235.2	177.6	164.2	165.3	169.0	355.5	347.5	350.5	347.6
Oregon	302.4	290.8	292.4	294.3	215.5	158.0	160.1	164.4	301.5	287.2	287.0	279.6
Pennsylvania	1,304.6	1,235.0	1,231.5	1,237.3	579.1	414.2	430.9	436.9	708.4	699.6	687.0	681.6
Rhode Island	109.4	105.2	104.3	102.9	60.1	46.8	46.8	46.7	65.8	64.4	64.0	63.7
South Carolina	259.1	244.3	243.5	246.8	276.0	216.5	226.0	232.9	373.8	366.3	363.6	363.8
South Dakota	74.1	71.1	71.8	71.2	47.6	40.4	42.2	41.0	80.2	77.2	78.7	77.8
Tennessee	443.3	432.1	433.8	431.9	354.7	293.4	303.4	310.5	438.4	428.0	425.7	424.6
Texas	1,757.2	1,676.4	1,674.4	1,686.3	1,413.9	1,148.3	1,178.7	1,206.4	1,983.0	1,959.9	1,961.2	1,943.0
Utah	212.2	206.3	209.9	210.5	157.6	129.4	132.3	135.4	254.3	252.9	257.0	255.0
Vermont	65.5	62.7	62.2	60.6	37.7	21.4	24.1	25.0	57.0	57.0	55.8	54.8
Virginia	558.0	518.8	519.9	523.2	412.3	326.3	332.9	346.2	733.5	717.4	709.1	706.4
Washington	503.9	479.3	481.5	483.0	350.5	248.7	258.4	265.9	588.0	577.0	563.3	544.2
West Virginia	129.0	124.7	124.0	123.2	74.7	60.2	61.5	61.9	152.1	148.7	145.7	144.7
Wisconsin	466.1	444.5	439.6	435.2	284.1	208.0	216.7	209.7	406.9	381.5	390.8	378.8
Wyoming	28.4	28.5	28.5	28.9	36.6	29.8	31.2	34.6	68.7	68.0	67.6	66.9
Puerto Rico	122.0	113.9	112.1	112.0	81.0	57.9	59.7	61.8	202.1	204.6	204.5	200.3
Virgin Islands	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1	5.4	4.7	4.5	4.5	10.6	10.9	11.0	11.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted [In thousands]

State	Total				Mining and logging				Construction
	September		October		September		October		September		October
	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)
Alabama	2,073.8	2,008.7	2,085.7	2,034.2	10.2	9.8	10.1	9.7	95.1	94.5	95.2	99.8
Alaska	342.6	310.1	324.3	304.3	13.6	12.4	13.4	12.0	18.4	16.7	17.5	16.7
Arizona	2,953.4	2,865.4	2,982.3	2,908.5	13.6	13.1	13.6	13.2	173.2	170.8	173.7	173.2
Arkansas	1,279.2	1,232.4	1,286.5	1,243.9	6.0	5.1	5.9	5.1	53.6	54.6	54.4	55.6
California	17,438.7	15,973.0	17,593.6	16,237.8	23.0	22.1	23.0	22.0	905.2	861.1	901.5	885.4
Colorado	2,798.3	2,671.0	2,806.2	2,687.5	28.5	24.2	28.5	24.9	182.9	175.0	182.2	178.2
Connecticut	1,692.0	1,589.8	1,700.1	1,611.8	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	62.1	60.0	62.7	59.7
Delaware(1)	466.6	427.4	468.5	432.5	-	-	-	-	23.0	21.5	23.2	21.6
District of Columbia(1)	797.8	748.0	804.2	753.7	-	-	-	-	14.8	15.1	14.9	15.3
Florida	8,923.1	8,490.8	9,010.0	8,603.0	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.5	569.1	560.7	576.9	565.7
Georgia	4,619.8	4,463.8	4,651.0	4,521.0	9.3	8.9	9.3	8.9	204.7	203.8	204.1	202.8
Hawaii(1)	653.9	530.7	658.0	543.6	-	-	-	-	37.1	37.1	38.0	36.6
Idaho	768.8	763.8	768.1	771.6	4.0	4.2	4.0	4.2	55.4	56.7	54.6	56.9
Illinois	6,149.1	5,733.9	6,178.9	5,766.9	8.4	7.0	8.3	7.0	241.9	225.3	240.1	229.8
Indiana	3,184.1	3,057.9	3,186.6	3,089.4	6.1	5.4	6.1	5.4	150.6	151.0	153.2	151.2
Iowa	1,591.2	1,504.7	1,604.1	1,528.7	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.3	83.5	71.3	84.1	77.0
Kansas	1,427.2	1,365.8	1,435.8	1,384.6	6.8	6.0	6.9	6.1	64.5	64.6	63.6	65.8
Kentucky	1,949.0	1,835.1	1,954.3	1,854.7	9.6	7.5	9.2	7.5	83.3	84.9	82.8	86.7
Louisiana	1,981.1	1,853.4	1,994.7	1,882.7	36.6	28.7	36.9	28.1	138.2	127.8	139.2	132.4
Maine	648.6	598.1	645.6	597.6	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	31.3	32.1	31.5	32.3
Maryland	2,768.1	2,605.3	2,777.9	2,632.4	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.2	168.0	173.5	169.4	171.0
Massachusetts	3,701.9	3,355.7	3,728.1	3,386.8	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.9	168.4	150.3	168.0	152.3
Michigan	4,454.4	4,036.5	4,457.4	4,071.9	7.6	6.6	7.6	6.5	183.7	183.2	186.7	184.4
Minnesota	2,992.2	2,789.4	3,008.7	2,820.9	6.8	5.8	6.8	5.8	140.9	132.4	140.3	133.2
Mississippi	1,160.8	1,128.3	1,166.9	1,139.5	6.7	6.0	6.9	6.0	44.7	42.2	44.9	43.4
Missouri	2,914.3	2,786.9	2,927.5	2,808.1	4.5	4.2	4.5	4.2	130.3	137.3	130.5	140.8
Montana	489.8	474.8	488.3	475.1	7.7	7.2	7.7	7.0	31.8	33.2	32.8	33.6
Nebraska	1,029.8	1,001.8	1,036.5	1,010.5	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.0	56.1	54.4	56.3	54.6
Nevada	1,428.2	1,306.6	1,431.7	1,317.8	14.7	16.4	14.9	16.5	98.5	94.6	99.5	96.4
New Hampshire	686.5	633.3	690.6	634.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	29.1	28.4	29.3	28.3
New Jersey	4,201.0	3,886.8	4,230.1	3,910.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	164.8	154.2	165.6	153.2
New Mexico	862.6	805.9	865.2	810.5	25.9	18.9	25.9	18.4	51.0	48.6	52.4	49.1
New York	9,777.6	8,764.1	9,878.7	8,871.1	5.6	4.7	5.6	4.8	418.7	381.9	413.1	381.8
North Carolina	4,585.5	4,324.7	4,617.8	4,377.7	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.5	233.5	222.9	233.6	225.9
North Dakota	443.6	414.3	445.6	416.2	21.4	13.0	21.0	13.4	31.5	28.8	31.3	28.1
Ohio	5,601.2	5,207.9	5,617.7	5,265.8	11.9	10.0	11.9	10.1	237.6	223.6	236.1	224.3
Oklahoma	1,710.9	1,626.8	1,721.2	1,636.0	46.2	33.8	45.8	33.4	84.5	76.7	83.3	77.0
Oregon	1,945.3	1,817.6	1,960.9	1,842.5	7.0	6.1	7.0	6.9	112.4	108.6	110.8	112.6
Pennsylvania	6,092.0	5,620.7	6,132.1	5,679.5	28.3	24.6	28.7	23.7	272.2	257.7	271.7	258.6
Rhode Island	508.8	472.1	511.3	473.8	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	20.9	19.7	21.0	19.9
South Carolina	2,191.6	2,108.3	2,204.1	2,128.4	4.5	4.2	4.5	4.3	107.5	109.8	108.9	111.8
South Dakota	444.8	432.0	444.8	431.9	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	25.5	28.2	24.7	27.5
Tennessee	3,145.0	3,013.0	3,159.3	3,048.9	4.6	3.9	4.5	3.9	131.9	127.9	131.8	127.5
Texas	12,818.3	12,243.3	12,938.7	12,440.0	245.8	192.0	244.8	194.3	783.5	747.9	792.3	764.3
Utah	1,574.4	1,564.9	1,587.1	1,578.7	9.5	8.3	9.5	8.4	112.8	119.6	115.6	120.7
Vermont	316.6	286.0	319.7	289.4	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	16.3	12.4	16.6	12.3
Virginia	4,060.7	3,864.2	4,082.0	3,908.0	7.8	7.1	7.8	7.1	205.9	210.1	205.7	212.6
Washington	3,494.4	3,294.8	3,501.8	3,307.3	5.9	5.2	5.8	5.2	226.6	222.1	227.9	226.3
West Virginia	721.8	673.8	726.9	681.1	22.1	18.9	22.2	18.8	37.5	34.3	37.1	36.1
Wisconsin	2,978.6	2,787.2	2,999.9	2,794.7	4.3	3.7	4.2	3.7	130.9	129.3	129.6	132.0
Wyoming	295.5	277.6	290.6	277.7	20.6	14.9	20.5	14.7	24.2	24.1	23.9	24.5
Puerto Rico	880.9	815.1	883.9	819.4	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.4	26.6	19.7	26.7	20.2
Virgin Islands(1)	37.4	35.6	37.7	35.9	-	-	-	-	4.0	3.6	4.1	3.6
Footnotes (1) Mining and logging is combined with construction. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Manufacturing				Trade, transportation, and utilities				Information
	September		October		September		October		September		October
	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)
Alabama	268.0	264.2	269.1	263.6	380.9	383.5	384.1	386.9	20.6	19.3	20.7	19.4
Alaska	15.8	10.3	9.6	7.6	67.3	63.8	63.7	62.5	5.3	5.1	5.3	4.9
Arizona	178.5	171.2	178.5	171.6	538.5	553.6	544.8	561.8	48.5	45.3	49.1	45.4
Arkansas	161.5	145.7	162.9	146.7	251.1	258.2	252.5	262.0	11.1	10.7	11.3	10.7
California	1,332.0	1,234.1	1,323.5	1,228.5	3,039.2	2,863.2	3,063.4	2,904.1	569.4	519.7	569.6	526.3
Colorado	150.4	152.2	150.1	152.1	475.1	463.9	477.5	470.6	75.8	73.0	76.7	72.7
Connecticut	161.6	155.9	161.8	156.5	290.3	276.4	292.7	282.8	31.4	29.6	31.7	30.0
Delaware	27.2	25.0	27.3	25.1	80.1	77.2	80.3	79.1	3.9	3.4	3.9	3.4
District of Columbia	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.2	33.4	31.8	33.5	32.3	20.2	18.7	20.5	18.7
Florida	384.1	377.0	388.2	381.2	1,785.6	1,747.1	1,804.1	1,766.2	137.0	126.5	138.6	127.8
Georgia	407.8	382.9	403.7	386.2	938.1	946.0	946.4	960.0	116.3	105.5	116.9	107.1
Hawaii	14.0	11.1	13.9	11.2	122.8	102.4	122.6	105.0	8.7	7.6	8.5	7.5
Idaho	69.0	69.3	68.4	69.9	145.4	149.5	145.6	150.6	9.0	7.9	9.0	7.6
Illinois	582.5	555.8	580.3	554.4	1,198.8	1,154.4	1,206.7	1,167.9	94.5	88.0	96.6	87.1
Indiana	539.8	496.5	536.3	498.2	595.7	582.5	596.4	594.2	28.3	25.3	28.4	24.9
Iowa	225.3	220.4	226.1	221.2	307.7	299.6	310.4	305.2	20.8	19.4	20.9	19.1
Kansas	167.5	157.1	165.5	157.0	265.7	265.3	268.3	268.7	17.9	16.2	18.0	16.0
Kentucky	251.9	238.6	249.3	238.8	402.0	384.4	403.3	387.4	21.4	17.8	21.4	17.9
Louisiana	137.1	128.8	136.5	128.3	375.7	363.9	377.5	369.4	21.0	19.0	20.8	19.3
Maine	53.8	48.6	53.9	49.1	119.3	116.5	118.6	117.3	7.1	6.2	7.2	6.3
Maryland	113.3	107.3	114.3	107.7	466.7	446.5	472.9	452.0	35.3	29.7	35.3	29.8
Massachusetts	242.6	232.6	243.5	234.3	576.0	523.8	580.2	537.3	92.4	90.1	92.7	89.7
Michigan	627.2	565.9	608.1	563.7	793.6	759.0	799.1	766.8	54.8	50.8	54.9	50.7
Minnesota	325.1	310.0	326.4	312.3	525.0	516.2	530.5	524.6	46.8	40.4	46.0	39.6
Mississippi	146.3	144.9	147.8	145.3	229.4	229.4	230.6	231.6	10.5	9.2	10.6	9.0
Missouri	277.1	269.1	274.8	261.8	540.3	520.2	543.9	527.4	47.4	43.3	46.9	42.9
Montana	21.1	19.7	20.9	19.7	93.9	92.7	94.7	93.9	6.2	5.2	6.3	5.3
Nebraska	99.6	97.9	99.7	97.7	196.2	193.7	197.5	195.6	17.1	16.0	16.9	16.1
Nevada	59.5	57.6	59.5	58.0	261.6	242.5	264.1	247.1	15.5	13.5	15.7	13.7
New Hampshire	71.2	65.0	71.0	65.7	138.2	124.8	138.6	126.1	12.2	11.7	12.3	11.4
New Jersey	251.0	241.5	250.2	243.1	882.1	844.1	891.1	850.6	67.6	64.1	67.4	63.9
New Mexico	29.1	27.7	29.3	27.4	135.8	134.3	137.5	135.2	11.3	9.8	11.3	9.8
New York	438.6	396.1	436.3	397.1	1,542.2	1,368.3	1,554.7	1,393.5	279.5	265.6	278.6	269.4
North Carolina	477.3	438.8	479.6	441.9	842.1	829.5	845.9	834.8	75.7	70.6	76.0	72.5
North Dakota	26.7	24.7	27.0	24.5	93.3	88.2	93.2	88.8	6.1	5.6	6.0	5.4
Ohio	698.3	661.0	694.8	668.3	1,021.5	970.6	1,029.4	986.2	68.5	66.3	69.6	66.4
Oklahoma	140.1	126.5	139.7	125.9	302.3	292.6	305.4	295.7	19.4	18.8	19.5	18.1
Oregon	198.7	182.4	196.5	181.4	358.2	350.7	360.2	356.0	34.9	32.4	35.5	32.4
Pennsylvania	572.3	535.6	573.2	537.1	1,120.1	1,043.3	1,130.2	1,060.5	87.0	74.6	87.0	74.9
Rhode Island	39.7	38.8	39.4	38.8	77.1	71.9	77.6	73.2	5.8	5.3	5.8	5.4
South Carolina	258.7	256.5	257.2	256.7	405.6	397.3	409.6	397.8	26.3	25.6	26.5	25.4
South Dakota	44.8	42.0	44.4	42.6	85.2	82.7	86.0	83.5	5.5	5.2	5.4	5.1
Tennessee	356.0	327.8	350.1	330.2	637.0	633.2	643.3	637.4	45.5	43.4	46.5	43.6
Texas	909.0	876.4	905.1	882.2	2,504.3	2,427.5	2,534.0	2,465.5	207.5	196.6	209.1	198.8
Utah	137.5	136.1	136.5	137.8	290.4	297.3	292.8	303.3	40.2	39.1	40.6	38.5
Vermont	30.2	27.6	30.0	28.1	53.3	50.8	53.8	51.4	4.2	4.0	4.3	4.0
Virginia	242.6	228.6	239.7	229.2	653.9	642.0	659.1	654.4	68.0	65.5	68.7	65.6
Washington	296.9	270.2	293.0	267.2	647.1	639.6	648.5	644.6	148.0	144.0	146.4	142.9
West Virginia	46.7	46.3	46.6	46.9	126.1	119.1	128.6	121.0	8.0	7.5	8.1	7.5
Wisconsin	482.9	461.5	481.3	463.2	529.8	518.4	533.2	521.9	46.7	40.0	46.8	39.6
Wyoming	10.2	10.4	10.3	10.4	52.2	51.9	51.8	51.9	3.4	2.9	3.4	2.8
Puerto Rico	75.4	75.3	75.6	75.9	172.1	158.3	172.4	160.2	16.2	15.4	16.4	15.4
Virgin Islands	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	6.8	6.2	6.8	6.4	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Financial activities				Professional and business services				Education and health services
	September		October		September		October		September		October
	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)
Alabama	97.6	96.2	97.0	96.4	248.8	247.9	252.5	257.2	252.3	232.9	252.6	235.6
Alaska	11.6	12.2	11.6	12.0	28.3	26.4	26.9	26.2	50.5	47.5	51.2	48.1
Arizona	231.6	231.5	234.0	233.0	445.5	421.1	451.2	434.5	466.3	459.4	470.9	465.0
Arkansas	62.6	60.7	62.9	61.0	145.1	145.0	147.2	149.0	194.5	186.9	195.5	187.8
California	841.0	837.5	849.5	846.7	2,734.7	2,595.9	2,754.5	2,646.1	2,805.9	2,675.5	2,839.7	2,712.0
Colorado	173.7	171.8	175.1	173.5	446.2	448.7	449.0	451.4	346.7	336.4	350.8	339.6
Connecticut	123.6	119.2	123.2	119.7	220.2	215.1	221.4	215.9	339.7	324.1	344.3	329.3
Delaware	47.5	46.0	47.6	45.7	63.4	57.3	64.4	58.8	81.0	73.7	81.4	74.2
District of Columbia	29.7	28.8	29.9	28.7	171.1	162.6	174.6	163.9	128.9	119.2	131.5	120.9
Florida	592.0	586.6	596.9	590.9	1,390.8	1,327.8	1,405.7	1,353.4	1,341.3	1,321.7	1,358.4	1,334.9
Georgia	251.1	248.3	251.6	252.0	716.0	690.2	723.5	703.6	616.1	612.2	624.8	622.5
Hawaii	29.8	28.1	29.9	28.4	73.6	63.6	74.6	64.8	87.4	82.4	88.5	82.8
Idaho	37.2	39.4	36.8	39.9	98.2	98.0	98.4	99.4	109.7	106.4	111.3	108.7
Illinois	411.8	403.1	412.8	404.0	956.1	875.5	959.6	889.1	937.2	887.3	954.1	894.2
Indiana	141.3	139.7	143.1	140.0	345.5	345.1	347.7	355.8	485.7	465.0	487.9	470.0
Iowa	109.7	107.7	109.5	108.9	139.5	131.0	141.1	134.3	235.6	224.2	238.4	228.7
Kansas	77.4	74.1	77.6	74.6	179.5	174.7	180.3	179.1	201.6	195.6	204.5	197.2
Kentucky	93.8	88.3	94.2	89.3	217.6	191.2	223.6	197.5	284.6	276.3	286.5	278.1
Louisiana	92.4	92.8	92.4	91.8	214.3	203.1	217.4	210.7	322.1	297.1	323.9	301.6
Maine	33.2	31.5	33.1	31.2	70.0	66.1	70.3	67.1	130.6	119.8	131.4	120.9
Maryland	143.0	141.5	144.0	142.4	463.8	441.6	466.2	445.9	471.3	439.4	472.9	448.1
Massachusetts	224.1	221.6	223.6	222.4	606.5	580.3	610.3	586.3	807.2	753.5	823.1	761.5
Michigan	225.1	221.1	225.4	221.3	651.0	595.9	657.4	609.8	679.5	625.3	685.7	632.9
Minnesota	193.0	187.4	191.9	187.5	383.8	374.0	386.1	375.6	552.8	519.1	558.5	525.9
Mississippi	44.4	42.9	44.2	43.2	107.9	105.4	108.0	107.4	148.0	139.8	149.5	141.0
Missouri	175.1	171.2	175.2	171.9	383.0	366.1	384.7	370.4	485.1	466.2	492.8	474.7
Montana	25.9	26.2	26.4	26.4	44.4	42.4	44.6	42.7	78.7	76.5	78.9	77.2
Nebraska	75.4	76.8	75.7	77.3	121.0	117.1	121.4	118.8	157.0	158.3	158.5	161.5
Nevada	69.3	67.7	69.9	68.9	196.5	175.3	198.5	179.4	144.7	141.1	144.4	140.3
New Hampshire	34.8	35.9	34.9	35.9	84.6	78.7	85.3	80.1	124.7	118.5	127.4	121.2
New Jersey	252.6	244.1	250.6	244.0	690.3	632.0	696.1	638.2	715.7	660.0	726.8	673.2
New Mexico	35.3	33.4	35.6	33.5	111.6	105.8	111.0	107.1	142.2	134.9	143.0	135.7
New York	727.1	692.3	729.4	688.0	1,378.3	1,228.7	1,397.8	1,250.4	2,125.7	1,981.4	2,185.5	2,032.3
North Carolina	255.4	257.4	257.7	259.4	651.2	631.1	655.7	647.3	626.5	587.7	631.7	594.1
North Dakota	24.6	24.2	24.6	24.2	33.4	31.9	33.5	31.7	66.9	65.7	67.5	66.2
Ohio	309.3	295.0	308.6	298.0	737.7	685.6	743.0	699.1	939.5	905.2	948.0	916.3
Oklahoma	79.1	78.8	79.0	79.9	194.9	182.6	197.6	181.2	240.2	233.9	241.1	236.5
Oregon	103.6	101.1	104.2	100.6	255.0	242.1	256.1	246.9	302.2	292.0	304.1	297.6
Pennsylvania	329.1	331.6	330.7	331.2	820.4	769.1	828.2	780.2	1,301.0	1,228.6	1,322.5	1,255.7
Rhode Island	35.4	35.6	35.5	35.8	68.8	63.3	70.0	64.5	108.6	103.7	111.5	104.8
South Carolina	105.3	104.1	105.6	104.7	298.0	294.1	300.3	298.4	259.0	244.4	261.1	249.2
South Dakota	28.9	29.0	28.9	29.4	33.3	33.6	33.8	34.0	73.5	71.3	74.2	71.6
Tennessee	173.9	175.3	173.7	175.5	429.9	410.5	434.1	427.7	445.8	436.3	449.0	436.9
Texas	808.5	810.0	808.8	817.5	1,803.4	1,786.5	1,821.3	1,835.4	1,748.0	1,673.3	1,766.4	1,697.6
Utah	90.7	93.9	91.1	94.1	226.9	222.3	228.7	224.6	211.6	211.2	215.8	213.8
Vermont	12.3	11.4	12.1	11.6	30.0	28.9	30.1	29.9	64.9	61.6	66.5	61.9
Virginia	212.5	211.8	212.0	211.1	766.6	741.5	772.7	750.7	559.0	521.3	564.5	528.8
Washington	162.3	161.4	162.8	161.4	443.4	447.0	442.5	449.9	502.6	478.4	506.0	485.0
West Virginia	29.3	27.5	29.0	27.3	69.7	63.7	70.7	64.7	129.5	124.7	130.4	125.0
Wisconsin	154.4	153.6	154.1	152.9	325.2	303.4	329.2	310.1	463.5	438.1	469.5	438.3
Wyoming	11.2	10.6	11.4	10.5	19.7	17.4	19.7	18.0	28.7	28.5	28.5	29.0
Puerto Rico	44.4	43.8	44.4	43.6	122.9	110.1	122.4	112.1	121.4	111.5	123.7	112.9
Virgin Islands	1.9	1.7	1.9	1.7	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.8	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Leisure and hospitality				Other services				Government
	September		October		September		October		September		October
	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)	2019	2020	2019	2020(p)
Alabama	208.1	179.0	208.3	181.0	99.3	95.4	99.7	96.4	392.9	386.0	396.4	388.2
Alaska	40.6	27.8	34.0	25.9	11.1	9.7	11.0	10.0	80.1	78.2	80.1	78.4
Arizona	328.2	274.9	333.4	284.7	94.7	95.8	96.0	97.7	434.8	428.7	437.1	428.4
Arkansas	121.2	104.6	119.8	104.4	59.5	55.7	60.2	56.3	213.0	205.2	213.9	205.3
California	2,038.4	1,460.3	2,039.6	1,526.1	577.9	461.6	581.3	476.1	2,572.0	2,442.0	2,648.0	2,464.5
Colorado	346.0	290.1	335.3	285.7	113.5	104.3	114.8	104.8	459.5	431.4	466.2	434.0
Connecticut	158.7	129.9	157.0	132.2	64.6	56.6	63.5	57.4	239.2	222.4	241.3	227.8
Delaware	54.9	42.0	52.4	42.3	18.6	16.2	19.1	16.5	67.0	65.1	68.9	65.8
District of Columbia	82.7	51.1	82.4	52.8	77.3	76.2	77.8	75.7	238.3	243.3	237.7	244.2
Florida	1,230.5	1,011.4	1,239.7	1,042.7	351.0	320.4	349.2	324.9	1,136.0	1,106.1	1,146.6	1,109.8
Georgia	502.8	433.6	508.7	442.8	164.5	156.3	164.5	156.9	693.1	676.1	697.5	678.2
Hawaii	126.4	54.5	125.5	63.0	28.2	24.8	28.1	25.1	125.9	119.1	128.4	119.2
Idaho	85.8	82.0	81.3	81.8	26.8	25.5	26.7	25.5	128.3	124.9	132.0	127.1
Illinois	627.6	496.8	623.0	495.0	253.8	240.2	254.8	240.5	836.5	800.5	842.6	797.9
Indiana	317.3	296.3	313.5	297.7	134.0	123.9	134.3	126.4	439.8	427.2	439.7	425.6
Iowa	146.3	120.0	145.4	118.0	58.6	53.7	58.9	54.0	261.6	255.1	266.8	260.0
Kansas	130.7	114.2	132.0	116.7	52.1	47.7	51.8	47.9	263.5	250.3	267.3	255.5
Kentucky	203.7	189.3	202.6	192.5	66.0	65.2	66.3	65.7	315.1	291.6	315.1	293.3
Louisiana	236.9	194.2	238.4	202.2	73.9	70.5	74.5	70.9	332.9	327.5	337.2	328.0
Maine	75.9	56.7	69.7	52.9	22.2	20.9	22.6	21.1	102.9	97.5	105.0	97.1
Maryland	284.8	236.0	273.8	238.9	114.7	108.9	114.9	110.6	505.9	479.7	512.9	484.8
Massachusetts	387.0	255.0	379.7	249.2	137.5	110.7	138.6	112.3	459.1	436.9	467.3	440.6
Michigan	442.0	297.0	434.9	295.3	165.9	147.9	164.1	147.1	624.0	583.8	633.5	593.4
Minnesota	281.9	210.8	274.4	207.3	114.0	101.8	113.4	104.4	422.1	391.5	434.4	404.7
Mississippi	137.2	131.9	137.2	134.9	40.4	40.3	41.4	40.9	245.3	236.3	245.8	236.8
Missouri	312.9	259.1	311.0	257.6	116.4	116.8	116.4	119.6	442.2	433.4	446.8	436.8
Montana	69.3	60.7	63.7	58.0	19.1	17.8	19.4	18.3	91.7	93.2	92.9	93.0
Nebraska	95.1	81.8	95.3	82.7	37.6	35.5	37.5	35.2	173.6	169.4	176.7	170.0
Nevada	357.1	304.3	353.7	305.2	42.0	37.2	41.6	37.3	168.8	156.4	169.9	155.0
New Hampshire	74.1	57.3	71.1	54.3	25.5	26.6	26.2	25.6	91.1	85.4	93.5	84.6
New Jersey	405.7	302.6	390.5	295.7	173.2	156.7	175.0	158.5	596.5	586.0	615.3	588.7
New Mexico	100.1	75.6	97.3	77.1	28.8	26.1	28.4	26.0	191.5	190.8	193.5	191.2
New York	975.9	626.8	963.2	634.1	412.6	360.4	417.5	362.4	1,473.4	1,457.9	1,497.0	1,457.3
North Carolina	516.6	404.5	520.7	415.1	159.5	156.8	160.6	158.4	742.0	719.9	750.6	722.8
North Dakota	41.0	35.1	41.0	35.1	15.3	13.9	15.3	14.1	83.4	83.2	85.2	84.7
Ohio	577.0	446.5	566.4	444.0	212.6	205.7	211.0	205.9	787.3	738.4	798.9	747.2
Oklahoma	176.9	166.0	178.2	169.0	70.7	66.7	70.1	66.7	356.6	350.4	361.5	352.6
Oregon	218.7	163.4	214.2	163.4	64.7	60.8	65.8	60.7	289.9	278.0	306.5	284.0
Pennsylvania	584.2	435.9	575.3	435.1	261.7	226.4	262.1	228.7	715.7	693.3	722.5	693.8
Rhode Island	62.9	49.7	61.0	47.5	22.9	19.0	22.6	19.0	66.4	64.8	66.6	64.6
South Carolina	272.5	224.6	272.9	229.4	80.0	83.6	80.1	83.5	374.2	364.1	377.4	367.2
South Dakota	49.2	43.8	47.4	41.3	16.9	15.8	17.3	15.9	80.9	79.3	81.6	79.9
Tennessee	353.8	304.4	355.3	310.1	122.0	118.0	121.3	120.0	444.6	432.3	449.7	436.1
Texas	1,399.0	1,175.6	1,407.3	1,201.0	446.5	417.3	448.0	424.4	1,962.8	1,940.2	2,001.6	1,959.0
Utah	155.0	131.2	154.4	132.7	42.4	46.0	43.3	46.0	257.4	259.9	258.8	258.8
Vermont	36.6	22.7	35.7	22.8	10.3	9.5	10.3	9.7	57.6	56.3	59.4	56.9
Virginia	409.2	336.6	410.3	343.8	201.8	193.6	202.1	194.6	733.4	706.1	739.4	710.1
Washington	357.5	265.7	348.3	264.1	127.8	109.5	126.7	110.4	576.3	551.7	593.9	550.3
West Virginia	76.0	62.7	75.4	62.7	24.2	23.2	24.1	23.6	152.7	145.9	154.7	147.5
Wisconsin	288.8	221.3	283.1	208.4	152.2	133.9	151.5	135.3	399.9	384.0	417.4	389.3
Wyoming	39.7	34.1	35.2	33.2	16.3	14.9	16.2	14.7	69.3	67.9	69.7	68.0
Puerto Rico	80.9	59.4	80.8	61.4	18.2	16.8	18.2	16.9	202.2	204.4	202.7	200.4
Virgin Islands	5.2	4.3	5.4	4.6	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	10.5	11.0	10.5	10.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.