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Economic News Release
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U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                    USDL-21-0026
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, January 14, 2021

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                        U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - DECEMBER 2020

U.S. import prices advanced 0.9 percent in December, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
following a 0.2-percent increase the previous month. Higher fuel and nonfuel prices both contributed to the 
December rise in import prices. Prices for U.S. exports also rose in December, advancing 1.1 percent, after 
increasing 0.7 percent in November.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
         Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on December 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the December release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 
December were 5.3-percentage points lower than those in December 2019. A small number of indexes that 
are normally published were not published in December. Additional information is available at 
www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-december-2020.htm.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports rose 0.9 percent in December, after advancing 0.2 percent from August to 
November. The December increase was the largest monthly advance since August. Import prices declined 
0.3 percent for the year ended in December. The last time the index rose on a 12-month basis was a 0.5-
percent increase in January 2020. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices rose 7.8 percent in December following a 4.8-percent increase in 
November. The December advance was the largest rise since a 15.2-percent increase in July 2020. In 
December, the advance was led by rising petroleum prices which more than offset lower natural gas prices. 
The price index for import petroleum rose 9.1 percent in December, after increasing 2.9 percent the previous 
month. In contrast, prices for natural gas fell 7.5 percent in December, after advancing 44.2 percent in 
November. Despite the recent increases, import fuel prices declined 19.5 percent in 2020, the largest 
calendar-year drop since the index fell 41.0 percent in 2015. In December, prices for petroleum decreased 
20.4 percent on a 12-month basis and natural gas prices decreased 0.2 percent.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports rose 0.4 percent in December following a 0.2-
percent decrease the previous month. The December advance was driven by higher prices for nonfuel 
industrial supplies and materials and for consumer goods which more than offset declining foods, feeds, and 
beverages prices. Nonfuel import prices increased 1.9 percent in 2020, the largest calendar-year advance 
since the index rose 3.4 percent in 2011.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices advanced 2.3 
percent, after declining 0.3 percent in November. The December increase was led by higher prices for 
unfinished metals, chemicals, and lumber.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly unchanged in December. Consumer goods prices ticked 
up 0.1 percent following no change the previous month. Prices for capital goods and automotive vehicles 
were unchanged.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 0.2 percent in December 
following a 2.2-percent drop the previous month. The December decline was driven by a 7.6-percent 
decrease in vegetable prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month IMPORTS EXPORTS
All
imports
Fuel
imports
Nonfuel
imports
All
exports
Agri-
cultural
exports
Non-
agricultural
exports

2019

December

0.2 1.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2

2020

January

0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.6 2.0 0.6

February

-0.7 -9.1 0.2 -1.2 -2.9 -1.1

March

-2.4 -26.5 0.0 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4

April

-2.6 -30.9 -0.5 -3.5 -3.3 -3.5

May

0.7 13.9 0.1 0.0 -0.4 0.0

June

1.3 20.6 0.3 1.8 1.6 1.7

July

1.2 15.2 0.2 1.0 1.6 0.9

August

0.9 3.7 0.7 0.5 -2.2 0.9

September

0.2 -4.7 0.5 0.6 (r)2.8 0.3

October

-0.1 (r)-1.0 (r)0.0 0.2 (r)3.5 (r)-0.2

November

(r)0.2 (r)4.8 (r)-0.2 (r)0.7 (r)3.5 0.3

December

0.9 7.8 0.4 1.1 0.6 1.3

Dec. 2018 to 2019

0.5 18.6 -1.4 -0.9 -1.2 -0.8

Dec. 2019 to 2020

-0.3 -19.5 1.9 0.2 5.1 -0.2

Footnotes
(r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 1.1 percent in December, the largest 1-month advance since a 1.8-percent rise 
in June 2020. In December, higher agricultural and nonagricultural prices contributed to the increase in 
export prices. Prices for U.S. exports rose 0.2 percent from December 2019 to December 2020, the first 12-
month advance since January 2020. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 0.6 percent in December following 3.5-
percent increases in November and October. In December, higher prices for soybeans more than offset 
declining prices for vegetables and dairy products. Prices for agricultural exports advanced 5.1 percent over 
the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year advance since the index rose 5.3 percent from June 2017 to 
June 2018. Higher soybean prices drove the increase in agricultural prices over the past year.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 1.3 percent in December, 
after increasing 0.3 percent in November. The December rise was the largest 1-month advance since the 
index increased 1.7 percent in June 2020. In December, the advance in export prices was led by higher 
prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials. Increasing prices for consumer goods, capital 
goods, automotive vehicles, and nonagricultural foods, feeds, and beverages also contributed to the overall 
advance. Despite the December increase, the price index for nonagricultural exports declined 0.2 percent 
over the past 12 months.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
rose 3.4 percent in December following a 1.5-percent advance the previous month. The December advance 
was driven by an 8.9-percent increase in export fuel prices. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were up in December. Consumer goods prices advanced 0.4 percent, 
after decreasing 0.8 percent in November. The December rise was led by a 0.7-percent increase in 
medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical preparatory materials. The price indexes for capital goods and 
automotive vehicles both ticked up 0.1 percent in December. 

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China rose 0.3 percent in December, after 
advancing 0.2 percent the previous month. The December increase was the largest monthly advance since 
the index rose 0.3 percent in November 2017. Import prices from China increased 0.5 percent in 2020, the 
first calendar-year increase since the index advanced 3.6 percent in 2011. Prices for imports from Japan rose 
0.2 percent in December and have not recorded a monthly drop since July 2020. The price index for imports 
from Japan increased 0.4 percent for the year ended in December, the largest over-the-year advance since 
the index rose 0.4 percent in January 2020. Import prices from Canada also increased in December, 
advancing 3.7 percent, after edging down 0.1 percent in each of the previous 3 months. Prices for imports 
from the European Union rose 0.6 percent in December and import prices from Mexico ticked up 0.1 
percent for the same period. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China increased 1.8 percent in December following a 
1.7-percent advance in November. The December rise was the largest monthly increase since the index 
advanced 3.0 percent in June 2020. Prices for exports to China rose 3.6 percent from December 2019 to 
December 2020. The price index for exports to Japan increased 1.3 percent in December, the largest 1-
month advance since the index rose 4.4 percent in June 2020. Export prices to Japan increased 1.4 percent in 
2020. Prices for exports to Canada advanced 0.4 percent in December, after rising 1.1 percent the previous 
month. The price indexes for exports to the European Union and Mexico also increased in December, 
advancing 1.6 percent and 1.0 percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China rose 
1.5 percent for the second consecutive month in December. The increases were the largest monthly 
advances since the index rose 3.0 percent in June 2020. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan 
increased 1.1 percent in December, after advancing 0.4 percent the previous month. The December increase 
was the largest 1-month advance since the index rose 4.1 percent in June 2020. In contrast, the U.S. terms of 
trade with Canada declined 3.2 percent in December. Higher import prices from Canada more than offset 
rising export prices to Canada. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union increased 0.9 
percent in December following a 0.2-percent advance in November. The U.S. terms of trade with Mexico 
also rose in December, advancing 1.0 percent, after a 1.8-percent increase the previous month. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares advanced 3.9 percent in December following an 8.1-percent increase 
from August to November. In December, the increase was driven by higher Asian fares which more than 
offset lower European fares. Despite the recent advances, import air passenger fares fell 16.4 percent for the 
year ended in December. The price index for import air freight increased 6.2 percent in December and rose 
21.4 percent in the fourth quarter of 2020. Import air freight prices advanced 75.8 percent, the largest 
calendar-year increase since the index was first published in December 1990. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 9.5 percent in December, after increasing 14.5 percent in 
November. The December decline was the largest monthly drop since the index fell 11.6 percent in 
February 2017, and was led by a 24.5-percent decrease in Asian fares. Despite the December decline, export 
air passenger fares advanced 4.4 percent over the past 12 months. Export air freight prices rose 5.8 percent 
in December and 2.7 percent over the past year. The December increase was the largest monthly advance 
since the index rose 5.8 percent in May 2014.

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for January 2021 are scheduled for release on Thursday, February 
18, 2021 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2019 to December 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2019
to
Dec.
2020
Aug.
2020
to
Sep.
2020
Sep.
2020
to
Oct.
2020
Oct.
2020
to
Nov.
2020
Nov.
2020
to
Dec.
2020

All commodities

  100.000 123.5 124.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.9

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  86.432 100.4 100.8 2.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4

All imports excluding petroleum

  93.179 113.6 114.0 1.8 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.4

All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  92.542 117.4 117.9 1.9 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.4

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

6.110 175.9 175.6 -1.2 1.1 -0.1 -2.2 -0.2

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

4.734 191.1 190.5 -1.3 1.3 -0.4 -2.8 -0.3

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

1.377 142.0 142.6 -0.5 0.2 1.2 -0.1 0.4

Industrial supplies & materials

1

22.161 175.0 182.3 -3.0 0.1 -0.1 1.3 4.2

Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum

  15.503 165.1 168.3 8.2 3.1 -0.1 0.9 1.9

Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  14.720 185.0 189.3 8.9 2.6 0.3 -0.3 2.3

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  9.600 184.8 189.9 14.1 3.9 0.1 -0.7 2.8

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum

  5.740 140.5 141.3 -0.5 1.9 -0.5 3.5 0.6

Fuels & lubricants

10

7.458 158.6 171.0 -19.5 -4.7 -1.0 4.8 7.8

Petroleum & petroleum products

100

6.821 165.6 180.6 -20.4 -6.1 -0.2 2.9 9.1

Crude

10000

4.658 168.7 188.5 -19.3 -5.5 -0.2 4.5 11.7

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas

101

0.536 147.8 138.2 0.4 19.8 -12.7 38.1 -6.5

Gas-natural

10110

0.477 139.4 129.0 -0.2 23.6 -14.7 44.2 -7.5

Paper & paper base stocks

11

0.507 109.3 109.7 -1.6 -0.5 -0.5 1.1 0.4

Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials

12

4.597 153.4 155.9 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.5 1.6

Selected building materials

13

1.824 171.9 177.2 23.7 10.7 1.6 -9.4 3.1

Unfinished metals related to durable goods

14

4.097 272.9 285.5 22.9 3.9 -0.2 2.5 4.6

Finished metals related to durable goods

15

1.860 162.3 163.4 3.7 0.6 -0.4 0.9 0.7

Nonmetals related to durable goods

16

1.818 113.2 113.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.4 0.4

Capital goods

2

28.962 88.4 88.4 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Electric generating equipment

20

3.669 121.3 121.4 0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery

21

22.900 80.3 80.2 1.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

2.393 136.1 136.2 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

15.847 110.9 110.9 1.1 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

26.920 106.9 107.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured

40

13.288 124.3 124.4 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Durables, manufactured

41

12.357 90.8 91.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods

42

1.275 116.5 117.3 0.7 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.7

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2019 to December 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2019
to
Dec.
2020
Aug.
2020
to
Sep.
2020
Sep.
2020
to
Oct.
2020
Oct.
2020
to
Nov.
2020
Nov.
2020
to
Dec.
2020

All commodities

  100.000 123.8 125.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.7 1.1

Agricultural commodities

  9.964 188.5 189.7 5.1 2.8 3.5 3.5 0.6

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  81.979 102.8 103.2 2.2 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.4

Nonagricultural commodities

  90.036 118.9 120.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.3 1.3

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

9.239 192.7 193.8 5.0 2.8 3.6 3.3 0.6

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

8.709 192.3 193.4 5.7 2.9 3.7 3.5 0.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

0.530 203.2 204.4 -5.8 1.1 2.6 0.4 0.6

Industrial supplies & materials

1

31.535 144.0 148.8 -1.5 0.7 -0.4 1.6 3.3

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  11.511 183.0 184.5 10.8 1.3 -0.3 0.8 0.8

Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable

  20.024 128.0 134.1 -7.3 0.4 -0.5 2.0 4.8

Agricultural industrial supplies & materials

10

1.226 170.2 173.2 1.2 2.3 2.0 2.7 1.8

Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials

  30.309 143.2 148.1 -1.6 0.6 -0.5 1.5 3.4

Fuels & lubricants

11

8.783 130.9 142.6 -17.6 -0.6 -2.1 2.2 8.9

Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials

12

20.522 165.1 167.0 7.3 1.1 0.1 1.2 1.2

Selected building materials

13

1.005 126.7 129.4 10.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.1

Capital goods

2

36.870 111.1 111.2 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Electrical generating equipment

20

3.850 120.6 120.8 3.0 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery

21

23.868 94.4 94.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

9.152 185.0 186.0 1.6 0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.5

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

9.923 114.4 114.5 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

12.433 109.8 110.2 -0.1 0.7 0.2 -0.8 0.4

Nondurables, manufactured

40

6.008 108.0 108.4 0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.9 0.4

Durables, manufactured

41

5.021 107.7 107.8 0.8 0.9 0.3 -0.9 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)

42

1.404 93.5 94.4 -4.6 0.5 0.0 0.1 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2019 to December 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2019
to
Dec.
2020
Aug.
2020
to
Sep.
2020
Sep.
2020
to
Oct.
2020
Oct.
2020
to
Nov.
2020
Nov.
2020
to
Dec.
2020

Nonmanufacturing

  7.268 90.0 96.7 -14.7 -2.5 -0.8 2.3 7.4

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

1.841 171.6 169.7 -2.2 2.4 -0.4 -6.5 -1.1

Crop production

111

1.503 182.5 179.7 -1.1 2.7 -0.9 -7.9 -1.5

Mining

21

5.428 79.9 88.2 -17.9 -4.4 -0.8 5.5 10.4

Oil and gas extraction

211

5.169 78.7 87.2 -18.6 -4.5 -0.9 5.9 10.8

Manufacturing

  92.403 111.3 111.8 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4

Manufacturing, part 1

31

11.470 125.6 125.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.2

Food manufacturing

311

3.556 154.9 155.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.5

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

1.177 128.3 128.6 2.1 0.0 0.1 -1.2 0.2

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)

313

0.381 101.1 101.2 1.9 0.1 -0.8 0.0 0.1

Textile product mills

314

0.939 106.6 106.7 -0.5 -0.2 0.8 -0.2 0.1

Apparel manufacturing

315

3.777 113.0 112.9 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Leather and allied product manufacturing

316

1.640 123.0 123.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.8 0.2

Manufacturing, part 2

32

18.096 122.1 123.5 -1.2 0.3 0.2 -0.9 1.1

Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)

321

1.106 137.8 144.3 44.3 17.9 2.3 -14.9 4.7

Paper manufacturing

322

0.992 106.7 107.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 0.8 0.6

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

1.986 73.3 75.5 -23.7 -8.0 0.1 -0.5 3.0

Chemical manufacturing

325

10.267 137.1 138.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.9

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.468 122.6 122.9 3.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

1.083 130.8 131.4 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.5

Manufacturing, part 3

33

62.837 104.8 105.2 1.9 0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.4

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.688 180.0 186.7 21.0 3.4 -0.3 2.7 3.7

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

332

3.261 126.8 127.2 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.3

Machinery manufacturing

333

7.855 120.2 120.4 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

17.114 71.6 71.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

5.544 117.8 118.1 0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

16.929 110.2 110.2 1.2 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Furniture and related product manufacturing

337

1.906 114.9 115.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

5.540 120.2 120.7 1.3 0.6 -0.1 0.3 0.4

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2019 to December 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2019
to
Dec.
2020
Aug.
2020
to
Sep.
2020
Sep.
2020
to
Oct.
2020
Oct.
2020
to
Nov.
2020
Nov.
2020
to
Dec.
2020

Nonmanufacturing

  9.557 119.9 123.9 -3.7 1.3 1.6 5.0 3.3

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

5.083 163.5 163.7 7.8 5.7 5.6 4.9 0.1

Crop production

111

4.723 172.2 172.3 8.5 5.9 5.5 5.1 0.1

Mining

21

4.474 63.9 68.4 -13.4 -2.8 -2.6 4.9 7.0

Mining (except oil and gas)

212

1.108 89.1 90.8 -11.1 -0.4 -4.1 1.9 1.9

Manufacturing

  88.979 115.3 116.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.9

Manufacturing, part 1

31

6.905 143.1 143.7 1.4 0.3 1.2 1.7 0.4

Food manufacturing

311

4.738 161.4 162.0 0.6 0.1 1.5 2.1 0.4

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

0.674 127.9 130.2 7.3 1.2 2.0 0.6 1.8

Manufacturing, part 2

32

23.059 105.2 108.4 -3.6 0.9 0.0 0.5 3.0

Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)

321

0.512 104.1 105.9 13.0 2.5 2.3 1.5 1.7

Paper manufacturing

322

1.499 117.9 118.4 -0.9 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.4

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

4.236 74.2 82.8 -21.4 1.3 -1.4 -1.2 11.6

Chemical manufacturing

325

13.467 118.4 120.1 2.6 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.4

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.301 115.5 116.0 -0.8 -0.4 -1.1 0.0 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

0.841 118.5 120.3 3.4 -0.3 -0.5 1.7 1.5

Manufacturing, part 3

33

59.015 117.0 116.9 1.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.908 181.7 179.8 17.9 0.5 -0.8 1.3 -1.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

332

3.099 150.1 150.3 0.9 0.6 0.1 -0.9 0.1

Machinery manufacturing

333

9.821 129.5 129.4 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.1

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

13.768 81.6 81.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

3.846 118.8 119.1 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

17.802 130.0 130.3 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2

Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)

337

0.410 126.8 127.0 3.7 0.1 1.6 0.0 0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

5.361 118.9 119.2 -0.6 0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2019 to December 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
importance
Nov.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2019
to
Dec.
2020
Aug.
2020
to
Sep.
2020
Sep.
2020
to
Oct.
2020
Oct.
2020
to
Nov.
2020
Nov.
2020
to
Dec.
2020

Live animals; animal products

I

1.339 191.0 192.6 -3.4 0.4 0.6 -0.1 0.8

Meat and edible meat offal

02

0.384 270.0 273.9 -1.6 0.4 -0.9 0.4 1.4

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates

03

0.691 131.6 132.3 -5.2 0.5 2.4 -0.7 0.5

Vegetable products

II

1.859 202.9 199.3 -0.6 2.4 -0.5 -7.3 -1.8

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers

07

0.428 451.8 408.4 -17.7 1.3 1.7 -14.8 -9.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.581 98.5 97.4 -2.4 5.9 -2.0 -11.6 -1.1

Coffee, tea, mate and spices

09

0.341 217.3 222.6 5.6 1.4 -3.5 0.3 2.4

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)

III

0.288 100.6 103.9 21.0 1.2 1.2 10.3 3.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

3.017 169.0 169.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 -0.4 0.2

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)

18

0.204 99.8 100.6 -0.8 1.0 0.0 -0.2 0.8

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants

20

0.366 168.6 168.9 -1.7 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.2

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar

22

1.133 140.0 140.5 3.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Mineral products

V

7.601 161.6 173.6 -18.4 -4.7 -1.0 4.8 7.4

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

7.254 157.3 169.3 -19.3 -4.9 -1.1 5.1 7.6

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

9.599 154.9 156.4 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.2 1.0

Inorganic chemicals

28

0.461 271.9 280.5 -8.5 0.2 0.0 1.6 3.2

Organic chemicals

29

2.122 123.4 126.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.6 2.5

Pharmaceutical products

30

4.954 154.4 154.4 0.1 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.0

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)

33

0.613 101.0 101.0 -2.1 -0.2 -1.0 -0.4 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

0.608 103.2 104.4 1.9 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

3.874 147.3 148.6 6.2 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9

Plastics and articles thereof

39

2.539 146.1 147.0 3.2 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.6

Rubber and articles thereof

40

1.335 151.9 154.1 12.5 1.7 1.4 2.1 1.4

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc

VIII

0.623 124.3 124.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials

42

0.596 131.1 131.3 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork

IX

1.149 201.9 211.1 45.6 17.5 2.6 -14.1 4.6

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)

44

1.125 140.4 146.9 46.9 17.9 2.7 -14.4 4.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

1.019 111.8 111.6 -2.4 -0.4 -0.7 1.0 -0.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard

48

0.691 103.8 103.9 -4.3 -0.9 -0.7 0.5 0.1

Textile and textile articles

XI

4.885 114.4 114.4 0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted

61

1.974 104.8 104.8 -0.7 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted

62

1.644 122.5 122.2 1.4 0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.2

Made-up or worn textile articles

63

0.635 100.2 100.2 -1.2 -0.5 1.0 -0.5 0.0

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.

XII

1.377 123.2 123.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -1.0 0.3

Footwear and parts of such articles

64

1.151 121.5 121.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -1.1 0.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.971 131.5 132.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.7

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

3.306 223.4 226.1 17.4 2.4 -1.7 0.6 1.2

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

5.715 174.9 179.9 6.3 1.7 0.0 2.0 2.9

Iron and steel

72

1.133 202.1 212.3 6.5 2.7 2.1 1.2 5.0

Articles of iron or steel

73

1.700 147.3 147.9 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.4

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.496 316.2 335.7 24.0 2.3 0.8 4.1 6.2

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

1.002 139.9 147.4 15.9 2.2 0.2 5.7 5.4

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof

82

0.464 122.5 122.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal

83

0.534 133.7 133.9 -0.8 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

30.726 79.0 79.0 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

15.676 85.0 84.9 1.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts

85

15.050 73.3 73.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

13.992 114.8 114.8 1.2 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

12.860 114.0 114.0 1.3 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

4.127 102.3 102.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1

Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments

90

3.855 98.5 98.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

4.455 110.6 110.8 -0.6 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.2

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs

94

2.809 116.5 116.7 -0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

1.377 101.0 101.1 -1.2 0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

96

0.270 126.6 126.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2019 to December 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2019
to
Dec.
2020
Aug.
2020
to
Sep.
2020
Sep.
2020
to
Oct.
2020
Oct.
2020
to
Nov.
2020
Nov.
2020
to
Dec.
2020

Live animals; animal products

I

2.001 217.2 213.8 -1.1 -1.0 3.1 2.9 -1.6

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)

02

1.195 168.7 168.0 0.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 -0.4

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)

03

0.325 109.1 109.7 -8.1 1.4 3.3 0.7 0.5

Vegetable products

II

4.762 216.9 216.6 10.1 5.9 5.5 5.9 -0.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.893 126.6 129.6 -10.6 4.1 -0.7 1.6 2.4

Cereals

10

1.561 216.2 218.3 12.5 8.4 6.2 6.4 1.0

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder

12

1.731 228.0 240.3 26.3 5.8 3.8 7.6 5.4

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

3.121 156.7 157.9 1.1 2.0 1.2 0.7 0.8

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)

20

0.322 96.0 96.3 -3.7 0.2 0.5 -0.6 0.3

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)

21

0.594 100.4 101.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)

22

0.573 108.7 108.8 -2.5 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.1

Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed

23

0.779 234.6 239.8 8.0 3.5 5.8 2.3 2.2

Mineral products

V

8.759 158.6 173.2 -16.8 -0.8 -2.1 2.3 9.2

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)

26

0.425 100.5 106.3 12.7 3.5 -1.4 0.7 5.8

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

8.138 149.1 163.5 -18.2 -1.0 -2.2 2.4 9.7

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

11.102 138.7 140.2 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.4 1.1

Inorganic chemicals

28

0.686 134.2 134.4 -8.2 0.3 -3.0 0.0 0.1

Organic chemicals

29

2.680 149.1 154.6 11.8 2.3 3.9 4.4 3.7

Pharmaceutical products

30

3.178 107.8 108.6 0.8 0.8 0.3 -1.7 0.7

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)

32

0.518 101.2 101.2 -3.6 0.7 -0.1 -0.7 0.0

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations

33

0.869 128.1 128.1 -1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes

34

0.496 125.6 125.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

2.018 156.7 156.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

5.209 142.8 145.4 3.0 0.8 0.2 1.8 1.8

Plastics and articles thereof

39

4.329 140.4 143.4 3.8 1.3 0.3 2.1 2.1

Rubber and articles thereof

40

0.879 150.7 151.1 -0.6 -1.6 0.3 0.1 0.3

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)

IX

0.628 102.8 104.8 15.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

1.800 121.7 124.6 5.1 0.7 -1.6 0.1 2.4

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)

47

0.483 114.3 123.7 23.7 0.8 -6.3 0.6 8.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard

48

1.026 122.6 122.7 -1.3 0.6 0.3 -0.2 0.1

Textile and textile articles

XI

1.691 119.4 119.8 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.3

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof

52

0.468 116.3 118.0 1.1 2.9 1.3 3.2 1.5

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.830 129.8 130.8 3.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)

70

0.469 99.2 99.1 -0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

5.344 304.2 300.1 14.9 1.3 -0.6 0.4 -1.3

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

4.812 162.4 167.3 7.7 2.5 0.8 1.0 3.0

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.576 202.0 218.5 24.9 2.5 0.0 4.4 8.2

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

0.760 108.5 119.0 21.1 5.4 2.3 2.7 9.7

Miscellaneous articles of base metal

83

0.350 158.5 158.5 3.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

28.531 97.6 97.6 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

16.945 115.0 115.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.0

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof

85

11.586 78.8 78.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

13.484 138.1 138.5 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

8.091 116.5 116.5 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

6.046 109.9 110.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.5 0.1 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

1.356 113.6 113.6 0.6 -0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;

94

0.764 133.8 133.7 2.5 0.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

0.436 87.0 87.2 -1.9 -1.3 0.3 0.0 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: December 2019 to December 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2019
to
Dec.
2020
Aug.
2020
to
Sep.
2020
Sep.
2020
to
Oct.
2020
Oct.
2020
to
Nov.
2020
Nov.
2020
to
Dec.
2020

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 125.5 127.5 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 1.6

Nonmanufacturing

8.951 145.5 158.7 -12.4 -6.0 0.6 4.0 9.1

Manufacturing

90.440 123.1 124.0 1.9 0.6 -0.3 -0.5 0.7

Canada

100.000 133.3 138.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 3.7

Nonmanufacturing

25.911 141.8 155.3 -12.3 -6.3 0.4 4.2 9.5

Manufacturing

73.076 134.3 136.2 5.3 1.9 -0.3 -1.5 1.4

European Union

100.000 139.1 139.9 2.1 0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.6

Manufacturing

98.996 135.3 136.0 2.0 0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.5

France (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 129.1 129.5 1.6 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.3

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 114.3 115.0 1.8 1.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.6

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 122.0 123.7 1.0 1.2 0.3 0.2 1.4

Latin America(3)

100.000 143.9 145.7 0.6 -0.4 -0.5 0.0 1.3

Nonmanufacturing

12.439 208.5 219.9 -14.6 0.4 -3.5 -2.5 5.5

Manufacturing

87.286 121.1 121.9 3.2 -0.6 0.0 0.3 0.7

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 127.0 127.1 0.9 0.0 -0.2 -0.9 0.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

6.478 107.7 110.3 -16.8 7.1 -3.5 -12.0 2.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

93.248 89.0 88.9 2.4 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)

100.000 98.0 98.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3

China (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 98.4 98.7 0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.3

Japan

100.000 97.0 97.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)

100.000 98.4 98.6 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2

Asian NICs(5)

100.000 86.0 86.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.6

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)

100.000 98.1 98.6 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.5

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)

100.000 151.2 160.4 -10.4 -0.5 0.3 0.9 6.1

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
(5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
(6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
(7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: December 2019 to December 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2019
to
Dec.
2020
Aug.
2020
to
Sep.
2020
Sep.
2020
to
Oct.
2020
Oct.
2020
to
Nov.
2020
Nov.
2020
to
Dec.
2020

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 103.5 104.2 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.7

Nonmanufacturing

9.468 96.0 98.8 -6.2 1.0 1.9 5.8 2.9

Manufacturing

89.090 104.4 104.8 1.7 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.4

Canada

100.000 104.9 105.3 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.4

European Union

100.000 103.0 104.6 0.1 0.4 -0.4 -0.1 1.6

Nonmanufacturing

8.235 84.3 91.4 -9.6 0.0 0.4 4.1 8.4

Manufacturing

90.391 104.7 105.7 0.9 0.4 -0.6 -0.5 1.0

Germany

100.000 107.1 107.9 3.2 0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.7

Latin America(3)

100.000 96.7 98.6 -1.4 0.2 0.6 0.7 2.0

Nonmanufacturing

8.262 112.4 115.0 10.8 3.2 3.5 8.6 2.3

Manufacturing

91.182 95.5 97.3 -2.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.9

Mexico

100.000 98.1 99.1 -0.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0

Nonmanufacturing

6.805 113.3 112.6 16.8 4.7 0.7 17.9 -0.6

Manufacturing

92.542 97.1 98.2 -1.8 0.2 0.9 -0.1 1.1

Pacific Rim(4)

100.000 99.7 100.9 1.7 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.2

Nonmanufacturing

13.507 87.9 92.2 -3.6 0.7 1.7 2.9 4.9

Manufacturing

84.522 102.0 102.3 1.8 -0.1 0.3 0.6 0.3

China

100.000 99.0 100.8 3.6 -1.2 0.7 1.7 1.8

Nonmanufacturing

11.503 83.3 90.7 -4.5 -3.2 1.8 4.1 8.9

Manufacturing

86.306 103.4 103.9 4.1 -1.1 1.0 1.5 0.5

Japan

100.000 100.6 101.9 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.3

Nonmanufacturing

18.816 89.4 95.3 -3.4 2.2 2.6 4.8 6.6

Manufacturing

79.178 102.4 102.1 1.8 0.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.3

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: December 2019 to December 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Index Percent change
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2019
to
Dec.
2020
Aug.
2020
to
Sep.
2020
Sep.
2020
to
Oct.
2020
Oct.
2020
to
Nov.
2020
Nov.
2020
to
Dec.
2020

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.9 100.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.9

Canada

103.4 100.1 0.5 1.1 0.6 1.2 -3.2

European Union

99.7 100.6 -2.0 -0.5 -0.6 0.2 0.9

Germany

107.8 108.0 1.4 -0.7 -0.2 -0.4 0.2

Latin America(3)

100.1 100.8 -1.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.7

Mexico

99.6 100.6 -1.6 0.5 1.0 1.8 1.0

Pacific Rim(4)

100.1 101.0 1.1 0.0 0.5 0.9 0.9

China

100.7 102.2 3.0 -1.2 0.8 1.5 1.5

Japan

99.0 100.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.1

Footnotes
(1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: December 2019 to December 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2020
Dec.
2020
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2019
to
Dec.
2020
Aug.
2020
to
Sep.
2020
Sep.
2020
to
Oct.
2020
Oct.
2020
to
Nov.
2020
Nov.
2020
to
Dec.
2020

Air Freight

Import Air Freight

100.000 301.6 320.3 75.8 -2.9 4.1 9.8 6.2

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

26.979 240.9 242.1 68.9 -3.6 10.9 0.5 0.5

Asia

65.378 313.3 342.4 95.7 -2.9 1.8 15.7 9.3

Export Air Freight

100.000 159.0 168.2 2.7 -2.9 -6.7 3.4 5.8

Europe (Dec. 2006=100)

29.958 139.9 153.9 1.0 -2.5 -11.6 6.1 10.0

Inbound Air Freight

100.000 228.7 243.3 46.7 -5.1 3.0 6.3 6.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

26.307 168.9 167.6 27.8 -7.9 8.3 -0.8 -0.8

Asia

64.204 234.5 258.6 66.2 -4.5 1.3 10.8 10.3

Outbound Air Freight

100.000 144.1 154.6 4.7 -4.3 -4.6 4.9 7.3

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

32.931 157.1 176.4 11.2 -2.9 -15.2 8.0 12.3

Asia

45.628 136.1 146.1 3.5 -6.4 4.0 3.3 7.3

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares

100.000 151.4 157.3 -16.4 4.4 3.9 -0.3 3.9

Europe

37.718 145.5 137.9 -32.9 9.9 3.6 -3.1 -5.2

Asia

34.909 182.3 200.6 30.9 4.8 3.9 5.4 10.0

Latin America/Caribbean

7.072 117.7 120.7 -34.9 -0.5 7.8 -0.8 2.5

Export Air Passenger Fares

100.000 169.4 153.3 4.4 5.9 -4.0 14.5 -9.5

Europe

24.761 181.0 180.7 -2.2 1.4 2.4 13.3 -0.2

Asia

37.148 217.8 164.4 27.2 16.9 -21.0 46.5 -24.5

Latin America/Caribbean

21.055 144.9 140.2 -11.5 -1.8 11.2 -6.5 -3.2

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.

Last Modified Date: January 14, 2021