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Economic News Release
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Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, May 3, 2023 	                         USDL-23-0869

Technical information:
 Employment:   (202) 691-6559  *  sminfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/sae 
 Unemployment: (202) 691-6392  *  lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


             METROPOLITAN AREA EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- MARCH 2023


Unemployment rates were lower in March than a year earlier in 208 of the 389 metropolitan
areas, higher in 151 areas, and unchanged in 30 areas, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. A total of 125 areas had jobless rates of less than 3.0 percent and 11
areas had rates of at least 8.0 percent. Nonfarm payroll employment increased over the
year in 91 metropolitan areas, decreased in 1 area, and was essentially unchanged in 297
areas. The national unemployment rate in March was 3.6 percent, not seasonally adjusted,
little changed from a year earlier.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force
and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for 
the national household survey estimates. These data pertain to individuals by where they
reside. The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures nonfarm 
employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined
by where the establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and 
statistical methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note.

Metropolitan Area Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In March, Decatur, AL; Huntsville, AL; and Rapid City, SD, had the lowest unemployment 
rates, 1.6 percent each. The next lowest rates were in Madison, WI, and Sioux Falls, SD,
1.7 percent each. El Centro, CA, had the highest rate, 15.6 percent. The next highest rates
were in Visalia-Porterville, CA, 11.3 percent, and Merced, CA, 11.2 percent. A total of 211
areas had March jobless rates below the U.S. rate of 3.6 percent, 162 areas had rates above
it, and 16 areas had rates equal to that of the nation. (See table 1.)

The largest over-the-year unemployment rate decreases in March occurred in Farmington, NM 
(-1.6 percentage points), and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (-1.5 points). Eleven other areas
had rate declines of at least 1.0 percentage point. El Centro, CA, had the largest over-
the-year rate increase in March (+3.3 percentage points).

Of the 51 metropolitan areas with a 2010 Census population of 1 million or more, Birmingham-
Hoover, AL, had the lowest jobless rate in March, 1.8 percent. The next lowest rates were
in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL, 2.2 percent, and Baltimore-Columbia-Towson,
MD, 2.3 percent. Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV, had the highest rate, 5.7 percent.
Twenty-nine large areas had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, 19 had increases,
and 3 had no change. The largest rate declines occurred in Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 
(-1.5 percentage points), and Cleveland-Elyria, OH (-1.4 points). The largest jobless rate
increase was in Austin-Round Rock, TX (+0.7 percentage point).

Metropolitan Division Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

Eleven of the most populous metropolitan areas are made up of 38 metropolitan divisions,
which are essentially separately identifiable employment centers. In March, Miami-Miami
Beach-Kendall, FL, had the lowest division unemployment rate, 1.8 percent. Elgin, IL, and
Tacoma-Lakewood, WA, had the highest rates among the divisions, 5.3 percent each. (See
table 2.)

In March, 21 metropolitan divisions had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, 11 had
increases, and 6 had no change. The largest rate decline occurred in Detroit-Dearborn-
Livonia, MI (-1.9 percentage points). The largest over-the-year jobless rate increases 
occurred in Gary, IN (+0.6 percentage point), and Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX (+0.5 point).

Metropolitan Area Nonfarm Employment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In March, nonfarm payroll employment increased over the year in 91 metropolitan areas,
decreased in 1 area, and was essentially unchanged in 297 areas. The largest over-the-
year employment increases occurred in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (+277,000),
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (+203,100), and Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 
(+152,000). The largest over-the-year percentage gains in employment occurred in Midland,
TX (+9.6 percent), Charleston-North Charleston, SC (+6.1 percent), and Myrtle Beach-Conway-
North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC (+5.4 percent). The over-the-year decrease in employment occurred
in Elkhart-Goshen, IN (-5,100, or -3.5 percent). (See table 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm employment increased in 35 metropolitan areas with a 2010 Census
population of 1 million or more, while employment was essentially unchanged in 16 areas.
The largest over-the-year percentage increases in employment in these large metropolitan
areas occurred in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV (+5.3 percent), and Austin-Round Rock,
TX (+5.2 percent), followed by Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX, and Jacksonville, FL
(+5.1 percent each).

Metropolitan Division Nonfarm Employment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In March, nonfarm payroll employment increased over the year in 19 metropolitan divisions
and was essentially unchanged in 19 divisions. The largest over-the-year increases in
employment among the metropolitan divisions occurred in New York-Jersey City-White Plains,
NY-NJ (+231,800), Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX (+147,100), and Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale,
CA (+110,300). (See table 4.)

The largest over-the-year percentage increases in employment occurred in Dallas-Plano-
Irving, TX (+5.1 percent), Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (+4.9 percent), and Miami-Miami Beach-
Kendall, FL (+4.8 percent).

_____________
The State Employment and Unemployment news release for April is scheduled to be
released on Friday, May 19, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The Metropolitan Area 
Employment and Unemployment news release for April is scheduled to be released
on Wednesday, May 31, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).




Technical Note
  
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data from the
Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1 and 2) for 389
metropolitan statistical areas and metropolitan New England City and Town Areas
(NECTAs), plus 7 areas in Puerto Rico. Estimates for 38 metropolitan and NECTA
divisions also are presented. Nonfarm payroll employment estimates from the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4) are provided for
the same areas. State estimates were previously published in the news release
State Employment and Unemployment, and are republished in this news release for
ease of reference. The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the
same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates
obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households
that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed persons and unemployed persons on a
place-of-residence basis.  The universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older. Employed persons are those who did any work
at all for pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including the
12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or
farm, plus those not working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent,
whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor-management dispute, illness, or
vacation. Unemployed persons are those who were not employed during the reference
week (based on the definition above), had actively looked for a job sometime in the
4-week period ending with the reference week, and were currently available for work;
persons on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for states, the District of Columbia, the Los
Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division, and New York City are produced
using time-series models with real-time benchmarking to national CPS totals. Model-
based estimates are also produced for the following areas and their respective
balances: the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division;
Cleveland-Elyria, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area; Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
Metropolitan Statistical Area; Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL Metropolitan Division;
and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division. Modeling improves the
statistical basis of the estimation for these areas and provides important tools
for analysis, such as measures of errors and seasonally adjusted series. For all
other substate areas in this news release, estimates are prepared through indirect
estimation procedures using a building-block approach.  Estimates of employed
persons, which are based largely on “place of work” estimates from the CES program,
are adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Unemployment
estimates are aggregates of persons previously employed in industries covered by
state unemployment insurance (UI) laws and entrants to the labor force from the
CPS. The substate estimates of employment and unemployment, which geographically
exhaust the entire state, are adjusted proportionally to ensure that they add to
the independently estimated model-based area totals. A detailed description of the
estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request.

   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data shown for the prior
year reflect adjustments made at the beginning of each year, usually implemented with
the issuance of January estimates. The adjusted model-based estimates typically reflect
updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in other input
data sources, and model re-estimation. All substate estimates then are re-estimated
using updated inputs and adjusted to add to the revised model-based totals. In early
2021, a new generation of time-series models was implemented, resulting in the
replacement of data back to the series beginnings.

Employment--from the CES program 

   Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive
pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are
counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing
on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the
basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North
American Industry Classification System.

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several
estimation procedures. Where possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link
relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month weighted employment
to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current
month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month's employment
estimates. The weighted link relative technique is utilized for data series where the
sample size meets certain statistical criteria. For some employment series, the
estimates are produced with a model that uses direct sample estimates (described
above) combined with other regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

   Annual revisions.  Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count
of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by
employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark
information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the
preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month.
Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used
to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted for states,
metropolitan areas, and metropolitan divisions at the total nonfarm level. For states,
data are seasonally adjusted at the supersector level as well. Revisions to historical
data for the most recent 5 years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark
adjustments.

   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available
estimates including those for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.
Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for the current month's preliminary
estimate as well as the previous month's final estimate.

Reliability of the estimates

   The estimates presented in this news release are based on sample surveys, administrative data,
and modeling and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error
is a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a
sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to
nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and
processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to
additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used. The sums of
individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of
rounding.

Use of error measures

   Civilian labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not
available for metropolitan areas or metropolitan divisions. Model-based error measures for
states are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/laus/lastderr.htm. Measures of
nonsampling error are not available for the areas contained in this news release. Information
on recent data revisions for states and local areas is available online at
www.bls.gov/lau/launews1.htm.

   Employment estimates. Changes in metropolitan area nonfarm payroll employment are cited
in the analysis of this news release only if they have been determined to be statistically
significant at the 90-percent confidence level.  Measures of sampling error for the total
nonfarm employment series are available for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions
at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of sampling error for more detailed series
at the area and division level are available upon request. Measures of sampling error for
states  at the supersector level and for the private service-providing, goods-producing,
total private and total nonfarm levels are available on the BLS website at 
www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Information on recent benchmark revisions
is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/benchmark.pdf.

Area definitions

   The substate area data published in this news release reflect the delineations issued by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. Data reflect New England City and
Town Area (NECTA) definitions, rather than county-based definitions, in the six New England
States. A detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at
www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm.

Additional information

   Estimates of unadjusted and seasonally adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment
data for states and seven substate areas are available in the news release State Employment
and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment for all states,
metropolitan areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other areas
used in the administration of various federal economic assistance programs are available
on the Internet at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program for states and
metropolitan areas are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/sae/.

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to 
access telecommunications relay services.




LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area
State and area Civilian labor force Unemployed
February March Number Percent of labor force
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) February March February March
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

Alabama

2,277,291 2,285,046 2,283,963 2,291,790 66,470 54,111 56,151 44,574 2.9 2.4 2.5 1.9

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville

46,141 46,224 46,290 46,406 1,615 1,174 1,411 961 3.5 2.5 3.0 2.1

Auburn-Opelika

78,751 80,460 78,787 80,627 2,044 1,729 1,762 1,470 2.6 2.1 2.2 1.8

Birmingham-Hoover

567,571 564,453 569,526 566,724 15,275 12,156 12,908 10,011 2.7 2.2 2.3 1.8

Daphne-Fairhope-Foley

100,785 102,717 101,836 103,458 2,707 2,278 2,304 1,844 2.7 2.2 2.3 1.8

Decatur

74,884 76,320 75,339 76,507 1,798 1,493 1,539 1,206 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.6

Dothan

65,598 66,503 65,918 66,489 1,900 1,553 1,591 1,266 2.9 2.3 2.4 1.9

Florence-Muscle Shoals

66,125 66,465 67,030 66,734 2,049 1,675 1,687 1,341 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.0

Gadsden

39,445 38,959 39,358 38,999 1,372 1,056 1,161 852 3.5 2.7 2.9 2.2

Huntsville

245,817 251,499 247,245 253,586 5,813 4,892 4,937 4,089 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.6

Mobile

192,522 193,254 192,645 193,190 7,186 5,499 5,950 4,624 3.7 2.8 3.1 2.4

Montgomery

175,315 176,504 175,152 176,463 5,545 4,513 4,724 3,709 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.1

Tuscaloosa

116,523 119,002 116,199 119,021 3,424 2,631 2,896 2,275 2.9 2.2 2.5 1.9

Alaska

355,282 355,004 354,162 354,869 19,350 15,799 17,074 14,283 5.4 4.5 4.8 4.0

Anchorage

202,163 202,603 201,465 201,676 9,844 7,834 8,752 7,081 4.9 3.9 4.3 3.5

Fairbanks

45,152 45,533 45,297 45,814 2,234 1,826 1,971 1,647 4.9 4.0 4.4 3.6

Arizona

3,579,498 3,664,175 3,595,573 3,677,373 129,382 118,475 120,298 119,098 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.2

Flagstaff

72,725 74,827 73,339 75,054 3,262 2,778 2,973 2,623 4.5 3.7 4.1 3.5

Lake Havasu City-Kingman

88,442 90,117 89,115 90,237 3,925 3,631 3,673 3,603 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.0

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale

2,552,691 2,618,525 2,561,783 2,629,372 83,302 75,916 77,103 76,303 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.9

Prescott

105,145 108,925 106,215 109,337 3,487 3,329 3,217 3,527 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.2

Sierra Vista-Douglas

48,979 49,178 49,326 49,431 2,031 2,000 1,883 1,991 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.0

Tucson

487,530 496,780 489,376 495,495 17,834 15,785 16,515 15,799 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.2

Yuma

97,522 96,589 98,874 97,882 9,154 8,785 8,948 8,936 9.4 9.1 9.0 9.1

Arkansas

1,363,781 1,369,419 1,370,298 1,381,469 51,617 39,726 43,443 36,222 3.8 2.9 3.2 2.6

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers

301,269 310,566 303,127 314,067 8,081 6,469 6,969 6,131 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.0

Fort Smith

117,814 118,381 117,726 118,904 4,381 3,523 3,749 3,309 3.7 3.0 3.2 2.8

Hot Springs

42,111 42,081 42,141 42,200 1,826 1,411 1,542 1,265 4.3 3.4 3.7 3.0

Jonesboro

66,769 68,002 67,420 68,427 2,133 1,641 1,824 1,520 3.2 2.4 2.7 2.2

Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway

359,151 359,027 358,870 360,321 13,215 9,829 11,126 8,988 3.7 2.7 3.1 2.5

Pine Bluff

32,681 32,205 32,658 32,519 1,849 1,311 1,572 1,177 5.7 4.1 4.8 3.6

California

19,292,418 19,470,575 19,307,448 19,498,333 965,748 943,946 867,452 937,793 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.8

Bakersfield

391,512 399,538 382,827 392,252 31,891 36,019 30,287 37,581 8.1 9.0 7.9 9.6

Chico

92,543 93,446 93,549 94,148 4,871 5,282 4,407 5,325 5.3 5.7 4.7 5.7

El Centro

69,208 71,881 68,278 71,396 9,304 11,313 8,412 11,146 13.4 15.7 12.3 15.6

Fresno

451,149 466,142 449,905 467,030 34,953 38,545 32,835 40,067 7.7 8.3 7.3 8.6

Hanford-Corcoran

56,216 58,635 55,759 58,473 4,996 5,508 4,564 5,682 8.9 9.4 8.2 9.7

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

6,655,059 6,649,192 6,641,930 6,644,044 351,849 318,656 313,425 305,631 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.6

Madera

64,656 67,230 62,771 65,698 4,704 5,525 4,347 5,736 7.3 8.2 6.9 8.7

Merced

115,568 117,383 115,533 118,074 11,216 12,721 10,530 13,238 9.7 10.8 9.1 11.2

Modesto

241,431 244,332 242,057 245,806 15,379 16,555 14,161 16,998 6.4 6.8 5.9 6.9

Napa

69,471 71,827 70,097 72,195 2,812 2,734 2,475 2,630 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.6

Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura

415,052 418,229 416,822 418,894 17,658 17,264 15,650 16,934 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.0

Redding

72,703 74,172 73,131 74,494 4,105 4,340 3,706 4,421 5.6 5.9 5.1 5.9

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario

2,179,176 2,169,264 2,178,105 2,173,599 102,860 98,521 91,681 98,750 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.5

Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade

1,120,644 1,137,508 1,126,288 1,141,035 49,918 49,801 44,418 50,356 4.5 4.4 3.9 4.4

Salinas

207,849 222,466 209,546 225,320 20,054 21,540 18,097 21,680 9.6 9.7 8.6 9.6

San Diego-Carlsbad

1,583,030 1,611,438 1,589,441 1,620,196 64,558 59,961 57,475 59,400 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.7

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward

2,525,056 2,558,833 2,535,896 2,561,982 89,875 87,481 80,071 87,482 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.4

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara

1,062,905 1,085,362 1,067,605 1,093,106 34,566 35,188 31,026 35,782 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.3

San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande

136,738 139,964 137,507 140,685 4,936 4,790 4,388 4,756 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.4

Santa Cruz-Watsonville

132,231 134,943 133,049 135,582 8,677 9,244 7,982 9,363 6.6 6.9 6.0 6.9

Santa Maria-Santa Barbara

218,530 224,413 222,455 226,007 10,251 10,371 8,923 10,188 4.7 4.6 4.0 4.5

Santa Rosa

246,352 251,325 248,267 251,728 9,215 9,089 8,296 9,044 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.6

Stockton-Lodi

345,517 350,156 345,094 351,210 21,565 22,612 19,482 23,261 6.2 6.5 5.6 6.6

Vallejo-Fairfield

202,166 203,263 202,944 203,844 10,415 9,757 9,235 9,807 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.8

Visalia-Porterville

205,690 213,153 204,405 212,353 19,120 23,053 18,033 23,940 9.3 10.8 8.8 11.3

Yuba City

77,040 79,370 77,652 80,126 5,919 6,736 5,413 7,061 7.7 8.5 7.0 8.8

Colorado

3,202,616 3,243,663 3,195,552 3,232,419 126,841 105,198 108,143 86,367 4.0 3.2 3.4 2.7

Boulder

201,797 206,252 201,533 204,713 6,601 5,669 5,543 4,721 3.3 2.7 2.8 2.3

Colorado Springs

373,067 379,580 371,796 377,865 15,510 12,940 13,222 10,627 4.2 3.4 3.6 2.8

Denver-Aurora-Lakewood

1,724,125 1,743,820 1,721,400 1,734,903 67,094 55,801 57,375 46,012 3.9 3.2 3.3 2.7

Fort Collins

209,998 210,858 209,683 211,852 7,575 6,210 6,369 5,124 3.6 2.9 3.0 2.4

Grand Junction

76,779 77,707 77,084 77,198 3,522 2,979 2,955 2,396 4.6 3.8 3.8 3.1

Greeley

168,765 170,931 168,236 170,877 7,167 5,896 6,153 4,826 4.2 3.4 3.7 2.8

Pueblo

76,964 76,967 76,987 76,519 4,390 3,560 3,852 2,937 5.7 4.6 5.0 3.8

Connecticut

1,939,318 1,889,803 1,949,097 1,882,201 99,897 87,063 88,683 81,230 5.2 4.6 4.5 4.3

Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk

471,124 462,925 474,640 460,022 24,663 22,076 21,870 20,341 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.4

Danbury

107,468 104,869 108,179 104,202 5,157 4,464 4,545 4,051 4.8 4.3 4.2 3.9

Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford

637,750 616,001 639,850 614,578 32,488 28,008 28,788 25,983 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.2

New Haven

343,169 334,708 344,583 332,846 16,348 14,154 14,431 13,101 4.8 4.2 4.2 3.9

Norwich-New London-Westerly

139,288 136,815 140,273 136,508 7,516 6,127 6,596 5,580 5.4 4.5 4.7 4.1

Waterbury

112,877 110,355 113,260 110,267 7,007 6,363 6,323 6,452 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.9

Delaware

497,407 494,664 499,906 500,661 24,081 22,680 22,665 21,748 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.3

Dover

81,306 79,949 81,753 80,855 4,331 4,076 4,157 3,930 5.3 5.1 5.1 4.9

Salisbury(1)

191,674 193,457 193,351 196,861 10,175 9,402 9,083 7,999 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.1

District of Columbia

387,107 392,256 388,830 391,961 21,593 19,196 19,865 19,963 5.6 4.9 5.1 5.1

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria

3,400,815 3,466,137 3,422,906 3,502,973 109,261 101,191 104,479 93,332 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.7

Florida

10,620,017 10,942,733 10,655,670 11,027,163 345,408 274,937 316,855 281,394 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.6

Cape Coral-Fort Myers

371,508 384,989 374,190 391,023 11,845 10,854 10,676 11,028 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.8

Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin

134,362 138,759 136,984 141,186 3,756 3,256 3,429 3,227 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.3

Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach

312,593 323,331 313,970 326,613 11,207 9,316 10,044 9,492 3.6 2.9 3.2 2.9

Gainesville

147,822 152,524 148,238 153,415 4,508 3,903 4,117 3,989 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.6

Homosassa Springs

48,704 50,022 48,958 50,664 2,246 1,910 2,008 1,920 4.6 3.8 4.1 3.8

Jacksonville

815,170 854,417 819,336 857,983 25,358 21,402 23,211 22,177 3.1 2.5 2.8 2.6

Lakeland-Winter Haven

333,154 342,460 335,591 346,138 12,885 10,457 11,584 10,709 3.9 3.1 3.5 3.1

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach

3,179,035 3,237,543 3,167,791 3,254,519 98,792 70,207 93,948 72,798 3.1 2.2 3.0 2.2

Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island

189,241 191,374 190,791 192,829 5,383 4,711 4,897 4,717 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.4

North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton

378,229 389,999 380,334 393,877 11,942 10,256 10,855 10,448 3.2 2.6 2.9 2.7

Ocala

146,416 150,345 146,742 151,640 5,597 4,726 5,084 4,810 3.8 3.1 3.5 3.2

Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford

1,393,590 1,450,630 1,403,864 1,459,758 47,213 37,094 42,335 37,663 3.4 2.6 3.0 2.6

Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville

292,824 300,358 294,168 302,106 9,323 7,793 8,438 7,972 3.2 2.6 2.9 2.6

Panama City

90,484 93,612 91,904 94,981 2,888 2,296 2,506 2,261 3.2 2.5 2.7 2.4

Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent

231,473 238,851 233,636 241,756 7,557 6,203 6,883 6,300 3.3 2.6 2.9 2.6

Port St. Lucie

228,714 234,931 230,072 237,557 8,084 6,698 7,372 6,783 3.5 2.9 3.2 2.9

Punta Gorda

76,107 78,423 76,200 78,862 2,752 2,458 2,509 2,485 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.2

Sebastian-Vero Beach

67,447 68,399 68,139 68,968 2,492 2,059 2,255 2,102 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.0

Sebring

36,372 36,494 36,783 36,878 1,624 1,365 1,497 1,384 4.5 3.7 4.1 3.8

Tallahassee

198,478 203,860 198,664 204,387 6,645 5,464 5,999 5,490 3.3 2.7 3.0 2.7

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

1,621,160 1,687,175 1,630,660 1,704,865 51,375 42,799 46,430 43,848 3.2 2.5 2.8 2.6

The Villages

36,658 38,386 37,003 38,827 1,688 1,445 1,536 1,462 4.6 3.8 4.2 3.8

Georgia

5,243,847 5,296,195 5,259,516 5,323,383 170,502 174,742 157,188 177,776 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.3

Albany

65,314 64,818 65,416 65,084 2,667 2,643 2,413 2,555 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.9

Athens-Clarke County

98,539 100,268 98,366 101,148 3,112 3,146 2,879 3,237 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.2

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell

3,187,225 3,233,511 3,196,728 3,252,878 100,245 103,217 92,299 105,097 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.2

Augusta-Richmond County

264,589 262,267 265,123 262,160 9,973 10,453 8,893 10,173 3.8 4.0 3.4 3.9

Brunswick

52,748 53,754 53,099 54,385 1,761 1,707 1,628 1,738 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2

Columbus

121,142 123,828 121,393 124,216 4,635 4,653 4,232 4,682 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.8

Dalton

59,166 58,822 59,138 59,036 2,226 2,370 2,041 2,482 3.8 4.0 3.5 4.2

Gainesville

106,696 108,865 106,892 109,365 2,680 2,796 2,531 2,828 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.6

Hinesville

34,847 35,092 34,777 35,096 1,169 1,198 1,112 1,229 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5

Macon-Bibb County

100,744 100,455 100,646 101,024 3,682 3,736 3,433 3,905 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.9

Rome

43,639 45,268 43,794 45,566 1,435 1,533 1,322 1,479 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.2

Savannah

199,371 198,194 199,637 199,202 6,366 5,982 5,836 6,220 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.1

Valdosta

63,367 63,115 63,830 63,426 2,171 2,295 1,991 2,272 3.4 3.6 3.1 3.6

Warner Robins

87,217 86,985 87,473 87,333 2,873 2,827 2,687 2,864 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3

Hawaii

670,038 678,021 673,200 680,617 21,071 21,420 20,491 20,985 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1

Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina

86,353 87,081 87,036 87,854 2,989 2,779 2,860 3,015 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4

Urban Honolulu

453,922 459,022 455,050 460,588 13,880 14,253 13,547 13,553 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9

Idaho

940,225 960,802 945,910 962,446 30,454 30,416 28,769 30,076 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1

Boise City

409,549 416,086 412,934 417,370 11,909 12,046 11,107 11,943 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9

Coeur d'Alene

83,838 85,556 84,269 85,631 3,455 3,438 3,190 3,327 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9

Idaho Falls

79,694 81,010 80,024 81,069 2,344 2,289 2,210 2,295 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8

Lewiston

31,945 32,096 32,208 32,058 1,115 1,161 1,056 1,037 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.2

Pocatello

44,058 45,239 44,154 45,138 1,431 1,317 1,347 1,324 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.9

Twin Falls

55,652 61,448 56,123 62,024 1,797 1,882 1,713 1,839 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0

Illinois

6,463,046 6,451,815 6,484,826 6,446,508 329,505 292,557 301,708 279,007 5.1 4.5 4.7 4.3

Bloomington

94,747 96,505 96,210 96,388 3,802 3,857 3,688 3,262 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.4

Carbondale-Marion

58,111 57,887 58,688 57,952 2,757 2,627 2,717 2,319 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.0

Champaign-Urbana

125,351 126,819 126,285 126,513 5,144 5,180 4,920 4,522 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.6

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin

4,964,380 4,954,191 4,965,968 4,952,236 252,425 216,117 224,956 212,881 5.1 4.4 4.5 4.3

Danville

31,748 31,817 32,158 31,770 1,845 1,909 1,739 1,705 5.8 6.0 5.4 5.4

Davenport-Moline-Rock Island(1)

186,376 186,381 187,854 185,714 8,064 8,652 7,664 7,557 4.3 4.6 4.1 4.1

Decatur

45,572 45,274 45,596 45,103 2,970 2,679 2,841 2,754 6.5 5.9 6.2 6.1

Kankakee

51,878 51,785 52,257 51,651 3,311 3,384 3,075 3,001 6.4 6.5 5.9 5.8

Peoria

167,689 169,720 169,219 170,353 9,141 9,159 8,563 8,078 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.7

Rockford

158,245 156,312 159,446 156,931 11,275 9,883 12,505 10,548 7.1 6.3 7.8 6.7

Springfield

103,196 102,861 103,989 102,835 5,039 4,682 4,693 4,040 4.9 4.6 4.5 3.9

Indiana

3,373,819 3,397,639 3,392,845 3,429,755 113,368 120,344 106,975 120,141 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.5

Bloomington

80,297 82,034 81,397 82,329 2,468 2,807 2,349 2,733 3.1 3.4 2.9 3.3

Columbus

43,681 44,480 44,046 44,947 1,160 1,298 1,127 1,341 2.7 2.9 2.6 3.0

Elkhart-Goshen

118,556 115,521 119,702 116,353 2,749 4,438 2,672 4,360 2.3 3.8 2.2 3.7

Evansville

158,110 158,861 159,334 160,620 5,208 5,327 5,058 5,147 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.2

Fort Wayne

219,548 220,759 220,952 222,700 6,760 7,117 6,530 7,180 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2

Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson

1,100,073 1,121,416 1,109,505 1,137,085 33,824 35,093 32,489 35,280 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.1

Kokomo

33,759 32,765 34,041 33,064 1,718 1,768 1,657 1,747 5.1 5.4 4.9 5.3

Lafayette-West Lafayette

112,012 110,322 112,782 110,685 3,492 3,587 3,362 3,457 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.1

Michigan City-La Porte

46,696 46,978 46,891 47,255 2,064 2,206 1,949 2,185 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.6

Muncie

51,527 51,857 52,145 52,488 2,053 2,087 1,953 2,065 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.9

South Bend-Mishawaka

154,048 155,599 155,679 156,686 5,864 6,640 5,555 6,529 3.8 4.3 3.6 4.2

Terre Haute

71,494 72,530 72,059 73,259 2,933 3,047 2,735 2,959 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.0

Iowa

1,720,435 1,727,064 1,719,182 1,731,952 51,738 56,238 48,595 51,896 3.0 3.3 2.8 3.0

Ames

59,924 61,182 60,022 61,189 1,063 1,180 1,119 1,225 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0

Cedar Rapids

144,631 146,610 144,614 146,572 4,746 5,242 4,367 4,817 3.3 3.6 3.0 3.3

Des Moines-West Des Moines

373,796 379,702 373,255 378,827 10,606 11,507 9,979 10,815 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.9

Dubuque

56,820 56,753 56,533 56,344 1,845 1,977 1,702 1,746 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.1

Iowa City

98,530 99,914 98,292 99,836 2,255 2,396 2,197 2,235 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2

Sioux City

94,078 94,734 94,333 95,171 2,506 2,694 2,397 2,382 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.5

Waterloo-Cedar Falls

88,631 89,553 88,370 89,366 2,606 2,904 2,507 2,781 2.9 3.2 2.8 3.1

Kansas

1,500,948 1,516,010 1,503,134 1,522,325 39,782 48,203 39,466 46,054 2.7 3.2 2.6 3.0

Lawrence

66,883 68,826 66,737 69,129 1,639 2,060 1,658 2,026 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.9

Manhattan

47,518 49,442 47,392 49,586 1,095 1,419 1,164 1,388 2.3 2.9 2.5 2.8

Topeka

120,904 121,908 121,288 122,657 3,435 4,171 3,361 3,890 2.8 3.4 2.8 3.2

Wichita

317,974 321,552 319,293 325,048 10,069 10,906 9,996 10,630 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.3

Kentucky

2,043,365 2,039,691 2,064,977 2,044,827 87,208 92,855 90,204 77,847 4.3 4.6 4.4 3.8

Bowling Green

83,356 85,368 84,272 85,605 3,224 3,657 3,354 3,190 3.9 4.3 4.0 3.7

Elizabethtown-Fort Knox

64,522 64,115 65,399 64,404 2,921 3,096 2,959 2,542 4.5 4.8 4.5 3.9

Lexington-Fayette

272,364 274,707 274,743 274,578 8,820 9,563 8,826 8,209 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.0

Louisville/Jefferson County

670,013 662,852 681,203 667,723 25,827 27,152 30,960 23,083 3.9 4.1 4.5 3.5

Owensboro

53,791 53,031 54,271 52,768 2,123 2,594 2,025 2,075 3.9 4.9 3.7 3.9

Louisiana

2,074,997 2,100,421 2,092,517 2,115,667 76,063 73,962 72,837 69,528 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3

Alexandria

63,633 65,244 64,414 65,483 1,941 2,106 1,903 1,951 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0

Baton Rouge

427,615 435,551 430,661 441,625 13,916 13,455 13,401 12,655 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9

Hammond

56,690 57,255 56,951 57,478 2,453 2,376 2,306 2,233 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9

Houma-Thibodaux

84,064 84,322 85,055 85,171 3,247 2,816 3,106 2,555 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.0

Lafayette

212,294 214,448 215,269 215,622 7,204 7,247 7,020 6,752 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1

Lake Charles

96,551 96,030 97,319 97,085 3,365 3,194 3,232 2,950 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.0

Monroe

79,194 80,071 79,921 80,765 2,806 2,911 2,748 2,794 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.5

New Orleans-Metairie

586,537 595,663 590,897 597,956 23,292 21,202 21,968 20,153 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.4

Shreveport-Bossier City

184,384 186,384 185,877 187,135 6,708 6,806 6,451 6,357 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.4

Maine

672,752 668,793 673,881 667,628 26,323 20,810 23,868 19,610 3.9 3.1 3.5 2.9

Bangor

69,166 69,434 69,457 69,264 2,460 1,893 2,311 1,812 3.6 2.7 3.3 2.6

Lewiston-Auburn

53,468 53,153 53,706 53,233 2,003 1,659 1,846 1,564 3.7 3.1 3.4 2.9

Portland-South Portland

202,613 202,797 203,143 203,586 6,299 4,757 5,981 4,757 3.1 2.3 2.9 2.3

Maryland

3,163,757 3,170,392 3,177,080 3,214,536 117,442 96,839 106,394 74,269 3.7 3.1 3.3 2.3

Baltimore-Columbia-Towson

1,480,709 1,472,100 1,483,684 1,497,222 54,007 44,910 48,499 34,588 3.6 3.1 3.3 2.3

California-Lexington Park

57,855 57,668 58,029 58,254 1,916 1,661 1,776 1,240 3.3 2.9 3.1 2.1

Cumberland

43,429 43,966 43,609 44,361 2,058 1,735 1,803 1,476 4.7 3.9 4.1 3.3

Hagerstown-Martinsburg

132,303 130,531 132,665 131,170 4,670 4,181 4,234 3,633 3.5 3.2 3.2 2.8

Massachusetts

3,752,740 3,763,398 3,761,694 3,739,104 162,389 158,937 147,168 144,316 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.9

Barnstable Town

117,393 119,907 118,304 118,933 7,855 7,901 6,841 6,763 6.7 6.6 5.8 5.7

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua

2,793,558 2,804,849 2,800,182 2,791,347 104,706 102,849 96,144 94,587 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.4

Leominster-Gardner

79,228 79,241 79,515 78,434 4,087 4,085 3,698 3,733 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.8

New Bedford

85,332 85,046 85,144 83,776 5,928 5,627 5,128 4,962 6.9 6.6 6.0 5.9

Pittsfield

40,784 40,377 40,859 39,845 2,296 2,167 2,078 1,962 5.6 5.4 5.1 4.9

Springfield

371,908 373,135 373,642 369,549 18,808 17,679 16,912 15,672 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.2

Worcester

362,593 361,361 362,918 357,726 16,299 16,045 14,672 14,649 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.1

Michigan

4,801,422 4,839,421 4,833,263 4,869,939 236,630 220,655 216,189 198,780 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.1

Ann Arbor

193,723 200,361 195,448 200,755 7,354 7,018 6,785 7,093 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5

Battle Creek

59,221 60,177 59,670 60,108 3,102 3,097 2,874 3,042 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.1

Bay City

48,382 49,778 48,827 49,649 2,927 3,253 2,681 3,106 6.0 6.5 5.5 6.3

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

2,113,536 2,089,502 2,120,992 2,117,808 101,541 78,658 90,431 60,070 4.8 3.8 4.3 2.8

Flint

175,854 179,425 176,937 180,223 10,892 10,956 10,104 10,791 6.2 6.1 5.7 6.0

Grand Rapids-Wyoming

574,407 587,750 580,186 589,003 20,955 21,805 20,248 21,610 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.7

Jackson

73,442 74,659 74,012 74,344 3,713 3,646 3,339 3,476 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.7

Kalamazoo-Portage

163,995 168,026 165,622 168,084 7,237 7,763 6,959 7,586 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.5

Lansing-East Lansing

238,725 248,059 242,029 247,456 10,224 10,691 9,843 10,555 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.3

Midland

39,191 40,423 39,715 40,435 1,870 2,051 1,793 2,044 4.8 5.1 4.5 5.1

Monroe

75,021 75,351 75,010 75,273 4,687 3,876 3,650 3,657 6.2 5.1 4.9 4.9

Muskegon

75,663 76,803 76,179 76,862 4,160 4,054 3,821 3,968 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.2

Niles-Benton Harbor

69,778 72,698 70,894 72,855 3,529 3,758 3,301 3,577 5.1 5.2 4.7 4.9

Saginaw

82,267 83,673 82,842 83,538 5,072 5,529 4,699 5,389 6.2 6.6 5.7 6.5

Minnesota

3,054,593 3,070,660 3,061,581 3,082,964 96,942 109,634 95,370 96,650 3.2 3.6 3.1 3.1

Duluth

140,238 141,205 140,711 141,573 5,654 6,086 5,438 5,383 4.0 4.3 3.9 3.8

Mankato-North Mankato

61,370 62,402 61,415 63,256 1,589 1,805 1,551 1,598 2.6 2.9 2.5 2.5

Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington

1,989,342 2,003,295 1,994,242 2,010,140 57,111 63,793 57,099 56,926 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.8

Rochester

125,635 127,787 126,203 128,836 3,581 3,909 3,485 3,451 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.7

St. Cloud

111,005 112,458 111,029 113,134 4,038 4,501 3,863 3,846 3.6 4.0 3.5 3.4

Mississippi

1,258,225 1,240,073 1,255,151 1,246,134 52,912 39,942 43,439 38,375 4.2 3.2 3.5 3.1

Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula

167,220 162,806 165,516 164,710 7,214 5,234 5,900 4,984 4.3 3.2 3.6 3.0

Hattiesburg

69,657 68,922 69,411 69,205 2,678 1,989 2,171 1,883 3.8 2.9 3.1 2.7

Jackson

261,842 261,648 261,456 262,651 10,009 7,437 8,201 7,084 3.8 2.8 3.1 2.7

Missouri

3,040,565 3,077,134 3,052,072 3,106,105 95,447 81,604 86,857 83,971 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7

Cape Girardeau

47,115 48,099 47,510 48,417 1,233 1,115 1,266 1,229 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.5

Columbia

99,250 101,004 100,186 102,439 2,044 2,001 2,143 2,216 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2

Jefferson City

74,076 76,421 74,531 76,739 1,746 1,647 1,732 1,725 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.2

Joplin

83,352 84,628 83,851 85,059 2,084 1,975 2,202 2,205 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.6

Kansas City

1,147,262 1,159,587 1,145,211 1,173,023 38,134 33,537 31,974 33,160 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.8

St. Joseph

59,448 60,040 59,533 60,165 1,668 1,540 1,652 1,594 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6

St. Louis(2)

1,448,168 1,461,843 1,457,329 1,472,947 46,542 41,458 44,790 41,431 3.2 2.8 3.1 2.8

Springfield

241,047 245,163 242,747 246,502 5,586 5,261 5,685 5,800 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.4

Montana

562,214 571,055 566,081 575,605 18,029 16,075 17,319 16,219 3.2 2.8 3.1 2.8

Billings

92,232 91,748 92,673 92,501 2,625 2,215 2,501 2,273 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.5

Great Falls

38,845 39,502 38,980 39,780 1,160 1,056 1,165 1,060 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.7

Missoula

66,262 67,805 66,595 68,405 2,203 1,907 2,061 1,919 3.3 2.8 3.1 2.8

Nebraska

1,054,133 1,058,312 1,058,871 1,062,937 25,559 23,395 24,395 21,417 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.0

Grand Island

45,544 46,049 45,806 45,952 1,142 1,039 1,073 948 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.1

Lincoln

188,159 189,762 189,623 192,757 4,088 3,868 4,063 3,582 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.9

Omaha-Council Bluffs

501,962 505,374 504,408 510,977 13,429 12,615 12,760 11,433 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.2

Nevada

1,524,000 1,581,180 1,530,468 1,578,107 82,882 89,757 79,514 85,435 5.4 5.7 5.2 5.4

Carson City

24,758 25,872 24,871 25,870 939 1,350 903 1,319 3.8 5.2 3.6 5.1

Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise

1,120,640 1,164,896 1,125,838 1,163,562 69,137 69,958 66,605 66,396 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.7

Reno

254,765 266,005 255,478 264,723 8,297 11,903 7,807 11,610 3.3 4.5 3.1 4.4

New Hampshire

761,347 766,163 764,817 758,628 19,754 18,479 19,042 16,722 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2

Dover-Durham

84,764 86,252 85,182 85,534 1,972 1,808 1,917 1,653 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.9

Manchester

120,989 121,774 121,608 121,122 2,928 2,714 2,866 2,486 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.1

Portsmouth

75,711 77,710 76,054 77,214 1,839 1,708 1,801 1,598 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.1

New Jersey

4,688,627 4,848,662 4,717,858 4,863,872 239,496 198,754 207,848 186,707 5.1 4.1 4.4 3.8

Atlantic City-Hammonton

120,444 126,175 121,167 125,919 9,089 7,312 7,513 6,545 7.5 5.8 6.2 5.2

Ocean City

41,523 43,635 41,424 43,341 5,147 4,956 4,250 4,268 12.4 11.4 10.3 9.8

Trenton

214,834 224,019 216,213 224,621 8,939 7,562 7,903 7,222 4.2 3.4 3.7 3.2

Vineland-Bridgeton

68,706 70,746 68,609 70,182 4,880 4,512 4,103 4,085 7.1 6.4 6.0 5.8

New Mexico

951,294 957,668 948,577 953,847 47,820 37,378 42,827 29,703 5.0 3.9 4.5 3.1

Albuquerque

444,417 444,531 443,707 443,064 20,384 15,848 18,203 12,501 4.6 3.6 4.1 2.8

Farmington

49,366 50,365 49,276 49,988 2,866 2,306 2,546 1,821 5.8 4.6 5.2 3.6

Las Cruces

99,540 101,325 99,423 100,925 5,348 4,718 4,902 3,969 5.4 4.7 4.9 3.9

Santa Fe

72,487 72,505 71,902 72,128 3,313 2,454 2,946 1,925 4.6 3.4 4.1 2.7

New York

9,594,922 9,663,959 9,626,570 9,688,007 516,107 431,189 453,168 391,974 5.4 4.5 4.7 4.0

Albany-Schenectady-Troy

451,817 459,570 454,343 460,068 16,632 15,269 14,716 13,487 3.7 3.3 3.2 2.9

Binghamton

104,871 104,853 104,746 104,919 4,842 4,339 4,269 3,810 4.6 4.1 4.1 3.6

Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls

539,813 542,060 543,011 544,249 24,447 21,915 21,467 19,609 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.6

Elmira

34,692 34,496 34,664 34,518 1,539 1,463 1,368 1,272 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.7

Glens Falls

57,691 58,390 57,792 58,383 2,650 2,408 2,347 2,172 4.6 4.1 4.1 3.7

Ithaca

51,133 50,883 51,834 50,919 1,568 1,466 1,383 1,244 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.4

Kingston

86,849 87,145 87,638 87,735 3,496 3,051 3,030 2,714 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.1

New York-Newark-Jersey City

10,163,600 10,345,523 10,207,670 10,376,007 565,078 460,318 494,828 426,086 5.6 4.4 4.8 4.1

Rochester

523,595 520,807 526,023 522,546 21,473 19,212 19,090 17,132 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.3

Syracuse

307,578 310,499 308,468 311,194 13,057 11,800 11,470 10,479 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.4

Utica-Rome

127,494 127,399 127,116 127,268 5,786 5,244 5,089 4,619 4.5 4.1 4.0 3.6

Watertown-Fort Drum

43,585 43,574 43,952 43,620 2,334 2,194 2,062 1,964 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.5

North Carolina

5,134,373 5,165,033 5,174,042 5,228,216 190,375 185,528 178,514 185,569 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5

Asheville

236,687 237,234 238,632 240,766 7,474 7,129 6,934 6,916 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9

Burlington

83,517 82,933 83,949 84,047 3,056 2,898 2,840 3,020 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.6

Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia

1,420,588 1,431,363 1,430,267 1,453,877 50,684 49,743 47,099 49,734 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.4

Durham-Chapel Hill

315,024 316,589 316,814 320,173 9,760 9,714 9,154 9,860 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.1

Fayetteville

150,081 146,834 150,382 148,073 7,687 7,282 7,304 7,312 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9

Goldsboro

50,541 50,505 51,443 51,368 2,099 1,946 1,979 1,955 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8

Greensboro-High Point

366,500 365,296 368,617 368,108 14,858 14,411 13,841 14,381 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.9

Greenville

88,048 88,194 88,606 89,346 3,538 3,460 3,339 3,570 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.0

Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton

174,725 174,897 175,846 176,483 6,052 5,779 5,703 5,755 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3

Jacksonville

67,628 69,148 68,240 70,326 2,821 2,844 2,650 2,792 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0

New Bern

51,797 51,829 52,213 52,388 1,872 1,913 1,759 1,864 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.6

Raleigh

765,384 776,474 770,874 784,950 23,872 23,999 22,565 24,449 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.1

Rocky Mount

63,615 61,958 64,556 62,780 3,604 3,218 3,384 3,236 5.7 5.2 5.2 5.2

Wilmington

158,209 161,862 159,884 163,485 5,331 5,299 5,002 5,303 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2

Winston-Salem

330,465 332,417 332,505 335,543 11,839 11,480 11,059 11,543 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.4

North Dakota

410,158 412,475 412,560 416,211 11,259 10,873 11,317 10,495 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5

Bismarck

71,779 70,676 71,555 70,881 1,985 1,938 1,919 1,834 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6

Fargo

146,711 148,203 146,826 149,387 3,493 3,632 3,611 3,450 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3

Grand Forks

53,942 54,730 53,907 54,799 1,481 1,507 1,481 1,363 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.5

Ohio

5,723,384 5,771,089 5,741,491 5,779,498 269,052 241,805 244,329 231,123 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.0

Akron

346,124 350,335 346,848 350,775 16,313 15,101 14,434 14,795 4.7 4.3 4.2 4.2

Canton-Massillon

192,400 194,707 192,994 194,735 9,273 8,491 8,162 8,239 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.2

Cincinnati

1,131,069 1,144,360 1,138,064 1,154,592 42,992 40,859 39,665 39,347 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4

Cleveland-Elyria

1,016,599 1,031,215 1,016,776 1,027,621 61,411 50,518 56,767 43,320 6.0 4.9 5.6 4.2

Columbus

1,122,557 1,125,190 1,124,132 1,127,251 41,012 38,630 37,634 38,321 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.4

Dayton

380,688 387,613 382,558 389,010 16,297 15,075 15,012 14,916 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.8

Lima

46,514 46,315 47,034 46,412 2,879 1,959 1,942 1,883 6.2 4.2 4.1 4.1

Mansfield

51,242 51,048 51,182 50,859 2,656 2,548 2,346 2,507 5.2 5.0 4.6 4.9

Springfield

62,928 63,093 63,079 63,040 2,715 2,500 2,742 2,445 4.3 4.0 4.3 3.9

Toledo

294,085 296,180 294,777 297,371 13,789 12,905 12,194 12,727 4.7 4.4 4.1 4.3

Weirton-Steubenville(1)

49,645 49,828 49,634 49,810 2,908 2,701 2,590 2,613 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.2

Youngstown-Warren-Boardman

228,849 228,813 229,612 228,327 13,236 11,741 11,773 11,153 5.8 5.1 5.1 4.9

Oklahoma

1,875,420 1,900,517 1,890,267 1,921,375 59,975 59,188 53,853 56,075 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.9

Enid

26,781 26,168 26,956 26,628 819 793 727 725 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.7

Lawton

50,066 50,160 50,460 50,937 1,829 1,779 1,668 1,699 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.3

Oklahoma City

708,700 728,196 714,324 734,038 20,847 21,104 18,746 20,012 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.7

Tulsa

483,108 487,098 488,186 493,738 15,988 15,344 14,500 14,663 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.0

Oregon

2,169,415 2,161,677 2,175,702 2,150,837 85,859 98,565 86,328 79,061 4.0 4.6 4.0 3.7

Albany

61,929 61,190 61,919 60,636 2,714 3,011 2,717 2,423 4.4 4.9 4.4 4.0

Bend-Redmond

102,839 102,459 102,599 101,678 4,260 5,010 4,192 3,929 4.1 4.9 4.1 3.9

Corvallis

49,336 49,903 49,380 49,747 1,486 1,753 1,580 1,318 3.0 3.5 3.2 2.6

Eugene

184,503 180,704 184,756 179,957 7,638 8,917 7,760 7,140 4.1 4.9 4.2 4.0

Grants Pass

36,842 36,540 36,754 36,249 1,923 2,337 1,941 1,866 5.2 6.4 5.3 5.1

Medford

106,085 105,866 106,315 105,347 4,651 5,825 4,710 4,714 4.4 5.5 4.4 4.5

Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro

1,365,108 1,374,438 1,371,100 1,367,907 52,392 60,101 52,414 48,808 3.8 4.4 3.8 3.6

Salem

210,667 211,888 211,245 211,146 8,389 9,795 8,479 7,752 4.0 4.6 4.0 3.7

Pennsylvania

6,421,513 6,477,774 6,455,943 6,469,404 299,996 300,207 279,813 242,468 4.7 4.6 4.3 3.7

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton

449,336 455,135 451,822 454,513 21,069 20,861 19,642 17,483 4.7 4.6 4.3 3.8

Altoona

58,235 58,704 58,587 58,501 2,854 2,764 2,622 2,199 4.9 4.7 4.5 3.8

Bloomsburg-Berwick

42,974 43,530 43,185 43,409 1,896 2,140 1,824 1,751 4.4 4.9 4.2 4.0

Chambersburg-Waynesboro

77,356 77,020 77,746 76,712 2,966 2,976 2,750 2,417 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.2

East Stroudsburg

81,504 82,483 81,836 82,138 4,890 5,123 4,626 4,303 6.0 6.2 5.7 5.2

Erie

125,414 126,064 126,184 125,633 7,005 6,971 6,569 5,683 5.6 5.5 5.2 4.5

Gettysburg

54,311 54,528 54,807 54,478 1,811 1,864 1,728 1,427 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.6

Harrisburg-Carlisle

301,508 307,476 302,825 306,984 11,571 11,779 10,948 9,345 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.0

Johnstown

55,209 55,530 55,369 55,281 3,167 3,275 2,941 2,640 5.7 5.9 5.3 4.8

Lancaster

285,321 287,143 287,100 287,172 10,496 10,015 9,841 7,739 3.7 3.5 3.4 2.7

Lebanon

72,434 73,603 72,703 73,629 2,850 2,679 2,706 2,124 3.9 3.6 3.7 2.9

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington

3,188,949 3,243,754 3,210,774 3,251,693 145,431 136,565 133,596 116,628 4.6 4.2 4.2 3.6

Pittsburgh

1,171,216 1,175,814 1,177,937 1,177,038 57,212 57,887 52,825 46,173 4.9 4.9 4.5 3.9

Reading

211,735 213,491 212,761 212,756 9,867 9,695 9,175 7,847 4.7 4.5 4.3 3.7

Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton

275,706 279,621 275,961 278,483 15,257 15,719 14,262 13,196 5.5 5.6 5.2 4.7

State College

77,714 79,388 78,037 79,422 2,788 2,884 2,784 2,283 3.6 3.6 3.6 2.9

Williamsport

54,932 55,438 54,879 54,902 2,935 2,882 2,722 2,376 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.3

York-Hanover

237,260 237,995 238,332 237,900 9,156 9,174 8,625 7,300 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.1

Rhode Island

570,069 566,969 569,429 564,168 23,327 22,142 18,401 20,267 4.1 3.9 3.2 3.6

Providence-Warwick

705,354 701,293 704,841 696,728 31,268 29,952 25,548 27,259 4.4 4.3 3.6 3.9

South Carolina

2,375,243 2,411,001 2,381,230 2,428,552 90,864 89,322 75,952 81,942 3.8 3.7 3.2 3.4

Charleston-North Charleston

400,877 416,890 400,983 420,931 13,657 13,396 11,383 12,024 3.4 3.2 2.8 2.9

Columbia

405,320 404,191 405,576 406,058 14,254 14,111 12,029 13,069 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.2

Florence

95,649 96,645 96,075 97,693 3,746 3,603 3,140 3,360 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.4

Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin

441,074 448,237 440,610 449,691 15,171 15,245 12,506 13,769 3.4 3.4 2.8 3.1

Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort

88,364 90,213 88,691 90,348 3,419 3,371 2,784 2,790 3.9 3.7 3.1 3.1

Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach

201,102 208,494 204,321 212,365 10,327 10,035 8,648 9,084 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.3

Spartanburg

166,566 168,180 166,707 169,169 6,192 6,048 5,173 5,530 3.7 3.6 3.1 3.3

Sumter

42,458 42,290 42,328 42,557 1,820 1,950 1,548 1,838 4.3 4.6 3.7 4.3

South Dakota

469,888 474,983 472,634 478,201 11,696 11,731 10,266 8,472 2.5 2.5 2.2 1.8

Rapid City

75,745 77,830 76,324 78,606 1,871 1,853 1,642 1,284 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.6

Sioux Falls

159,996 162,069 161,008 163,672 3,633 3,723 3,188 2,783 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.7

Tennessee

3,374,782 3,361,917 3,375,604 3,364,645 116,625 120,406 109,010 105,299 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.1

Chattanooga

275,850 276,491 275,479 277,980 9,872 9,162 8,406 8,379 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.0

Clarksville

119,908 119,986 119,823 120,570 4,742 5,123 4,645 4,481 4.0 4.3 3.9 3.7

Cleveland

58,703 57,362 58,226 57,380 2,253 2,196 1,954 2,030 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.5

Jackson

65,582 64,252 65,266 64,038 2,128 2,322 2,065 2,048 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.2

Johnson City

93,848 93,168 94,055 93,054 3,011 3,463 2,973 3,043 3.2 3.7 3.2 3.3

Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol

134,658 137,330 135,596 137,490 4,391 4,969 4,385 4,495 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.3

Knoxville

444,442 441,627 444,843 442,184 13,445 14,379 12,953 12,556 3.0 3.3 2.9 2.8

Memphis

639,679 631,175 637,519 630,709 28,471 26,285 25,594 24,047 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8

Morristown

53,739 53,672 53,411 53,266 2,092 2,262 1,886 1,811 3.9 4.2 3.5 3.4

Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin

1,127,906 1,133,949 1,129,138 1,138,759 31,590 31,891 30,131 28,389 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5

Texas

14,613,813 15,045,849 14,633,464 15,118,353 634,693 676,626 552,714 632,500 4.3 4.5 3.8 4.2

Abilene

81,013 82,768 81,382 82,712 3,068 3,427 2,676 3,003 3.8 4.1 3.3 3.6

Amarillo

136,655 138,646 136,954 139,012 4,636 4,895 3,961 4,313 3.4 3.5 2.9 3.1

Austin-Round Rock

1,378,012 1,429,914 1,382,416 1,444,122 44,409 52,797 38,633 50,219 3.2 3.7 2.8 3.5

Beaumont-Port Arthur

166,684 170,090 166,735 170,969 11,229 11,094 9,634 10,699 6.7 6.5 5.8 6.3

Brownsville-Harlingen

177,550 181,587 178,189 182,453 11,349 11,447 9,922 10,782 6.4 6.3 5.6 5.9

College Station-Bryan

147,067 151,465 147,313 150,864 5,007 5,694 4,337 4,864 3.4 3.8 2.9 3.2

Corpus Christi

203,884 205,266 204,284 206,600 11,430 10,542 10,183 9,830 5.6 5.1 5.0 4.8

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington

4,221,091 4,383,688 4,222,216 4,399,381 163,748 180,561 143,293 170,949 3.9 4.1 3.4 3.9

El Paso

373,384 381,007 371,752 380,934 17,715 19,236 15,434 17,631 4.7 5.0 4.2 4.6

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land

3,496,121 3,594,033 3,498,464 3,619,008 165,121 171,351 143,738 160,997 4.7 4.8 4.1 4.4

Killeen-Temple

183,859 188,164 183,685 188,285 8,860 10,007 7,709 9,207 4.8 5.3 4.2 4.9

Laredo

117,347 119,582 117,500 119,943 5,722 5,813 4,943 5,265 4.9 4.9 4.2 4.4

Longview

97,431 99,173 97,528 99,382 4,642 4,766 4,043 4,298 4.8 4.8 4.1 4.3

Lubbock

170,636 172,288 170,937 172,760 6,193 6,717 5,350 6,475 3.6 3.9 3.1 3.7

McAllen-Edinburg-Mission

372,980 382,726 374,060 385,924 26,736 26,095 23,165 24,813 7.2 6.8 6.2 6.4

Midland

106,476 114,479 106,808 114,569 3,849 3,423 3,301 3,034 3.6 3.0 3.1 2.6

Odessa

82,544 86,375 82,816 86,721 3,955 3,405 3,364 3,074 4.8 3.9 4.1 3.5

San Angelo

56,687 57,890 57,058 57,839 2,220 2,331 1,907 2,059 3.9 4.0 3.3 3.6

San Antonio-New Braunfels

1,250,809 1,288,046 1,249,209 1,287,817 50,440 54,847 43,880 50,202 4.0 4.3 3.5 3.9

Sherman-Denison

65,202 67,738 65,375 67,984 2,666 2,997 2,345 2,747 4.1 4.4 3.6 4.0

Texarkana

62,648 62,778 62,592 62,933 3,100 2,743 2,640 2,508 4.9 4.4 4.2 4.0

Tyler

111,811 114,080 111,683 114,402 4,635 4,900 3,995 4,406 4.1 4.3 3.6 3.9

Victoria

44,769 45,171 44,797 45,338 2,178 2,109 1,846 1,917 4.9 4.7 4.1 4.2

Waco

134,424 137,805 134,243 137,843 5,304 6,180 4,709 5,598 3.9 4.5 3.5 4.1

Wichita Falls

64,506 65,419 64,639 65,668 2,783 2,916 2,416 2,782 4.3 4.5 3.7 4.2

Utah

1,726,744 1,782,776 1,733,281 1,793,833 43,309 46,175 40,520 43,602 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.4

Logan

79,462 80,829 79,675 81,378 1,697 1,829 1,603 1,735 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.1

Ogden-Clearfield

348,468 357,533 349,558 360,102 8,553 8,974 8,157 8,605 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.4

Provo-Orem

350,348 359,309 351,513 361,413 7,428 8,644 7,235 8,352 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.3

St. George

86,874 89,232 87,383 89,884 2,413 2,557 2,214 2,264 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.5

Salt Lake City

706,565 733,272 709,570 737,254 17,841 19,006 16,661 18,157 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.5

Vermont

338,329 345,362 341,322 346,076 9,055 9,602 8,496 8,203 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.4

Burlington-South Burlington

125,091 127,761 125,283 127,460 2,527 2,676 2,413 2,275 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.8

Virginia

4,387,721 4,520,085 4,425,797 4,580,802 118,297 131,645 118,305 129,821 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8

Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford

94,829 97,625 96,050 98,473 2,573 2,689 2,758 2,740 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8

Charlottesville

122,078 126,399 122,709 127,540 3,009 3,346 3,046 3,315 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6

Harrisonburg

67,693 69,829 68,041 70,406 1,702 1,906 1,772 1,958 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8

Lynchburg

121,321 124,866 122,389 125,685 3,624 4,263 3,642 4,147 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.3

Richmond

690,437 713,292 695,278 724,836 19,244 22,041 19,084 21,623 2.8 3.1 2.7 3.0

Roanoke

156,590 162,836 158,194 164,601 4,163 4,787 4,172 4,627 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.8

Staunton-Waynesboro

60,402 63,005 61,258 63,565 1,509 1,623 1,524 1,637 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6

Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News

847,954 865,604 857,565 877,921 25,402 27,687 25,108 27,167 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.1

Winchester

76,550 79,111 77,054 79,831 1,846 2,069 1,840 2,033 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.5

Washington

3,967,866 4,088,845 3,978,514 4,089,386 177,269 201,192 165,858 171,803 4.5 4.9 4.2 4.2

Bellingham

114,922 118,561 115,611 117,879 6,069 7,332 5,748 5,671 5.3 6.2 5.0 4.8

Bremerton-Silverdale

129,201 133,542 129,824 133,210 6,183 7,748 5,988 6,114 4.8 5.8 4.6 4.6

Kennewick-Richland

146,407 153,802 148,060 152,799 9,116 11,399 8,483 8,859 6.2 7.4 5.7 5.8

Longview

48,812 50,793 48,988 50,448 2,939 3,655 2,792 2,917 6.0 7.2 5.7 5.8

Mount Vernon-Anacortes

61,412 63,208 61,712 63,137 3,605 4,201 3,452 3,249 5.9 6.6 5.6 5.1

Olympia-Tumwater

148,563 155,986 149,281 155,789 7,316 9,176 7,125 7,284 4.9 5.9 4.8 4.7

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue

2,220,773 2,272,979 2,217,848 2,285,777 75,457 75,237 70,835 74,039 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2

Spokane-Spokane Valley

288,016 298,539 289,295 295,759 16,247 20,110 15,092 15,616 5.6 6.7 5.2 5.3

Walla Walla

31,821 33,049 32,184 32,850 1,709 2,073 1,525 1,511 5.4 6.3 4.7 4.6

Wenatchee

63,784 66,225 64,821 66,360 3,919 4,774 3,483 3,583 6.1 7.2 5.4 5.4

Yakima

126,573 131,592 128,731 129,081 9,964 12,269 8,594 9,295 7.9 9.3 6.7 7.2

West Virginia

782,675 775,152 779,081 775,712 37,215 28,569 32,730 27,710 4.8 3.7 4.2 3.6

Beckley

44,578 44,833 44,258 45,022 2,211 1,688 1,921 1,689 5.0 3.8 4.3 3.8

Charleston

89,948 87,684 89,354 88,118 4,236 3,093 3,749 3,052 4.7 3.5 4.2 3.5

Huntington-Ashland

144,356 143,945 144,596 144,587 7,017 6,161 6,315 5,771 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.0

Morgantown

71,283 70,447 71,114 70,738 3,009 2,081 2,653 2,043 4.2 3.0 3.7 2.9

Parkersburg-Vienna

38,368 38,247 38,336 38,173 2,096 1,679 1,777 1,530 5.5 4.4 4.6 4.0

Wheeling

60,615 58,918 60,567 59,244 3,611 3,088 3,158 2,871 6.0 5.2 5.2 4.8

Wisconsin

3,081,787 3,068,148 3,087,081 3,075,630 101,659 84,726 96,738 75,789 3.3 2.8 3.1 2.5

Appleton

130,600 131,646 130,721 132,250 3,506 2,687 3,362 2,486 2.7 2.0 2.6 1.9

Eau Claire

93,421 93,657 93,739 93,771 3,135 2,774 3,009 2,523 3.4 3.0 3.2 2.7

Fond du Lac

56,618 56,304 56,680 56,554 1,576 1,280 1,509 1,157 2.8 2.3 2.7 2.0

Green Bay

171,818 173,224 172,169 173,933 5,078 4,247 4,866 3,813 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.2

Janesville-Beloit

85,207 85,568 85,601 86,009 3,289 2,684 3,236 2,465 3.9 3.1 3.8 2.9

La Crosse-Onalaska

76,945 77,671 76,847 77,912 2,188 1,910 2,056 1,654 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.1

Madison

394,159 399,261 393,873 400,493 9,468 7,477 9,036 6,720 2.4 1.9 2.3 1.7

Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis

803,253 793,553 805,318 795,554 26,917 21,546 25,546 19,578 3.4 2.7 3.2 2.5

Oshkosh-Neenah

91,627 92,082 91,638 92,358 2,359 1,920 2,324 1,744 2.6 2.1 2.5 1.9

Racine

97,662 97,639 97,486 97,845 3,948 3,254 3,699 2,809 4.0 3.3 3.8 2.9

Sheboygan

60,548 61,004 60,672 61,204 1,569 1,248 1,520 1,096 2.6 2.0 2.5 1.8

Wausau

73,479 72,928 73,669 73,123 2,023 1,657 1,930 1,540 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.1

Wyoming

286,831 296,422 289,284 299,173 11,156 11,758 10,803 12,244 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.1

Casper

38,400 40,422 38,966 40,736 1,734 1,727 1,683 1,828 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.5

Cheyenne

48,914 50,394 49,143 50,530 1,840 1,968 1,744 1,988 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.9

Puerto Rico

1,216,754 1,206,059 1,209,927 1,192,916 73,325 71,524 70,142 69,481 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.8

Aguadilla-Isabela

98,021 99,672 97,027 98,308 8,013 8,585 7,475 7,896 8.2 8.6 7.7 8.0

Arecibo

59,569 59,332 58,980 58,172 5,159 4,635 4,889 3,981 8.7 7.8 8.3 6.8

Guayama

21,651 21,490 21,517 21,157 1,648 1,779 1,606 1,684 7.6 8.3 7.5 8.0

Mayaguez

30,737 30,838 30,743 30,753 2,103 1,908 2,033 2,035 6.8 6.2 6.6 6.6

Ponce

101,193 102,000 100,549 100,510 7,914 9,061 7,441 8,346 7.8 8.9 7.4 8.3

San German

38,301 38,689 38,454 38,558 3,006 2,943 2,876 2,922 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.6

San Juan-Carolina-Caguas

820,387 808,673 816,398 800,636 41,767 38,594 40,418 38,943 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.9

Footnotes
(1) For operational reasons, these interstate areas are listed under the state that accounts for the larger share of the population, which is different from the state that contains the first principal city.
(2) The area boundary does not reflect the Office of Management and Budget delineation.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area delineations are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Areas in the six New England states are Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs), while areas in other states are county-based. Some metropolitan areas lie in two or more states. They are listed under the state containing the first principal city, unless otherwise footnoted. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state, selected metropolitan area, and metropolitan division(1)
State, area, and division Civilian labor force Unemployed
February March Number Percent of labor force
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) February March February March
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) 2022 2023 2022 2023(p)

California

19,292,418 19,470,575 19,307,448 19,498,333 965,748 943,946 867,452 937,793 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

6,655,059 6,649,192 6,641,930 6,644,044 351,849 318,656 313,425 305,631 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.6

Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine

1,589,672 1,607,657 1,590,900 1,609,946 59,160 55,120 52,860 54,510 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.4

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale

5,065,387 5,041,535 5,051,030 5,034,098 292,689 263,536 260,565 251,121 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.0

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward

2,525,056 2,558,833 2,535,896 2,561,982 89,875 87,481 80,071 87,482 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.4

Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley

1,377,518 1,388,359 1,382,290 1,388,833 55,158 53,480 49,104 53,472 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.9

San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco

1,016,451 1,038,426 1,021,840 1,041,182 30,667 29,837 27,333 29,921 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9

San Rafael

131,087 132,048 131,766 131,967 4,050 4,164 3,634 4,089 3.1 3.2 2.8 3.1

District of Columbia

387,107 392,256 388,830 391,961 21,593 19,196 19,865 19,963 5.6 4.9 5.1 5.1

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria(2)

3,400,815 3,466,137 3,422,906 3,502,973 109,261 101,191 104,479 93,332 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.7

Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville(3)

679,386 688,141 682,499 694,304 22,443 18,265 20,714 13,842 3.3 2.7 3.0 2.0

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria(2)

2,721,429 2,777,996 2,740,407 2,808,669 86,818 82,926 83,765 79,490 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.8

Florida

10,620,017 10,942,733 10,655,670 11,027,163 345,408 274,937 316,855 281,394 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.6

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach

3,179,035 3,237,543 3,167,791 3,254,519 98,792 70,207 93,948 72,798 3.1 2.2 3.0 2.2

Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach

1,053,487 1,070,001 1,056,976 1,081,132 34,918 26,807 31,397 27,362 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.5

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall

1,372,977 1,398,892 1,353,913 1,398,354 39,657 23,597 40,617 25,066 2.9 1.7 3.0 1.8

West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

752,571 768,650 756,902 775,033 24,217 19,803 21,934 20,370 3.2 2.6 2.9 2.6

Illinois

6,463,046 6,451,815 6,484,826 6,446,508 329,505 292,557 301,708 279,007 5.1 4.5 4.7 4.3

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin(2)

4,964,380 4,954,191 4,965,968 4,952,236 252,425 216,117 224,956 212,881 5.1 4.4 4.5 4.3

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights

3,862,717 3,854,835 3,856,844 3,845,379 194,672 156,699 171,182 156,387 5.0 4.1 4.4 4.1

Elgin

316,614 316,784 319,981 316,970 17,719 18,626 17,195 16,822 5.6 5.9 5.4 5.3

Gary(3)

335,085 336,006 335,342 340,690 17,450 16,616 14,683 17,090 5.2 4.9 4.4 5.0

Lake County-Kenosha County(2)

449,964 446,566 453,801 449,197 22,584 24,176 21,896 22,582 5.0 5.4 4.8 5.0

Massachusetts

3,752,740 3,763,398 3,761,694 3,739,104 162,389 158,937 147,168 144,316 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.9

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua(2)

2,793,558 2,804,849 2,800,182 2,791,347 104,706 102,849 96,144 94,587 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.4

Boston-Cambridge-Newton

1,674,384 1,681,142 1,678,792 1,675,940 58,579 57,961 54,200 53,040 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2

Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton

109,771 110,114 109,703 109,377 5,482 5,234 4,895 5,205 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.8

Framingham

157,972 158,329 158,487 157,507 5,612 5,677 5,204 5,171 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.3

Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury Town(2)

116,343 116,669 116,888 116,081 4,450 4,363 4,056 4,027 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5

Lawrence-Methuen Town-Salem(2)

99,041 99,638 98,943 98,687 5,530 5,432 4,927 4,839 5.6 5.5 5.0 4.9

Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford(2)

195,900 195,544 196,167 193,758 7,973 7,781 7,244 7,097 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.7

Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead

85,088 85,449 85,124 84,848 4,097 3,782 3,694 3,498 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.1

Nashua(2)

176,178 178,068 176,820 176,305 5,026 4,935 4,686 4,410 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5

Peabody-Salem-Beverly

92,750 93,556 92,856 93,123 3,636 3,531 3,360 3,361 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6

Taunton-Middleborough-Norton

86,131 86,340 86,402 85,721 4,321 4,153 3,878 3,939 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.6

Michigan

4,801,422 4,839,421 4,833,263 4,869,939 236,630 220,655 216,189 198,780 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.1

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

2,113,536 2,089,502 2,120,992 2,117,808 101,541 78,658 90,431 60,070 4.8 3.8 4.3 2.8

Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia

795,333 784,477 795,265 793,474 48,929 34,721 40,971 26,518 6.2 4.4 5.2 3.3

Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills

1,318,203 1,305,025 1,325,725 1,324,333 52,612 43,938 49,459 33,551 4.0 3.4 3.7 2.5

New York

9,594,922 9,663,959 9,626,570 9,688,007 516,107 431,189 453,168 391,974 5.4 4.5 4.7 4.0

New York-Newark-Jersey City(2)

10,163,600 10,345,523 10,207,670 10,376,007 565,078 460,318 494,828 426,086 5.6 4.4 4.8 4.1

Dutchess County-Putnam County

195,932 192,840 197,573 193,923 7,165 6,306 6,348 5,506 3.7 3.3 3.2 2.8

Nassau County-Suffolk County

1,500,049 1,517,327 1,517,721 1,533,641 55,771 49,860 48,961 44,205 3.7 3.3 3.2 2.9

Newark(3)

1,287,959 1,328,835 1,296,134 1,330,019 65,506 55,557 57,359 52,793 5.1 4.2 4.4 4.0

New York-Jersey City-White Plains(2)

7,179,660 7,306,521 7,196,242 7,318,424 436,636 348,595 382,160 323,582 6.1 4.8 5.3 4.4

Pennsylvania

6,421,513 6,477,774 6,455,943 6,469,404 299,996 300,207 279,813 242,468 4.7 4.6 4.3 3.7

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington(2)

3,188,949 3,243,754 3,210,774 3,251,693 145,431 136,565 133,596 116,628 4.6 4.2 4.2 3.6

Camden(3)

675,463 693,730 679,515 697,671 33,221 28,153 28,682 26,235 4.9 4.1 4.2 3.8

Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County

1,097,249 1,114,410 1,107,369 1,114,775 39,914 40,447 37,744 32,180 3.6 3.6 3.4 2.9

Philadelphia

1,025,966 1,044,541 1,031,535 1,043,290 54,161 51,371 50,468 42,538 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.1

Wilmington(3)

390,271 391,073 392,355 395,957 18,135 16,594 16,702 15,675 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.0

Texas

14,613,813 15,045,849 14,633,464 15,118,353 634,693 676,626 552,714 632,500 4.3 4.5 3.8 4.2

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington

4,221,091 4,383,688 4,222,216 4,399,381 163,748 180,561 143,293 170,949 3.9 4.1 3.4 3.9

Dallas-Plano-Irving

2,858,397 2,971,971 2,859,801 2,981,941 109,522 122,114 96,083 115,643 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.9

Fort Worth-Arlington

1,362,694 1,411,717 1,362,415 1,417,440 54,226 58,447 47,210 55,306 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.9

Washington

3,967,866 4,088,845 3,978,514 4,089,386 177,269 201,192 165,858 171,803 4.5 4.9 4.2 4.2

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue

2,220,773 2,272,979 2,217,848 2,285,777 75,457 75,237 70,835 74,039 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett

1,766,616 1,802,474 1,761,857 1,817,068 50,182 44,261 46,500 49,357 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7

Tacoma-Lakewood

454,157 470,505 455,991 468,709 25,275 30,976 24,335 24,682 5.6 6.6 5.3 5.3

Footnotes
(1) These 11 areas contain all of the 38 metropolitan divisions.
(2) Part of the area (or division) is in one or more adjacent states.
(3) All of the division is in one or more adjacent states.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Area delineations are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Areas in the six New England states are Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs), while areas in other states are county-based. Some metropolitan areas lie in two or more states. They are listed under the state containing the first principal city. Metropolitan divisions are listed under their metropolitan areas. Some divisions lie in more than one state, and some, like Camden, NJ, are totally outside the states under which their metropolitan areas are listed. For Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV, the metropolitan area and division titles are identical. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and metropolitan area, not seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
State and area February March Change from
March 2022 to March 2023(p)
2022 2023 2022 2023(p) Number Percent

Alabama

2,089.6 2,133.9 2,090.1 2,137.3 47.2 2.3

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville

46.7 47.4 46.6 47.7 1.1 2.4

Auburn-Opelika

69.2 71.5 68.6 71.4 2.8 4.1

Birmingham-Hoover

552.0 554.5 552.1 556.1 4.0 0.7

Daphne-Fairhope-Foley

82.5 85.7 83.3 86.5 3.2 3.8

Decatur

58.1 59.8 58.1 60.0 1.9 3.3

Dothan

60.8 63.0 61.1 63.0 1.9 3.1

Florence-Muscle Shoals

56.8 57.9 57.6 58.2 0.6 1.0

Gadsden

33.9 33.9 33.8 34.0 0.2 0.6

Huntsville

260.1 269.1 260.5 270.8 10.3 4.0

Mobile

187.3 190.8 187.1 190.9 3.8 2.0

Montgomery

176.5 179.8 175.9 179.9 4.0 2.3

Tuscaloosa

108.9 113.0 108.2 112.9 4.7 4.3


Alaska

305.6 316.3 308.1 316.2 8.1 2.6

Anchorage

169.2 174.1 170.1 173.4 3.3 1.9

Fairbanks

35.0 36.1 35.4 36.5 1.1 3.1


Arizona

3,082.8 3,155.2 3,082.8 3,145.4 62.6 2.0

Flagstaff

66.1 68.0 66.5 68.0 1.5 2.3

Lake Havasu City-Kingman

55.3 55.8 55.4