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For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 1, 2024 USDL-24-0397 Technical information: (202) 691-6392 * lausinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/lau Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov REGIONAL AND STATE UNEMPLOYMENT -- 2023 ANNUAL AVERAGES In 2023, annual average unemployment rates decreased in 6 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 42 states and the District of Columbia, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment-population ratios increased in 10 states and were little changed in 40 states and the District. The U.S. jobless rate was unchanged over the year at 3.6 percent, while the national employment-population ratio rose by 0.3 percentage point to 60.3 percent. Regional Unemployment In 2023, the West was the only census region to post a change in its annual average unemployment rate from 2022 (+0.2 percentage point). The Midwest, 3.4 percent, and South, 3.3 percent, registered jobless rates lower than the U.S. rate in 2023, while the West, 4.2 percent, had a rate higher than the national figure. The unemployment rates in the Midwest and South were the lowest in their annual average series. All region, division, and state series begin in 1976. (See table 1.) The Pacific was the only census division that had an over-the-year unemployment rate change in 2023 (+0.3 percentage point). The West North Central had the lowest jobless rate, 2.8 percent. The highest jobless rates among the divisions were in the Pacific, 4.5 percent, and Middle Atlantic, 4.0 percent. The East South Central, New England, South Atlantic, and West North Central divisions had rates below the national figure, while the Middle Atlantic and Pacific divisions had rates above it. The rates in the East South Central (3.3 percent) and South Atlantic (3.0 percent) set new annual average series lows. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Changes to Local Area Unemployment Statistics Data | | | | Effective with this news release, data for regions, divisions, states, the District of | | Columbia, and modeled substate areas have been re-estimated from 2019 through 2023. The | | annual average data shown in tables 1 and 2 were affected, as were monthly seasonally | | adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. Information on these data revisions is available | | at www.bls.gov/lau/launews1.htm. | |______________________________________________________________________________________________| State Unemployment Six states had unemployment rate decreases in 2023, the largest of which were in Maryland (-0.9 percentage point) and Pennsylvania (-0.7 point). The only two states with over-the-year rate increases were California and New Jersey (+0.5 percentage point each). The remaining 42 states and the District of Columbia had annual average jobless rates in 2023 that were not appreciably different from those of the previous year, though some had changes that were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table A.) North Dakota had the lowest jobless rate among the states in 2023, 1.9 percent. Nevada had the highest unemployment rate, 5.1 percent. Overall, 23 states had unemployment rates lower than the U.S. figure of 3.6 percent, 6 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates, and 21 states had rates that were not appreciably different from that of the nation. Six states set new annual average series low unemployment rates in 2023: Maryland (2.1 percent), Mississippi (3.2 percent), North Dakota (1.9 percent), Ohio (3.5 percent), Pennsylvania (3.4 percent), and Vermont (2.0 percent). (See table B.) Regional Employment-Population Ratios In 2023, three census regions had increases in their employment-population ratios--the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over who are employed. The Northeast had the largest ratio increase (+0.6 percentage point), followed by the Midwest (+0.4 point) and South (+0.3 point). The Midwest had the highest employment-population ratio, 62.1 percent, while the South had the lowest ratio, 59.3 percent. (See table 2.) Five census divisions had over-the-year increases in their employment-population ratios in 2023, the largest of which was in the Middle Atlantic (+0.8 percentage point). Three divisions had ratios notably higher than the U.S. ratio of 60.3 percent: the West North Central, 64.8 percent; New England, 62.1 percent; and Mountain, 62.0 percent. Three divisions had ratios that were lower than the national average: the East South Central, 55.8 percent; South Atlantic, 59.5 percent; and Pacific, 59.6 percent. State Employment-Population Ratios In 2023, the largest employment-population ratio increase among the states occurred in Michigan (+1.6 percentage points), followed by Vermont and Virginia (+1.3 points each). Seven other states also had significant increases in their ratios. The remaining 40 states and the District of Columbia had ratios that were not notably different from those of the previous year, though some had changes that were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table C.) The District of Columbia had the highest proportion of employed people in 2023, 68.2 percent, which also set a new high in its annual average series. The next highest ratios were in North Dakota, 67.9 percent, and Utah, 67.7 percent. Mississippi and West Virginia had the lowest employment-population ratios among the states, 52.3 percent and 52.8 percent, respectively. Overall, 21 states and the District had employment-population ratios higher than the U.S. ratio of 60.3 percent, 16 states had lower ratios, and 13 states had ratios that were not appreciably different from that of the nation. (See table D.) _____________ The State Employment and Unemployment news release for January 2024 is scheduled to be released on Monday, March 11, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for January 2024 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, March 13, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). Table A. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes, 2022-23 annual averages -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Rate | |-------------------------| Over-the-year State | | | rate change | 2022 | 2023 | --------------------------------|------------|------------|--------------- California .....................| 4.3 | 4.8 | 0.5 Maryland .......................| 3.0 | 2.1 | -.9 Mississippi ....................| 3.8 | 3.2 | -.6 New Jersey .....................| 3.9 | 4.4 | .5 Ohio ...........................| 4.0 | 3.5 | -.5 Pennsylvania ...................| 4.1 | 3.4 | -.7 Vermont ........................| 2.3 | 2.0 | -.3 Wyoming ........................| 3.4 | 2.9 | -.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table B. States with unemployment rates significantly differ- ent from that of the U.S., 2023 annual averages -------------------------------------------------------------- State | Rate -------------------------------------------------------------- United States .......................| 3.6 | Alabama .............................| 2.5 California ..........................| 4.8 District of Columbia ................| 4.9 Florida .............................| 2.9 Georgia .............................| 3.2 Hawaii ..............................| 3.0 Idaho ...............................| 3.1 Illinois ............................| 4.5 Iowa ................................| 2.9 Kansas ..............................| 2.7 | Maine ...............................| 2.9 Maryland ............................| 2.1 Minnesota ...........................| 2.8 Missouri ............................| 3.0 Montana .............................| 2.9 Nebraska ............................| 2.3 Nevada ..............................| 5.1 New Hampshire .......................| 2.2 New Jersey ..........................| 4.4 New York ............................| 4.2 | North Dakota ........................| 1.9 Rhode Island ........................| 3.0 South Carolina ......................| 3.0 South Dakota ........................| 2.0 Texas ...............................| 3.9 Utah ................................| 2.6 Vermont .............................| 2.0 Virginia ............................| 2.9 Wisconsin ...........................| 3.0 Wyoming .............................| 2.9 -------------------------------------------------------------- Table C. States with statistically significant employment-population ratio changes, 2022-23 annual averages -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Ratio | |-------------------------| Over-the-year State | | | ratio change | 2022 | 2023 | --------------------------------|------------|------------|--------------- Florida ........................| 57.3 | 57.9 | 0.6 Maryland .......................| 62.8 | 63.7 | .9 Michigan .......................| 57.9 | 59.5 | 1.6 Nevada .........................| 58.4 | 59.5 | 1.1 New Mexico .....................| 54.2 | 55.1 | .9 New York .......................| 57.6 | 58.6 | 1.0 Oklahoma .......................| 59.9 | 60.9 | 1.0 Pennsylvania ...................| 59.3 | 60.1 | .8 Vermont ........................| 62.1 | 63.4 | 1.3 Virginia .......................| 63.2 | 64.5 | 1.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table D. States with employment-population ratios significantly different from that of the U.S., 2023 annual averages ---------------------------------------------------------------- State | Ratio ---------------------------------------------------------------- United States .......................| 60.3 | Alabama .............................| 55.8 Alaska ..............................| 62.4 Arkansas ............................| 55.6 California ..........................| 59.1 Colorado ............................| 66.2 Connecticut .........................| 61.8 Delaware ............................| 58.5 District of Columbia ................| 68.2 Florida .............................| 57.9 Hawaii ..............................| 58.4 | Illinois ............................| 61.4 Iowa ................................| 65.8 Kansas ..............................| 64.8 Kentucky ............................| 54.8 Louisiana ...........................| 56.5 Maine ...............................| 57.5 Maryland ............................| 63.7 Massachusetts .......................| 62.9 Minnesota ...........................| 66.4 Mississippi .........................| 52.3 | Nebraska ............................| 67.5 New Hampshire .......................| 63.6 New Jersey ..........................| 62.0 New Mexico ..........................| 55.1 New York ............................| 58.6 North Carolina ......................| 58.9 North Dakota ........................| 67.9 South Carolina ......................| 55.7 South Dakota ........................| 66.8 Tennessee ...........................| 57.9 | Texas ...............................| 61.9 Utah ................................| 67.7 Vermont .............................| 63.4 Virginia ............................| 64.5 Washington ..........................| 61.7 West Virginia .......................| 52.8 Wisconsin ...........................| 63.8 Wyoming .............................| 62.1 ----------------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note This release presents labor force and unemployment data for census regions and divisions and states from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. The LAUS program is a federal-state cooperative endeavor. Concepts Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed and unemployed people on a place-of-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Employed people are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the reference week (the week including the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor management dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed people are those who were not employed during the reference week (based on the definition above), had actively looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the reference week, and were currently available for work; people on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed people expressed as a percent of the labor force. The employment-population ratio is the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older that is employed. Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of California and New York State are produced using estimating equations based on regression techniques. This method uses data from several sources, including the CPS, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey of nonfarm payroll employment, and state unemployment insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the state of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are derived by summing the estimates for New York City and the balance of New York State. Estimates for all nine census divisions are based on a similar regression approach that does not incorporate CES or UI data. Estimates for census regions are obtained by summing the model-based estimates for the component divisions and then calculating the unemployment rate. Each month, census division estimates are controlled to national totals; state estimates are then controlled to their respective division totals. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request. Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect adjustments made at the beginning of each year. The adjusted estimates incorporate updated population controls from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other data sources, and model re-estimation. The population controls reflect a "blended base," with elements from three independent data sources for April 1, 2020. In most years, historical data for the most recent 5 years (both seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted) are revised near the beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January estimates. Though the labor force estimates typically are updated for 5 years, the population controls are revised back to the most recent decennial estimates base (April 2020). Reliability of the estimates The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used. In table 1, level estimates for states may not sum to level estimates for regions and divisions because of rounding. Unemployment rates and employment-population ratios are computed from unrounded levels and, thus, may differ slightly from rates and ratios computed using the rounded level estimates displayed in table 1. Use of error measures. Changes in unemployment rates and employment-population ratios are cited in the analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be statistically significant. Furthermore, unemployment rates and employment-population ratios for the latest year generally are cited only if they have been determined to be significantly different from the corresponding U.S. measure. The underlying model-based error measures are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. BLS uses 90-percent confidence levels in determining whether changes in LAUS unemployment rates and employment- population ratios are statistically significant. The average magnitude of the over-the-year change in an annual state unemployment rate that is required in order to be statistically significant at the 90- percent confidence level is about 0.4 percentage point. The average magnitude of the over-the-year change in an annual state employment-population ratio that is required in order to be statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level is about 0.8 percentage point. Measures of nonsampling error are not available. Additional information If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.
Region, division, and state | Population | Civilian labor force | Employed | Unemployed | Unemployment rate | Error range of rate, 2023(1) |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | ||
United States |
263,973 | 266,942 | 164,287 | 167,116 | 158,291 | 161,037 | 5,996 | 6,080 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 – 3.7 |
Northeast |
46,231 | 46,299 | 28,810 | 29,082 | 27,667 | 27,977 | 1,143 | 1,106 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.6 – 4.0 |
New England |
12,426 | 12,488 | 8,012 | 8,017 | 7,734 | 7,758 | 278 | 258 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.0 – 3.5 |
Connecticut |
2,934 | 2,948 | 1,912 | 1,893 | 1,834 | 1,822 | 78 | 71 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.1 – 4.4 |
Maine |
1,152 | 1,162 | 681 | 687 | 662 | 668 | 19 | 20 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.3 – 3.5 |
Massachusetts |
5,741 | 5,766 | 3,744 | 3,752 | 3,606 | 3,625 | 137 | 126 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.0 – 3.8 |
New Hampshire |
1,160 | 1,167 | 760 | 760 | 743 | 743 | 17 | 17 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.8 – 2.6 |
Rhode Island |
898 | 902 | 572 | 574 | 554 | 557 | 18 | 17 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.4 – 3.6 |
Vermont |
540 | 542 | 344 | 351 | 336 | 344 | 8 | 7 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.7 – 2.4 |
Middle Atlantic |
33,805 | 33,811 | 20,797 | 21,066 | 19,933 | 20,218 | 864 | 847 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.8 – 4.3 |
New Jersey |
7,402 | 7,439 | 4,736 | 4,830 | 4,553 | 4,616 | 184 | 214 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.9 – 4.9 |
New York |
15,937 | 15,893 | 9,596 | 9,718 | 9,179 | 9,307 | 417 | 411 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3.9 – 4.6 |
Pennsylvania |
10,466 | 10,479 | 6,465 | 6,518 | 6,202 | 6,296 | 263 | 223 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 3.1 – 3.8 |
Midwest |
54,397 | 54,656 | 34,744 | 35,128 | 33,538 | 33,919 | 1,206 | 1,208 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 – 3.6 |
East North Central |
37,450 | 37,599 | 23,490 | 23,768 | 22,570 | 22,873 | 919 | 896 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.6 – 4.0 |
Illinois |
10,012 | 10,022 | 6,422 | 6,438 | 6,127 | 6,151 | 294 | 287 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.0 – 4.9 |
Indiana |
5,337 | 5,375 | 3,374 | 3,401 | 3,271 | 3,288 | 103 | 113 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.9 – 3.8 |
Michigan |
8,058 | 8,085 | 4,866 | 5,008 | 4,664 | 4,812 | 202 | 195 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.5 – 4.3 |
Ohio |
9,318 | 9,359 | 5,733 | 5,787 | 5,503 | 5,582 | 230 | 205 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.1 – 3.9 |
Wisconsin |
4,726 | 4,760 | 3,095 | 3,134 | 3,005 | 3,039 | 90 | 95 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.6 – 3.5 |
West North Central |
16,947 | 17,056 | 11,254 | 11,360 | 10,968 | 11,047 | 286 | 313 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.5 – 3.0 |
Iowa |
2,510 | 2,523 | 1,706 | 1,709 | 1,658 | 1,659 | 48 | 50 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 – 3.4 |
Kansas |
2,259 | 2,270 | 1,503 | 1,511 | 1,463 | 1,471 | 40 | 40 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.2 – 3.1 |
Minnesota |
4,505 | 4,535 | 3,071 | 3,100 | 2,993 | 3,013 | 79 | 87 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.4 – 3.2 |
Missouri |
4,867 | 4,895 | 3,037 | 3,088 | 2,957 | 2,994 | 79 | 94 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.6 – 3.5 |
Nebraska |
1,515 | 1,527 | 1,050 | 1,055 | 1,028 | 1,031 | 23 | 24 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 – 2.6 |
North Dakota |
597 | 602 | 412 | 417 | 404 | 409 | 8 | 8 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 – 2.2 |
South Dakota |
694 | 704 | 475 | 480 | 465 | 471 | 10 | 10 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.6 – 2.4 |
South |
100,949 | 102,396 | 61,631 | 62,839 | 59,534 | 60,755 | 2,097 | 2,084 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 – 3.4 |
South Atlantic |
53,676 | 54,469 | 32,710 | 33,409 | 31,670 | 32,398 | 1,040 | 1,012 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 – 3.2 |
Delaware |
819 | 832 | 497 | 507 | 476 | 486 | 21 | 20 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.4 – 4.5 |
District of Columbia |
548 | 555 | 388 | 398 | 370 | 379 | 18 | 20 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.3 – 5.5 |
Florida |
18,084 | 18,437 | 10,692 | 10,989 | 10,371 | 10,669 | 321 | 320 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.6 – 3.2 |
Georgia |
8,484 | 8,610 | 5,222 | 5,306 | 5,058 | 5,136 | 164 | 170 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.8 – 3.6 |
Maryland |
4,870 | 4,892 | 3,155 | 3,185 | 3,060 | 3,117 | 95 | 68 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 1.7 – 2.6 |
North Carolina |
8,434 | 8,574 | 5,156 | 5,232 | 4,966 | 5,051 | 190 | 181 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.1 – 3.8 |
South Carolina |
4,188 | 4,275 | 2,393 | 2,453 | 2,316 | 2,380 | 77 | 73 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.5 – 3.4 |
Virginia |
6,816 | 6,863 | 4,427 | 4,555 | 4,305 | 4,424 | 123 | 131 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 – 3.3 |
West Virginia |
1,432 | 1,431 | 779 | 786 | 748 | 755 | 30 | 31 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.4 – 4.4 |
East South Central |
15,368 | 15,509 | 8,917 | 8,945 | 8,615 | 8,652 | 302 | 293 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.0 – 3.5 |
Alabama |
3,998 | 4,033 | 2,276 | 2,308 | 2,219 | 2,250 | 58 | 58 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 – 2.9 |
Kentucky |
3,528 | 3,546 | 2,030 | 2,026 | 1,948 | 1,942 | 82 | 84 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 3.5 – 4.8 |
Mississippi |
2,272 | 2,281 | 1,248 | 1,231 | 1,200 | 1,192 | 48 | 39 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 2.7 – 3.7 |
Tennessee |
5,570 | 5,649 | 3,362 | 3,380 | 3,248 | 3,268 | 114 | 112 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.8 – 3.8 |
West South Central |
31,905 | 32,419 | 20,004 | 20,485 | 19,248 | 19,706 | 756 | 779 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.6 – 4.0 |
Arkansas |
2,372 | 2,395 | 1,360 | 1,378 | 1,316 | 1,333 | 44 | 45 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.8 – 3.7 |
Louisiana |
3,545 | 3,542 | 2,069 | 2,077 | 1,993 | 2,000 | 76 | 77 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.2 – 4.2 |
Oklahoma |
3,083 | 3,119 | 1,904 | 1,963 | 1,845 | 1,900 | 58 | 63 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.7 – 3.7 |
Texas |
22,906 | 23,362 | 14,672 | 15,067 | 14,094 | 14,473 | 578 | 595 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.7 – 4.2 |
West |
62,486 | 62,906 | 39,157 | 39,640 | 37,603 | 37,972 | 1,553 | 1,668 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.0 – 4.4 |
Mountain |
20,114 | 20,385 | 12,831 | 13,111 | 12,383 | 12,643 | 448 | 468 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.3 – 3.8 |
Arizona |
5,857 | 5,944 | 3,600 | 3,691 | 3,463 | 3,547 | 137 | 144 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.4 – 4.4 |
Colorado |
4,672 | 4,723 | 3,187 | 3,230 | 3,089 | 3,128 | 98 | 102 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.7 – 3.7 |
Idaho |
1,501 | 1,530 | 945 | 962 | 918 | 932 | 27 | 30 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 2.7 – 3.5 |
Montana |
897 | 910 | 564 | 574 | 549 | 558 | 15 | 17 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.5 – 3.3 |
Nevada |
2,527 | 2,555 | 1,558 | 1,603 | 1,476 | 1,520 | 81 | 82 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.5 – 5.8 |
New Mexico |
1,676 | 1,686 | 947 | 965 | 909 | 929 | 39 | 36 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.2 – 4.3 |
Utah |
2,527 | 2,575 | 1,738 | 1,790 | 1,697 | 1,743 | 41 | 47 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.2 – 3.0 |
Wyoming |
457 | 462 | 293 | 295 | 283 | 287 | 10 | 9 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.4 – 3.4 |
Pacific |
42,372 | 42,521 | 26,326 | 26,530 | 25,220 | 25,329 | 1,105 | 1,200 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.3 – 4.7 |
Alaska |
546 | 548 | 354 | 357 | 339 | 342 | 15 | 15 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 3.5 – 4.9 |
California |
31,041 | 31,124 | 19,169 | 19,308 | 18,349 | 18,388 | 820 | 920 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.5 – 5.0 |
Hawaii |
1,124 | 1,124 | 673 | 676 | 651 | 656 | 22 | 20 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.5 – 3.5 |
Oregon |
3,458 | 3,467 | 2,160 | 2,162 | 2,075 | 2,082 | 85 | 80 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.2 – 4.2 |
Washington |
6,204 | 6,258 | 3,970 | 4,026 | 3,807 | 3,861 | 163 | 165 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.6 – 4.6 |
Puerto Rico |
2,735 | 2,729 | 1,187 | 1,197 | 1,116 | 1,127 | 71 | 70 | 6.0 | 5.9 | (2)- |
Footnotes |
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NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Unemployment rates are in percent and are based on unrounded levels. Data for subnational areas reflect revised population controls and model re-estimation. As a result, they will not add to U.S. totals. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. |
Region, division, and state | Employment-population ratio(1) | Over-the-year change |
Error range of ratio, 2023(2) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | 2023 | |||
United States |
60.0 | 60.3 | 0.3 | 60.2 – 60.5 |
Northeast |
59.8 | 60.4 | 0.6 | 60.0 – 60.9 |
New England |
62.2 | 62.1 | -0.1 | 61.5 – 62.8 |
Connecticut |
62.5 | 61.8 | -0.7 | 60.4 – 63.3 |
Maine |
57.4 | 57.5 | 0.1 | 55.8 – 59.1 |
Massachusetts |
62.8 | 62.9 | 0.1 | 61.8 – 63.9 |
New Hampshire |
64.1 | 63.6 | -0.5 | 62.4 – 64.9 |
Rhode Island |
61.6 | 61.7 | 0.1 | 60.1 – 63.3 |
Vermont |
62.1 | 63.4 | 1.3 | 62.1 – 64.7 |
Middle Atlantic |
59.0 | 59.8 | 0.8 | 59.2 – 60.4 |
New Jersey |
61.5 | 62.0 | 0.5 | 60.9 – 63.2 |
New York |
57.6 | 58.6 | 1.0 | 57.8 – 59.3 |
Pennsylvania |
59.3 | 60.1 | 0.8 | 59.2 – 61.0 |
Midwest |
61.7 | 62.1 | 0.4 | 61.6 – 62.5 |
East North Central |
60.3 | 60.8 | 0.5 | 60.3 – 61.4 |
Illinois |
61.2 | 61.4 | 0.2 | 60.4 – 62.4 |
Indiana |
61.3 | 61.2 | -0.1 | 59.9 – 62.4 |
Michigan |
57.9 | 59.5 | 1.6 | 58.4 – 60.6 |
Ohio |
59.1 | 59.7 | 0.6 | 58.6 – 60.7 |
Wisconsin |
63.6 | 63.8 | 0.2 | 62.5 – 65.2 |
West North Central |
64.7 | 64.8 | 0.1 | 64.1 – 65.5 |
Iowa |
66.1 | 65.8 | -0.3 | 64.3 – 67.2 |
Kansas |
64.7 | 64.8 | 0.1 | 63.4 – 66.1 |
Minnesota |
66.4 | 66.4 | 0.0 | 65.1 – 67.8 |
Missouri |
60.8 | 61.2 | 0.4 | 59.9 – 62.4 |
Nebraska |
67.9 | 67.5 | -0.4 | 66.3 – 68.8 |
North Dakota |
67.6 | 67.9 | 0.3 | 66.1 – 69.7 |
South Dakota |
67.0 | 66.8 | -0.2 | 65.2 – 68.5 |
South |
59.0 | 59.3 | 0.3 | 59.0 – 59.7 |
South Atlantic |
59.0 | 59.5 | 0.5 | 59.0 – 59.9 |
Delaware |
58.1 | 58.5 | 0.4 | 57.1 – 59.9 |
District of Columbia |
67.5 | 68.2 | 0.7 | 66.8 – 69.6 |
Florida |
57.3 | 57.9 | 0.6 | 57.1 – 58.6 |
Georgia |
59.6 | 59.6 | 0.0 | 58.6 – 60.7 |
Maryland |
62.8 | 63.7 | 0.9 | 62.3 – 65.2 |
North Carolina |
58.9 | 58.9 | 0.0 | 57.9 – 59.9 |
South Carolina |
55.3 | 55.7 | 0.4 | 54.5 – 56.8 |
Virginia |
63.2 | 64.5 | 1.3 | 63.3 – 65.6 |
West Virginia |
52.3 | 52.8 | 0.5 | 51.2 – 54.3 |
East South Central |
56.1 | 55.8 | -0.3 | 55.0 – 56.6 |
Alabama |
55.5 | 55.8 | 0.3 | 54.4 – 57.2 |
Kentucky |
55.2 | 54.8 | -0.4 | 53.2 – 56.3 |
Mississippi |
52.8 | 52.3 | -0.5 | 50.9 – 53.6 |
Tennessee |
58.3 | 57.9 | -0.4 | 56.6 – 59.1 |
West South Central |
60.3 | 60.8 | 0.5 | 60.2 – 61.3 |
Arkansas |
55.5 | 55.6 | 0.1 | 54.4 – 56.9 |
Louisiana |
56.2 | 56.5 | 0.3 | 55.3 – 57.7 |
Oklahoma |
59.9 | 60.9 | 1.0 | 59.6 – 62.3 |
Texas |
61.5 | 61.9 | 0.4 | 61.3 – 62.6 |
West |
60.2 | 60.4 | 0.2 | 60.0 – 60.7 |
Mountain |
61.6 | 62.0 | 0.4 | 61.4 – 62.6 |
Arizona |
59.1 | 59.7 | 0.6 | 58.3 – 61.0 |
Colorado |
66.1 | 66.2 | 0.1 | 64.9 – 67.6 |
Idaho |
61.2 | 60.9 | -0.3 | 59.6 – 62.2 |
Montana |
61.2 | 61.3 | 0.1 | 60.1 – 62.5 |
Nevada |
58.4 | 59.5 | 1.1 | 58.1 – 60.9 |
New Mexico |
54.2 | 55.1 | 0.9 | 54.0 – 56.2 |
Utah |
67.1 | 67.7 | 0.6 | 66.3 – 69.1 |
Wyoming |
61.8 | 62.1 | 0.3 | 60.5 – 63.7 |
Pacific |
59.5 | 59.6 | 0.1 | 59.1 – 60.0 |
Alaska |
62.0 | 62.4 | 0.4 | 60.8 – 63.9 |
California |
59.1 | 59.1 | 0.0 | 58.5 – 59.6 |
Hawaii |
57.9 | 58.4 | 0.5 | 57.1 – 59.7 |
Oregon |
60.0 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 58.6 – 61.5 |
Washington |
61.4 | 61.7 | 0.3 | 60.5 – 62.9 |
Puerto Rico |
40.8 | 41.3 | 0.5 | (3)- |
Footnotes |
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NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Employment-population ratios are based on unrounded levels. Data for subnational areas reflect revised population controls and model re-estimation. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. |