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For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, March 4, 2020 USDL-20-0377 Technical information: (202) 691-6392 * lausinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/lau Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov REGIONAL AND STATE UNEMPLOYMENT -- 2019 ANNUAL AVERAGES In 2019, annual average unemployment rates decreased in 10 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 39 states and the District of Columbia, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment-population ratios increased in 16 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 32 states and the District. The U.S. jobless rate declined by 0.2 percentage point from the prior year to 3.7 percent, and the national employment-population ratio rose by 0.4 point to 60.8 percent. Regional Unemployment Three of the 4 census regions had unemployment rate decreases from 2018: the Northeast and South (-0.3 percentage point each) and West (-0.2 point). The South had the lowest jobless rate among the regions, 3.5 percent in 2019, while the West had the highest rate, 3.9 percent. No other region had a rate significantly different from that of the United States. In 2019, three regions recorded new series-low unemployment rates: the Northeast (3.7 percent), South (3.5 percent), and West (3.9 percent). All region, division, and state series begin in 1976. (See table 1.) Five of the 9 geographic divisions had over-the-year unemployment rate changes in 2019, all of which were decreases. These declines occurred in New England and the South Atlantic (-0.4 percentage point each) and the Mountain, Pacific, and West South Central (-0.3 point each). The lowest jobless rates among the divisions were in New England and the West North Central, 3.1 percent each, followed by the South Atlantic, 3.3 percent. The highest rates were in the Middle Atlantic and Pacific, 4.0 percent each. The remaining four divisions had rates that were not significantly different from that of the United States. Five divisions recorded new series-low unemployment rates in 2019: the East South Central (3.8 percent), Middle Atlantic (4.0 percent), Pacific (4.0 percent), South Atlantic (3.3 percent), and West South Central (3.6 percent). State Unemployment Ten states had significant unemployment rate decreases in 2019, the largest of which occurred in Alabama (-0.9 percentage point) and South Carolina (-0.7 point). Mississippi had the only over-the-year rate increase (+0.6 percentage point). The remaining 39 states and the District of Columbia had annual average jobless rates in 2019 that were not appreciably different from those of the previous year, though some had changes that were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table A.) North Dakota and Vermont had the lowest unemployment rates in 2019, 2.4 percent each. Alaska had the highest jobless rate, 6.1 percent. Overall, 17 states had unemployment rates significantly lower than the U.S. figure of 3.7 percent, 11 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates, and 22 states had rates that were not substantially different from that of the nation. Eighteen states newly recorded the lowest annual average unemployment rates in their respective series in 2019: Alabama (3.0 percent), Alaska (6.1 percent), Arkansas (3.5 percent), California (4.0 percent), Florida (3.1 percent), Georgia (3.4 percent), Illinois (4.0 percent), Maine (3.0 percent), Nevada (3.9 percent), New Jersey (3.6 percent), New York (4.0 percent), North Dakota (2.4 percent), Oregon (3.7 percent), South Carolina (2.8 percent), Tennessee (3.4 percent), Texas (3.5 percent), Vermont (2.4 percent), and Washington (4.3 percent). (See table B.) Regional Employment-Population Ratios In 2019, three census regions had significant changes in their employment-population ratio-- the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over who are employed--all of which were increases. These increases occurred in the Northeast (+0.5 percentage point) and South and West (+0.4 point each). The Midwest had the highest ratio, 62.7 percent, while the South, at 59.6 percent, had the lowest. These two regions had the only ratios that were notably different from the national figure of 60.8 percent. (See table 2.) Four of the 9 geographic divisions had increases in their employment-population ratios from 2018 to 2019: the East South Central (+0.7 percentage point), Mountain (+0.6 point), Middle Atlantic (+0.5 point), and South Atlantic (+0.4 point). The remaining five divisions had little or no change in their ratios over the year. The division with the highest employment- population ratio in 2019 was the West North Central, 65.8 percent, followed by New England, 64.7 percent. These two divisions, along with the Mountain and East North Central, at 62.3 percent and 61.3 percent, respectively, had employment-population ratios significantly above that of the United States. The East South Central had the lowest proportion of employed persons, 57.2 percent. The Middle Atlantic, at 59.6 percent, South Atlantic, at 59.8 percent, and Pacific, at 60.2 percent, also had ratios appreciably below the national average of 60.8 percent. State Employment-Population Ratios In 2019, the largest employment-population ratio increase among the states occurred in Iowa (+1.5 percentage points), followed by West Virginia (+1.2 points) and New Jersey and Tennessee (+1.1 points each). Twelve other states also had significant increases in their ratios. Hawaii and Wisconsin were the only states with over-the-year decreases in their employment-population ratios (-0.9 percentage point and -0.8 point, respectively). The remaining 32 states and the District of Columbia had ratios that were not notably different from those of the previous year, though some had changes that were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table C.) Iowa had the highest proportion of employed persons in 2019, 68.5 percent, followed by Minnesota, 68.0 percent. West Virginia and Mississippi had the lowest employment-population ratios among the states, 52.4 percent and 52.8 percent, respectively. Overall, 22 states and the District of Columbia had employment-population ratios significantly higher than the U.S. ratio of 60.8 percent and 17 states had ratios that were appreciably below it. Alaska had the lowest employment-population ratio in its series (59.9 percent). (See table D.) _____________ The State Employment and Unemployment news release for January 2020 is scheduled to be released on Monday, March 16, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for January 2020 is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 20, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). Table A. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes, 2018-19 annual averages -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Rate | |-------------------------| Over-the-year State | | | rate change | 2018 | 2019 | --------------------------------|------------|------------|--------------- Alabama ........................| 3.9 | 3.0 | -0.9 Colorado .......................| 3.2 | 2.8 | -.4 Florida ........................| 3.6 | 3.1 | -.5 Georgia ........................| 3.9 | 3.4 | -.5 Massachusetts ..................| 3.4 | 2.9 | -.5 Mississippi ....................| 4.8 | 5.4 | .6 Nevada .........................| 4.4 | 3.9 | -.5 New Jersey .....................| 4.1 | 3.6 | -.5 South Carolina .................| 3.5 | 2.8 | -.7 Texas ..........................| 3.8 | 3.5 | -.3 Utah ...........................| 3.0 | 2.6 | -.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table B. States with unemployment rates significantly differ- ent from that of the U.S., 2019 annual averages -------------------------------------------------------------- State | Rate -------------------------------------------------------------- United States .......................| 3.7 | Alabama .............................| 3.0 Alaska ..............................| 6.1 Arizona .............................| 4.7 California ..........................| 4.0 Colorado ............................| 2.8 District of Columbia ................| 5.5 Florida .............................| 3.1 Hawaii ..............................| 2.7 Idaho ...............................| 2.9 Iowa ................................| 2.7 | Kansas ..............................| 3.2 Kentucky ............................| 4.3 Louisiana ...........................| 4.8 Maine ...............................| 3.0 Massachusetts .......................| 2.9 Minnesota ...........................| 3.2 Mississippi .........................| 5.4 Nebraska ............................| 3.0 New Hampshire .......................| 2.5 New Mexico ..........................| 4.9 | North Dakota ........................| 2.4 Ohio ................................| 4.1 Pennsylvania ........................| 4.4 South Carolina ......................| 2.8 Utah ................................| 2.6 Vermont .............................| 2.4 Virginia ............................| 2.8 Washington ..........................| 4.3 West Virginia .......................| 4.9 -------------------------------------------------------------- Table C. States with statistically significant employment-population ratio changes, 2018-19 annual averages -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Ratio | |-------------------------| Over-the-year State | | | ratio change | 2018 | 2019 | --------------------------------|------------|------------|--------------- Alabama ........................| 55.4 | 56.3 | 0.9 Arizona ........................| 58.2 | 59.2 | 1.0 California .....................| 59.6 | 59.9 | .3 Florida ........................| 57.1 | 57.5 | .4 Hawaii .........................| 60.2 | 59.3 | -.9 Iowa ...........................| 67.0 | 68.5 | 1.5 Maryland .......................| 65.2 | 66.0 | .8 Massachusetts ..................| 65.2 | 65.8 | .6 Nevada .........................| 60.5 | 61.1 | .6 New Jersey .....................| 60.2 | 61.3 | 1.1 | | | New Mexico .....................| 54.7 | 55.4 | .7 North Carolina .................| 58.8 | 59.2 | .4 Pennsylvania ...................| 59.9 | 60.4 | .5 Tennessee ......................| 59.0 | 60.1 | 1.1 Virginia .......................| 63.5 | 64.3 | .8 Washington .....................| 61.3 | 62.3 | 1.0 West Virginia ..................| 51.2 | 52.4 | 1.2 Wisconsin ......................| 65.6 | 64.8 | -.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table D. States with employment-population ratios significantly different from that of the U.S., 2019 annual averages ---------------------------------------------------------------- State | Ratio ---------------------------------------------------------------- United States .......................| 60.8 | Alabama .............................| 56.3 Arizona .............................| 59.2 Arkansas ............................| 56.1 California ..........................| 59.9 Colorado ............................| 67.4 Connecticut .........................| 63.9 District of Columbia ................| 67.1 Florida .............................| 57.5 Hawaii ..............................| 59.3 Idaho ...............................| 62.6 | Illinois ............................| 61.9 Indiana .............................| 62.4 Iowa ................................| 68.5 Kansas ..............................| 64.6 Kentucky ............................| 56.8 Louisiana ...........................| 55.8 Maryland ............................| 66.0 Massachusetts .......................| 65.8 Michigan ............................| 59.2 Minnesota ...........................| 68.0 | Mississippi .........................| 52.8 Missouri ............................| 62.0 Nebraska ............................| 67.8 New Hampshire .......................| 67.3 New Mexico ..........................| 55.4 New York ............................| 58.4 North Carolina ......................| 59.2 North Dakota ........................| 67.6 Oklahoma ............................| 58.8 Oregon ..............................| 59.4 | South Carolina ......................| 56.8 South Dakota ........................| 66.7 Texas ...............................| 61.8 Utah ................................| 66.6 Vermont .............................| 64.5 Virginia ............................| 64.3 Washington ..........................| 62.3 West Virginia .......................| 52.4 Wisconsin ...........................| 64.8 Wyoming .............................| 62.6 ----------------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note This release presents labor force and unemployment data for census regions and divisions and states from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. The LAUS program is a federal-state cooperative endeavor. Concepts Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed and unemployed persons on a place-of-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Employed persons are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the reference week (the week including the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor management dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed persons are those who were not employed during the reference week (based on the definition above), had actively looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the reference week, and were currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed expressed as a percent of the labor force. The employment-population ratio is the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older that is employed. Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of California and New York State are produced using estimating equations based on regression techniques. This method utilizes data from several sources, including the CPS, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey of nonfarm payroll employment, and state unemployment insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the State of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are derived by summing the estimates for New York City and the balance of New York State. Estimates for all nine census divisions are based on a similar regression approach that does not incorporate CES or UI data. Estimates for census regions are obtained by summing the model-based estimates for the component divisions and then calculating the unemployment rate. Each month, census division estimates are controlled to national totals; state estimates are then controlled to their respective division totals. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request. Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect adjustments made at the beginning of each year. The adjusted estimates incorporate updated population controls from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other data sources, and model re-estimation. The population controls reflect extrapolation from the 2010 Census. In most years, historical data for the most recent 5 years (both seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted) are revised near the beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January estimates. Though the labor force estimates typically are updated for 5 years, the population estimates are revised back to the decennial estimates base (April 2010). Reliability of the estimates The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability-- that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used. In table 1, level estimates for states may not sum to level estimates for regions and divisions because of rounding. Unemployment rates and employment-population ratios are computed from unrounded levels and, thus, may differ slightly from rates and ratios computed using the rounded level estimates displayed in table 1. Use of error measures. Changes in unemployment rates and employment-population ratios are cited in the analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be statistically significant. Furthermore, unemployment rates and employment-population ratios for the latest year generally are cited only if they have been determined to be significantly different from the corresponding U.S. measure. The underlying model-based error measures are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. BLS uses 90-percent confidence levels in determining whether changes in LAUS unemployment rates and employment-population ratios are statistically significant. The average magnitude of the over-the-year change in an annual state unemployment rate that is required in order to be statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level is about 0.4 percentage point. The average magnitude of the over-the-year change in an annual state employment- population ratio that is required in order to be statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level is about 0.5 percentage point. Measures of nonsampling error are not available. Additional information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Region, division, and state | Population | Civilian labor force | Employed | Unemployed | Unemployment rate | Error range of rate, 2019(1) |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | ||
United States |
257,791 | 259,175 | 162,075 | 163,539 | 155,761 | 157,538 | 6,314 | 6,001 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.6 – 3.7 |
Northeast |
45,107 | 45,135 | 28,423 | 28,594 | 27,295 | 27,523 | 1,128 | 1,071 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.6 – 3.9 |
New England |
12,090 | 12,132 | 8,044 | 8,095 | 7,765 | 7,844 | 279 | 251 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.9 – 3.3 |
Connecticut |
2,882 | 2,884 | 1,901 | 1,914 | 1,822 | 1,842 | 79 | 71 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.2 – 4.3 |
Maine |
1,104 | 1,110 | 696 | 693 | 673 | 672 | 23 | 21 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.5 – 3.6 |
Massachusetts |
5,613 | 5,635 | 3,785 | 3,817 | 3,658 | 3,707 | 127 | 111 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.6 – 3.2 |
New Hampshire |
1,113 | 1,121 | 763 | 774 | 743 | 754 | 20 | 20 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.2 – 2.9 |
Rhode Island |
861 | 864 | 555 | 556 | 532 | 536 | 22 | 20 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.0 – 4.1 |
Vermont |
517 | 518 | 345 | 342 | 336 | 334 | 9 | 8 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.0 – 2.7 |
Middle Atlantic |
33,017 | 33,003 | 20,378 | 20,499 | 19,529 | 19,679 | 849 | 821 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.8 – 4.2 |
New Jersey |
7,062 | 7,071 | 4,433 | 4,493 | 4,251 | 4,333 | 182 | 160 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.1 – 4.0 |
New York |
15,692 | 15,656 | 9,522 | 9,514 | 9,128 | 9,138 | 394 | 377 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.7 – 4.3 |
Pennsylvania |
10,262 | 10,277 | 6,424 | 6,492 | 6,151 | 6,208 | 273 | 284 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.0 – 4.8 |
Midwest |
53,611 | 53,780 | 34,833 | 35,000 | 33,546 | 33,734 | 1,287 | 1,266 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 – 3.8 |
East North Central |
37,030 | 37,112 | 23,653 | 23,679 | 22,700 | 22,766 | 953 | 912 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.7 – 4.0 |
Illinois |
10,020 | 10,001 | 6,464 | 6,447 | 6,185 | 6,191 | 279 | 256 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.6 – 4.3 |
Indiana |
5,209 | 5,246 | 3,382 | 3,387 | 3,264 | 3,275 | 118 | 112 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.9 – 3.7 |
Michigan |
7,975 | 7,993 | 4,909 | 4,937 | 4,705 | 4,736 | 203 | 201 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.7 – 4.5 |
Ohio |
9,215 | 9,239 | 5,781 | 5,802 | 5,522 | 5,564 | 259 | 239 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.7 – 4.5 |
Wisconsin |
4,610 | 4,633 | 3,118 | 3,105 | 3,025 | 3,001 | 94 | 104 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.9 – 3.8 |
West North Central |
16,581 | 16,668 | 11,180 | 11,321 | 10,846 | 10,968 | 334 | 353 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.9 – 3.3 |
Iowa |
2,459 | 2,468 | 1,691 | 1,739 | 1,647 | 1,691 | 44 | 48 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.3 – 3.2 |
Kansas |
2,222 | 2,229 | 1,478 | 1,487 | 1,429 | 1,440 | 49 | 47 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 2.7 – 3.6 |
Minnesota |
4,390 | 4,424 | 3,071 | 3,110 | 2,981 | 3,009 | 90 | 100 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.8 – 3.6 |
Missouri |
4,791 | 4,811 | 3,053 | 3,083 | 2,957 | 2,982 | 96 | 102 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.9 – 3.7 |
Nebraska |
1,471 | 1,481 | 1,023 | 1,035 | 994 | 1,004 | 30 | 32 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.7 – 3.4 |
North Dakota |
580 | 582 | 404 | 404 | 393 | 394 | 10 | 10 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.0 – 2.7 |
South Dakota |
667 | 672 | 460 | 464 | 445 | 449 | 14 | 15 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 – 3.8 |
South |
97,051 | 98,053 | 59,727 | 60,551 | 57,445 | 58,428 | 2,283 | 2,122 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.4 – 3.6 |
South Atlantic |
51,596 | 52,147 | 31,815 | 32,271 | 30,629 | 31,191 | 1,185 | 1,080 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.2 – 3.5 |
Delaware |
770 | 778 | 482 | 487 | 464 | 469 | 18 | 18 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.2 – 4.3 |
District of Columbia |
574 | 577 | 405 | 410 | 382 | 387 | 23 | 22 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 4.9 – 6.1 |
Florida |
17,183 | 17,410 | 10,174 | 10,337 | 9,809 | 10,016 | 365 | 321 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 2.8 – 3.4 |
Georgia |
8,091 | 8,196 | 5,080 | 5,110 | 4,880 | 4,935 | 200 | 175 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.0 – 3.8 |
Maryland |
4,748 | 4,761 | 3,222 | 3,261 | 3,095 | 3,144 | 127 | 117 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.1 – 4.0 |
North Carolina |
8,137 | 8,243 | 4,986 | 5,080 | 4,788 | 4,884 | 198 | 197 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.5 – 4.3 |
South Carolina |
4,003 | 4,063 | 2,340 | 2,376 | 2,259 | 2,308 | 81 | 68 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.4 – 3.3 |
Virginia |
6,634 | 6,672 | 4,341 | 4,412 | 4,210 | 4,289 | 132 | 123 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.4 – 3.1 |
West Virginia |
1,455 | 1,447 | 785 | 797 | 744 | 758 | 41 | 39 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 4.4 – 5.5 |
East South Central |
14,940 | 15,023 | 8,798 | 8,935 | 8,447 | 8,596 | 351 | 339 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.5 – 4.1 |
Alabama |
3,846 | 3,862 | 2,217 | 2,242 | 2,131 | 2,174 | 86 | 67 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 2.6 – 3.4 |
Kentucky |
3,484 | 3,494 | 2,058 | 2,073 | 1,969 | 1,984 | 89 | 89 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 3.7 – 4.9 |
Mississippi |
2,286 | 2,287 | 1,269 | 1,276 | 1,208 | 1,207 | 61 | 69 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 4.8 – 6.0 |
Tennessee |
5,324 | 5,379 | 3,254 | 3,345 | 3,140 | 3,232 | 114 | 113 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.0 – 3.8 |
West South Central |
30,515 | 30,883 | 19,115 | 19,345 | 18,369 | 18,641 | 746 | 704 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.4 – 3.8 |
Arkansas |
2,333 | 2,343 | 1,353 | 1,363 | 1,304 | 1,314 | 49 | 48 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.1 – 4.0 |
Louisiana |
3,581 | 3,577 | 2,104 | 2,095 | 2,002 | 1,994 | 103 | 101 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.3 – 5.3 |
Oklahoma |
3,011 | 3,029 | 1,841 | 1,841 | 1,778 | 1,781 | 63 | 61 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.8 – 3.8 |
Texas |
21,590 | 21,934 | 13,817 | 14,045 | 13,285 | 13,552 | 532 | 494 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.3 – 3.8 |
West |
60,924 | 61,513 | 38,405 | 38,955 | 36,816 | 37,430 | 1,589 | 1,525 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.8 – 4.1 |
Mountain |
18,998 | 19,341 | 12,193 | 12,512 | 11,717 | 12,056 | 475 | 456 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.4 – 3.9 |
Arizona |
5,598 | 5,713 | 3,423 | 3,551 | 3,261 | 3,385 | 162 | 167 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.2 – 5.2 |
Colorado |
4,471 | 4,545 | 3,081 | 3,149 | 2,983 | 3,062 | 97 | 87 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.3 – 3.2 |
Idaho |
1,335 | 1,368 | 857 | 882 | 832 | 856 | 25 | 26 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.5 – 3.3 |
Montana |
842 | 850 | 529 | 533 | 510 | 515 | 19 | 19 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.0 – 3.9 |
Nevada |
2,375 | 2,424 | 1,504 | 1,542 | 1,437 | 1,482 | 67 | 60 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.4 – 4.4 |
New Mexico |
1,631 | 1,640 | 938 | 955 | 892 | 908 | 46 | 46 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.3 – 5.4 |
Utah |
2,298 | 2,351 | 1,570 | 1,608 | 1,522 | 1,566 | 48 | 42 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.3 – 3.0 |
Wyoming |
448 | 450 | 291 | 292 | 280 | 282 | 11 | 11 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.1 – 4.1 |
Pacific |
41,926 | 42,171 | 26,213 | 26,443 | 25,099 | 25,374 | 1,114 | 1,069 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.9 – 4.2 |
Alaska |
546 | 545 | 353 | 348 | 330 | 326 | 23 | 21 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.5 – 6.8 |
California |
30,983 | 31,107 | 19,281 | 19,412 | 18,461 | 18,627 | 820 | 784 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.8 – 4.3 |
Hawaii |
1,093 | 1,091 | 675 | 665 | 658 | 647 | 17 | 18 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.3 – 3.1 |
Oregon |
3,371 | 3,409 | 2,097 | 2,104 | 2,012 | 2,025 | 85 | 79 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.3 – 4.2 |
Washington |
5,933 | 6,020 | 3,807 | 3,914 | 3,638 | 3,748 | 169 | 166 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.8 – 4.7 |
Puerto Rico |
2,666 | 2,642 | 1,078 | 1,077 | 979 | 987 | 99 | 89 | 9.2 | 8.3 | (2)- |
Footnotes |
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NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Unemployment rates are in percent and are based on unrounded levels. Data for subnational areas reflect revised population controls and model re-estimation. As a result, they will not add to U.S. totals. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. |
Region, division, and state | Employment-population ratio(1) | Over-the-year change |
Error range of ratio, 2019(2) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 2019 | |||
United States |
60.4 | 60.8 | 0.4 | 60.6 – 61.0 |
Northeast |
60.5 | 61.0 | 0.5 | 60.6 – 61.4 |
New England |
64.2 | 64.7 | 0.5 | 64.0 – 65.3 |
Connecticut |
63.2 | 63.9 | 0.7 | 62.6 – 65.2 |
Maine |
61.0 | 60.5 | -0.5 | 59.1 – 62.0 |
Massachusetts |
65.2 | 65.8 | 0.6 | 64.9 – 66.7 |
New Hampshire |
66.8 | 67.3 | 0.5 | 66.2 – 68.3 |
Rhode Island |
61.8 | 62.0 | 0.2 | 60.8 – 63.3 |
Vermont |
65.1 | 64.5 | -0.6 | 63.3 – 65.7 |
Middle Atlantic |
59.1 | 59.6 | 0.5 | 59.1 – 60.1 |
New Jersey |
60.2 | 61.3 | 1.1 | 60.3 – 62.2 |
New York |
58.2 | 58.4 | 0.2 | 57.7 – 59.1 |
Pennsylvania |
59.9 | 60.4 | 0.5 | 59.6 – 61.2 |
Midwest |
62.6 | 62.7 | 0.1 | 62.3 – 63.1 |
East North Central |
61.3 | 61.3 | 0.0 | 60.9 – 61.8 |
Illinois |
61.7 | 61.9 | 0.2 | 61.0 – 62.8 |
Indiana |
62.7 | 62.4 | -0.3 | 61.3 – 63.5 |
Michigan |
59.0 | 59.2 | 0.2 | 58.3 – 60.2 |
Ohio |
59.9 | 60.2 | 0.3 | 59.4 – 61.0 |
Wisconsin |
65.6 | 64.8 | -0.8 | 63.7 – 65.9 |
West North Central |
65.4 | 65.8 | 0.4 | 65.2 – 66.4 |
Iowa |
67.0 | 68.5 | 1.5 | 67.3 – 69.8 |
Kansas |
64.3 | 64.6 | 0.3 | 63.4 – 65.7 |
Minnesota |
67.9 | 68.0 | 0.1 | 66.9 – 69.2 |
Missouri |
61.7 | 62.0 | 0.3 | 61.0 – 63.0 |
Nebraska |
67.5 | 67.8 | 0.3 | 66.8 – 68.8 |
North Dakota |
67.8 | 67.6 | -0.2 | 66.1 – 69.2 |
South Dakota |
66.8 | 66.7 | -0.1 | 65.4 – 68.1 |
South |
59.2 | 59.6 | 0.4 | 59.3 – 59.9 |
South Atlantic |
59.4 | 59.8 | 0.4 | 59.4 – 60.2 |
Delaware |
60.2 | 60.2 | 0.0 | 59.0 – 61.5 |
District of Columbia |
66.5 | 67.1 | 0.6 | 65.8 – 68.4 |
Florida |
57.1 | 57.5 | 0.4 | 56.9 – 58.2 |
Georgia |
60.3 | 60.2 | -0.1 | 59.3 – 61.1 |
Maryland |
65.2 | 66.0 | 0.8 | 64.9 – 67.2 |
North Carolina |
58.8 | 59.2 | 0.4 | 58.4 – 60.1 |
South Carolina |
56.4 | 56.8 | 0.4 | 55.9 – 57.7 |
Virginia |
63.5 | 64.3 | 0.8 | 63.3 – 65.3 |
West Virginia |
51.2 | 52.4 | 1.2 | 50.6 – 54.1 |
East South Central |
56.5 | 57.2 | 0.7 | 56.5 – 57.9 |
Alabama |
55.4 | 56.3 | 0.9 | 55.3 – 57.3 |
Kentucky |
56.5 | 56.8 | 0.3 | 55.6 – 58.0 |
Mississippi |
52.8 | 52.8 | 0.0 | 51.6 – 54.0 |
Tennessee |
59.0 | 60.1 | 1.1 | 59.0 – 61.2 |
West South Central |
60.2 | 60.4 | 0.2 | 59.9 – 60.9 |
Arkansas |
55.9 | 56.1 | 0.2 | 55.1 – 57.1 |
Louisiana |
55.9 | 55.8 | -0.1 | 54.7 – 56.8 |
Oklahoma |
59.0 | 58.8 | -0.2 | 57.5 – 60.0 |
Texas |
61.5 | 61.8 | 0.3 | 61.2 – 62.3 |
West |
60.4 | 60.8 | 0.4 | 60.5 – 61.2 |
Mountain |
61.7 | 62.3 | 0.6 | 61.7 – 62.9 |
Arizona |
58.2 | 59.2 | 1.0 | 58.2 – 60.3 |
Colorado |
66.7 | 67.4 | 0.7 | 66.2 – 68.6 |
Idaho |
62.4 | 62.6 | 0.2 | 61.5 – 63.7 |
Montana |
60.5 | 60.6 | 0.1 | 59.5 – 61.6 |
Nevada |
60.5 | 61.1 | 0.6 | 60.2 – 62.1 |
New Mexico |
54.7 | 55.4 | 0.7 | 54.3 – 56.5 |
Utah |
66.2 | 66.6 | 0.4 | 65.6 – 67.6 |
Wyoming |
62.5 | 62.6 | 0.1 | 61.3 – 64.0 |
Pacific |
59.9 | 60.2 | 0.3 | 59.7 – 60.6 |
Alaska |
60.4 | 59.9 | -0.5 | 58.4 – 61.4 |
California |
59.6 | 59.9 | 0.3 | 59.4 – 60.4 |
Hawaii |
60.2 | 59.3 | -0.9 | 58.1 – 60.5 |
Oregon |
59.7 | 59.4 | -0.3 | 58.2 – 60.6 |
Washington |
61.3 | 62.3 | 1.0 | 61.3 – 63.2 |
Puerto Rico |
36.7 | 37.4 | 0.7 | (3)- |
Footnotes |
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NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Employment-population ratios are based on unrounded levels. Data for subnational areas reflect revised population controls and model re-estimation. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. |