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Economic News Release
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Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, September 2, 2020		            USDL-20-1648

Technical information:
 Employment:		sminfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/sae
 Unemployment:		lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau
	
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


(NOTE: On September 11, 2020, BLS corrected errors in estimates for not seasonally adjusted
all employees in state government educational services, state government, government,
service-providing, and total nonfarm for California and many of its metropolitan areas.
Seasonally adjusted estimates for all employees and 3-month average change were corrected
at aggregate levels. Tables 3 and 4 in this news release were corrected. In addition, estimates
in the LABSTAT database for April, May, June, and July 2020 were corrected. BLS also corrected
other supplemental materials as listed at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/sae_errata.htm.) 

		
		METROPOLITAN AREA EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- JULY 2020


Unemployment rates were higher in July than a year earlier in all 389 metropolitan areas, the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. A total of seven areas had jobless rates of 
less than 5.0 percent and four areas had rates of at least 20.0 percent. Nonfarm payroll 
employment decreased over the year in 272 metropolitan areas, increased in 1 area, and was 
essentially unchanged in 116 areas. The national unemployment rate in July was 10.5 percent,
not seasonally adjusted, up from 4.0 percent a year earlier.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force 
and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the
national household survey estimates. These data pertain to individuals by where they reside.
The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures nonfarm employment, 
hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by where the
establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical 
methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note.

Metropolitan Area Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

El Centro, CA, had the highest unemployment rate in July, 26.8 percent, followed by Yuma, 
AZ, 24.8 percent, and Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ, 24.0 percent. Logan, UT-ID, and Idaho 
Falls, ID, had the lowest unemployment rates, 2.7 percent and 3.1 percent, respectively. A 
total of 268 areas had July jobless rates below the U.S. rate of 10.5 percent, 116 areas
had rates above it, and 5 areas had rates equal to that of the nation. (See table 1.)

The largest over-the-year unemployment rate increases in July occurred in Atlantic City-
Hammonton, NJ (+19.0 percentage points), and Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI (+18.7 points). 
Rates rose over the year by at least 10.0 percentage points in an additional 15 areas. The 
smallest jobless rate increase from a year earlier occurred in Logan, UT-ID (+0.3 percentage
point).

Of the 51 metropolitan areas with a 2010 Census population of 1 million or more, Los 
Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA, had the highest unemployment rate in July, 16.8 percent, 
followed by Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV, and New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA, 
16.4 percent each. Salt Lake City, UT, had the lowest jobless rate among the large areas,
5.3 percent. All 51 large areas had over-the-year unemployment rate increases, the largest
of which were in Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH (+12.6 percentage points), New York-Newark-
Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (+12.4 points), and Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (+12.3 points).
The smallest rate increase occurred in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN (+2.0 percentage
points).

Metropolitan Division Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

Eleven of the most populous metropolitan areas are made up of 38 metropolitan divisions,
which are essentially separately identifiable employment centers. In July, Lawrence-Methuen
Town-Salem, MA-NH, had the highest unemployment rate among the divisions, 21.4 percent. 
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD, had the lowest division rate, 7.3 percent. (See 
table 2.)

In July, all 38 metropolitan divisions had over-the-year unemployment rate increases, the
largest of which was in Lawrence-Methuen Town-Salem, MA-NH (+17.3 percentage points). The
smallest rate increase occurred in Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX (+3.8 percentage points). 

Metropolitan Area Nonfarm Employment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In July, 272 metropolitan areas had over-the-year decreases in nonfarm payroll employment, 1
had an increase, and 116 were essentially unchanged. The largest over-the-year employment
decreases occurred in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (-1,354,700), Los Angeles-Long
Beach-Anaheim, CA (-625,100), and Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (-396,000). The largest
over-the-year percentage losses in employment occurred in Ocean City, NJ (-29.7 percent),
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI (-27.6 percent), and Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ, and Barnstable
Town, MA (-19.9 percent each). Employment increased in Idaho Falls, ID (+4,000, or +5.6 percent).
(See table 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm employment declined in all of the 51 metropolitan areas with a 2010
Census population of 1 million or more. The largest over-the-year percentage decreases in 
employment in these large metropolitan areas occurred in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA
(-13.6 percent), Rochester, NY (-13.0 percent), and Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV (-12.6
percent). 

Metropolitan Division Nonfarm Employment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In July, nonfarm payroll employment decreased in all of the 38 metropolitan divisions over the
year. The largest over-the-year decrease in employment among the metropolitan divisions occurred
in New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ (-1,026,700), followed by Los Angeles-Long Beach-
Glendale, CA (-424,300), and Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL (-311,900). (See table 4.)

The largest over-the-year percentage decreases in employment occurred in Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead,
MA (-16.2 percent), Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury Town, MA-NH (-14.8 percent), and New York-Jersey
City-White Plains, NY-NJ (-14.2 percent). 

_____________
The State Employment and Unemployment news release for August is scheduled to be released on
Friday, September 18, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The Metropolitan Area Employment and 
Unemployment news release for August is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, September 30,
2020, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											     |
|		      Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on July 2020		     |
|			   Establishment and Household Survey Data			     |
|											     |
| BLS has continued to review all estimation and methodological procedures for the           |
| establishment survey, which included the review of data, estimation processes, the         |
| application of the birth-death model, and seasonal adjustment. Business births and deaths  |
| cannot be adequately captured by the establishment survey as they occur. Therefore, the    |
| Current Employment Statistics (CES) program uses a model to account for the relatively     |
| stable net employment change generated by business births and deaths. Due to the impact of |
| COVID-19, the relationship between business births and deaths is no longer stable.         |
| Typically, reports with zero employment are not included in estimation. For the June final |
| and July preliminary estimates, CES included a portion of these reports in the estimates   |
| and made modifications to the birth-death model. In addition for both months, the	     |
| establishment survey included a portion of the reports that returned to reporting positive |
| employment from reporting zero employment. For more information, see 			     |
| www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbd.htm.							     |
|											     |
| In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of |
| the pay period including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were  |
| not actually at their jobs. Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their   |
| jobs and are not being paid are not counted as employed, even if they are continuing to    |
| receive benefits. The length of the reference period does vary across the respondents in   |
| the establishment survey; one-third of businesses have a weekly pay period, slightly over  |
| 40 percent a bi-weekly, about 20 percent semi-monthly, and a small amount monthly.	     |
|											     |
| For the July 2020 estimates of household employment and unemployment from the Local Area   |
| Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program, BLS continued to implement level-shift outliers in |
| the employment and/or unemployment inputs to the state models, based on statistical        |
| evaluation of movements in each area's inputs. Both the Current Population Survey inputs,  |
| which serve as the primary inputs to the LAUS models, and the nonfarm payroll employment   |
| and unemployment insurance claims covariates were examined for outliers. The resulting     |
| implementation of level shifts preserved movements in the published estimates that the     |
| models otherwise would have discounted, without requiring changes to how the models create |
| estimates at other points in the time series.						     |
|											     |
| The "Frequently asked questions" document at 						     |
| www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-july-2020.htm extensively discusses   |
| the impact of a misclassification in the household survey on the national estimates for    |
| July 2020. Despite the considerable decline in its degree relative to prior months, this   |
| misclassification continued to be widespread geographically, with BLS analysis indicating  |
| that most states again were affected to at least some extent. However, according to usual  |
| practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain data    |
| integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses. Hence, the          |
| household survey estimates of employed and unemployed people that serve as the primary     |
| inputs to the state models were affected to varying degrees by the misclassification,      |
| which in turn affected the official LAUS estimates for July 2020. Similar 		     |
| misclassifications had occurred in the household survey from March through June (see       |
| www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-and-response-on-the-employment-situation- |
| news-release.htm#summaries).								     |
|											     |
| Household data for substate areas are controlled to the employment and unemployment totals |
| for their respective model-based areas. Hence, the preliminary July and revised June       |
| estimates for substate areas reflect the use of level-shift outliers, where implemented,   |
| in the inputs for their model-based control areas. The substate area estimates for both    |
| months also were impacted by misclassification in the household survey, in proportion to   |
| the impacts of the misclassifications on the data for their model-based control areas.     |
|											     |
| Household data for Puerto Rico are not modeled, but rather are derived from a monthly      |
| household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. The Puerto Rico Department of   |
| Labor has reported a misclassification in its household survey since May 2020 similar in   |
| nature to the misclassification in the Current Population Survey, which has affected the   |
| local area data proportionally.							     |
|____________________________________________________________________________________________|




Technical Note
 
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data from the
Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1 and 2) for 389
metropolitan statistical areas and metropolitan New England City and Town Areas
(NECTAs), plus 7 areas in Puerto Rico. Estimates for 38 metropolitan and NECTA
divisions also are presented. Nonfarm payroll employment estimates from the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4) are provided for
the same areas. State estimates were previously published in the news release
State Employment and Unemployment, and are republished in this news release for
ease of reference. The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the
same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates
obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households
that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed persons and unemployed persons on a
place-of-residence basis.  The universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older. Employed persons are those who did any work
at all for pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including the
12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or
farm, plus those not working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent,
whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor-management dispute, illness, or
vacation. Unemployed persons are those who were not employed during the reference
week (based on the definition above), had actively looked for a job sometime in the
4-week period ending with the reference week, and were currently available for work;
persons on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for states, the District of Columbia, the Los
Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division, and New York City are produced
using time-series models with real-time benchmarking to national CPS totals. Model-
based estimates are also produced for the following areas and their respective
balances: the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division;
Cleveland-Elyria, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area; Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
Metropolitan Statistical Area; Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL Metropolitan Division;
and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division. Modeling improves the
statistical basis of the estimation for these areas and provides important tools
for analysis, such as measures of errors and seasonally adjusted series. For all
other substate areas in this news release, estimates are prepared through indirect
estimation procedures using a building-block approach.  Estimates of employed
persons, which are based largely on “place of work” estimates from the CES program,
are adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Unemployment
estimates are aggregates of persons previously employed in industries covered by
state unemployment insurance (UI) laws and entrants to the labor force from the
CPS. The substate estimates of employment and unemployment, which geographically
exhaust the entire state, are adjusted proportionally to ensure that they add to
the independently estimated model-based area totals. A detailed description of the
estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request.

   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data shown for the prior
year reflect adjustments made at the beginning of each year, usually implemented with
the issuance of January estimates. The adjusted model-based estimates typically reflect
updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in other input
data sources, and model re-estimation. All substate estimates then are re-estimated
using updated inputs and adjusted to add to the revised model-based totals.  In early
2015, a new generation of time-series models was implemented, resulting in the
replacement of data back to the series beginnings. At the same time, enhancements were
made to the substate estimation methodology, and more timely inputs from the American
Community Survey were incorporated.

Employment--from the CES program 

   Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive
pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are
counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing
on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the
basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North
American Industry Classification System.

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several
estimation procedures. Where possible these data are produced using a "weighted link
relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current-month weighted employment
to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current
month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month's employment
estimates. The weighted link relative technique is utilized for data series where the
sample size meets certain statistical criteria.

   For some employment series, the sample of establishments is very small or highly
variable. In these cases, a model-based approach is used in estimation. These models
use the direct sample estimates (described above), combined with forecasts of historical
(benchmarked) data to decrease volatility in estimation. Two different models
(Fay-Herriot Model and Small Domain Model) are used depending on the industry level
being estimated. For more detailed information about each model, refer to the BLS
Handbook of Methods.

   Annual revisions.  Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count
of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by
employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark
information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the
preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month.
Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used
to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted for states,
metropolitan areas, and metropolitan divisions at the total nonfarm level. For states,
data are seasonally adjusted at the supersector level as well. Revisions to historical
data for the most recent 5 years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark
adjustments.

   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available
estimates including those for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.
Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for the current month's preliminary
estimate as well as the previous month's final estimate in order to incorporate real-time
estimates. 

Reliability of the estimates

   The estimates presented in this news release are based on sample surveys, administrative data,
and modeling and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error
is a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a
sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to
nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and
processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to
additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used. The sums of
individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of
rounding.

Use of error measures

   Civilian labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not
available for metropolitan areas or metropolitan divisions. Model-based error measures for
states are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/laus/lastderr.htm. Measures of
nonsampling error are not available for the areas contained in this news release. Information
on recent data revisions for states and local areas is available online at
www.bls.gov/lau/launews1.htm.

   Employment estimates. Changes in metropolitan area nonfarm payroll employment are cited
in the analysis of this news release only if they have been determined to be statistically
significant at the 90-percent confidence level.  Measures of sampling error for the total
nonfarm employment series are available for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions
at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of sampling error for more detailed series
at the area and division level are available upon request. Measures of sampling error for
states  at the supersector level and for the private service-providing, goods-producing,
total private and total nonfarm levels are available on the BLS website at 
www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Information on recent benchmark revisions
is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/benchmark.pdf.

Area definitions

   The substate area data published in this news release reflect the delineations issued by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. Data reflect New England City and
Town Area (NECTA) definitions, rather than county-based definitions, in the six New England
States. A detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at
www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm.

Additional information

   Estimates of unadjusted and seasonally adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment
data for states and seven substate areas are available in the news release State Employment
and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment for all states,
metropolitan areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other areas
used in the administration of various federal economic assistance programs are available
on the Internet at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program are available on
the BLS website at www.bls.gov/sae/.

   Information in this news release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals
upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 




LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area
State and area Civilian labor force Unemployed
June July Number Percent of labor force
2019 2020 2019 2020(p) June July June July
2019 2020 2019 2020(p) 2019 2020 2019 2020(p)

Alabama

2,246,030 2,201,446 2,245,474 2,237,001 73,570 174,813 69,916 182,321 3.3 7.9 3.1 8.2

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville

46,355 44,000 46,131 44,794 1,784 4,112 1,661 4,237 3.8 9.3 3.6 9.5

Auburn-Opelika

75,926 72,148 76,138 73,662 2,327 5,308 2,129 5,299 3.1 7.4 2.8 7.2

Birmingham-Hoover

554,770 540,904 555,589 548,020 16,372 40,436 15,381 42,552 3.0 7.5 2.8 7.8

Daphne-Fairhope-Foley

99,811 97,972 99,665 98,935 2,799 7,125 2,544 7,281 2.8 7.3 2.6 7.4

Decatur

72,755 68,940 72,575 70,097 2,147 4,368 2,008 4,493 3.0 6.3 2.8 6.4

Dothan

64,481 62,378 64,851 63,724 2,146 4,375 1,975 4,513 3.3 7.0 3.0 7.1

Florence-Muscle Shoals

66,072 63,661 66,343 64,538 2,556 5,022 2,481 5,036 3.9 7.9 3.7 7.8

Gadsden

42,958 40,566 42,549 41,195 1,595 3,924 1,484 4,123 3.7 9.7 3.5 10.0

Huntsville

228,912 221,899 228,952 222,811 6,548 14,100 6,095 14,144 2.9 6.4 2.7 6.3

Mobile

189,001 187,486 188,081 190,693 7,554 21,426 7,387 23,356 4.0 11.4 3.9 12.2

Montgomery

173,806 170,172 173,392 173,266 5,523 16,080 5,267 17,385 3.2 9.4 3.0 10.0

Tuscaloosa

117,757 115,135 117,408 117,847 3,902 10,348 3,728 10,632 3.3 9.0 3.2 9.0

Alaska

355,191 350,803 359,113 351,838 22,261 43,221 20,150 38,096 6.3 12.3 5.6 10.8

Anchorage

194,887 195,933 193,776 192,316 11,328 23,992 10,244 21,226 5.8 12.2 5.3 11.0

Fairbanks

44,424 43,811 45,041 45,158 2,420 4,585 2,220 4,025 5.4 10.5 4.9 8.9

Arizona

3,542,293 3,511,432 3,550,152 3,563,645 178,750 361,607 180,844 389,677 5.0 10.3 5.1 10.9

Flagstaff

78,032 70,331 77,592 70,052 4,594 9,386 4,635 9,549 5.9 13.3 6.0 13.6

Lake Havasu City-Kingman

88,783 86,439 88,808 88,011 5,233 10,984 5,215 11,030 5.9 12.7 5.9 12.5

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale

2,490,205 2,479,436 2,502,385 2,519,889 109,300 242,081 109,076 259,967 4.4 9.8 4.4 10.3

Prescott

108,141 108,470 107,835 109,029 5,097 10,010 5,043 10,467 4.7 9.2 4.7 9.6

Sierra Vista-Douglas

50,239 50,825 49,803 51,794 3,039 4,470 3,043 4,805 6.0 8.8 6.1 9.3

Tucson

497,736 496,222 498,093 500,543 23,677 49,184 23,748 52,789 4.8 9.9 4.8 10.5

Yuma

96,187 92,547 98,365 98,174 18,137 20,349 20,097 24,371 18.9 22.0 20.4 24.8

Arkansas

1,376,830 1,331,793 1,379,283 1,322,768 52,458 111,111 56,737 98,992 3.8 8.3 4.1 7.5

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers

280,387 274,511 284,839 274,123 7,694 17,641 8,530 15,602 2.7 6.4 3.0 5.7

Fort Smith

120,421 115,425 120,296 115,571 4,690 8,575 4,774 8,305 3.9 7.4 4.0 7.2

Hot Springs

41,985 41,219 42,818 41,575 1,690 4,495 1,826 3,990 4.0 10.9 4.3 9.6

Jonesboro

66,185 65,227 67,235 65,692 2,138 5,088 2,307 4,413 3.2 7.8 3.4 6.7

Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway

362,917 349,496 366,061 345,941 12,176 31,464 13,706 28,620 3.4 9.0 3.7 8.3

Pine Bluff

35,190 34,293 35,418 33,690 2,019 3,297 2,132 3,135 5.7 9.6 6.0 9.3

California

19,325,538 18,928,353 19,465,613 18,885,235 794,837 2,852,147 857,771 2,591,029 4.1 15.1 4.4 13.7

Bakersfield

390,954 375,049 384,070 370,022 31,102 65,477 32,518 61,191 8.0 17.5 8.5 16.5

Chico

97,541 93,734 97,842 93,223 5,242 11,440 5,461 10,372 5.4 12.2 5.6 11.1

El Centro

71,901 73,161 70,275 71,499 13,142 20,079 14,224 19,152 18.3 27.4 20.2 26.8

Fresno

451,786 450,021 451,656 447,392 31,743 65,152 32,696 60,354 7.0 14.5 7.2 13.5

Hanford-Corcoran

57,229 57,031 57,888 56,513 4,542 8,195 4,499 7,406 7.9 14.4 7.8 13.1

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

6,692,809 6,519,105 6,756,753 6,518,559 274,997 1,183,160 306,734 1,091,896 4.1 18.1 4.5 16.8

Madera

62,281 62,205 61,042 60,808 4,265 8,641 4,413 7,909 6.8 13.9 7.2 13.0

Merced

115,242 114,591 112,782 112,344 9,336 17,888 9,425 16,329 8.1 15.6 8.4 14.5

Modesto

242,761 236,496 244,386 236,000 15,409 35,387 15,785 32,175 6.3 15.0 6.5 13.6

Napa

75,059 73,298 75,942 72,681 2,067 9,254 2,234 7,579 2.8 12.6 2.9 10.4

Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura

421,387 412,869 422,938 412,170 15,163 51,884 16,388 46,419 3.6 12.6 3.9 11.3

Redding

74,445 72,702 73,839 71,688 3,402 8,348 3,531 7,544 4.6 11.5 4.8 10.5

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario

2,055,848 2,059,311 2,074,443 2,056,551 87,191 294,027 94,788 275,444 4.2 14.3 4.6 13.4

Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade

1,096,850 1,087,766 1,105,826 1,086,300 40,851 139,214 43,517 125,374 3.7 12.8 3.9 11.5

Salinas

231,689 203,516 231,408 198,393 11,019 29,306 10,872 23,992 4.8 14.4 4.7 12.1

San Diego-Carlsbad

1,582,682 1,584,423 1,595,803 1,576,739 52,870 219,345 56,736 193,994 3.3 13.8 3.6 12.3

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward

2,574,357 2,515,621 2,606,919 2,518,800 70,861 316,885 75,680 279,148 2.8 12.6 2.9 11.1

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara

1,081,065 1,068,607 1,092,797 1,067,767 29,140 114,940 30,832 100,204 2.7 10.8 2.8 9.4

San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande

142,111 132,859 140,314 131,237 4,239 15,230 4,523 13,026 3.0 11.5 3.2 9.9

Santa Cruz-Watsonville

144,904 132,288 144,340 130,015 6,112 17,356 6,215 14,552 4.2 13.1 4.3 11.2

Santa Maria-Santa Barbara

221,045 213,557 220,335 215,167 7,528 24,663 8,002 21,449 3.4 11.5 3.6 10.0

Santa Rosa

256,989 252,242 260,892 252,982 7,215 29,356 7,682 24,720 2.8 11.6 2.9 9.8

Stockton-Lodi

327,178 327,409 327,810 322,382 19,020 51,783 20,168 47,650 5.8 15.8 6.2 14.8

Vallejo-Fairfield

209,064 203,712 209,831 203,209 8,063 27,646 8,564 25,139 3.9 13.6 4.1 12.4

Visalia-Porterville

205,888 195,252 202,033 191,143 18,839 33,379 20,084 30,909 9.2 17.1 9.9 16.2

Yuba City

75,878 71,946 76,246 70,719 4,998 10,578 5,010 9,559 6.6 14.7 6.6 13.5

Colorado

3,162,311 3,197,104 3,171,847 3,102,029 92,508 343,630 85,711 228,922 2.9 10.7 2.7 7.4

Boulder

195,857 198,765 196,219 189,458 5,160 19,001 4,606 12,583 2.6 9.6 2.3 6.6

Colorado Springs

357,736 366,045 356,534 355,801 12,490 38,484 12,003 24,549 3.5 10.5 3.4 6.9

Denver-Aurora-Lakewood

1,690,123 1,719,264 1,688,814 1,676,146 47,514 190,980 44,060 131,076 2.8 11.1 2.6 7.8

Fort Collins

207,215 209,794 206,484 198,761 5,245 19,398 4,578 12,261 2.5 9.2 2.2 6.2

Grand Junction

76,133 79,237 76,401 76,353 2,759 8,034 2,664 5,306 3.6 10.1 3.5 6.9

Greeley

168,997 170,164 170,232 165,644 4,713 17,229 4,352 11,988 2.8 10.1 2.6 7.2

Pueblo

76,305 77,445 75,745 74,759 3,255 8,452 3,262 5,904 4.3 10.9 4.3 7.9

Connecticut

1,925,633 1,896,444 1,945,070 1,929,934 74,192 192,941 75,777 198,522 3.9 10.2 3.9 10.3

Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk

473,156 456,240 477,495 465,712 18,498 48,338 18,482 49,575 3.9 10.6 3.9 10.6

Danbury

108,232 105,732 109,699 108,110 3,501 9,792 3,551 9,742 3.2 9.3 3.2 9.0

Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford

630,127 630,583 636,440 641,603 24,311 62,127 25,245 64,493 3.9 9.9 4.0 10.1

New Haven

329,978 330,017 332,738 333,969 12,541 30,670 12,839 32,358 3.8 9.3 3.9 9.7

Norwich-New London-Westerly

144,539 141,188 146,728 143,400 5,340 18,711 5,470 17,712 3.7 13.3 3.7 12.4

Waterbury

112,484 110,744 113,305 112,782 5,215 12,697 5,413 13,449 4.6 11.5 4.8 11.9

Delaware

490,751 490,453 492,940 510,905 19,899 63,184 20,243 54,170 4.1 12.9 4.1 10.6

Dover

79,134 83,141 79,191 86,412 3,745 11,634 3,916 9,973 4.7 14.0 4.9 11.5

Salisbury(1)

204,404 195,578 206,884 202,671 8,566 20,874 8,387 17,375 4.2 10.7 4.1 8.6

District of Columbia

412,636 396,821 416,468 399,066 24,062 36,049 24,138 35,347 5.8 9.1 5.8 8.9

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria

3,489,162 3,442,338 3,527,506 3,453,634 115,882 286,709 116,169 271,924 3.3 8.3 3.3 7.9

Florida

10,318,834 9,769,147 10,372,151 10,032,703 344,231 1,027,965 350,600 1,157,494 3.3 10.5 3.4 11.5

Cape Coral-Fort Myers

344,466 329,431 345,699 333,436 11,891 31,644 11,820 35,740 3.5 9.6 3.4 10.7

Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin

132,666 121,304 133,459 123,185 3,770 7,700 3,750 8,651 2.8 6.3 2.8 7.0

Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach

301,711 287,355 303,220 294,054 11,386 27,315 11,362 30,840 3.8 9.5 3.7 10.5

Gainesville

143,534 133,152 144,711 136,172 4,779 8,602 4,946 10,274 3.3 6.5 3.4 7.5

Homosassa Springs

47,675 45,532 46,672 45,131 2,445 4,484 2,455 5,065 5.1 9.8 5.3 11.2

Jacksonville

787,160 746,406 794,262 765,557 26,777 57,896 27,522 66,995 3.4 7.8 3.5 8.8

Lakeland-Winter Haven

305,166 303,137 306,720 304,430 12,214 41,289 12,602 40,238 4.0 13.6 4.1 13.2

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach

3,144,322 2,951,277 3,165,320 3,038,739 93,941 336,984 96,275 402,316 3.0 11.4 3.0 13.2

Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island

175,950 167,548 175,679 170,348 5,867 15,805 6,260 17,764 3.3 9.4 3.6 10.4

North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton

368,704 346,728 367,810 351,274 12,399 29,376 12,396 33,163 3.4 8.5 3.4 9.4

Ocala

137,956 133,762 138,538 137,147 5,736 11,051 5,689 12,790 4.2 8.3 4.1 9.3

Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford

1,364,425 1,287,034 1,374,139 1,353,072 43,960 207,450 44,835 206,554 3.2 16.1 3.3 15.3

Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville

285,268 275,374 287,648 281,541 9,696 22,643 9,745 25,996 3.4 8.2 3.4 9.2

Panama City

92,381 85,324 92,427 86,741 3,601 5,847 3,476 6,653 3.9 6.9 3.8 7.7

Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent

229,761 213,669 232,397 221,910 7,758 15,625 7,911 18,839 3.4 7.3 3.4 8.5

Port St. Lucie

219,042 210,952 219,356 213,040 8,719 19,102 8,906 21,678 4.0 9.1 4.1 10.2

Punta Gorda

71,458 68,811 71,184 70,312 2,775 6,238 2,748 7,059 3.9 9.1 3.9 10.0

Sebastian-Vero Beach

65,296 61,612 65,378 63,135 2,707 5,690 2,800 6,535 4.1 9.2 4.3 10.4

Sebring

36,110 34,748 35,501 35,124 1,768 3,096 1,820 3,626 4.9 8.9 5.1 10.3

Tallahassee

192,252 178,192 193,756 181,584 6,747 12,405 7,076 15,234 3.5 7.0 3.7 8.4

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

1,554,392 1,485,174 1,562,931 1,520,131 52,744 133,830 53,288 154,033 3.4 9.0 3.4 10.1

The Villages

32,753 31,064 32,201 31,644 1,637 2,918 1,552 3,166 5.0 9.4 4.8 10.0

Georgia

5,101,635 4,936,947 5,126,399 5,018,467 193,000 392,596 196,151 400,197 3.8 8.0 3.8 8.0

Albany

66,302 63,657 66,482 65,019 3,152 5,136 3,108 5,625 4.8 8.1 4.7 8.7

Athens-Clarke County

97,409 94,333 97,904 95,170 3,695 6,297 3,629 6,289 3.8 6.7 3.7 6.6

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell

3,088,537 2,992,218 3,105,869 3,053,798 111,677 258,085 111,222 260,701 3.6 8.6 3.6 8.5

Augusta-Richmond County

268,204 260,030 268,368 262,867 10,685 18,567 10,908 19,306 4.0 7.1 4.1 7.3

Brunswick

53,192 46,027 53,589 47,141 1,949 3,642 1,950 3,706 3.7 7.9 3.6 7.9

Columbus

123,369 117,395 123,143 119,373 5,450 10,216 5,506 10,118 4.4 8.7 4.5 8.5

Dalton

58,826 55,970 59,311 56,724 2,653 4,232 2,863 4,489 4.5 7.6 4.8 7.9

Gainesville

101,625 97,315 102,131 98,773 3,199 5,584 3,190 5,548 3.1 5.7 3.1 5.6

Hinesville

33,879 33,465 34,328 33,990 1,449 2,156 1,472 2,224 4.3 6.4 4.3 6.5

Macon-Bibb County

102,942 97,613 103,236 99,713 4,292 7,489 4,319 8,080 4.2 7.7 4.2 8.1

Rome

43,887 44,021 44,436 44,138 1,752 3,070 2,083 3,134 4.0 7.0 4.7 7.1

Savannah

189,824 181,786 190,258 184,218 6,656 15,647 6,650 15,539 3.5 8.6 3.5 8.4

Valdosta

63,309 61,434 63,497 62,302 2,481 4,036 2,473 4,459 3.9 6.6 3.9 7.2

Warner Robins

86,516 80,846 86,356 81,429 3,310 5,008 3,279 5,097 3.8 6.2 3.8 6.3

Hawaii

665,587 633,171 667,217 638,063 22,078 88,201 18,429 83,293 3.3 13.9 2.8 13.1

Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina

87,202 82,147 87,789 82,486 2,710 17,751 2,264 17,589 3.1 21.6 2.6 21.3

Urban Honolulu

450,087 426,792 450,177 432,741 14,402 51,866 11,749 47,852 3.2 12.2 2.6 11.1

Idaho

891,130 905,361 895,029 912,822 23,779 49,489 24,218 42,843 2.7 5.5 2.7 4.7

Boise City

378,088 389,368 380,137 392,137 10,106 22,745 10,296 20,071 2.7 5.8 2.7 5.1

Coeur d'Alene

81,852 80,744 82,244 80,708 2,379 5,588 2,379 4,820 2.9 6.9 2.9 6.0

Idaho Falls

73,476 77,465 73,631 77,992 1,585 2,852 1,593 2,404 2.2 3.7 2.2 3.1

Lewiston

31,385 29,852 31,425 30,369 934 1,558 980 1,612 3.0 5.2 3.1 5.3

Pocatello

42,500 40,977 42,646 40,858 1,123 2,055 1,370 1,855 2.6 5.0 3.2 4.5

Twin Falls

53,971 54,422 54,175 54,950 1,408 2,738 1,400 2,417 2.6 5.0 2.6 4.4

Illinois

6,517,399 6,569,589 6,534,712 6,314,164 267,575 957,765 276,947 715,559 4.1 14.6 4.2 11.3

Bloomington

94,703 90,915 95,224 89,433 3,627 9,591 3,908 7,136 3.8 10.5 4.1 8.0

Carbondale-Marion

58,579 59,137 59,841 58,094 2,378 7,279 2,568 5,361 4.1 12.3 4.3 9.2

Champaign-Urbana

119,703 118,505 120,871 117,239 4,660 12,061 5,067 9,289 3.9 10.2 4.2 7.9

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin

4,930,924 5,012,431 4,935,559 4,797,284 200,045 779,102 202,248 573,930 4.1 15.5 4.1 12.0

Danville

33,223 33,263 33,538 32,306 1,584 4,091 1,819 3,208 4.8 12.3 5.4 9.9

Davenport-Moline-Rock Island(1)

197,693 192,898 200,967 186,931 7,775 22,114 7,853 17,025 3.9 11.5 3.9 9.1

Decatur

49,456 47,944 49,761 46,688 2,565 6,917 2,767 5,593 5.2 14.4 5.6 12.0

Kankakee

56,391 56,653 56,811 55,044 2,481 6,805 2,647 5,242 4.4 12.0 4.7 9.5

Peoria

177,832 170,135 179,859 164,881 7,731 22,887 8,288 17,539 4.3 13.5 4.6 10.6

Rockford

167,898 166,403 170,106 165,015 9,164 26,522 11,462 22,771 5.5 15.9 6.7 13.8

Springfield

109,454 107,382 109,373 105,413 4,179 12,557 4,429 9,566 3.8 11.7 4.0 9.1

Indiana

3,413,468 3,432,097 3,412,239 3,355,888 114,185 380,662 119,491 265,346 3.3 11.1 3.5 7.9

Bloomington

76,121 76,928 75,703 75,555 2,886 7,113 2,889 5,154 3.8 9.2 3.8 6.8

Columbus

45,511 45,209 45,627 44,229 1,180 4,782 1,174 3,020 2.6 10.6 2.6 6.8

Elkhart-Goshen

115,752 110,145 110,236 107,708 3,583 11,825 4,136 8,684 3.1 10.7 3.8 8.1

Evansville

166,004 168,354 165,514 165,057 5,390 15,425 5,488 11,322 3.2 9.2 3.3 6.9

Fort Wayne

222,074 225,579 221,509 217,213 6,885 25,278 7,435 17,807 3.1 11.2 3.4 8.2

Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson

1,083,451 1,095,016 1,089,609 1,089,032 33,673 115,795 34,741 83,934 3.1 10.6 3.2 7.7

Kokomo

36,204 39,285 36,999 37,216 1,365 6,520 1,434 3,268 3.8 16.6 3.9 8.8

Lafayette-West Lafayette

111,211 110,438 111,804 106,846 3,524 10,430 3,585 7,575 3.2 9.4 3.2 7.1

Michigan City-La Porte

48,878 51,447 48,620 48,737 1,996 7,968 2,026 5,141 4.1 15.5 4.2 10.5

Muncie

52,488 52,975 52,618 52,338 2,171 5,928 2,213 4,313 4.1 11.2 4.2 8.2

South Bend-Mishawaka

161,917 160,813 159,655 155,029 6,294 21,316 6,692 15,728 3.9 13.3 4.2 10.1

Terre Haute

76,034 75,283 75,968 73,713 3,196 8,390 3,305 5,949 4.2 11.1 4.4 8.1

Iowa

1,750,382 1,657,047 1,763,368 1,644,385 48,303 137,349 48,724 106,148 2.8 8.3 2.8 6.5

Ames

56,480 54,151 56,843 54,049 1,379 3,438 1,308 2,699 2.4 6.3 2.3 5.0

Cedar Rapids

150,044 142,469 151,045 141,917 4,342 13,618 4,467 10,728 2.9 9.6 3.0 7.6

Des Moines-West Des Moines

370,835 350,259 375,696 349,712 10,330 32,338 10,148 24,149 2.8 9.2 2.7 6.9

Dubuque

56,757 53,484 57,512 53,525 1,353 4,855 1,445 3,754 2.4 9.1 2.5 7.0

Iowa City

99,446 97,215 101,335 97,864 2,326 7,412 2,361 5,958 2.3 7.6 2.3 6.1

Sioux City

94,570 92,012 95,277 92,140 2,736 6,854 2,752 5,377 2.9 7.4 2.9 5.8

Waterloo-Cedar Falls

90,789 87,059 91,561 86,486 2,631 7,615 3,148 5,953 2.9 8.7 3.4 6.9

Kansas

1,498,185 1,497,192 1,508,779 1,514,277 48,792 113,748 56,697 115,911 3.3 7.6 3.8 7.7

Lawrence

62,085 62,195 63,017 62,736 1,987 5,188 2,302 5,146 3.2 8.3 3.7 8.2

Manhattan

44,736 42,164 45,517 42,871 1,357 3,116 1,603 3,160 3.0 7.4 3.5 7.4

Topeka

121,816 119,510 122,974 121,148 3,901 8,615 4,513 8,387 3.2 7.2 3.7 6.9

Wichita

317,999 322,963 321,702 326,353 11,109 34,963 12,600 35,695 3.5 10.8 3.9 10.9

Kentucky

2,099,909 1,952,575 2,090,399 1,879,153 101,143 96,680 101,089 116,765 4.8 5.0 4.8 6.2

Bowling Green

85,136 74,895 83,533 71,696 3,960 3,870 3,817 4,426 4.7 5.2 4.6 6.2

Elizabethtown-Fort Knox

68,761 64,302 69,115 61,756 3,247 3,284 3,295 3,810 4.7 5.1 4.8 6.2

Lexington-Fayette

279,154 259,560 276,198 250,658 10,946 11,358 10,605 13,896 3.9 4.4 3.8 5.5

Louisville/Jefferson County

682,869 644,127 685,834 629,900 28,782 41,587 30,147 40,411 4.2 6.5 4.4 6.4

Owensboro

56,338 53,667 56,675 52,507 2,499 2,264 2,404 2,820 4.4 4.2 4.2 5.4

Louisiana

2,116,798 2,021,155 2,116,103 2,037,928 117,592 209,370 115,749 202,464 5.6 10.4 5.5 9.9

Alexandria

64,011 60,704 64,306 61,690 3,756 4,557 3,779 4,545 5.9 7.5 5.9 7.4

Baton Rouge

419,912 399,757 418,963 407,081 21,588 38,185 21,209 36,898 5.1 9.6 5.1 9.1

Hammond

54,574 54,033 54,975 54,145 3,572 6,794 3,528 6,553 6.5 12.6 6.4 12.1

Houma-Thibodaux

88,995 85,001 90,110 86,424 4,686 7,432 4,514 7,333 5.3 8.7 5.0 8.5

Lafayette

214,706 207,627 215,288 211,310 11,678 19,038 11,366 19,209 5.4 9.2 5.3 9.1

Lake Charles

112,499 103,593 111,096 102,536 5,221 10,198 5,145 10,070 4.6 9.8 4.6 9.8

Monroe

79,492 79,865 80,046 80,962 4,811 6,805 4,710 6,739 6.1 8.5 5.9 8.3

New Orleans-Metairie

602,602 575,024 601,336 574,171 31,398 73,378 30,809 68,558 5.2 12.8 5.1 11.9

Shreveport-Bossier City

188,535 181,806 189,546 183,710 11,125 17,783 10,871 17,332 5.9 9.8 5.7 9.4

Maine

701,100 680,560 708,797 716,038 19,348 44,364 18,891 67,639 2.8 6.5 2.7 9.4

Bangor

70,597 67,614 70,436 71,103 1,930 4,139 1,939 6,202 2.7 6.1 2.8 8.7

Lewiston-Auburn

55,821 54,609 55,146 57,693 1,562 3,721 1,593 5,793 2.8 6.8 2.9 10.0

Portland-South Portland

211,982 200,852 213,230 214,289 4,874 13,893 4,637 21,082 2.3 6.9 2.2 9.8

Maryland

3,285,538 3,243,857 3,316,105 3,281,791 126,624 274,749 128,327 253,886 3.9 8.5 3.9 7.7

Baltimore-Columbia-Towson

1,536,254 1,510,041 1,543,891 1,523,429 60,333 124,263 61,622 114,418 3.9 8.2 4.0 7.5

California-Lexington Park

57,742 55,875 58,397 55,629 2,064 3,366 2,325 3,315 3.6 6.0 4.0 6.0

Cumberland

45,284 43,296 45,667 42,374 2,620 4,188 2,692 3,462 5.8 9.7 5.9 8.2

Hagerstown-Martinsburg

134,893 130,131 135,349 129,703 5,332 11,223 5,193 9,764 4.0 8.6 3.8 7.5

Massachusetts

3,851,461 3,726,254 3,865,262 3,722,933 120,601 664,413 121,141 602,132 3.1 17.8 3.1 16.2

Barnstable Town

136,713 125,456 144,347 129,195 4,335 23,641 4,187 19,931 3.2 18.8 2.9 15.4

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua

2,852,718 2,748,221 2,858,404 2,748,032 82,005 468,361 82,841 424,833 2.9 17.0 2.9 15.5

Leominster-Gardner

81,019 80,547 80,844 80,658 2,927 15,500 2,999 14,364 3.6 19.2 3.7 17.8

New Bedford

86,843 87,718 86,626 85,880 3,941 18,654 3,901 16,186 4.5 21.3 4.5 18.8

Pittsfield

44,385 41,873 44,785 42,383 1,604 7,488 1,520 7,211 3.6 17.9 3.4 17.0

Springfield

378,212 361,590 377,564 359,819 15,134 63,066 15,417 58,859 4.0 17.4 4.1 16.4

Worcester

364,616 356,916 363,284 358,377 12,620 57,559 12,765 53,274 3.5 16.1 3.5 14.9

Michigan

4,971,319 4,987,986 4,995,452 4,872,075 212,011 748,153 252,608 463,381 4.3 15.0 5.1 9.5

Ann Arbor

196,456 207,910 197,148 203,278 6,672 22,196 8,187 16,118 3.4 10.7 4.2 7.9

Battle Creek

63,134 65,624 62,631 62,044 2,824 10,041 3,263 6,747 4.5 15.3 5.2 10.9

Bay City

50,736 51,566 50,485 49,783 2,473 7,071 2,730 4,735 4.9 13.7 5.4 9.5

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

2,159,216 2,050,504 2,192,505 2,041,892 95,839 368,458 116,168 205,978 4.4 18.0 5.3 10.1

Flint

185,201 196,995 184,551 186,176 9,949 31,967 11,223 21,914 5.4 16.2 6.1 11.8

Grand Rapids-Wyoming

589,196 613,390 584,115 592,088 19,094 73,802 22,756 49,521 3.2 12.0 3.9 8.4

Jackson

74,817 79,073 74,064 75,279 3,058 11,397 3,621 7,605 4.1 14.4 4.9 10.1

Kalamazoo-Portage

169,797 177,663 168,089 171,291 6,535 21,169 7,733 14,975 3.8 11.9 4.6 8.7

Lansing-East Lansing

246,625 253,486 244,714 243,556 9,231 28,947 11,285 20,570 3.7 11.4 4.6 8.4

Midland

41,049 41,776 40,500 40,197 1,609 4,630 1,813 3,194 3.9 11.1 4.5 7.9

Monroe

76,171 77,657 75,969 73,781 3,039 10,396 4,304 6,796 4.0 13.4 5.7 9.2

Muskegon

78,937 85,363 78,973 80,265 3,556 15,122 4,304 10,246 4.5 17.7 5.4 12.8

Niles-Benton Harbor

75,435 79,290 75,001 76,450 3,379 10,962 3,717 7,574 4.5 13.8 5.0 9.9

Saginaw

87,792 90,918 87,275 86,928 4,325 13,307 4,936 9,176 4.9 14.6 5.7 10.6

Minnesota

3,126,861 3,132,255 3,142,453 3,122,326 101,099 268,067 99,631 232,475 3.2 8.6 3.2 7.4

Duluth

143,200 142,845 142,698 139,601 5,795 14,811 5,739 12,185 4.0 10.4 4.0 8.7

Mankato-North Mankato

61,293 62,869 60,324 62,886 1,817 4,620 1,713 3,888 3.0 7.3 2.8 6.2

Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington

2,037,819 2,047,082 2,052,753 2,029,218 63,618 188,240 61,878 165,968 3.1 9.2 3.0 8.2

Rochester

125,968 127,344 127,883 126,085 3,620 10,373 3,475 8,338 2.9 8.1 2.7 6.6

St. Cloud

112,317 117,644 113,323 116,125 3,517 8,708 3,320 7,118 3.1 7.4 2.9 6.1

Mississippi

1,292,689 1,214,977 1,294,421 1,250,601 83,202 118,980 81,327 143,336 6.4 9.8 6.3 11.5

Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula

166,586 159,991 167,684 164,551 10,538 17,273 10,315 19,899 6.3 10.8 6.2 12.1

Hattiesburg

67,827 64,268 68,352 66,768 3,904 5,668 3,911 6,890 5.8 8.8 5.7 10.3

Jackson

270,897 254,486 271,590 260,950 15,600 23,748 15,107 27,824 5.8 9.3 5.6 10.7

Missouri

3,108,213 3,062,094 3,117,422 3,104,813 104,362 242,693 117,030 223,884 3.4 7.9 3.8 7.2

Cape Girardeau

48,795 45,478 47,555 44,088 1,681 3,222 1,773 2,886 3.4 7.1 3.7 6.5

Columbia

96,112 95,258 97,250 97,009 2,536 5,443 2,858 4,934 2.6 5.7 2.9 5.1

Jefferson City

75,277 74,581 76,323 75,455 2,170 4,138 2,402 4,194 2.9 5.5 3.1 5.6

Joplin

84,416 84,370 85,515 84,005 2,777 6,063 3,232 5,505 3.3 7.2 3.8 6.6

Kansas City

1,152,837 1,137,889 1,166,708 1,158,309 37,689 88,448 46,899 87,519 3.3 7.8 4.0 7.6

St. Joseph

64,060 62,214 64,676 63,667 2,027 3,578 2,275 3,499 3.2 5.8 3.5 5.5

St. Louis(2)

1,490,157 1,460,349 1,504,296 1,477,354 50,765 141,168 54,599 120,569 3.4 9.7 3.6 8.2

Springfield

235,326 235,507 238,189 237,829 6,617 17,157 7,130 15,050 2.8 7.3 3.0 6.3

Montana

539,659 541,884 543,860 544,582 18,106 38,219 16,834 32,657 3.4 7.1 3.1 6.0

Billings

88,323 89,225 88,202 89,572 2,988 6,004 2,768 5,241 3.4 6.7 3.1 5.9

Great Falls

38,463 38,652 37,674 39,075 1,293 2,693 1,199 2,402 3.4 7.0 3.2 6.1

Missoula

64,333 67,005 63,386 66,802 1,907 4,937 1,806 4,188 3.0 7.4 2.8 6.3

Nebraska

1,047,089 1,056,791 1,051,883 1,062,027 34,683 60,587 35,001 53,250 3.3 5.7 3.3 5.0

Grand Island

44,721 44,879 44,598 45,440 1,486 2,800 1,514 2,440 3.3 6.2 3.4 5.4

Lincoln

184,484 192,980 187,752 197,214 5,892 10,982 5,689 9,813 3.2 5.7 3.0 5.0

Omaha-Council Bluffs

499,939 505,233 507,334 511,749 16,414 34,702 16,761 30,157 3.3 6.9 3.3 5.9

Nevada

1,543,666 1,502,735 1,550,643 1,492,874 63,748 230,332 63,204 211,304 4.1 15.3 4.1 14.2

Carson City

26,575 24,966 26,541 25,300 1,058 2,187 1,018 2,035 4.0 8.8 3.8 8.0

Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise

1,130,891 1,110,574 1,139,458 1,102,994 49,377 198,080 48,856 181,335 4.4 17.8 4.3 16.4

Reno

258,026 245,765 258,478 244,774 8,377 21,423 8,378 19,759 3.2 8.7 3.2 8.1

New Hampshire

781,077 731,828 787,198 748,051 19,442 66,493 19,857 59,337 2.5 9.1 2.5 7.9

Dover-Durham

86,300 80,529 87,005 82,348 1,978 6,865 2,054 6,720 2.3 8.5 2.4 8.2

Manchester

123,274 118,579 122,952 119,554 2,979 10,670 2,956 9,557 2.4 9.0 2.4 8.0

Portsmouth

79,437 73,447 80,559 75,668 1,742 5,875 1,742 5,862 2.2 8.0 2.2 7.7

New Jersey

4,508,811 4,586,771 4,555,166 4,626,988 147,120 762,472 176,079 647,417 3.3 16.6 3.9 14.0

Atlantic City-Hammonton

122,278 130,190 124,700 128,381 5,413 44,771 6,281 30,795 4.4 34.4 5.0 24.0

Ocean City

53,261 46,891 57,280 47,696 2,260 9,453 2,325 7,155 4.2 20.2 4.1 15.0

Trenton

203,279 202,832 204,653 207,226 6,058 25,122 7,407 22,679 3.0 12.4 3.6 10.9

Vineland-Bridgeton

65,373 67,884 63,596 66,756 3,118 11,329 3,773 9,756 4.8 16.7 5.9 14.6

New Mexico

958,214 927,108 960,503 915,503 52,893 84,250 52,663 121,941 5.5 9.1 5.5 13.3

Albuquerque

438,294 421,768 438,755 416,079 23,151 38,034 22,991 54,658 5.3 9.0 5.2 13.1

Farmington

52,329 47,248 51,601 47,737 3,330 5,370 3,327 7,633 6.4 11.4 6.4 16.0

Las Cruces

96,906 91,970 96,423 90,718 6,217 8,190 6,069 11,806 6.4 8.9 6.3 13.0

Santa Fe

75,847 70,521 76,902 70,153 3,413 6,668 3,416 9,491 4.5 9.5 4.4 13.5

New York

9,538,972 9,438,251 9,596,950 9,688,730 363,430 1,461,408 400,342 1,548,633 3.8 15.5 4.2 16.0

Albany-Schenectady-Troy

449,844 449,486 449,292 465,851 15,846 46,880 17,008 53,662 3.5 10.4 3.8 11.5

Binghamton

107,265 108,648 105,964 111,402 4,705 12,034 5,041 13,924 4.4 11.1 4.8 12.5

Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls

541,610 554,133 543,096 573,947 21,969 74,538 24,781 81,184 4.1 13.5 4.6 14.1

Elmira

35,272 37,439 34,662 38,344 1,456 4,438 1,515 4,790 4.1 11.9 4.4 12.5

Glens Falls

60,965 58,618 62,240 60,750 2,197 6,200 2,268 6,768 3.6 10.6 3.6 11.1

Ithaca

47,722 49,275 48,128 51,045 1,811 4,341 2,001 5,034 3.8 8.8 4.2 9.9

Kingston

88,443 90,331 88,568 93,706 3,237 10,140 3,560 11,632 3.7 11.2 4.0 12.4

New York-Newark-Jersey City

9,961,096 9,902,832 10,041,853 10,094,064 353,469 1,687,395 401,529 1,651,128 3.5 17.0 4.0 16.4

Rochester

522,374 518,263 521,882 529,306 20,409 58,272 22,345 68,525 3.9 11.2 4.3 12.9

Syracuse

307,251 303,616 309,474 316,645 12,277 35,747 13,245 41,317 4.0 11.8 4.3 13.0

Utica-Rome

130,145 129,262 130,621 133,835 5,698 13,858 5,683 16,279 4.4 10.7 4.4 12.2

Watertown-Fort Drum

44,858 42,711 45,199 44,457 2,042 4,776 2,233 5,461 4.6 11.2 4.9 12.3

North Carolina

5,097,518 4,812,847 5,125,881 4,965,432 213,152 371,764 219,539 441,279 4.2 7.7 4.3 8.9

Asheville

239,348 221,531 240,228 228,796 8,232 19,751 8,226 21,446 3.4 8.9 3.4 9.4

Burlington

82,450 78,649 83,371 81,414 3,474 6,043 3,638 7,137 4.2 7.7 4.4 8.8

Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia

1,377,278 1,322,464 1,382,416 1,361,084 52,422 109,745 54,025 126,377 3.8 8.3 3.9 9.3

Durham-Chapel Hill

304,896 283,797 308,115 294,946 11,600 19,509 11,817 23,331 3.8 6.9 3.8 7.9

Fayetteville

150,076 139,130 149,011 143,068 8,097 13,632 8,442 16,666 5.4 9.8 5.7 11.6

Goldsboro

52,481 47,117 52,517 48,216 2,344 3,254 2,410 3,945 4.5 6.9 4.6 8.2

Greensboro-High Point

372,107 351,948 371,752 361,567 16,511 31,604 17,208 37,269 4.4 9.0 4.6 10.3

Greenville

89,437 84,610 89,686 85,714 4,395 6,016 4,584 7,511 4.9 7.1 5.1 8.8

Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton

176,861 161,963 176,537 166,984 7,100 12,854 7,215 15,099 4.0 7.9 4.1 9.0

Jacksonville

65,496 61,681 63,597 64,183 3,251 4,435 3,296 5,298 5.0 7.2 5.2 8.3

New Bern

52,674 48,880 53,020 50,621 2,295 3,155 2,337 3,773 4.4 6.5 4.4 7.5

Raleigh

733,697 681,616 742,574 707,515 27,311 48,042 28,081 56,408 3.7 7.0 3.8 8.0

Rocky Mount

64,333 60,640 65,126 63,807 3,640 5,790 3,788 7,229 5.7 9.5 5.8 11.3

Wilmington

155,317 145,631 157,050 149,668 6,057 10,516 6,197 12,397 3.9 7.2 3.9 8.3

Winston-Salem

333,315 310,928 333,585 319,173 13,342 24,020 13,650 28,313 4.0 7.7 4.1 8.9

North Dakota

412,677 413,089 411,927 409,533 10,907 31,063 9,189 26,019 2.6 7.5 2.2 6.4

Bismarck

68,843 69,246 69,683 70,037 1,851 4,249 1,516 3,439 2.7 6.1 2.2 4.9

Fargo

139,329 142,844 140,281 141,738 3,374 9,112 2,999 7,290 2.4 6.4 2.1 5.1

Grand Forks

54,236 54,916 53,690 53,888 1,706 3,842 1,518 3,146 3.1 7.0 2.8 5.8

Ohio

5,844,525 5,855,106 5,884,316 5,727,517 253,781 650,488 266,365 521,299 4.3 11.1 4.5 9.1

Akron

361,055 354,477 363,326 347,615 15,982 39,059 16,588 31,510 4.4 11.0 4.6 9.1

Canton-Massillon

199,578 199,009 200,509 194,703 8,955 21,437 9,268 17,101 4.5 10.8 4.6 8.8

Cincinnati

1,141,322 1,134,329 1,142,548 1,111,458 46,480 101,987 47,849 86,149 4.1 9.0 4.2 7.8

Cleveland-Elyria

1,052,016 1,062,229 1,067,558 1,021,874 47,648 148,444 49,305 119,674 4.5 14.0 4.6 11.7

Columbus

1,102,941 1,098,508 1,115,322 1,081,435 42,223 108,537 44,071 89,017 3.8 9.9 4.0 8.2

Dayton

391,833 398,328 394,943 392,688 16,907 42,159 17,610 34,178 4.3 10.6 4.5 8.7

Lima

48,341 48,582 48,641 47,436 2,066 5,320 2,308 4,114 4.3 11.0 4.7 8.7

Mansfield

52,970 53,192 52,955 52,026 2,393 5,989 2,623 4,828 4.5 11.3 5.0 9.3

Springfield

63,496 64,938 63,579 63,041 2,794 6,746 3,165 5,289 4.4 10.4 5.0 8.4

Toledo

304,702 307,040 304,801 301,684 13,392 37,495 14,140 28,955 4.4 12.2 4.6 9.6

Weirton-Steubenville(1)

51,333 51,324 51,703 50,226 2,871 6,285 2,959 5,375 5.6 12.2 5.7 10.7

Youngstown-Warren-Boardman

241,561 235,137 242,305 229,183 14,073 31,482 14,853 27,028 5.8 13.4 6.1 11.8

Oklahoma

1,854,443 1,781,678 1,850,754 1,812,336 65,316 119,135 62,846 128,819 3.5 6.7 3.4 7.1

Enid

27,237 25,559 27,549 25,350 862 1,558 836 1,680 3.2 6.1 3.0 6.6

Lawton

51,509 49,423 51,236 50,226 1,982 3,399 1,962 3,674 3.8 6.9 3.8 7.3

Oklahoma City

688,604 671,010 690,680 678,629 22,521 46,174 21,612 48,165 3.3 6.9 3.1 7.1

Tulsa

487,736 460,361 488,582 472,144 16,817 32,714 16,090 35,850 3.4 7.1 3.3 7.6

Oregon

2,113,944 2,173,018 2,126,411 2,082,253 83,768 253,740 85,756 219,802 4.0 11.7 4.0 10.6

Albany

58,902 60,898 58,253 57,916 2,687 6,754 2,792 6,067 4.6 11.1 4.8 10.5

Bend-Redmond

97,100 99,338 97,698 94,470 3,783 12,208 3,679 10,035 3.9 12.3 3.8 10.6

Corvallis

49,120 48,369 46,188 44,796 1,643 4,230 1,714 3,780 3.3 8.7 3.7 8.4

Eugene

181,181 190,043 179,377 182,420 7,915 22,299 7,961 19,334 4.4 11.7 4.4 10.6

Grants Pass

36,143 36,255 35,865 34,321 1,834 4,152 1,830 3,674 5.1 11.5 5.1 10.7

Medford

103,596 106,434 103,568 102,087 4,815 12,642 5,322 11,144 4.6 11.9 5.1 10.9

Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro

1,322,096 1,363,261 1,331,809 1,325,165 50,589 160,767 50,689 147,477 3.8 11.8 3.8 11.1

Salem

203,756 205,578 205,343 197,009 8,591 21,352 8,961 18,476 4.2 10.4 4.4 9.4

Pennsylvania

6,514,786 6,414,146 6,581,549 6,555,812 287,947 855,034 321,521 922,435 4.4 13.3 4.9 14.1

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton

444,700 445,462 446,877 450,595 19,352 62,878 21,796 62,425 4.4 14.1 4.9 13.9

Altoona

60,402 59,044 60,843 60,254 2,820 7,006 3,270 7,931 4.7 11.9 5.4 13.2

Bloomsburg-Berwick

42,373 42,404 42,846 43,348 1,975 4,323 2,149 4,813 4.7 10.2 5.0 11.1

Chambersburg-Waynesboro

78,317 77,058 79,077 78,410 2,997 8,896 3,475 9,570 3.8 11.5 4.4 12.2

East Stroudsburg

83,661 81,614 84,978 82,318 4,449 14,903 4,959 14,255 5.3 18.3 5.8 17.3

Erie

129,310 125,679 130,267 128,366 6,025 18,314 6,603 19,346 4.7 14.6 5.1 15.1

Gettysburg

55,868 55,715 56,165 56,167 1,907 5,779 2,190 5,796 3.4 10.4 3.9 10.3

Harrisburg-Carlisle

304,772 302,487 309,299 309,821 11,858 35,222 13,111 36,454 3.9 11.6 4.2 11.8

Johnstown

58,485 55,588 58,394 57,418 3,419 7,181 3,653 8,359 5.8 12.9 6.3 14.6

Lancaster

288,734 292,019 292,146 298,444 10,432 33,298 11,839 33,570 3.6 11.4 4.1 11.2

Lebanon

73,742 72,919 74,280 73,545 2,920 8,698 3,170 8,846 4.0 11.9 4.3 12.0

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington

3,125,601 3,126,319 3,155,369 3,187,644 128,623 450,816 146,781 449,589 4.1 14.4 4.7 14.1

Pittsburgh

1,216,835 1,185,405 1,228,656 1,220,757 53,680 152,633 58,524 176,731 4.4 12.9 4.8 14.5

Reading

217,595 225,603 219,663 229,109 9,672 29,749 10,635 30,691 4.4 13.2 4.8 13.4

Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton

275,810 266,552 278,675 268,985 14,536 40,808 16,290 42,310 5.3 15.3 5.8 15.7

State College

76,322 73,589 77,590 75,437 2,752 6,317 3,207 7,225 3.6 8.6 4.1 9.6

Williamsport

56,896 52,529 57,189 53,378 2,628 6,535 2,826 7,171 4.6 12.4 4.9 13.4

York-Hanover

237,121 235,823 239,871 238,292 9,686 27,529 10,761 28,611 4.1 11.7 4.5 12.0

Rhode Island

557,755 555,237 562,181 564,178 18,645 68,286 21,801 64,357 3.3 12.3 3.9 11.4

Providence-Warwick

693,435 692,053 696,920 698,980 23,768 95,090 26,907 87,786 3.4 13.7 3.9 12.6

South Carolina

2,400,898 2,468,874 2,402,172 2,484,700 75,412 220,259 72,245 219,673 3.1 8.9 3.0 8.8

Charleston-North Charleston

399,829 407,682 401,657 411,389 10,603 36,868 10,254 37,680 2.7 9.0 2.6 9.2

Columbia

404,598 412,852 406,952 418,343 12,295 32,136 11,657 32,419 3.0 7.8 2.9 7.7

Florence

98,716 103,316 98,648 104,237 3,391 8,473 3,252 8,781 3.4 8.2 3.3 8.4

Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin

438,105 455,006 438,913 457,562 12,675 38,104 11,932 36,248 2.9 8.4 2.7 7.9

Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort

92,852 95,842 93,565 97,676 2,758 7,111 2,659 6,881 3.0 7.4 2.8 7.0

Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach

212,728 209,321 214,409 209,023 8,411 22,232 8,168 22,181 4.0 10.6 3.8 10.6

Spartanburg

166,033 173,463 165,533 170,593 5,051 17,564 4,792 16,965 3.0 10.1 2.9 9.9

Sumter

44,112 45,943 43,834 46,245 1,663 4,025 1,577 4,505 3.8 8.8 3.6 9.7

South Dakota

470,901 476,205 471,856 474,154 15,018 33,606 14,359 28,498 3.2 7.1 3.0 6.0

Rapid City

77,299 76,891 77,917 76,334 2,551 6,329 2,358 5,158 3.3 8.2 3.0 6.8

Sioux Falls

156,797 161,138 157,811 160,033 4,164 10,814 3,778 8,846 2.7 6.7 2.4 5.5

Tennessee

3,372,213 3,202,728 3,377,806 3,173,394 131,488 322,865 132,139 315,241 3.9 10.1 3.9 9.9

Chattanooga

280,189 271,665 280,166 273,079 10,486 22,031 10,620 21,573 3.7 8.1 3.8 7.9

Clarksville

117,764 114,188 118,623 109,741 5,759 10,032 5,813 10,047 4.9 8.8 4.9 9.2

Cleveland

59,810 58,672 60,432 58,013 2,506 4,950 2,567 4,975 4.2 8.4 4.2 8.6

Jackson

66,091 61,694 66,016 61,474 2,681 5,769 2,629 5,810 4.1 9.4 4.0 9.5

Johnson City

91,599 86,645 92,116 85,143 3,980 7,682 3,967 7,246 4.3 8.9 4.3 8.5

Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol

139,257 131,485 138,594 130,487 5,784 11,910 5,850 11,457 4.2 9.1 4.2 8.8

Knoxville

436,264 412,091 437,431 409,283 16,719 33,423 16,709 32,225 3.8 8.1 3.8 7.9

Memphis

651,549 619,634 653,760 628,584 31,456 73,465 31,038 81,971 4.8 11.9 4.7 13.0

Morristown

53,423 51,201 53,205 50,954 2,317 4,807 2,301 4,519 4.3 9.4 4.3 8.9

Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin

1,102,056 1,043,045 1,103,447 1,027,942 33,493 106,138 33,554 100,840 3.0 10.2 3.0 9.8

Texas

14,009,283 13,804,456 14,064,960 13,846,028 520,024 1,197,957 540,487 1,140,101 3.7 8.7 3.8 8.2

Abilene

78,274 76,433 78,826 77,159 2,553 4,815 2,621 4,587 3.3 6.3 3.3 5.9

Amarillo

131,854 125,167 132,139 125,356 3,661 7,371 3,825 6,436 2.8 5.9 2.9 5.1

Austin-Round Rock

1,234,994 1,215,025 1,240,719 1,225,085 34,716 88,628 36,333 81,942 2.8 7.3 2.9 6.7

Beaumont-Port Arthur

173,250 167,609 172,969 168,490 10,124 20,927 10,826 20,115 5.8 12.5 6.3 11.9

Brownsville-Harlingen

167,285 163,091 167,732 164,664 9,663 17,741 9,943 18,180 5.8 10.9 5.9 11.0

College Station-Bryan

130,319 131,734 130,393 132,611 4,153 8,319 4,211 7,659 3.2 6.3 3.2 5.8

Corpus Christi

206,451 200,114 206,849 201,053 9,325 19,690 9,536 20,119 4.5 9.8 4.6 10.0

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington

3,960,641 3,945,263 3,987,104 3,946,657 136,815 323,218 141,791 296,368 3.5 8.2 3.6 7.5

El Paso

360,048 357,058 362,073 358,376 14,614 34,030 14,909 31,205 4.1 9.5 4.1 8.7

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land

3,420,393 3,380,586 3,434,101 3,386,174 135,598 328,034 141,120 319,349 4.0 9.7 4.1 9.4

Killeen-Temple

176,330 171,917 177,281 174,470 7,135 13,207 7,360 12,401 4.0 7.7 4.2 7.1

Laredo

118,663 114,967 118,394 115,608 4,730 11,231 4,794 10,562 4.0 9.8 4.0 9.1

Longview

98,958 94,648 99,408 95,031 3,762 8,404 3,984 8,046 3.8 8.9 4.0 8.5

Lubbock

163,106 157,100 163,564 159,034 5,321 10,450 5,547 10,139 3.3 6.7 3.4 6.4

McAllen-Edinburg-Mission

351,385 352,048 348,112 350,956 22,911 43,512 24,070 43,966 6.5 12.4 6.9 12.5

Midland

110,115 102,532 111,590 102,658 2,365 9,735 2,485 9,618 2.1 9.5 2.2 9.4

Odessa

87,649 85,354 88,454 85,549 2,397 10,802 2,521 10,761 2.7 12.7 2.9 12.6

San Angelo

55,148 51,813 54,830 52,010 1,804 3,968 1,870 3,816 3.3 7.7 3.4 7.3

San Antonio-New Braunfels

1,202,628 1,194,204 1,208,286 1,194,989 39,735 98,832 41,391 94,488 3.3 8.3 3.4 7.9

Sherman-Denison

64,188 63,096 64,573 63,671 2,062 4,150 2,117 3,757 3.2 6.6 3.3 5.9

Texarkana

66,014 63,988 65,231 64,087 3,015 5,252 3,135 4,842 4.6 8.2 4.8 7.6

Tyler

107,044 105,750 107,191 106,147 3,795 8,232 3,915 7,605 3.5 7.8 3.7 7.2

Victoria

45,954 44,097 46,037 44,880 1,646 3,868 1,696 4,222 3.6 8.8 3.7 9.4

Waco

126,235 124,623 127,231 126,324 4,608 8,550 4,776 8,231 3.7 6.9 3.8 6.5

Wichita Falls

65,559 62,042 65,622 63,009 2,273 4,425 2,340 4,469 3.5 7.1 3.6 7.1

Utah

1,612,516 1,627,388 1,616,418 1,632,582 48,104 92,601 43,635 75,140 3.0 5.7 2.7 4.6

Logan

70,907 70,309 68,017 69,376 1,800 2,529 1,646 1,886 2.5 3.6 2.4 2.7

Ogden-Clearfield

335,168 343,824 337,708 344,558 9,889 17,316 9,048 13,632 3.0 5.0 2.7 4.0

Provo-Orem

310,895 316,654 310,745 315,453 8,797 14,059 8,070 11,367 2.8 4.4 2.6 3.6

St. George

75,145 77,737 76,101 77,962 2,569 4,859 2,401 4,027 3.4 6.3 3.2 5.2

Salt Lake City

672,410 669,873 676,600 677,351 19,594 43,052 17,666 35,676 2.9 6.4 2.6 5.3

Vermont

346,954 345,686 346,705 343,764 8,577 32,872 8,209 28,096 2.5 9.5 2.4 8.2

Burlington-South Burlington

126,985 124,920 127,289 124,218 2,731 10,816 2,589 9,384 2.2 8.7 2.0 7.6

Virginia

4,434,710 4,348,216 4,465,718 4,374,802 129,920 358,528 131,979 352,026 2.9 8.2 3.0 8.0

Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford

89,081 83,396 89,742 85,030 2,954 6,244 2,957 5,909 3.3 7.5 3.3 6.9

Charlottesville

123,644 121,552 123,017 119,984 3,466 9,577 3,451 9,075 2.8 7.9 2.8 7.6

Harrisonburg

66,483 63,861 66,640 64,240 2,059 4,941 2,025 4,308 3.1 7.7 3.0 6.7

Lynchburg

123,657 118,831 124,154 121,105 4,440 9,269 4,501 9,102 3.6 7.8 3.6 7.5

Richmond

690,643 678,528 697,236 686,216 21,367 60,691 21,943 60,965 3.1 8.9 3.1 8.9

Roanoke

157,975 152,250 159,553 155,066 4,780 12,075 4,739 11,913 3.0 7.9 3.0 7.7

Staunton-Waynesboro

60,950 62,155 61,042 63,236 1,651 4,272 1,623 3,977 2.7 6.9 2.7 6.3

Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News

866,525 856,185 874,949 872,954 27,796 78,752 28,394 81,372 3.2 9.2 3.2 9.3

Winchester

74,444 71,081 75,022 70,977 2,133 4,901 2,121 4,409 2.9 6.9 2.8 6.2

Washington

3,919,625 3,906,162 3,944,959 3,994,934 164,802 386,218 164,164 405,529 4.2 9.9 4.2 10.2

Bellingham

115,468 118,358 115,641 121,221 5,880 12,184 5,730 14,272 5.1 10.3 5.0 11.8

Bremerton-Silverdale

127,845 132,005 128,283 135,709 6,152 10,797 5,880 12,829 4.8 8.2 4.6 9.5

Kennewick-Richland

152,203 148,517 151,057 157,337 7,647 14,202 7,315 17,073 5.0 9.6 4.8 10.9

Longview

47,638 48,978 47,659 50,882 2,966 4,828 2,802 5,844 6.2 9.9 5.9 11.5

Mount Vernon-Anacortes

63,521 63,673 63,642 65,887 3,463 7,089 3,323 8,036 5.5 11.1 5.2 12.2

Olympia-Tumwater

141,189 145,372 141,080 149,863 7,047 12,901 6,807 15,594 5.0 8.9 4.8 10.4

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue

2,163,471 2,169,968 2,179,576 2,197,638 72,654 217,881 75,320 203,951 3.4 10.0 3.5 9.3

Spokane-Spokane Valley

276,986 275,026 275,297 285,607 14,587 26,636 14,144 32,702 5.3 9.7 5.1 11.4

Walla Walla

32,364 31,226 32,424 32,057 1,587 2,111 1,564 2,717 4.9 6.8 4.8 8.5

Wenatchee

70,716 65,115 77,169 67,316 3,067 6,365 2,901 6,746 4.3 9.8 3.8 10.0

Yakima

140,204 131,160 140,212 138,416 8,176 14,416 7,727 17,394 5.8 11.0 5.5 12.6

West Virginia

806,744 778,147 805,335 767,127 39,694 82,044 38,061 74,462 4.9 10.5 4.7 9.7

Beckley

47,735 47,712 47,627 46,956 2,367 5,322 2,279 4,788 5.0 11.2 4.8 10.2

Charleston

94,941 93,722 94,839 92,082 4,501 10,911 4,305 9,853 4.7 11.6 4.5 10.7

Huntington-Ashland

147,578 147,491 147,572 144,285 7,958 13,934 7,736 12,871 5.4 9.4 5.2 8.9

Morgantown

68,595 68,495 69,840 68,188 2,914 6,394 2,718 5,849 4.2 9.3 3.9 8.6

Parkersburg-Vienna

39,627 39,723 39,469 39,242 2,052 4,073 1,976 3,840 5.2 10.3 5.0 9.8

Wheeling

66,859 63,274 66,951 60,953 3,378 7,449 3,331 6,350 5.1 11.8 5.0 10.4

Wisconsin

3,150,680 3,107,071 3,150,096 3,066,529 117,562 275,154 113,279 214,862 3.7 8.9 3.6 7.0

Appleton

133,280 129,162 133,137 127,066 4,485 9,810 4,346 7,535 3.4 7.6 3.3 5.9

Eau Claire

91,934 90,438 92,191 88,580 3,348 7,617 3,201 5,932 3.6 8.4 3.5 6.7

Fond du Lac

58,938 59,476 58,289 57,440 1,976 4,926 1,936 3,353 3.4 8.3 3.3 5.8

Green Bay

176,162 174,375 175,342 171,606 6,375 15,055 6,128 11,301 3.6 8.6 3.5 6.6

Janesville-Beloit

86,443 84,555 87,131 84,265 3,594 8,332 3,485 6,924 4.2 9.9 4.0 8.2

La Crosse-Onalaska

76,422 75,378 76,355 73,768 2,664 5,684 2,396 4,319 3.5 7.5 3.1 5.9

Madison

391,595 373,682 394,057 370,524 12,019 27,981 10,693 21,677 3.1 7.5 2.7 5.9

Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis

824,342 827,996 829,116 817,705 33,812 84,370 33,455 69,007 4.1 10.2 4.0 8.4

Oshkosh-Neenah

92,133 91,277 92,662 90,589 3,268 7,161 3,135 5,464 3.5 7.8 3.4 6.0

Racine

99,883 102,241 100,573 100,512 4,385 9,632 4,628 7,757 4.4 9.4 4.6 7.7

Sheboygan

63,844 63,542 64,099 61,704 2,061 5,083 1,893 3,802 3.2 8.0 3.0 6.2

Wausau

74,620 74,270 74,468 72,347 2,459 5,137 2,375 3,953 3.3 6.9 3.2 5.5

Wyoming

297,410 300,957 298,084 299,787 10,840 22,898 10,633 20,266 3.6 7.6 3.6 6.8

Casper

39,460 40,362 39,751 40,065 1,600 4,390 1,454 4,090 4.1 10.9 3.7 10.2

Cheyenne

48,383 49,919 49,052 49,070 1,748 3,348 1,654 2,864 3.6 6.7 3.4 5.8

Puerto Rico

1,113,225 1,063,390 1,105,444 1,042,138 89,438 90,194 86,848 75,757 8.0 8.5 7.9 7.3

Aguadilla-Isabela

87,896 82,028 87,467 80,283 9,422 7,708 8,958 6,440 10.7 9.4 10.2 8.0

Arecibo

53,747 52,529 53,871 51,800 5,146 4,555 4,932 3,750 9.6 8.7 9.2 7.2

Guayama

20,490 18,749 19,962 18,387 2,637 1,582 2,461 1,326 12.9 8.4 12.3 7.2

Mayaguez

27,998 25,864 27,890 25,507 2,775 2,225 2,789 1,804 9.9 8.6 10.0 7.1

Ponce

94,817 88,532 94,084 87,327 10,420 7,538 9,763 6,460 11.0 8.5 10.4 7.4

San German

35,242 33,087 35,123 32,294 3,794 2,878 3,829 2,410 10.8 8.7 10.9 7.5

San Juan-Carolina-Caguas

750,228 723,545 745,594 708,940 50,236 60,277 49,363 50,541 6.7 8.3 6.6 7.1

Footnotes
(1) For operational reasons, these interstate areas are listed under the state that accounts for the larger share of the population, which is different from the state that contains the first principal city.
(2) The area boundary does not reflect the Office of Management and Budget delineation.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area delineations are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Areas in the six New England states are Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs), while areas in other states are county-based. Some metropolitan areas lie in two or more states. They are listed under the state containing the first principal city, unless otherwise footnoted. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state, selected metropolitan area, and metropolitan division(1)
State, area, and division Civilian labor force Unemployed
June July Number Percent of labor force
2019 2020 2019 2020(p) June July June July
2019 2020 2019 2020(p) 2019 2020 2019 2020(p)

California

19,325,538 18,928,353 19,465,613 18,885,235 794,837 2,852,147 857,771 2,591,029 4.1 15.1 4.4 13.7

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

6,692,809 6,519,105 6,756,753 6,518,559 274,997 1,183,160 306,734 1,091,896 4.1 18.1 4.5 16.8

Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine

1,613,664 1,594,642 1,626,509 1,578,565 47,266 217,619 50,739 194,384 2.9 13.6 3.1 12.3

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale

5,079,145 4,924,463 5,130,244 4,939,994 227,731 965,541 255,995 897,512 4.5 19.6 5.0 18.2

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward

2,574,357 2,515,621 2,606,919 2,518,800 70,861 316,885 75,680 279,148 2.8 12.6 2.9 11.1

Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley

1,399,750 1,370,978 1,414,027 1,366,225 44,067 184,502 47,278 163,585 3.1 13.5 3.3 12.0

San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco

1,035,359 1,011,672 1,051,513 1,018,851 23,442 118,957 24,805 103,821 2.3 11.8 2.4 10.2

San Rafael

139,248 132,971 141,379 133,724 3,352 13,426 3,597 11,742 2.4 10.1 2.5 8.8

District of Columbia

412,636 396,821 416,468 399,066 24,062 36,049 24,138 35,347 5.8 9.1 5.8 8.9

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria(2)

3,489,162 3,442,338 3,527,506 3,453,634 115,882 286,709 116,169 271,924 3.3 8.3 3.3 7.9

Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville(3)

705,686 699,886 714,702 717,618 23,350 56,915 23,162 52,400 3.3 8.1 3.2 7.3

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria(2)

2,783,476 2,742,452 2,812,804 2,736,016 92,532 229,794 93,007 219,524 3.3 8.4 3.3 8.0

Florida

10,318,834 9,769,147 10,372,151 10,032,703 344,231 1,027,965 350,600 1,157,494 3.3 10.5 3.4 11.5

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach

3,144,322 2,951,277 3,165,320 3,038,739 93,941 336,984 96,275 402,316 3.0 11.4 3.0 13.2

Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach

1,042,537 994,236 1,046,699 1,016,525 33,791 117,061 34,231 133,366 3.2 11.8 3.3 13.1

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall

1,369,579 1,278,344 1,384,625 1,332,895 34,494 150,853 35,504 188,849 2.5 11.8 2.6 14.2

West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

732,206 678,697 733,996 689,319 25,656 69,070 26,540 80,101 3.5 10.2 3.6 11.6

Illinois

6,517,399 6,569,589 6,534,712 6,314,164 267,575 957,765 276,947 715,559 4.1 14.6 4.2 11.3

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin(2)

4,930,924 5,012,431 4,935,559 4,797,284 200,045 779,102 202,248 573,930 4.1 15.5 4.1 12.0

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights

3,778,783 3,875,459 3,776,587 3,690,126 154,332 633,237 153,302 465,248 4.1 16.3 4.1 12.6

Elgin

331,558 321,650 334,425 314,054 13,179 42,259 14,381 32,262 4.0 13.1 4.3 10.3

Gary(3)

346,087 354,847 345,937 342,415 14,799 51,901 15,750 36,190 4.3 14.6 4.6 10.6

Lake County-Kenosha County(2)

474,496 460,475 478,610 450,689 17,735 51,705 18,815 40,230 3.7 11.2 3.9 8.9

Massachusetts

3,851,461 3,726,254 3,865,262 3,722,933 120,601 664,413 121,141 602,132 3.1 17.8 3.1 16.2

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua(2)

2,852,718 2,748,221 2,858,404 2,748,032 82,005 468,361 82,841 424,833 2.9 17.0 2.9 15.5

Boston-Cambridge-Newton

1,703,502 1,629,763 1,709,002 1,632,697 46,630 275,686 46,711 252,589 2.7 16.9 2.7 15.5

Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton

112,317 112,885 112,504 111,780 3,909 23,991 4,069 21,497 3.5 21.3 3.6 19.2

Framingham

164,854 157,483 165,037 157,668 4,283 23,590 4,380 21,467 2.6 15.0 2.7 13.6

Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury Town(2)

121,291 113,380 121,151 113,783 3,485 17,602 3,521 15,619 2.9 15.5 2.9 13.7

Lawrence-Methuen Town-Salem(2)

100,438 103,025 100,273 102,252 4,237 24,167 4,110 21,893 4.2 23.5 4.1 21.4

Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford(2)

200,623 191,363 200,742 189,933 6,098 32,746 6,337 28,971 3.0 17.1 3.2 15.3

Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead

87,807 89,214 88,041 87,787 2,796 19,758 2,816 17,568 3.2 22.1 3.2 20.0

Nashua(2)

179,349 169,904 178,889 172,272 4,781 16,531 5,063 14,862 2.7 9.7 2.8 8.6

Peabody-Salem-Beverly

94,478 94,312 95,039 93,788 2,809 17,611 2,775 15,544 3.0 18.7 2.9 16.6

Taunton-Middleborough-Norton

88,059 86,892 87,726 86,072 2,977 16,679 3,059 14,823 3.4 19.2 3.5 17.2

Michigan

4,971,319 4,987,986 4,995,452 4,872,075 212,011 748,153 252,608 463,381 4.3 15.0 5.1 9.5

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

2,159,216 2,050,504 2,192,505 2,041,892 95,839 368,458 116,168 205,978 4.4 18.0 5.3 10.1

Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia

804,409 780,788 820,208 769,014 42,322 161,925 53,463 95,382 5.3 20.7 6.5 12.4

Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills

1,354,808 1,269,715 1,372,297 1,272,879 53,517 206,533 62,705 110,597 4.0 16.3 4.6 8.7

New York

9,538,972 9,438,251 9,596,950 9,688,730 363,430 1,461,408 400,342 1,548,633 3.8 15.5 4.2 16.0

New York-Newark-Jersey City(2)

9,961,096 9,902,832 10,041,853 10,094,064 353,469 1,687,395 401,529 1,651,128 3.5 17.0 4.0 16.4

Dutchess County-Putnam County

195,887 193,631 198,029 200,882 6,977 21,911 7,466 25,033 3.6 11.3 3.8 12.5

Nassau County-Suffolk County

1,504,901 1,494,557 1,512,591 1,554,847 50,916 191,311 57,888 215,128 3.4 12.8 3.8 13.8

Newark(3)

1,239,114 1,252,014 1,252,776 1,271,671 41,763 198,928 49,583 174,427 3.4 15.9 4.0 13.7

New York-Jersey City-White Plains(2)

7,021,194 6,962,630 7,078,457 7,066,664 253,813 1,275,245 286,592 1,236,540 3.6 18.3 4.0 17.5

Pennsylvania

6,514,786 6,414,146 6,581,549 6,555,812 287,947 855,034 321,521 922,435 4.4 13.3 4.9 14.1

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington(2)

3,125,601 3,126,319 3,155,369 3,187,644 128,623 450,816 146,781 449,589 4.1 14.4 4.7 14.1

Camden(3)

632,427 653,019 636,033 652,195 21,517 100,920 26,049 84,760 3.4 15.5 4.1 13.0

Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County

1,096,775 1,052,265 1,111,446 1,073,551 38,310 125,528 44,932 129,686 3.5 11.9 4.0 12.1

Philadelphia

1,015,771 1,042,450 1,025,225 1,070,400 53,083 177,443 59,498 193,916 5.2 17.0 5.8 18.1

Wilmington(3)

380,628 378,585 382,665 391,498 15,713 46,925 16,302 41,227 4.1 12.4 4.3 10.5

Texas

14,009,283 13,804,456 14,064,960 13,846,028 520,024 1,197,957 540,487 1,140,101 3.7 8.7 3.8 8.2

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington

3,960,641 3,945,263 3,987,104 3,946,657 136,815 323,218 141,791 296,368 3.5 8.2 3.6 7.5

Dallas-Plano-Irving

2,669,214 2,663,803 2,688,517 2,665,694 92,125 216,229 95,447 198,271 3.5 8.1 3.6 7.4

Fort Worth-Arlington

1,291,427 1,281,460 1,298,587 1,280,963 44,690 106,989 46,344 98,097 3.5 8.3 3.6 7.7

Washington

3,919,625 3,906,162 3,944,959 3,994,934 164,802 386,218 164,164 405,529 4.2 9.9 4.2 10.2

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue

2,163,471 2,169,968 2,179,576 2,197,638 72,654 217,881 75,320 203,951 3.4 10.0 3.5 9.3

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett

1,725,228 1,715,889 1,740,245 1,726,429 49,532 166,605 53,191 146,213 2.9 9.7 3.1 8.5

Tacoma-Lakewood

438,243 454,079 439,331 471,209 23,122 51,276 22,129 57,738 5.3 11.3 5.0 12.3

Footnotes
(1) These 11 areas contain all of the 38 metropolitan divisions.
(2) Part of the area (or division) is in one or more adjacent states.
(3) All of the division is in one or more adjacent states.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Area delineations are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Areas in the six New England states are Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs), while areas in other states are county-based. Some metropolitan areas lie in two or more states. They are listed under the state containing the first principal city. Metropolitan divisions are listed under their metropolitan areas. Some divisions lie in more than one state, and some, like Camden, NJ, are totally outside the states under which their metropolitan areas are listed. For Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV, the metropolitan area and division titles are identical. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and metropolitan area, not seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
State and area June July Change from
July 2019 to July 2020(p)
2019 2020 2019 2020(p) Number Percent

Alabama

2,076.7 1,956.5 2,069.2 1,967.4 -101.8 -4.9

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville

47.4 43.0 47.2 43.5 -3.7 -7.8

Auburn-Opelika

66.3 61.2 67.0 62.1 -4.9 -7.3

Birmingham-Hoover

547.1 517.8 547.1 518.2 -28.9 -5.3

Daphne-Fairhope-Foley

83.1 79.5 82.7 79.4 -3.3 -4.0

Decatur

57.5 53.0 57.1 53.7 -3.4 -6.0

Dothan

60.1 56.7 60.2 57.5 -2.7 -4.5

Florence-Muscle Shoals

57.2 53.6 57.2 53.9 -3.3 -5.8

Gadsden

37.6 33.7 37.2 33.8 -3.4 -9.1

Huntsville

244.6